Determination of Minimal Depth in Ystad Port for ... - Baltic Master

Determination of Minimal Depth in Ystad 

Port for Maximal Expected Ferries 

(T=6.3m) 

Lucjan Gucma 

Marine Traffic Engineering Institute 

Maritime University of Szczecin 

POLAND


POLAND 

Aim of researches (Piast & Wolin) 

• 2 ferries 

• safety 

• optimization 

• conditions 

• other 

aspects 

Line of previous berths 

B4 

B1 

B3 

Breakwater 

to shorten 

Additional 

breakwater 

400m


POLAND 

• New no. 6 berth 

• Safety of manouevring aspects 

• Conditions of safe operation 

• extreme wind 

• other ships presence 

• Fenders recomandation 

• Propeller stream bottom protection 

Aim of researches (m/f Skania) 

B4 

B1 B2 B3


POLAND 

Characteristic ships 

m/f WOLIN 

Building year 

Building yard 

Owner 

Operator 

Length (LOA/LPP) 

Breadth 

Draft (Ballast/Summer LL) 

DWT 

GT (Net/Gross) 

Machinery 

Propeller 

Speed 

Number of passengers 

Number of railway tracks 

Length of railway tracks 

Port of registry 

Flag 

1986 / 2002 

Moss Rosenberg, Norway (#204) 

Polsteam 

Unity Line (Swinoujscie-Trellborg) 

186,02 m / 188,88 m 

23,7 m 

5,64 m / 5,9 m 

5143 t 

16.925 / 22.874 

4 * MAN-B&W 6L 40/45 

2 variable pitch propeller @ 

150rpm 

15,5 / 18 kn. 

364 

5 

817 m / 650 m 

Nassau 

Bahamas


POLAND 


m/f PIAST 

Operator 

Length - LOA 

Breadth 

Draft 

Displacement 

DWT 

Machinery 

Propeller 

Speed 

Rudder 

Bowthrusters 

Sternthruster 

Unity Line 

207 m 

27 m 

6.3 m 

22100 t 

8000 

21.600kW at 500rpm, 

2 propellers turning inside, dia.=4.9m 

rpm 145 

21.2kn +/-15% 

2x70deg. active 

2x2.300kW 

1x1.200kW


POLAND 


m/f Skania 

former Eurostar Roma former Superfast I (build 1995)


POLAND 

m/f Skania parameters 

Parameter 

Draft 

Length between perpendiculars 

Length overall 

Breadth 

Main engines nominal power (4 x Wärtsilä NSD 12 ZAV 40S) 

RPM of main engines 

Propeller type (4 bladed) 

Time required for main engine to run maximal RPM from 0 RPM 

Maximal rudder’s angle 

Lateral windward area 

Transverse windward area 

Total power of bow thrusters 

Total power of sternthrusters 

Full sea speed ahead 

Value 

6,3 

158 

173,7 

24,0 

4x7920 

156 

Controllable pitch 

44 

45 

~2800 

~550 

2800 

0 

27 

[m] 

[m] 

[m] 

[m] 

[kW] 

[1/min] 

[-] 

[s] 

[st.] 

[m 2 ] 

[m 2 ] 

[kW] 

[kW] 

[kt]


POLAND 

Simulation 

model 

Probabilistic approach to manoeuvring area evaluation 

Ferry database: 

• Polonia 

• Skania 

• Gryf 

• Wolin 

• Jan Sniadecki 

• Stena Britannica 

• Stena Baltica 

• Piast 

• Boomerang


POLAND 

Simulation model PC based 

Interface 

m/f Skania entering Ystad


POLAND 

Simulation methods (wind) 

Percentage of wind shadowing by analytical model (100% = open sea) 

during strong easterly winds

Simulation methods 

Real time simulators – full mission simulator – manouevring course 


POLAND


POLAND 


Real time simulators – full mission simulator – manouevring course 

Maritime Traffic Engineering Centre

Maneuvering technique 

(m/f Piast & m/f Wolin) 


POLAND


POLAND 

Maneuvering technique m/f Skania 

Gray – entrance 

White – departure 

Blue – moored ships (soft)


POLAND 

Research plan of m/f „Wolin” in Ystad (simulation series) 

Series 

Manoeuvre 

Turning 

place 

Berth 

Wind 

Current 

Sim. start 

0 

Entrance 

Outside 

3 

0 

0 

avanport 

1 

Entrance 

Outside 

1 

E 20m/s 

270/0,3w 

approach 

2 

Entrance 

Outside 

3 

E 20m/s 

270/0,3w 

avanport 

3 

Entrance 

Outside 

4 

E 20m/s 

270/0,3w 

avanport 

4 

Entrance 

Outside 

1 

W 20m/s 

90/0,4w 

approach 

5 

Entrance 

Outside 

3 

W 20m/s 

90/0,4w 

avanport 

6 

Entrance 

Outside 

4 

W 20m/s 

90/0,4w 

avanport 

7 

Entrance 

Outside 

3 

S 18m/s 

0 

avanport 

8 

Entrance 

Outside 

3 

S 20m/s 

0 

avanport 

9 

Entrance 

Inside 

3 

S 18m/s 

0 

avanport 

10 

Departure 

no turn 

3 

S 20m/s 

0 

3


POLAND 

Research plan of m/f „Wolin” in Ystad (simulation series) 

Series 

Manoeuvre 


place 

Berth 


Current 

Sim. start 

0 

Entrance 

Outside 

3 

0 

0 

avanport 

1 

Entrance 

Outside 

1 

E 20m/s 

270/0,3w 

approach 

2 

Entrance 

Outside 

3 

E 20m/s 

270/0,3w 

avanport 

3 

Entrance 

Outside 

4 

E 20m/s 

270/0,3w 

avanport 

4 

Entrance 

Outside 

1 

W 20m/s 

90/0,4w 

approach 

5 

Entrance 

Outside 

3 

W 20m/s 

90/0,4w 

avanport 

6 

Entrance 

Outside 

4 

W 20m/s 

90/0,4w 

avanport 

7 

Entrance 

Outside 

3 

S 18m/s 

0 

avanport 

8 

Entrance 

Outside 

3 

S 20m/s 

0 

avanport 

9 

Entrance 

Inside 

3 

S 18m/s 

0 

avanport 

10 

Departure 

no turn 

3 

S 20m/s 

0 

3


POLAND 

Research plan of m/f „Piast” in Ystad (simulation series) 

Series 

Number of 

trial 

Manoeuvre 


place/side 

Berth 

no. 


Current 

Simul. start 

1 

0Wej30_2 

Entrance 

Outside 

by Port Side 

3 

0 

0 

avanport 

2 

1Wej3E20_2 

Entrance 

Outside 


3 

E 20m/s 

270/0,3w 

approach 

3 

2Wej1W20_ 

2 

Entrance 

Outside 

by Stb. Side 

1 

W 20m/s 

90/0,4w 

approach 

4 

3Wej3S12_2 

Entrance 

Outside 


3 

S 12m/s 

0 

avanport 

5 

4Wej1S18_2 

Entrance 

Outside 


1 

S 18m/s 

0 

avanport 

6 

5Wyj3S18_2 

Departure 

no turn 

3 

S 18m/s 

0 

Berth no. 3


POLAND 

Research plan of m/f Skania in Ystad (simulation series) 

Nr 

Series 

Manoeuvre 


1 

1Wej_0 

Entering 

0 

2 

3Wej_S15 


S 15m/s 

3 

4Wyj_S15 

Leaving 

S 15m/s 

4 

5Wej_W18 


W 18m/s 

5 

6Wyj_W18 


W 18m/s 

6 

7Wej_S18 


S 18m/s 

7 

8Wyj_S18 


S 18m/s


POLAND 


Horizontal manoeuvring area evaluation 

Probabilistic approach to 

manoeuvring area evaluation


POLAND 

Results m/f Skania – ships manouevring horizontal area 

Traffic lanes widths during mooring of m/f Skania ferry to berth no 6 in Ystad. Wind S 15 m/s.


POLAND 


Traffic lanes widths during mooring of m/f Skania ferry to berth no 6 in Ystad. Wind S 18 m/s.


POLAND 


Traffic lanes widths during unmooring of m/f Skania ferry from berth no 6 in Ystad. Wind S 18 m/s


POLAND 


Traffic lanes widths during unmooring of m/f Skania ferry from berth no 6 in Ystad. Wind W 18 m/s


POLAND 

Results m/f Skania – ships manouevring horizontal area


POLAND 


Real time simulators – full mission simulator 

Traffic lanes (entrance E20m/s Piast)


POLAND 

Propeller stream speed on the bottom 

S ( x, 

y) 

+∞ 

( v > vAcc) 

= ∫ fS 

( x, 

y) 

P ( v) 

dv 

v Acc 

where: 

S(x,y)-stream speed on the (x,y) point of the bottom 

f S 

(v)-distribution of propeller stream speed on the bottom


POLAND 


Covering of propeller stream by the engineering structure


POLAND 


43900 

43800 

43700 

16900 17000 17100 17200 17300 17400 17500 

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4 .5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 [m/s] 

Maximal speed of propeller stream on the bottom (entrance and berthing to berth 

no 6, wind S 18 m/s (7Wej_S18)


POLAND 


43900 

43800 

43700 

16900 17000 17100 17200 17300 17400 17500 

Sugested protection area

Fender system design and opimisation 


POLAND


POLAND 

Fender system design and opimisation 

First contact point with port structure during mooring m/f Skania ferry to berth 

no 6 in Ystad. Wind S.15 m/s.


POLAND 

Fender system design and optimisation 

Energy induced in first contact points during mooring of m/f Skania ferry to 

berth no 6 in Ystad. Wind S 15 m/s.


POLAND 

Results m/f Skania 

1. Safe berthing operations of m/f Skania at berth No 6 may be conducted only if the 

berth is not occupied. 

2. Safe berthing operations of m/f Skania at berth No 6 may be conducted if wind 

speed does not exceed 15 m/s, at occupied berths No 1 and 3. 

3. Extreme wind speed for safe berthing for m/f Skania at berth No 6 is 18 m/s, at 

occupied berths No 1 and 3. 

4. Extreme wind speed for safe unberthing for m/f Skania from berth No 6 is 18 m/s, at 

occupied berth No 3. Berth No 1 must not be occupied, especially while SE, S or W 

winds are concerned. 

5. While entering and leaving Ystad harbour at wind speed exceeded 15m/s the 

corners of berths No 1, 4 and 6 should be protected by sliding fenders of 

appropriate characteristics. 

6. Fenders at berth No 6 shall be distributed evenly. 

7. Admissible berthing energy that fenders shall withstand is not less than E adm = 200 

kNm. 

8. The maximum propeller stream velocity at bottom at berth No 6 is 6 m/s. Suggested 

area of bottom to be reinforced is presented in Fig.5.1. 

9. Masters of m/f Skania should attend manoeuvring course for Ystad harbour, using 

full mission simulator in MTEC.


POLAND 

Underkeel clearance evaluation (m/f Piast) 

P 

A 

= 

P 

SA 

+∞ 

∫ 

h 

min 

f 

s 

( s) 

ds 

Probabilistic method of underkeel evaluation 

where: 

A-accident 

f s 

(s)-extreme ships keel points horizontal distribution 

SA-serious accident


POLAND 

Underkeel clearance evaluation 

The model: 

Z 

= ( H 

0 

+ ∑ δ 

Hoi 

) − ( T + ∑δTi 

) + ( ∆ 

Swa 

+ ∑δ 

Swi 

) + δ 

N 

d Hoi 

d Ti 

d Swi 

d N 

− 

− 

− 

− 

uncertainties concerned with depth and its determination, 

uncertainties concerned with with draught and its determination, 

uncertainties concerned with water level and its determination. 

navigational clearance (constant). 

Uncertainties 

• statistical uncertainties to data 

• model uncerainties (requires validation) 

Assumptions: 

1. Squat – model 

2. Sounding error +/-0.1m 

3. Mudding +/-0.1m 

4. Water level error +/-0.1m


POLAND 

Real experiments 

GPS methods 

Location of GPS receivers on the ferry Sniadecki


POLAND 

Świnoujście wyjście 14.06 

Wartość osiadania [m] 

1 

0,9 

0,8 

0,7 

0,6 

0,5 

0,4 

0,3 

0,2 

0,1 

0 

5972550 5973550 5974550 5975550 5976550 5977550 5978550 5979550 

Szer.geogr.UTM 

Huusk 

Simard 

Millword 1 

Millword 2 

Turner 

Hooft 

Barrass 1 

Barrass 2 

Eryuzulu/Hausser 

Eryuzulu 

RTK 

główki 


RTK squat validation


RTK squat validation 


POLAND


m/f Piast speed in outer breakwater E20m/s 


POLAND


POLAND 


Assumptions 

HHW +1.65 

MHW +0.87 

MW +0.03 

MLW -0.97 

LLW -1.47 

Navigational risk: 

R 

= 

P 

A 

C 

Water level for calculations = MLW 

Ship lifetime = 15 years 

Waterway lifetime = 50 years 

Ships draught = 6.3m 

Ships speed = variable according to simulations 

Wave = 0.4m – 0m


POLAND 


Risk acceptance criteria 

P 

A 

= PSA 

PUKC


POLAND 


[m] 

10 

9.75 

9.5 

9.25 

actual depth 

9 

8.75 

8.5 

8.25 

8 

7.75 

7.5 

7.25 

7 

-200 -100 0 100 200 300 

[m] 

400 

breakwater 

Mean actual depth in given sections (sounding from fall 2007)


POLAND 


14 

12 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

0 

-600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 

-2 

-4 

Serie1 

Serie2 

Serie3 

Serie4 

Serie5 

Serie6 

Serie7 

Serie8 

Serie9 

Serie10 

Serie11 

Serie12 

Serie13 

Serie14 

Serie15 

Serie16 

Serie17 

Serie18 

mean 

-6 

Speed of ferry Piast in knots on approach with E20m/s wind (x=0 outer 

breakwater)


POLAND 


Histogram UKC and squat value 130m before heads /traverse sea wave =0,4 m/ 

Heads: Histogram UKC and squat value /traverse sea wave =0,2 m/ 

Histogram UKC and squat value 130m after heads /traverse sea wave =0,0 m/ Histogram UKC and squat value 230m after heads /traverse sea wave =0,0 m/ 

UKC of Piast ferry and squat in meters on approach with E20m/s 

wind (x=0 outer breakwater)


POLAND 


[m] 

1wej1E20_2 

2.2 

2 

1.8 

1.6 

1.4 

1.2 

1 

0.8 

0.6 

UKC_95% 

squat 

UKC_5% 

0.4 

0.2 

0 

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 [m] 350 

breakwater 

UKC on 95% and 5% level of confidence of m/f Piast approaching with 

E20m/s wind (x=0 outer breakwater)


POLAND 


Results (m/f Piast) 

[m] 

2.2 

2 

1.8 

1.6 

1.4 

1.2 

1 

0.8 

0.6 

0.4 

0.2 

0 

1wej1E20_2 

mean ukc 

st.dev. ukc 

-200 -100 0 100 200 300 

[m] 

400 

breakwater 

Mean UKC and standard deviation of UKC of Piast ferry (T=6.3m) 

entering to Ystad Port


POLAND 



Depth 

P A 

≤ P A 

− accppt 

= 

1.15*10 

−6 

Underkeel clearance of Piast 95% speed in outer breakwater E20m/s


POLAND 



[m] 

10 

9.75 

9.5 

9.25 

minimal depth 

9 

8.75 

8.5 

8.25 

8 

7.75 

7.5 

7.25 

7 

-200 -100 0 

breakwater 

100 200 [m] 300 400 

Minimal depth in Ystad port with criterion 

P A 

≤ P A 

− accppt 

= 

1.15*10 

−6


POLAND 



Web-based application


POLAND 

m/f „Polonia” ferry – some history 

Our old DOS Turbo C model 

Polonia car-passanger-train ferry (propulsion designed by our team in 1992) 

result almost no delays since 1995

Our team new work – Port of Koper (Slovenia) 


POLAND

Port of Koper (Slovenia) 


POLAND

LNG terminal Poland (Swinoujscie) 


POLAND


POLAND 

Research team: 

PhD. Eng. Jarosław Artyszuk Chief Officer 

PhD. Eng. Andrzej Bąk Chief Officer 

Prof. DSc. PhD. Eng Lucjan Gucma Chief Officer 

MSc. Eng. Maciej Gucma Chief Officer 

prof. DSc. PhD. Eng Stanisław Gucma Master Mariner 

PhD. Eng. Paweł Zalewski Chief Officer 

PhD. Eng. Stefan Jankowski Chief Officer 

PhD. Eng. Wojciech Ślączka Master Mariner 

PhD. Eng. Arkadiusz Tomczak Chief Officer 

MSc. Eng. Rafał Gralak 

MSc. Eng. Marta Schoeneich 

team leader 

Pilots and Captains taking part in researches: 

cpt. S.Klimowicz (m/f Wolin) 

cpt. K.Szewdenis (m/f Wolin) 

cpt. A.Kowalski (m/f Polonia) 

cpt. W.śukowski (m/f Skania) 

cpt. T.Dziedzic (University) 

cpt. T.Pluta (University) 

cpt. J.Hajduk (University)

Determination of Minimal Depth in Ystad Port for ... - Baltic Master

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