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Figure 6. Uplink Shaped <strong>beam</strong>s @<br />

=1.975GHz<br />

Figure 5. Downlink Shaped <strong>beam</strong>s @<br />

=2.165GHz<br />

V. CONCLUSIONS<br />

This research has explored the importance of using <strong>smart</strong><br />

<strong>antenna</strong> systems <strong>for</strong> traffic load balancing especially in<br />

hotspots of wireless networks. We have successfully designed,<br />

simulated and analysed a <strong>multiple</strong> <strong>switched</strong> <strong>beam</strong> <strong>smart</strong><br />

<strong>antenna</strong> <strong>with</strong> <strong>beam</strong> <strong>shaping</strong> augmentation <strong>for</strong> dynamic<br />

optimization of capacity and coverage <strong>for</strong> the up and<br />

downlinks of 3G mobile telecommunication networks. Future<br />

work to aid network planners could employ this Smart<br />

Antenna System computer model coupled <strong>with</strong> a suitable<br />

propagation model and terrain map to predict “<strong>beam</strong><br />

footprint” contour plots <strong>for</strong> specific geographical regions.<br />

[7] K. I. Pedersen, P. E. Mogensen, and J. R. Moreno, “Application and<br />

per<strong>for</strong>mance of downlink <strong>beam</strong><strong>for</strong>ming techniques in UMTS,” IEEE<br />

Commun. Mag., pp. 134–143, Oct. 2003.<br />

[8] R.H. Roy, ‘An overview of <strong>smart</strong> Antenna technology: the Next Wave<br />

in Wireless Communication,’ 1998 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Vol.3<br />

pp. 339-345, May 1998<br />

[9] W. L. Stutzman and G. A. Thiele (1981), ’Antenna theory and Design’,<br />

John Wiley & Sons, New York.<br />

[10] J. Litva and T. K.-Y. Lo (1996), Digital Beam<strong>for</strong>ming in Wireless<br />

Communications, Artech House, Boston.<br />

[11] C A. Osseiran et al., ‘Downlink capacity comparison between different<br />

<strong>smart</strong> <strong>antenna</strong> concepts in a mixed service WCDMA system,’ in proc.<br />

IEEE Veh. Technol. Conf. Fall, Atlantic City NJ, 2001, vol. 3, pp.<br />

1528-1532.<br />

[12] J. C. Liberti, Jr., and T.S. Rappaport, (1999), Smart Antennas <strong>for</strong><br />

wireless communications: IS-95 and Third Generation CDMA<br />

Applications, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ.<br />

[13] J. Laiho, A. Wacker and T. Novosad ’Radio Network Planning and<br />

Optimisation <strong>for</strong> UMTS second Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2006.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

[1] T. Yum and W. Wong, Hot-spot traffic relief in cellular systems, IEEE<br />

Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 934-<br />

940, August 1993.<br />

[2] Y. Argyropoulos, . S. Jordan, and S. Kumar, Dynamic channel<br />

allocation in interference-limited cellular systems <strong>with</strong> uneven traffic<br />

distribution, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 48, no.<br />

1, pp 224-232, January 1999<br />

[3] C. Lee, H. Kang, and T. Park, “Dynamic sectorization of microcells<br />

<strong>for</strong> balanced traffic in cdma: genetic algorithms approach,” IEEE Trans.<br />

Veh. Technol.<br />

[4] Lehne, P. H, and Pettersen, M. ‘An overview of Smart Antenna<br />

Technology <strong>for</strong> mobile communication systems’ IEEE<br />

communications surveys, vol.2, pp.2-13, 1999.<br />

[5] L. Godara, “Applications of <strong>antenna</strong> arrays to mobile communications,<br />

Part I: Per<strong>for</strong>mance improvement, feasibility, and system<br />

considerations,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 85, pp. 1031–1060, Jul. 1997.<br />

[6] A. Osseiran and A. Logothetis, ‘Smart Antenna in a WCDMA Radio<br />

Network System: Modeling and Evaluations, IEEE transaction on<br />

Antennas and propagation Vol.54,No 11 November, 2006 pp. 3302-<br />

3316<br />

.<br />

<br />

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