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Scope & S 

2013 School 

equence 

Preschool through Grade Twelve 

Numbers Skills K5 Arithmetic 

Numbers 

Skills 

Arithmetic 

Second Edition 

8 

 

Work & Prosperity 

 

 


in Christian Perspective 

Russell Kirk 

THIRD 

EDITION 

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Scope & Sequence 

Contents 

Preschool Two- & Three-Year-Olds 1 

Kindergarten Four-Year-Olds 5 

Five-Year-Olds 11 

First Grade 20 

Second Grade 31 

Third Grade 44 

Fourth Grade 57 

Fifth Grade 70 

Sixth Grade 85 

Secondary Subjects 7–12 

English 101 

Mathematics 129 

History & Geography 149 

Science & Health 168 

Bible 200 

Electives: Foreign Languages 208 

Keyboarding/Document Processing 213 

Speech 214 

Family & Consumer Sciences 215 

Art 216

Preschool 

Language Arts: Phonics 3-Year-Olds 

Letters and Sounds for 3s is a beginning ABC book for three-year-olds. 

Each new letter is introduced by an animal alphabet friend. This animal 

friend helps the child recognize the letter and learn the letter’s sound. 

Letters and Sounds for 3s is also designed to teach early writing skills. 

Children learn letter formation and practice hand-eye coordination as they 

trace or glue items to letters. 

2- & 3-Year-Olds 

Added Enrichment 

•• 

Lessons featuring 12 themes including 

circus, farm, rain forest, community 

helpers, children of the world, zoo 

•• 

Games involving parades, animals, playing 

community helpers, and more (126) 

red indicates first introduction of content. 

Phonics Skills Development 

hhRecognize each letter’s shape and sound 

Motor Skills Development 

hhPractice hand-eye coordination: 

hhTrace letter shapes 

hhGlue objects on letter shape 

hhWork puzzles 

hhFish with magnet on pole 

hhToss a beanbag 

hhIdentify articles in a bag by touch 

hhZip and unzip an item 

hhPlay games that include galloping, tightrope walking, bouncing a ball 

Creativity Development 

hhAnimal Alphabet Friends (26) 

hhRecognize letters on picture flashcards 

hhPractice letter name and sound with Amber Lamb puppet and felt 

letters 

hhLearn a song for each letter 

Language Arts: Language 2- & 3-Year-Olds 

Children love to learn new things. With the Language Development Visuals, 

children develop their language and listening skills as they learn about and 

discuss God’s creation and the people and world around them. Ninety-nine 

topics include science, health, safety, manners, community helpers, geography, 

history, family, colors, and shapes. 


• 

• Corresponding poems in most lessons 

•• 

Comprehension questions 

•• 

Learning games 

•• 

Picture flashcards (76) 

•• 

Additional activities 

•• 

Animal Alphabet Friends Flashcards (26) 


Language Skills Development 

hh 

Develop language and listening skills through 99 topical studies 

including: 

hhAnimals and their habitats: ants, arctic animals, bears, butterflies, 

birds, cats, camels, ducks, dogs, forest animals, hummingbirds, 

insects, jellyfish, jungle animals, koalas, ladybugs, lambs, mice, 

ostriches, pandas, rabbits, reptiles, underground animals, woodpeckers 

hhCountries around the world: Canada, England, Israel, Japan, 

Australia, Mexico, The Netherlands, land of Africa 

hhHealth, safety, manners: 

hhGod made me, healthy bodies, kitchen safety, manners, neighbors 

hhSenses: tasting and smelling, seeing, hearing, touching 

hhTable manners 

hhCommunity helpers: doctor, dentist, firefighter, letter carrier, 

nurse, pastor, police officer, veterinarian 

hhCharacter development: kindness, listening, obeying quickly, 

being quiet 

hhScience: apples, eggs, Edison and light bulb, flowers, garden, magnets, 

night, jungle, peanuts, pond, rain forest, rubber, sea, spring, 

fall, summer, winter, vegetables, water, wind and weather, zinnias 

hhMiscellaneous topics: rainbow colors, What color is it?, shapes and 

shape pictures, astronaut, buses and boats, cars, Eskimos, family, 

farm, games, Here we go!, groceries, house, Indians, jelly, jam, juice, 

jellybeans, kindergarten, names, olives, opposites, pairs of things, 

quarter, quilt, reading, telephone, transportation, yarn, zipper, zoo 


hhIncrease motor skills through language-driven activities: 

hhAction games such as hide-and-seek, monkey tag, jellyfish tag, and 

“Simon Says” (50) 

hhFinger plays including “Fish for Fish,” “My House,” and “The Woodpecker’s 

Home” (20) 

hhActivities involving play dough, building blocks, finger painting, 

puzzles, and more (85) 

hhColoring activities (5) 

hhDirected drawings (18) 

1 

Language cont. p. 2

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2-year-olds 

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3-year-olds 

Preschool 

Language cont. 


hhPoems (77) 

hh 

Games involving feeding animals, pretending to help at home, finding 

hidden items, matching pairs, and more (88) 

hh237 special activities such as: 

hhHaving certain foods for snacks 

hhActing out familiar stories 

hhBringing animals to the classroom 

hhHaving community helpers visit the classroom 

hhTaking field trips 



hhSongs such as “Old MacDonald’s Farm” and “Oh, Be Careful” (13) 

Language Arts: Poetry 2- & 3-Year-Olds 

Fun Poems and Finger Plays, a compilation of more than 120 poems and finger 

plays, includes many of the traditional poems young children have enjoyed for 

generations, together with new works in rhyme. 


•• 

Additional resource poems and finger 

plays (21) 


Skills Development 

hhMemorize poems and finger plays (42) 

hhRecite in unison 

hhDevelop use of appropriate expression 

hhBenefit from exposure to basic literature skills such as rhyming words 

hhPractice motor skills 

Numbers 2- & 3-Year-Olds 

2-year-olds 

Learning Numbers with Button Bear 

Learning 

Numbers 

with 

Learning Numbers with Button Bear is a number-recognition and coloring book especially 

designed for two-year-olds. This text helps children to listen, follow directions, 

and practice hand-eye coordination as they learn number concepts 1–10. 

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3-year-olds Numbers & Skills with Button Bear 

Numbers 

& 

Skills 

with 

Numbers and Skills with Button Bear helps three-year-olds sharpen their 

listening skills, follow directions, and practice hand-eye coordination 

as they learn number concepts 1–15. Children enjoy tracing pathways, 

doing dot-to-dot, and coloring large, simple forms on these skill sheets. 

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Numbers Skills Development 

2-Yr.-Olds 

hhCount from 1–25 

hhUnderstand number concepts 1–10: 

hhCounting objects 

hhNumber recognition 

hhProper sequence 

2 

3-Yr.-Olds 

•• 

Review counting from 1–25 

hhCount from 26–30 

•• 

Review number concepts 1–10 

hhUnderstand number concepts 11–15: 

hhCounting objects 

hhNumber recognition 

hhProper sequence 

Numbers cont. p. 3

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3-year-olds 

Preschool 

Numbers cont. 


2-Yr.-Olds 

hhJump and clap a given number of times 

hhMarch and hop while counting to a given number 

hhColor given pictures 

3-Yr.-Olds 

•• 

Break a piñata 

•• 

Jump and clap a given number of times 

•• 

March and hop while counting to a given number 

•• 

Color 

hhTrace and follow dot-to-dots 


2-Yr.-Olds 



hhLearn each number using Button Bear puppet 

hhCount felt objects, paper objects such as acorns, flowers, apples, 

leaves, points on a caribou’s antlers, money pieces, and toy animals 

hhApply skills and concepts in activities such as counting animals, 

picking apples, delivering the mail, and feeding peanuts to an 

“elephant” (64 games) 

3-Yr.-Olds 

•• 

Learn each number using Button Bear puppet 

hhPractice number recognition and concepts with puppet, 

felt numbers, and objects 

hhApply skills and concepts in activities such as placing dots on ladybug, 

shopping in a grocery store, delivering the mail, building a turtle shell, 

and gathering eggs (76 games) 

Bible 2- & 3-Year-Olds 

Preschool Bible Coloring Sheets provide a review for Bible stories that children have 

heard during Bible time. These 40 coloring sheets are assigned in the Preschool Curriculum 

to be done during Skills Development time. 

´0~O!J¨ 

Large, colorful A Beka Book Flash-a-Cards are designed to hold each 

child’s interest as he learns about God and His Son, Jesus. Selected Old 

and New Testament lessons are presented using Old Testament Stories, 

Series 1 & 2, and New Testament Stories, Series 1 & 2. 

Preschoolers will also enjoy learning about the first Thanksgiving, the 

birth of Christ, and Christ’s resurrection while viewing the Holiday Stories 

Flash-a-Cards. At the end of the year, a cumulative review of Bible lessons 

will help children remember what they have learned. 

Evaluation 

•• 

Memory verses (not graded) 


Lessons 174 A Beka Flash-a-Cards 

hhOld Testament lessons (18): 

hhFeature biblical events and people including: Creation, Adam 

and Eve, Noah, Abraham, Isaac (2), Joseph, Moses, Hannah, 

Samuel, David (3), Elijah, Elisha and Naaman, Daniel, Queen 

Esther, Jonah 

hhNew Testament lessons (22): 

hhInclude events in the life of Christ and some of the stories Jesus 

told such as Jesus’ Boyhood, Follow Me, First Miracle, Woman 

at Well, Nobleman’s Son, Fishing with Jesus, Jesus Heals 

Paralyzed Man, Beside the Pool, Jesus Stills the Storm, Jairus’s 

Daughter, Feeding Five Thousand, Jesus Walks on Water, Blind 

Bartimaeus, Ten Lepers, Good Samaritan, Lost Lamb, Prodigal 

Son, Jesus Loves the Children, Rich Young Ruler, Zacchaeus, 

Friends at Bethany, Heaven 

hhHoliday lessons (7): 

hhCover the First Thanksgiving, Birth of Jesus, Shepherds See the 

Savior, Wise Men Worship Jesus, Triumphal Entry and Last Supper, 

Christ’s Crucifixion and Resurrection, Jesus Appears Alive and 

Returns to Heaven 

Music 37 songs 

hhChoruses, holiday songs, patriotic songs 

Memory Work 

•• 

Place stickers on verse chart after correctly reciting verse: 

hh2- and 3-yr.-olds: new verses (10 each) 

• 

• 3-yr.-olds: review verses (9) 

Prayer Time 

hhLearn to pray with thanksgiving 

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Preschool 

Music 2- & 3-Year-Olds 


Fun Songs for Little Ones contains 50 songs including both traditional and 

newer songs young children love. The sing-along CD makes song time easy 

for the teacher and enjoyable for the children. 


Skills Development 50 songs 

hhReinforce letters and numbers being taught 

hhUnderstand message of the song 

hhImprove coordination by using motions to keep time with words 

hhBenefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest: making 

appropriate animal sounds; using hand motions; placing their 

name in a song 

Variety of Songs to Memorize 

hhAnimal songs, motion songs, seasonal songs 

hhFun songs about the alphabet, character building, colors, counting, 

family, and food 

Arts & Crafts 2- & 3-Year-Olds 

Preschool 

2-year-olds 

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2s K4 

2-yr-olds 

Arts & Crafts with Button Bear has 

been designed to give two-year-olds 

delightful opportunities to enjoy art as 

they develop motor skills. The variety 

of projects, which introduces young 

children to basic art and craft concepts, 

correlates with academics, Bible teaching, 

seasons, and holidays. 

Child Art for 2s gives children additional 

art sheets emphasizing coloring skills. 

Preschool 

3-year-olds 

´0sS!@¨ 

3-yr-olds 

The colorful projects in Arts & Crafts with 

Amber Lamb give three-year-olds delightful 

opportunities to enjoy art and develop motor 

skills while they paint, glue, and color projects 

with seasonal, biblical, and fun themes. 

Three-year-olds learn colors and shapes, 

learn how to follow directions, and develop 

hand-eye coordination with the projects in 

Child Art for 3s. Pictures have been drawn 

with wide, colorful lines in simple styles with 

the preschooler in mind. 

´0sC!w¨ 


•• 

Child Art for 2s: coloring pages that 

coordinate with themed topics 

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• 

• Child Art for 3s: 

•• 

Coloring pages that coordinate with themed 

topics 

•• 

Occasional poems to enhance coloring page 


2-Yr.-Olds 51 projects 

hhRecognize 8 colors: red, yellow, blue, green, purple, orange, black, 

brown 

hhRecognize 4 shapes: square, circle, rectangle, triangle 

hhApply proper colors to guided practice activities 

hhReinforce Language Development topics 

hhColoring, gluing, taping, applying glitter 

3-Yr.-Olds 52 projects 

•• 

Review 8 colors and 4 shapes 

hhAssociate groups of objects with colors 

hhDevelop comprehension by answering thinking questions 

4 

•• 

Reinforce Language Development topics 

•• 

Gluing, coloring 

hhFolding 

•• 

Applying glitter 

Technique Development 

2-Yr.-Olds 

hhColoring in the lines 

hhFinger painting, sponge painting 

3-Yr.-Olds 

•• 

Coloring in the lines, gluing, finger painting, sponge painting 

hh3-D Objects

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K4 

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Kindergarten 

Language Arts: Phonics 

K4 Phonics 

and Numbers 

Fifth Edition 

Children have been introduced to some 

K4 concepts in preschool curriculum. 

ABC-123 contains brightly-colored exercises that will appeal to 4-year-olds 

and reinforce their beginning phonics and reading skills. 

Writing with Phonics K4 provides phonics practice later in the year. 


4-Year-Olds 


•• 

A Beka Book games (19) 

•• 

Additional games and activities (45) 

•• 

Enrichment activities (37) 

•• 

Guided and independent practice 

activities 

Evaluation 

•• 

Oral evaluations (8) include letter 

recognition, blending, and reading 


hhRecognize: 

hhThe five vowels and their short sounds 

hhThe 21 consonants and their sounds 

hhThe long sounds of the five vowels 

hhBlend a consonant and vowel together (19 consonants) 

h h Sound one- and two-vowel words 

hhLearn these phonics rules: 

hhc / k rule: k goes with i and e; c goes with the other three, a, o, and u 

hhWhen c and k come together we say the sound only once 

hhs can say “s” or “z” 

hhq is always followed by u; vowel sound students hear will not be 

short u, but sound of vowel which follows u 

hhWhen a word ends in a double consonant, we say its sound only 

once 

hhOne- and two-vowel words phonetically 

hhApply phonics concepts to reading: 

hhBlends 

hhOne- and two-vowel words 

hhSimple sentences and stories 

hhLearn sight words the, a, and I 

hhLearn purpose of a story title 

hhLearn that words ending in ’s are possessive 

hhKnow to: 

hhCapitalize letters at beginning of sentences 

hhPlace period at end of sentences 

hhApply phonics concepts through abundant guided and independent 

practice activities including: 

hhLetter picture recognition and association 

hhBlend and word association with picture 

hhSound recognition 

hhDictation for developing sound recognition and spelling application 

Language Arts: Reading 

Little Books 1–12 and Animal Friends Books 1–8 are the basis of the K4 

reading program. The Little Books give children practice reading letters, 

words, and simple sentences. Each book is short enough to complete 

in two or three sessions. Later, students are thrilled to be able to read 

simple stories in their very own Animal Friends readers. 

Materials 

•• 

Readers (20) 

•• 

Letter Picture Flashcards, 

Blend Practice Cards A, and 

One-Vowel Word Cards for review 



hhApply phonics sounds and rules 

hhAchieve accuracy 

hhImprove comprehension 

hhRead sight words the, a, I 

hhReceive differentiated instruction with ability grouping 

hhSuccessfully follow along with oral readers 

hhBuild oral skills including: 

hhAccuracy 

hhExpressive reading 

hhSmoothness 

hhAppropriate pace 

5 

Reading cont. p. 6

Kindergarten 

Reading cont. 

Readers 

•• 

Little Book 1 practices 5 vowels (names and sounds); includes a 

written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters 

•• 

Little Book 2 practices 5 vowels, and consonants m, s, and r 

(names and sounds); practices blending consonants m, s, and r 

with a vowel and reading a one-vowel word; includes a written 

exercise matching capital with lowercase letters, matching letters 

with pictures beginning with that sound, and pictures to color 

•• 

Little Book 3 reviews 5 vowels, m, r, and s; practices b and t, 

blending b and t with a vowel and reading one-vowel words for 

each; combines these letters to read one short sentence; includes 

a written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters, matching 

letters with pictures beginning with that sound, and pictures 

to color 

•• 

Little Book 4 reviews 5 vowels, m, r, s, t, and b; practices f and g, 

blending f and g with a vowel and reading one-vowel words for 

each; combines these letters to read one short sentence; includes 

a written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters, matching 

letters with pictures beginning with that sound, and pictures 

to color 

•• 

Little Book 5 reviews 5 vowels, f, t, b, s, and g; practices p and 

h, blending p and h with several vowels and reading several onevowel 

words; combines these letters to read one short sentence; 

includes a written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters, 

matching letters with pictures beginning with that sound, and 

pictures to color 

•• 

Little Book 6 reviews 5 vowels, p, f, h, b, and g; practices l and c, 

blending l and c with several vowels and reading several onevowel 





•• 

Little Book 7 reviews 5 vowels, c, l, p, h, and m; practices k and 

n, blending k and n with several vowels and reading several onevowel 





•• 

Little Book 8 reviews 5 vowels, r, l, c, n, and k; practices d and j, 

blending d and j with several vowels and reading several onevowel 





4-Year-Olds 


•• 

Little Book 9 reviews 5 vowels, s, j, n, d, and k; practices y and v, 

blending y and v with several vowels and reading several one-vowel 

words; combines these letters to read one short sentence; includes a 

written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters, matching letters 


•• 

Little Book 10 reviews 5 vowels, d, j, y, v, and t; practices w and z, 

blending w and z with several vowels and reading several one-vowel 

words; combines these letters to read one short sentence; includes a 

written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters, matching letters 


•• 

Little Book 11 reviews 5 vowels, v, w, y, and z; practices w and z, blending 

w and z with several vowels and reading many one-vowel words; 

combines these letters to read one short sentence including sight 

word the; includes a written exercise matching capital with lowercase 

letters, matching words with pictures, and pictures to color 

•• 

Little Book 12 reviews 5 vowels, w, x, z, and q; practices reading several 

words and short sentences including sight words a and the which 

make up two stories; includes a written exercise matching words with 

pictures and pictures to color 

•• 

Tip and Gus are readers that include a warm-up with several one-vowel 

words, a review of sight words a and the, the “z” sound for the letter s 

sometimes, and a story made up of one-vowel words and sight words. 

•• 

The reader Tess and Bess includes a warm-up with several one-vowel 

words, a review of sight words a and the, and a story made up of these 

and other one-vowel words and sight words, observing new punctuation, 

and practicing appropriate expression 

•• 

Matt the Rat includes a warm-up with several one-vowel words many 

of them ending in double consonants, blending two consonants, a 

review of sight words I, a, and the, and a story made up of these and 

other one-vowel words, rhyming words, and sight words. 

•• 

Pet Pete practices one- and two-vowel rules; includes several (5) 

exercises for phonetically marking short and long sounds in one- and 

two-vowel words and a story made up of these and other words; 

encourages observing new punctuation and practicing appropriate 

expression 

•• 

Jake practices one- and two-vowel rules; includes several (4) exercises 

for phonetically marking short and long sounds in one- and two-vowel 

words and a story made up of these and other words 

•• 

Dave and A Pal practice many one- and two-vowel words; each 

includes a story made up of many one- and two-vowel words 

6

Kindergarten 

Language Arts: Language 

The Language Development Teacher Guide and 76 accompanying picture 

flashcards provide a delightful way for children to expand their language skills 

as they learn new vocabulary words, increase listening skills as they hear new 

information and then answer questions, and strengthen motor skills as they 

participate in fun games and activities. By learning about the world around 

them, children will develop an appreciation for God’s creation. 



•• 

Picture flashcards (76) 

• 

4-Year-Olds 

• Corresponding poems in most lessons 

•• 

Comprehension questions, learning 

games, additional activities 

•• 

Animal Alphabet Friends Flashcards (26) 

(optional) 


hhDevelop language and listening skills through 99 topical studies 

including: 

hhAnimals and their habitats: ants, arctic animals, bears, butterflies, 

birds, cats, camels, ducks, dogs, forest animals, hummingbirds, 

insects, jellyfish, jungle animals, koalas, ladybugs, lambs, mice, 

ostriches, pandas, rabbits, reptiles, underground animals, woodpeckers 

hhCountries around the world: Canada, England, Israel, Japan, 

Australia, Mexico, The Netherlands, land of Africa 

hhHealth, safety, manners: 

hhGod made me, healthy bodies, kitchen safety, manners, neighbors 

hhSenses: tasting and smelling, seeing, hearing, touching 

hhCommunity helpers: doctor, dentist, firefighter, letter carrier, 

nurse, pastor, police officer, veterinarian 

hhCharacter development: kindness, listening, obeying quickly, 

being quiet 

hhScience: apples, eggs, Edison and light bulb, flowers, garden, 

magnets, night, jungle, peanuts, pond, rain forest, rubber, sea, 

spring and fall seasons, summer and winter seasons, vegetables, 

water, wind and weather, zinnias 

hhMiscellaneous topics: rainbow colors, What color is it?, shapes and 

shape pictures, astronaut, buses and boats, cars, Eskimos, family, 

farm, games, Here we go!, groceries, house, Indians, jelly, jam, juice, 

jellybeans, names, olives, opposites, pairs of things, quarter, quilt, 

reading, telephone, transportation, yarn, zipper, zoo 


hhAction games (50), finger plays (20) 

hhActivities such as dress-up, puzzles, working with play dough, making 

and flying a kite (85) 

hhColoring activities and directed drawings (23) 


hhPoems (78) 

hhGames about feeding animals, practicing table manners and household 

chores, counting different objects, and more (87) 

hhAdditional activities such as identifying and associating tastes and 

sounds, acting out familiar stories, making apple prints, listening to 

recorded animal sounds (238) 

hhSongs (13) 

Language Arts: Cursive Writing 

Kindergartners love to “write like Mom and Dad.” In the ABC Writing Tablet and 

Writing with Phonics K4, they practice tracing and then writing the lowercase letters 

of the alphabet and 12 capital letters in cursive. By the end of the year, they 

are writing blends and words and their own first name. 



hhAchieve: 

hhGood writing posture, proper pencil hold, and slanted paper position 

hhCareful writing 

hhCorrect letter placement and formation 

hhIncreased hand-eye coordination through tracing 

hhGood overall appearance 

hhWriting first name 

hhCorrectly write: 

hh26 lowercase letters and 12 capital letters 

hhBlends and one-vowel words 

hhSmooth connections between difficult letter blends 

hhFollow step-by-step instruction using key strokes: waves, loops, ovals, 

mountains 

7

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K4 

Kindergarten 

Language Arts: Poetry 

The purpose of Poetry for You and Me is to acquaint children with a wide 

variety of good poetry through classroom recitation and memorization. 

Children are exposed to poetry by well-known authors such as “A Good 

Boy” by Robert Louis Stevenson and “Hiding” by Dorothy Aldis. 

Fun Poems and Finger Plays includes simple rhymes coupled with finger 

actions. Instead of singing the rhyme, the children act out the finger 

play. Finger plays have a twofold purpose: to entertain and to teach 

through play. They instruct, aid motor control and observation skills, 

and help the memory span. 


4-Year-Olds 


•• 

Poems and finger plays (94): 

•• 

Build appreciation for biblical 

creation 

•• 

Present and encourage good 

character traits 

•• 

Additional resource poems and finger 

plays (21) 

•• 

Poetry is part of activity time which 

also includes drama (acting out 

children’s stories and nursery rhymes), 

music, Bible Activity book, and art. 

Included in daily lesson plans. 


hhMemorize 22 poems, 4 finger plays, and 12 nursery rhymes 

including actions and motions 

hhDevelop appreciation and enjoyment of a wide variety of appealing 

rhymes and classic poetry 

hhRecite in unison 

hhGain confidence performing in front of an audience 

hhDevelop use of appropriate expression 

hhIncrease comprehension through questions that encourage listening 

and thinking skills 

hhIdentify with main characters 

hhBenefit from exposure to basic literature skills such as rhyming words 

hhPractice motor skills and observation skills 

hhGain vocabulary enrichment such as understanding and producing 

rhyming words and opposite words 

Numbers 

´-u9!Z¨ 

K4 Phonics 

and Numbers 

Fifth Edition 

In K4, children learn to recognize and understand the concepts of numbers. By 

the end of the year, they will be able to count from 1 to 100, recognize numbers 

1–20, distinguish before and after numbers, and answer simple combinations. 

ABC-123 has practice pages that reinforce the concepts and the formation of 

numbers 1 to 20 by having children count and color familiar objects. 



•• 


•• 

Additional games (36) 

•• 


•• 

Many guided and independent practice 

activities 

Numbers 

hhEstablish building blocks of learning numbers through object 

counting 

hhRecognize numbers 1–20 

hhRecognize concepts 1–20 

hhDevelop observation, listening, and motor skills through counting 

sounds and counting while clapping, jumping, hopping 

hhCount by ones to 100 

hhWrite numbers 1–20 

hhAssociate sets of concrete objects and pictorial representations 

with numbers 

hhDevelop concepts of patterning and sequencing using colors, 

shapes, and numbers 

hhConnect numbers 1–20 in sequence by dot-to-dot 

hhComparing: 

hhLarger and smaller 

hhBefore and after 1–20 

hhMore or less 

hhLargest and smallest 1–20 

hhAddition: 

hhRecognize symbols: 

h h+ (plus) 

h h= (equal) 

hhAdd 1 to 1–9 using concrete objects 

hhAdd number 1 to numbers 1–9: 

hhOrdered and in mixed order 

hhHorizontal and vertical format 

Geometry 

hhRecognize shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle 

8

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13861401 

Kindergarten 

Developmental Skills 

4-Year-Olds 

Readiness Skills K4 includes pages that help develop children’s listening skills and motor 

coordination through activities such as following instructions, coloring, cutting, and directed 

drawing. Free art, which allows children to draw or color their own original creations on art 

paper, will also help develop visual perception and motor skills. 


Social & Personal Skills Development 

hhDevelop skills with coordinating character-building stories, including 

biblical character traits encouraging kindness, courtesy, gentleness, 

obedience, truthfulness, attentiveness, respect, good manners, 

helpfulness, cheerfulness, orderliness, diligence, dependability, 

thoughtfulness, self control, unselfishness, and generosity 

hhHealth and safety skills development: 

hhPromote: 

hhHome safety, playground safety, community safety, and recognizing 

and obeying simple traffic signs 

hhPersonal hygiene, nutrition, rest, exercise 

hhVisual perception skills development: 

hhBuilds visual perception skills through: 

hhSeparating out items in a grouping 

hhManeuvering through mazes 

hhFinding hidden shapes 

hhRecognizing and reproducing missing parts 

hhConnecting dot-to-dots, coloring by number 

hhMatching sets of items 

hhIncludes thinking questions 

hhMotor skills development: 

hhRefining motor skills through: 

hhColoring 

hhTracing 

hhCutting 

hhManipulatives such as: 

hhPlay dough, puzzles, interlocking and building blocks 

hhLacing cards and beads 

hhFollowing step-by-step instructions for directed drawing with 

placement of lines and shapes 

hhListening skills development: learn to follow step-by-step directions 

hhLanguage skills development: development of vocabulary and 

usage—recognizing 29 sets of opposites and 14 positional words with 

picture interpretation 

Bible 

Large, colorful Flash-a-Cards are used to hold the children’s interest as they learn about God 

and His Son, Jesus. Selected Old Testament stories are presented using Old Testament Stories, 

Series 1 & 2, and New Testament lessons use New Testament Stories, Series 1 & 2. Holiday Stories 

teach the events surrounding the first Thanksgiving, the birth of Christ, and the resurrection. 

Evaluation 

•• 

Memory verses and 

passage (not graded) 

K4 Bible Activity Book is correlated with the Bible stories taught in the K4 Bible curriculum. 

These 72 activities are designed to bring Bible truths to mind again during activity time later on 

in the day. Activities include counting, drawing, comparing, dot-to-dot, and color by number. 

Some activities will be used in assembling New Testament and Old Testament story books. 

´-v.!;¨ 



hhOld Testament lessons (18): 

hhFeature biblical events and people including: Adam and Eve, 

Noah, Abraham, Isaac (2), Joseph, Moses, Hannah, Samuel, 

David (3), Elijah, Elisha and Naaman, Daniel, Queen Esther, Jonah 

hhNew Testament lessons (22): 

hhInclude events in the life of Christ: Jesus’ Boyhood, Follow Me, 

First Miracle, Woman at Well, Nobleman’s Son, Fishing with Jesus, 

Jesus Heals Paralyzed Man, Beside the Pool, Jesus Stills the Storm, 

Jairus’s Daughter, Feeding Five Thousand, Jesus Walks on Water, Blind 

Bartimaeus, Jesus Loves the Children, Rich Young Ruler, Zacchaeus, 

Friends at Bethany, Heaven, Ten Lepers; also includes some stories 

Jesus told such as Good Samaritan, Lost Lamb, Prodigal Son 

hhHoliday lessons (7): 

hhCover the first Thanksgiving, Birth of Jesus, Shepherds See the 

Savior, Wise Men Worship Jesus, Triumphal Entry and Last Supper, 

Christ’s Crucifixion and Resurrection, Jesus Appears Alive and 

Returns to Heaven 

9 

Bible cont. p. 10

13858401 

K4 

Third Edition 

Kindergarten 

Bible cont. 


hhChoruses, holiday songs, patriotic songs 

Memory Work 

hhPlace sticker on verse chart after correctly reciting verse: 

hhNew verses (26) and new passage: The Lord’s Prayer 

Doctrinal Drill 

4-Year-Olds 

hhIncrease Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, salvation, 

heaven, assurance of salvation 

Prayer Time 


hhLearn to pray with thanksgiving for God’s creation, each other, school, 

parents, and country 

Music 

Preschool Fun Songs contains traditional songs that boys and girls have enjoyed 

singing for generations—songs that are part of our rich American heritage. 

These songs are mixed with fun, new songs that will appeal to all children. 



•• 

Activities that spark and keep 

interest: 

•• 

Making animal sounds 

•• 

Reinforcing alphabet and numbers 

1–10 musically 

•• 

Activities encouraging interaction 

and social skills 

•• 

Singing poetry 


hhExercise creativity acting out story in song 

hhDevelop motor skills through motion songs 

hhFollow a song leader and stay together with classmates or CD 


hhAnimal songs, Mother Goose rhymes, songs to act out, motion songs, 

finger plays, songs with character-building and biblical principles, 

holiday songs, and other fun songs 

Arts & Crafts 

Art Projects K4 provides children with 36 bright, colorful projects which include 

coloring, painting, cutting, and gluing. Practicing these skills will aid in the 

development of small-muscle coordination. 

´-ut!=¨ 


Skills & Concept Development 36 projects 

hhDevelop fine motor skills with: 

hhGluing 

hhColoring 

hhFolding 

hhIncorporating moving parts 

hhApplying glitter 

hhCutting 

hhTracing 

hhIncrease listening skills through following step-by-step instructions 

to complete more difficult projects 

hhDrawing 

hhWriting their name 

hhProjects include: animal, seasonal, and scriptural themes 

hhProjects promote: 

hhCreativity with puppets 

hhEncourage storytelling and drama 

hhRecitation of poetry and rhymes 

hhMaking projects that visualize songs 


hhFinger painting (5 lessons) 

hh3-D objects (4) 

hhColoring with chalk (2) 

hhAssembling cards and puzzles 

10

99201001 

K5 

vt 

´•4*!h¨ 

Kindergarten 

Letters and Sounds K5 

Language Arts: Phonics K5 & AK5 

Ff 

sand ˘ 

sea/ ¯ 

fi˘ 


fish ˘ 

Students enjoy the varied activities found in Letters and Sounds K5 as they 

learn and review vowel and consonant sounds, blends, one- and two-vowel 

words, words with special sounds, and sentence comprehension. 

dragonf ˘ ˘ ly 

frog ˘ 


mushroom ˘ 

leaf ¯ / 


5-Year-Olds 


•• 

A Beka Book games (K5 18 /AK5 16) 

•• 

Additional games and activities 

(K5 56 /AK5 59) 

•• 

Enrichment activities (K5/AK5 9) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Graded written papers to check comprehension 

of concepts (20) 

•• 

Oral evaluations (11; to determine individual 

application of phonics concepts in reading blends 

and words) 


K5 

•• 

Master: 

•• 

The five vowels and their short and long sounds using letter sound 

association 

•• 

The 21 consonants and their sounds using letter sound association 

•• 

Blend a consonant and vowel together 

•• 

Sound one- and two-vowel words 

•• 

Master one- and two-vowel rules 

•• 

Learn and review these phonics rules: 

•• 

c / k rule: k goes with i and e; c goes with the other three, a, o, and 

u. 

•• 

When c and k come together, we say the sound only once. 

•• 

s can say “s” or “z.” 

•• 

q is always followed by u. Vowel sound students hear will not be 

short u, but sound of vowel which follows u. 

•• 

When a word ends in a double consonant, we say its sound only 

once. 

hhRecognize and read 49 special sounds and clue words (special 

sounds include 27 consonant blends, 5 consonant digraphs, 5 diphthongs, 

and 12 letters / letter groups that say a special sound) 

hhLearn the following rules for special sounds: 

hhck follows a short vowel. 

hhe and o say their long sound when they are only vowel at end of 

short word; y says long i when only vowel at end of short word. 

hhth in thick is a whisper sound and very quiet; th in this is a voiced 

sound and louder. 

hhsh and ch can come at the beginning or end of a word. 

hhou usually comes in the middle of a word. 

•• 

Mark: 

•• 

One- and two-vowel words phonetically 

hhSpecial sounds phonetically 

•• 

Apply phonics concepts to reading: 

•• 

Blends 

•• 

One- and two-vowel words 

•• 

Simple sentences and stories 

hhWords with special sounds 

hhCompound words 

hhApply phonics concepts to spell dictated words, including words with 

two different ending consonants (band) 

•• 

Review the sight words the, a, and I 

hhLearn to read the sight words to, do, and of 

•• 

Learn purpose of a story title 

•• 

Recognize words that rhyme 

•• 

Learn that words ending in ’s are possessive 

•• 

Know to: 

•• 

Capitalize letters at beginning of sentences 

•• 

Place period at end of sentences 

hhPlace exclamation point or question mark at end of sentences 

•• 

Apply phonics concepts through abundant guided and independent 

practice activities including: 

•• 

Letter picture recognition and association 

•• 

Blend and word association with picture 

hhAssociate sentence with picture 

hhColor by letter and sound 

hhDecode hidden pictures through letters and sounds 

•• 

Sound recognition 

•• 

Choose the correct ending sound / letter 

•• 

Choose the correct beginning sound/letter 

•• 

Dictation for developing sound recognition and spelling application 

hhWord recognition with creative drawing 

hhFinish the sentence 

hhOrder words correctly to finish a sentence 

Advanced K5 

hhAK5 students learn all of the sounds and rules that are taught in 

regular K5. AK5 students also learn and apply 83 additional special 

sounds, including 11 suffixes and 5 prefixes (special sounds include 

27 consonant blends, 5 diphthongs, 9 consonant digraphs, and 75 

letters / letter groups that say a special sound) 

11

K5 

K5 

This book belongs to me: 

Basic Phonics Reading Program 

Kindergarten 


5-Year-Olds 

I Can 

Read Well 

I Do Read 

Book 1 

K5a 


I Learn 

to Read 




58 words 

The Basic Phonics Readers are twelve small readers that are an excellent introduction to reading. 

The stories and word pages are correlated with the phonics sounds that are presented in class, 

beginning with one-vowel words and then progressing to two-vowel words. Kindergartners are 

thrilled with how rapidly they are able to move from one reader to the next. Students will gain a 

firm foundation in reading and develop a love for books that will last a lifetime. 

Materials 

•• 

My Blend and Word Book contains 

blends, one- and two-vowel words, 

words with simple consonant blends 

and digraphs 

•• 

Readers (K5 13 readers / AK5 17 readers) 

•• 

Family Fun optional readers (AK5 7) 

•• 

Primary Bible Reader (AK5) 

•• 

The Bridge Book (AK5 83 stories) 

Evaluation 

•• 

K5 oral reading grades taken 

bi-weekly beginning second 

semester 

•• 

AK5 oral reading grades taken 

bi-weekly beginning second six 

weeks 




Reading Skills Development 

K5 Readers 14 readers 

hhRead and decode by applying phonics sounds, 47 special sounds, 

rules, and 12 sight words 

•• 

Improve: accuracy, correct enunciation, expression, comprehension 

hhStrive for: smoothness, fluency, appropriate volume, alertness to 

punctuation 

•• 

Receive differentiated instruction with ability grouping 

•• 

I Learn to Read, Book 1 practices 5 vowels (names and sounds); 

blends consonants and vowels; practices reading one-vowel words, 

words ending in double consonants, sight word the, and one short 

sentence; includes an oral comprehension question 

•• 

I Learn to Read, Book 2 practices 5 vowels, blending consonants and 

vowels, reading one-vowel words, sight word a, phrases, and several 

short sentences; practices use of apostrophes, words ending in two 

different consonants, and the “z” sound for the letter s sometimes; 

includes observing new punctuation and practicing appropriate 

expression; includes oral comprehension questions 

•• 

I Learn to Read, Book 3 practices blends, reading one-vowel words, 

sight word to and several short sentences; includes observing new 

punctuation, practicing appropriate expression, and answering oral 

comprehension questions 

•• 

I Learn to Read, Book 4 practices one- and two-vowel rules, reading 

short and long vowel sounds; demonstrates phonetically marked 

vowels; reading similar one- and two-vowel words, sight words, and 

several short sentences; includes observing punctuation and practicing 

appropriate expression and oral comprehension questions 

•• 

I Do Read, Book 1 practices blends, adding double consonants, and 

blending two different consonants; contains 5 little stories reading 

one- and two-vowel rules, sight words, and several short sentences, 

use of apostrophes, two consonants; includes observing punctuation, 

practicing appropriate expression, and answering oral comprehension 

questions 

•• 

I Do Read, Book 2 contains 9 little stories reading one- and twovowel 

rules, sight words including to, several short sentences, words 

ending in two different consonants; includes observing punctuation, 

practicing appropriate expression, and answering oral comprehension 

questions 

•• 

I Do Read, Book 3 contains 11 little stories reading one- and twovowel 

words, sight words including I, was, and of, words ending in 

two consonants, simple compound words, and simple consonant blends 

found at the beginning of a word such as st in stop and bl in block; 

includes observing punctuation, practicing appropriate expression, and 

answering oral comprehension questions 

•• 

I Do Read, Book 4 contains 8 stories reading one- and two-vowel words, 

sight words including says, words ending in two consonants, simple 

compound words, and words beginning with simple consonant blends; 

includes observing punctuation, use of apostrophes, practicing smooth 

reading and appropriate expression, and answering oral comprehension 

questions 

•• 

I Can Read Well, Book 1 contains 11 stories reading one- and two-vowel 

words, sight words, words ending in two consonants, simple consonant 

blend words containing special sounds such as fl in flake, gl in glue, 

bl in block, cl in clock, pl in plane, and sl in sleep; developing appropriate 

expression, and answering oral comprehension questions 

•• 


words, sight words; practices words ending in two consonants, more 

difficult consonant blend words containing special sounds such as br 

in bride, cr in crab, dr in drum, and pr in pray; developing appropriate 

expression, and answering oral comprehension questions 

•• 


words, sight words; practices words ending in two consonants, words 

with diphthongs, and many more difficult consonant blend words containing 

special sounds such as sh in ship, sm in smoke, st in stop, ay in 

pray, pl in plane, sw in swim, gl in glue, tr in train, fl in flake, cl in clock, 

squ in squeak, scr in scream, dr in drum, cr in crab, str in stream, sp in 

spade, spl in splash, ch in church, thr in three, tw in twins, th in thick, th 

in this, o in go; developing appropriate expression, and answering oral 

comprehension questions 

•• 


words, sight words including Bible, are, they, and from, words ending 

in two consonants, simple compound words, words with digraphs, 

diphthongs, and consonant blend words containing special sounds such 

as sh in ship, st in stop, ay in pray, pr in pray, pl in plane, sw in swim, gl 

in glue, tr in train, fl in flake, cl in clock, squ in squeak, scr in scream, dr 

in drum, cr in crab, bl in block, str in stream, sn in snack, ch in church, thr 

in three, tw in twins, th in thick, th in this, o in go, ow in owl, ou in out, 

ar in stars, ir in bird, fr in frog, ur in nurse, er in verse, ow in bowl, sc in 

scat, sk in skate, sp in spade, br in bride, gr in grin, oo in book, wor in 

worms, igh in night, or in morning; developing appropriate expression 

and answering oral comprehension questions 

12 

Reading cont. p. 13

Kindergarten 

Reading cont. 

•• 

I Can Read Well, Book 5, Our Week contains one story divided into 7 

little stories reading one- and two-vowel words, sight words, words 

ending in two consonants, words with digraphs, diphthongs, and 

consonant blend words containing special sounds (from Basic Phonics 

Charts 6–8) such as sh in ship, st in stop, ay in pray, pr in pray, 

pl in plane, gl in glue, tr in train, cl in clock, sl in sleep, y in fly, dr in 

drum, sn in snack, ch in church, th in this, e in me, o in go, ou in out, 

ar in stars, ir in bird, fr in frog, ur in nurse, ow in bowl, br in bride, 

oo in book, wor in worms, igh in night, or in morning, and more 

advanced words; developing appropriate expression, and answering 

oral comprehension questions 

Advanced K5 Readers 17 readers 

hh 

Read and decode by applying phonics sounds, 132 special sounds, 

rules, and 12 sight words 

•• 

Improve: accuracy, correct enunciation, expression, comprehension 

hh 

Strive for: smoothness, fluency, appropriate volume, alertness to 

punctuation, appropriate pace, poise 

•• 


•• 

Basic Phonics Readers (13) 

•• 

The Little Pie includes practice words and sight words; contains one 

longer story reading one- and two-vowel words, words with prefixes, 

suffixes, digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant blend words containing 

special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–11) including: ou 

in out, ow in owl, ank in bank, th in thick, ir in bird, st in stop, sh in 

ship, sw in swim, le in little, ear in bear, ear in ear, ang in bang, ung 

in strung, wor in worms, or in morning, ing in king, ch in church, ong 

in long, igh in night, -ed in looked, wa in wash, tch in patch, sm in 

smoke, -es in peaches, all in ball, oo in book, o in shovel, th in this, 

br in bride, o in go, thr in three, dr in drum, e in me, cr in crab, ay in 

pray, wh in whale, -ed in played, ea in leaf, fr in frog 

•• 

Jesus Helps includes practice words and sight words; contains 4 stories 

reading one- and two-vowel words, words ending in two consonants, 

words with prefixes, suffixes, digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant 

blend words containing special sounds (from Basic Phonics 

Charts 6–13) such as pr in pray, bl in block, c in city, br in bride, igh 

in night, wa in wash, wh in who, ear in earth, all in ball, alk in walk, st 

in stop, ar in stars, -ed in wanted, -ed in played, -ed in looked, sh in 

ship, ou in out, -ing in pointing, tr in train, gr in grin, th in thick, ing in 

king, ind in kind, ay in pray, ear in ear, ow in owl, oi in coin, y in fly, cr 

in crab, e in me, th in this, sm in smoke, oo in tooth, oo in book, ong 

in long, oy in boy, old in gold, ey in obey, ea in thread, le in little, a- 

in asleep, o in shovel, er in verse, ch in church, gl in glue, are in care, 

o in go, aw in saw, wh in whale, ow in bowl, tch in patch, a in adopt, 

be in because, -er in bigger, cl in clock, fr in frog 

•• 

Penny Porcupine includes practice words and sight words; contains 

one longer story reading one- and two-vowel words, words ending in 

two consonants, words with prefixes, suffixes, digraphs, diphthongs, 

and consonant blend words containing special sounds from Basic 

Phonics Charts 6–12 such as ind in kind, or in morning, kn in knot, y in 

baby, th in this, sk in skate, unk in trunk, ou in out, squ in squeak, be 

in because, pr in pray, -ly in slowly, ay in pray, ou in out, br in bride, 

igh in night, ir in bird, sh in ship, e in me, sm in smoke, oo in book, -ed 

in looked, er in verse, pl in place, th in think, st in stop, ck in duck, tr 

in train, alk in walk, y in fly, -ing in pointing, fr in frog, ear in ear, ow in 

owl, ch in church, all in ball, -ed in played, in tooth, ow in bowl, ur 

in nurse, cr in crab, oi in coin, sc in scat, o in go, -ed in wanted 

•• 

Primary Bible Reader contains selected passages from Scripture; 

students read Genesis 37:3–5, 18–20, 26–28; Genesis 39:1–6, 17–23; 

Genesis 41:1a, 14–16, 28b–30, 33–40; Genesis 42:1, 2; 43:13–16; 

45:1–10; Luke 23:32–46; 24:1–9; Acts 1:8–11; Psalm 100; and 

Psalm 23; passages include words with digraphs, diphthongs, prefixes, 

suffixes, and many consonant blend words containing special 

sounds such as ph in phone, -ly in slowly, ow in owl, -ed in played, 

13 

5-Year-Olds 


th in this, all in ball, ch in church, dr in drum, be in because, old in gold, g 

in giant, e in me, br in bride, aw in saw, er in verse, -ed in wanted, ould in 

could, c in city, ey in obey, wh in whale, ar in stars, a- in asleep, ear in ear, 

sp in spade, sl in sleep, ay in pray, th in thick, st in stop, bl in block, pr in 

pray, sh in ship, fl in flake, ew in flew, tw in twins, ought in thought, gr in 

grin, igh in night, ou in out, or in morning, kn in knot, aught in caught, ea 

in thread, -ing in pointing, y in fly, oi in coin, cr in crab, ear in earth, wr in 

wrinkle, le in little, ing in king, ea in leaf, oo in book, thr in three, ind in 

kind, o in shovel, y in baby, fr in frog, tr in train, ea in steak, arr in carry, pl 

in plane, a in adopt, a in banana, wh in who, ch in chorus, -ed in looked, 

ang in bang, -en in sharpen, al- in also, o in go, or in sailor, scr in scream, 

tion in nation, war in warm, ir in bird, -es in peaches, are in care, un- in 

unbutton, wor in worms, cl in clock, oy in boy, gl in glue, ow in bowl, ture 

in pasture, ank in bank, -ful in wonderful, wa in wash, -est in biggest, ure 

in pure 

•• 

Family Fun by the Lake, Book 1 contains one story divided into 3 parts 

reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch for: to, 

thank you, from, of, into; includes words ending in two consonants, 

practice words, digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant blend words containing 

special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–8) such as fl in flake, 

sp in spade, pl in plane, ay in pray, tr in train, st in stop, sw in swim, gr 

in grin, th in thick, sh in ship, str in stream, spl in splash, cl in clock, sk in 

skate, sm in smoke, dr in drum, thr in three, th in this, gl in glue 

•• 

Family Fun on a Hike, Book 2 contains one story divided into 4 parts 

reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch for: says, 

you, thank, do; includes words ending in two consonants, practice 

words, digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant blend words containing 

special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–8) such as fl in flake, sp in 

spade, ay in pray, tr in train, y in fly, st in stop, br in bride, ch in church, 

oo in book, ir in bird, wor in worms, ow in owl, ou in out, all in ball, oo in 

tooth, cr in crab, bl in block, oi in coin, sw in swim, gr in grin, th in thick, 

sh in ship, sk in skate, sm in smoke, dr in drum, th in this, gl in glue, sl in 

sleep, sn in snack, tw in twins, squ in squeak, ank in bank, ar in stars, ur 

in nurse, ow in bowl, igh in night, or in morning 

•• 

Family Fun at the Zoo, Book 3 contains one story divided into 4 parts 

reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch for: 

onto, two, one, two, lion, tiger, monkey, they, are; includes words using 

apostrophes, words ending in two consonants, practice words, digraphs, 

diphthongs, and consonant blend words containing special sounds (from 

Basic Phonics Charts 6–11) such as oi in coin, alk in walk, ch in church, 

ou in out, sm in smoke, all in ball, sh in ship, ur in nurse, oo in book, th 

in this, ir in bird, or in morning, igh in night, gr in grin, br in bride, dr in 

drum, cr in crab, oy in boy, tr in train, cl in clock, ay in pray, pl in plane, 

ong in long, all in ball, st in stop, sl in sleep, gl in glue, th in thick, ow in 

owl, sc in scat, oo in tooth, thr in three, str in stream, sw in swim, ar in 

stars, are in care, bl in block, ey in key 

•• 

Family Fun on the Farm, Book 4 contains one story divided into 4 parts 

reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch for: 

does, calf, mama, are, I’m, mother, from, four, said, saw, donkey, mew, 

hee-haw; includes words ending in two consonants, practice words, 

digraphs, diphthongs, suffixes, and consonant blend words containing 

special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–11) such as ar in stars, sn in 

snack, oo in tooth, br in bride, dr in drum, squ in squeak, kn in knot, -ing 

in pointing, y in baby, ay in pray, igh in night, ow in owl, sm in smoke, ow 

in bowl, tr in train, y in fly, ing in king, cl in clock, fr in frog, str in stream, 

ou in out, th in thick, sh in ship, oo in book, ink in wink, pl in plane, spl 

in splash, oi in coin, all in ball, alk in walk, sp in spade, gl in glue, gr in 

grin, ch in church, wa in wash, -ed in wanted, fl in flake, ang in bang, a 

in adopt, sw in swim, -ed in looked, aw in saw, o in go, cr in crab, or in 

morning, ew in few, le in little, ank in bank, ey in key 

•• 

Family Fun at the Beach, Book 5 contains one story divided into 5 parts 

reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch for: are, 

I’m, laughed, watch, what, they, castle, have, when, was, dolphin, ocean, 

Jesus, love; includes words ending in two consonants, practice words, 

Reading cont. p. 14

and 

16722301 

Kindergarten 

Reading cont. 

Readers cont. 

compound words, digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant blend 

words containing special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–11) 

such as -ed in played, bl in block, ow in bowl, -ing in pointing, sk in 

skate, wa in wash, alk in walk, st in stop, ar in stars, -ed in wanted, 

th in thick, kn in knot, y in baby, er in verse, ur in nurse, pr in pray, 

ay in pray, oo in book, igh in night, y in fly, a in banana, ing in king, 

ch in church, cr in crab, gr in grin, sm in smoke, o in go, pl in plane, 

le in little, -ed in looked, sh in ship, wh in whale, th in this, tr in 

train, be- in because, ow in owl, ir in bird, sc in scat, are in care, a 

in adopt, gl in glue, tch in patch, fl in flake, dr in drum, ou in out, 

all in ball, oi in coin, or in morning, ang in bang, spl in splash, sw in 

swim, oo in tooth, ph in phone, thr in three, ey in obey, br in bride, 

e in me, str in stream, ea in thread 

•• 

Family Fun in the Park, Book 6 contains one story divided into 

5 parts reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to 

watch for: tiny, saw, lions, monkey, were, ice; includes words 

ending in two consonants, practice words, compound words, 

digraphs, diphthongs, prefixes, suffixes, and consonant blend 

words containing special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–12) 

such as -ed in looked, fl in flake, ow in bowl, y in baby, dr in drum, 

ear in ear, -ed in played, squ in squeal, ir in bird, wa in wash, tch in 

patch, oi in coin, ew in flew, ear in earth, oo in tooth, -ing in pointing, 

wh in whale, le in little, old in gold, ang in bang, wh in who, ar 

in stars, th in thick, st in stop, o in go, th in this, sp in spade, thr in 

three, ou in out, tr in train, ea in leaf, cl in clock, bl in block, cr in 

crab, ow in owl, sl in sleep, all in ball, sm in smoke, ch in church, 

oo in book, igh in night, aw in saw, sh in ship, ey in obey, scr in 

5-Year-Olds 


scream, gr in grin, ur in nurse, o in shovel, ey in key, y in fly, -er in bigger, 

-ly in slowly, -ed in wanted, ind in kind, be- in because, onk in honk, air 

in hair, pl in plane, or in morning, ink in wink, sc in scat, sk in skate, a in 

adopt, er in verse, fl in flake, gl in glue, ay in pray, ank in bank 

•• 

Family Fun at the Play, Book 7 contains one story reading one- and twovowel 

words, advanced words to watch for: great, lived, porridge, some, 

door, were, someone, been, voice, gone; includes words ending in two 

consonants, practice words, compound words, digraphs, diphthongs, 

prefixes, suffixes, and consonant blend words containing special sounds 

(from Basic Phonics Charts 6–12) such as old in gold, ind in kind, wh in 

whale, br in bride, ing in king, -ing in pointing, y in fly, sh in ship, y in 

baby, -ly in slowly, cl in clock, mb in lamb, -ed in played, sn in snack, ow 

in bowl, a- in asleep, ong in long, sl in sleep, ay in pray, or in morning, 

ou in out, le in little, ank in bank, pl in plane, thr in three, gr in grin, oo in 

book, ch in church, dge in fudge, alk in walk, oo in tooth, st in stop, ea 

in steak, a in adopt, th in this, ir in bird, er in verse, aw in saw, all in ball, 

ear in ear, ar in stars, th in thick, fr in frog, igh in night, cr in crab, ear 

in bear, sp in spade, oi in coin, c in city, str in stream, tch in patch, sc in 

scat, sw in swim 

Comprehension, Discussion, & Analysis 


hhAnswer factual comprehension questions for most stories 

hhAnswer inferential comprehension and discussion questions for most 

stories 

•• 

Complete integrated phonics and reading skills exercises with progressing 

level of difficulty throughout readers 


K4 – K5 

Opposites 

Positions 

A full-color set of visual illustrations, the Language Enrichment Visuals, provides 

an interesting way to teach children the concept of opposites and the difference 

between positions such as over, under, in, and out. These visuals will help to develop 

skills in picture interpretation and vocabulary development. 


•• 

Language and Skills Development 

times include the use of Language 

Enrichment Visuals as well as activities 

suggested below. Included in 

daily lesson plans. 

´0h7!=¨ 



•• 

Recognize 38 pairs of opposites and 9 positional words and picture 

interpretation 

Vocabulary Skills Development 

hhRecognize similar and different items 

hhMake complete statements 

hhGive simple analogies; use descriptive words 

Cognitive Skills Development 

hhSolve riddles using rhyming words 

hhGroup like items 

hhClassify groups of words and items 

hhDevelop deductive reasoning 

hhMake comparisons 

hhRecognize incorrect information 

Character Development 

•• 

Learn basic biblical character traits such as obedience, honesty, 

kindness, etc., from: 

•• 

Scripture applications 

• 

and application 

• Maxims (traditional sayings rich in general truth) including explanation 

Social Skills Development 

•• 

Develop positive social interaction through: show and tell, sharing time, 

acting out stories 

14

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K5 

⁄s ⁄sa ⁄sat ¿h ¿he ¿hen 

⁄r ⁄ri ⁄rip ¿f ¿fo ¿fo 

⁄bus ⁄fan dug ¿tss 

⁄win ⁄neck ¿lot ¿hid 

⁄red ¿hen a ⁄fat ⁄pig 

I can ¿help at ¿hoe. 

Kindergarten 

´•NR!F¨ 

Aa Bb Cc 


W¯riting with Phonics K5 Cursive 

W⁄riting 

K5 

⁄s ⁄sa ⁄sat ¿h ¿he ¿hen 

⁄r ⁄ri ⁄rip ¿f ¿fo ¿fo 

⁄bus ⁄fan dug ¿tss 

⁄win ⁄neck ¿lot ¿hid 

⁄red ¿hen a ⁄fat ⁄pig 

I can ¿help at ¿hoe. 

with Phonics 

Cursie 

Fifth Edition 

Aa Bb Cc 

Writing with Phonics K5 is an appealing cursive writing book that is correlated 

with the phonics program. Students learn to write the letters as they learn 

what sound the letters say. Teachers appreciate the sample letters that show 

exactly how each letter is to be written. The “houses” help students remember 

where each letter “lives.” Review is included along with new instruction. 

Students will write letters, blends, words, and even sentences. 


Evaluation 

•• 

Written tests to evaluate 

formation (13) 

5-Year-Olds 


•• 

Achieve: 

•• 

Good writing posture; proper pencil hold; slanted paper position 

•• 

Careful writing 

•• 

Correct letter placement and formation 

•• 

Good overall appearance 

•• 

Good control of fine motor skills 

•• 

Writing first name 

hhConsistent slant of letters and words 

•• 

Correctly write: 

•• 

12 capital letters 

hhAll lowercase letters 

•• 

Blends and one- and two-vowel words 

hhSentences 

hhSmooth connections between more difficult letter blends 

•• 

Follow: 

•• 

Step-by-step instruction using key strokes: trace, smile, wave, loop, 

oval, mountain 

hhComplete guided as well as independent practice writing worksheets 

´-PX!m¨ 

Language Arts: Poetry 

The beautifully illustrated My Favorite Kindergarten Poems introduces young 

children to the wonderful world of poetry with familiar, enjoyable poems that 

evoke laughter, paint a picture with words, and touch children’s sensitive hearts. 

Children learn poetry of well-known authors such as “The Swing” by Robert Louis 

Stevenson and “What Can I Give Him?” by Christina Rossetti. Children enjoy 

poetry rich in visual imagery and ear-tickling rhythm and rhyme. Hearing the 

poems repeated often helps in memorization. Discussing the art in this book and 

the meaning of the poems helps develop a better vocabulary. 



• 

• Descriptions to enhance vocal inflection 

•• 

Actions and hand motions 

•• 

Demonstrations 

•• 

Comprehension and discussion questions 

for deeper thinking 

•• 

Biblical applications 

•• 

Suggested activities such as creating 

a poem using rhyming words; playing 

dress-up; drawing with free art; acting 

out poems with play dough; making 

construction paper cards 


hhMemorize 13 lyrical poems 

• 

• Increase appreciation and enjoyment of classic poetry and whimsical 

rhymes 

•• 

Recite in unison 

•• 

Gain confidence performing in front of an audience 

•• 

Increase comprehension through: 

•• 

Good expression 

hhAppropriate volume 

•• 

Benefit from exposure to basic literature skills 

•• 

Gain vocabulary enrichment through use of terms such as 

•• 

Rhyming words 

hhTitle, author 

15

abeka.com 

99384001 

K5 

abeka.com 

K5 

´•X4!g¨ 

99562001 

Kindergarten 

Numbers 

Numbers Writing Tablet K5 

Numbers 

Writing Tablet 

K5 

Fifth Edition 

Numbers 

Numbers Skills K5 Arithmetic 

Skills 

Arithmetic 


Numbers Skills K5 is a colorful workbook that reinforces number 

concepts and formation through 100, addition and subtraction 

combinations, number sequences, number words, telling time, 

and working with money. Some pages are designed to be worked 

together as a class while others are designed as independent work. 

5-Year-Olds 


•• 


•• 


•• 


Evaluation 

•• 

Written tests (18) 

•• 

Oral tests (11) 

´•FH!¡¨ 


Numbers 

• 

• Reinforce building blocks of learning numbers through object counting 

•• 

Count by ones to 100 

•• 

Compare: larger and smaller; more and less 

hhRecognize numbers 1–100 

hhUnderstand concepts 1–100 

hhCount by tens, fives, and twos to 100 

hhWrite numbers to 100 by ones, tens, fives, twos 

hhRecognize and spell number words one–ten 

hhRecognize left from right 

hhRecognize and spell ordinal numbers first–tenth 

hhCompare: before and after 1–100; largest and smallest 1–100 

Addition 

•• 

Understand symbols: + (plus); = (equal) 

hhAdd to 10 with concrete objects 

hhAdd number combination families 1–10: 

hhOrdered and in mixed order 

hhHorizontal and vertical format 

hhSolve oral word problems 

hhAdd money: pennies; dimes and pennies; nickels and pennies 

hhUnderstand simple concept of commutation 

Subtraction 

hhIntroduction to subtraction 

hhRecognize symbol: – (minus) 

hhUnderstand subtracting one or all of a number from numbers 1–10 

hhWrite subtraction sentences (5 – 5 = 0) 

Fractions 

hhLearn parts of a whole: one half 

Problem Solving & Applications 

hhEstablish building blocks: solving story problems 

Time 

hhRecognize the parts of a clock: face, hour and minute hands 

hhRead and write time: o’clock (:00), half past (:30), quarter past (:15) 

hhRecognize 5-minute intervals of time: counting minutes by fives 

hhRecognize months, dates, days, weeks, years 

hhComplete calendar: fill in month, days of week, date, year 

Measures 

hhRecognize an inch 

hhMeasure objects more or less than an inch 

hhMeasure and record individual growth of students throughout the year 

(Growth Chart) 

Geometry 

•• 

Recognize shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle 

Numbers Writing 

hhLearn formation for numbers 0–9 

h 

h Write numbers 1–100 by ones, twos, fives, tens 

Multiplication 

hhEstablish building blocks: counting by tens, fives, twos 

16

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Kindergarten 

5-Year-Olds 

Social Studies K5 & AK5 

´*(y!}¨ 

Social Studies Visuals 

´.h.! ¨ 

14721401 

14 Teaching Cards 

´.bI!e¨ 

14664101 

Social Studies Visuals 

´.h6!8¨ 

14722201 

Social Studies K5 introduces kindergartners to 

community helpers, beginnings of American 

history, interesting features of countries around 

the world, and simple geography. Children will 

enjoy coloring, drawing, and completing other fun 

activities on the worksheet pages. 



• 

• Corresponding worksheets 

•• 

Maps of the world, North and 

South America, and the U.S. 

•• 

Comprehension questions and 

questions for deep thinking 

•• 

Poems; finger plays 

•• 

Additional enrichment activities 

Community Helpers 19 lessons 

• 

• In the family 

•• 

In the community: 

•• 

Community helpers such as firefighter, police officer, doctor, 

nurse, dentist, postal employee, pastor 

hhSalesperson, baker, teacher, server, mayor, farmer 

America: Our Great Country 16 lessons 

hhIntroduction to the history of America containing: 

hhHistorical figures such as Christopher Columbus, the Pilgrims, 

George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, George Washington 

Carver, Pocahontas 

hhLandmarks and symbols: Statue of Liberty, U.S. flag, Washington, D.C., 

currency (“In God We Trust”), Liberty Bell, Mt. Rushmore, bald eagle 

hhGlobe studies: directions—north, south, east, west; equator 

hhUnited States (50), neighboring countries, 7 continents, 4 oceans 

hhStudy of native American culture, Alaska, Hawaii, and American territories 

Children of the World 34 lessons 

•• 

Learn about the landscape, location, famous landmarks, historical people, 

and culture of 12 different countries: 

hhItaly, Peru, Kenya, China 

hhCanada, Bahamas 

•• 

Mexico, England, The Netherlands, Israel, Japan, Australia 

hhGlobe studies: learn to identify 7 continents, 4 oceans, 12 countries 

Science 

´•\ !3¨ 

God’s World K5 

Even at a very young age, children are curious about everything around them and ask 

many questions. The science text God’s World K5 is a simple, exciting introduction 

to God’s plan for the universe. Children will enjoy reading aloud from their first textbook. 

As the study progresses, even beginning readers will want to read the book 

aloud because of its intrinsic interest. Units on themselves, the weather, seasons, seeds, 

animals, and the seashore all show the amazing wonders of God’s design in this world He 

has created. Simple drawing and coloring activities highlight the units. 


•• 

Hands-on activities (58) 

•• 

Activity and color sheets (19) 


Health & Human Biology 

• 

• Designed by God 

•• 

Parts of the body: eyes, nose, tongue, ears, skin 

•• 

Safety guidelines 

•• 

Growth 

•• 

Hygiene 

Weather 

hhKinds of weather: sunny, cloudy, windy, hot, cold, rainy 

hhStorms: thunder, stay inside for safety 

hhSnow: made of air, water, and dust; six points 

•• 

Wind: air that moves, breeze 

• 

• Dressing appropriately 

Seasons 

• 

• Spring: planting time 

•• 

Summer: hot weather, plants grow 

•• 

Fall: harvest time, leaves change colors 

•• 

Winter: cold, resting time, snow; animals grow warm coats or sleep 

17 

Seeds & Plants 

•• 

Seeds grow into the plant they came from (tiny plant 

inside seed) 

•• 

Seeds need sunshine, water, soil 

•• 

Planting: farmers, animals, wind 

• 

• Seeds to eat such as corn, strawberries, beans 

Animals 

• 

• God’s care 

•• 

Born alive or hatch from eggs 

•• 

Animal homes such as holes, nests, tunnels 

•• 

Farm animals such as cows, pigs, chickens 

•• 

Pets: proper care 

•• 

Insects such as bumblebees, ladybugs, crickets 

hhSpiders: eight legs, spider homes 

•• 

Zoo animals such as monkeys, bears, snakes 

•• 

Snakes are reptiles 

Seashore 

hhKinds of seashores: rocky or sandy (beach) 

hhAnimals such as crabs, starfish, sea gulls

30 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

Adam and Eve in the Garden 

2 Adam and Eve 

3 Cain and Abel 

Lesson Guide Included 

Abel Sacrifices a Lamb 

Pets 

Dogs Cats Birds 

Garden of Eden 

Kind 

writing skills • eye-hand coordination • visual perception 

listening and thinking skills • good character 

Flash-a-Card® 

® 

abeka.com 

® 

Kindergarten 

Developmental Skills 

5-Year-Olds 

Think and Learn K5 features coloring pages, mazes, directed-art pages, and 

other activities designed to aid the kindergarten child in the development of 

writing readiness, hand-eye coordination, visual perception, listening and thinking 

skills, and good character. 



•• 

Skills Development time includes 

the use of Readiness Skills K5 as 

well as suggested activities below. 

Included in daily lesson plans. 

Social & Personal Skills 

•• 

Develop good character traits including: kindness, courtesy, 

gentleness, obedience, truthfulness, attentiveness, respect, good 

manners, helpfulness, cheerfulness, orderliness, diligence, dependability, 

thoughtfulness, self control, unselfishness, and generosity 

hhLearn good telephone manners and how to handle emergency 

situations 

Health & Safety Skills 

• 

• Learn how to be well and safe by: 

•• 

Eating a balanced diet 

•• 

Developing good dental care habits 

•• 

Obeying traffic signs 

•• 

Learning about: 

•• 

Home and playground safety 

•• 

Community safety and simple traffic signs 

•• 

Developing good personal hygiene 

•• 

Good nutrition 

•• 

Getting adequate rest and exercise 

Visual Perception Skills Development 

• 

• Separating out items in a grouping 

•• 

Maneuvering through mazes 

•• 

Finding hidden shapes 

•• 

Recognizing and reproducing missing parts 

•• 

Using lines and shapes to assemble a directed drawing 

hhRecognizing similarities 

hhAssociating items with the appropriate place 

hhRecognizing items out of place 

hhCreating objects with paper folding 

hhDrawing missing items 

hhOrdering events in sequence 


•• 

Refining motor skills through grade-appropriate activities with increasing 

level of difficulty: 

•• 

Coloring, cutting; free art (creative drawing on a blank page) 

•• 

Painting, gluing 

hhButtoning and unbuttoning; tying shoes 

•• 

Following step-by-step instructions for directed drawing with placement 

of lines and shapes 

•• 

Manipulatives suggested include: 

•• 

Play dough; puzzles; interlocking and building blocks; lacing cards; 

stringing beads; tracing objects and shapes 

hhSimple science tools such as magnets, magnifying glasses, planting seeds 

Listening Skills Development 

• 

• Identifying sounds 

•• 

Imitating sequences of rhythms such as snapping, clapping, stomping 

•• 

Listening carefully to follow oral directions 

•• 

Classifying things in categories 

hhSolving riddles 

Bible 

Creation, 

Adam, & Cain 

Genesis • Series 1 

3 Lessons • 27 Cards 

1 Creation 

In K5 Bible, children will review many stories that were taught in Preschool and K4 

Bible, and this year they will hear additional stories. Students will learn stories about 

God’s creation of the world and about the life of Christ while viewing beautifully 

illustrated A Beka Book Flash-a-Cards. Age-appropriate applications are included in 

each lesson. 

Evaluation 

•• 

Graded memory verses and 

passages 

´0H^!r¨ 

16406201 



hhSalvation Series (5 lessons) 

hhGenesis Series (21 lessons): Creation, Adam, Cain; Enoch, Noah, 

Babel; Abraham and Isaac; Jacob; Joseph 

hhLife of Christ Series (36 lessons): First Christmas; Boyhood and Early 

Ministry of Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus; 

Crucifixion and Resurrection 

hhMissionary Stories (3); The First Thanksgiving 

18 

Music 39 songs and choruses 

•• 

Choruses, holiday songs, hymns, patriotic songs include: 

h h 9 new hymns and songs; 14 new choruses 

Memory Work 

hhNew: individual verses (20) and passages (2) 

• 

• Review individual verses (8) and passage (1) 

Bible cont. p. 19

10092701 

Third Edition 

Kindergarten 

Bible cont. 

Doctrinal Drill 38 questions and answers 

•• 

Basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, salvation, heaven, assurance of 

salvation further detailed study 

5-Year-Olds 


Prayer Time 

•• 

Learn to pray with thanksgiving for God’s creation, each other, school, 

parents, and country 

Music 

Song Time for K5 presents traditional, patriotic, and learning songs that have 

delighted children for years and make a lively addition to the classroom. The 

sing-along CD makes song time easy for the teacher and enjoyable for the 

children. 



• 

• Gain understanding of a song’s message 

•• 

Exercise creativity while acting out songs with props 

•• 

Define unfamiliar words 

•• 

Develop: 

•• 

Coordination through motions that keep time with words 

•• 

Skills in following a song leader, singing out on pitch, and staying 

together with classmates or CD 

•• 

Benefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest: 

•• 

Making animal sounds 

•• 

Reviewing numbers and formations, vowel sounds 

•• 

Singing Mother Goose rhymes 


• 

• Motion songs 

•• 

Fun songs about animals, Mother Goose rhymes, toys, friends, 

holidays, and character-building traits 

•• 

Songs to act out with props; patriotic songs 

hhIncludes 20 new songs 

Arts & Crafts 

The assortment of colorful projects found in Art Projects K5 introduces students to 

basic concepts of art and gives them a variety of opportunities to build upon concepts 

that have already been taught such as coloring, painting, tracing, drawing, cutting, 

and gluing with a variety of materials. Month-by-month projects correlate with 

academics, Bible teaching, and the seasons and holidays. 


•• 

When I Grow Up Booklet 

´*);!,¨ 


Skill & Concept Development 37 projects 

• 

• Develop fine motor skills with increasing level of difficulty through: 

•• 

Cutting, gluing, coloring, folding 

hhMixing colors 

• 

• 

• Incorporating moving parts 

• Directed drawings, painting 

hhPaper modeling 

•• 

Cutting 

hhLacing, play dough modeling 

•• 

3-D crafting 

•• 

Increase listening skills through following step-by-step instructions 

to complete more difficult projects 

•• 

Project include these themes: 

•• 

Animal, season, holiday, scriptural 

hhPhonetic, counting, telling time, game assembly 


• 

• Develop basic concepts of color, line, shape, and texture through: 

•• 

Projects that include: 

hhCrayon overlay, shape painting 

•• 

Finger and hand stamping 

hh3-D curling, 3-D layering 

•• 

Assembling song and story booklets and song visuals 

•• 

Projects that promote: 

•• 

Safety, creativity with stick puppets, storytelling, and drama 

19

First Grade 


Letters and Sounds 1 is a complete phonics practice seatwork book. Each phonics element 

necessary for learning to read is systematically reviewed in an appealing way. The many 

puzzles, riddles, exercises, and illustrations are designed to teach word analysis skills, build 

vocabulary, and increase reading comprehension. 

Handbook for Reading is an invaluable teaching tool for the application of phonics rules. The 

words for students to read are arranged to correlate with the sequence in which diphthongs, 

digraphs, consonant blends, etc., are taught. Ample practice and thorough review help 

students master phonics concepts. The early introduction of short vowels allows students to 

read whole words, sentences, and stories during the first few weeks of first grade. 


•• 

Review games (18) 

•• 


• 

• During Seatwork: 

•• 

Circle special sounds /mark vowels (15) 

•• 

Write word other than clue word 

for special sound (14) 

•• 

Underline root word/circle suffix (12) 

•• 

Write or match rhyming words (6) 

•• 

Add correct special sound to 

beginning/middle of word (5) 

•• 

Add suffix to given root word (4) 

•• 

Match special sound to correct word (4) 


Evaluation 

•• 

Oral and written phonics tests (32) 


• 

• Review: long and short vowel sounds, consonant sounds 

•• 

Blend consonants with vowels 

•• 

Blend special sounds with vowels 

•• 

Review 47 special sounds and clue words learned in K5 

hhLearn and apply 85 additional special sounds and clue words: 

special sounds include consonant blends, diphthongs, digraphs, 11 

suffixes, 5 prefixes 

•• 

Demonstrate ability to provide other example words that contain 

special sounds 

hhUnderstand that syllables are parts of words 

hhBe able to identify root words 

hhDemonstrate ability to add suffixes using the rules: 

hhWhen a root word ends with a single consonant and the vowel 

is short, the consonant is usually doubled before adding a suffix 

beginning with a vowel. 

hhWhen a root word ends with a silent e, the e is usually dropped 

before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel 

hhDemonstrate ability to add prefixes to root words correctly 

hhCorrectly divide words into syllables between: 

hhDouble consonants; root words and suffixes 

hhA vowel and a consonant 

hhTwo differing consonants 

hhPrefixes and root words 

•• 

Master phonics rules including: 

• 

• One- and two-vowel rules: When there is one vowel in a word, 

it usually says its short sound. When there are two vowels in 

a word, the first one says its long sound and the second one is 

silent. 

•• 

When ll, ff, or ss come at end of word, say sound of the first one; 

second one is silent. 

•• 

c-k follows a short vowel (ex.: back) 

hhk-e follows a long vowel (ex.: bake) 

• 

o, u (ex.: key, cat) 

•• 

Suffix -s says “s” or “z” 

• c / k rhyme: k comes before i and e; c before the other three—a, 

20 

•• 

Know and apply tips for learning special sounds: 

•• 

“ck in duck” usually follows a short vowel; says the k sound one time 

only 

•• 

“e in me” says long e sound when only vowel at end of short word 

•• 

“o in go” says long o sound when only vowel at end of short word 

•• 

“y in fly” says long i sound when at end of short word 

•• 

“ay in pray” usually comes at end of word 

h h“oi in coin” usually comes in middle of word or syllable 

h h“oy in boy” usually comes at end of word or syllable 

h h“kn in knot” comes at beginning of word or syllable; k is silent 

h h“gn in gnat” comes at the beginning of a word; g is silent 

h h“a in adopt” comes at the beginning of a word (“a” usually says 

short “u” at the beginning of any word) 

hhSuffix -ed can say “t” or “d,” or it can say “ed” when it comes after 

t or d 

h h“wh in whale” says “h” when followed by o 

h h“tch in patch” usually follows a short vowel 

h h“ew” can say “oo” or long “u” 

hhWhen c comes before e, i, or y, it says “s” 

hhWhen g comes before e, i, or y, it says “j” 

h h“dge in fudge” usually follows a short vowel 

h h“wr in wrinkle” has a silent w 

h h“are in care” can be sounded using two-vowel rule 

h h“ure in pure” can be sounded using two-vowel rule 

h h“sion in television” is usually found in a word with one s 

h h“sion in missionary” s says “sh”; usually followed with another s 

h h“or in sailor” comes at end of word with two or more syllables 

h h“ar in dollar” comes at end of word with two or more syllables 

hhApply phonics concepts to reading

® 

® 

94951004 

® 

® 

First Grade 


First graders learn that there is a whole new world just waiting for them as they advance their reading 

skills. The early readers coordinate the reading material with the phonics concepts students 

are learning. Students move from stories with simple one- and two-vowel words to stories based 

on children’s classics, giving them valuable practice in applying phonics skills. Each reader features 

delightful, character-building selections that appeal strongly to the interests of first graders. 

´~*$7¨ 

Literary Value 

•• 

31 authors, including well-known writers 

such as Aesop, Christina Rossetti, Robert 

Louis Stevenson, and Lewis Carroll 

•• 

Character-building and patriotic story 

themes such as honesty, integrity, courage, 

kindness, industry, forgiveness, and 

unselfishness 

Materials 

• 

• Readers (10) containing: 

•• 

Short stories and plays (204) 

•• 

Poems (140) 

•• 

Primary Bible Reader containing 

selected Scripture reading 

(24 lessons) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Weekly oral reading grade 



•• 

Read and decode (sound out) words by applying phonics sounds 

and rules 

•• 

Strive for increasing: 

•• 

Accuracy, correct enunciation, fluency 

hhPhrasing 

•• 

Alertness to punctuation; good expression; comprehension 

•• 

Appropriate pace for grade level 

•• 

Volume; poise 

•• 

Follow along as others read orally 

•• 


Readers 

•• 

Fun with Pets—Begins with simple one-vowel words and progresses 

to stories with two-vowel words 

•• 

Tiptoes—39 stories and 15 poems; uses words with special sounds 

from Basic Phonics Charts 6 & 7 

•• 

Stepping Stones—19 stories and 13 poems; reinforces special 

sounds from Basic Phonics Charts 8 & 9 

•• 

Secrets & Surprises—14 stories and 30 poems; covers Charts 8–11 

•• 

The Bridge Book—9 stories and 74 poems; covers Charts 6–13 

•• 

Animals in the Great Outdoors—25 stories and 6 poems; covers 

Charts 8–13 (Group I, Advanced Group 1 reader) 

•• 

Kind & Brave—19 stories; covers Charts 10–11 

•• 

Aesop’s Fables—28 stories; covers Charts 8–11 

•• 

Strong & True—22 stories and 7 poems; covers Charts 12–13 

•• 

Down by the Sea—16 stories and 4 poems; covers all charts; for 

Gr. 1 at end of the year 

•• 

Primary Bible Reader—24 Class Reading lessons including selected 

stories and passages from Genesis, Luke, and John 



• 

• Answer factual and interpretive questions for most stories and poems 

•• 

Answer inferential comprehension and discussion questions 

•• 

Read sight words; challenging words 

•• 

Complete integrated phonics, language, and reading skills activities 

such as: 

•• 

Marking short and long vowel sounds 

•• 

Circling special sounds 

•• 

Adding correct special sounds to complete words 

•• 

Reading clues to solve puzzles 

•• 

Filling in the blank with correct word / phrase to complete a sentence 

•• 

Matching pictures with descriptive words 

hhMatching pictures with descriptive phrases or sentences 

hhChoosing correct sentences for telling events in story 

• 

• Choosing correct picture to answer comprehension questions about 

the story 

hhNumbering pictures in correct story sequence 

hhMarking root words and suffixes 

hhIdentifying parts of compound words 

hhForming contractions 

hhMatching rhyming words; writing rhyming words 

hhMatching picture with correct homonym 

hhReading comprehension question and circling correct answer 

21

First Grade 


Designed for use during independent work times, the work-text Language 1 provides daily 

exercises to help students increase thinking skills, improve reading comprehension, and 

develop creative writing ability. By the end of the year, students will be able to write in 

complete sentences, capitalize the first word of a sentence, capitalize the days and months, 

place a period at the end of a sentence, know and use suffixes and prefixes, and alphabetize 

words. 


Grammar 

• 

• Capitalization: 

•• 

First word in the sentence 

hhDays of week and months of year 

•• 

The word I 

•• 

Punctuation: correctly use period at end of a telling sentence 

•• 

The sentence: always begin with capital letter 

•• 

Word study and diction: 

hhFind root words 

hhAdd suffixes and prefixes to root words 

hhDetermine number of syllables 

• 

• Recognize and use: 

hhCompound words; rhyming words 

•• 

Opposite words (antonyms) 

hhSame-meaning words (synonyms); same-sounding words 

(homonyms) 

hhContractions 

hhDivide a word into syllables between: 

hhDouble consonants 

hhRoot words and suffixes 

hhA vowel and a consonant 

hhTwo consonants that are not alike 

hhPrefixes and root words 

hhAlphabetize words 

hhComprehend reading material and answer questions 

Composition 

hhWrite: 

hhInteresting sentences, paragraphs 

hhShort narratives 

• 

• Compositions about designated topics (9) 

•• 

Copying / completing sentences (49) 

•• 

Writing original sentences (39) 


• 


•• 

Copy sentences (54) 

•• 

Finish sentences (9) 

•• 

Write original sentences (19) 

•• 

Write compositions about designated topics (12) 

•• 

During Science, History, and Health: 

•• 

Creative writing exercises (14) 


Writing with Phonics 1 is designed for use as a first-grade cursive writing worktext. 

Students learn the proper formation and slant of letters and the correct 

spacing between letters, words, and sentences. Through daily writing exercises, 

students will practice and review what they are learning in phonics, beginning with 

single letters and progressing to special sounds, words, and sentences. 


•• 

Animal booklet compilation 

Evaluation 

•• 

Tests (31) 



• 

• Achieve good writing position: 

•• 

Sitting properly in desk 

•• 

Holding pencil correctly 

•• 

Slanting paper correctly 

•• 

Review correct formation for all small letters, numbers 0–9, and 

the 12 capital letters learned in K5 

hhLearn formation for remaining 14 capital letters 

22 

•• 

Perfect writing skills for a good, overall appearance: 

•• 

Forming troublesome letters correctly 

•• 

Placing letters correctly on the lines 

•• 

Using proper spacing between letters and words 

•• 

Slanting letters properly 

•• 

Writing slowly and carefully 

•• 

Making smooth connections between letters, troublesome letters, 

blends 

•• 

Using key strokes: slant, loops, tails, humps 

•• 

Evaluate writing for personal improvement

First Grade 

Language Arts: Spelling & Poetry 

In Spelling and Poetry 1, first graders apply the phonics concepts they are 

currently learning as they master the spelling of approximately 420 words. Most 

of the words in Spelling and Poetry 1 are arranged phonetically, which teaches 

students to recognize basic spelling patterns. They will learn sight words, contractions, 

and abbreviations that they will encounter frequently in their reading 

and writing. First graders will also learn eight poems that will help them develop 

their oral speaking skills while deepening their appreciation for poetry. 



•• 

Spelling lists (30): 

•• 

Total words (420) 

• 

• Organized by special sounds 

•• 

Worksheet activities reinforce new 

concepts (112) 

•• 

Homework sheets include spelling list 

and helpful hints or special sounds 

featured in the list (30) 

•• 

Spelling games (16) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Spelling words tested in 30 of the 32 

phonics tests 

Spelling Skills Development 

hhMaster spelling lists including sight words, abbreviations, and 

contractions 

hhApply spelling and phonics concepts through daily: 

hhTeacher-directed oral practice 

hhIndependent written practice 

hhHear spelling words used in sentences and clearly picture each 

word’s meaning 

hhLearn to differentiate between words that sound alike 

hhUse spelling words in creative writing exercises 

hhLearn spelling rules: 

hhKnow: one- and two-vowel rules; k comes before i and e; c comes 

before a, o, u 

hhCorrectly use at end of word: 

hhDouble consonants ll, ff, or ss 

hhVowels e, o, or y 

hhck after a short vowel; ke after a long vowel 

hhDouble a consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel 

hhDrop the silent e 

Worksheet Activities: 

•• 

Marking special phonics sounds 

hhMarking roots and suffixes 

•• 

Completing words and sentences 

hhArranging words alphabetically 

hhIdentifying misspelled words, opposites, rhyming words 

hhCategorizing words by special phonics sounds 

hhSolving word puzzles and riddles 

•• 

Associating words with pictures 

hhMatching words with their meaning 

hhCombining root words and suffixes -ing, -ed 

Poetry Skills Development 


• 

• 

• 

• Develop appreciation of poetry 

• Perform in front of an audience 

• Recite in unison 

hhDevelop appropriate expression and volume 

hhImprove comprehension through thinking questions 

hhLearn terms such as title and author 

•• 

Maintain interest and increase comprehension through added learning 

features such as actions and hand motions 

Arithmetic 

Using delightful themes and full-color illustrations, Arithmetic 1 presents concepts 

in an orderly manner, building on prior learning and including consistent year-long 

review. Concepts include counting, writing and reading numbers, place value, addition 

and subtraction, money, graphs, measurements, time, temperature, and fractions. 

Applications to real-life situations and daily thinking questions stretch the students’ 

reasoning ability. 



•• 

Thematic units: zoo, farm, ocean, 

spring 

•• 

Introductory song and / or poem for 

each unit 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 

Daily timed skills-development 

exercises (136) 

•• 

Oral tests (31): combinations, 

answers, and complete instructions 

for oral tests in daily lesson plans 

Numbers 

•• 

Recognizing numbers: 

•• 

1–100 

hh101–1,000 

23 

•• 

Understanding concepts: 

•• 

1–100 

hh101–1,000 

•• 

Counting: 

•• 

Money 

•• 

Ordinal numbers: 1–10 

Arithmetic cont. p. 24

First Grade 

Arithmetic cont. 

Numbers cont. 

hhForward and backward by ones, twos, fives, and tens 

hhForward by twenty-fives 

hhBy threes from 3 to 36 

hhTally marks 

hhRoman numerals 1–10 

hhBy even and odd numbers 

hhOrdinal numbers: 11–20 

•• 

Writing numbers: 

•• 

By ones, twos, fives, and tens to 100 

• 

• Words one–twelve 

hhTo 1,000 

hhBy threes to 36 

hhUsing tally marks 

• 

• 

•• 

Before/after 

• 

• 

• Comparing: 

• Greater/less, greatest /least 

• By ones, twos, fives, tens 

• Using symbols > and < to show greater than and less than 

hhBefore and after: by twos, fives, tens 

hhPlace value: 

hhIllustrating numbers and place value with objects 

hhUnderstanding hundreds, tens, ones 

hhOrdering four numbers 

hhAddition with carrying 

Addition 

•• 

Review of addition families 1–10 

hhLearn addition families 11–18 

hhHorizontal and vertical form 

•• 

Oral or written 

• 

• Addition “twins” (concept of commutative principle) 

hhTimed mastery 

hhMissing terms 

• 

• 

• Word problems: 

• Oral 

hhWritten 

hhDoubles +1 

hhWriting addition number sentences 

hhAddends: 

hhColumn addition with up to five single-digit addends 

hhTwo- and three-digit problems without carrying 

hhCarrying two- and three-digit numbers with carrying to the tens’ 

and hundreds’ places 

hhMental arithmetic: 

hhProblems with up to 5 single-digit numbers 

hhProblems combining single-digit addition and subtraction up to 

3 numbers 

•• 

Adding coins 

Subtraction 

•• 

Recognizing symbol: – (minus) 

hhSubtraction families 1–18: 

hhVertical and horizontal form 

• 

• Written, oral 

hhSubtracting coins 


hhMissing terms 


hhMental arithmetic: problems combining single-digit addi tion and 

subtraction up to 3 numbers 

hhWriting subtraction number sentences 

hhSubtracting: 

hhOne-digit problems 

hhTwo- and three-digit problems without borrowing 

hhWord problems: oral, written 


•• 

Building blocks: 

hhRepeated addition 

hhObjects to multiply 

• 

• Counting by twos, fives, tens 

hhCounting by threes 

hhConcept of multiplication 

hhWriting a multiplication fact 

Fractions 

hhConcept of fractions 

hhBuilding blocks: equal parts 

•• 

Parts of a whole: 

• 

• One half 

hhOne fourth, one third 

hhParts of a group: one half, one fourth, one third 

hhComparing one half, one fourth, one third 

hhLeast to greatest 


•• 

Building blocks: oral word problems 

hhWritten word problems 

hhSolving word problems: 

hhAddition, subtraction, money 

hhIllustrating story problems 

hhCreating story problems 

hhExtra facts; missing facts 

hhChoosing the operation 

hhApplications: 

hhTemperature; time 

hhWeight; length; money 

hhNumber puzzles; graphs 

hhCalendars; maps 

hhThinking logically: patterns; thinking caps; sequencing; clue words 

Time 

• 

• Clock: face, hour and minute hands 

•• 

Reading and writing time: 

•• 

O’clock (:00), half past (:30), quarter past (:15) 

hhQuarter till (:45) 

hhFive-minute intervals 

hhA.M. and P.M. 

• 

• Calendar: months, days, date, rhyme 

hhMeasures of time 

24 


® 

® 

95311005 

® 

1 

® 

History & Geography Series 

Fourth 

Edition 

First Grade 


Money 

•• 

Recognize coin and value: penny, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar, 

dollar 

•• 

Count: 

•• 

Pennies, dimes, nickels 

hhQuarters, half dollars 

•• 

Add: 

•• 

Pennies, dimes and pennies, nickels and pennies 

hhQuarters and pennies, dimes and nickels 

hhCount: combinations of coins, coins in mixed order 

hhAdding and subtracting money 

•• 

Recognize symbol: ¢ (cent) 

•• 

Word problems: oral and written 

Measures 

• 

• Word problems: oral and written 

•• 

Temperature: reading and writing degrees 

•• 

Length: 

hhInch, foot, yard, centimeter 


•• 

Weight: 

hhOunce, pound 

hhComparing weights 

hhDozen, half dozen 

hhCapacity: cup, pint, quart, gallon 

hhPerimeter of a rectangular object 

Graphing, Statistics, Probability 

hhGraphs: 

hhHorizontal bar graphs: scales by 2s, 10s, 5s, and 3s 

hhPictograph 

hhGraphing tally marks 

Geometry 

•• 

Recognize shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle 

hhSymmetry 

hhShapes in a grid 

hhPerimeter of a rectangle 

´¡?*%#¨ 

My America and My World 

History & Geography 

In My America and My World, students will learn how our country was founded and 

what our basic freedoms are. They meet several famous American patriots and take 

a trip across America. Good citizenship is emphasized and reading skills are developed. 

In addition, students will learn new patriotic songs and be introduced to major 

countries and U.S. Territories. America: Our Great Country, Children of the World, 

and Community Helpers are used in correlation with My America and My World. 



•• 

Vocabulary boxes to point out difficult 

words 

•• 

Activities such as: 

•• 

Artistic projects 

• 

• 

• 

country 

• 

• Learning foreign words and phrases 

• Listening to classical music 

• Reading stories by writers of given 

• Suggested creative writing topics 

America 

•• 

U.S. flag: 

•• 

History 

hhMeaning of colors 

hhMeaning of Pledge of Allegiance 

hhAmerica’s freedoms 

•• 

Symbols such as: 

hhGreat Seal of the U.S., American eagle, Liberty Bell, Uncle Sam 

•• 

Statue of Liberty, U.S. coins 

hhGreat U.S. documents: Declaration of Independence, Constitution, 

Bill of Rights 

•• 

Great people of America: 

•• 

Pilgrims (First Thanksgiving) 

•• 

George Washington, Abraham Lincoln 

hhPaul Revere, Benjamin Franklin 

hhAmerica grows by communication and travel: telephone, mail, television, 

radio; changes in transportation 

•• 

American places such as: 

•• 

Washington, D.C. 

hhPlymouth Rock, Fort McHenry 

h hWilliamsburg, Virginia; Mississippi River 

hhMount Rushmore, Yellowstone National Park, Grand Teton National 

Park, Rocky Mountains, Grand Canyon, Yosemite National Park 

•• 

Patriotic songs: 

•• 

“My Country, ‘Tis of Thee” 

•• 

“The Star-Spangled Banner” 

h h“America the Beautiful” 

The World 

• 

• Countries and territories: 

•• 

Mexico, Peru, England, The Netherlands, Israel, Italy, Kenya, China, 

Australia 

hhVirgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, Norway, France, Germany, 

Switzerland, Egypt, India, Guam, American Samoa 

25 

History & Geography cont. p. 26

First Grade 

History & Geography cont. 


Geography Study 

•• 

Continents: North America, South America, Africa, Europe, 

Australia, Asia 

•• 

Globe 

•• 

Oceans: Atlantic and Pacific 

•• 

Cardinal directions and compass rose 

•• 

What is an island? 

hhLocation of 19 specific states in America 

hhNorth and South Poles 

hhHome state, neighboring states 

hhThirteen original colonies 

hhEquator 

hhGulf of Mexico, Mississippi River, Rocky Mountains, Grand Canyon, 

Death Valley, Great Plains, Yosemite National Park 

Community Helpers 

• 

• Pastor 

•• 

Firefighter 

•• 

Doctor 

•• 

Dentist 

•• 

Waiter / Waitress 

•• 

Postal Employee 

• Teacher 

• Police Officer 

• Nurse 

• Farmer 

• Baker 

• Mayor 

Science 

The colorfully illustrated science text Discovering God’s World presents God as the 

Master Designer of the world around us. The studies of plants, animals, insects, 

energy, health, the seasons, and the five senses provide an excellent introduction to 

science, with the emphasis on building student interest and augmenting students’ 

reading skills. Hands-on activities and demonstrations also increase students’ comprehension 

of basic science concepts. 


• 

• Additional hands-on learning activities 

•• 

Lesson activities (24) 

•• 

Additional activities (47) 


Health & Human Biology 

•• 

Special to God: five senses and sense organs 

hhHands: fingerprints 

hhHair: 

h 

hhRoot, pigment 

h 

h 

• 

•• 

Tongue: 

• 

h Hair types, skin, oil gland, follicle 

h Eyes: placement in skull; eyelids, eyelashes, tears 

h Ears: outer ear, eardrum; vibrate 

• Nose: nostrils; sneezing 

• Taste buds: sour, salty, bitter, sweet 

hhSpeaking 

•• 

Skin: 

hhExperiencing cold, warmth 

•• 

Experiencing tickles, pain 

hhPores, “goose-bumps,” proper care of skin 

Activities & Demonstrations: 

hhComparing thumb prints 

hhDiscovering how sound travels 

hhSeeing how senses work together 

Energy 

hhWater: force, push, pull 

hhAir: wind, provides push 

hhWind: moving air, force 

hhSimple machines: wheels, ramps, levers 

• 

• Magnets: attract (pull), repel (push) 


hhMaking a balloon jet 

hhSeeing how wheels help 

hhHaving a ramp race 

hhUsing a lever lifter 

•• 

Discovering what magnets pick up 

Animals 

•• 

Instinct 

hhReproduce after their kind 

hhBabies that are born drink mother’s milk: kangaroo, opossum 

hhBabies that hatch do not drink mother’s milk: frogs, tadpoles, chicks, 

alligators, snakes 

•• 

God’s wonderful plan: 

•• 

Elephants: ears, trunk, tusk 

•• 

Ducks: sac of oil, webbed feet, bill 

•• 

Turtles: 

•• 

Shell 

hhJaws; land turtles, water turtles 

hhOwls: herbivores, carnivores, omnivores; eyes, head rotation; 

feathers, talons 


hhRaising tadpoles 

hhConducting the elephant ear experiment 

hhObserving oil on a duck 

26 

Science cont. p. 27

First Grade 

Science cont. 

Insects 

•• 

Importance of insects 

hhInsect identification: head, thorax, abdomen, six legs 

• 

• Ants: workers, queen 


hhObserving a caterpillar change into a butterfly 

• 

• Making an insect zoo; ant farm 

Plants 

hhUses for plants: oxygen, food, medicine, building 

hhParts of the plant: roots, stem, flowers, cones, seeds 

hhReproduce after their kind 


hhOpening a seed 

•• 

Germinating seeds 

hhGrowing a plant from root 

hhWatering up a stem 

Seasons 

• 


• God made seasons 

•• 

Winter: rest, hibernate 

•• 

Spring: new life 

•• 

Summer: grow 

•• 

Fall: get ready 

hhA sunflower’s year 

hhA squirrel’s year 


hhBringing some twigs to life 

hhFinding air in water and soil 

hhMaking a bird feeder 

•• 

Planting a bean garden 

Health 

Health, Safety, & Manners 1 is an interesting and attractive health reader that 

introduces first graders to the importance of good health habits and gives God the 

glory for the way He has designed us. Students will learn about nutrition, exercise, 

proper sleep habits, good posture, safety habits, and manners. Activities and 

checklists help students apply good principles of health, safety, and manners. 



•• 

Hands-on learning activities in 

student book, Teacher Edition, and 

daily lesson plans (16) 

•• 

Growing Tall growth chart 

•• 

Checksheets: My Health, My Safety, 

My Manners 

Health 

•• 

Growing tall 

hhForming good habits 

•• 

Eating good foods: 

• 

• Kinds of foods 

hhA good breakfast, a good snack 

•• 

Good eating habits: 

hhEating meals same time every day 

•• 

Washing hands before eating 

•• 

Drinking milk every day 

•• 

Eating different kinds of food 

hhWashing fresh fruits and vegetables before eating 

•• 

Limiting sugar and candy 

hhTaking small bites and chewing food well 

•• 

Exercising each day: 

hhFun exercises for children (8) 

•• 

Benefits of fresh air and sunshine 

•• 

Good exercise habits: 

•• 

Getting exercise every day and playing outside in fresh air 

•• 

Helping with work at home 

hhNot playing hard right after a meal 

hhResting from play 

hhGetting right amount of rest: 

hhGood sleeping habits: 

hhPre-bedtime activities 

h 

h Wearing clean pajamas 

hhGoing to bed early and at same time each night; sleeping until 

rested; good sleeping conditions; going right to sleep 

hhBuilding good posture: 

h 

hhGood posture habits: 

h 

h 

• 

• 

• 

•• 

Proper care for cuts 

• 

h Benefits of good posture 

h How to stand straight and tall; proper way to sit in a chair 

h Well-fitting shoes; proper walking habits 

• Taking care of the body: 

• Good skin and hair habits: 

• Bathing often with warm water and soap 

• Washing hands: before eating; after using bathroom; after playing 

outside; after handling animals 

hhHow to dry off effectively 

•• 

Shampooing dirty hair 

hhProper use and maintenance of your comb and brush 

hhKeeping pets away from your face 

hhKeeping fingernails and toenails clean and trimmed 

•• 

Not biting fingernails 

•• 

Keeping fingers out of mouth 

27 

Health cont. p. 28

First Grade 

Health cont. 

Health cont. 

•• 

Eyes: 

•• 

Purpose; protection 

hhGood eye-care habits: 

hhReading in a well-lighted place 

hhNot rubbing your eyes 

hhNot running while holding sharp things 

hhProtecting eyes from sun or other bright lights 

hhGetting proper rest 

hhGetting eye check-ups by a doctor 

hhKeeping eye glasses clean 

•• 

Ears: 

•• 

Protection: wax, hairs 

hhGood ear-care habits: 

hhProper washing of ears 

hhNot putting objects in ears 

hhProtecting ears from getting hit; from cold and wind 

hhGoing to a doctor for chronic earaches 

•• 

Nose: 

•• 

Purpose; protection from germs 

•• 

Good health habits: 

• 

• Protecting others from your coughing or sneezing; proper use 

of tissues 

•• 

Teeth: 

hhInstructions for proper brushing 

•• 

Good tooth-care habits: 

•• 

Drinking plenty of milk every day 

•• 

Limiting sugar 

•• 

Not cracking nuts with teeth 

•• 

Brushing correctly 

•• 

Getting regular dental checkups 

•• 

Keeping hands away from face 

hhKeeping pencils out of mouth 

hhNot eating from someone else’s food 

hhTaking care of clothing: 

hhGood clothing-care habits: 

hhChanging from school clothes to play clothes 

hhLearning what to do with clothes after taking them off; clothes 

that need to be mended; dirty clothes 

hhPutting on clean underclothes daily 

hhTaking coat or raincoat off when inside 

hhTaking care of the home 

Safety 

• 

• At home: 

•• 

Ways to prevent falls 

•• 

Good safety habits: 

•• 

Sharp and pointed objects: 

•• 

Walking while carrying 

hhCarrying with the point down 

•• 

Getting parents to take medicine from medicine cabinet 

hhHandling electrical cords with dry hands 

•• 

Safety with matches and fire 

hhNot playing with your parent’s guns 

•• 

Putting toys away to avoid an accident 


•• 

Away from home: 

•• 

Policemen 

hhGood safety habits: 

hhConsulting with an adult before leaving 

hhAvoid: 

hhTalking to strangers when you are alone; getting in a car with a 

stranger 

hhPlaying in old, empty buildings 

hhPetting stray animals 

hhEating berries found outside 

hhPutting flowers, leaves, or twigs in mouth 

hhPlaying in old refrigerators 

hhWalking across empty lots that might have rusty nails or broken 

glass 

•• 

On the street: 

hhGood walking habits: 

hhWhere to walk when there is no sidewalk 

hhWhere to cross a street; how to cross a railroad track 

hhSafety around trains that are stopped on the track 

hhBicycle safety habits: 

hhRiding in the correct direction 

hhUsing a safety helmet, handlebars, and hand signals 

hhPassengers 

hhKeeping your bike in good working order 

hhRiding to school: 

hhBus, car 

hhGood riding habits: 

hhUsing car seat belts 

hhStaying seated on the bus 

hhKeeping hands inside bus and car windows 

hhHow to cross the street after getting off a bus 

hhHow to get out of a car that is parked on a street 

•• 

On the playground: 

hhGood safety habits: 

hhStaying far from swings that are being used; not standing up while 

swinging or jumping off while swing is in motion 

hhSlide safety: at the bottom of the slide; at the top of the slide 

hhStanding back from merry-go-round in motion 

hhNot standing on top of monkey bars 

hhTaking turns with other boys and girls 

•• 

In the water: 

hhPool safety habits: 

hhImportance of taking swimming lessons 

hhAvoid going swimming or wading alone 

hhNot pushing others into the pool or running beside the pool 

hhBoat safety habits: wearing a life jacket; not standing up 

•• 

In a storm: 

•• 

Good safety habits: 

•• 

Stay inside 

hhSafety with telephone or electrical cords 

hhWhere to take refuge: if you are outside; if you are in a car 

28 

Health cont. p. 29

Noah and the Ark 

Enoch 

Went to Heaven 

without Dying 

2 Noah and the Ark 

3 The Tower of Babel 


Tower of Babel 

Flash-a-Card 

® 

abeka.com 

® 

First Grade 

Health cont. 

Manners 

•• 

At home: 

•• 

Important words: please, thank you, I’m sorry, you’re welcome 

hhHaving company 

•• 

Good habits at home: 

•• 

Coming quickly when called 

•• 

Thanking God for your food 

•• 

Not talking with food in your mouth; chewing with mouth closed 

•• 

Saying “please” when you want something; remembering to say 

“thank you” 

hhNot spilling food on the table 

•• 

Not putting elbows on the table 

•• 

Saying “I’m sorry” for hurting someone 

•• 

At school: 

•• 

Say “good morning” to your teacher 

hhRaise your hand 

hhGood habits at school: 

hhNot interrupting when someone is speaking 

hhProper response when someone makes a mistake 

hhPaying attention to your teacher; how to get your teacher’s attention 

hhAnswering when spoken to 

hhStanding in line quietly 

hhPosture and conduct while saying Pledge of Allegiance 


•• 

At church: 

•• 

Purpose of church 

hhGood habits at church: 

hhArriving on time 

hhSinging praises to God; listening to His Word 

hhNot chewing gum 

hhHandling your money for the offering plate 

hhWhen to leave the service 

•• 

In public: 

hhGrocery store, doctor’s office 

•• 

Good habits in public: 

hhSaying “ma’am” or “sir” when talking to an adult 

hhBeing quiet in a waiting room 

•• 

Answering when someone speaks to you 

hhNot running in a store 

Bible 

Enoch, 

Noah, & Babel 

Genesis • Series 2 


1 Enoch—The Man Who 

´0yg!!¨ 

16897101 

The Bible stories that have been taught from Preschool to K5 have laid the foundation 

for stories that will be taught in first grade. Students learn more about the character, 

strengths, and weaknesses of men and women from the Bible. By studying the lives of 

Bible characters, students will learn practical truths to apply to their own lives, such as 

our actions will bring about either rewards or consequences. 


Evaluation 

•• 

Graded memory verse passages (9) 


•• 

Salvation Series (5 lessons) 

•• 

Genesis Series (21): Creation, Adam, Cain; Enoch, Noah, Babel; 

Abraham and Isaac; Jacob; Joseph 

•• 

Life of Christ Series (36): First Christmas; Boyhood and Early Ministry 

of Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus; Crucifixion 

and Resurrection 

hhLife of Paul Series 1 and 2 (14) 

• 

• The First Thanksgiving 


•• 

Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, patriotic songs including: 

hh11 new hymns and songs; 16 new choruses 

Memory Work 

hhNew passages (9) containing 56 verses 

• 

• Review verses (6) 

Doctrinal Drill 38 questions/answers 

•• 

Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, 

salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation 

Prayer Time 

•• 

Learn to pray with thanks giving for each other, our nation, those in 

authority over us 


•• 

The Bible Friends Activity Book includes 112 worksheets to be completed 

during seatwork. 

29

First Grade 

Music 

Songs We Enjoy 1 includes traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun selections that have been a 

part of our American heritage for generations. The sing-along CD makes song time easy for the 

teacher and enjoyable for the children. 



hhDefine 9 unfamiliar words in the lyrics 

•• 

Learn to follow a song leader 

• 

• 

• 

• Develop ability to understand a song’s message 

• Exercise creativity by acting out songs with props 

• Improve coordination through motions that keep time with words 

hhLearn about: dynamic contrasts, tempo changes, solfège pitch 

•• 


hhWhistling 

• 

• Making appropriate animal sounds 

hhSinging familiar poems 

hhReviewing numbers 

hhPlacing their name in a song 


• 

• Fun songs about animals, Mother Goose rhymes 

•• 

Songs about our founding fathers; songs to help build character 

•• 

Songs to act out with suggested props 

•• 

Motion songs, patriotic songs, folk songs, gospel songs 

Arts & Crafts 

Art Projects 1 has been designed to give month-by-month variety in enjoyable art activities, 

to teach children elementary art techniques in many types of media, and to provide interesting 

seasonal projects. 


Skills & Concept Development 50 projects 

•• 

Cutting, gluing, coloring 

hhDirected drawing 

• 

• Tracing, folding paper, using glitter 


• 

• Developing basic concepts of color, line, shape, and texture through: 

•• 

3-D forms; drawing 

•• 

Paper folding and sculptures 

•• 

Mixed media; directional coloring; creative design 

hhIntroduction to painting 

hhMobiles 

30

Second Grade 


Second grade phonics class is a culmination of the A Beka intensive phonics program. 

After reviewing vowel sounds, consonant sounds, and how to blend them together, 

students learn consonant blends, diphthongs, digraphs, and clue words to help them 

remember these sounds. Students practice what they have learned on a deeper level 

of application than first grade. Students use these skills to have more success in 

reading and to spell “challenge words” and compound words quickly and accurately. 

The skills learned in second grade phonics provide a foundation for reading and spelling 

skills throughout elementary. 

Handbook for Reading and Letters and Sounds 2 provide practice with the material 

presented in phonics class. Later in the year, Handbook for Reading and the 

Language 2 Word Challenge Appendix are used for oral speed practice during 

phonics class. 



•• 


•• 


• 


•• 

Add suffixes to given words (45) 

•• 

Write rhyming words (18) 

•• 

Circle special sounds /mark vowels (10) 

•• 

Write word other than clue word 

for special sound (9) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Oral and written phonics tests (33) 


•• 

Review long and short vowel sounds, consonant sounds 

•• 

Review and master one- and two-vowel rules: When there is one vowel 

in a word, it usually says its short sound. When there are two vowels in 

a word, the first one says its long sound and the second one is silent. 

•• 

Blend consonants / special sounds with vowels: 

•• 

Students write the blend of a given word; circle the special sound and 

mark the vowel 

•• 

Master 132 special sounds and clue words: special sounds include consonant 

blends, diphthongs, digraphs, 11 suffixes, 5 prefixes 

•• 

Demonstrate ability to provide other example words that contain 


hhList all the special sounds in a given word after it is orally dictated 

hhMaster ability to identify special sounds in a given word and why that 

special sound is used 

hhMaster choosing the correct sound in a given word when there is more 

than one spelling for a sound: 

hhck in duck / k-e (ex.: back—”ck in duck” follows a short vowel sound; 

bake—k-e follows a long vowel sound 

hhoy in boy / oi in coin (ex.: joyful—”oy in boy” must be chosen because 

it is at the end of a root word; point—”oi in coin” must be chosen 

because it is in the middle of the root word) 

hhtch in patch / ch in church (ex.: matches—”tch in patch” must be 

chosen because the sound follows a short vowel; chimes—”ch in 

church” must be chosen because “tch in patch” cannot be at the 

beginning of a word) 

hhg in giant, dge in fudge, j in jar (ex.: cage—”g in giant” must come 

before e, i, or y; badge—”dge in fudge” must follow a short vowel) 

hhc in city / s consonant (ex.: century—”c in city” comes before e, i, or y 

hhsion in missionary / tion in nation (ex.: motion—”tion in nation” does 

not have a double s /“sh” sound like “sion in missionary”) 

hhChoose the correct beginning sound: 

hhRecognize choices in the following consonant blend sounds when 

given blends or words to spell: 

hhst in stop, pl in plane, tr in train, bl in block, cl in clock, fl in flake, 

gl in glue, br in bride, dr in drum, pr in pray, gr in grin, sm in smoke, 

sc in scat, sk in skate, sp in spade, cr in crab, tw in twins, spl in splash, 

spr in sprain, scr in scream, qu in squeak, sn in snack, sl in sleep, 

str in stream, sw in swim, thr in three 

hhUse 5 prefixes correctly when heard in a word dictated 

hhRecognizing silent letters in words beginning with gn in gnat, 

kn in knot, wr in wrinkle, eigh in eight 

hhChoose between wor in worms / war in warm by listening to the beginning 

sound 

31 

hhChoose “wa in wash” when beginning with a word sounding with short 

o /“w” sound 

hhChoose the correct ending sound in a given word: 

•• 

Correctly use ll, ff, ss at end of a word 

•• 

suffix -s says “s” or “z” 

•• 

Recognize the following sounds at the end of short words: e in me, o 

in go, y in fly 

hhUse 11 suffixes correctly when heard in a word dictated 

hhAdding more than one suffix to a word 

hhChoose “ay in pray” when a long a sound is at the end of a root word 

hhChoose “y in baby” at the end of certain words ending with a long e 

sound 

hhChoose “le in little” at the end of certain words ending with an “l” sound 

hhChoose between -ed in looked /-ed in played when a root word follows 

a “t” or “d” sound 

hhChoose ought in thought / aught in caught at the end of a root word 

with a short o /“t” sound 

hhChoose “ture in pasture” at the end of certain words with the same 

sound as “ch in church” along with an “er” sound (ex.: fracture) 

hhRecognizing silent letters when spelling words with igh in night, 

alk in walk, le in little, -ed in looked, -ed in played, tch in patch, 

mb in lamb, ought in thought, aught in caught, dge in fudge, 

ould in could, ough in enough 

hhRecognize choices in the spelling of special sounds having or containing 

the same sound: 

hhe in me, y in baby, -y in rainy, -ly in slowly, ie in brownie 

hho in go / ow in bowl 

hhay in pray, ea in steak, ey in obey, eigh in eight 

hhsh in ship, tion in nation, sion in missionary 

hhth in thick / thr in three 

hhsc in scat / sk in skate 

hhor in morning / war in warm 

hhou in out / ow in owl 

hhch in church / tch in patch, ture in pasture 

hher in verse, ur in nurse, ir in bird, ear in earth, -er in bigger, 

wr in wrinkle, or in sailor, ar in dollar 

hhoo in tooth / ew in flew 

hhoi in coin / oy in boy 

hhoo in book, ou in could, u in push 

hha in adopt, o in shovel, a in banana, a- in asleep, ough in enough, ou 

in country 

hhall in ball, alk in walk, au in faucet, aw in saw, ought in thought, aught 

in caught 

hhg in giant / dge in fudge 

hhair in hair, arr in carry, are in care, err in cherry 

Phonics cont. p. 32

Second Grade 

Phonics cont. 

Skills Development cont. 

hhSpell compound words correctly by applying special sound application 

tips / rules 

hhRead compound words with speed and accuracy 

hhRead “challenge words” with speed and accuracy 

hhDevelop listening through dictated sentences; using phonics application 

skills while students: 

hhRemember each word 

hhSpell each word correctly 

hhSpell contractions correctly 

hhSpell number words, days of the week, months of the year 

hhCapitalize correctly based on rules learned 

hhChoose correct ending punctuation 

•• 

Understand that syllables are parts of words 


•• 

Correctly divide words into syllables between: 

•• 

Double consonants; root words and suffixes 

•• 

A vowel and a consonant; two differing consonants 

•• 

Prefixes and root words 

hhIdentify the number of syllables in a given word and which syllable is 

accented / loudest (ex.: “e-nor’-mous” has 3 syllables and the 2nd syllable 

is accented) 

•• 

Identify root words 

hhDemonstrate ability to add prefixes and suffixes to a root word while 

spelling the new word correctly by applying the following rules: 

•• 

When a root word ends with a single consonant and the vowel is 

short, the consonant is usually doubled before adding a suffix beginning 

with a vowel. (ex.: swim + ing = swimming) 

•• 

When a root word ends with a silent e, the e is usually dropped before 

adding a suffix that begins with a vowel. (ex.: hike + ed = hiked) 

hhWhen a root word ends with a y and the suffix begins with an e, 

change the y to an i before adding the suffix. (ex.: try + ed = tried) 


Each student will be successful in second grade reading as he masters the application of phonics 

rules. The early readers have stories written with words that are directly tied to what is being 

learned in phonics class. Subsequent readers present children’s classics, stories from America’s 

past, selections by famous authors, and stories with heroes that the children can emulate. One 

reader is a juvenile novel, another presents life in Israel in the days of Christ, and others include 

fables, animal tales, stories from children’s classics, biographical stories, poetry, Scripture readings, 

and patriotic stories. 


•• 

103 authors, including well-known 

writers such as Beatrix Potter, A. 

A. Milne, Hans Christian Andersen, 

Robert Louis Stevenson, Louisa May 

Alcott, and Nathaniel Hawthorne 

•• 

Selections and adaptations from 

children’s literature such as The Princess 

and the Pea, The Adventures of 

Pinocchio, Aesop’s Fables, Grimm’s 

Fairy Tales, The Tale of Peter Rabbit, 

and Winnie-the-Pooh 

•• 

Character-building themes such as 

gratitude, responsibility, helpfulness, 

industry, persistence, courage, patriotism, 

and integrity 


Materials 

• 


•• 

Short stories (184) and poems (81) 

•• 

Christian fiction novel, Bible geography 

book, and nonfiction book 

about animals 

•• 

Primary Bible Reader includes 

Scripture reading 

Evaluation 

•• 

Weekly oral reading grade 


•• 


and rules 

hhRead silently and complete comprehension activities 

•• 

Strive for increasing accuracy, correct enunciation, fluency, phrasing, 

alertness to punctuation, good expression, comprehension, 

appropriate pace for grade level, volume, and poise 

•• 

Follow along as others read orally 

•• 


•• 

Increase vocabulary 

Readers 

•• 

Story Tree—20 stories and 11 poems; uses words with special sounds 

from Basic Phonics Charts 6–9 

•• 

Treasure Chest—20 stories and 22 poems and riddles; covers Basic 

Phonics Charts 8–13 

•• 

Hidden Treasure—26 stories and 10 poems including classic literature 

and stories with patriotic themes 

•• 

No Longer a Nobody—a Christian fiction novel containing 6 chapters 

•• 

Paths of Gold—27 stories and 12 poems including classic literature 

and Scripture selections 

•• 

Sunshine Meadows—42 stories and 21 poems with a wide variety of 

styles and topics 

32 

Reading cont. p. 33

Second Grade 

Reading cont. 

Readers cont. 

•• 

Silver Sails—16 stories and 3 poems containing legends, fairy tales, 

and historical stories 

•• 

Open Skies—a supplemental reader containing 22 stories and 14 

poems with a wide variety of styles and topics 

•• 

Growing Up Where Jesus Lived—a 10-chapter informational book 

describing life in Palestine in the days of Christ; used as a reader 

for class reading 

•• 

All Kinds of Animals—an informational class reading book containing 

14 selections on animals; “Do You Remember” sections 

especially help develop comprehension skills 


•• 

Primary Bible Reader—30 class reading lessons including selected stories 

and passages from the Old Testament, such as Genesis, Exodus, 

Numbers, Joshua, Judges, 1 Samuel, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, 

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Daniel, and Jonah; and New Testament selections 

from Matthew, Luke, John, Acts, (epistles such as) Ephesians, 

Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Timothy, Hebrews, James, 1 & 2 Peter, 

1 John, and Revelation 



• 


•• 



Language 2 is used to practice concepts taught in phonics class. Concepts learned 

in first grade are reinforced as students go on to master the following areas: 

recognizing and correctly punctuating three kinds of sentences; giving compound 

words, rhyming words, antonyms, synonyms, contractions, and singular possessive 

words in response to a written prompt; forming plurals; and using troublesome 

words correctly. By the end of the year, the students’ reading comprehension skills 

will be sharpened; and they will write more clearly, correctly, and concisely. 



•• 

Word Challenge section to expand 

vocabulary (1,499 terms) 

Note: See 2nd Grade Cursive Writing 

section in this Scope & Sequence (p. 34) 

for additional creative writing exercises. 

Evaluation 

•• 

Some language skills are included in 

weekly phonics tests 

Grammar 

• 


•• 

First word in the sentence 

•• 

Days of week and months of year 

hhHolidays and special days 

•• 

Names of people 

•• 

The word I 

•• 

Titles 

•• 

Punctuation: 

•• 

Using periods to end sentences 

hhUsing question marks and exclamation points to end sentences 

hhUsing an apostrophe to show ownership (’s) 

hhThe sentence: 

hhRecognize complete sentences 

hhRecognize that a phrase is part of a sentence 

hhRecognize questions and exclamations 

hhLearn terms: exclamatory, declarative, and interrogative sentences 

•• 


•• 

Add suffixes and prefixes to root words 

•• 

Determine number of syllables 

hhDetermine accented syllables 

•• 

Recognize and use correctly: 

•• 

Compound words, rhyming words 

•• 

Opposite words (antonyms), same-meaning words (synonyms), 

same-sounding words (homonyms) 

hhSingular and plural words; singular possessives 

•• 

Contractions 

•• 

Divide words into syllables 

•• 

Alphabetize words 

hhCorrectly use words such as sit, sat, set; learn, teach; may, can; 

to, too, two; right, write; blue, blew 

hhAbbreviate days of the week, months of the year, selected English 

measures, selected titles such as Dr., Mr., Mrs. 

•• 

Comprehend reading material and answer questions 

•• 

Correctly use a glossary (terms: guide words, entry) 

Composition 

• 

• Write: 

•• 

Complete sentences (109) 

•• 

Original sentence (90) 

•• 

Rewrite a sentence correctly (68) 

•• 

Answer a question in complete sentence (37) 

•• 

Paragraph about a topic (26) 

•• 

Composition about a designated topic (15) 

•• 

Thank-you letter 


Extra practice available in Seatwork curriculum: 

• • Copy sentences (22) 

• • Finish / correct sentences (63) 

• • Write original sentences (449) 

• • Write friendly letters (4) 

• • Glossary skill exercises (130) 

33

Second Grade 


Building upon each grade, the consistent step-by-step approach to good 

penmanship presented in Writing with Phonics 2 emphasizes neatness 

and correct letter formation in daily practice. Writing habits which are 

polished during second grade will greatly influence students’ penmanship 

skills throughout life. 



•• 

Journal containing 13 creative writing 

exercises and dated journal entries 

Evaluation 

•• 

Tests (30) 


•• 

Achieve good writing position: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Perfect writing skills for a good, overall appearance: 

•• 

Correctly writing all lower- and uppercase letters and numbers 0–9 

hhPerforming correct warm-up procedure by practicing basic strokes 

hhKeeping size consistent while making a connection without the 

help of a dotted line 

hhWriting without use of dotted lines; double-spaced writing 

•• 

Placing letters correctly on the lines, slanting letters properly, writing 

slowly and carefully, making smooth connections between letters 

•• 


•• 

Copy good cursive models to reinforce capitalization / punctuation 

rules and simple sentences includes: 

•• 

Copy Scripture or a sentence (79) 

•• 

Copy a paragraph (28) 

•• 

Copy a title (7) 

•• 

Number formation 

•• 

Creative writing practice: 

•• 

Dated journal entries (31) 

•• 

Original compositions using an assigned theme (17) 

•• 

Writing an acrostic (2) 

•• 

Develop listening skills by writing dictated sentences (12) 


In second grade, spelling is taught as an individual subject for the first time. The spelling curriculum 

continues to be correlated with phonics. The spelling lists in Spelling and Poetry 2 reinforce 

the phonics concepts which the students are learning. By the end of the year, students will be 

learning vocabulary words and their definitions. Poems for memorization have been selected for 

their beauty of language, literary greatness, and character-building qualities. 


•• 


•• 

Spelling words (625) 

•• 

Vocabulary words (645) 

•• 

Organized by special sounds 

•• 

Worksheet activities (106): 

•• 

Build on previous concepts 

•• 

Reinforce new concepts 

•• 

Homework sheets (30) include spelling list 

and helpful hints or featured special sounds 

•• 

Glossary for application and practice 

•• 


Evaluation 

•• 

Spelling tests (32) 



hhMaster spelling lists including: 

hh60 sight words and 23 contractions 

hh50 vocabulary words and definitions 

hhUse vocabulary words in proper context 

hhCorrectly write sentences dictated by teacher using vocabulary words 

hhCreate good sentences using spelling and vocabulary words 

•• 

Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily: 

•• 

Teacher-directed oral practice 

• 

• Independent written practice 

•• 

Hear and see spelling and vocabulary words in example sentences, in 

order to: 

•• 

Clearly picture each word’s meaning; differentiate between soundalike 

words 

hhUse words correctly when speaking and writing 

•• 

Use spelling words in creative writing exercises 

hhLearn beginning dictionary skills such as using guide words, locating 

entries quickly, finding word definitions, and alphabetizing words 

34 

Spelling & Poetry cont. p. 35

Second Grade 

Spelling & Poetry cont. 

Spelling Skills Development cont. 

• 

• Learn spelling rules: 

•• 

Know: one- and two-vowel rules; k comes before i and e; c comes 

before a, o, and u 

•• 

Correctly use at end of word: double consonants ll, ff, or ss; 

vowels e, o, or y; ck after a short vowel; ke after a long vowel 

•• 

Double a consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a 

vowel 

•• 

Drop the silent e 

Worksheet Activities: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• Solving crossword puzzles; thinking of homonyms 

• Creating phrases; grouping similar words together 

• Understanding the meaning of vocabulary words 

• Finding misspelled words and knowing how to correct them 

•• 

Matching contractions with their words 

•• 

Combining root words with the suffixes -y, -er, -est, -ly, -en, -es 

•• 

Using prefixes a-, al-, be-, en-, un- 



• 

• 

•• 


• 

• 




• Develop appropriate expression and volume 

• Improve comprehension 

hhLearn definitions and use of unfamiliar words 

•• 

Maintain interest and increase understanding with comprehension questions 

Arithmetic 

The traditional work-text Arithmetic 2 builds a foundation for learning more abstract concepts 

and teaches students how to apply mathematical concepts to real-life situations. Concepts 

taught or reviewed in Arithmetic 2 include counting, place value, addition and subtraction, 

money, time, graphs, simple geometry, multiplication and division, and Roman numerals. 

Students will apply the skills and facts they have learned as they complete word problems 

that are based on concrete situa tions. New material is built on prior learning and encourages 

students to think through new concepts. Arithmetic 2 and curriculum include daily reasoning 

questions that challenge students’ thinking ability. 


•• 

Higher-level thinking activities (139) 

•• 


•• 

Thematic units: pond, transportation, 

children of the world, jungle, workers 

and helpers, camping 

•• 


•• 


•• 



Evaluation 

•• 


•• 

Daily skills-development exercises (128) 

•• 

Oral tests (31): combinations, answers, 

and detailed instructions for weekly oral 

tests in daily lesson plans 

Numbers 

•• 

Recognize and understand numbers: 

•• 

1–1,000 

hh1,001–10,000 

•• 

Counting: 

•• 

By ones, twos, fives, and tens to 100 

•• 

By threes to 36 

hhBy fours to 48 

hhBy twenty-fives to 300 

•• 

Continue counting patterns 

•• 

Tally marks 

•• 


•• 

By ones, twos, fives, and tens to 1,000 

•• 

By threes to 36 

hhBy fours to 48 

hhDictation to ten thousands 

•• 

Comparing before and after: 

•• 

By ones, twos, fives, tens 

hhBy threes and fours 

•• 

Number words: 

•• 

Use of one to twelve 

hhUse of thirteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, 

ninety, one hundred 

•• 

Place value: 

•• 

Ones, tens, hundreds 

hhThousands, ten thousands, hundred thousands 

hhMoney: round to nearest dollar; to nearest ten 

•• 

Roman numerals: 

•• 

Counting and value: 

•• 

1–12 

hh13–30; 50; 100; 500; 1,000 

•• 

Reading clock using Roman numerals 

35 


Second Grade 


Numbers cont. 

h h Basic rules for Roman numerals: 

h h Add repeated Roman numerals 

h h Add when lesser numeral follows greater one 

h h Subtract when lesser numeral comes before greater one 

Addition 

• 

• Addition families: 

•• 

1 –18 

•• 

Horizontal and vertical form 

•• 

Add on 0, 1, and 2 

•• 

Add doubles 

•• 

Add doubles plus one 

hhAddition terminology 

•• 

Addition “twins” (concept of commutative principle) 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Word problems: oral, written 

•• 

Mental arithmetic: 

hhProblems with up to 5 single-digit numbers 

hhProblems with double-digit addend with carrying 

hhEstimate sums 

•• 

Carrying: 

•• 

To tens’ and hundreds’ places in 2- and 3-digit problems 

hhTo ten-thousands’ place in 3- and 4-digit problems 

hhHorizontal problems with carrying 

•• 

Money: add dollars and cents 

Subtraction 

• 

• Subtraction families: 

•• 

1 –13 

hh14 –18 

• 

• 

• 

• Vertical and horizontal form 

• Subtract: 

• 0, 1, 2; all of a number 

hhHalf of a number 

hhSubtraction terminology 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 


hhMental arithmetic: 

hhProblems combining single- and double-digit subtraction and addition 

• 

• 

• Subtraction with borrowing: 

• 2 and 3 digits 

hh4 digits 

• 

• Borrowing: 

hhFrom tens’ place in 2-, 3-, and 4-digit problems 

hhFrom hundreds’ place in 3- and 4-digit problems 

hhFrom thousands’ place in 4-digit problems 

hhWith zeros in the minuend 

• 

• Money: subtract dollars and cents 


• 

• Building blocks: 

•• 

Counting by twos, threes, fives, and tens 

hhCounting by fours 


hhGraphs to show multiplication facts 

hhTerms: factor, product 

• 

• Multiply: 

hhBy 1, 0 

hhTables, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 

hhFind missing factor 

hhMultiple combinations 

hhMultiplication “twins” (concept of commutative principle) 

Division 

hhConcept of division 

hhBuilding blocks: dividing groups of objects 

hhRecognize symbols: ÷ and 


hhTerm: quotient 

hhDivide: 

hhBy 1 

hhTables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 


Fractions 

• 

(division house) 

• Parts of a whole and group: one half, one third, one fourth 

•• 

Finding the fractional part of a whole number 


hhMixed numbers 

Decimals 

•• 

Money: use of dollar sign ($) and decimal point (.) in addition 

hhAlign decimal points when adding and subtracting dollars and cents 


• 

• Building blocks: oral word problems 

•• 

Word problems: 

•• 

Addition, subtraction 

hhMultiplication, division 

•• 

Money 

hhFractions 

hhCarrying, borrowing 

hhSteps of problem- solving process 

• 

•• 

Time, length, temperature 

• 

• Applications for broader and deeper understanding of concepts: 

• Graphs, weight, money 

hhFractions, recipes 


36 


Second Grade 


Time 

• 

• Clock: 

•• 

Hour and minute hands 

•• 

A.M. and P.M. 

•• 

O’clock (:00); half past (:30) 

•• 

Quarter past; quarter till; three-quarters past 

•• 

Five-minute intervals 

hhOne-minute intervals 

• 

• 

•• 

Days, months, year 

• 

• 

• Table of time: 

• Seconds, minutes, hours 

• Calendar: 

• Months of year, days of week 

hhDays in year, weeks in year 

•• 

Date 

hhTime zones, time lapse 

hhDates as digits 

Money 

•• 

Recognition and value of penny, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar 

•• 

Counting pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters, half dollars 

hhCombining coins for any amount 

hhConverting to cents using dollar sign ($) and decimal point (.) 

•• 


hhRecognize symbols: 

h h$ (dollar) 

•• 

¢ (cent) 

hhAdding money using dollar sign ($) and decimal point (.) 

hhMaking change 

Measures 

•• 


•• 

Temperature: 

•• 

Degrees: reading, writing 

hhIntroduced to: 

hhCelsius scale 

hhFreezing and boiling point of water 

hhBody temperature on Fahrenheit scale 

hhTemperatures below zero 

•• 

Length: 

hhQuarter inch 

•• 

Inch, foot, yard, centimeter 

hhMeter 

hhAbbreviations 

hhSmallest to longest; comparing lengths 

hhApplications: measuring, drawing 

•• 

Weight: 

•• 

Ounce, pound, kilogram 

hhGram 

hhApplications 

• 

• 

• 

• Dozen, half dozen 

• Capacity: cup, pint, quart, gallon 

• Perimeter of rectangle 

hhPerimeter of square 


• 

• Bar graphs: 

•• 

Horizontal 

hhVertical 

•• 

Pictographs 

hhLine graphs: plot point on line graph 

hhRead a grid, a map 

Geometry 

•• 

Plane figures: circle, square, rectangle, triangle 

hhSolid figures: introduce concept 

hhVertex: identify number of vertexes in plane and solid shapes 

hhMeasure and draw lines 

hhScale drawings 

•• 

Symmetry 

hhLocations on a coordinate plane 

•• 

Perimeter: 

•• 

Rectangle 

hhSquare 


37

Second Grade 


Our America takes students back into history to learn what life would have been 

like in our country’s early days. Students will study the lives of groups of people 

who have made valuable contributions to our American heritage: the Pilgrims, 

American Indians, early colonists, pioneers, cowboys, and immigrants. 

In addition to maps and geographical facts, Our America also features information 

about our flag and the history behind our patriotic holidays and songs. Review 

questions and activities throughout the text help to check students’ comprehension. 



•• 

Vocabulary boxes featuring difficult 

words 

•• 

Activities included in student text and 

teacher edition such as games, class 

parades, art projects, class diorama 

•• 

Songs such as “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” 

and “Pawpaw Patch” passed down through 

history from early Americans 

America 

•• 

Our flag: 

•• 

Meaning 

hhFlag etiquette 

•• 

Our patriotic holidays: 

hhGeorge Washington’s Birthday, Abraham Lincoln’s Birthday 

hhMemorial Day, Flag Day, Independence Day 

hhLabor Day, Veteran’s Day, Thanksgiving Day 

• 

• 

• America’s Songs: 

• “My Country, ‘Tis of Thee,” “The Star-Spangled Banner,” 

“America the Beautiful,” “God Bless America” 

h h“Yankee Doodle” 

People Who Built America 

hhPilgrims: Separatists and Strangers 

hhNative Americans: contributions from New England tribes, 

especially toward the Pilgrims 

hhColonists: homes, jobs, school 

hhPioneers: Daniel Boone, westward movement 

hhCowboys: cattle drive, stampede, songs 

hhNew Americans: 

hhImmigrants, islanders, Black Americans 

hhContributions and songs 

Tomorrow’s America 

hhWhat will I be? 

hhHow can I help my country? 


•• 

Cardinal directions 

•• 

Continents 

•• 

Home state 

•• 

Neighbors to north and south: Canada and Mexico 

•• 

Location of England 

•• 

Mississippi River 

•• 

Gulf of Mexico 

hhLearn 50 states 

hhOceans 

hhSections of the country: Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest 

hhGreat Lakes 

Science 

Enjoying God’s World guides the student’s study of God’s plan for creation. 

Students will increase both their reading comprehension and their knowledge 

of scientific concepts while learning about the human body, plants and animals, 

matter and energy, and earth and space from God’s viewpoint. 

Through the “how” and “why” questions that are answered in this text, children will 

learn about the world around them while developing their thinking skills. Enjoying 

God’s World also includes hands-on activities and demonstrations that help to 

increase each student’s comprehension of basic science concepts. 


•• 

Additional hands-on learning 

activities in daily lesson plans 

•• 

Lesson activities (18) 

•• 



Human Biology 

hhMuscles, energy 

• 

• Using food: 

hhEnergy foods: starch, fat 

hhProtein foods: 

•• 

Exercise 

hhMinerals, vitamin foods 

38 

•• 

Taking care of our teeth: 

hhEnamel, gum, root 

hhDifferent jobs of teeth: cutting, tearing, grinding 

•• 

Tips for taking care of teeth: 

•• 

Brushing 

hhFlossing 

•• 

Keeping clean: pores, oil, sweat; wash away dirt each day 

Science cont. p. 39

Second Grade 

Science cont. 

Human Biology cont. 

• 

• Enjoying exercise 

•• 

Rest and sleep: 10–12 hours of sleep; necessary for growth 


hhFinding out which foods have sugar in them 

Animal World 

• 

• Animals: 

•• 

Instincts and equipment 

•• 

Examples of different animals: 

hhSpider, praying mantis 

•• 

Chicken, owl 

•• 

Earthworm: 

•• 

Burrows 

hhBristles 

•• 

Animal homes: 

•• 

Nests, tunnels 

hhDens 

•• 

Beaver: 

hhEngineer, webbed feet, lodge 

•• 

Animals’ protection: 

hhCamouflage 

•• 

Insects: 

•• 

Designed by God; six legs 

hhThree parts: head, thorax, abdomen 

•• 

Baby insects: 

•• 

Caterpillar to butterfly: 

hhChrysalis and cocoon 

•• 

Good insects: 

hhHoneybees: pollen 

hhWorker bees 

•• 

Harmful insects: 

hhFlies, termites, beetles, and grasshoppers 


hhDiscovering which home earthworms prefer 

hhDiscovering why webbed feet help the beaver swim 

hhFinding the three body parts of insects 

• 

• Watching a caterpillar change 

Plant World 

• 

• Parts of a plant: 

•• 

Flowers or cones; stem 

•• 

Leaves: 

hhHow leaves make food in green plants: 

hhChlorophyll 

hhWhy green leaves change colors in the fall 

• 

• Roots 

hhGrowth of a tree 

hhHow seeds travel: wind and water, squirrels, birds, hitchhikers 


•• 

Seeing how water rises up a stem 

hhDiscovering whether a leaf grows without light or water 

•• 

Watching a plant grow 

Things That Work Together 

•• 

God’s plan for plants and animals 

Things That Move 

hhEnergy: makes things go; fuel 

hhForce: gravity, pull, push, friction 


hhUsing the energy from wind and moving water 

hhSeeing how gravity pulls 

• 

• Discovering how magnets pull 

Atmosphere 

hhProperties of air 

• 

• Wind: 

hhLight air moves up, heavy air moves down 

hhStorms: hurricanes, tornadoes 

• 

• Weather: 

hhSun, air, and water 

hhEvaporation 

• 

• Rain, snow 


hhHow we hear: sound and sound waves 

• 

• The air around the earth 


hhDiscovering that air is real 

hhFinding whether an empty bottle is really empty 

hhSeeing water evaporate 

hhDiscovering how to block sound waves 

Earth & Sky 

hhStars, sun, moon 

hhRound Earth: globe, North and South Pole, equator 

39

Second Grade 

Health 

The purpose of Health, Safety, & Manners 2 is to teach the basic facts of health 

and safety; to teach courtesy at home, at school, and everywhere; and to instill 

within students a desire to take care of the body God has given them. 


•• 

Hands-on learning activities, charts, 

and checklists in student book, teacher 

edition, and daily lesson plans (28) 


Health 

•• 

Posture: 

hhDetailed instruction on proper posture 

• 

• Nutrition: 

hhAppetite, nutrients 

hhFood groups: 

hhMilk: keeps us growing, healthy, active, and warm 

hhMeat and beans: protein 

hhVegetables and fruits: 

• 

• Vitamins and minerals 

hhFiber 

hhGrains 

hhFats and oils 

hhWater: every part of the body needs water 

•• 

A good breakfast 

hhA good lunch and dinner 

•• 

Good table manners: 

•• 

Thanking God for your food 

hhWaiting for food to be passed and not reaching for it 

•• 

Saying “please” and “thank you” 

hhUsing serving spoon to put food on plate 

hhKeeping hand not in use in your lap 

•• 

Keeping elbows off table 

hhNot slurping soup 

• 

• 

• Not talking with food in mouth 

• Chewing with mouth closed 

hhTaking small bites 

hhUsing a napkin 

hhProperly cutting meat and buttering bread 

hhEating a little bit of every food on the table 

hhHaving pleasant conversation 

hhExpressing thanks to the preparer of the meal 

hhBeing excused 

•• 

Exercise: 

hhFun exercises for children (5) and a group game 

•• 

Fresh air and sunshine 

hhVitamin D 

hhBenefits of playing outside in the sunshine 

•• 

Rest: amount needed; good sleeping habits 

hhThoughts: love, kindness, joy 

•• 

Cleanliness: 

•• 

Skin and hair: bathing 

•• 

Fingernails and hands: 

hhCuticles, chapped skin 

•• 

Cuts 

•• 

Washing and combing hair: 

hhLice 

hhWashing face, neck, and ears 

•• 

Teeth: 

hhCavities 

•• 

Brushing 

hhFlossing 

•• 

Good dental-care habits: 

•• 

Importance of milk 

hhEating a variety of foods; limiting sweets; crunchy foods for snacks 

•• 

Avoid chewing gum 

• 

• Adequate brushing 

hhRegular flossing 

•• 

Regular dental checkups 

•• 

Eyes: 

hhParts of the eye (diagram) 

•• 

Proper care 

hhEye trouble 

• 

• Good eye-care habits: 

hhReading with a light 

•• 

Not rubbing your eyes 

•• 

Safety while holding sharp things 

•• 

Protection from sun and other bright lights 

hhAvoid reading while riding in a car 

•• 

Proper rest and doctor checkups 

•• 

Keeping eyeglasses clean 

•• 

Ears: 

hhParts of the ear (diagram) 

•• 

Proper care 

hhEar trouble 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• Good ear-care habits: 

• Proper washing of ears 

• Putting items in ears 

• Protecting ears from getting hit 

40 

Health cont. p. 41

Second Grade 

Health cont. 


Health cont. 

hhProper removal of ear wax 

hhProtecting ears from loud noises 

• 

• Protecting ears in cold, windy weather 

hhFollowing doctor’s orders 

•• 

Disease prevention: 

hhCommunicable diseases 

•• 

Preventing colds: 

hhBreathing through your nose 

•• 

Keeping hands away from face 

•• 

Covering mouth when coughing 

•• 

Covering mouth and nose when sneezing 

•• 

Using handkerchiefs: clean cloth ones, paper tissues 

•• 

Not eating from someone else’s food 

•• 

Rest and exercise 

•• 

Eating nutritious meals 

hhStaying away from anyone who has a cold 

•• 


•• 

Sitting and standing tall 

•• 

Eating nutritious meals 

•• 

Exercising every day 

•• 

Playing and working outside in fresh air and sunshine 

hhWorking and playing safely 

•• 

Regular doctor and dentist checkups 

•• 

Keeping your body clean 

•• 

Brushing teeth daily 

hhFlossing teeth daily 

•• 

Protecting eyes and ears 

•• 

Getting plenty of sleep 

•• 

Being happy 

Safety 

• 

• Safety away from home: 

•• 

Parental permission: 

•• 

Going directly home after school 

•• 

Going places alone or with friends 

hhEating away from home 

•• 

Avoid: 

•• 

Accepting a ride from a stranger 

hhTaking candy, ice cream, or money from a stranger 

•• 

Putting flowers, leaves, or twigs in your mouth 

hhDanger, Keep Out, and No Trespassing signs 

•• 

Staying away from stray animals 

•• 

Safety on the street: 

hhRecreation: not in street; safety playing in a driveway 

•• 

Knowing where to walk when there is no sidewalk 

hhObeying traffic lights 

hhProperly crossing a street or railroad track 

•• 

Using street corners and regular crosswalks to cross street 

hhSafety around parked cars 

• 

• Bicycle safety: 

hhOn a busy street 

•• 

Proper riding on a street 

hhWalking a bike across a busy intersection 

•• 

Using a safety helmet 

•• 

Proper steering 

•• 

Using hand signals 

•• 

Passengers 

•• 

Keeping your bike in good working order 

• 

•• 

Using car seat belts 

• 

• 

• 

• Cars and buses: 

• Staying seated on a bus; keeping hands inside bus or car windows 

• How to cross the street after getting off a bus 

• How to get out of a car that is parked on a street 

hhWhile riding in a car or bus: danger of sharp items; keeping hands 

away from driver or steering wheel 

•• 

Safety around water: 

•• 

Importance of swimming lessons 

hhAdult supervision for swimming or wading 

hhStaying out from under a diving board 

hhGoing only in areas marked safe for swimming: not boating areas or 

areas where water depth is unknown 

hhSafety with lifeguard and other swimmers 

hhUsing common sense in the water 

hhSafety around the pool’s perimeter 

•• 

Boat safety: 

•• 

Lifejackets; sitting while boat is moving 

hhKeeping legs inside boat 

hhAvoiding prolonged exposure to sun 

hhStaying out of the water during a thunderstorm 

•• 

Safety during bad weather: 

hhUse caution crossing slippery streets 

hhHow to properly hold an umbrella 

hhStay away from broken electrical wires on or near the ground 

•• 

During a thunderstorm: 

•• 

Where to take refuge 

•• 

Safety with telephones and electrical cords 

hhSafety with electrical appliances 

•• 

Safety in the home: 

hhReaching high items with a stepladder 

hhPicking up things as soon as they fall 

hhKeeping stairways clear 

hhWalking, not running, in the house; walking carefully on stairs 

hhKeeping shoelaces tied 

hhStoring skates out of way 

•• 

Properly carrying pointed objects 

hhProperly handing a pointed object to someone 

•• 

Never playing with real guns 

hhKeeping a screen in front of fire in the fireplace 

41 

Health cont. p. 42

Life of Moses SERIES 1 

6 Lessons—34 Cards 

1 The Baby in the River 

2 The Burning Bush 

3 The Contest with Pharaoh 

4 The First Nine Plagues 

5 The Passover 

6 Crossing the Red Sea 


Flash-a-Card 

abeka.com 

Second Grade 

Health cont. 

Safety cont. 

• • Never playing with matches 

hhNever allowing small children to play with matches 

hhFire escape plan 

hhYour area’s emergency telephone number 

hhBathroom safety: 

hhPutting soap in its container after using it 

hhUsing nonskid mat in tub or shower 

hhWiping up water spills 

h 

hhKeeping electrical appliances away from water 

• 

h Keeping medicines and cleaning fluids out of reach of children 

• Properly using electrical cords 

hhKitchen safety: 

hhKeeping drawers and cupboard doors closed 

hhImmediate attention to spills and broken glass 

hhProperly plugging in appliances 

hhUsing a sharp knife correctly with permission 

hhProperly using the garbage disposal 

h 

h Dressing safely for cooking 

hhStove safety: position of pan handles, flammable items, lifting hot 

foods and liquids, correctly turning off burners 

•• 

Fire safety: stop, drop, and roll 


Manners 

•• 

Courtesy: 

•• 

Being polite: 

•• 

Please and thank you 

hhMaking an apology 

•• 

Greeting and answering adults; introductions 

•• 

Being kind to people and animals; being cheerful: not grumbling 

•• 

Being respectful to older people and those in authority: 

hhOffering your seat 

hhSpeaking when spoken to 

hhRefering to an older person by his full name 

hhNever contradicting an older person 

hhBeing respectful to your country: 

hhNot flying the flag in bad weather 

hhHow to properly raise, lower, display our flag normally and as sign 

of trouble; keeping flag from touching the ground or water 

•• 

Being thoughtful: 

hhThe Golden Rule 

•• 

Being patient: waiting in line, taking turns talking 

•• 

Always be courteous: 

•• 

At the table 

hhOn the telephone: answering; dialing the wrong number 

Bible 

Moses in EGYPT 

´kqf'a¨ 

75817007 

Second graders will enjoy learning about a variety of Bible characters including 

Joshua, Judges, Ruth, Jonah, and Moses. The A Beka Book Flash-a Cards help 

students visualize events as they study the life of Moses and his journey from 

Egypt to the Promised Land. Students will learn about Moses’ decision to suffer 

with God’s people rather than live in luxury; they will also learn that even though 

Moses chose to follow God, he still faced many trials. By studying Bible characters 

such as Moses, students will learn how to respond to real-life joys and struggles. 

Evaluation 

•• 




•• 


hhLife of Moses Series (20): Moses in Egypt; Journey to Sinai; Journey 

through the Wilderness 

hhTabernacle (3) 

•• 

First Christmas (5) 

hhJoshua (7); Judges (6); Ruth (3) 

•• 

Crucifixion and Resurrection (9) 

hhJonah (2); Favorite Bible Stories 1 and 2 (10) 

•• 

The First Thanksgiving 


•• 



Memory Work 


• 



•• 

Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, salvation, 


Prayer Time 

•• 



42

Second Grade 

Music 

The traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun selections in Songs We Enjoy 2 have delighted children 

for many years. Enrichment ideas for teaching new songs and ideas for motions and props are 

included throughout the book. The sing-along CD makes song time enjoyable for the students 

and easy for the teacher. 



hhDefine 14 unfamiliar words in the lyrics 

• 

• Exercise creativity by acting out songs with props 

hhImprove coordination by tapping or clapping with leader to steady beat 

•• 

Learn to: 

•• 

Follow a song leader while staying together with class or CD 

hhSing in a round while staying together with group and staying on pitch 

hhReinforce Bible stories through fun Bible songs 

• 

• 

• Benefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest: 

• Making appropriate animal sounds 

hhHumming; enunciating silly words; echo singing; drumming sounds 

•• 

Using dynamic contrast 


•• 

Fun, folk, holiday, spirituals and gospel, patriotic 

Arts & Crafts 

Art Projects 2 is a full-color book designed to give month-by-month variety in art. Working with 

various types of media, students learn elementary art techniques such as incorporating basic shapes, 

coloring and drawing techniques, painting, using primary and complementary colors, and creating 

three-dimensional forms. Seasonal projects are also included. 



•• 

Basic shapes; 3-D forms (20) 

•• 

Increasing fine motor skills through: 

•• 

Paper folding, cutting, and gluing (46) 

hhPaper curling (4) 

hhMixing primary and complementary colors (6) 

hhIntroducing motion and texture lines (4) 

hhCreating mosaics and collages (3) 

hhColoring with an underhand grip (1) 


•• 

Enhancing basic concepts of color, line, shape, and texture through: 

•• 

Directional drawing and coloring (13) 

hhPainting techniques such as: spatter, wet-on-dry, wax-resist, etc. (10) 

hhCrayon rubbing, etching, and smudging (3) 

•• 

Mixed media; paper sculptures (31) 

hhAdding highlights and shading (10) 

43

Third Grade 


To firm up the foundation for lifelong reading skills, third graders will briefly 

review all of the phonics sounds learned in first and second grades. 



•• 

Differentiated instruction using Handbook 

for Reading included in Help Class 

(for new students and those needing 

remedial help) 


• 

• Review: 

•• 

Long and short vowel sounds 

•• 

Consonant sounds 

•• 

Consonant and vowel blends 

•• 

One- and two-vowel rules 

•• 

132 special sounds and clue words, including consonant blends, 

diphthongs, digraphs, 11 suffixes, 5 prefixes, etc. 

•• 

Know that words ending with a short vowel and k sound end with ck 

•• 

Apply phonics concepts to reading 


Students will develop reading enjoyment and appreciation for literature through a wide variety of 

quality reading selections that include children’s classics, Bible and missionary stories, biographies, 

stories of adventure, fables, stories of humor and patriotism, and tales of fantasy. Students will also 

read four novels: one based on the experiences of a young immigrant; one historical fiction; and 

simplified versions of a famous novel and a Christian classic. 

The first speed and comprehension reader is introduced. 


•• 

113 authors, including well-known writers such as 

Louisa May Alcott, Hans Christian Andersen, Dr. 

Seuss, Laura Ingalls Wilder, Sir Walter Scott, and 

Patricia St. John. 

•• 

Selections and adaptations from children’s literature 

such as Little House in the Big Woods, 

A Bear Called Paddington, The Swiss Family 

Robinson, The Ugly Duckling, Aesop’s Fables, 

Treasures of the Snow, Black Beauty, The 

Cricket in Times Square, and Pilgrim’s Progress 

•• 

Character-building themes such as faithfulness, 

determination, forgiveness, humility, obedience, 

courage, truthfulness, resourcefulness 

Materials 

• 


•• 

Short stories (135) 

•• 

Poems (61) 

•• 

Novels (4) 

•• 

Speed and comprehension reader (1): 

•• 

Read & Think 3 Skill Sheets (30) 

for timed silent reading exercises with 

written comprehension quizzes 

Evaluation 

• 

• Weekly oral reading grade 

•• 

Homework reading quizzes (15) 



•• 


and rules 

•• 

Strive for increasing: 

•• 

Accuracy, correct enunciation 

•• 

Fluency, phrasing 

•• 

Alertness to punctuation 

•• 

Good expression, comprehension 

•• 

Appropriate pace for grade level 

•• 

Volume and poise 

• 

• Ability to follow along and comprehend as others read orally 

hhVocabulary development through words and definitions included 

in readers 

44 

Readers 

•• 

Paths to Adventure—26 stories and 15 poems; contains a wide variety 

of styles and topics such as patriotic, Bible, classics, stories 

•• 

Footprints—19 stories and 4 poems with an emphasis on literary and 

moral value 

•• 

The Swiss Family Robinson—an 11 chapter adaptation of a classic story 

•• 

Crossroads—21 stories and 6 poems containing a variety of topics and 

styles 

•• 

Better Bridges—16 stories and 5 poems with an emphasis on wise, 

moral choices 

•• 

Pilgrim Boy—a 16-chapter historical fiction book following a Separatist 

boy and his family as they travel to the New World onboard the 

Mayflower; includes a glossary for class practice and use 

Reading cont. p. 45

Third Grade 

Reading cont. 

Readers cont. 

•• 

Secret in the Maple Tree—a 19-chapter Christian fiction novel based 

on an immigrant family growing up in Minnesota; book is used to 

write the first book report assigned in the Language curriculum; 

includes a glossary 

•• 

Worlds of Wonder—33 stories and 18 poems; includes many patriotic 

stories of America as well as a wide variety of stories from around the 

world 

•• 

Doors to Discovery—20 stories and 9 poems of adventure emphasizing 

character values 


•• 

Pilgrim’s Progress Simplified—a 35-chapter adaptation of a timeless 

classic; contains an introduction on the life of John Bunyan; contains 

many conceptual illustrations to help students understand the meaning 

of this allegory 



• 


•• 

Answer inferential comprehension and discussion questions for most 

stories and poems 


The work-text Language 3 provides a variety of practice exercises for students as they 

begin their formal study of English as an academic subject. Students will benefit from 

solid skills instruction that will develop their thinking abilities and allow them to express 

their thoughts correctly. 

Third graders will learn to incorporate correct capitalization, punctuation, sentence 

structure, and word usage into their daily speaking and writing. Language 3 gives students 

practice in recognizing nouns and verbs and correctly using synonyms, antonyms, 

and homonyms. Students will also develop their dictionary skills and improve their writing 

skills through journal entries and creative-writing exercises. 

Evaluation 

•• 

Quizzes (22; including dictated quiz) 

•• 

Tests (15) 

•• 

Short format book reports (3) 


Grammar 

• 


•• 

First word in every sentence 

•• 

The word I 

•• 

Days of week and months of year 

hhSeasons should not be capitalized 

•• 

Holidays and special days 

hhNames referring to God and the Bible 

•• 

Names of particular people 

hhNames of particular places or things 

hhInitials 

hhTitles of respect 

hhFirst word and every important word in titles of books, stories, 

songs 

•• 

Punctuation: 

•• 

Place: 

•• 

Periods at end of declarative (telling) sentences 

•• 

Question marks after questions 

•• 

Exclamation points after sentences showing strong feeling 

hhPeriods after initials 

•• 

Periods after abbreviations 

45 

hhCommas to separate: 

hhYes or No at beginning of sentence 

hhNames of people you are speaking to (direct address) 

hhName of a town or city from the state 

hhWords or groups of words in a series 

hhParts of a date 

hhAfter greeting and closing of a friendly letter 

•• 

Apostrophes: 

•• 

In contractions 

•• 

With s to make a possessive word 

hhQuotation marks before and after a direct quotation 

•• 

The sentence: 

•• 

Recognize: 

•• 

Complete sentences 

•• 

Kinds of sentences: declarative, interrogative, exclamatory 

hhSubjects and verbs 

hhParts of speech: 

hhRecognize: 

hhCommon and proper nouns 

hhAction verbs and other verbs 

hhOver 30 irregular verbs and their correct usage 

hhAdjectives 

hhDiagram subjects and verbs 

Language cont. p. 46

Third Grade 


Grammar cont. 

•• 


hhForm plural of words 

• 

• Form contractions (34) 

hhRecognize and learn terms for same-meaning words (synonyms), 

opposite words (antonyms), and same-sounding words (homonyms) 

hhUse dictionary: guide words, pronunciation, meaning, spelling 

hhUse helping words 

hhCorrectly use: 

hhIs, are, isn’t, aren’t, and over 30 other irregular verbs 

hhWords such as there, their, they’re; its, it’s 


Composition 

•• 

Writing sentences using an assigned word or topic (97) 

•• 

Completing a sentence (14) 

•• 

Answering an interrogative sentence with a declarative sentence (12) 

•• 

Combining short sentences (8) 

•• 

Rewriting a sentence with correct captialization/punctuation (22) 

•• 

Writing: 

•• 

In chronological order 

•• 

Paragraph/group of sentences about a given topic or picture (7) 

•• 

Story about a given topic or picture (22, including 13 assigned to Journal) 

•• 

Friendly letter (3, thank-you letter, addressing an envelope) 

hhBook reports (3) 

•• 

Journal entries (27) 


Cursive Writing Skillbook contains a variety of fascinating exercises designed to give third graders 

continued instruction and practice in developing their penmanship skills. Students will receive a thorough 

review of letter formation with an emphasis on correct slant, spacing, and proportion. The many 

activities in the book allow students to review phonics, practice their dictionary skills, and improve 

their creative-writing abilities. 


•• 

Animal dictionary to help answer 91 worksheet 

questions / exercises 

•• 

26 animal reports to be copied; 5 of which 

are included in a science notebook 

•• 

50-lesson study of the U.S. state emblems 

•• 

Grid chart included with information such 

as the state capital, bird, flower, tree, and 

popular name 

•• 

13-lesson study of the Canadian provinces 

and territories 

•• 

Chart / key included with information 

such as the state capital, bird, flower, 

rock, tree, and slogan or popular name 

•• 

50 lessons including definitions, Bible 

verses, and quotations to be copied 

into a character notebook 

•• 

10 lessons including patriotic songs, 

poems, documents, and quotes from 

famous Americans that can be copied 

into a patriotic notebook 

Evaluation 

•• 

Progress report boxes (11) 

•• 

Tests (32) 



• 

• Achieve good writing position: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


• Perfect writing skills for a good overall appearance: 

•• 

Correctly writing all upper- and lowercase letters and numbers 0–9 

hhPerforming correct warm-up procedure using slants, ovals, and 

basic letter strokes 

•• 

Keeping letters uniform in size, slant, and spacing, and making 

them touch the line 

hhWriting letters 3 /4-space high, using single spacing 

hhObserving margins 

•• 

Writing slowly and carefully 

•• 

Making smooth connections between letters 

•• 


hhDemonstrate ability to copy from print into cursive 

•• 

Evaluate writing for personal improvement 

•• 

Activities including written practice and review 

•• 

Phonics skills review of all vowels and consonants as well as 132 


•• 

Dictionary skills used during Animal Dictionary Study 

•• 

Accurately reading charts and grids practiced during state and 

province study 

•• 

Creative writing practice includes 99 original sentences practicing 

good sentence structure 

46

Third Grade 


Third graders will increase their vocabulary as they study the spelling and vocabulary words found in 

Spelling & Poetry 3. Each list contains words from everyday life and “content words” that include terms 

from other academic areas. Students will learn to spell and define two to three vocabulary words with 

each list and learn to use them in good original sentences. They will also build spelling and vocabulary 

skills by completing a variety of practice exercises. 

The poetry section acquaints students with a wide variety of good poetry through classroom recitation 

and memorization. By discussing the meaning and purpose of each poem, students will develop their 

comprehension skills. 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Vocabulary words and definitions (100) 

•• 

Practice exercises (34) 

•• 


• 

•• 

Character-building quotations 

•• 

Teacher resources: 

•• 

Sentence banks 

•• 

Practical spelling tips and suggestions 

•• 

Poetry: 

• Pronunciation key 

•• 

Poem introductions include: 

•• 

Glossary of vocabulary words includes pronunciation 

and definition of each vocabulary word •• 

Suggested motions, enrichment 

•• 

Discussion ideas, historical content 

activities 

Evaluation 

•• 




hhMaster spelling lists 

• 

• Use vocabulary words in proper context 

hhMemorize vocabulary definitions 

•• 

Correctly write sentences dictated by teacher using vocabulary words 

•• 

Create good sentences using spelling and vocabulary words 

•• 

Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily: 

•• 

Teacher-directed oral practice 

•• 

Independent written practice 

•• 

Develop dictionary skills 

•• 

Recognize misspelled words in pairs or sentences 

•• 

Learn spelling rules: 

•• 

Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like a 

•• 

Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel 

•• 

Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel 

hhKnow how to form contractions 



• 

• 

•• 


• 

• 

• 




• Learn definitions and use of unfamiliar words 

• Improve comprehension through thinking questions 

hhDiscuss meaning and purpose of poems 

hhUse proper observation of punctuation 

47

Third Grade 



A thorough review of the facts and concepts students learned in grades 1 and 2 

provides the foundation for new material covered in Arithmetic 3. Extensive work is 

provided in multiplication and division; word problems up to four steps; Roman numerals; 

averaging numbers; standard measures; equations; and adding, subtracting, 

and reducing fractions. Students also benefit from the abundance of review problems 

as well as supplementary problems designed to meet individual needs. 

Evaluation 

•• 

Skills development exercises (138) 

•• 

Tests (32) 


Numbers 

• 

• Place value: ones, tens, hundreds, thousands; money 

•• 


•• 

From dictation to ten thousands’ place 

•• 

From number words 

•• 


•• 

Value of I, V, X, L, C, D, M 

•• 

Counting 1–30 

•• 

Basic rules: the numeral V may not be repeated or subtracted 

hhMore complex rules for forming Roman numerals 

•• 

>,

Third Grade 


Multiplication cont. 

hhCarrying: 

hhTo the tens’, hundreds’, and thousands’ places 

hhIn problems with 2-digit multiplier 

hhChecking by reversing factors 

hhNumber sentences: 

hhWith unknowns 

hhWith greater/less than 

hhOrder of operations (parentheses) 

Division 

•• 

Recognize symbols: ÷ and 

•• 

Division tables: 

•• 

1–5 

hh6–12 

hhWord problems: 

hhClue words: divided equally, shared equally 

hhSteps of division 

hhTerms: dividend, divisor, quotient 

hhShort division 

hhMissing number 

hhTimed master 

hhMental arithmetic: prob lems combining division, multiplication, 

subtraction, and addition up to 5 numbers 

hhDivisors: 1 and 2 digits 

hhDividends: any number of digits, money 

hhRemainders: writing as a fraction 

hhChecking by multiplication 

hhMoney 

hhAveraging 

hhNumber sentences: 

hhWith unknowns 

hhWith greater / less than 

hhOrder of operations (parentheses) 

Fractions 

•• 

Parts of a whole: 

•• 

Halves, thirds, fourths 

hhFifths, sixths, sevenths, eighths, ninths, tenths 

hhAny fractional part 

hhParts of a group: any fractional part 

• 

• Finding the fractional part of a whole number: 

hhWith a mixed number as the answer 

hhWord problems 


hhReading and writing fractions 

hhNumber line 

hhTypes: equivalent, mixed, for a whole number 

hhReducing to lowest terms 

hhAdding: 

hhWith a common denominator 

hhMixed numbers with a common denominator 

hhSubtracting: 

hhWith a common denominator 

hhMixed numbers with a common denominator 

hhComparing fractions 

49 


Decimals 

•• 

Money: 

•• 

Use of dollar sign and decimal point in addition 

hhUse of dollar sign and decimal point in subtraction, multiplication, 

division 


•• 


hhSteps of problem-solving process 

• 

• Addition, subtraction, multiplication 

hhDivision 

• 

• Fractions, money 

hhMeasures: 

hhDry measures of capacity 

hhFeet and yards in a mile 

hhLiter 

hhConverting measures 

hhMeasurement problems 

• 

• Clue words 

hhUp to 4 steps 

•• 

Mixed operations 

•• 

Applications: 

hhPuzzles 


•• 

Time, length, money, weight, fractions 

Time 

•• 

Clock: face, hour/minute hands 

•• 

A.M. and P.M. 

•• 

Reading and writing time 

•• 

Table of time: 

•• 

Seconds, minutes, hours 

•• 

Days, months 

•• 

Calendar, year 

hhLeap year 

Money 

•• 

Recognition and value of all coins 

•• 

Counting and combining all coins 

•• 

Recognize symbols: $ (dollar sign) and . (decimal point) 

•• 

Word problems, making change 

•• 

Addition 

hhSubtraction, multiplication, division; equations 

Measures 

•• 

Temperature: 

•• 

Reading and writing 

•• 

Terms: degrees 

•• 

Fahrenheit: 

•• 

Freezing and boiling points of water; normal body temperature 

•• 

Celsius: 

•• 

Freezing and boiling points of water 

hhNormal body temperature 

•• 

Length: 

•• 

English system: inch, foot, yard 

hhMile 

• 

• 

• 

• Metric system: centimeter, meter 

• Weight: 

• English system: ounce, pound 

hhTon 

• 

• Metric system: gram, kilogram 


Third Grade 


Measures cont. 

•• 

Capacity: 

•• 

English liquid measures: cup, pint, quart, gallon 

hhEnglish dry measures: pint, quart, peck, gallon, bushel 

hhMetric system: liter 

hhOrdering measures least to greatest 

hhConverting from one measure to another within same system 

hhAdding unlike measures within same system 

hhSubtracting unlike measures within same system 


hhStatistics: averaging 

Geometry 

• 

• Plane figures: 

•• 

Recognize and draw shapes: 

•• 

Circle, rectangle, square 

hhParallelogram, rhombus 

•• 

Triangle 

hhTrapezoid 

hhRecognize right angle, parallel lines 

Pre-Algebra 


hhFinding the unknown number in an equation 


Our American Heritage is a biographical study of the people who made an impact on American history 

through their character, contributions, and courage. Students will be inspired as they learn more information 

about these great Americans. This chronologically arranged introduction to American history 

makes it easier for students to remember important events and provides them with valuable heroes 

and role models. This 89-lesson course is taught in the spring semester. 


• 

• Important words and names boxes 

•• 

Timeline of 10 important dates to clearly 

show time period relating to the 22 

people studied 

•• 

Important places boxes with map(s) (16) 

•• 

Comprehension checks (40) 

•• 

Stop and Think sections: considering how 

to impact our country for good 

•• 

Geography worksheets (18) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Quizzes (19) 

•• 

Tests (7) 


Study of Our American Heritage through 

Biographies of Great People 

hhChristopher Columbus: discovery of America 

hhJohn Smith: founding of Jamestown 

hhPocahontas: helped save Jamestown 

hhMiles Standish: Pilgrim leader, founding of Plymouth Colony 

hhSquanto: an instrument of God, Pilgrims 

hhWilliam Penn: Quaker, founder of Pennsylvania 

hhBenjamin Franklin: writer, inventor, ambassador, Constitutional 

Convention 

hhGeorge Washington: general during the War for Independence, first 

President, Mount Vernon 

hhThomas Jefferson: Declaration of Independence, third President, 

Monticello, Jefferson Memorial 

hhDaniel Boone: French and Indian War, pioneer, Wilderness Road 

hhNoah Webster: The Blue-Backed Speller, an American dictionary 

hhJohn Greenleaf Whittier: “Snow-Bound” 

hhRobert E. Lee: Civil War; general of Confederate Army; Arlington, 

Virginia, Lee’s home 

hhAbraham Lincoln: sixteenth President, Civil War, ended slavery, 

assassinated, Lincoln Memorial 

hhClara Barton: American Red Cross Society 

hh 

Ulysses S. Grant: Union general, eighteenth President 

hh 

Louisa May Alcott: stories about pioneer life — Little Women, Little Men 

hh 

Booker T. Washington: founder of Tuskegee Institute 

hh 

George Washington Carver: director of agriculture at Tuskegee Institute 

hh 

Laura Ingalls Wilder: stories about pioneer life — Little House in the 

Big Woods, Little House on the Prairie, On the Banks of Plum Creek, 

By the Shores of Silver Lake 

hh 

Billy Sunday: baseball, Chicago “White Stockings,” great evangelist 

hh 

Martin Luther King, Jr.: segregation ends, Rosa Parks, “I Have a Dream” 


• 

• Globe, continents, oceans 

•• 

Map skills: 

hhMap key, compass rose, map grid, distance scale 

•• 

Directions 

• 

• 50 states taught and reviewed in sections; identification and location 

of specific states 

hhAppalachian Mountains 

•• 

Gulf of Mexico, Great Lakes, Mississippi River 

•• 

Canada, Mexico 

•• 

Rocky Mountains, Yellowstone National Park, Grand Canyon National 

Park, Yosemite National Park 

50

Third Grade 

Science 

Beginning with the most important part of God’s creation, man, Exploring God’s 

World teaches students about the human body, with an emphasis on the sense 

organs and how they work. After exploring the world of plants, students will 

learn how to classify animals as vertebrates and invertebrates. Students will also 

“visit” the ocean, desert, pond, forest, and field to observe plants and animals 

in these environments. Exploring God’s World concludes with a study of the 

weather. This 75-lesson course is taught in the fall semester. 



•• 

Hands-on learning activities in daily 

lessons (18) 

•• 

Worksheets (4) 

•• 

CDs (2; with 16 related stories) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Quizzes (18) 

•• 

Tests (6) 

Human Biology 

hhNervous System: brain, nerves, spinal cord 

•• 

Sense Organs: 

• 

• Eyes: 

hhDetailed diagram of eye 

•• 

Parts of the eye: 

• 

• Iris, pupil, lens, retina 

hhOptic nerve 

•• 

Protection: 

hhTears, glasses 

•• 

Ears: 

•• 

Sound: 

hhVibrate, sound waves 

hhDetailed diagram of ear 

•• 

Parts of the ear: 

•• 

Eardrum 

hhOuter ear, auditory (hearing) canal, middle ear, hammer, 

anvil, stirrup, cochlea, auditory nerve 

•• 

Protection 

•• 

Nose: 

hhOdors: molecules 

•• 

Tongue: 

•• 

Taste buds: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter 

•• 

Skin: 

•• 

Touch, pores 

hhSensitivity, perspiring, scab 

•• 

Protection 


hhWatching the pupil change sizes 

hhDiscovering that two eyes are better than one 

hhMaking a tin-can telephone 

•• 

Locating taste buds 

•• 

Demonstrating: 

hhMolecules traveling through the air 

hhSensitivity of nerve endings in the skin (2) 

hhGrowth of nails 

Plants 

•• 

Seeds: 

hhSeed coat 

hhNecessary for growth: water, soil, air, right temperature 

• 

• Flowers: 

hhPollination 

•• 

Stems 

•• 

Leaves: 

hhPhotosynthesis 

•• 

Roots 

•• 

Other ways of growing plants: 

hhStems, shoots, buds, and cuttings 

hhSpores and mosses 


•• 

Finding a baby plant 

hhGrowing plants from a sweet potato and white potato 

hhGrowing a plant from a cutting and a mold 

hhStudying a piece of moss 

hhMaking a spore print 

Vertebrates 

hhCharacteristics: backbones, inside skeleton, classified into five groups 

hhCorrelating worksheets (2) 

hhMammals: make milk, have hair, no more than four limbs, warmblooded, 

lungs 

hhFish: gills, fins, cold-blooded 

hhAmphibians: gills and lungs, smooth, moist skin, lay eggs, cold-blooded 

hhReptiles: 

hhCharacteristics: lungs, dry scales, cold-blooded 

hhExamples: snakes, lizards 

hhBirds: feathers, wings, two legs, lungs, bills or beaks, egg tooth 

Invertebrates 

hhCharacteristics: no backbone, weak muscles, small animals with soft 

bodies, outside skeletons if they have them, cold-blooded 

•• 

Kinds of invertebrates: 

•• 

Earthworms: 

hhSetae, ten hearts 

hhOctopuses: tentacles, defense system, siphon 

hhStarfish: tube feet, no mouth, can grow a new arm if one is lost 

•• 

Insects: 

hhBiggest group of invertebrates 

•• 

Three main characteristics: 

•• 

Six legs 

hhThree body parts: 

hhHead, thorax, abdomen: spiracles 

hhOuter skeleton 

hhComplete metamorphosis 

hhSenses: compound eye, antennae 

•• 

Protection: 

•• 

Camouflage 

hhMimicry 

•• 

Spiders: 

hhTwo body parts, spiderlings, ballooning 

hhExamples: bolas spider, water spider 


•• 

Observing insects closely 

51 

Science cont. p. 52

Third Grade 

Science cont. 

The Desert 

hhAnimals: kangaroo rat, desert tortoise, jack rabbit 

hhPlants: thorns, waxy coats, prickly pear 

hhHomes: protection from heat 

hhBirds: cactus plants 

hhSnakes: crevices of rock 

hhAmphibians: desert toad 


hhOver-watering desert plants 

The Ocean 

hhOceanography, oceanographers 

hhMinerals of the sea: mineral, salt, calcium 

hhWhy is the ocean so salty? 

hhThe ocean’s energy: always moving 

hhLife in the ocean: plankton, baleen whale 

hhOcean plants make food: algae, food chain 

hhTide pools 

hhThe ocean floor: sonar, coral reefs, sediment 


hhDiscovering why the ocean is salty 

hhMaking some limestone 

The Pond 

hhThe pond community: freshwater 

hhPlants: pondweed 

• 

• Fish, birds 

hhMuskrat 

•• 

Amphibians: 

•• 

Frogs 

hhSalamanders 

•• 

Reptiles: turtles, snakes 

•• 

Invertebrates: 

•• 

Insects: 

•• 

Dragonfly, damselfly, mosquito 

hhBack swimmer, water boatman, whirligig 

hhWater strider, surface film 

•• 

Worms, spiders 

hhSnails 


hhObserving protozoans in a drop of water 

hhSeeing how oxygen is dissolved in water 

hhObserving the surface of the water 

hhTaking a walk by a pond 

The Forest 

hhThe forest community: 

hhDepends on trees 

hhSapsucker, ants 


hhFood in forest: green plants, trees, food chain 

hhCorrelating worksheet 

hhTiny forest plants: fungi, bacteria, mushrooms, toadstools 

• 

• Trees: 

hhCrown, trunk, heartwood, sapwood, bark, annual rings 

hhAutumn colors: nitrogen 

• 

• Enjoying the forest: camouflage 

The Farmer’s Field 

hhSoil 

hhTopsoil, subsoil 

hhFertile soil 

hhTaking care of the soil: rotate, fertilizer 

hhSoil erosion: gullies 

• 

• 

• Animals in the farmer’s field 

• Earthworms, moles: underground homes 

hhShrews, skunks, field mice 


hhFinding what’s in the soil 

•• 

Making an earthworm farm 

hhTaking a walk through a field 

Weather 

hhDefinition of weather 

•• 

Atmosphere: 

•• 

Heat 

• 

• Water: 

hhWater vapor 

hhThree forms: solid, liquid, gas 

• 

• Wind 

hhWater cycle: condensation, precipitation, evaporation 


•• 

Types of precipitation: 

• 

• Rain, snow 

hhSleet, hail 

•• 

Storms: 

•• 

Thunderstorms: 

hhHumid, lightning 

•• 

Hurricane 

•• 

Tornado: 

hhTwister 


hhDiscovering what evaporates faster 

hhFinding out if warm air rises 

hhMaking rain clouds 

52

Third Grade 

Health 

The purpose of Health, Safety, & Manners 3 is to teach students about the body God has 

given them and to encourage them to practice good health, safety, and manners habits 

each day. Third-grade students enjoy learning about good posture, personal hygiene, 

exercise, nutrition, courtesy, first aid, safety, and spiritual growth. 


•• 

Comprehension Checks (25) 

Something You Can Do boxes (42) 

•• 

Terms to Remember and 

Habits to Form boxes (29) 

•• 

The Manners Twins and Safety Sam 

•• 

Review worksheets for specific topics (2) 

•• 

Physical exercises (6) 

•• 

Fun games (3) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Quizzes (15) 

•• 

Tests (4) 


Health 

• 

• Posture: 

•• 

Sitting, standing, walking 

hhBending, pulling, lifting, pushing 

hhBones: skull, scapula, clavicle, humerus, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, 

pelvis, femur, patella, phalanges 


•• 

Good posture habits: 

hhHead up, shoulders back, back straight, abdomen in 

•• 

Toes forward 

hhMuscles, exercise, and rest: 

hhMuscles: 

hhVoluntary muscles: skeletal muscles, biceps, triceps, trapezius, 

abdominal, facial 

hhTendons 

hhInvoluntary muscles: heart and cardiac muscle, diaphragm 

• 

•• 

Importance 

• 

• Exercise: 

• Fresh air 

hhProtein foods 

hhEndurance exercises: 

hhRunning, jumping, and swimming 

hhStrengthens heart and lungs 

•• 

Good habits for rest: 

hhTaking a day of rest each week 

•• 

Amount of sleep needed 

•• 

Same bedtime each night; going right to sleep 

•• 

Nutrients: 

hhDigestive system: esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, 

digestive juices 

•• 

Good digestion habits: 

•• 

Chewing food well 

•• 

Eating meals at regular times 

•• 

Resting or playing quietly for a while before and after meals 

•• 

Getting fresh air and exercise 

•• 

Not eating too much at a time 

•• 

Being pleasant at the table 

hhSources and benefits of nutrients: protein; vitamins A, B, C, D, K; 

minerals; carbohydrates; fats and oils; water and fiber 

•• 

Balanced diet: 

hhFood Pyramid’s 5 groups: grains, vegetables and fruits, milk, meat 

and beans, oils 

•• 

Good breakfast, lunch, and dinner 

•• 

Good food choices: 

•• 

Milk; lean protein foods; foods rich in vitamin C 

•• 

Variety of cooked and raw vegetables 

•• 

Fruit or fruit juice 

•• 

Whole-grain foods: bread, cereal, rice, and pasta 

•• 

Fats, sugar, and salt 

•• 

Mealtime: 

hhManners: using plate, glass, napkin, serving bowl and spoon, eating 

utensils 


hhHelpers: clothing; jobs 

hhFood labels: 

hhCheck the date 

hhCheck the ingredients: 

hhSugars: honey, molasses, sucrose 

hhCauses of malnutrition 

•• 

Good mealtime habits: 

•• 

Coming to the table clean and on time 

•• 

Thanking God for the food 

•• 

Keeping the hand that is not in use in your lap 

•• 

Keeping elbows off the table 

•• 

Taking small bites; chewing food well 

•• 

Not talking with food in mouth; chewing with mouth closed 

•• 

Using napkin properly 

•• 

Eating a little bit of every food on the table 

•• 

Keeping conversations pleasant 

•• 

Personal hygiene: cleanliness, neatness 

•• 

Good cleanliness habits: 

•• 

Bathing daily, with clean washcloth and towel 

•• 

Washing hands properly 

•• 

Keeping nails clean and trimmed 

•• 

Hair grooming: shampooing, using a brush or comb 

•• 

Wearing clean underclothes 

hhWearing clean socks 

•• 

Skin: 

hhParts: epidermis, dermis, sweat glands, oil glands 

•• 

Personal care: bathing, hand-washing, cuticle care 

53 

Health cont. p. 54

Third Grade 

Health cont. 

Health cont. 

•• 

Hair: washing, lice prevention 

•• 

Teeth: 

hhParts and kinds: crown, cusp, root, incisor, cuspid, bicuspid, 

molar 

hhOrthodontist 

•• 

Good dental hygiene habits: 

•• 

Brushing teeth: 

hhFluoride toothpaste 

hhFlossing teeth 

•• 

Regular dental checkups 

•• 

Disease: 

hhHow germs enter the body 

hhInfectious diseases 

hhFood preparation 

hhDisease prevention and cures: 

hhAntibodies, vaccine, smallpox, immunization 

hhBacteria, virus, colds, antibiotic 

hhTonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, tetanus, cancer 

hhEdward Jenner, Florence Nightingale, Louis Pasteur 

•• 


•• 

Eating a well-balanced diet 

•• 

Getting adequate exercise, fresh air, and sleep 

•• 

Keeping your body clean 

•• 

Having regular doctor and dental checkups 

hhStaying away from those who have an infectious disease 

hhNot sharing drinking glass or foods 

•• 

Preventing the spreading of cold germs: coughing and sneezing 

hhNot spitting 

hhKeeping a clean home 

hhKeeping food clean and covered 

hhKeeping garbage can covered 

•• 

Using handkerchiefs and tissues 

•• 

Good habits during sickness: 

•• 

Drinking liquids 

•• 

Getting plenty of rest 

•• 

Eating nourishing foods 

hhFirst Aid: 

hhArtificial respiration; signs of infection 

hhTypes of wounds: cuts, scrapes, abrasions, punctures, slivers, blisters, 

bruises, burns, nosebleeds 

hhScab; sterile; antiseptic 

hhSimple and compound fractures 

hhStrains and sprains 

hhBites and stings: black widow, brown recluse, rabies 

hhPoisoning 

hhElectrical shock 

hhPracticing good first aid: 

hhTreating an injury with clean hands 

hhKeeping the bandage sterile 

hhLetting scabs heal 

hhCleaning open wounds 

hhTreating blisters, bruises, burns, broken bones, sprained joints, 

strained muscles correctly 

hhRemoving an insect stinger or a tick 

hhTreating snakebites 

hhDealing with breathing a harmful gas 

hhHelping someone who is hurt by electricity 


•• 

Spiritual, social, and mental health: 

hhPromoting spiritual growth: God’s Word, prayer, witnessing, obedience 

•• 

Promoting good social health: putting others first 

•• 

Promoting good mental health: 

•• 

Using your mind 

hhForming good study habits 

•• 

Thinking right thoughts 

hhHaving regular responsibilities 

•• 

Maintaining a cheerful attitude 

Safety 

• 

• Learn safety habits for preventing falls: 

•• 

Reaching high items with a stepladder 

•• 

Keeping things picked up and put away 

•• 

Cleaning up spilled water or food immediately 

hhReplacing burned-out light bulbs 

•• 

Learn to play safely: 

•• 

Not playing in the street 

hhNot playing around workmen 

hhListening to your body concerning rest 

hhBeing a good sport 

hhRecognize poisonous plants: poison oak, poison ivy, poison sumac 

hhPractice street safety: 

hhAround strangers; pedestrians 

hhCrossing a busy intersection; dusk 

hhGetting out of a bus 

•• 

Know these traffic signs: 

•• 

Stop sign; warning sign; railroad warning and crossing signs 

hhSchool sign 

•• 

Street safety habits: 

•• 

Where to safely walk on a street 

•• 

Crossing busy street; between parked cars 

hhLight-colored clothing for walking at night 

•• 

Bicycle safety: 

•• 

Ride on right side of the street 

hhKeep bike in good working condition 

•• 

Know bicycle hand signals 


hhRide slowly in the rain 

•• 

Always wear a safety helmet 

•• 

Walk your bicycle across busy intersections 

hhRide single file when with a group 

•• 

Water safety: 

hhStaying afloat 

hhGetting in a boat 

hhCalling for help 

hhGetting a cramp 

•• 

Water safety habits: 

•• 

Never swim alone 

•• 

Get out of the water when tired or cold 

hhNever jokingly call for help 

•• 

Never swim during an electrical storm 

54 

Health cont. p. 55

Life of David SERIES 1 


1 God Chooses David 

2 David Kills Goliath 

3 David and Jonathan 



abeka.com 

Third Grade 

Health cont. 

Safety cont. 

• 

• Fire safety: 

•• 

Fire drills 

hhCarbon monoxide 

hhFlammable liquids 

•• 

Fire safety habits: 

• 

smoke 

•• 

Stop, drop, and roll 

• Burning buildings; exiting from a building that is filled with 

hhTending a campfire 

Manners 

• 


• Being polite, thoughtful: 

•• 

Saying “please,” “thank you,” “I’m sorry,” “excuse me” 

hhNot chewing gum in public places 

hhDisposing of litter 

•• 

Showing respect to older people 

hhSpecial manners for boys and girls 

•• 

Polite conversation 

•• 

Telephone courtesy: answering, dialing the wrong number 

•• 

Making introductions 

•• 

Company manners 

•• 

Good habits while playing: 

hhTaking turns; letting others be first; following the rules 

hhPlaying your best for your team; being a good sport when losing 

•• 

Thinking of others 

Bible 

Young 

DAVID 

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As students embark on their third-grade Bible studies, they will be excited about 

the new Bible stories they will be learning. These stories include Old Testament 

Bible characters such as Samuel, David, Elijah, Elisha, Daniel, Esther, Ezra, and 

Nehemiah. As children listen to the events leading up to King David’s rule, they 

will see the contrast between King Saul and David. Students will hear examples of 

David’s heart toward God and that true obedience comes from the heart. Students 

will be challenged to examine their own hearts in their walk with God. 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 

Content tests (6) 



•• 


hhParables of Jesus Series 1 and 2 (12); Life of Samuel (4) 

hhYoung David (3); David in Hiding (4) 

•• 

First Christmas (5) 

hhElijah (6); Elisha (8); Daniel (6); Esther (5); Ezra and Nehemiah (7) 

•• 

Crucifixion and Resurrection (9); The First Thanksgiving 


•• 

Hymns of the faith, patriotic songs, holiday songs, choruses including: 


Memory Work 


• 



•• 



Prayer Time 

•• 



55

Third Grade 

Music 

Songs We Enjoy 3 brings together many of the traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun songs that 

American children have enjoyed singing for generations. Today’s children still love these songs. 

The sing-along CD makes song time easy for the teacher and delightful for the students. 



hhExplain meaning of 19 unfamiliar phrases or words in lyrics 

hhSing rounds in two or more parts 

• 

•• 


• 

• Follow a song leader while singing together with class or CD 

• Echo parts, whistling 

hhGroup parts 

hhLearn patriotism through patriotic music and folk songs 


•• 

Folk, fun songs, spirituals and gospels, patriotic, holiday, Americana 

Arts & Crafts 

Art Projects 3 features some simplified and some finely detailed crafts. Students are introduced to 

the concept of secondary colors, the colors of the spectrum, and the use of perspective. Coloring, 

drawing, modeling, painting and texture techniques build upon what third graders have previously 

been taught. Students enjoy creating three-dimensional forms using several types of media. 



• 

• Develop concepts through: 

•• 

Primary colors; secondary colors; complementary colors (10): 

•• 

Mixing / blending colors (4) 


• 

• Enhancing techniques through: 

•• 

Direction coloring; drawing; 3-D forms (47) 

hhPainting (8) 

hhSmudging; mixed media collage; mosaics; mobiles (5) 

•• 

Underhand grip and shading (5) 

56

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Fourth Grade 


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ADVENTURES in Other L ANDS 

Salute to Courage 

Speed & Comprehension Reader 


Outstanding children’s literature by famous authors, combined with colorful art and design, entices 

young readers to come back for more. Students will be entertained and inspired as they read children’s 

classics; stories of missionaries, inventors, and people who overcame difficulties; factual stories about colonial 

and pioneer Americans; and patriotic stories. 

Fourth graders will also read two Christian fiction novels that they will use when writing language book 

reports. Two speed and comprehension readers will enlarge students’ reading interests, teach them to 

skim, and develop their reading speed and power of comprehension. 


•• 

140 authors, including such wellknown 

writers as E. B. White, Lewis 

Carroll, and Rudyard Kipling 

•• 

Character-building themes such 

as faithfulness, honesty, industry, 

kindness, perseverance, resourcefulness, 

and service 

Materials 

• 


•• 


•• 

Poems (74) 

•• 

Christian fiction novels (2) 

•• 

Speed and comprehension readers (2): 

•• 

Read & Think 4 Skills Sheets (44) 

•• 

Adventures in Other Lands exercises (28) 

•• 

Scripture selections (59) 

Evaluation 

• 


•• 


•• 

Vocabulary comprehension quizzes (8) 

•• 

Speed and comprehension quizzes (72) 

for timed silent reading exercises and 

stories 



• Strive for increased: 

•• 

Accuracy, fluency, and good expression 

hhPace and comprehension while reading silently 

•• 

Ability to follow along and comprehend as others read orally 

hhImprovement of flow 

•• 

Vocabulary development through words and definitions included 

in readers 

hhAbility to read poetry correctly 



• 


•• 

Answer inferential comprehension and discussion questions for most 

stories and poems 

hhDevelop ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause and 

effect, and draw conclusions 

hhDetermine main characters, theme, climax, and turning point 


God’s Gift of Language A emphasizes usage and the writing process. Students 

are given extensive instruction on how to write letters, book reports, and even 

an encyclopedia report. God’s Gift of Language A also includes a variety of 

creative-writing exercises and excellent sections on using the dictionary and 

the encyclopedia. Traditional grammar training continues as students learn to 

recognize all eight parts of speech; identify simple and compound subjects and 

verbs; diagram subjects, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs; and learn simple rules 

for correct usage and subject and verb agreement. 


Evaluation 

• 

• Quizzes (23) from quiz /test book 

•• 

Quizzes (7) dictated or from exercises in 

student book 

•• 

Tests (12) 

•• 

Graded book reports (7): 

•• 

Short format (2; each counts as 2 quiz grades) 

•• 

Long format (3; each counts as test grade) 

•• 

Oral (2; each counts as test grade) 

•• 

Encyclopedia report (counts as 2 quiz grades) 

Grammar 

• 


•• 

First word in every sentence 

hhFirst word of direct quotations 

•• 

The word I 

•• 

Days of week and months of year, but not seasons 

hhFirst word in every line of poetry 

•• 

Holidays and special days 

•• 

First and every important word in: 

•• 

Titles of books 

hhMagazines, newspapers 

•• 

Poems, stories, songs 

•• 

Particular person, place, or thing 

hhWords used as a name such as Mother, Father, Grandmother, and 

Grandfather 

•• 

Names referring to God and the Bible 

•• 

Initials 

•• 

Title of a person when it comes before a name 

57 


Fourth Grade 


Grammar cont. 

• 

• Punctuation: 

•• 

End marks 

•• 

Commas: 

•• 

To separate: 

•• 

Three or more items in a series, city from state in address, Yes 

or No at beginning of sentence 

hhOther items in address 

•• 

To set off words of direct address 

•• 

After greeting of a friendly letter and closing of any letter 

hhDirect quotations 

•• 

Quotation Marks: 

•• 

Before and after a direct quotation 

hhBefore and after titles of short stories, poems, songs, 

chapters, and magazine or newspaper articles 

•• 

Apostrophes: in contractions and possessive words 

•• 

Colons: 

hhTo write time 

hhIn scripture references 

hhAfter greeting of business letters 

hhUnderlining titles of books, newspapers, magazines, ships, plays, 

and works of art 

•• 

The sentence: 

•• 

Recognize and write good sentences 

•• 

Recognize fragments 

hhCorrect fragments 

•• 

Classify a sentence according to its purpose: declarative, 

interrogative, exclamatory 

hhRecognize and classify imperative sentences 

hhRecognize and correct run-together sentences 

hhUse specifics to write interesting sentences 

hhRecognize complete subject and predicate 

•• 

Identify simple subject and verb 

hhRecognize verb phrases 

hhIdentify compound subject and verb 

•• 

Diagram simple subjects and verbs 

hhDiagram compound subjects and verbs 

hhUnderstand agreement of subject and verb 

•• 

Parts of speech: 

hhRecognize all eight parts of speech 

hhDiagram all parts of speech except preposition and interjection 

•• 

Verbs: 

•• 

Action, state of being, helping verbs 

hhCompound verbs; verb phrases 

•• 

Nouns: 

hhRecognize compound nouns 

•• 

Review common and proper nouns 

•• 

Use nouns as subjects 

•• 

Review singular and plural nouns 

•• 

Understand how to make nouns plural 

h h Pronouns: 

hhIdentify antecedents 

hhLearn to correctly use subjective, objective, and possessive 

pronouns 

hhUnderstand how to diagram pronoun subjects 

•• 

Adjectives: 

•• 

Identify adjectives 

hhLocate adjectives in the predicate that describe the subject 

hhCompare adjectives correctly 

hhLearn how to diagram adjectives 

hhAdverbs: 

hhUnderstand adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs 

hhDistinguish adverbs from adjectives 

hhUse good and well correctly 

hhUse adverbs and negatives correctly 

hhLearn how to diagram adverbs 

hhPrepositions: identify prepositional phrases 

hhConjunctions: recognize and, but, or, nor, for, yet 

hhInterjections: use correctly 

•• 


•• 

The dictionary: alphabetical order, guide words, dictionary 

information 

hhUnderstand agreement of subject and verb 

•• 

Review using these troublesome words correctly: sit, set; its, it’s; your, 

you’re; their, there; to, too, two; learn, teach; can, may; good, well 

hhUnderstand how to use these troublesome words: lie, lay; accept, 

except; affect, effect; beside, besides; between, among; burst, bust; 

have, of; less, fewer; off of, off; to, and; wait on, wait for 

hhUse negative words correctly 

•• 

Form contractions correctly 

Composition 

• 


• Write good sentences 

•• 

Complete various creative writing assignments such as writing about 

a picture, describing an event, writing with details, using the right 

words, writing about a maxim, describing a place you would like to 

visit, etc. (7 assignments) 

•• 

Write friendly letters, thank-you notes, properly addressed envelopes 

hhWrite post cards 

hhWrite with details 

hhGather information by observation and reading 

hhKnow how to use encyclopedia headings and guide words 

hhLearn the Writing Process: read and gather, think and plan, write and 

rewrite, check and polish, share your results 

hhWrite an encyclopedia report using the writing process: take notes; 

make a rough draft; check, polish, and rewrite the rough draft 

hhLearn to use the Writer’s Checklist 

hhUse the writing process to write a book report 

hhUse the checklist for book reports 

hhPrepare and give oral reports 

58

Fourth Grade 

Language Arts: Penmanship 

Penmanship Mastery I provides daily practice for penmanship excellence. This text emphasizes 

the importance of correct formation, spacing, letter size and slant, and overall 

neatness. Each week’s lessons feature exercises which allow students to practice 

writing difficult connections, improve their listening skills, and develop their creativewriting 

abilities. Students will enjoy the interesting and challenging games in the text. 



•• 

Journal entries including several 

creative writing pages discussing 

“A Word to Live By" (26) 

•• 

Creative writing assignments (56) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Tests (33) 

•• 



•• 

Achieve good writing position: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Learn to write: 

hhWith pens 

hhWith a flowing movement and relaxed grip 

•• 

Use correct warm-up procedure with slants, ovals, and basic letter 

strokes 

•• 

Correctly write all upper- and lowercase letters and numbers 0–9 

•• 

Maintain correct letter formation, uniform slant and size, correct spacing, 

letters that touch the line, and proper margins for overall appearance 

•• 

Use key strokes: slant, loops, tails, humps 

•• 


•• 

Copy most assignments from print to cursive 

•• 

Write dictated sentences 

•• 

Complete a weekly journal entry or “A Word to Live By” assignment 

•• 

Copy assignments from print to cursive using language skills and science 

and geography facts 

Language Arts: Spelling, Vocabulary, & Poetry 


• 

Spelling, Vocabulary, & Poetry 4 features a variety of spelling and vocabulary words that are crucial for 

expanding each student’s vocabulary. Not only will students learn words that relate to other academic 

subjects and words that are commonly used in writing and speaking, but they will also learn the spellings 

and postal abbreviations for each of the fifty states. By completing the variety of exercises found in Spelling, 

Vocabulary, & Poetry 4, students will learn how to use spelling and vocabulary words correctly in their 

speaking and writing. They will also improve proofreading skills. 

The six poems included in this text have been selected for their beauty of language, literary greatness, and 

character-building qualities. Fourth graders will improve their comprehension skills as they learn how to 

develop a mental visualization of each poem. 

• Spelling and vocabulary: 

•• 

Spelling lists (34) including review 

list at end of each 9 weeks: 

•• 

Total words (642) 

•• 

Vocabulary words and definitions 

(233) 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Pronunciation key 

•• 

Poetry: 

•• 

Glossary of vocabulary words 

•• 

Poem introductions include discussion 

•• 

Bible verses and references encouraging ideas, some historical content, and 

good character traits 

information about the author 

•• 

•• 

Quick-reference spelling rules in text CD included to help with correct 

•• 

For teachers: sentence banks; practical 


•• 

spelling tips and suggestions 

Vocabulary words and definitions with 

each poem 


Evaluation 

•• 


Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development 

hhMaster spelling and vocabulary lists 

• 

•• 

Memorize vocabulary definitions 

• 

• 

•• 

Further develop dictionary skills 

• 


• Correctly write sentences dictated by teacher using vocabulary words 

• Create good sentences using spelling and vocabulary words 

• Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directed 

oral practice and independent written practice 

59 

hhLearn background information on some spelling and vocabulary words 

hhProofread for spelling errors: recognizing misspelled words in pairs, 

lists, and sentences 

hhLearn the spellings and abbreviations of the fifty states 

•• 

Learn rules: 

•• 


•• 

Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with a 

vowel 

•• 


Spelling, Vocab., & Poetry cont. p. 60

Fourth Grade 

Spelling, Vocabulary, & Poetry cont. 

Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development cont. 

hhLearn when to change y to i when adding suffixes 

hhLearn some exceptions to ie rule 


hhMemorize 5 lyrical poems and a portion of 1 epic poem 

•• 

Develop appreciation of poetry 

• 


•• 


•• 

Develop appropriate expression and volume 

•• 

Learn definitions and use of unfamiliar words 

hhImprove comprehension of emotion and content 

hhDevelop mental visualization of the poem 

•• 

Discuss meaning and purpose of each poem 

•• 

Use proper observation of punctuation 

hhLearn the term stanza 

red indicates NEW MATERIAL 

Arithmetic 

The colorful daily worksheets in Arithmetic 4 provide practice over familiar concepts and 

new material. The four basic processes are taught and reviewed, as well as multiplying and 

dividing by two-digit numbers, estimation, square measures, writing decimals as fractions, 

and simple geometry. A major emphasis is on working with proper and improper fractions; 

adding, subtracting, and multiplying fractions; and finding the least common denominator. 

Students will continue to solve multi-step word problems which encourage the application 

of concepts being learned. 


Evaluation 

•• 

Biweekly quizzes (16) 

•• 

Biweekly tests (17) 

•• 

Daily skills development 


Numbers 

•• 

Place value: 

hhWhole numbers to the 100 millions’ place 

hhDecimals to the thousandths’ place 

hhWriting numbers from dictation to the 100 millions’ place 

•• 


•• 


• 

• Basic rules for Roman numerals 

hhMore complex rules for forming Roman numerals 

• 

•• 

With unknowns 

•• 

Order of operations (parentheses) 

• 

• Number sentences: 

• Even/odd numbers 

hhEstimating: product, quotient, divisor 

Addition 

• 

• Addition families 1–18: mixed order 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Terms: addend, sum 

•• 

Missing sign 

•• 

Word problems 

•• 

Money 

hhMental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction, 

multiplication, and division up to 7 numbers 

•• 

Carrying to any position 

•• 

Checking by addition 

•• 

Addends: column addition 

•• 

Averaging 

•• 

Fractions: 

•• 

With common denominators 

hhWith uncommon denominators 

• 

• Measures 

hhDecimals 

60 

Subtraction 

• 

• Subtraction families 1–18: mixed order 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Missing sign 

hhMental arithmetic: problems combining subtraction, addition, 


•• 

Word problems 

•• 

Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference 

•• 

Borrowing from a whole number or zero in any position 

•• 

Money and measures 

•• 

Number sentences: with unknowns, order of operations 

•• 


•• 

Fractions: 

•• 

With common denominators 

hhWith uncommon denominators 

hhDecimals 


•• 

Multiplication facts: 0–12 tables 

•• 

Word problems 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Terms: factor, product, partial product 

•• 

Missing sign 

hhMental arithmetic: problems combining multiplication, 

division, addition and subtraction up to 7 numbers 

•• 

Multiplying with: 

•• 

1 or 2 digits 

hh3 digits 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• Carrying 

• Checking by reversing factors 

• Number sentences: with unknowns, order of operations (parentheses) 

• Money 


Fourth Grade 



hhFactors: 

hhFactoring 

hhFinding common factors and greatest common factor 

hhFractions: 

hhUsing cancellation 

hhMultiplying fractions with whole and mixed numbers 

hhEstimation of product 

Division 

• 

• Division facts: 1–12 tables 

•• 

Word problems 

•• 

Steps of division 

•• 

Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient 

•• 

Missing sign 

•• 

Timed mastery 

hhMental arithmetic: problems combining division, multiplication, 

addition, and subtraction up to 7 numbers 

•• 

Divisor: 1 and 2 digits 

•• 

Dividends: 2 and 3 digits or more 

•• 

Remainders written as a fraction 

•• 

Checking by multiplication 

•• 

Money 

•• 

Averaging 

•• 

Number sentences: with unknowns; order of operations (parentheses) 

hhEstimating quotients, divisors 

hhDivisibility rules for dividing by 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 

Fractions 

• 

• Parts of a whole or group 

•• 

Word problems 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Terms: numerator, denominator 

•• 

Number words 

•• 

Reading and writing fractions 

•• 

Number line 

•• 

Types: 

hhProper, mixed, improper 

hhWrite as whole or mixed number 

•• 

Reducing: 

hhFinding least common denom inator 

hhAnswers to lowest terms using greatest common factor 

•• 

Addition: 

•• 

With common denomi nators 

hhWith uncommon denomi nators 

•• 

Subtraction: 

hhWith common and uncommon denomi nators 

hhWith borrowing 

hhMultiplication: 

hhUsing cancellation 

hhWith whole or mixed numbers 

•• 

Equivalent fractions 

Decimals 

•• 

Money 

hhDecimal point 

61 

hhReading and writing: writing a decimal as a fraction 

hhPlace value to the tenths’, hundredths’, thousandths’ places 

hhAddition and subtraction 


• 

• Word Problems: 

•• 

Steps of problem-solving process 

•• 

Addition, subtraction 

•• 

Multiplication, division 

•• 

Fractions, money, measures 

•• 

Finding averages 

hhDecimals 

hhGeometry: area, perimeter 

•• 

Graphs, clue words 

•• 

1, 2, and 3 steps 

•• 


hhEstimating answers 

hhApplications for broader and deeper understanding of concepts: 

fractions, length, weight, graphs, geometry 

Time 

• 


•• 

Second, minute, hour, day 

•• 

Week, year, leap year 

h h Decade, score, century, millennium 

Money 

• 

• Know values of all coins 

•• 

Recognize symbols: $ (dollar sign) and . (decimal point) 

•• 

Money problems with mixed operations 

•• 

Making change 

hhCounting back change 

Measures 

• 


• Temperature: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Celsius and Fahrenheit: 

hhDetermining if a Celsius temperature is cold or hot 

•• 


•• 

Normal body temperature 

•• 

Length: 

•• 

English: inch, foot, yard, mile 

•• 

Metric: 

hhMillimeter 

•• 

Centimeter 

hhDecimeter 

•• 

Meter 

hhDecameter, hectometer, kilometer 

•• 

Weight: 

•• 

English: ounce, pound, ton 

•• 

Metric: 

hhMilligram, centigram 

hhDecigram 

•• 

Gram 

hhDecagram, hectogram 

•• 

Kilogram 


10862604 

4 4 

® 

® 

® 

® 

HISTORY SERIES 

Fourth Grade 


Measures cont. 

• 

• Capacity: 

•• 

English: 

hhFluid ounce 

• 

• 

• Cup, pint, quart, gallon 

• Peck, bushel 

hhTeaspoon, tablespoon 

•• 

Metric: 

hhMilliliter, centiliter, deciliter 

•• 

Liter 

hhDecaliter, hectoliter, kiloliter 

•• 

Ordering measures least to greatest 

•• 

Converting from one measure to another within same system 

•• 

Subtracting unlike measures within same system 

hhSquare measures: square inches, feet, and yards 

hhMetric prefixes: milli-, centi-, deci-, deca-, hecto-, kilo- 



• 

• Statistics: averaging 

•• 

Graphs: 

•• 

Pictographs, bar graphs, scale drawings, line graphs 

hhReading and completing 

hhFinding distance on scale drawings 

Geometry 

•• 

Plane figures: 

hhSimple closed curve, polygon 

• 

•• 

Triangle 

• 

• 

• Quadrilateral: parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus, trapezoid 

• Angles: 

• Right 

hhCongruent 

hhLines: 

hhLine segment, line, ray 

hhIntersecting lines 


hhTerms: point, perpendicular, parallel 

hhPerimeter of a polygon: formulas for rectangle, square 

hhRecognize models and symbols: 

h h• (point); — (line segment) 

h h (line); —> (ray) 

h h< (angle) 

hhConcept of area: finding area of rectangle, square 

Pre-Algebra 

•• 

Finding the unknown number in an equation 


in Christian Perspective 


The History of Our United States is a high-interest, inspiring, narrative approach to American history. 

The lively writing style and outstanding visual features make the student’s first formal study of United 

States history a positive, enjoyable experience. As they learn how the United States of America 

came to be a nation, who its famous people have been, and what important events have taken place 

in its history, students learn to love, respect, defend, and protect their native land. Through this 

study of American history, students are given ideals to reach for and aspirations to follow. 

´*v:$h¨ 


•• 

Chapters include: 

•• 

Important new words, names, places, 

and dates 

•• 

Maps (14) and time lines (9) of important 

dates of events 

•• 


•• 

Chapter checkups (18) 

•• 

Special feature boxes with in-depth 

study (15): 

•• 

Important U.S. leaders, inventors, and 

missionaries 

•• 

Interesting facts of the events in U.S. history 

•• 

My State Notebook for individual state study 

•• 

Map Study Skills worksheets (47) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Printed quizzes (29) 

•• 

Homework quizzes (4) 

•• 

Tests (10) 

•• 

9-weeks exam (4) 


U.S. History Study 

•• 

Years of discovery: 

hhEurope explores New World 

hhNorth America claimed for England 

•• 

Years of exploration: 

hhSpain: conquest of Mexico, De Soto discovers Mississippi 

hhFrance: Cartier explores New World, first French settlement in New 

World 

hhEngland: Drake the Dragon, “sea dogs” 

62 


Fourth Grade 


U.S. History Study cont. 

•• 

First Americans: 

hhDifferences in American Indian homes, transportation, games 

hhMissionaries to American Indians: John Eliot, Roger Williams, John 

Wesley 

hhSequoya, Jim Thorpe 

•• 

English come to America: 

hhRoanoke, the lost colony 

•• 

Jamestown: first lasting colony 

•• 

The Pilgrims: lovers of religious freedom 

•• 

New England Colonies: 

hhMassachusetts Bay Colony: Puritans, religious freedom for some 

hhRhode Island: religious freedom for all 

hhNew Hampshire: John Mason 

hhConnecticut: Thomas Hooker, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 

•• 

Middle and Southern Colonies: 

•• 

Who settled them: 

hhNew York: Dutch, French, British 

hhDelaware: Dutch, Swedish, English 

hhNew Jersey: Dutch, English 

•• 

Pennsylvania: 

hhSwedish 

•• 

Quakers, William Penn 

•• 

Virginia: 

•• 

English 

hhHouse of Burgesses, elected representatives 

hhMaryland: Catholic, religious freedom 

hhThe Carolinas: England, Charles Towne, plantations 

hhGeorgia: English, James Oglethorpe 

•• 

Colonial life: 

hhHome: house-raising, homespun clothes 

hhCommunication: town criers, circuit-riding preachers 

•• 

Education: 

•• 

Hornbook, New England Primer 

hhDame school, old-field schools, Harvard 

•• 

The Great Awakening: 

hhRevival, Jonathan Edwards, John Wesley, George Whitefield, David 

Brainerd 

•• 

French & Indian War: 

•• 

George Washington: officer in colonial army 

hhGeneral Edward Braddock: commander of English army 

hhNew France: land French claimed in New World 

•• 

American War for Independence: 

hhColonists demand their rights as Englishmen: 

hhStamp Act, King George III 

hhRepresentatives, taxes 

hhBoston Massacre, Boston Tea Party 

hhThe war begins: 

hhFirst Continental Congress: decision to boycott English goods 

h h“Minutemen” 

•• 

Paul Revere 

hhPatrick Henry, patriots, Loyalists, Tories 

hhLexington, Concord 


hhThe American colonies fight for independence: 

hhSecond Continental Congress: decision to write Declaration of 

Independence 

hhBattle of Bunker Hill 

hhEthan Allen, Green Mountain Boys, Hessians 

•• 

Declaration of Independence is written: 

•• 

Thomas Jefferson 

hhJohn Hancock: President of Second Continental Congress 

•• 

The war continues: 

•• 

General George Washington: became commander in chief of colonial 

army 

hhNathan Hale, Betsy Ross 

hhAmerica wins its freedom: 

hhBattle of Saratoga 

hhValley Forge 

hhJohn Paul Jones, Lord Cornwallis 

•• 

Yorktown 

hhTreaty of Paris 

•• 

Building a new nation: 

•• 

Articles of Confederation 

•• 

Constitutional Convention 

•• 

Constitution of the United States 

hhCongress, Supreme Court 

hhBill of Rights, republic 

•• 

George Washington 

•• 

Washington, D.C.: 

hhBenjamin Banneker 

•• 

Our nation grows: 

•• 

America pushes farther west: 

•• 

Daniel Boone, Wilderness Road, Kentucky 

hhNorthwest Territory 

hhLand Ordinance of 1785 

hhNorthwest Ordinance of 1787 

hhUnited States doubles its size—Louisiana Purchase: 

hhCaptain Meriwether Lewis, Captain William Clark 

hhWar of 1812: 

hhNapoleon Bonaparte 

•• 

Francis Scott Key 

•• 

Fort McHenry 

•• 

“The Star-Spangled Banner” 

hhThe purchase of Florida: James Monroe 

hhThe Second Great Awakening: 

hhFrancis Asbury 

hhCircuit-riding preachers; Peter Cartwright 

hhThe U.S. gains the Southwest: 

hhAlamo, Santa Anna 

hhDavy Crockett, General Sam Houston 

hhWar with Mexico, Mexican Cession, Gadsden Purchase 

hhThe great Gold Rush to California: John Sutter, “forty-niners,” 

statehood 

hhOregon Territory: Oregon Trail, Marcus and Narcissa Whitman 

•• 

New schools and schoolbooks: 

•• 

Noah Webster 

hhWilliam H. McGuffey 

63 


Fourth Grade 


U.S. History Study cont. 

•• 

The Civil War: 

•• 

Before the war: 

•• 

North and South differ on slavery 

•• 

Abraham Lincoln: President of Union 

Jefferson Davis: President of Confederate States 

hhEli Whitney and cotton gin 

hhFree states, slave states 

hhMissouri Compromise 

•• 

Civil War: 

hhFort Sumter, blockade 

hhMerrimac and Monitor 

hhEmancipation Proclamation 

•• 

Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee 

hhBattle of Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address 

•• 

Appomattox Court House, Virginia 

•• 

After the war: 

•• 

John Wilkes Booth: shot President Lincoln 

hhAndrew Johnson: President after Lincoln died 

•• 

New frontiers: 

•• 

Rebuilding the South: Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee Institute, 

George Washington Carver 

•• 

The last frontier: 

•• 

Cowboys, Indians, farmers, reservations 

hhTranscontinental railroad, Union Pacific Company, Central 

Pacific Company 

hhPromontory Point, Utah, Homestead Act, Oklahoma Land Rush 

hhCyrus McCormick 

•• 

Age of progress: 

•• 

A growing nation: immigrants 

•• 

Spreading the Gospel: 

•• 

Billy Sunday 

hhCharles Finney, Dwight L. Moody, Adoniram Judson 

hhSteel and oil (ingredients for success): Andrew Carnegie, Sir 

Henry Bessemer, John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil 

•• 

Inventions (new ways to do things): 

•• 

Pony Express 

hhSteamboat, telegraph, Morse code, telephone 

hhThomas Edison 

hhAssembly line 

hhOrville and Wilbur Wright 

•• 

Beyond our boundaries: 

hhAlaska: Russian America, William H. Seward, territory, gold 

hhHawaii: Captain James Cook 

hhSpanish-American War: Cuba, Theodore Roosevelt, Rough 

Riders, San Juan Hill, Guam, Puerto Rico 

hhPanama Canal: Isthmus of Panama 

•• 

The World Wars: 

hhWorld War I (1914–1918): 

hhAllied Powers, Central Powers, neutral nations 

hhArchduke Ferdinand, President Woodrow Wilson 

hhGerman U-Boats, Lusitania, Zimmermann Note 

hhLeague of Nations 

hhBetween the World Wars: Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, 

dictators arise 

hhWorld War II (1939–1945): Poland, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Axis Powers, 

Allies, Pearl Harbor, V-E Day, atomic bomb, concentration camps 

hhContinuing World Problems: United Nations, Harry S. Truman, 

Communism, Berlin Wall, Korean War 

64 

•• 

Time for freedom and responsibility: 

•• 

Freedom and opportunity for all Americans: 

hhBrown v. Board of Education 

•• 

Martin Luther King, Jr. 

hhCivil Rights Act of 1964 

hhEnjoying America’s freedoms: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Interstate 

Highway System, beginning space program 

hhPreserving freedom: Cold War, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, 

Vietnam War, Richard Nixon 

hhReturn to patriotism and family values: Ronald Reagan, Reagan 

Doctrine, Grenada 

hhSupreme Court’s influence: Sandra Day O’Connor; Clarence Thomas; 

John G. Roberts, Jr. 

hhTimes of testing: 

hhSaddam Hussein, Iraq, Kuwait 

hhPresident George Bush, Operation Desert Storm, Bill Clinton 

hhTerrorism, Osama bin Laden, “War on Terror” 

hhOperation Iraqi Freedom 

hhHurricane Katrina 

Memory Work 

hh6 documents: 

hhThe American’s Creed 

hhPortion of The Declaration of Independence 

hhPreamble to the Constitution 

hhFirst Amendment to the Constitution 

hhThe Rights of Americans 

hhLincoln’s Gettysburg Address 

•• 

States 

hhCapitals 

hh44 U.S. Presidents 

State History Study 

hh6 weeks of lessons including the following information: 

hhPolitical and physical maps, flower, motto, bird, song, tree, flag, 

nickname, time line, early settlement, 

hhHistorical figures, landmarks, government, regions, weather, 

industries, state capital, my city, citizens, my county, wildlife, plant 

life, sports, vacation spots 


• 

• Globes, maps, map key, map grid, distance scale, compass rose 

•• 

Cardinal and intermediate directions 

•• 

Western and Eastern Hemispheres 

•• 

Continents and oceans 

•• 

Equator 

•• 

North America: 

•• 

Great Lakes 

hhSeas, bays, gulfs, rivers 

hhCountries 

•• 

Mountains 

hhGeographical terms: source and mouth of river, delta, channel, canal, 

desert, oasis, downstream, upstream, sea level, altitude, mountain, 

valley 

hhAtlas, physical and political maps 

•• 

U.S. maps: 

• 

• States 

hhCapitals 


hh13 original colonies; U.S. expansion

4 

Fourth Grade 

Science 

Understanding God’s World fascinates elementary students from the very beginning by 

presenting things that they can see, observe, and understand in the world around them. 

They learn how to make an insect zoo, how to recognize the plants they see every day, 

how to attract birds to their own backyard, how to use field guides, how to interpret 

cloud formations, and how to identify rocks. Students learn to appreciate many aspects 

of God’s creative genius by studying the miracle of plant germination, the causes of 

weather, the God-given provisions for life on earth, the design of the starry heavens, 

and the ecology of the ocean depths. 



Additional Helps 

•• 


• 

• CD with 10 related nature stories 

•• 

Suggested DVDs (5) 

•• 

Worksheets in Activity Book (44) 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Chapter tests (6) 

•• 


Science: Let’s Find Out 

hhLearning about science: what a scientist is, what scientists do 

hhLearning how to observe: 

hhObserving North American birds and flowers: 

hhState bird project: 25 birds memorized 

hhCanadian floral emblems project: 

hh13 provincial floral emblems memorized 

Insects 

• 

• Ten million designs: 

•• 

Characteristics: 

•• 

Invertebrate (has an exoskeleton) 

•• 

Three body parts: head, thorax, abdomen 

hhOvipositor 

•• 

Breathing tubes; spiracles 

•• 

Insect zoo: 

•• 

Making a zoo 

hhDistinguishing butterflies from moths 

•• 

Insect life cycles: 

•• 

Complete metamorphosis 

hhLaw of biogenesis 

•• 

Designer heads: 

hhAntennae with sensilla 

•• 

Compound and simple eyes 

hhMouth parts 

•• 

Designed for motion: 

•• 

Legs 

hhTypes of wings 

hhMigration 

hhCrickets and grasshoppers: incomplete metamorphosis, differences 

hhInsects’ defense: fighting, chemical warfare, scare tactics, disguises 

hhInsects communicate: sight, smell, dancing, touch, sound 

hhWhere insects live: trees, bushes, soil, wood, water 

hhDwellings of social insects: nests, hives, mounds 

hhJean Henri Fabre: explorer of backyard wonders 


•• 

Observing insect life 

•• 

Growing plants from seeds 

•• 

Making an insect zoo 

Plants 

• 

• Designed to produce: 

•• 

Food (photosynthesis), better air 

hhBetter soil 

hhNeedleleaf trees: evergreen, conifers 

65 

hhBroadleaf trees and palms: deciduous, state trees 

hhFlowers: parts of a flower (sepals, petals, stamens, pistils), pollinators, 

weeds, daisy (composite) family flowers 

hhSeed design: embryo, cotyledon 

•• 

Traveling seeds: air, wind, water, animals, people 

•• 

Germination: water, oxygen, right temperature 

hhPoisonous plants 

•• 

Plants: helpful and beautiful 

hhGeorge Washington Carver: the plant doctor 


• • Observing three parts of a seed in lima beans; observing germination 

Birds 

• 

• Birds in your backyard 

•• 

Recognizing birds: appearance, behavior, habitat 

hhFeeding birds: how, what, when 

hhMaking birdbaths and birdhouses 

hhBirds of the forest 

•• 

Designer birds: various beaks and feet 

•• 

Designed for flight: 

hhBones and feather structure; lift 

hhSeeing, hearing 

hhJack Miner Bird Sanctuary 


hhObserving lift 

hhMaking a birdbath 

hhBuilding a bird feeder and birdhouse 

Matter: Water, Air, & Weather 

hhGod’s gift of water (clouds): cirrus, cumulus, stratus 

hhWater for life: 

hhWater is matter: 

hhMolecules and atoms, hydrogen and oxygen 

•• 

Three states of water: water, steam, ice 

•• 

Water changes state 

•• 

Water’s energy: 

• 

• Energy and force defined 

hhPotential energy, moving energy 

•• 

The atmosphere (an ocean of air): 

•• 

Gases: oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen 

•• 

Layers of air 

hhAir’s weight and pressure 

•• 

Wind (moving air): 

•• 

Temperature 

hhPressure, energy 

Science cont. p. 66

Fourth Grade 

Science cont. 

Matter: Water, Air, & Weather cont. 

• 

• Water in air: water cycle 

•• 

Condensation and precipitation: 

hhDew, frost 

• 

• Kinds of precipitation 

hhClouds: types and combination types of clouds 

hhWeather forecasting: meteorologist, predicting weather 

hhRobert Boyle: father of chemistry 


• • Observing: 

hhSurface tension and dissolving substances 

hhHow a water wheel works 

hhThe weight of air 

hhAir pressure 

hhThe power of moving air 

•• 

Evaporation 

• 

• Condensation 

hhMaking a water wheel 

Energy: Sound & Hearing 

• 

• Sounds all around us: 

•• 

Vibrations, sound waves 

hhSpeed of sound 

hhMaking sound: larynx, vocal cords 

•• 

Receiving sound: 

•• 

Parts of the ear 

hhHearing aids, animal ears 

hhHigh and low sounds: frequency 

hhSounds that bounce back: echoes, ultrasound, sonar 

hhPreserving sound: phonograph, stereo 

hhAlexander Graham Bell: inventor of the telephone 


hhObserving: 

hhHow sound travels 

hhSound vibrations 

hhDemonstrating: 

hhFrequency 

hhHigh and low sounds 

hhObserving how energy bounces 

hhHearing the difference in sound 

hhLearning some of the signs in the American manual alphabet 

hhMaking a tin-can telephone 

Geology 

•• 

Our home, the earth: 

hhSphere, hemispheres 

• 

• 

• North Pole, South Pole, equator 

• Earth’s motion: 

hhEarth rotates, revolves 

•• 

Seasons 

•• 

Oceans and continents: 

•• 

Facts about oceans and continents 

hhEarth, a magnet 

hhSoil’s ingredients: 

hhHumus 

•• 

Minerals 

•• 

Layers of soil: topsoil, subsoil 

hhThe earth’s crust 

•• 

Water and soil: 

• 

• Erosion 

hhConservation 

hhWater as a builder 

hhFloods 

hhRocks: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic 


hhMeasuring the earth 

hhLooking at the cause of day and night 

hhLearning why winter is cold 

hhMaking crystals, a compass, a rock collection 

Oceanography 

•• 

Paths of the sea: 

hhMatthew F. Maury: paths of the sea 

hhOceanography 

hhContinental shelf and slope: Mariana Trench, fish of the continental 

shelf 

hhOcean floor and open ocean: oceanic ridges, seamounts, fish of the 

depths, upper-level fish 

hhMethods and equipment for exploring the sea: aqualung, submersible, 

undersea labs 

hhThe sandy sea: where sand comes from 

hhSalt and waves: properties and benefits of salt water 

hhGiants of the sea: 

hhMarine mammals: baleen whales, toothed whales 

hhThree invertebrates: octopuses, squid, jellyfish 


hhMaking currents 

hhObserving water pressure 

hhSeeing the difference in the density of salt water and fresh water 

hhObserving how salt water freezes at lower temperatures 

hhLearning about jet propulsion 

Astronomy 


hhWonders of the night sky: our galaxy, our solar system, planet names 

• 

• Seasons, days, and years: 

hhWeeks; astronomy, astrology 

hhPictures in the sky: constellations 

•• 

The sun (the greater light): 

hhDistance from the earth 

hhSun’s energy and gravity 

•• 

The moon (the lesser light): 

hhOur nearest neighbor 

hhApollo 11 

hhA natural satellite 

hhA reflector 

•• 

The origin of the universe: 

hhCan’t be proved by science 

•• 

God created 

hhExplained in the Bible; we accept by faith 


hhShowing how sunlight affects starlight in the daytime 

hhShowing how light is absorbed and reflected 

hhMaking a star viewer 

66

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Developing Good Health 

Fourth Grade 

Health 

Third Edition 

Developing Good Health begins with a unit on physical fitness and emphasizes the 

skeletal, muscular, and respiratory systems. Practical instruction regarding personal 

hygiene follows a study of the teeth and skin. A chapter on interpersonal relationships 

teaches students how to have a right relationship with God and with others, 

stressing the necessity of maintaining close family relationships and the importance 

of choosing the right friends. 



•• 

Chapter content review sheets (2) 

•• 

Anatomy worksheets (5) 

•• 

Physical fitness exercises (11) 

•• 

Demonstration to illustrate how acid 

attacks teeth 

•• 


Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Tests (3) 

Physical Fitness 

• 

• Skeletal system: 

•• 

Identify: 

hhBones, ligaments 

hhHinge, ball-and-socket, pivot joints 

hhCranium, carpals, metacarpals 

• 

• 

• 

• Build strong bones: nutrients 

• Correct posture: 

• Sitting, standing 

hhWalking: roll heel to toe 

•• 

Bending, lifting 

•• 

Muscular system: 

hhIdentify skeletal muscles: 

hhFrontalis, masseters, trapezius, quadriceps, hamstrings 

•• 

Biceps, triceps, trapezius, abdominal muscles 

hhSkeletal muscles: work in pairs 

•• 

Muscles: work by pulling only 

•• 

Involuntary muscles: cardiac muscle 

•• 

Exercise: 

•• 

Benefits of endurance exercises 

hhTerms: cramp, strain, aerobic, muscle tone 

hhCalisthenics 

hhIsometric exercises 

hhRespiratory system: 

hhProcess of external respiration: 

hhOxygen and carbon dioxide 

hhNose: 

hhFunctions as an air conditioner 

hhMucus membrane, sinuses, cilia, sinusitis 

hhFight infection: adenoids, tonsils 

hhIdentify parts of the respiratory system: 

hhPharynx, epiglottis, trachea, larynx 

hhBronchi, bronchial tubes, bronchioles, alveoli 

hhDiaphragm 

hhLung cancer 

hhAerobic exercise: benefits, requirements, good sportsmanship, 

preventing injuries 

Personal Hygiene 

•• 

Teeth: 

hhFunction: 

hhAppearance, speech 

hhDigestion: saliva 

hhStructure of a tooth: enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, periodontal 

membrane 

•• 

Plaque control: 

•• 

Acid 

hhDental caries; forms of sugar 

•• 

Keep teeth strong and healthy: 

•• 

Brushing, fluoride toothpaste, flossing 

hhResults of poor oral hygiene: halitosis, calculus, periodontal disease, 

malocclusion 

hhTreatment of injured teeth 

Body’s Cover 

• 

• Three layers of skin: 

•• 

Epidermis: callus, pigments, melanin, ultraviolet rays, albinos 

•• 

Dermis: sebaceous glands, sebum, sweat glands 

hhSubcutaneous layer 

hhSigns of infection 

hhStructure of hair: hair follicles 

hhBurns and how to treat them 

hhFunctions of the skin: 

hhControlling temperature 

hhKeeping out bacteria 

hhProducing vitamin D 

hhGathering information 

hhProper skin care: nutrition, rest, exercise, water, sunscreen 

Keys to Good Grooming 

•• 

Good hygiene for the skin: 

hhCare for fingernails and toenails 

• 

• 

• Clean clothes and appropriate dress 

• Keeping the home clean 

Right Relationships 

• 

• Receiving everlasting life 

•• 

Having healthy relationships with God and others 

67

Jesus Sti ls the Storm 

Zacchaeus 



1 Jesus Stills the Storm 

2 Transfiguration 

3 Jesus and the Lepers 

4 Lazarus and the Rich Man 

5 Rich Young Ruler 

6 Zacchaeus 

7 Friends at Bethany 

Lesson Guides Included 

® 

abeka.com 

® 

Fourth Grade 

Bible 

Later 

Ministry of 

Life of Christ • Series 4 

Jesus 

´kBR!}¨ 

75345001 

Using the foundation that has been laid from preschool to third grade, fourth graders review 

the stories of Jesus’ birth; Jesus’ miracles; and His death, burial, and resurrection that provide 

every individual an opportunity to accept the free gift of salvation. Not only will students attain 

knowledge of Christ’s earthly ministry, but they will also learn about Joshua and Ruth’s faith and 

God’s abundant blessing in their lives. Among the many Bible stories taught in fourth grade are 

those about the apostle Paul’s life. Students will not only learn about the successes and oppositions 

Paul experienced on his three missionary journeys, but they will also be amazed by the many 

miracles God performed on Paul’s behalf. 


Evaluation 

•• 

Graded memory 

verse passages (8) 

•• 



•• 


•• 

Genesis Series (21): Creation, Adam, Cain; Enoch, Noah, Babel; Abraham 

and Isaac; Jacob; Joseph 

•• 


• 

• Life of Christ Series (36): First Christmas; Boyhood and Early Ministry 

of Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus; Crucifixion 

and Resurrection 

•• 

Life of Paul Series 1 and 2 (14) 


•• 



Memory Work 


• 


hhBooks of the Bible, sword drills 


•• 

Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, salvation, 


hh8 questions with verses to memorize as answers 

Prayer Time 

•• 



Sword Drills 

hh110 Old and New Testament references to find 

Music 

American music reflects the spirit and strength of its people, telling the history of our country’s 

struggle for independence, growth, and expansion. America’s rich, colorful legacy is essential to a 

child’s education. Songs We Enjoy 4 brings together traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun selections 

that students have enjoyed singing for generations. The sing-along CD makes song time 

enjoyable for the students and easy for the teacher. 



•• 

Follow a song leader while singing with class or CD 

hhDefine and explain 22 unfamiliar words and phrases in lyrics 

• 

• Aid in understanding a song’s message 

hhCount a steady rhythm in songs 

•• 

Enunciate silly words 

hhSing a two-part canon and rounds of 3 or more parts 

•• 

Echo sing parts 

•• 

Use dynamic contrast in music 

•• 

Improve coordination skills through motion songs 

hhLearn historical facts through patriotic, folk, and Americana music 


•• 

Folk, fun, patriotic, spirituals and hymns, holiday, Americana, songs 

at sea 

68

Fourth Grade 

Arts & Crafts 

In Art A, students are introduced to the fundamental principles of color and perspective. These concepts 

are introduced and practiced using basic drawing, coloring, and painting techniques with colored 

pencils and watercolors. A decorative calendar begins each monthly selection, and suggestions for interesting 

variations and further practice stimulate creativity. This art book has been carefully organized 

and illustrated so that students may work in them independently or as a class. 


Concept Development 39 projects 

•• 

Primary and secondary colors (14) 

hhIntermediate colors (4) 

• 

• Complementary colors (6) 

hhNeutral and analogous colors (5) 

•• 

Colors of spectrum (3); color wheel (10) 

•• 

Perspective (3) 


•• 

Drawing: template, freehand, animation (8) 

•• 

Modeling (7) 

hhPainting: wash (2) 

• 

• Texture, weaving (4) 

•• 

Paper curling, folding, and shaping (6) 

hhDuplicating (1) 

hhProportion (2) 

•• 

Motion lines (2) 

•• 

Translucent and cut-paper sculpture (3) 

•• 

Lettering (13) 

69

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LANGUAGE SERIES 

Fifth Grade 


´-Q"$@¨ 

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13498804 

Adventures in NATURE 

BEYOND THE HORIZON 

in 

Of America I 

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Of 


Adventures 

NATURE 


Fourth EditionHmerica 

Fifth graders will travel to other lands, other times, or just around the block while reading the characterbuilding 

stories in their three readers. While reading classic stories of foreign lands, other time periods, 

great achievers, inventors, and men and women who made America great, young readers are introduced 

to a variety of literature and provided with a rich literary heritage. 

A Christian fiction novel and a biographical novel will be used for language book reports. Two speed and 

comprehension readers will whet students’ appetites for a wider range of reading, while they challenge 

each student to learn how to read quickly for information, with a strong emphasis on comprehension. 


•• 


such as Louisa May Alcott, Frances 

Hodgson Burnett, Beverly Cleary, 

Rudyard Kipling, and Mark Twain 

•• 

Character-building themes such as 

bravery, charity, compassion, contentment, 

determination, duty, faith, 

teamwork, and forgiveness 

Materials 

• 


•• 


•• 

Poems (62), plays (2), songs (4) 

•• 


•• 

Christian fiction novel (1) 

•• 

Biographical novel (1) 

•• 


•• 

Read & Comprehend 5 Skill Sheets (42) 

•• 

Adventures in Nature exercises (31) 

Evaluation 

• 


•• 


for timed silent reading exercises and 

stories 

•• 

Weekly vocabulary comprehension 

quizzes (33) 



• 


•• 

Accuracy, fluency, phrasing 

•• 


•• 

Improvement of flow 

•• 


•• 

Vocabulary development through words and definitions included in 

readers 

•• 

Pace and comprehension while reading silently 

•• 

Ability to read poetry correctly 



• 


•• 


•• 

Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause and 


•• 

Determine main characters, theme, climax, and turning point 


´-Q¢!¢¨ 

Writing & Grammar 

Work-text 

As well as providing a thorough review of capitalization, punctuation, and the parts of speech, God’s 

Gift of Language B deepens students’ knowledge of grammar and increases their writing skills. Students 

will be introduced to the four main types of complements and to additional rules for punctuation. 

They will learn how to diagram prepositional phrases and complements. Students’ writing skills 

will improve as they learn how to write effective topic sentences and paragraphs and how to use 

transitional words. Skills learned in outlining, note taking, and preparing a bibliography will aid fifth 

graders in writing an encyclopedia report and a library research report. 

Evaluation 

•• 

Quizzes from quiz/test book (12) 

•• 

Exercises from student book 

(9; each counts as a quiz grade) 

•• 

Tests from quiz/test book (11) 

•• 

Encyclopedia report (counts as test grade) 

•• 

Library research report (counts as 2 test grades) 

•• 

7 graded book reports: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Oral (2; each counts as test grade) 


70 


Fifth Grade 


Grammar 

• 


•• 

First word in every line of poetry, every sentence, and direct quotations 

•• 

Pronoun I 

•• 

Proper nouns: 

•• 

Names, initials 

hhNationalities, races, religions 

•• 

Days, holidays, months 

hhHistorical events or periods, organizations, businesses, ships, 

awards 

•• 

Other particular nouns 

•• 

Geographical locations: streets, cities, states; regions of the 

country or world; countries, continents 

•• 

Geographical features 

hhRecreational areas, planets 

hhProper adjectives 

• 

• 

• First and last words and all important words in the following titles: 

• Books, magazines, poems, and stories 

hhPlays, paintings, and other works of art 

•• 

Title of person before a name 

hhTitles used instead of a name in direct address 

•• 

Nouns referring to the Bible; nouns and pronouns referring to God 

•• 

Punctuation: 

•• 

End marks 

•• 

Commas: 

•• 

To separate three or more items in a series 

hhTo separate two or more adjectives before a noun 

hhBefore coordinating conjunctions joining a compound sentence 

•• 

To separate items in a date or address 

•• 

After salutation of a friendly letter and closing of any letter 

•• 

After well, yes, no, and why at beginning of sentence 

•• 

To set off words of direct address, direct quotation 

•• 

Apostrophes: 

•• 

To form contractions and possessive words 

hhTo form the plural of letters 

• 

•• 

To write time 

• 

• 

• Colons: 

• After salutation of business letters 

• In Scripture references 

hhHyphens: to divide a word at end of line 

hhSemicolons: to separate simple sentences not joined by conjunction 

•• 

Underline: 

• 

• Titles of books, newspapers, ships, plays, sculptures, paintings, 

and other works of art 

hhTitles of films, planes, trains 

•• 

Quotation marks: 

•• 

With direct quotations 

•• 

With titles of short stories, poems, songs, chapters, articles, other 

parts of books, magazines, and newspapers 


•• 

The sentence: 

•• 

Know definitions of sentence, subject, predicate 

•• 

Find subjects and verbs: compound, simple 

•• 

Indentify four types of sentences: declarative, imperative, 


•• 

Recognize simple and compound sentences 

hhDiagram compound sentences 

•• 

Correct run-on sentences and fragments 

hhIdentify complements: direct objects, indirect objects, predicate 

nominatives, predicate adjectives, objects of preposition 

hhAvoid wordiness 

hhFind the subject and verb: 

hhInverted order (interrogative sentences) 

hhThere and other words when beginning the sentence 

•• 


•• 

Recognize and diagram all eight parts of speech: 

•• 

Noun as subject 

hhNoun as predicate nominative, direct object, indirect object, and 

object of the preposition 

•• 

Verb, pronoun, adjective, adverb 

hhPreposition 

•• 

Conjunction 

hhInterjection 

•• 

Verbs: 

•• 

Action, state of being, helping 

hhLinking 

•• 

Verb phrase 

hhPrinciple parts of verbs 

•• 

Spelling rules for verb endings 

hhIrregular forms of principle parts 

•• 

Correct and effective verbs 

hhCorrect use of troublesome verbs: burst, busted; attacked, 

attackted; brought, brung; climbed, clumb; drowned, drownded; 

ate, et; eaten, aten; grew, growed; sneaked, snuck; stole, stoled; 

threw, throwed; thought, thunk 

•• 

Nouns: 

•• 

Common, proper, compound, plural 

•• 

Nouns as antecedents, subjects 

hhNouns as direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative, 

object of preposition 

•• 

Pronouns: 

•• 

Personal pronouns (subject, object, possessive) 

hhCompound, interrogative, demonstrative 

hhSubject and verb agreement with pronouns 

•• 

Adjectives: 

•• 

Proper 

hhAdjectives that look like verbs 

•• 

Possessive nouns and pronouns as adjectives 

hhPredicate adjectives 

hhDistinction between adjectives modifying noun and a compound 

noun 

hhPositive, comparative, and superlative degrees 

hhComparison of irregular adjectives 

71 


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Fifth Grade 


Grammar cont. 

• 

• Adverbs: 

•• 

Know adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs 

•• 

Distinguish adjectives from adverbs 

•• 

Use modifiers correctly 

•• 

Use good and well correctly 

•• 

Use adverbs and negatives correctly 

hhCompare adverbs 

•• 

Prepositions: 

•• 

Prepositional phrase 

•• 

Object of preposition 

hhAdjective or adverb phrase 

•• 

Preposition or adverb 

hhDiagram prepositional phrases 

•• 

Conjunctions: and, but, or, nor, for, yet 

•• 

Interjections: 

•• 

Punctuation 

hhDiagram 

•• 


•• 

Use the best words; use specific words 

•• 

Understand synonyms, homonyms, and antonyms 

•• 

Use the dictionary 

hhUse the thesaurus 

•• 

Correctly use: 

•• 

Between, among; can, may; less, fewer 

hhAmount, number 

Composition 


hhWrite a book report with character sketch using the Writing Process 

•• 

Use a checklist for book reports 

•• 

Write: 

•• 

Friendly letters 

•• 

Post cards 

• 

• Thank-you notes 

hhParagraphs with a topic sentence 

•• 

Paragraphs with unity 

• 

• Write with details 

hhWrite dialogue 

hhComplete creative writing assignments including a poem, narrative, 

biography, Bible story, dialogue, paragraphs, etc. (8) 

hhMake topical and sentence outlines 

•• 

Use the encyclopedia and Writing Process to write an encyclopedia 

report: taking notes, writing a rough draft, rewriting 

•• 

Use the Writing Process for a library research report: 

hhMake a preliminary outline 

hhTake notes 

hhWrite bibliography cards 

hhMake a final outline 

hhWrite the rough draft, a second rough draft, and the final draft 

´-R£!ß¨ 

Penmanship MASTERY 

Language Arts: Penmanship 

Penmanship • Creative Writing 

Penmanship Mastery II concentrates on what fifth graders need most—practice with 

“trouble-maker” letters. Each week’s lessons provide practice with basic letter size 

and formation, correct pen grip, slant, and overall neatness. Students are given the 

opportunity to employ their skills through a variety of interesting activities such as 

word studies and creative writing exercises. Each week, students will also complete a 

creative writing assignment, including a biweekly journal entry. 



•• 

Journal compilation (16) 

•• 

Creative writing assignments (75) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Tests (34) 

•• 



• 

• Maintain good writing position: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Write in ink with a relaxed grip and flowing movement 

•• 

Use correct warm-up procedure with slants, ovals, basic letter strokes 

•• 

Correctly write all upper- and lowercase letters and numbers 0–9 

•• 

Maintain correct letter formation, uniform slant and size, correct 

spacing, letters that touch the line, and proper margins for success in 

writing legibly 

•• 

Use key strokes: slant, loops, tails, and humps 

•• 


•• 

Copy most assignments from print to cursive 

•• 

Be able to write sentences as dictated 

•• 

Write topical journal entries 

72 

Penmanship cont. p. 73

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Fifth Edition 

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Fifth Grade 

Penmanship cont. 

Skills Development cont. 

• 

• Creative writing assignments: 

•• 

Match words to definitions or abbreviations (18) 

•• 

Write a paragraph or sentence on a particular topic (16) 

•• 

Use words beginning with or containing a particular letter (8) 

•• 

Write a poem, paragraph, or sentence with given words (8) 

•• 

Classify words by syllables or alphabetical order (8) 

•• 

Complete a given paragraph or sentence (6) 

•• 

Correct word usage or spelling (5) 

•• 

Create tongue twisters or limericks (3) 

•• 

Form compound words from given parts or new words by adding 

prefix or suffix (2) 

•• 

Word search (1) 


•• 

Copy assignments from print to cursive using language skills and science 

and geography facts 

hhComplete challenging and fun-filled assignments using poetry, word 

puzzles, and jokes 


´*B^!`¨ 

Spelling V ocabulary & P oetry 5 

® 


In order to achieve spelling mastery, students must learn how spelling “works.” Spelling, Vocabulary, & 

Poetry 5 allows students to understand how spelling “works” by teaching them to examine words and 

apply spelling and phonics rules. They will also learn the spelling and abbreviation for each book of the 

Bible and the difference between pairs of words commonly used as synonyms, antonyms, or homonyms. 

A variety of exercises allows fifth graders to recognize misspelled words, practice using spelling and 

vocabulary words in sentences, and improve their proofreading skills. Students will enjoy memorizing 

and reciting the six character-building poems that have been included in this text. 


• 


•• 

Spelling lists (34) including a review 

list at the end of each 9 weeks: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Organized by topic (29) 

•• 

Practice exercises (68) including cumulative 

review of vocabulary words and 

definitions 

•• 


•• 

Poetry: 

•• 


•• 

Poem introductions include: discussion 

•• 

Spelling rules in text for quick reference ideas, some historical content, and 

•• 

Teacher resources: 

information about the author 

•• 

•• 

Sentence bank 

CD included to help with interpretation 

•• 

•• 

Vocabulary words and definitions with 

Practical spelling tips and suggestions 

each poem 


Evaluation 

•• 



hhMaster spelling and vocabulary lists including: 

hhVocabulary words and definitions 

hhSynonyms and homonyms 

hhAntonyms 

•• 

Use vocabulary words in proper context 

•• 


• 

• Correctly write sentences dictated by teacher using vocabulary 

words 

•• 

Create good sentences using spelling and vocabulary words 

•• 

Proofread for spelling errors: recognize misspelled words in pairs, 

lists, and sentences 

•• 

Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directed 


•• 

Learn background information on some spelling and vocabulary words 

hhLearn the spelling and abbreviation for each book of the Bible 

hhDistinguish between pairs of words commonly used as synonyms, 

antonyms, or homonyms 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Know when to change y to i when adding suffixes 

•• 


hhLearn: 

hhExceptions to the final e rule 

hhWords that follow no spelling pattern 

hhHow to choose the correct ending for spelling words with soundalike 

suffixes 

hhRules for standard plural nouns 

hhCompound words and words with hyphens 

73 

Spelling, Vocabulary, & Poetry cont. p. 74

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Fifth Grade 

Spelling, Vocabulary, & Poetry cont. 


hhMemorize 5 lyrical poems and 1 hymn 

•• 


•• 

Perform in front of an audience 

•• 


• 



•• 


•• 

Improve comprehension of emotion and content 

•• 

Develop mental visualization of the poem 

•• 

Discuss meaning and purpose of each poem 

•• 

Use proper observation of punctuation 

Arithmetic 

Work-text 

An information box, abundant practice of new and review concepts and facts, and 

daily word problems are key features of Arithmetic 5. Problem-solving strategies 

are scattered throughout the text to help students acquire the skills necessary to 

be expert problem solvers. Emphasis is placed on topics such as whole numbers, 

fractions, decimals, measurement and algebraic equations, and basic geometric 

problems. 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Daily skills development exercises (135) 

´-S3!k¨ 


Numbers 

•• 

Place value: 

hhWhole numbers to the 100 billions’ place 

•• 

Decimals to the thousandths’ place 

• 

• Counting sequences 

hhWriting numbers from dictation to the 100 billions’ place 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Basic rules for Roman numerals 

•• 

More complex rules for forming Roman numerals: 

hhSubtract a numeral only from the next two greater numerals 

hhTerms: notation, numeration 

•• 

Comparing 

•• 

Recognize symbols: 

•• 

> (greater than); < (less than) 

hh≠ (unequal) 

hhRounding: whole numbers, money, deci mals, timed mastery 

•• 

Number sentences: greater or less than 

•• 

Estimating: 

hhSum, difference 

•• 

Product, quotient 

Addition 

• 

• Addition families 1–18 in mixed order 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 


•• 

Missing sign 

•• 

Word problems 

•• 

Money 



•• 

Carrying to any position 

•• 

Checking by: 

•• 

Addition 

hhCasting out 9s 

•• 


•• 

Averaging 

•• 

Fractions with common and uncommon denominators 

•• 

Measures 

hhDecimals with annexing zeros 

Subtraction 

• 

• Subtraction families 1–18 in mixed order 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Missing sign 



•• 

Word problems 

•• 


•• 

Borrowing from any position 

•• 

Money 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Measures 

hhDecimals with annexing zeros 

•• 



•• 

Multiplication facts: 0–12 tables 

•• 

Word problems 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Terms: factors, product, partial products 

•• 

Missing sign 

hhMental arithmetic: problems combining multiplication, division, 


74 


Fifth Grade 



•• 

Multiplying with up to 3-digit multiplier (factor) 

•• 

Carrying 

hhChecking by: 

hhReversing factors 


•• 

Money 

•• 

Factors: 

•• 

Factoring 

•• 

Finding common and greatest common factor 

•• 

Fractions: 

•• 

Using cancellation 

•• 

Multiplying: 

•• 

Fractions with whole or mixed numbers 

hhFractions with 2 mixed numbers 

hhDecimals: 

hhMultiplied by whole numbers 

hhMultiplied by another decimal 

hhAnnexing zeros in multiplication 

•• 


hhBy powers of ten 

Division 

•• 

Division facts: 1–12 tables 

•• 

Word problems 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Missing sign 

•• 

Timed mastery 



•• 

Divisor: 

•• 

1 or 2 digits 

hh3 digits 

•• 

Dividends up to 6 digits 

•• 

Remainders written as fractions 

•• 

Checking by: 

•• 



•• 

Money 

•• 

Averaging 

•• 

Estimating quotients 

•• 

Divisibility rules: 

•• 

Dividing by 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 

hhDividing by 6 

hhDividing fractions: 

hhWhole or mixed number by a fraction 

hhFraction by a fraction 

hhFraction or mixed number by a whole number 

hhBy a mixed number 

hhDecimals: 

hhDividing a decimal by a whole number 

hhEliminating the decimal point in the divisor 

hhAnnexing zeros to avoid remainders 

•• 


hhBy powers of ten 

Fractions 

•• 

Parts of a whole or group 

hhWord problems: a broader and deeper understanding of concepts 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 


•• 

Number words 

•• 

Types: 

•• 

Proper, mixed, improper 

•• 

Change to mixed or whole number 

•• 

Reducing: 

•• 

Finding least common denominator 

•• 

Answers reduced to lowest terms 

•• 

Number line 

•• 

Addition with common or uncommon denominators 

•• 

Subtraction: 

•• 

With common or uncommon denominators 

•• 

With borrowing 

•• 

Multiplication: 

•• 


• 

• Multiplying a fraction with a whole or mixed number 

hhMultiplying 2 mixed numbers 

•• 


hhDivision: 

hhWhole or mixed number by a fraction 

hhFraction by a fraction 

hhFraction or a mixed number by a whole number 

hhBy a mixed number 

hhChanging fractions to decimals and decimals to fractions 

Decimals 

• 

• Money 

•• 

Reading and writing: 


hhWriting fraction as a decimal 

•• 

Writing decimal as a fraction 

• 

• Place value to the thousandths’ place 

hhAddition and subtraction: annexing zeros 

hhMultiplication: 

hhBy a whole number 

hhBy another decimal 

hhWhen zeros are annexed 

hhDivision: 

hhDividing a decimal by a whole number 

hhEliminating the decimal point in the divisor 

hhAnnexing zeros to avoid remainders 

hhComparing and repeating decimals 

hhRounding 


hhChanging decimals to fractions or fractions to decimals 


• 


•• 

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions 

•• 

Money, measures, averages, decimals 

•• 

Geometry: area, perim e ter 

•• 

Graphs 

hhScale drawings, temperature 

75 


Fifth Grade 


Problem Solving & Applications cont. 

•• 

Steps of problem-solving process: 

hhProblems requiring four steps 

• 

• Mixed operations, estimating answers, eliminating unnecessary facts 

hhWriting a number sentence, drawing a model of a problem, using a 

schedule, estimating money amounts, guessing and checking, making 

an organized list, reading a chart, using educated trial and error 

•• 

Applications: 

hhDeveloping a broader and deeper understanding of concepts: 

hhMeasures, Roman numerals 

hhFractions, money, decimals 

hhGraphs, scale drawings 

hhTempera ture, geometry, place value 

Time 

•• 

Table of time: second, minute, hour; day, week, year, leap year; 

decade, score, century, millennium 

Money 

•• 

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with $ 

hhEstimation 

hhRounding to nearest cent 

Measures 

• 

• Temperature: 

•• 


•• 

Term: degrees 

•• 

Celsius and Fahrenheit: 

•• 


•• 

Normal body temperature 

hhConverting Celsius to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to Celsius 

hhNegative temperatures 

•• 

Length: 

hhMeasuring to 1 /8 of an inch 

•• 


•• 

Metric: millimeter, centimeter, decimeter, meter, decameter, 

hectometer, kilometer 

hhConverting kilometers to miles and miles to kilometers 

•• 

Weight: 

•• 


•• 

Metric: milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram, 

hectogram, kilogram 

•• 

Capacity: 

•• 

English: fluid ounce, cup, pint, quart, gallon, peck, bushel, 

teaspoon, tablespoon 

•• 

Metric: milliliter, centiliter, deciliter, liter, decaliter, hectoliter, kiloliter 

•• 

Ordering measures: least to greatest 

•• 

Converting measures from one measure to another within same system 

•• 

Adding unlike measures within the same system 

•• 

Subtracting unlike measures within the same system 

•• 

Square measures: 

•• 

Square inches, square feet, square yards 

hhAcres, square miles 

•• 

Timed mastery; metric prefixes 


•• 

Statistics: averaging 

•• 

Scale drawing 

•• 

Graphs: 

hhDrawing graphs 

•• 

Pictographs, bar, and line graphs 

hhColumn graphs 

hhIdentify title, labels, and scale 

hhOrdered pairs 

hhProbability ratio 

Geometry 

•• 

Plane figures: 

•• 

Simple closed figure, polygon 

•• 

Quadrilateral: parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus, trapezoid 

hhPentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon 

hhTriangle: right, isosceles, equilateral 

•• 

Angles: 

•• 

Right, congruent 

hhAcute, obtuse, straight 

•• 

Lines: 

•• 

Line segment, line, ray, intersecting lines 

hhParallel and perpendicular lines 

•• 

Terms: 

•• 

Point, plane, congruent 

hhSimilar, diagonal 

•• 

Perimeter of a polygon 

•• 

Area: formulas for rectangle and square 

•• 

Recognize models and symbols: . (point); — (line segment); 

↔ (line); → (ray); ∠ (angle) 

hhSquares and square roots 

Percent, Ratio, Proportion 

hhIntroduction to concept 

h 

h Recognize symbol: % (percent) 

Pre-Algebra 

hhSolving equations: 

hh4 new axioms: 

h 

h 

hhNegative numbers 

h 

h 

h 


h With number and unknown side by side 

h Unknown as numerator and number as denominator 

h Squares and square roots 

h Exponents, bases, radical signs 

h Order of operations 

76

13527504 

5 5 


Fifth Grade 


´-Tk$S¨ 

Old World History and Geography presents a fascinating study of the Eastern Hemisphere by 

geographical regions starting with the Middle East, where history began. It not only presents the 

importance of studying history and the significance of geography, but also describes the beginnings 

of history from a Christian perspective. Students are introduced to worldwide missions and missionary 

heroes, while learning about the history, geography, and culture of these specific locations: 

Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica. They will also study history as it relates to 

important topics such as creation, evolution, humanism, government, and nations. 


•• 


•• 

Chapter checkups at end of each chapter (16) 

•• 

Special feature boxes with in-depth study 

of Eastern Hemisphere (36): 

•• 

Concepts and places of history 

•• 

Spotlights on events 

•• 

Animals of the world 

•• 

Wonders of geography 

•• 

Important people of history and 

missionaries of the world 

•• 

Maps (43) and important facts about each 

continent at beginning of each unit 

•• 

Worksheets (39): 

•• 

Geography facts and review (24) 

•• 

Chapter content worksheets (6) 

•• 

Geography atlas and continent study (6) 

•• 

Map skills (3) 

•• 

Nation Notebook optional research project: 

•• 

For nation from Eastern or Western Hemisphere 

•• 

Including geography, symbols, way of life, history 

•• 

Improving skills: organizing time and meeting 

deadlines, gathering information, writing reports, 

reading maps, mounting and labeling pictures, 

making a time line 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Tests (11) 

•• 

9-weeks content and geography exams (4) 

•• 

Atlas, continent, and geography facts 

memorized and evaluated (36) 


History Study 

hhFertile Crescent: 

hhCradle of civilization: 

hhLand of beginnings 

hhSumer: civilization of southern Mesopotamia (Babylon), irrigation, 

writing, wheel, archaeologists, ziggurats 

hhUr of the Chaldees: Chaldea, stone temples, marketplace, 

Abraham 

hhAncient Middle East: 

hhWhere history began 

hhHomes of ancient times 

hhDaily life in an ancient city 

hhPhoenicians (seafaring people): sailors, Carthage, alphabet, papyrus, 

blown glass 

hhHittites: empire builders 

hhLydians (makers of money): trade by barter, first coins minted 

hhIsraelites (God’s chosen people): Sinai Peninsula, Ten Commandments, 

Joshua, “Holy Land,” Canaanites, judges, King Saul, King 

David, King Solomon 

hhAssyrian Empire: feared conquerors 

hhBabylonian Empire: Code of Hammurabi, Chaldeans, Seven 

Wonders of the Ancient World, Daniel, King Belshazzar 

hhPersian Empire: Cyrus the Great 

hhMiddle East today: 

hhGeographical features 

hhClimate: desert regions, Mediterranean climate, fertile land 

hhPlants and animals 

hhPeople: Arabic language, Islam religion 

hhImportance of history and current events: Islam, Judaism, 

Christianity, natural resources 

hhThree geographical areas: Fertile Crescent, Arabian Peninsula, 

Northern Plateaus 

hhHenry Martyn: missionary to India and Middle East 

77 

hhCountries of Central and Southern Asia: 

hhIndia: 

hhTopographical features, caste system, family life, religion, place 

value, decimal numeral system 

hhTaj Mahal, Vasco da Gama, East India Company, William Carey, 

East and West Pakistan, Mt. Everest 

hhAmy Carmichael: missionary to Indian children 

hhOther Central and Southern Asian Countries 

hhCountries of the Far East: 

hhChina: 

hhHuang He (China’s Sorrow), dynasties, Great Wall of China, 

discoveries and inventions, missionary efforts 

hhChanging country, Republic of China, Communism, Mao Tse-tung, 

Chiang Kai-shek, People’s Republic of China 

hhModern China, Beijing, Hong Kong, Tiananmen Square 

hhChinese sphere of influence 

hhNortheast and Southeast Asian countries 

hhEgypt: 

hhGeography of Egypt 

hhEgypt’s beginning: early river civilizations 

hhDynasties 

hhBuilding projects of the phar aohs: irrigation and flood control, 

shadoof, pyramids, Great Sphinx, obelisks, Valley of the Kings, 

“King Tut” 

hhEveryday life in ancient Egypt: people, education, food 

hhPapyrus plant: first paper, hieroglyphics, Rosetta Stone 

hhDecline of Egypt 


Fifth Grade 


History Study cont. 

hhAfrica long ago: 

hhLand of mystery: “Dark Continent” 

hhHighlights of African history: 

hhLand of Phut, Sahara, Land of Cush 

hhEthiopian eunuch, Queen of Sheba, early Christians in North 

Africa 

hhMuslim control, Ghana Empire, Mali Empire 

hhAge of exploration and missions: 

hhMalaria, yellow fever, sleeping sickness, slave trade 

hhRobert Moffat, David Livingstone, Victoria Falls, Henry Stanley, 

Samuel Crowther, Mary Slessor 

hhAfrica in modern times: 

hhNorthern Africa: Sahara, Barbary Coast, Aswan High Dam, Suez 

Canal, Sudan, Khartoum 

hhTropical Africa: history and geography 

hhSouthern Africa: European settlement, Republic of South Africa, 

resources and industries 

hhModern Africa’s needs: the Gospel, food, shelter, education, 

stable government 

hhAncient Greece 

hhGeographical features 

hhFirst Greeks: Minoans, Crete, Mycenaeans, Trojan horse 

hhGreek alphabet and writings: Homer, Aesop 

hhGreek philosophers: Pythagoras, Democritus, Socrates, Plato, 

Aristotle 

hhGreek city: city-state, agora, acropolis, theater, gymnasium, 

stadium 

hhA Greek idea: democracy (people rule) 

hhTwo famous city-states: Sparta, courage, strength, loyalty, helots; 

Athens, culture 

hhPhilip of Macedonia: Macedonia, phalanx 

hhAlexander the Great (Conqueror of the World): Hellenistic Age 

hhRome: 

hhLand: Apennine Peninsula, Italy, Alps, Po River, Tiber River 

hhPeople: Italians, Latins, Etruscans, Greek influence 

hhLife in Rome: home, education, roads, bridges, tunnels, aqueducts, 

concrete, government, Roman Republic, patricians, plebeians 

hhHow Rome conquered the world: Punic Wars, Julius Caesar, Rubicon 

River, dictator, Mark Antony, Pompeii 

hhRoman Empire: Augustus Caesar, Pax Romana 

hhChristianity: 

hhGreatest event in history: birth of Jesus, early ministry of Jesus 

Christ, spread of the Gospel 

hhNero and the persecution of Christians: colosseum, gladiators, 

the catacombs 

hhRise of Constantine 

hhFall of Rome 

hhMiddle Ages: 

hhPeasants and lords, Roman church, Charlemagne, Holy Roman 

Empire 

hhMonasteries, convents, crusades, Waldensians, Inquisition, John 

Wycliffe, John Huss 

hhInvention of printing press: Johann Gutenberg, Gutenberg Bible 

hhMartin Luther and the Protestant Reformation: indulgences, purgatory, 

Ninety-Five Theses 


hhEngland and the British Isles: 

hhBritish Isles: “Mother Country,” biblical heritage 

•• 

Great events in English history: 

hhMagna Carta, Elizabethan Age 

•• 

Age of Puritans: 

hhPuritans and science, Wesleyan Revival 

hhRise of industry, Victorian Age, England’s decline, restoring England’s 

greatness, Margaret Thatcher 

hhEngland: land and people, Pennine Chain, London, Thames, the 

Chunnel 

hhIreland, Scotland, and Wales: “Emerald Isle,” people, potato famine, 

Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scottish Highlands 

hhOther countries of Western Europe: 

hhTwo Europes: Communist Eastern Europe, Free Western Europe 

hhMediterranean Europe: 

hhSpain: ancient Armada 

hhPortugal: explorers 

hhItaly: Renaissance 

hhGreece: early European civilizations 

hhCentral Europe: 

hhFrance: revolution 

hhSwitzerland: mountain republic 

hhAustria: culture and beauty 

hhGermany: reformation 

hhThe low countries: The Netherlands (land below sea level), how 

Dutch made Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg 

hhScandinavia (land of Vikings): 

hhNorway: land of the Midnight Sun 

hhSweden: largest Scandinavian country 

hhDenmark: Hans Christian Andersen 

hhIceland: land of fire and ice 

hhFinland: scenic forest land, European tundra 

hhLanguages of Europe: Romance, Germanic, Slavic, and others 

hhCountries of Eastern Europe: 

hhRussia under the czars 

hhHow Communism began: Karl Marx, Marxism 

hhBirth of the Soviet Union: Russian Revolution, Communist terrorism 

•• 

Changes in the Soviet Union: 

hhNo food, disaster in Afghanistan 

•• 

Mikhail Gorbachev 

hhPerestroika and glasnost, Lech Walesa, Solidarity, Baltic Republics 

hhLife in the Soviet Union: atheism, few freedoms, government control 

hhSoviet Union and United Nations 

hhFall of the Soviet Empire: Boris Yeltsin, Russian Republic, Commonwealth 

of Independent States 

hhModern countries of Eastern Europe 

hhAustralia and beyond: 

hhAustralia: “Island Continent,” land and climate, Great Barrier Reef, 

plants and animals, history, government, cities, country life, industry 

and resources 

hhOceania: islands of the Pacific 

hhAntarctica: coldest continent, discovery and exploration, Captain 

James Cook, Richard Byrd 

78 


13515103 

5 5 


Fifth Grade 


Memory Work 

• 

• 6 documents: 

•• 

The American’s Creed 

•• 

Portion of The Declaration of Independence 

•• 

Preamble to the Constitution 

•• 

First Amendment to the Constitution 

•• 

The Rights of Americans 

•• 

Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address 

•• 

States and capitals 

•• 

44 U.S. Presidents 


•• 

Atlas facts memorized: 

hhEastern Hemisphere: political map of nations, cities, states, 

bodies of water, oceans 

hhWorld: physical maps of rivers, seas, deserts, mountain ranges, 

mountains 

hhKingdoms and empires of the ancient world 

hhAfrica: countries, rivers, mountains, bodies of water 

•• 

Landforms 

hhBodies of water 

•• 

U.S. states and capitals 

hhContinent facts memorized: 

hhAsia: countries, capital names, locations; continent facts, seas, 

rivers, mountain ranges, mountains, deserts 

hhAfrica: countries, capital names, locations; continent facts, rivers, 

deserts, mountain ranges, mountain 

hhEurope: countries, capital names, locations; continent facts, seas, 

rivers, mountain ranges, mountains 

hhAustralia, Oceania, & Antarctica: countries, capital names, 

locations; continent facts, mountain ranges, desert, islands 

•• 

Geography terms and facts memorized: 

•• 

Circle of the earth: 

•• 

Sphere 

hhDiameter, circumference 

•• 

Oceans 

hhSeas 

• 

• 


• Seven continents 

• Earth’s hemispheres: 

hhNorthern, southern 

•• 

Eastern, western 

•• 

Latitude and longitude: 

hhParallels of latitude, tropics, meridians 

•• 

Poles, Equator 

hhBodies of water: gulf, strait, channel 

•• 

Rivers: 

hhTributary, mouth, delta 

•• 

Upstream, downstream 

hhLandforms: plains, plateaus, hills, mountains 

hhMountains and mountain ranges: sea level, altitude, peak, summit; 

volcano, dormant, extinct 

hhWorld’s greatest deserts 

hhClimate zones 

hhTropical rain forests 

hhTropical savannas 

´-SS#l¨ 

Science 

Investigating God’s World leads students continually from the known to the unknown 

by teaching important science concepts within the context of things they can see 

and know. The aim is to help students better understand basic science principles 

rather than to merely teach them science vocabulary. 

This text presents the world as the creation of God and glorifies Him as its Sustainer 

and Upholder. It introduces great scientists and naturalists who believed in the 

biblical account of Creation, and where appropriate, it refutes the materialist’s faith 

in evolution. Students will also learn about topics such as plants and animals, matter 

and energy, light, and minerals. 



• 

• Suggested: 

•• 

Enrichment projects (3) 

•• 

DVDs (4) 

•• 


Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Tests (6) 

•• 


Insects & Plants 

• 

• The mysteries around us: 

•• 

Science and observation 

hhLaw and order 

•• 

A detective’s tools: his senses and intelligence, books and equipment 

hhInvestigating a goldenrod jungle: 

•• 

Pollination 

•• 

Honeybees 

hhMore stinging insects: bumblebees, yellow jackets 

• 

• Victims and villains: 

hhPredator, prey 

•• 

Food chain 

•• 

Mimicry: 

•• 

Monarchs and viceroy butterflies 

hhBee and fly differences; bee killers 

79 

Science cont. p. 80

Fifth Grade 

Science cont. 

Insects & Plants cont. 

•• 

Camouflage: 

hhAmbush bug, goldenrod spider 

hhTrue bugs: 

hhPiercing and sucking mouthparts 

hhWings that cross 

hhPraying mantis: egg case, nymph 

• 

• Beetles and seed eaters: 

hhBeetle characteristics, locust borer, goldenrod soldier beetle 

•• 

Seed feeders: 

• 

• Birds 

hhRabbits 

hhComposite flowers: characteristics of composites; daisy, aster, blackeyed 

Susan, thistle, goldenrod, ragweed 

hhWilliam Carey: missionary and botanist in India 


hhSetting up a living flower exhibit 

hhMaking a meadow in a terrarium 

hhObserving insect orders 

hhMaking plant exhibits: drying flowers, building a gall cage 

hhUsing a water lens 

hhLearning more about honeybees: the “bee dance” 

hhObserving social insects 

hhMaking a creature keeper 

hhMaking a pitfall trap 

Mammals 

•• 

Habitats 

•• 

Vertebrates: 

•• 


hhFour limbs: two forelimbs, two hind limbs 

•• 

Warm-blooded 

•• 

Hair: 

• 

• Fur, wool, spines or quills, bristles, whiskers 

hhFor warmth: 

hhWhales’ blubber 

•• 

For camouflage 

hhSpecial structures: horns, claws, nails, hoofs, hard plates 

hhMammary glands: most mammals provide milk for their young 

hhUnusual mammals: 

hhMarsupials 

hhPlatypus and echidna: hatch from eggs 

hhGnawing mammals: 

hhRodents (herbivores): rats, mice 

hhRabbits are not rodents 

•• 

Insect-eating mammals: 

hhAnt-eating mammals: giant anteater, aardvark, pangolin 

hhInsectivores: shrews, moles, hedgehogs 

hhBats 

hhDogs (canines): breeding, training 

hhCarnivores 

hhWild dogs: wolves, coyotes, foxes 

hhCats (felines): 

hhDesigned to stalk: night vision, whiskers, rough tongue, padded 

feet 

hhWild cats: tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard, etc. 

80 

hhOther carnivores: contrast in size 

hhLarge carnivores: bears, giant pandas 

hhSmall carnivores: 

hhWeasels and minks 

• 

• Skunks 

hhPrimates (tree-dwelling mammals): 

hhCharacteristics 

hhApes: mountain gorillas and chimpanzees 

hhMonkeys: New World and Old World 

hhHorses: man’s best helper 

hhCloven-hoofed animals: 

hhBovids (useful ruminants): cattle, sheep, goats 

hhDeer (antlered ruminants): white-tailed deer, moose, reindeer and 

caribou 

hhDifferences between horns and antlers 

hhGrenfell of Labrador: missionary and doctor 

hhMammals and man: 

hhLikenesses and differences 

hhBalance of nature; extinct and endangered species 


hhCollecting and recognizing animal tracks 

hhInvestigating your dog and cat 

hhFollowing tracks: studying animal tracks 

hhDemonstrating wool’s ability to hold heat 

hhBuilding a nature sanctuary 

hhObserving animal measurements 

Energy: Light 

hhDefining light: 

h 


h Speed of light 

hhTransparent, opaque, translucent light 

hhShadows 

hhJourney of light: 

hhLuminous objects 

hhNatural and artificial light 

hhReflection: bouncing light; convex and concave mirrors 

hhRefraction (bending light rays): 

hhConvex and concave lens, telescopes 

hhThe spectrum: ROY G. BV, infrared, ultraviolet 

hhEyes (the light detectors): 

•• 

Parts of the eye: 

•• 

Pupil, iris, lens, retina, optic nerve 

hhCornea 

hhEye conditions: nearsightedness, farsightedness 

hhSir Isaac Newton and the eye 

hhAnimal eyes: 

h 

•• 

Insects’ eyes 

• 

h Characteristics of birds’ eyes 

• Night vision 

hhBinocular vision, monocular vision 

hhSeeing color 


hhMaking a lens and mirror collection 

hhObserving light reflectors 

hhObserving eyeshine 

hhDemonstrating transparent, translucent, and opaque materials 

hhObserving mirrored impressions 

hhMaking a spectrum 

Science cont. p. 81

Fifth Grade 

Science cont. 

Geology 

hhThe earth’s structure: crust, mantle, outer core, inner core 

hhSoil (a natural resource): 

• 

• Humus; conservation 

hhChemical and physical weathering 

• 

• Rocks: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic 

hhMinerals: crystals and gemstones; mineralogists 

hhMetals: 

hhCharacteristics of metals 

hhGold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, mercury, uranium 

hhHidden treasures: 

hhFossil fuels: coal, oil 

hhHot springs and geysers 

hhHollowed-out caves: stalactites, stalagmites, spelunkers 

hhCharles Spurgeon: preacher who loved nature 

hhInteresting treasures: 

hhFossils: 

hhFormation, kinds 

hhPaleontologists 

hhMen who saw dinosaurs: Bible characters; others throughout history 


hhGathering a rock collection 

hhDoing the acid test 

hhMaking a crystal garden 

hhIdentifying minerals 

hhIdentifying artificial fossils 

hhObserving physical weathering at work 

Oceanography 

•• 

The sea is His: beauty, power, secrets 

•• 

Water (the necessary resource): 

•• 

Composition of water 

•• 

Water cycle 

hhTide and shore: 

hhTypes of tides, tidal zones 

hhRocky shores 

•• 

Sandy shores 

hhShellfish: mollusks, crustaceans 

hhSea stars 

hhBeauties of the coral reef: coral polyps; fish of the coral reefs 

hhSome seafaring mammals: 

•• 

Whales 

hhPinnipeds, sea otters 

hhWinged wanderers: albatrosses, gulls, penguins 

hhPreserving the sea: 

hhOil spills 

•• 

Conservation 


hhGathering a seashell collection 

hhMoving molecules 

hhDemonstrating a miniature oil slick 

Energy & Engines 

hhForce and motion (engines): 

• 

• 


• Forces necessary for motion: 

• Force of gravity, force of friction 

hhForce of contact 

hhElectricity and magnetism: 

hhForce of electricity: positive and negative charges 

•• 

Force of magnetism 

hhWork and energy: 

hhForms of energy; types of energy; transfers of energy 

•• 

Energy for muscles 

•• 

The power of water and wind: windmills, water wheels 

•• 

Water, ice, and steam: 

hhThe three states of matter, changes in the states 

•• 

Water’s three states 

•• 

Water molecules in motion 

hhThe power of steam: 

hhPerformance under pressure 

hhSteam engine; steam locomotive 

hhThe power of internal combustion: 

hhNecessary ingredients for combustion 

hhGasoline and diesel engines 

hhThe power of jet propulsion: how a jet engine works 

hhThe power of rocket engines: 

hhRockets and oxygen 

hhModern rocketry 

hhTwo types of rocket engines 


hhCalculating weight on the moon (effect of gravity) 

hhDemonstrating electrical charges 

hhObserving molecules move in water 


hhImportance of oxygen in combustion 

hhMagnetic field 

Astronomy 

• 

• The sun: 

•• 

Size; a source of energy 

hhLayers: core, photosphere, chromospheres, corona 

• 

• 

• 

• The stars: constellations of the northern and southern hemispheres 

• The moon: 

• Appearance 

hhMoon seas, phases of the moon 

hhEight planets: names, description of each 

• 

• Air: gases in the air, importance of air, atmosphere, air pressure 

hhThe wild blue yonder: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, 

exosphere, magnetic field 

hhWernher von Braun: aerospace engineer 


hhExploring space from your backyard 


hhAir’s expansion and contraction in response to temperature 

hhAir pressure with an atmospheric egg 

81 

Science cont. p. 82

® 

13522403 

® 

5 5 

® 

Fifth Grade 

Science cont. 

Weather 

•• 

Temperatures and winds: 

hhSolar rays; greenhouse effect 

hhSeasons: 

hhResult of earth’s tilt on axis 

hhThe winds: 

hhTemperature differences 

hhAir pressure 

hhMajor wind systems 

• 

• Water vapor: humidity; condensation 

hhAtmosphere: ingredients for cloud formation; types of air masses, 

fronts 

•• 

Clouds: 

•• 

Shapes and names: cumulus, stratus, cirrus, combination clouds 

hhFog 

•• 

Precipitation: 

•• 

Rain, sleet, snowflakes: 

hhDry snow, wet snow, freezing rain, tropical rain 

•• 

Storms: 

hhHow a storm is produced 

hhAnatomy of a cumulonimbus cloud 

•• 

Hailstones 

hhTypes of lightning 

hhTornadoes: watches and warnings 

•• 

Storm safety 

hhWeather monitoring and forecasting 


hhBuilding a water barometer 

hhCreating a wind system 

hhBuilding a hygrometer 


hhMaking fog 

hhInvestigating snow crystals 

hhBeing a weather prophet 

Variety of Vertebrates 

• 

• Classification of animals 

•• 

Warm-blooded and cold-blooded vertebrates: definition 

•• 

Birds and flight: 

•• 

Structure of feathers and bones 

hhTypes of wings 

hhPowerful breast muscles 

•• 

Fish: 

•• 

Structure: gills, scales, swim bladder 

hhTypes: jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish 

•• 

Snakes (reptiles): 

hhParts of a snake, venomous snakes, common snakes, constrictors 

hhTreatment of snakebites 

hhLizards (reptiles): defenses, types 

hhTurtles and crocodiles (reptiles): 

hhArmor-like structure, parts of turtle shells 

hhTypes of turtles and crocodiles 

•• 

Amphibians: 

•• 

Types 

•• 

Tadpole metamorphosis 

hhUnusual amphibians 

•• 

Louis Agassiz: “America’s Greatest Science Teacher” (1847–1873) 


hhConducting an egg watch 

hhObserving fish 

•• 

Raising tadpoles 

´-T8#¨ 

ENJOYING GOOD HEALTH 

Health 

Third Edition 

The active lifestyle presented in Enjoying Good Health emphasizes the significance of 

maintaining sound health habits. While reviewing the muscular and respiratory systems 

of the human body, each student is encouraged to measure his level of fitness. An 

in-depth study of the circulatory system adds to the student’s knowledge of physical 

fitness. The study of nutrition focuses on the importance of a healthful diet and its 

effects on overall fitness and personal appearance. 

Enjoying Good Health also stresses personal responsibility in overcoming spiritual 

battles, concluding with a practical study of the Christian’s spiritual armor. 



•• 


•• 


•• 

Mental exercise (1) 

•• 

Demonstrations: 

• 

• Measuring amount of air in breath 

•• 

Determining your optimal range 

•• 


Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Tests (4) 

Circulatory System 

hhBlood: cardiac muscle, arteries, capillaries, veins, plasma, red and 

white cells, antibodies, platelets 

hhHeart: atrium, ventricle, valves 

hhCirculatory system: aorta, pulse, capillaries, venae cavae, varicose 

veins, blood pressure 

hhRest: lactic acid, carbon dioxide, amount needed 

hhProtecting your heart: alcohol and tobacco use, cholesterol, physical 

fitness 

82 

Health cont. p. 83

Life of David SERIES 1 


1 God Chooses David 

2 David Kills Goliath 

3 David and Jonathan 



abeka.com 

Fifth Grade 

Health cont. 

Nutrient Study 

•• 

Energy; diet 

•• 

Nutrients: 

hhSimple and complex carbohydrates 

hhSaturated and unsaturated fats 

hhWater-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins 

hhMinerals: phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, iodine, 

zinc 

hhDeficiency conditions: osteoporosis, goiter, anemia 

•• 

Daily Food Guide: malnutrition, balanced diet, Food Guide Pyramid 

and 5 groups 

hhEnergy for activity: calories, metabolism 

•• 

Balanced meals: a good breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks 

•• 

Energy input and output: maintaining a healthy weight, obesity 

Digestive System 

hhDigestive system: alimentary canal 

h 

• 

h Parts: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon 

• Saliva, gastric juices, bile 

hhExcretory system: kidneys, bladder 

hhJob of the liver in digestion 

hhAbsorption and elimination: villi, colon, fiber 


•• 

Water: 

•• 

Importance, amount needed 

hhSafe drinking water 

hhDysentery 

hhCaffeine 

hhAids and hindrances to digestion 

•• 

Pleasant meals: manners 

Physical Fitness in Action: Exercise 

•• 

Factors: 

•• 

Aerobic endurance 

•• 

Muscular strength and endurance; agility 

hhFlexibility 

•• 

Body composition 

Interpersonal Relationships 

•• 

Social acceptance: 

•• 

Influenced by personal appearance and hygiene: posture, halitosis, 

brushing, flossing, deodorant 

•• 

Influenced by actions: 

•• 

Polite conversations; proper introductions 

•• 

Telephone courtesy during incoming and outgoing calls 

hhRSVPs, thank-you notes 

•• 

Being a good friend 

hhMental awareness: potential, eye-gate, ear-gate, right attitudes, 

gratitude 

hhSpiritual warfare: armor of God 

Bible 

Young 

DAVID 

Fifth grade Bible is filled with many astounding stories about Bible characters 

such as Moses, Ruth, Daniel, Samuel, and David. Students will also study Joshua’s 

life and learn how his loyalty to God made him an excellent leader and caused 

him to triumph in battle. These Bible stories will show students how God can do 

mighty acts when a person has faith in Him. 

Evaluation 

•• 

Graded memory verse 

passages (8) 

•• 


´.,R/L¨ 

14125015 



•• 


•• 

Life of Moses Series (20): Moses in Egypt; Journey to Sinai; Journey 

through the Wilderness 

•• 

Tabernacle (3) 

•• 

First Christmas (5); Joshua (7); Judges (6); Ruth (3); Jonah (2) 

•• 

Crucifixion and Resurrection (9); Life of Samuel (4) 

•• 

Life of David Series (13): 

•• 

Young David, David in Hiding 

hhDavid the King 

•• 



•• 

Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, and patriotic songs: 


Memory Work 

hhNew Scripture passages (8) containing 49 verses 

• 



•• 



•• 

8 questions with verses to memorize as answers 

Prayer Time 

•• 



Sword Drills 

•• 

Learn to quickly find 112 Old and New Testament references 

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word picture 

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grid drawing 

colored pencil 

Third Edition 

Basic drawing and painting techniques, 

color concepts, and perspective 

® 

watercolor 

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ART SERIES 

Fifth Grade 

Music 

One important foundation of a nation’s heritage is its music. Songs We Enjoy 5 contains 

songs that reflect the spirit and strength of the American people. These traditional, patriotic, 

holiday, and fun songs have been delighting students for generations. The sing-along 

CD makes song time easy for the teacher and even more enjoyable for the students. 



•• 

Follow a song leader, while singing with class or CD 

hhDefine and understand 17 unfamiliar words and phrases in lyrics 

hhImprove coordination skills with songs that require hand motions 

•• 

Benefit from fun activities that keep interest: 

• 

• Dynamic contrasts, singing in rounds 

hhTongue twisters 

•• 

Learn historical facts through patriotic, folk, and Americana music 


•• 

Patriotic, folk, Americana, fun, spirituals and hymns, holiday, songs at sea 

´+JC! ¨ 

Arts & Crafts 

Students use Art B to review fundamental principles of color with colored-pencil renderings 

and watercolor paintings. Fifth graders will learn new concepts such as light 

and dark values, one-point perspective (with step-by-step drawings), and symmetry. 

Students will enjoy using different types of media to create three-dimensional forms. 

Art B also encourages students to appreciate art by introducing them to accomplished 

artists and art techniques. 


• 

• Art Appreciation 

•• 

Introduction to influential artists 

such as Julius Schnorr von 

Carolsfeld, Currier and Ives, 

and Brian Jekel 

•• 

Art forms: woodcuts, calligraphy, 

origami, and lithographs 

•• 

Introduction to well-known prints 

and works 



•• 

Primary, secondary, intermediate, complementary, analogous, and 

neutral hues 

hhValue: light and dark; watercolor; contrasting (12) 

hhPerspective: horizon line, vanishing point (6) 

hhSymmetry (4) 


hhDrawing: sketching basic shapes (4) 

hhShading; enlarging and reducing (4) 

•• 

Animation 

•• 

Modeling (4): 

•• 

Paper shaping, paper cutting, paper folding 

hhFoil, imprinting, curling 

hhPainting: watercolor techniques (4) 

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Sixth Grade 


´/gg#k¨ 

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Of America II 

H 

6 6 

America 


Of 


Reading Program 


Sixth graders will enjoy reading exciting selections about animals of all kinds, patriots from 

America’s past, and Christians in foreign lands. This delightful collection of stories and poems 

features several well-known authors and introduces students to a variety of interesting characters. 

Students will read a biographical novel and a Christian fiction novel and use them when writing language 

book reports. Two speed and comprehension readers contain challenging and interesting selections. 

Sixth graders will develop a wider range of comprehension skills by answering comprehension questions 

based on stated facts, implications, and general reasoning. 


•• 


such as Louisa May Alcott, Benjamin Franklin, 

Nathaniel Hawthorne, Rudyard Kipling, 

Lucy Maud Montgomery, and Mark Twain 

•• 

Themes including brotherhood, friendship, 

generosity, honor, ingenuity, leadership, 

patience, prayer, justice, loyalty, citizenship, 

dedication, and responsibility 

Materials 

• 


•• 

Short stories (102), poems (67), plays (3) 

•• 


•• 

Christian fiction and biographical novels (1 each) 

•• 


•• 

Reading Comprehension 6 Skill Sheets (42) 

•• 

Adventures in Greatness exercises (31) 

Evaluation 

• 


•• 

Weekly vocabulary and 

comprehension quizzes (34) 

•• 

Speed and comprehension 

quizzes (73) for timed silent 

reading exercises and stories 




•• 

Accuracy, fluency, phrasing 

•• 


•• 

Improvement of flow 

•• 

Pace and comprehension while reading silently 

•• 


•• 

Vocabulary development through words and definitions in readers 

•• 

Ability to read poetry correctly 



•• 

Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and discussion 

questions for most stories and poems 

•• 



•• 

Determine main characters, theme, climax, and turning point 


Writing & Grammar 

Work-text 

The sixth grader should be constantly guided to see how grammar applies to his writing and speaking. 

God’s Gift of Language C gives a thorough, systematic presentation of grammar, composition, 

and mechanics in a clear and appealing manner. Both the student and the teacher will appreciate 

the explanations and demonstrations of the writing process. Students who use this program are 

not “afraid of composition.” Creative Writing, a companion text to God’s Gift of Language C, helps 

students to think and to convey their thoughts more clearly, critically, and creatively. 

´/hL!{¨ 

God’s Gift of Language C features a cumulative review section at the end of each unit and a Handbook 

of Rules and Definitions at the end of the text. 


•• 

Creative writing focus (23 lessons) 

• 

• The Student Writer’s Handbook includes: 

•• 

How to use a dictionary, thesaurus, encyclopedia; 

The Writing Process; a Writer’s 

Checklist; proofreader marks 

•• 

How to write book reports using the Writing 

Process and the Book Report Checklist; 

friendly letters and social notes 

•• 

How your library works 

Evaluation 

• 

• Quizzes: 

•• 

From quiz/test book (15) 

•• 

Graded grammar exercises in 

student book (10) 

•• 

Tests from quiz/test book (10) 

•• 

Book reports (7): 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Oral (1; counts as test grade) 

•• 

Library research report (counts as 2 test grades) 

•• 

Graded creative writing exercises (3) 


85 


Sixth Grade 


Grammar 

• 


•• 

Proper nouns: 

•• 

Particular persons, places, things; words referring to Deity or 

the Holy Scriptures 

•• 

Words formed from proper nouns: 

•• 

Proper adjectives 

hhAbbreviations of proper nouns 

• 

• 

•• 

Used alone in direct address 

• 

• 

• Titles of persons: 

• Used before a person’s name as part of the name 

• Titles of works: 

• First, last, and all important words in titles of books, magazines, 

newspapers, poems, stories, plays, and works of art 

•• 

First word in a sentence, including quoted sentences 

•• 

Pronoun I 

•• 

Punctuation: 

•• 

End marks 

•• 

Commas: 

•• 

Before a coordinating conjunction joining two simple sentences 

•• 

To indicate where word(s) have been omitted 

hhTo avoid a possible misreading 

•• 

To indicate nonessential elements in a sentence: nouns of direct 

address; well, yes, no, why 

hhTo indicate parenthetical words or expressions 

•• 

In dates and addresses 

•• 

In letter salutations and closings 

•• 

Apostrophes: 

•• 

To show possession 

•• 

To show omissions from a word 

hhTo show omissions from an expression 

•• 

With s to form: 

•• 

The plural of letters 

hhThe plural of numbers, signs, and words used as words 

•• 


•• 

In a direct quotation 

•• 

To enclose titles of short stories, short poems, songs, chapters, 

articles, and other parts of books or magazines 

•• 

Semicolons: 

•• 

To separate simple sentences not joined by a conjunction 

hhWith a conjunction to join two simple sentences if those 

sentences already contain commas 

•• 

Colons: 

hhBefore a list of items 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• Between chapter and verse of a Bible reference 

• Between hour and minute when writing the time 

• After the salutation of a business letter 

• Underlining: titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works 

of art, ships, trains, and airplanes 

•• 

Hyphens: 

•• 

To divide a word at the end of the line 

hhIn compound numbers 

hhIn fractions used as adjectives 


•• 

The sentence: 

•• 

Identify sentences and fragments 

•• 

Correct sentence fragments and run-on sentences 

•• 

Recognize four types of sentences: declarative, imperative, 


•• 

Locate simple and complete subjects and predicates 

•• 

Identify compound subjects and verbs; compound sentences 

•• 

Locate out-of-the-ordinary subjects and verbs 

•• 


•• 

Recognize and diagram all eight parts of speech 

•• 

Verbs: 

•• 

Distinguish action, state of being, helping, and linking verbs 

•• 

Recognize verb phrases, principal parts of verbs, and irregular 

verbs 

•• 

Use spelling rules for verb endings 

•• 

Use action verbs with picturing power 

•• 

Find exact verbs 

•• 

Use troublesome verbs correctly 

•• 

Nouns: 

•• 

Recognize common, proper, compound 

•• 

Use: 

•• 

As subjects, predicate nominatives, direct objects, indirect 

objects, objects of the preposition 

•• 

In direct address 

hhMake subject agree with verb 

•• 

Pronouns: 

•• 

Recognize personal pronouns: nominative, objective, possessive 

•• 

Choose correct pronoun case 

•• 

Recognize: 

•• 

Compound, demonstrative, and interrogative pronouns 

hhIndefinite pronouns 

hhMake pronoun agree with the verb 

•• 

Adjectives: 

•• 

Know distinguishing characteristics of adjectives 

hhCorrectly use compound proper adjectives 

•• 

Recognize: 

•• 

Predicate adjectives, verbs used as adjectives 

•• 

Prepositional phrases used as adjectives 

•• 

Use and compare adjectives correctly 

hhCorrectly use less, least; fewer, fewest; them, those 

hhPlace adjectives correctly in sentence 

hhLearn how to use adjective-forming suffixes 

•• 

Adverbs: 

•• 

Distinguish adjectives from adverbs 

•• 

Identify prepositional phrases used as adverbs 

•• 

Correctly use: 

•• 

Good, well 

•• 

Adverbs in comparisons 

•• 

Avoid double negatives and double comparisons 

•• 

Prepositions: 

•• 

Recognize prepositional phrases 

•• 

Distinguish prepositions from adverbs 

•• 

Avoid: 

•• 

Preposition errors 

hhUnnecessary prepositions 

•• 

Conjunctions: 

hhRecognize coordinating and correlative conjunctions 

•• 

Interjections 

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Composition 

Note: Many creative writing exercises are included in 

Creative Writing, a companion text to Language C. 

•• 

Creative writing exercises: 

•• 

Write: 

•• 

Friendly letter and social notes 

•• 

Dialogue 

•• 

Paragraphs: 

•• 

Develop: 

•• 

A good topic sentence 

hhParagraphs with details, examples, reasons, or brief story 

•• 

Use paragraph unity 

hhDevelop sentence order: chronological order, order of importance 

hhWrite a compare-and-contrast paragraph 

hhWrite a narrative paragraph 

•• 

Write about an emotion and a memory 

•• 

Apply the Writing Process to writing paragraphs 

•• 

Use transitional words and phrases 

hhCombine paragraphs to make a composition 


•• 

Write a library research report using the Writing Process: 

•• 

Make bibliography cards and preliminary outline 

•• 

Take notes 

•• 

Make a final outline 

•• 

Write the rough, second, and final drafts 

•• 

Write the final bibliography 

hhWrite poetry: 

hhUsing rhymes, assonance, consonance 

hhDefinition and picture poems 

hhHaiku and cinquain poetry 

Language Arts: Penmanship & Creative Writing 

´/iI"x¨ 

Creative Writing 

with Penmanship Skills 

Creative Writing is a companion text to God’s Gift of Language C. This work-text 

develops students’ abilities to observe, proofread, think clearly, and use descriptive 

words. Students learn what characterizes good writing and how they can write more 

creatively as they study observation and creativity, poetry, and journal writing. The 

challenging Mind Stretchers provide lively openers for each creative writing class as 

students create anagrams, acrostics, and rebuses, and work with synonyms, connotation, 

and alliteration. Creative Writing features many examples for students to follow 

as they complete these exercises. Sixth graders will also review previously learned 

penmanship skills and concepts by completing practice exercises. 



•• 

Journal compilation including 

creative writing assignments (24) 

•• 

Additional exercises to build 

creative writing skills (40) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Penmanship tests (17) 

•• 

Progress report boxes throughout 

penmanship section (12) 

Penmanship Skills Development 

• 

• Maintain good writing position: 

•• 


•• 

Holding pen correctly 

•• 


•• 

Write in ink with a relaxed grip and flowing movement 

•• 


•• 

Maintain correct letter spacing, shape, alignment, and proportion; 

uniform slant, retracing, and smooth connecting strokes 

hhIdentify and practice difficult connections (13) 

•• 

Use correct warm-up procedure using slants, ovals, and basic 

letter strokes 

•• 

Correctly write all upper- and lowercase letters 

•• 

Use key strokes: humps, slants, loops, tails 

•• 

Be able to write sentences as dictated (10) 

Creative Writing Skills Development 

hhUnderstand the value of crea tivity in writing 

hhWrite alliterated sentences and acrostics (38) 

hhMake observations while paying attention to details 

hhProofread with correction symbols while rewriting and perfecting 

work 

hhWrite topical journal entries 

hhDescriptions, portraits, dialogue (7) 

hhWith “color words” (1) 

hhPoems, rhymes, couplets, picture poetry (5) 

hhHaiku and cinquain poetry (5) 

hhAbout memories (3) 

hhA rebus (1) 

hhAbout an emotion (1) 

hhUsing comparisons, improvisations (1) 

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Sixth Grade 


´/h¡!F¨ 

Spelling, Vocabulary, & Poetry 6 teaches students the spelling and meaning of words through the study 

of prefixes, roots, and suffixes. They will be able to spell and recognize thousands of words after 

learning these common roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Sixth graders will appreciate the eight review lists 

and exercises that provide opportunity for spelling mastery. Three Spelling Challenge lists allow them 

to learn commonly misspelled words that pertain to a specific spelling rule. Students will also practice 

their proofreading skills while learning about the origin and development of the English language from 

a Christian perspective. 

Spelling, Vocabulary, & Poetry 6 contains eight delightful poems written by well-known poets; this recitation 

and memorization of poetry will further develop each student’s appreciation for good poetry. 


• 


•• 

Spelling lists (34) including 8 review lists: 

•• 


•• 

Definition included with each spelling 

word 

•• 

Vocabulary words and definitions (345) 

•• 

Frequently misspelled words (150) 

•• 

Organized by prefixes (49), roots (50), 

suffixes (33) 

•• 

Practice exercises included with each 

list (77) 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Thought-provoking quotation with 

each list 

•• 

Quick-reference lists: 

•• 

All prefixes, root words, and suffixes 

•• 

Word meaning and /or sample derivation 

•• 

Teacher resources: practical spelling tips 

and suggestions; sentence bank 


•• 

Poetry: 

•• 

Poem introductions include: 

•• 

Discussion ideas 

•• 

Historical content 

•• 

Information about the author 

•• 

CD included to help with 


•• 

Vocabulary lists accompany each 

poem 

Evaluation 

•• 



hhMaster spelling and vocabulary lists: 

hhPrefixes, root words, and suffixes 


hhHomonyms, synonyms, and antonyms 

hhFrequently misspelled words 

•• 

Use vocabulary words in proper context 

•• 


• 

• 

• 

• Correctly write sentences dictated by teacher using vocabulary words 

• Create good sentences using spelling and vocabulary words 



hhLearn about the history and literal meaning of words 

hhLearn to pronounce thousands of words correctly 

hhBecome familiar with a pronunciation key 

hhPractice proofreading skills while also learning about the origin and 

development of the English language from a Christian perspective 

hh 

Develop spelling skills using Greek and Latin roots, prefixes, and suffixes 

hhBe able to identify commonly misspelled words 

hhBe able to comprehend a word within proper context 

• 

• Proofread for spelling errors: recognize misspelled words in lists or 

sets of words 

hhApply knowledge of prefixes, roots, suffixes to: 

hhForm words 

hhAnswer comprehension questions 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with a 

vowel 

•• 

Change y to i when adding suffixes 

•• 


•• 

A prefix is added to the beginning of a word to change the meaning 

•• 

A suffix is added to the end of a word to change the function of 

original word, not the meaning 

•• 

Learn: 

hhExceptions to spelling rules 

•• 

Words that follow no spelling pattern 

•• 

How to choose correct ending for words with sound-alike suffixes 

hhPrinciple of assimilation to expand creativity 


hhMemorize 6 lyrical poems and 2 dramatic poems 

•• 


•• 

Perform in front of audience 

•• 


•• 

Develop appropriate expression and volume 

•• 

Improve comprehension of content and emotion 

•• 


•• 

Develop mental visualization of the poem 

•• 

Discuss meaning and purpose of poems 

• 

• Use proper observation of punctuation 

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prt 

2,000 .12 1 

240 

Work-text 

F 9 5C 32 

F 9 

5 20 

1 32 

F 36 32 

F 68º 

843 

1,000 .843 

The Arithmetic 6 work-text includes an abundance of practice problems and review 

exercises to help each student master important arithmetic skills and concepts. Almost 

daily story problems and frequent problem-solving strategies are featured, providing 

practical application for real-life situations. Arithmetic 6 takes students from the known 

to the unknown as they study fractions, decimals, proportions, percents, prime factoring, 

algebraic equations, measurement, basic geometry, and beginning banking. 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

4 weekly skills development 


´/id!^¨ 

46 7.3 335.8 


Numbers 

•• 

Place value: 

•• 

Whole numbers to the 100 billions’ place 

hhDecimals to the millionths’ place 

•• 

Writing numbers to the 100 billions’ place 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Basic and complex rules for forming Roman numerals 

hhUse of dash to increase value one thousand times 

•• 

Terms: 

•• 

Notation, numeration 

hhPrime number, composite number 

•• 

Comparing 

hhRounding to nearest billion 

hhPrime numbers: Eratosthenes sieve 

hhComposite numbers 

•• 

Estimating: divisor, quotient 

•• 

Rounding: whole numbers, money, decimals, timed mastery 

hhIrrational numbers 

Addition 

• 

• Addition families 1–18: mixed order 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 


•• 


hhWith added complexity 

•• 

Money 



•• 

Checking by addition and casting out 9s 

•• 


•• 

Averaging 

•• 


•• 

Measures 

•• 

Decimals with annexing zeros 

hhCompound measures 

Subtraction 

• 

• Subtraction families 1–18: mixed order 

•• 

Timed mastery 



•• 



• 

• 

• Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference 

• Money 

89 

•• 


•• 

Fractions with common and uncommon denominator 

•• 

Measures 

•• 

Decimals with annexing zeros 



• 

• Multiplication facts: 0–12 tables 

•• 



•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Terms: factors, product, partial products 

hhMental arithmetic: problems combining multiplication, division, 

addition, and subtraction with up to 16 numbers 

•• 

Multiplying with up to a 3-digit multiplier (factor) 

•• 

Checking by reversing factors and casting out 9s 

•• 

Money 

hh 

Recognize symbol: • (raised dot) 

•• 

Factors: 

•• 

Factoring 

• 

• Finding common and greatest common factor 

hhPrime factors: 

hhDivision by primes 

hhFactoring tree 

hhLeast common multiple 


•• 

Fractions: 

•• 


• 

•• 

Decimals: 

• 

• 

• Multiplied by fractions, mixed or whole numbers 

• Multiplied by decimals or whole numbers 

• Multiplied by powers of ten 

Division 

• 

• Division facts: 1–12 tables 

•• 



•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 


•• 



addition, and subtraction with up to 16 numbers 

•• 

Divisors: 

hhUp to 4 digits 


Sixth Grade 


Division cont. 

•• 

Dividends: 

hhUp to 7 digits 

•• 

Remainders written as fractions 

•• 

Checking by multiplication or casting out 9s 

•• 

Money 

•• 

Averaging 

•• 


•• 

Divisibility rules for dividing by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 

•• 

Fractions: 

• 

or mixed number 

•• 

Dividing a fraction or mixed number by a whole number 

•• 

Decimals: 

•• 

Dividing a decimal by a whole number 

•• 

Eliminating decimal point in divisor 

• 

• Dividing a whole number, mixed number, or fraction by a fraction 

• Annexing zeros to avoid remainders 

hhIncluding zeros immediately to the right of decimal point in 

quotient 

•• 

Dividing by powers of ten 

Fractions 

• 

• Parts of a whole or group 

•• 


hhBroader, deeper understanding of concepts 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 


•• 

Types: 

•• 

Proper, mixed, improper 

•• 

Change to mixed number or whole number 

•• 

Change mixed number to an improper fraction 

•• 

Simplifying: reducing and making proper 

•• 

Addition with common and uncommon denominators 

•• 

Subtraction: 

•• 

With common and uncommon denominators 

•• 

With borrowing 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Multiplying a fraction with a whole or mixed number 

•• 

Multiplying two mixed numbers 

•• 


•• 

Division: 

•• 

Of a whole number, mixed number, or fraction by a fraction or 

mixed number 

•• 

Of a fraction or a mixed number by a whole number 

•• 

Changing fractions to decimals; decimals to fractions 

•• 

Finding fractional part of whole 

Decimals 

• 

• Money 

•• 

Reading and writing: writing a fraction or decimal as a fraction 

•• 

Place value: 

•• 

To the thousandths’ place 

hhTo the millionths’ place 

•• 

Addition and subtraction: annexing zeros 

90 

•• 


•• 

By a whole number 

•• 

By another decimal 

•• 

When zeros are annexed 

•• 

Division: 

•• 

By a whole number 

•• 

Eliminating decimal point in divisor 

•• 

Annexing zeros to avoid remain ders 

•• 

Comparing and repeating decimals 

•• 

Rounding 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Changing fractions to decimals and decimals to fractions 

hhTerminating decimals 

hhRepeating decimals 

hhConverting repeating decimals to fractions 


•• 

Word problems: steps of problem-solving process 

•• 

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division 

•• 

Fractions, money, measures 

•• 

Time, averages, decimals 

•• 

Geometry, graphs 

hhEquations, ratio, percent, proportion 

•• 

One, two, three, and four steps 

•• 


•• 

Eliminating unnecessary information 

hhMaking a table 

hhConversion factors 

hhUsing logic charts 

hhFinding a pattern 

hhTesting a hunch 

hhMaking a sensible guess 

hhDrawing a geometric model 

hhUsing proportions 

•• 

Applications: 

hhBroader, deeper understanding of concepts: 

hhMeasures, Roman numerals, money, graphs, scale drawings, geometry 

hhCharts, time, banking, ratio, proportion, reading meters (electric 

and gas) 

hhDiscount, interest, sales tax, profit, commission 

hhInstallment buying, planning budgets, amount of profit 

Time 

• 



•• 

Second, minute, hour 

•• 

Day, week, month, year, leap year 

•• 

Decade, score, century, millennium 

hhTime zones: 

hhPrime meridian 

hhInternational Date Line 

hhCoordinated Universal Time 

hhDaylight Savings Time 

hhLatitude 

hhDegrees 

Money 

•• 

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with dollar sign ($) 

and decimal point (.) 


Sixth Grade 


Measures 

•• 

Temperature: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Celsius and Fahrenheit: freezing and boiling points of water; 

normal body temperature 

•• 

Conversions: Celsius to Fahrenheit; Fahrenheit to Celsius 

•• 

Length: 

•• 


•• 

Metric: millimeter, centimeter, deci meter, meter, decameter, 


•• 

Weight: 

•• 


•• 

Metric: milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram, hectogram, 

kilogram 

•• 

Capacity: 

•• 

English: fluid ounces, cup, pint, quart, gallon, peck, bushels, 

teaspoon, tablespoon 

•• 


•• 

Ordering measures: least to greatest 

•• 

Converting measures within the same system 

•• 

Adding and subtracting unlike measures within the same system 

•• 

Square measure: 

•• 

English: square inches, square feet, square yards, square acres, 

square miles 

hhMetric: cm 2 , m 2 , km 2 ; hectares 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Metric prefixes 

hhCompound measures: adding, subtracting, multiplying 


• 

• Graphs: 

•• 

Pictographs; bar, line graphs 

hhCircle, rectangle graphs 

hhStatistics: range, mean, median, ranked 

•• 

Scale drawing 

hhFinding distance on maps 

•• 

Probability ratio 

Geometry 

• 

• Plane figures: 

•• 

Simple closed figure, polygon 

•• 

Quadrilateral: parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus, trapezoid 

•• 

Pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon 

•• 

Triangle: right, isosceles, equilateral 

•• 

Angles: 

•• 

Right, acute, obtuse, straight 

hhIn a circle 

•• 

Lines: line segment, ray, intersecting lines; parallel and perpendicular 

lines 

•• 

Terms: 

•• 

Point, plane, vertex, congruent, similar, diagonal 

hhBase, radius, diameter, arc, degree, semicircle 

•• 

Perimeter of a polygon 

•• 

Formulas for: 

•• 

Rectangle, square 

hhParallelogram, triangle, irregular shapes 

•• 

Converting measures to find perimeter 

•• 

Area: 

•• 

Formulas for: 

•• 

Rectangle, square 

hhParallelogram, triangle, circle, complex shapes 

hhCircumference: formula 

hhUsing a compass and protractor 

hhConstructions: circles, angles 

hhBisecting angles 

hhSliding, rotating, and flipping shapes 

•• 

Recognize models and symbols: 

••. (point); — line segment; ↔ line; → ray; ∠ angle 

h h|| parallel lines; triangle; ≅ congruent; ∩ arc; π pi 

Percent, Ratio, Proportion 

•• 

Recognize symbol: % (percent) 

hhReading and writing: 

hhPercent as a fraction, decimal, ratio 

hhFraction as a percent 

hhDecimal as a percent 

hhSubtracting from 100% 


•• 

Timed mastery 

hhFinding percentage: 

hhOf a whole number 

hhWhen the percent ends in a fraction; percent is over 100% 

hhBy comparison when the percent is given as more or less than 

hhLess than 1% 

hhEstimating answers 

hhFinding: 

hhPercent by comparison 

hhPercent of increase or decrease 

•• 

The rate of discount 

hhPercent for circle graphs 

•• 

Discounts 

hhAmount of profit 

•• 

Simple interest 

hhThe base 

hhRatio: 

hhReading and writing 

hhTerms: antecedent, consequent 

hhEquivalent, word problems 

hhProportion: 

hhReading and writing 

hhTerms: means, extremes, cross products, word problems 

Pre-Algebra 

• 


• Solving equations 

•• 

Negative numbers 

•• 

Squares and square roots: 

hhPerfect squares 

•• 

Exponents, bases, radical signs ( ) 

•• 

Order of operations: 

hhBroader, deeper understanding of concepts 

•• 

Powers of ten 

hhAlgebraic multiplication 

hhTwo-step equations 

91

15753803 

6 6 

Sixth Grade 


´/kF#w¨ 

New World History and Geography offers a Christian perspective on the history and geography of 

North and South America. It includes a chapter on Canada and a chapter on the recent events in 

the United States and around the world. Important geographical facts and historical documents that 

should be given special attention throughout the year are highlighted and placed for easy reference. 

By reading special-feature articles found throughout the text, students will learn about the lives and 

contributions of great missionaries and other well-known Christian leaders. 


• 

• Maps and important facts about each continent 

•• 


•• 

Chapter checkups (18) 

•• 

Time line of important dates at beginning of 

each U.S. history chapter (9) 

•• 

Special feature boxes (25): 

•• 

Historical concepts, events, and special interests 

•• 

People of history and missionary heroes that 

influenced Western Hemisphere countries 

highlighted throughout text 

•• 

Map skills and activities worksheets (44): 

•• 

Chapter content review (7) 

•• 

Review of physical, political, and geograph i cal 

features of Western Hemisphere (34) 

•• 

Map skills (4) 

•• 

Current event reports (12) 

•• 

Canadian Province Notebook: 

optional research project of a selected Canadian 

province or territory 

•• 

Nation map project: optional 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Tests (11) 

•• 


•• 

Atlas and geography facts 

memorized and evaluated on 

quizzes and tests 


History Study 

•• 

The first Americans and the land they found: 

hhGreatest migration in history 

•• 

Land the Americans settled: 

• 

• Geography of North America 

hhGeography of Central and South America 

•• 

How American Indians lived: education, food, clothing, shelter, 

recreation, religion 

•• 

North America: cold lands to the north: 

hhTrip to the North Pole 

hhTundra (“Land of the Midnight Sun”): land, plants, animals 

hhPeople of the tundra (Eskimos): traditional life, modern life 

hhNorthern woodlands: tall trees, animals 

hhIndians of the Far North: food, clothing, homes, religion, children, 

modern life 

•• 

Canada: the second largest country: 

hhVast lands to the north: sparsely settled 

hhHighlights of Canadian history 

hhMaritime provinces 

hhQuebec and Ontario 

hhPrairie provinces 

hhBritish Columbia and Territories 

hhPeople, resources, and industry 

hhCanadian government: constitutional monarchy, Prime Minister, 

Parliament, Royal Canadian Mounted Police 

•• 

The Eastern United States: 

•• 

Eastern coast and mountains 

hhAtlantic Ocean facts, uses, fish 

hhWoodland animals 

• 

• Indians of the eastern woodlands: 

hhHopewell Indians, Iroquois League of Five Nations, Southern 

Indians 

•• 

Indians the Pilgrims knew 

•• 

Missionaries to the American Indians: 

•• 

John Eliot 

hhJohn Campanius 

•• 

Roger Williams, David Brainerd 

•• 

Famous woodland Indians: 

•• 

Sequoya 

hhJoseph Brant and Tecumseh 

•• 

The North American plains: 

hhWorld’s largest prairie 

hhAnimals of the prairie 

hhSpecial geographical features of the land 

hhPlains Indians 

•• 

The American West: 

•• 

Rocky Mountains: 

hhCordilleras Chain, the Great Divide, mountain flora and fauna 

hhIntermountain Region: plateaus and deserts 

hhDesert flora and fauna: hardy plants, variety of animals 

•• 

Pacific Ocean: 

hhCoastal Regions 

hhIndians of the West 

•• 

The colonial heritage: 

•• 

English colonize America: 

•• 

Spain and France 

•• 

England: John Cabot 

•• 

Roanoke 

•• 

Jamestown: 

•• 

London Company 

•• 

Captain John Smith 

hhLord De La Warr 

hhFree enterprise system 

92 


Sixth Grade 



•• 

Pilgrims: lovers of religious freedom: 

•• 

Settling in Plymouth 

•• 

Friends with the Indians 

•• 

First Thanksgiving 

hhThanksgiving of 1623 

•• 

New England Colonies: 

•• 

Massachusetts and the Puritans: 

hhMassachusetts Bay Company and Charles I 

•• 

Massachusetts Bay Colony and Boston 

hhOle’ Deluder Satan Act 

•• 

Roger Williams and Rhode Island 

•• 

New Hampshire: fish and lumber 

•• 

Connecticut: “Place of the Long River” 

•• 

New England: churches 

•• 

Middle Colonies: 

•• 

New York: 

•• 

Settled by the Dutch 

hhPatroon system 

•• 

Delaware: New Sweden 

•• 

Pennsylvania: 

•• 

Quaker State 

hhSociety of Friends 

hhMoravians and Count von Zinzendorf 

•• 

New Jersey: haven of religious freedom 

•• 

Southern Colonies: 

•• 

Virginia: oldest colony 

•• 

Maryland: freedom for Catholics 

•• 

Carolinas: the Southern Plantation 

•• 

Georgia: last of the thirteen 

•• 

The Great Awakening: 

•• 

Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield 

hhPhillis Wheatley 

•• 

George Washington and the New World’s first republic: 

•• 

Young hero of the French and Indian War 

•• 

French settle New France 

•• 

French and Indian War: 

•• 

Fort le Boeuf and George Washington 

•• 

General Braddock 

hhFort Duquesne 

•• 

Defeat at Quebec 

•• 

Threats to American Freedoms: 

•• 

King George III and the Stamp Act 

•• 

The Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party 

hhThe Quebec Act 

•• 

Colonists prepare to fight 

•• 

Fight for Independence 

•• 

Independence for America 

•• 

Building a new nation: 

hhCivil government 

hhThree branches of government 

hhRights and responsibilities of Americans 

•• 

Expansion and evangelism: 

•• 

Pioneers push farther west: 

•• 

Daniel Boone and the Wilderness Road: 

hhCumberland Gap 

•• 

Settling the Northwest Territory 

hhThe Erie Canal 

•• 

Revival and missions: 

•• 

Second Great Awakening: 

hhRichard Allen 

• 

• 

• 

• Beginnings of American missions 

• Christianity among black Americans: 

• Lott Carey, Colin Teague, Lemuel Haynes 

hhJohn Jasper, Catherine Ferguson, John Chavis 

•• 

From the Gulf of Mexico to the Rocky Mountains: 

•• 

Purchasing and exploring Louisiana 

•• 

War of 1812: 

hhTreaty of Ghent 

• 

• 

• 


• United States gains Florida and the Southwest 

• From sea to sea: 

• Gold Rush: 

hhJohn Marshall 

•• 

Oregon Territory 

•• 

New friends in Japan: 

hhCommodore Matthew Perry, Samuel Wells Williams, and Jonathan 

Goble 

•• 

Division and reunion: 

•• 

Slavery, compromise 

hhTariffs 

•• 

States’ rights 

hhAbolitionists: Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sojourner Truth 

hhUnderground railroad and Harriet Tubman 

•• 

Civil War begins: 

•• 

Fort Sumter, Emancipation Proclamation, Ulysses S. Grant, 

Robert E. Lee 

hhStonewall Jackson 

•• 

Important Civil War battles 

•• 

Gettysburg Address 

•• 

Other events of Civil War times: 

hhNational motto, new songs, American Red Cross 

•• 

Gospel spreads, Pony Express, transcontinental railroad 

•• 

Rebuilding the South: Booker T. Washington, George Washington 

Carver 

•• 

The nation grows and prospers: 

•• 

Western frontier: Indians of the Great Plains, Homestead Act, 

Oklahoma Land Rush 

hhFamous westerners: Buffalo Bill, Annie Oakley 

hhJames Garfield 

•• 

Immigration, revival, industry 

•• 

Inventions: new ways to do things 

hhNorbert Rillieux 

hhGranville T. Woods 

•• 

New frontiers: Alaska, Hawaii 

•• 

Spanish-American War: Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico 

93 


Sixth Grade 



•• 

Into the twentieth century: 

hhOur country in 1900 

hhMajor world power 

hhEducation, religion 

hhMasters of invention and technology 

hhHall of Fame for Great Americans 

hhPresident Theodore Roosevelt: 

hhChildhood, public servant, Great White Fleet 

• 

• 26th President, Rough Riders, Panama Canal 

hhDiscovery of the North Pole 

hhSinking of the Titanic 

•• 

World War I 

•• 

Between the World Wars: 

•• 

Great Depression and plans for peace that failed 

hhChallenges to Christianity 

•• 

Fighting for freedom: 

•• 

World between the wars: 

•• 

Russia: Communism 

•• 

Italy: Fascism 

•• 

Germany: National Socialism 

hhJapan: Militarism 

hhWorld War II: many wars in one 

hhU.S. enters World War II: 

hhJapanese-American patriots 

hhBenjamin O. Davis, Jr. 

hhGeneral Douglas MacArthur 

• 

• Continuing world problems: United Nations, spread of Communism, 

Berlin divided, Israel becomes a nation, Korean War 

•• 

Time for freedom and responsibility: 

•• 

Years of prosperity and opportunity: 

•• 

Post-war boom 

•• 

Advances in technology 

•• 

Freedom and opportunity for all Americans: 

hhJackie Robinson and Mel Martinez 

•• 

Preserving freedom in an age of big government: 

•• 

Proper role of government 

•• 

President Eisenhower 

•• 

President Kennedy: 

hhNew frontier 

•• 

President Johnson: 

hhGreat Society 

•• 

Return to peace through strength: Ronald Reagan, decline of the 

“Evil Empire” 

•• 

Advances for freedom: Operation Desert Storm, collapse of the 

Soviet Union 

•• 

Twentieth century comes to a close: 

hhNationwide moral decline: 

hhDeclining academics and school violence 

hhWhitewater investigation 

•• 

Into the new millennium: 

•• 

Terrorism strikes again 9/11, “War on Terror” 

•• 

War in Afghanistan 

•• 

Natural disasters 

hhAxis of evil, War in Iraq 

hhIllegal immigration, election 2008 

94 

hhMexico and Central America: 

hhMiddle America 

hhMexico (land of the Aztecs): geography, many climates, natural 

resources, people, cities, recreation, government 

hhCentral America (land in between): 

hhMayans: builders of civilization 

hhClimate, natural resources, wildlife 

hhCountries of Central America 

hhWest Indies—Islands of the Caribbean: 

hhLand of discovery: rich heritage, from colonial days to modern days 

hhExploring the West Indies: islands of mountains and coral, colorful 

creatures on land and in the sea, climate, industry 

hhCuba: country under Communist dictatorship, desire and need for 

capitalism 

hhSouth America: 

hhExploring South America: tropical climate and opposite seasons, 

many nations and varied geography, animal life, abundant national 

resources 

hhThe Amazon and its peoples 

hhHighlights of South American history: Incas, rule by Spain and Portugal, 

struggle for independence, South America’s greatest need 

hhNations of South America: 

hhPeru: land of Incas 

hhEcuador 

hhBolivia: country with two capitals 

hhColombia, Venezuela, and the Three Guianas 

hhBrazil (giant of the south): land of the Amazon, historical events, 

prosperous economy, people, cities 

hhArgentina: land of pampas, granary of the south 

hhChile: where land ends 

hhParaguay: from prosperity to poverty 

hhUruguay: industrious little country 


• 

• Atlas facts memorized: 

•• 

9 maps, both physical and political, cover hemispheres, continents, 

oceans 

•• 

Western Hemisphere: location of straits, bays, gulfs, rivers, lakes, 

waterfalls, islands, peninsulas and isthmuses, mountain ranges, 

mountain peaks, deserts, and highlands 

hhMap mastery countries and cities for the Western Hemisphere: 

hhCanada: 13 provinces and territories, 8 cities 

hhMiddle America: 20 countries and dependencies, 12 cities 

hhSouth America: 13 countries, 9 cities 

• 

• Geography facts memorized: 

•• 

Geography terms over land and sea forms (68) 

•• 

Climate zones 

•• 

Using latitude and longitude 

Memory Work 

• 


• 6 documents: 

•• 

The American’s Creed 

•• 

Portion of The Declaration of Independence 

•• 

Preamble to the Constitution 

•• 

First Amendment to the Constitution 

•• 

The Rights of Americans 

•• 

Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address 

•• 

States and capitals 

•• 

44 U.S. Presidents

15740602 

6 6 


´/j&"x¨ 

Sixth Grade 

Science 

Observing God’s World is an excellent bridge between elementary and junior high or 

middle school science. This memorable text presents the universe as the direct creation 

of God and refutes the man-made idea of evolution. 

Observing God’s World features photos, art, and charts that clearly illustrate the science 

concepts being taught. Students will apply what they have learned by doing projects 

and experiments both at home and at school. Some of the topics students will study 

include invertebrates, plants, forces of the earth, the universe, space travel, and matter 

and chemistry. 



•• 

Worksheets (24) including: 

labeling diagrams, identification, 

chapter content review 

•• 

Suggested: 

•• 


•• 

DVDs (2) 

•• 

Adopt-a-Tree poster 

•• 

Astronomy report 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Tests (8) 

•• 


Plants 

•• 

Leaves: 

hhPhotosynthesis in detail, leaf anatomy, tendrils, spines, bulbs, 

insectivorous plants 

•• 

Roots and stems: 

hhShoot system, taproot, root cap, root hairs 

hhEpiphytes, cellulose, cell wall 

hhStolon or “runner,” rhizomes, thorns 

•• 

Flower, fruit, and seed: 

•• 

Flower structure: 

hhBud, bracts, ovary, ovules, stigma 

hhProcess of fertilization 

•• 

Fruits: 

hhDevelopment and scientific definition 

•• 

Conditions for seed growth 

•• 

Seed structure: 

hhCotyledons 

hhHybrid 

•• 

Plant families you should know: 

•• 

Composite family 

hhPea, rose, lily, grass families: 

hhCereal grass, turf grass, woody grass 

•• 

Trees: 

hhPerennials, annuals, biennials 

•• 

Notable trees: 

hhCalifornia redwood 

hhBanyan, candlewood, and baobab trees 

•• 

Bristlecone pine 

hhCambium, tree bark 

•• 

Annual growth rings 

•• 

Broadleaf trees: 

hhHardwoods 

•• 

Deciduous 

•• 

Selected broadleaf trees: 

•• 

Maples, elms oaks: 

hhSpecific examples, Dutch elm disease 

hhBirches, willows: specific examples 

•• 

Conifers: 

hhTypes of cones, conifer pollination 

hhCharacteristics contrasted with broadleaf trees 

•• 

Evergreens 

95 

•• 

Selected conifers: 

•• 

Pines, hemlocks, firs, spruces: 

hhSpecific examples 

hhDouglas firs 

hhLarches: tamarack 

hhRedwoods: giant sequoia, General Sherman tree, bald cypress, 

knees 

hhCypresses: cedars, junipers, western red cedar, cedar of Lebanon 

•• 

Palms: 

hhFronds 

•• 

Coconuts 

•• 

Plant surprises: 

•• 

Ferns: 

•• 

Spores 

hhFern anatomy: spore cases, rhizoids, fronds 

hhTree fern 

•• 

Mosses: 

hhMoss anatomy 

hhPeat moss 

•• 

Algae: 

hhDiatoms, diatomite, dinoflagellates, flagella, filamentous algae 

•• 

Seaweeds: blades, air sacs, holdfasts 

•• 

Kelp 

hhAlgin 

•• 

Carrageenan 

•• 

Fungi: 

hhSaprophytes 

•• 

Parasites 

hhMycelium, hyphae 

•• 

Molds and mildews: 

hhStructure and characteristics 

•• 

Penicillin 

•• 

Mushroom: 

hhStructure: fruiting body 

•• 

Yeast 

hhSlime molds, lichens 


hhRecognizing leaf shapes 

hhColoring carnations 

hhDemonstrating tropism in plants 

hhDissecting a flower 

hhMaking bark rubbings 

hhWorking with yeasts 

hhHunting mushrooms 

•• 

Producing bread mold spores 

Science cont. p. 96

Sixth Grade 

Science cont. 

Invertebrates 

•• 

Classification: 

hhKingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, scientific 

name 

•• 

Vertebrate, invertebrate 

•• 

Insects: 

hhGeneral characteristics of anthropods 

•• 

Insect anatomy: 

hhTracheae, air sacs 

•• 

Metamorphosis: 

•• 

Complete 

hhIncomplete 

hhClassification 

hhFamiliar orders of insects: Orthoptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, 

Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera 

•• 

Spiders: 

hhArachnids, book lung, details of silk production and use 

•• 

Selection of spiders: 

hhTrap-weaving, ambushing, and hunting spiders 

•• 

Swimming spiders: 

hhFishing spider 

•• 

Water spider 

hhTarantulas, Goliath birdeater 

hhOther arachnids: harvestman, scorpions, ticks, mites 

•• 

Crustaceans: 

•• 

Regeneration, plankton 

•• 

Crabs, lobsters, shrimp: 

hhAnatomy, specific examples 

•• 

Barnacles 

hhKrill, wood lice 

hhCentipedes and millipedes 

•• 

Worms: 

•• 

Earthworms: 

hhCastings 

hhParasitic worms: leeches, tapeworms, roundworms 

•• 

Mollusks: 

hhMantle 

•• 

Snails and slugs: 

hhGastropods 

•• 

Univalves 

•• 

Cowrie, conch 

hhNudibranch 

•• 

Bivalves 

•• 

Cephalopods: 

•• 

Jet propulsion; octopus, squid 

hhCuttlefish, nautilus 

•• 

Strange sea specimens: 

•• 

Sea stars: rays, tube feet 

•• 

Sea urchins: 

hhSand dollar 

hhSea lily, feather star, sea cucumber 

hhSponge 

•• 

Sea anemone 

hhCoral polyp 

hhHydra 

96 

•• 

Jellyfish: 

•• 

Stinging cells 

hhLife cycle: larva, polyp, medusa 

•• 

Portuguese man-of-war 

•• 

Protozoans: 

hhGod’s design for variety in the world of invertebrates 

hhCell parts: cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, nucleus, 

chromosomes 

hhAmoeba: pseudopods, food vacuole 

hhParamecium: cilia 

hhRelationship between protozoans and humans; discovery of 

protozoans 

hhScience and great Christians: Jonathan Edwards 


hhObserving spiders and their ways 

hhSnorkeling for sea invertebrates 

•• 

Making exhibits: 

•• 

Insect 

hhArachnid, crustacean, earthworm, mollusk, ocean, protozoan 

Geology 

• 


• Earth’s structure: 

•• 

Crust, mantle, core: 

hhMoho 

•• 

Chemical and physical weathering 

hhMovements of the crust, plates, mid-oceanic ridges 

hhEarthquakes: tsunami, tremor, seismology, fault, focus, epicenter, 

magnitude, Richter scale, seismic belts 

•• 

Volcanoes: 

•• 

Magma 

hhMagma chamber, vent, Ring of Fire, fumaroles 

•• 

Lava 

hhTephra: volcanic ash, bombs and blocks, lapilli 

hhClassification: 

hhBy formation: shield, cinder cone, composite, caldera 

hhBy activity: active, dormant, extinct 

hhBy kind of eruption: Hawaiian, Strombolian, Plinian 

•• 

Igneous rocks: 

hhExtrusive, intrusive 

•• 

Sedimentary rocks: 

hhMechanical, chemical, and organic sediments; breccia, halite, gypsum 

•• 

Metamorphic rocks: 

hhFoliated and unfoliated 

•• 

Gems: 

hhPrecious and semiprecious stones 

•• 

Diamond: 

hhDiamond pipe 

•• 

Ruby 

hhSapphire, emerald, red spinel 

•• 

Metals: 

hhPrecious metal 

•• 

Gold, silver 

hhPlatinum 

•• 

Iron: 

hhSteel 

•• 

Copper: brass, bronze 

hhAluminum 

Science cont. p. 97

Sixth Grade 

Science cont. 

Geology cont. 

• 

• Fossil fuels: 

•• 

Coal: 

hhTypes of coal: anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, lignite 

hhCoal mining: surface mining, overburden, underground mining 

• 

• Petroleum: 

hhCrude oil, hydrocarbons 

hhFinding, recovering, and refining petroleum: fractional distillation 

• 

• Caves: 

hhCavern, speleology 

hhCave types: sea cave, lava cave, solution cave 

• 

• Limestone: 

hhCalcium carbonate 

• 

• 

• Cave formations: 

• Stalactites, stalagmites 

hhSoda straws, columns, draperies, flowstones, moon milk, cave 

rafts, cave pearls 

hhLife in caves: trogloxenes, troglophiles, troglobites 

•• 

Earth’s magnetic field: 

•• 

Basics of magnetism 

hhMagnetic vs. geographic poles of Earth 

hhThe source of Earth’s magnetism: electromagnet 

•• 

The magnetosphere: solar wind, auroras 


•• 

Demonstrating: 

•• 

Weathering from water and plants 

hhWeathering from chemicals 

hhMaking a volcano 


hhIgneous rock textures with fudge 

hhStratification of sedimentary rock 

•• 

Growing salt crystals; rock hounding; testing for calcium carbonate 

hhGrowing stalactites 

God’s Great Universe 

• 

• What space is like: vacuum, temperature extremes 

•• 

Galaxies: 

•• 

Galaxy, Milky Way 

hhLocal group; notable galaxies, supercluster 

hhGalactic shapes: spiral, barred spiral, elliptical, irregular 

hhNebulae 

•• 

Constellations: 

hhCassiopeia, Cepheus, Andromeda, Pegasus, Cygnus, Draco, Taurus, 

Sagittarius, Centaurus 

•• 

Stars: 

•• 

Structure and atmosphere of the sun: 

hhGranule, spicule, solar prominence, solar flare 

hhLight year, star magnitude, colors and categories, supernova 

hhEarly ideas in astronomy: earth-centered universe, sun-centered 

universe, ellipse, three laws of planetary motion, gravity 

•• 

Exploring the solar system: overview of planets, moons 

•• 

Earth: revolution, rotation, atmosphere, ozone layer, greenhouse effect 

•• 

Moon: lunar month, phases, the moon and tides 

•• 

Smaller space travelers: 

hhAsteroids, comets 

•• 

Meteors: 

hhMeteorite, impacts 


hhObserving friction 

hhDrawing ellipses 

hhStudying the tail of a comet 

hhLearning meteor shower schedules 

Exploring Space 

•• 

Understanding light: 

hhElectromagnetic wave 

• 

• Speed of light 

hhFrequency, wavelength, electromagnetic spectrum 

• 

• 

• Instruments of astronomy: 

• Refracting and reflecting telescope, Hubble Space telescope 

hhAdaptive optics; spectroscope, radio telescopes 

•• 

Principles of space flight: 

•• 

Astronauts 

hhObjects and satellites in orbit 

hhSir Isaac Newton: discoverer of God’s laws 

hhRace to the moon: Sputnik and Explorer I, Gemini and Apollo programs 

hhSpace stations: Salyut, Skylab, Mir, International Space Station 

hh 

Space shuttle and beyond: private space flights, return trips to moon 

hhSatellites and space probes: communication, weather, navigational, 

earth observation, military, and astronomical satellites; space probes 

hhExploring: 

hhInner planets: detailed description of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars 

hhOuter planets: detailed description of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune 

hhSpace explorers: William and Caroline Herschel 

•• 

Origin of the universe: God created 


• • Observing: reflection and refraction; the sights in night sky 

Matter & Chemistry 

• 


• Materials and matter: 

•• 

Mass, weight, density 

hhMeasuring density 

•• 

Atoms: 

hhAnatomy of an atom 

•• 

Electrons 

hhProtons, neutrons, atomic number 

hhElements: definition of an element, selected elements 

•• 

Groups of elements: 

hhPeriodic table, metals, nonmetals, semimetals 

hhAlkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases 

•• 

Molecules and compounds: 

hhDefinition of compound, formulas of compounds, nonmolecular 

compounds 

hhNonionic crystals, compounds vs. mixtures, chemical reactions 

• 

• Robert Boyle: pioneer of modern chemistry 


hhObserving elements 

hhSeparating mixtures 

hhObserving chemical reactions 

97

® 

® 

15747301 

6 

® 

® 

6 

Third 

Edition 

Sixth Grade 

Health 

Choosing Good Health places special emphasis on the study of the endocrine, immune, and nervous 

systems. Students become familiar with major health concerns such as drug abuse and AIDS, 

and discover the physical, mental, social, and spiritual effects of these problems on the individual 

and on the nation. A proper attitude toward safety is stressed in Choosing Good Health, teaching 

students personal responsibility for safety behavior. Students learn to recognize symptoms requiring 

emergency aid and practice basic first-aid procedures for minor injuries. 

´/ji!o¨ 


•• 

Worksheets (11) including: chapter content review; 

body systems content; locating and identifying 

body systems and parts 

•• 


•• 

Mental exercises (7) 

•• 

Demonstrations (2): checking your pulse; 

checking your field of vision 

•• 


•• 

Optional CD and DVD 


Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Tests (4) 

Safety & First Aid 

•• 

Safety: 

•• 

Personal safety: 

•• 

Poison prevention 

hhFirearm safety 

•• 

Electrical shock, fire and burn prevention 

hhYard-work safety 

hhLadder safety 

hhKeys 

•• 

Passenger safety 

•• 

Strangers: 

hhOn the telephone 

hhAt the door 

hhPersonal precautions 

•• 

Recreational safety: 

•• 

Bicycle and walking safety 

hhHeat exhaustion, heat stroke 

•• 

Water safety: 

hhThe buddy system 

hhSurvival float, Heat Escape Lessening Posture, ocean swimming 

hhWinter sports safety: preventing hypothermia and frostbite; 

sledding and ice skating safety 

hhWilderness sports: 

hhHiking and campfire safety 

•• 

Dealing with poisonous plants, ticks, and poisonous snakes 

•• 

Environmental safety in: 

•• 

Thunderstorms, hurricanes, tornadoes: 

hhEarthquakes 

•• 

First Aid: 

•• 

Basic first aid: 

hhDiscerning emergency situations: emergency medical technician, 

paramedic; basic rules in an emergency medical situation 

•• 

Sports aid: muscles and bones: 

hhRICE treatment: 

•• 

Strain, sprain 

•• 

Simple and compound fracture: 

hhSplint 

hhDislocation 

•• 

Skin-deep irritations: 

•• 

Abrasions 

hhCuts (incision): stitches 

•• 

Nosebleeds, insect stings, contact poisoning 

hhSunburn, hot weather cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, 

skin cancer; frostbite, hypothermia, gangrene 

98 

•• 

Critical conditions: 

hhSevere bleeding: 

hhPressure points: brachial, femoral, carotid, and temporal arteries 

hhHead injury: concussion, contusion 

•• 

Not breathing: 

hhRescue breathing 

•• 

Choking: Heimlich maneuver 

•• 

Poison: 

•• 

Substance swallowed 

•• 

Poison bite: 

hhAntivenin, neurotoxic 

•• 

Burns: 

hhKinds: thermal, electrical, and chemical burns 

hhLayers of skin 

hhDegrees of burn 

Growth & Fitness 

•• 

Your changing body: 

hhUterine development: egg, sperm, cell division, womb, placenta, 

umbilical cord 

hhBody growth and development: motor skills 

hhCells, tissues, organs, systems: 

hhParts of a cell: cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles, chromatin 

hhBody regulators 

hhEndocrine system: hormones, endocrine glands 

hhPituitary gland: growth hormone 

hhThyroid gland: controls metabolism 

hhAdrenal glands: adrenaline 

hhGonads: reproduction 

hhPineal gland: time awareness 

hhIslets of Langerhans: insulin, glucagon 

•• 

Maintaining an active lifestyle: 

hhBody systems: skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, and nervous 

systems 

•• 

Importance of good nutrition: balanced diet, vitamins, minerals 

•• 

Physical fitness needed: 

•• 

Circulatory system: aerobic exercises 

•• 

Respiratory system: alveoli, diaphragm 

•• 


hhAtrophic muscles, origin and insertion points 

•• 

Muscle names 

hhSkeletal system: 

hhTypes of bones, marrow: 

hhCartilage connectors: immovable, slightly movable, and freely 

movable joints 

Health cont. p. 99


1 Daniel’s Daring Decision 

2 Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream of 

World Empires 

3 Deliverance from the Fiery 

Furnace 

4 The Humbling of 

Nebuchadnezzar 

5 The Handwriting on the Wall 

6 Daniel in the Lions’ Den 


Flash-a-Card 

® 

abeka.com 

® 

Sixth Grade 

Health cont. 

Growth & Fitness cont. 

hhTotal workout: 14 fitness exercises include warm-ups and 

stretches, aerobic workout, and aerobic cool-down 

A Healthy Mind & Body 

• 

• Your body’s defenses: 

•• 

Immunity and disease-causing microorganisms: 

hhImmune system 

•• 

Microbes, viruses, bacteria 

hhIntegumentary system: 

•• 

Skin layers, mucus membrane, cilia 

hhHydrochloric acid, lysozyme 

hhLymphatic system: 

hhTissue fluid, lymph capillaries, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, 

lymphocytes, Peyer’s patches, spleen, thymus 

•• 

Protein products: 

•• 

Disease fighters: antibodies 

•• 

Protection through prevention: 

•• 

Vaccines: 

hhPolio epidemic 

•• 

Healthful foods: 

•• 

Prevent rickets, osteoporosis 

hhPrevent scurvy 

•• 

Rest and sleep, daily exercise 

hhCleanliness: prevent acne; derma tologist 

hhGod’s Word on disease: attitude, morality and AIDS, the wonder 

of God’s glory 


•• 

Nervous system: 

hhCentral nervous system: 

hhThe brain: 

hhCerebrum: right and left hemisphere, short- and long-term memory 

hhCerebellum: balance and movements 

hhBrain stem: involuntary muscle activity 

hhSpinal cord: carries messages, reflex actions 

•• 

Peripheral nervous system: 

•• 

Involuntary actions 

hhSpinal and cranial nerves 

•• 

Nerves and senses: 

hhSensory and motor nerve fibers; sensory receptors, olfactory nerves 

•• 

Taste buds 

hhParts of the ear: eustachian tube, semicircular canals 

hhParts of the eye: 

hhSclera, cornea, conjunctiva, rods and cones, eye sockets 

•• 

Optic nerve 

•• 

Drug use and abuse: 

•• 

Use of drugs: 

•• 

Helpful drugs, antibiotics 

hhPrescription, sulfa drugs, penicillin; general and local anesthetics 

hhNarcotic and non-narcotic analgesics 

•• 

Abuse of drugs: 

hhHarmful drugs: 

hhNarcotic, addiction, drug tolerance 

hhMarijuana: hallucinations 

hhInhalants 

hhCocaine: stimulant, crack cocaine 

hhNicotine: tar, carcinogen, carbon monoxide, secondhand smoke, 

chewing tobacco, snuff 

hhAlcohol: depressant, ethanol, alcoholism 

•• 

Spiritual life: spiritual food, spiritual exercise, spiritual rest 

Bible 

D anie L 

´.*z3i¨ 

14109019 

Sixth graders are looking for heroes, and they will find many to pattern their lives after as they 

study such outstanding Old Testament figures as Daniel, Elijah, and Esther. They will also learn 

many important values by studying stories such as the parables of Jesus. These stories teach 

students about being compassionate, having faith in God’s provision, knowing that God still 

loves His wayward children, anticipating Christ’s return, and praying for specific things. Those attributes 

are just a few important truths that each sixth grader will learn and can apply to his life. 


Evaluation 

•• 

Graded memory verse 

passages (8) 

•• 



•• 


•• 

Life of Christ Series (36): First Christmas; Boyhood and Early 

Ministry of Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus; 

Crucifixion and Resurrection 

•• 

Parables of Jesus Series 1 and 2 (12) 

•• 

Elijah (6); Daniel (6); Esther (5); Ezra and Nehemiah (7) 

•• 



•• 

Choruses, hymns of the faith, and holiday and patriotic songs including: 


Memory Work 

hhNew individual verses (13); passages (9) containing 31 verses 

• 


99 

Bible cont. p. 100

eka.com 

® 

watercolor techniques 

15768601 

16430501 

 

6 

® 

® 

6 

Basic drawing and painting techniques, 

color concepts, and perspective 

tissue 

collage 

Third Edition 

® 

colored-pencil 

rendering 

drawing 

people 

® 

ART SERIES 

Sixth Grade 

Bible cont. 


•• 



•• 

8 questions with verses to memorize as answers 


Prayer Time 

•• 



Sword Drills 

•• 

Learn to quickly find 114 Old and New Testament references 

Music 

Songs We Enjoy 6 brings together traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun songs that have become 

a part of our American heritage. Historical and cultural information, definitions for unfamiliar 

words, and other enrichment ideas are included throughout this book. The sing-along CD makes 

song time easy for the teacher and enjoyable for the students. 

´0K%!4¨ 



•• 

Follow a song leader while singing with class or CD 

hhDefine and understand 37 unfamiliar words and phrases in lyrics 

• 

• Sing in rounds and echo sing; sing with dynamic contrasts 

•• 

Improve coordination skills with songs that require hand motions 

•• 

Learn historical facts through patriotic, folk, and Americana songs 


•• 

Folk, patriotic, Americana, fun, holiday, songs at sea, spirituals, and hymns 

´/lv!3¨ 

Arts & Crafts 

Art C encourages students to keep drawing and creating their own works of art. 

As they follow the step-by-step format, students will be excited with their increasing 

ability to draw. They will learn new art concepts such as two-point perspective 

and composition. In addition to using mixed media to create collages and threedimensional 

sculptures, students will use colored pencils and watercolor paints or 

markers. Students will also become acquainted with different styles of art by studying 

the work of accomplished artists. 



•• 

Introduction to influential artists: 

N. C. Wyeth, Adam Clague, Thomas 

Sully, Bonnie Kwan Huo, and Brian Jekel 

•• 

Art forms: woodcut, origami, abstract, 

calligraphy, collage, still life, and landscapes 

•• 

Introduction to popular prints and works 

Skill &Concept Development 38 projects 

•• 

Value (12) 

hhPerspective: one- and two-point; foreshortening (7) 

hhProportion: facial, body; size distance relations (6) 

•• 

Analogous, primary, secondary, and intermediate hues (17) 

•• 

Complements (3) 

hhComposition (3) 

•• 

Symmetry (2) 

hhMood: using color (1) 

100 


• 

• Drawing: 

•• 

Sketching, shading, shapes (4) 

hhFigures (1) 

• 

• Animated expression and cartoons (1) 

hhOverlapping (1) 

•• 

Enlarging (1) 

•• 

Modeling: 

hhMixed-media shaping (5) 

•• 

Painting: 

•• 

Washes, watercolors (4) 

hhMasks (2) 

• 

• Resists (1) 

hhStreaking, dabbing (3) 

•• 

Spattering (2) 

hhDry brushing (2) 

•• 

Chalking (2)

13883503 

® 

® 

® 

® 

Fifth Edition 

English 

Grammar & Composition Grade 7 

Grade 7 

´-xC#®¨ 

GRAMMAR and Composition I 

GRAMMAR 

and 

Composition 

Language Series 

I 

WORK-TEXT 

Grammar and Composition I purposes: to emphasize the orderly structure of our language and 

train students to use the English language effectively. The Christian perspective of this textbook 

promotes standards of correct grammar and usage, equipping students with the tools they need to 

become effective communicators in both speaking and writing. 

Students will learn to recognize the different parts of speech, fit these parts of speech together to 

form sentences, join sentences together to make paragraphs, and organize paragraphs into compositions. 

They will also learn to develop complete and orderly thoughts and to communicate those 

thoughts clearly and concisely, so that they can use God’s gift of language effectively. 


• 

• English teaching transparencies 

•• 

Review games 

•• 

Grammar Court procedures explained 

Evaluation 

•• 

Grammar quizzes (21) 

•• 

Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2) 

• 

• Semester exam, final exam 

• 

•• 

Compositions: 

• 

•• 

Summary (3) 

•• 

Book reports: full (2), short (2), oral (1) 

•• 

Description, research paper, friendly letter (1 each) 

•• 

Optional (graded at teacher discretion): 

•• 

Original poems, character sketches 

• Narratives (imaginative and first person) 

• Patriotic pledge, full book report 


Grammar 

• 


•• 

Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns: 

•• 

Particular persons, places, things 

•• 

Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture 

•• 

Words from proper nouns 

•• 

Common noun or adjective when part of proper name 

•• 

Titles of persons, titles of works 

•• 

First word of every sentence 

•• 

Pronoun I and interjection O 

•• 

First word of every line of poetry 

•• 

Punctuation: 

•• 

End marks: 

•• 

Period for declarative sentences and abbreviations 

•• 

Question mark for interrogative sentences 

•• 

Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences 

•• 

Commas: 

•• 

Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independent 

clauses 

•• 

To indicate: 

•• 

Omissions or avoid possible misreading 

•• 

Nonessential elements in a sentence: 

•• 

Appositive and appositive phrase 

•• 

Direct address 

•• 

Well, yes, no, or why 

•• 

Parenthetical expressions 

hhTo set off introductory phrases or clauses 

•• 


•• 

After salutations and closings of letters 

•• 

Semicolons: 

•• 

Between independent clauses: 

•• 

If not using coordinating conjunction 

•• 

Joined by: 

hhTransitional words 

•• 

Coordinating conjunction if clauses already contain 

commas 

•• 

Colons: 

•• 

Before a list of items 

•• 

Between: 

•• 

Chapter and verse of Bible reference 

•• 

Hour and minute of time reference 

•• 

After salutation of a business letter 

•• 

Italics: for titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of 

art, ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft 

•• 

Hyphens: 

•• 

To divide a word at the end of line 

•• 

In compound numbers 

•• 

In fractions used as adjectives 

•• 


•• 


•• 

To enclose titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and 

other parts of books or magazines 

•• 

Apostrophes: 

•• 

To form possessive case of nouns 

•• 

To show omissions from words 

•• 

With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and words 

used as words 

•• 

The sentence: 

•• 

Definition of sentence 

•• 

Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative, 


•• 

Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple subject, 

complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb phrase 

•• 

Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs: 

•• 

Finding: 

•• 

Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence, 

sentence beginning with there or here 

•• 

Subject of an imperative sentence 

•• 

Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words 

•• 

Diagraming subjects and verbs 

•• 

Recognizing and diagraming compound subjects and verbs 

•• 

Locating complements 

101 

Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 102

English Grade 7 

Grammar & Composition cont. 


Grammar cont. 

• 

• The sentence cont.: 

•• 

Correcting fragments and run-on sentences 

•• 

Sentence structure: 

hhDefining dependent and independent clauses 

•• 

Recognizing and diagraming: 

•• 

Simple and compound sentences 

hhComplex and compound-complex sentences 

•• 


•• 

Recognizing eight parts of speech 

•• 

Verbs: 

•• 

Recognizing action, linking, and helping verbs 

hhDistinguishing verbs from verbals (participles) 

•• 

Using principal parts of verbs 

•• 

Regular verb endings 

•• 

Irregular verbs 

•• 

Using correct principal parts 

hhVerb tense 

hhUsing consistent verb tense 

•• 

Avoid incorrect verb forms 

•• 

Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage 

errors 

•• 

Use exact and vivid verbs 

•• 

Nouns: 

•• 

Recognizing nouns: compound, common, and proper 

hhRecognizing collective nouns 

•• 

Keeping agreement of subject and verb 

•• 

Recognizing nouns as predicate nominatives, direct objects, 

indirect objects, objects of prepositions, direct address 

•• 

Diagraming nouns as predicate nominatives, direct objects, 

indirect objects, objects of prepositions 

hhRecognizing and diagraming nouns as appositives 

•• 

Using exact and vivid nouns 

• 

•• 

Antecedents 

•• 

Recognizing: 

• 

• Pronouns: 

• Personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite, compound 

hhRelative pronouns 

•• 

Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjects 

•• 

Nominative case: 

•• 

For subjects and predicate nominatives 

hhFor appositives of subjects and appositives of predicate 

nominatives 

•• 

Objective case: 

•• 

For direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions 

hhFor appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objects 

of prepositions 

•• 

Possessive case 

102 

•• 

Adjectives: 

•• 


•• 

Adjectives and proper adjectives 

hhParticiples 

•• 

Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns 

•• 

Recognizing and diagraming predicate adjectives 

•• 

Using and diagraming: 

•• 

Prepositional phrases as adjectives 

hhParticipial phrases as adjectives 

hhAdjective clauses 

•• 

Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers 

•• 

Using adjectives in comparison 

•• 

Avoiding double comparison and double negatives 

•• 

Using exact and vivid adjectives 

•• 

Adverbs: 

•• 

Recognizing and digraming adverbs 

•• 

Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives 

•• 


•• 

Prepositional phrases as adverbs 

hhAdverb clauses 

•• 

Correct placement of adverb modifiers 

•• 

Using: adverbs in comparison, exact and vivid adverbs 

•• 

Prepositions: 

•• 

Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, and 

objects of prepositions 

•• 

Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs 

•• 

Using prepositions correctly 

•• 

Conjunctions: 

•• 

Recognizing: 

•• 

Coordinating and correlative conjunctions 

hhSubordinating conjunctions 

•• 

Interjections 

Composition 

hhManuscript form: abbreviations, numbers 

•• 

Manuscript form: titles 

• 

• The library: Dewey Decimal System, Library of Congress Classification 

System, using the catalog and reference section 

hhSummaries (3) 

•• 

Outline (4): 

•• 

Topical outline 

•• 

Sentence outline 

•• 

Format of outline 

hhParallelism in an outline 

•• 

Steps to preparing an outline 

•• 

Book reports: 

•• 

Preparing: 

•• 

Written book reports including introduction, body, conclusion 

•• 

Oral book reports: written preparation and oral presentation 

•• 

Introducing paragraphs: 

•• 

Topic sentence 

•• 

Summarizing sentence 

•• 

Paragraph development with details 

•• 

Paragraph unity 

•• 

Paragraph coherence: 

•• 

Chronological order, order of importance, and transitional 

expressions 

hhSpace order, pronoun reference, and repetition 


® 

® 

13887801 

7 

® 

® 

® 

® 




Composition cont. 

hhWriting descriptions about persons, places, and things (13): 

hhSteps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangement 

of details, use of exact nouns and verbs 

•• 

The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit 

•• 

Research paper: 

•• 

Planning the paper: selecting subject, finding sources, writing 

bibliography cards, making a preliminary outline, taking notes, 

writing note cards, avoiding plagiarism 

•• 

Writing the paper: introduction, body 

hhUsing parenthetical citations 

•• 

Rewriting the paper: 

•• 

Check: 

•• 

Organization, introduction, and conclusion 

hhUnity, coherence, and citations 

•• 

Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word; capitalization 

and punctuation 

hhPreparing works cited page 

hhTyping the paper 

hhDocumenting the research paper 

hhImproving writing style: correct a choppy or monotonous style 

•• 

Writing Letters: 

•• 

Friendly: letter parts, thank-you note, bread-and-butter note 

hhBusiness: letter parts, order letter, request letter 

Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry Grade 7 

VOCABULARY, SPELLING, Poetry I 

SPELLING 

Poetry 

IFifth 

Edition 

Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry I emphasizes the application of spelling rules to lists of challenging words 

and the utilization of an expanded vocabulary. All of the spelling words are practical, and many are 

words that are frequently misspelled. A majority of the vocabulary words are taken from the stories 

in Of People. The goals of poetry recitation and memorization are an enjoyment and appreciation of 

poetic beauty and excellence. 

´-xn!1¨ 

Language Series 


•• 

Spelling and vocabulary: 

•• 

Review games 

•• 

Spelling and vocabulary lists (28) •• 

Each vocabulary word includes: 

including review list at end of each •• 

Pronunciation, part of speech 

9 weeks: 

•• 

Definition, sample sentence 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Teacher resource: vocabulary mastery 

•• 

Organized by spelling rules, suffixes, sentences 

homonyms, compound words, and •• 

Poetry: CD included to help with correct 

commonly misspelled words interpretation 

•• 


Evaluation 

• 

• Spelling and vocabulary quizzes: 

•• 

Weekly (24) 

•• 

Quarterly review (1 each 9 weeks; 

each counts as 2 quiz grades) 

•• 

Poetry quizzes: 

•• 

Written (7) 

•• 

Oral (1) 



hhMaster spelling and vocabulary lists that include: 


hhWords that follow the spelling rules 

hhSound-alike suffixes 

hhCommonly misspelled words 

hhHomonyms 

• 

•• 


• 

• Use vocabulary words in sentences and in proper context 

• Be able to identify commonly misspelled words 

•• 

Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacherdirected 


hhLearn: 

hhAntonyms and synonyms of vocabulary words 

hhTo distinguish between homophones 

hhPractical spelling tips and suggestions by studying Keys to 

Good Spelling 

•• 

Spelling rules: 

•• 

Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like long a 

•• 

Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning 

with a vowel 

103 

Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont. p. 104

7 7 

® 

® 



Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont. 


Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development cont. 

• 

• Spelling rules cont.: 

•• 


•• 

Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a 

vowel 

•• 

Learn exceptions to the spelling rules 

hhCreating a compound word doesn’t change the spelling of 

the two parts 

hhAdding a prefix to a word doesn’t change the word’s spelling 


hhMemorize 7 lyrical poems and 1 hymn 

•• 


• 

•• 

Perform in front of an audience 

•• 


• 

•• 


• 

• 

• 

• 

• Lay foundation for future literature study 

• Use appropriate expression and volume 

• Demonstrate comprehension of emotion and content 

• Develop a mental visualization of the poem 

• Discuss meaning and purpose of poems 


Literature Grade 7 

Of People features stories and poems that can help students increase their understanding of 

themselves and others. Students will gain exposure to people of different ages, nationalities, races, 

cultures, and economic levels to develop a better understanding of people’s motives and feelings and 

to recognize the consequences of particular actions. Students will also become familiar with classics 

such as A Christmas Carol, Robinson Crusoe, Don Quixote, and Of Plymouth Plantation. 

´-y0!G¨ 

13891601 Language Series 

® 

® 


•• 


Louisa May Alcott, John Bunyan, Charles Dickens, 

Robert Frost, and Longfellow 

•• 

Prose selections (50), poems (63), plays (4) 

•• 

Character-building themes such as personal 

sacrifice, importance of family, admitting one’s 

mistakes, and hard-work ethics 


• 

• Footnotes define and explain unfamiliar words 

•• 

Comprehension and discussion questions after 

selections 

•• 

Character-building quotations and verses 

throughout 

•• 

Introductory paragraphs for interest and background 

information 

•• 

Review games 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Semester exam, final exam 



• 

• Develop skills in reading speed and comprehension 

•• 

Further develop oral reading skills 

hhBe able to identify significant quotations and the selection in which 

they are featured 

•• 




hhDevelop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture 

•• 

Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and 

discussion questions 

•• 



hhBuild appreciation for good literature and a love of reading 

104

English 


Grade 8 

Two vital abilities, the ability to express one’s ideas creatively as well as correctly and the ability to 

comprehend and interpret the written word skillfully, are built upon the elements which are included in 

English 8. Grammar and Composition II builds upon the skills learned in earlier grammar studies providing 

foundational practice of proper grammar and developing the basic composition skills used in outlining, 

summarizing, describing, researching, and letter-writing. Students will also be introduced to new grammar 

rules and new editing techniques that will allow them to expand their writing skills. 


•• 

English teaching transparencies 

•• 

Review games 

•• 

Grammar Court procedures explained 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Compositions: 

•• 

Book reports: full (2), oral (1) 

•• 

Paragraphs (2), description (1) 

•• 

Research paper (1) 


•• 


•• 

Comparison, descriptions 

•• 

Narratives (true, descriptive) 

•• 

Newspaper articles, original poems 

•• 

Paragraph, limerick, missionary letter 

•• 

Short book reports, characteristic essay 

•• 

Character sketches, journal entries 

•• 

Essay answer 

Grammar 

• 


•• 


•• 

Particular persons, places, things: 

hhPolitical and economic organizations and alliances 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Punctuation: 

•• 

End marks: 

•• 

Period for declarative sentences and abbreviations 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Commas: 

•• 


clauses 

•• 

To indicate: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


hhParticipial phrase 

hhAdjective and adverb clauses 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

To set off introductory phrases or clauses 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Semicolons: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Joined by: 

•• 

Transitional words 

•• 

Coordinating conjunction if clauses already contain 

commas 

hhBetween items in a series if the items contain commas 

•• 

Colons: 

•• 


hhTo introduce a formally announced statement or quotation 

•• 

Between: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Italics: 

•• 

For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of 


hhFor words, letters, numbers referred to as such 

hhFor foreign words or phrases 

•• 

Hyphens: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


hhIn prefixes before a proper noun or adjective 

hhIn compound adjectives before a noun 

•• 


•• 


•• 

To enclose: 

•• 

Titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and other 

parts of books or magazines 

hhA quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at the 

beginning of each paragraph and at the end of the last 

paragraph 

105 





Grammar cont. 

•• 

Apostrophes: 

•• 

To form: 

•• 

Possessive case of nouns 

hhIndividual possession within a group 

hhPossessive case of indefinite pronouns 

•• 


•• 

With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and 

words used as words 

hhDashes: 

hhAfter a series of words or phrases giving details about a 

statement that follows 

hhTo indicate an abrupt change or break in a sentence 

hhTo set off parenthetical elements or confidential comments 

hhParentheses: to enclose parenthetical elements 

•• 

The sentence: 

•• 


•• 

Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, 

imperative, interrogative, exclamatory 

•• 

Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple 

subject, complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb 

phrase 

•• 


•• 

Finding: 

•• 



•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Recognizing complements 

•• 

Correcting fragments and run-on sentences 

•• 


•• 

Defining dependent and independent clauses 

•• 

Recognizing and diagraming simple, compound, complex, 

and compound-complex sentences 

hhRecognizing noun clauses used as subjects of independent 

clauses 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Verbs: 

•• 

Recognizing action, linking, and helping verbs: 

hhAction: transitive and intransitive verbs 

•• 

Distinguishing verbs from verbals: 

•• 

Participles 

hhGerunds and infinitives 

•• 

Using: 

•• 

Principal parts of verbs 

•• 

Regular verb endings, irregular verbs 

•• 

Correct principal parts 

•• 

Verb tenses: 

hhUsing progressive and emphatic forms 

•• 

Using consistent verb tense 

hhUsing active and passive voice 

•• 


•• 

Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage 

errors 

•• 

Use exact and vivid verbs: 

hhChoosing exact verbs instead of verb-adverb combinations 

•• 

Nouns: 

•• 

Recognizing nouns: compound, common, proper, and collective 

hhGerunds 

•• 

Keeping agreement of subject and verb: 

hhWords ending in -ics as subjects may be singular or plural 

•• 

Recognizing nouns as predicate nominatives, direct 

objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, direct 

address, and appositives 

hhGerund phrases 

•• 

Diagraming nouns as predicate nominatives, direct 

objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, and 

appositives: 

hhDiagraming: 

•• 

Compound verb with separate direct objects 

hhCompound verb with same direct object 

hhNouns as direct address 

hhGerund phrases 

•• 


•• 

Pronouns: 

•• 

Antecedents 

•• 

Recognizing personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite, 

compound, relative 

•• 


hhMaking pronouns agree with their antecedents in number 

and in gender 

•• 


•• 

For subjects, predicate nominatives, appositives of subjects, 

and appositives of predicate nominatives 

hhFor appositives to subjects and appositives to predicate 

nominatives 

•• 


•• 

For direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions 

and for appositives of direct objects, indirect 

objects, objects of prepositions 

hhFor appositives to direct objects, indirect objects, 


•• 


hhUsing correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomever 

and in incomplete clauses beginning with than or as 

hhAvoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessive 

case before a gerund 

106 





Grammar cont. 

• 

• Adjectives: 

•• 

Recognizing and diagraming adjectives: 

•• 

Participles and proper adjectives 

hhInfinitives as adjectives 

•• 


•• 

Recognizing and diagraming predicate adjectives: 

•• 

Diagraming compound verbs with one predicate adjective 

and separate predicate adjectives 

•• 


•• 

Prepositional and participial phrases as adjectives 

hhInfinitive phrases as adjectives 

•• 

Adjective clauses 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Avoiding double comparison and double negatives: 

hhSupplying necessary words in comparison 

•• 


•• 

Adverbs: 

•• 

Recognizing and digraming adverbs 

hhInfinitives as adverbs 

•• 


•• 


•• 


hhInfinitive phrases as adverbs 

•• 

Adverb clauses: 

hhElliptical clauses 

•• 


hhDistinguishing dependent clauses 

•• 

Using adverbs in comparison 

•• 

Using exact and vivid adverbs 

•• 

Prepositions: 

•• 



•• 


•• 


•• 

Conjunctions: recognizing coordinating, correlative, and 

subordinating conjunctions 

•• 

Interjections 

Composition 

• 

• Manuscript form: abbreviations, numbers, titles 

•• 

The library: Dewey Decimal System, Library of Congress Classification 


•• 

Summaries (3) 

•• 


•• 

Preparing: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Outline (5): 

•• 

Topical and sentence outlines 

•• 


•• 

Parallelism in an outline 

•• 


•• 

Introducing paragraphs (11): 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Paragraph development: 

•• 

Development by examples, incidents, and reasons 

•• 


•• 

Paragraph coherence: chronological order, order of importance, 

transitional expressions, space order, pronoun 

reference, and repetition 

•• 

Writing descriptions about persons, places, and things (14): 

•• 

Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangement 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Planning the paper: selecting subject, finding sources, 

writing bibliography cards, making a preliminary outline, 

taking notes, writing note cards, avoiding plagiarism 

•• 


•• 

Using parenthetical citations 

•• 

Rewriting the paper: check organization, introduction, 

conclusion, unity, coherence, and citations 

•• 

Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word; 

capitali zation and punctuation 

•• 

Preparing works cited page 

•• 

Typing the paper 

•• 

Documentation for research paper 

•• 

Improving writing style 

•• 

Correct a choppy or monotonous style: 

•• 

Begin sentence with an adverb, adverb phrase, adverb 

clause, or participial phrase 

hhBegin sentence with an adjective, participle, prepositional 

phrase, or infinitive phrase 

107

13834703 

® 

® 

® 



´-sO#9¨ 

VOCABULARY, SPELLING, Poetry II ® 

VOCABULARY 

SPELLING 

Poetry 

Fifth Edition 


Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry II emphasizes using an expanded vocabulary and applying spelling 

rules when analyzing challenging words. The goals of poetry memorization and recitation are 

an enjoyment and appreciation of poetic beauty and excellence. 


•• 


•• 

Spelling and vocabulary lists (32) 

including review list at end of each 9 weeks: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Organized by spelling rules, suffixes, 

homonyms, compound words, and commonly 

misspelled words 

•• 

Practice exercises (68) including 

crossword puzzles 

•• 

Review games 

Evaluation 

• 

•• 



•• 


•• 

Weekly (24) 

•• 


•• 


•• 



•• 

CD includes a reading of the vocabulary •• 

Poetry quizzes: written (7), oral (2) 

words and definitions and sample 

sentences 

•• 


sentences 

•• 

Poetry: CD included to help with interpretation 



hhMaster spelling and vocabulary lists including: 




hhHomonyms 

• 

•• 


•• 

Be able to identify commonly misspelled words 

• 


• Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacherdirected 


•• 

Learn: 

•• 

Antonyms and synonyms of vocabulary words 

•• 

To distinguish between homophones 

•• 

Practical spelling tips and suggestions by studying Keys to 

Good Spelling 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning 

with a vowel 

•• 


•• 

Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a 

vowel 

•• 


•• 

Creating a compound word doesn’t change the spelling of 

the two parts 

•• 

Adding a prefix to a word doesn’t change the word’s spelling 



• 

• 

• 

•• 


• 

•• 


• 

• 

• 

• 









108

13825801 

9 

Fifth Edition 

® 

® 

® ® 


English Grades 8–9 7 


Of Places uses young people’s interest in other places to teach Christian character traits such as 

compassion, courage, and understanding. Not only will students gain exposure to people of different ages, 

nationalities, races, cultures, and economic levels through a variety of literary selections, but they will also 

learn to enjoy reading wholesome literature. Many of the selections in Of Places were written by famous 

authors and are well-known classics that are an important part of a student’s education. Of Places features 

excerpts from classics such as Up from Slavery, The Jungle Book, Ben Hur, and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. 


•• 


Emily Dickinson, L. M. Montgomery, Carl Sandburg, 

and Booker T. Washington 

•• 

Prose selections (46), poems (48), and play (1) 

•• 

Character-building themes such as personal 

sacrifice, importance of family, admitting one’s 

mistakes, and hard-work ethics 


• 


•• 


selections 

•• 


•• 

Introductory paragraphs for interest and 

background information 

•• 

Review games 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 




• 


•• 


•• 

Be able to identify significant quotations and the selections in which 


•• 


hhRecognize the different settings in the selections 



• 

• Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture 

•• 

Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and discussion 

questions 

•• 



•• 

Build appreciation for good literature and a love of reading 


Grammar & Composition III 

Two vital abilities, the ability to express one’s ideas creatively as well as correctly and the ability to comprehend 

and interpret the written word skillfully, are built upon the elements studied in English 9. Grammar and 

Composition III provides foundational practice of proper grammar and develops the basic composition skills 

utilized in outlining, summarizing, researching, and writing a variety of expositions, letters, and essay answers. 

´-rZ!P¨ 


•• 


•• 

Review games 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Compositions: 

•• 

Book reports: full (2), oral (1) 

•• 

Paragraph, description (1 each) 

•• 

Research paper (1) 

•• 


•• 

Narratives (true), historic paragraph 

•• 

Magazine preview, original poems, outline 

•• 

Description, character sketches, summary 

•• 

Play scene, short book reports, newspaper articles 

•• 

Essays: short formal, full formal, comparison and 

contrast, personal 

•• 

Definitions 

•• 

Thank-you note, business letter, paragraph 


109 


English 

Grade 9 


Grammar 

• 


•• 


•• 

Particular persons, places, things 

•• 

Political and economic organizations and alliances 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Punctuation: 

•• 

End marks: 

•• 

Period: 

•• 

For declarative sentences and abbreviations 

hhFor indirect question and polite request 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Commas: 

•• 

Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses 

•• 

To indicate: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Participial phrase 

•• 

Adjective and adverb clauses 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Semicolons: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Joined by: 

•• 


•• 

Coordinating conjunction if clauses already contain commas 

•• 

Between items in a series if the items contain commas 

•• 

Colons: 

•• 


•• 

To introduce a formally announced statement or quotation 

•• 

Between: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Italics: 

•• 

For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of art, 

ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft 

•• 

For words, letters, numbers referred to as such 

•• 

For foreign words or phrases 

110 


•• 

Hyphens: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

In prefixes before a proper noun or adjective 

•• 

In compound adjectives before a noun 

•• 


•• 


•• 

To enclose: 

•• 

Titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and other parts 

of books or magazines 

•• 

A quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at the beginning 

of each paragraph and at the end of the last paragraph 

•• 

Apostrophes: 

•• 

To form: 

•• 


•• 

Individual possession within a group 

•• 

Possessive case of indefinite pronouns 

•• 


•• 

With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and words used as 

words 

•• 

Dashes: 

•• 

After a series of words or phrases giving details about a statement 

that follows 

•• 

To indicate an abrupt change or break in a sentence 

•• 

To set off parenthetical elements or confidential comments 

•• 

Parentheses: 

•• 

To enclose: 

•• 

Parenthetical elements 

hhBrief confirmatory information 

•• 

The sentence: 

•• 


•• 



•• 



•• 


•• 

Finding: 

•• 

Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence, sentence 

beginning with there or here 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Correcting fragments and run-on sentences: 

•• 

Correcting run-ons by comma and coordinating conjunction 

hhCorrecting run-ons by semicolon or subordination 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Recognizing and diagraming simple, compound, complex, and 

compound-complex sentences 

•• 

Recognizing noun clauses used as subjects of independent clauses 

hhSentence improvement: 

hhConciseness, subordination, active voice, parallelism, clear pronoun 

reference 

hhPlacement of modifiers 





Grammar cont. 

• 

• Parts of speech: 

•• 


•• 

Verbs: 

•• 

Recognizing action (transitive and intransitive), linking, and helping 

verbs 

•• 

Distinguishing verbs from verbals: participles, gerunds, and infinitives 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Verb tenses: 

•• 

Progressive and emphatic forms 

hhWhen to use the tenses 

•• 

Using consistent verb tense 

•• 

Active and passive voice 

•• 


•• 

Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage errors 

•• 


•• 

Nouns: 

•• 

Recognizing nouns: compound, common, proper, and collective 

•• 


•• 

Recognizing and diagraming nouns as predicate nominatives, 

direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, direct 

address, and appositives 

hhUsing parallelism 

•• 


•• 

Pronouns: 

•• 

Antecedents 

•• 



•• 


•• 

Making pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and in 

gender: 

hhUsing expressions that agree with the object of the preposition 

such as one of those who (which, that) 

•• 


•• 

For subjects, predicate nominatives 

•• 

For appositives of subjects, appositives of predicate nominatives, 

appositives to subjects, and appositives to predicate 

nominatives 

•• 


•• 

For direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions 

•• 

For appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objects of 

prepositions 

•• 

For appositives to direct objects, indirect objects, objects of 

prepositions 

•• 


•• 

Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomever and 

in incomplete clauses beginning with than or as 

•• 

Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessive case 

before a gerund 

•• 

Adjectives: 

•• 

Recognizing and diagraming adjectives: participles and proper 

adjectives and infinitives as adjectives 

•• 


•• 


111 

•• 


•• 

Prepositional, participial, and infinitive phrases as adjectives 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Adverbs: 

•• 

Recognizing and diagraming adverbs 

•• 

Infinitives as adverbs 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Prepositional and infinitive phrases as adverbs 

•• 

Adverb clauses 

•• 


•• 

Distinguishing dependent clauses: 

hhAdvanced technique to determine dependent clauses as noun, 

adjective, or adverb 

•• 


•• 

Prepositions: 

•• 

Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, and objects of 

prepositions 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Conjunctions: 

•• 

Recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordinating conjunctions 

hhUsing parallel structure 

•• 


•• 

Definition 

•• 

Punctuation with interjections 

hhOther parts of speech used as interjections 

hhDiagraming interjections 

Composition 

• 


•• 



•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Paragraph development by examples, incidents, and reasons 

•• 


•• 

Paragraph coherence: chronological order, order of importance, transitional 

expressions, space order, pronoun reference, and repetition 

•• 

Outline (3): 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Preparing: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Summaries 

hhFormal full-length essays (5): 

hhSteps for writing 

hhComparison and contrast essay 

hhPersonal essay 


® 

® 

15784802 

® 

® 

® 

® 





hhFormal short essays: 

• 

• 

• Writing descriptions about persons, places, and things (7): 

• Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangement of 

details, use of exact nouns and verbs 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Planning the paper: selecting subject, finding sources, writing bibliography 

cards, making a preliminary outline, taking notes, writing 

note cards, avoiding plagiarism 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Rewriting the paper: check organization, introduction, conclusion, 

unity, coherence, and citations 

•• 



•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Writing Letters: 

•• 


•• 

Business: 

•• 

Letter parts, order letter, and request letter 

hhComplaint letter 

hhLetter to a government official 

•• 

Improving writing style: correct a choppy or monotonous style 

hhCorrect a stringy style 


´/nP"0¨ 

Vocabulary, Spelling, III 

Fifth Edition 


The lists of challenging words in Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry III emphasize the application of 

several spelling rules, the addition of specific suffixes, and the necessity of learning frequently 

misspelled words. To expand students’ vocabulary, words and definitions are taken from 

Themes in Literature. The goals of poetry recitation and memorization are an enjoyment and 

appreciation of poetic beauty and excellence. 


•• 


•• 

Spelling lists (32) including review list at 

end of each 9 weeks: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Organized by spelling rules, suffixes and 

prefixes, compound words, homophones, 

and commonly misspelled words 

•• 


•• 

Review games 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


sentences 

•• 

Poetry: footnotes define and explain 

unfamiliar words 

Evaluation 

• 


•• 

Weekly (28) 

•• 



•• 


RED indicates first introduction of content. 



h 

h 



hhHomonyms 

• 

• 

• 

• 

h Vocabulary words and definitions 

h Words that follow the spelling rules 


• Memorize vocabulary definitions 




•• 

Learn: 

•• 

Antonyms and synonyms of vocabulary words 

•• 

To distinguish between homophones 

•• 

Practical spelling tips and suggestions by studying Keys to Good 

Spelling 

112 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Double final consonant before adding suffix beginning with vowel 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Creating a compound word doesn’t change the spelling of the two parts 

•• 




• 

• 

• 

•• 


• 

•• 


• 

• 

• 

• 








• Use proper observation of punctuation

15780501 

16788602 

9 

® 

® 

® 

® 

Clause 

Clause 

Thesis Outline Verbal Clause 

Sketch 

PReport Unity 

® 

® 


ODirect 

English Grades 9–10 


´/n%!y¨ 

Themes in Literature reflects these eleven themes: truth and wisdom, courage, humility, justice, temperance, 

joy and peace, beauty, faith and hope, love, Christmas, and time and eternity. As the student 

becomes familiar with classics such as Wind in the Willows, Jane Eyre, Don Quixote, and The Adventures 

of Tom Sawyer, he learns to appreciate a well-written presentation of a theme. This appreciation not only 

aids in increased enjoyment of literature but also provides the foundation needed to critically analyze it. 

This then can serve as a stimulus for corresponding creative essays. 


•• 

99 authors, including well-known writers such 

as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, 

Helen Keller, William Shakespeare, and 

Leo Tolstoy 

•• 

Prose selections (59), poems (60), and plays (5) 


• 


•• 


selections 

•• 


•• 

Introductory paragraphs for interest and 

background information 

•• 

Review games 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 




• 


•• 


•• 



•• 




• 

• Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture 

•• 



•• 



•• 


hhRecognize the character-building and life-enriching themes that 

divide units 



Ob 

Clause 

Active 

Transitive 

Dict 

s Outline Ver 

Paragraph 

Essay 

Phrase 

Adverbs 

Phrase 

´0nv"

English 

Grades 9–10 



Grammar 

• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Punctuation: 

•• 

End marks: 

•• 

Period for declarative sentences, abbreviations, indirect question, 

and polite request 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Commas: 

•• 


clauses 

•• 

To indicate: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Semicolons: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Joined by: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Colons: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Between: 

hhIndependent clauses when second clause further explains first 

one 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Italics: 

•• 



•• 


•• 


114 

•• 

Hyphens: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

To enclose titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and 

other parts of books or magazines 

•• 

To enclose a quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at the 

beginning of each paragraph and at the end of the last paragraph 

•• 

Apostrophes: 

•• 

To form: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and words used 

as words 

•• 

Dashes: 

•• 


that follows 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Parentheses: 

•• 

To enclose: 

•• 


•• 

Brief confirmatory information 

•• 

The sentence: 

•• 


•• 



•• 



•• 


•• 

Finding: 

•• 



•• 


hhSubject before its appositive 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Correcting fragments and run-on sentences: 

•• 


•• 


•• 



•• 

Recognizing noun clauses used as subjects of independent 

clauses 

•• 

Sentence improvement: 

•• 

Conciseness, subordination, active voice, parallelism, clear pronoun 

reference 

•• 

Placement of modifiers 

hhConsistency of subject, tense, or voice 

hhClear and effective diction 




Grammar cont. 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Verbs: 

•• 

Recognizing action (transitive and intransitive), linking, and helping 

verbs 

•• 

Distinguishing verbs from verbals: participles, gerunds, and 

infinitives 

•• 

Using: 

•• 

Principal parts of verbs 

•• 

Regular verb endings, irregular verbs 

•• 


•• 

Verb tenses: 

•• 

Using progressive and emphatic forms 

•• 

When to use the tenses 

hhUsing logical verb tense sequence between clauses and between 

verbals and independent clause 

hhAvoiding unnecessary shifts in sentences: in subjects, verb tense, 

voice of verbs 

•• 


hhMood: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Nouns: 

•• 

Recognizing nouns: 

•• 

Compound, common, proper, and collective 

hhConcrete and abstract 

hhSubstantives 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Nouns as predicate nominatives, direct objects, indirect objects, 

objects of prepositions, direct address 

•• 

Nouns as appositives 

hhRecognizing and diagraming objective complements 

•• 

Using: 

•• 

Parallelism 

•• 

Exact and vivid nouns 

•• 

Pronouns: 

•• 

Antecedents 

•• 



•• 


•• 

Making pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and in 

gender 

•• 


•• 


•• 

For appositives of subjects, appositives of predicate nominatives, 

appositives to subjects, and appositives to predicate nominatives 

•• 


•• 


•• 

For appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objects of 

prepositions 

•• 

For appositives to direct objects, indirect objects, objects of 

prepositions 

•• 


•• 

Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomever and in 

incomplete clauses beginning with than or as 

115 


•• 

Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessive case 

before a gerund 

•• 

Adjectives: 

•• 

Recognizing and diagraming adjectives: participles and proper 

adjectives and infinitives as adjectives 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Infinitive phrases as adjectives 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Adverbs: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Infinitive phrases as adverbs 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Distinguishing dependent clauses: 

•• 

Advanced technique to determine dependent clauses as noun, 

adjective, or adverb 

•• 


•• 

Prepositions: 

•• 

Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, and objects of 

prepositions 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Conjunctions: 

•• 

Recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordinating conjunctions 

•• 

Using parallel structure 

•• 


•• 

Definition 

•• 


•• 

Other parts of speech used as interjections 

•• 

Diagraming interjections 

•• 

Word study: 

•• 

Using the dictionary: 

hhKinds of dictionaries 

hhSelecting a dictionary 

•• 

Using the dictionary 

•• 

Parts of the dictionary: 

hhVariant spellings, pronunciation, parts of speech, inflected forms, 

cross reference, sample contexts, idiom, etymologies, run-on 

entries, usage notes 

hhCapitalization, restrictive labels, scientific names, illustrations, 

synonyms and antonyms 

hhUsage and diction: 

hhLevels of usage 

hhUsing correct diction 

hhUsing clear and effective diction 

hhGlossary of diction 


16792402 

similar 

fourish 

® 

® 




Composition 

• 


•• 



•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Paragraph development: 

•• 

By examples, incidents, and reasons 

hhBy comparison and contrast and combination of methods 

•• 


•• 

Paragraph coherence: chronological order, order of importance, transitional 

expressions, space order, pronoun reference, and repetition 

•• 

Outline (3): 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


hhCritical book reviews: 

hhPreparing: 

hhWritten book reviews including outline, introduction, body, 

conclusion 

hhOral book reviews: written preparation and oral presentation 


•• 

Formal short essay: 

•• 


•• 

Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangement of 

details, use of exact nouns and verbs 

•• 

Formal full-length essay: 

hhInformative essay 

•• 

Personal essay 

•• 

Summaries 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Planning the paper: selecting subject, finding sources, writing bibliography 

cards, making a preliminary outline, taking notes, writing note 

cards, avoiding plagiarism 

•• 


•• 


•• 



•• 



•• 


•• 


•• 


hhAuthor project 

•• 

Improving writing style: correct a choppy or monotonous style 

hhExtended definition 

hhWriting about a process 

´0o8"R¨ 

VOCABULARY, SPELLING,Poetry IV 


whose 

wane 

allude 

tariff 

exemplary 

quiet quiet 

foray 

ulg 

dastardly 

ntrhopy rue ule 

abduct 

famous 

enamor 

acquiesce 

deploys wagged 

balk 

palpitate 

lucid 

forward 

waged handsome forty 

contingent 

aerial 

commiserate 

reverberate 

uate 

condescend 

famous 

necessary 

innate 

marshal 

appease indispensable 

dilemma 

exonerate 

performance 

abominatio 

surely 

women 

emulate 

contention 

transpose 

duly 

asylum 

irrevocable movable 

monasteries 

effect cosen 

Vocabulary 

SPELLING 

Fifth 

Edition 

Poetry IV 

convalescent 

choleric 

nonchalant 

speech 

callow 

facile 

adolescence 

jeopardy 


• 


•• 


•• 


counterfeit 

pier 

license 

verbal 

Mastering the vocabulary and spelling words in Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry IV will greatly help students 

in their writing, speaking, and reading comprehension. Students memorize ten poems over 

the course of the year. This memory work will not only help students lay a foundation for future literature 

studies, but will also enrich their personal lives. In addition, students will learn how to solve 

analogy questions and how to analyze word meanings based on their prefixes, roots, and suffixes. 

•• 


•• 


homonyms, compound words, and 

commonly misspelled words 

•• 

Vocabulary lists: 

•• 

Organized by word origin, prefixes and 

suffixes, and vivid and precise verbs 

•• 


•• 

Pronunciation, etymology 

•• 

Part of speech, definition 

•• 

Sample sentence 

•• 

Synonyms, antonyms 

•• 

Related forms of the word 

•• 

Practice exercises (100), including: 

•• 

Pretest over vocabulary words 

and their meanings 

•• 

Cumulative review of vocabulary 

words and definitions 

•• 

Review games 

•• 

Vocabulary chart showing: 

•• 

Prefixes (48), suffixes (48) 

•• 

Greek and Latin roots and 

meanings (100) 

•• 

Guidelines for solving analogy 

questions 

•• 


•• 

Poetry: footnotes define and 

explain unfamiliar words 


Evaluation 

•• 

Spelling and vocabulary 

quizzes: 

•• 

Weekly (20) 

•• 

Quarterly review (1 each 

9 weeks; each counts as 2 quiz 

grades) 

•• 

Poetry quizzes; written (8), 

oral (2) 

116 

Voabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont. p. 117

ULLEN B RYANT 

L. H. J ONES 

RT B RO WNING 

—ARISTOTLE 

11540101 

10 

® 

® 



Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont. 







hhHomonyms 

• 

•• 


• 

• 





•• 

Learn to distinguish between homophones 

•• 

Learn practical spelling tips and suggestions by studying Keys to 

Good Spelling 

hhMaster 48 prefixes, 100 roots, and 48 suffixes 

hhLearn more than 1,000 synonyms, antonyms, and related words for 

vocabulary words 

hhAnalyze word meanings based on their prefixes, roots, and suffixes 

hhDevelop ability to solve analogy questions 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Learn exceptions to spelling rules 

•• 

Learn the principle of assimilation 

•• 

Creating a compound word doesn’t change the spelling of the two 

parts 

•• 




• 

• 

• 

•• 


• 

•• 


• 

• 

• 

• 











arranges 

manner as to 

werfully and 

y into the 

ties of 

is person acts 

history 

In previous years, students read mostly for enjoyment, but now they will learn about the makeup of 

literature by studying a variety of literary terms and devices such as imagery and figurative language. 

While the first part of World Literature offers a background to the study of world literature, the second 

part introduces works chronologically from the time of the ancient East to the Modern Age (twentieth 

century). Students will read classics which reflect the thinking of each time period, such as Divine 

Comedy, Moby Dick, Paradise Lost, Aesop’s Fables, and Foxe’s Book of Martyrs. 

´+V!!9¨ 

Art appreciation is also an important part of the literature study in English 10. As the author uses words 

to paint visual images in our minds, the artist uses his brush to paint a story. World Literature includes 

paintings, sculptures, and architecture that reflect the themes of each unit. 


•• 

113 authors, including well-known writers such 

as e. e. cummings, Charles Dickens, John Donne, 

Homer, Martin Luther, and Isaac Watts 

•• 

Prose selections (49), poems (81), plays (2), and 

essays (10) 


•• 

Footnotes define and explain unfamiliar words 

•• 


selections 

•• 


•• 

Introductory paragraphs for interest and background 

information 

•• 

Review games 

•• 

Author biographies 

•• 

Literary terms defined and explained throughout 

and in a handy glossary (121) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Comprehension quizzes (25) 

•• 


•• 


•• 



117 

Literature cont. p. 118

® 

10830801 

11 

English Grades 10–11 

Literature cont. 


• 


•• 


•• 



•• 


hhFurther develop writing skills 

hhLearn various literary forms: short story, essay, novel, narrative 

poetry, and descriptive poetry 

hhLearn meaning and use of literary terms and devices such as theme, 

plot, imagery, figurative language, point of view, dramatic structure 

and dénouement. 

hhStudy the development of plot, theme, setting, and character(s) in 

short stories, essays, and classical works of literature 




• 

• Read entire works: Silas Marner and Julius Caesar 

•• 

Study drama and learn about Elizabethan and Greek theaters 

•• 

Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture 

•• 



•• 



•• 


•• 

Develop an understanding of people’s motives and feelings while 

recognizing consequences of particular actions 

hhLearn to analyze literature while studying selections 

hhComprehend and appreciate the basic elements of a work of literature 

hhLearn to appreciate the rhyme, rhythm, and figurative language of 

poetry 


´*s(! ¨ 

& 

WORKBOOK V for Handbook o f GRAMMAR C omposition 

for 

GRAMMAR 

omposition 

C 

The abilities to express ideas creatively and to skillfully comprehend the written word are built 

upon the study elements which are included in English 11. The Handbook of Grammar and Composition 

and Workbook V build upon the grammar foundation established in previous years and 

introduce new concepts to further enhance the students’ knowledge of basic grammar. In addition, 

Handbook of Grammar and Composition emphasizes writing through assignments in argumentative 

essay, narrative essay, exposition of a process, literary character analysis, critical book 

reviews, and a research paper. Several smaller writing assignments are also included throughout 

the text. 


•• 


Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Compositions: 

•• 

Character trait paragraph 

•• 

Book reviews: oral, full (1 each) 

•• 

Paragraph, character sketch (1 each) 

•• 

Essays: argumentative, narrative (1 each) 

•• 

Character analysis, rhyming poem, 

classification, application letter, résumé, 

research paper (1 each) 

•• 


•• 

Paragraphs, short book reviews 

•• 

Character analysis, one-act play, 

outline, essay 

•• 

Summary, descriptions, type 

sketch, poems 

•• 

Exposition of a process 


Grammar 

• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Punctuation: 

•• 

End marks: 

•• 

Period for declarative sentences, abbreviations, indirect question, 

and polite request 

•• 


•• 


118 





Grammar cont. 

• 

• Punctuation cont.: 

•• 

Commas: 

•• 


clauses 

•• 

To indicate: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Semicolons: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Joined by: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Colons: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Between: 

•• 

Independent clauses when second clause further explains first one 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Italics: 

•• 



•• 


•• 


•• 

Hyphens: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

To enclose: 

•• 

Titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and other 

parts of books or magazines 

•• 

A quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at the beginning 

of each paragraph and at the end of the last paragraph 

•• 

Apostrophes: 

•• 

To form: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


used as words 

119 

•• 

Dashes: 

•• 


that follows 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Parentheses: 

•• 

To enclose: 

•• 


•• 


hhBrackets: 

hhTo enclose editorial comments within quotations 

hhTo replace parentheses within parentheses 

• 

•• 


• 

• The sentence: 

• Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative, 


•• 



•• 


•• 

Finding: 

•• 



•• 


•• 

Subject before its appositive 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Compound subjects and verbs 

•• 

Complements: direct object, indirect object, objective complement, 

predicate nominative, predicate adjective 

•• 

Fragments and run-on sentences 

•• 



•• 


hhUnity and coordination 

•• 

Subordination: 

•• 

Choosing what to subordinate 

hhAvoiding upside-down, illogical, and excessive subordination 

•• 

Placement of modifiers: 

•• 

Avoid: 

hhSquinting modifiers and split constructions 

•• 

Dangling participial phrases 

hhDangling gerund and infinitive phrases 

hhElliptical clauses 

•• 

Pronoun reference 

hhClear and logical construction 

•• 

Parallelism 

•• 

Point of view: 

•• 

Avoid unnecessary shifts in: 

•• 

Subject, voice, and tense 

hhMood, person, number, discourse, and tone 

•• 

Consistency of subject, tense, or voice 

•• 

Clear and effective diction 

•• 

Conciseness 




Grammar cont. 

• 

• Parts of speech: 

•• 


•• 

Verbs: 

•• 

Recognizing action (transitive and intransitive), linking, and 

helping verbs 

•• 


infinitives 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


• 

•• 

When to use the verb tenses 

• 

• Verb tenses: progressive and emphatic forms 

• Using logical verb tense sequence between clauses and 

between verbals and independent clause 

•• 

Avoiding unnecessary shifts in sentences: in subjects, verb 

tense, voice of verbs 

•• 


• 

•• 


• 

•• 

Nouns: 

•• 


• 

•• 

Concrete and abstract 

•• 

Substantives 

•• 


• 

• Mood: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive 

• Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage errors 

• Compound, common, proper, and collective 

• Recognizing and diagraming nouns as predicate nominatives, 

direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, 

direct address, appositives, and objective complements 

•• 

Using parallelism 

•• 

Pronouns: 

•• 

Antecedents 

•• 



hhRecognizing reflexive and intensive pronouns 

•• 


•• 

Making pronouns agree with their antecedents: 

•• 

In number and in gender 

hhIn person 

•• 


•• 


•• 

For appositives of subjects, appositives of predicate 

nominatives 

•• 

For appositives to subjects, appositives to predicate 

nominatives 

hhFor complements of the infinitive to be 

•• 


•• 


•• 

For appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objects 


•• 

For appositives to direct objects, indirect objects, objects 


hhFor subjects of infinitives and complements of the infinitive 

to be 


•• 


•• 

Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomever 


•• 

Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessive 


•• 

Adjectives: 

•• 

Recognizing and diagraming adjectives: participles and 

proper adjectives and infinitives as adjectives 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Adverbs: 

•• 


•• 


hhNouns as adverbs 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Distinguishing dependent clauses 

•• 


•• 

Prepositions: 

•• 



•• 


•• 


•• 

Conjunctions: 

•• 

Recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordinating 

conjunctions 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Definition 

•• 


•• 


•• 


hhRecognizing and diagraming: 

hhNominative absolute and expletives 

hhNominative absolute phrases 

•• 

Word study: 

•• 


•• 

Kinds of dictionaries 

•• 

Selecting a dictionary 

•• 


•• 

Parts of the dictionary 

•• 

Usage and diction: 

•• 

Levels of usage 

•• 

Using correct diction 

•• 

Using clear and effective diction 

120 




Grammar cont. 

• 

• Usage and diction cont.: 

•• 

Appropriateness 

•• 

Exactness and vividness 

•• 

Figurative language 

hhGobbledygook 

•• 

Jargon 

•• 

Triteness 

•• 

Wordiness: 

hhSentences beginning with there, it, and this 

•• 

Wordy expressions 

•• 

Redundancies 

•• 

Glossary of diction 

Composition 

• 

• Manuscript form: 

•• 

Abbreviations, numbers, titles 

hhAbbreviations in footnotes and parenthetical references 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Paragraph development by examples, incidents, reasons, 

comparison and contrast, and combination of methods 

•• 


•• 


transitional expressions, space order, pronoun reference, and 

repetition 

hhParagraph with proper emphasis 

•• 

Essays: 

•• 

Essay answer 

hhNarrative essay 

hhArgumentative essay 

•• 

Outline: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


hhParaphrase (5) 

•• 

Summaries (6) 

•• 

Writing about a process (Exposition of a Process) 

hhClassification paper 

•• 

Extended definition 

•• 

Writing descriptions about persons, places, and things: 

•• 



hhCharacter sketch 

hhType sketch 

hhCharacter analysis 


•• 

The library: 

•• 

The catalog 

•• 

The reference section: 

•• 

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, special dictionaries, atlases 

•• 

Handbooks of miscellaneous information, books of quotations 

hhBiographical aids, reference works on literature 

hhOther specialized reference works 

hhThe Readers’ Guide to Periodical Literature 

hhInternet sources 

•• 

The Dewey Decimal System 

•• 

The Library of Congress Classification System 

•• 

Critical book reviews: written and oral review 

•• 

Writing letters: 

•• 

Friendly: letter parts, thank-you note, bread-and-butter 

note 

•• 

Business: 

•• 

Letter parts, order letter, request letter, complaint letter 

•• 

Letter to a government official 

hhLetter of application, résumé 

•• 


•• 

Planning the paper: 

•• 

Selecting subject 

•• 

Finding sources: 

hhEncyclopedia, periodical databases 

hhEssay and General Literature Index, published bibliographies 

•• 

Writing bibliography cards 

•• 

Making a preliminary outline 

•• 

Taking notes: writing note cards, avoiding plagiarism 

•• 


•• 


•• 



•• 


capitalization and punctuation 

•• 

Typing the paper: 

•• 

General information 

•• 

Formatting pages: title page, pledge page, outline page, 

first page, and succeeding pages 

•• 

Inserting footnotes or endnotes 

hhAdditional guidelines: 

hhAbbreviations in citation entries 

hhEllipsis marks in quotations 

hhBlock quotations 

•• 

Documentation for research paper: 

•• 

Parenthetical citations 

hhEndnotes and footnotes 

hhTyping instructions 

121



Mastering the vocabulary and spelling words in Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry V will greatly 

help students in their writing, speaking, and reading comprehension. Students will memorize 

nine poems throughout the year. The benefits of reciting and memorizing poetry are 

learning an appreciation of poetic excellence, enriching, their personal lives, and laying a 

foundation for future literature studies. Students will also further develop their ability to 

analyze words by studying prefixes, roots, and suffixes. 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


homonyms, compound words, 

and commonly misspelled words 

•• 

Vocabulary lists: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Practice exercises (100), including: 

•• 

Pretest over vocabulary words and their 

meanings 

•• 



•• 

Review games 

Evaluation 

•• 

Spelling and vocabulary quizzes: 

•• 

Weekly (20) 

•• 



•• 


•• 

Organized by word origin, prefixes •• 


and suffixes, and vivid and precise •• 


verbs 

•• 

Greek and Latin roots and meanings (100) 

•• 

Each vocabulary word includes: •• 

Guidelines for solving analogy questions 

•• 

Pronunciation, etymology 

•• 


•• 

Part of speech, definition 

•• 

Index includes vocabulary words; prefixes, 

•• 

Sample sentence 

roots, suffixes; synonyms, antonyms 








hhHomonyms 

• 

•• 


• 

• 



• Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacherdirected 


•• 

Learn to distinguish between homophones 

•• 

Learn practical spelling tips and suggestions from Keys to 

Good Spelling 

•• 

Master 48 prefixes, 100 roots, and 48 suffixes 



• 

• 

• 

•• 

recite in unison 

• 

•• 


• 

• 

• 

• 









122

10835901 

11 

Nathaniel Hawthorne 

by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze 

FOURTH EDITION 

Boyhood of Lincoln 

by Eastman Johnson 



´*s[!R¨ 

lassics for hristians 

American Literature presents a variety of selections that reflect the faith, doubts, longings, 

accomplishments, and emotions of the American people. Students will further develop their skills 

in analyzing literature as they study several genres and time periods of American literature. In 

addition, students will learn about significant American authors and their influential works while 

reading classics such as Moby Dick, Ben Hur, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, The Innocents Abroad, and The 

Song of Hiawatha. Since art appreciation is an important part of the literature study in English 11, 

American Literature includes paintings that reflect the themes and time periods of each unit. 


•• 

105 authors, including works by wellknown 

writers such as Washington 

Irving, Will Rogers, Mark Twain, Phyllis 

Wheatley, and Walt Whitman 

•• 

Prose selections (45), poems (175), 

plays (2), essays (25) 


•• 

Footnotes to define and explain 


•• 

Comprehension and discussion 

questions after selections 

•• 

Character-building quotations 

and verses 

•• 

Introductory paragraphs for 

interest and background info 

•• 

Author biographies 

•• 

Literary terms defined and 

explained throughout 

•• 

Glossaries of literary terms and 

vocabulary-building words 

•• 

Unit reviews 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 




• 


•• 


•• 

Be able to identify significant quotations and the selections in 

which they are featured 

•• 


•• 

Further develop writing skills 

•• 

Study various literary forms: short story, essay, novel, narrative 

poetry, and descriptive poetry 

•• 

Study meaning and use of literary terms and devices such as 

theme, plot, imagery, figurative language, aphorism, character 

analysis, conceit, dialect, epitaph, local color, pun, realism, rhetorical 

devices, and understatement 

•• 

Study the development of plot, theme, setting, and character(s) in 

short stories, essays, and classical works of literature 

hhStudy historical backgrounds and writing techniques to better 

understand American literary periods 



hhRead entire novel: The Scarlet Letter 

•• 


•• 



•• 



•• 


•• 



•• 

Learn to analyze literature while studying selections 

•• 

Comprehend and appreciate the basic elements of a work of 

literature 

•• 

Learn to appreciate the rhyme, rhythm, and figurative language of 

poetry 

hhDevelop a greater understanding and appreciation for American 

culture and heritage 

123

® 

18310501 


English 


Grade 12 

WORKBOOK VI for Handbook o f GRAMMAR & Composition 

for 

GRAMMAR 

omposition 

C 

English 12 is designed to incorporate a program of English literature, composition, grammar, vocabulary, 

and outside reading into a senior-level English class. The study of grammar is not stressed in the 

senior year as much as in earlier years because of the extensive background that students should have 

gained from previous study; however, grammar is still taught briefly each day. Grammar instruction 

includes correcting homework exercises from Workbook VI for Handbook of Grammar and Composition 

and briefly presenting new material from Handbook of Grammar and Composition. 

´2?%!ß¨ 


•• 


Evaluation 

•• 


•• 

Tests (8), mid-semester tests (2) 

•• 


•• 

Compositions: 

•• 

Essays (5) 

•• 

Argumentative essay 

•• 

Oral book reviews (2) 

•• 

Vocation project 

•• 


•• 

Paragraphs, book reviews 

•• 

Character sketch, original poem 

•• 

Extemporaneous compositions, résumé 

•• 

Extemporaneous description 

•• 

Descriptions, narrative, extended definition 


Grammar 

•• 

Capitalization: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Punctuation: 

•• 

End marks: 

•• 

Period for declarative sentences, abbreviations, indirect 

question, and polite request 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Commas: 

•• 


clauses 

•• 

To indicate: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Semicolons: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Joined by transitional words 

•• 

Joined by coordinating conjunction if clauses already 

contain commas 

•• 


•• 

Colons: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Between: 

•• 

Independent clauses when second clause further explains 

first one 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Italics: 

•• 

For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Hyphens: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

To enclose: 

•• 

Titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and other parts 

of books or magazines 

•• 

A quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at the 

beginning of each paragraph and at the end of the last 

paragraph 

•• 

Apostrophes: 

•• 

To form: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


used as words 

124 




Grammar cont. 

• 

• Dashes: 

•• 

After a series of words or phrases giving details about a 

statement that follows 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Parentheses: 

•• 

To enclose: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Brackets: 

•• 

To enclose editorial comments within quotations 

•• 

To replace parentheses within parentheses 

•• 

The sentence: 

•• 


•• 



•• 



•• 


•• 

Finding: 

•• 



•• 


•• 

Subject before its appositive 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Recognizing and diagraming complements: direct object, 

indirect object, objective complement, predicate nominative, 

predicate adjective 

•• 

Fragments and run-on sentences 

•• 

Recognizing and diagraming simple, compound, complex, 

and compound-complex sentences 

•• 


•• 

Unity and coordination 

•• 

Subordination: 

•• 

Choosing what to subordinate 

•• 

Avoiding upside-down, illogical, and excessive subordination 

•• 

Placement of modifiers: 

•• 

Avoid: 

•• 

Squinting modifiers and split constructions 

•• 

Dangling participial phrases 

•• 

Dangling gerund and infinitive phrases 

•• 

Elliptical clauses 

•• 

Pronoun reference 

•• 

Clear and logical construction 

•• 

Parallelism 

•• 

Point of view: 

•• 

Avoid unnecessary shifts in: 

•• 

Subject, voice, and tense 

•• 

Mood, person, number, discourse, and tone 

•• 

Consistency of subject, tense, or voice 

•• 

Clear and effective diction 

•• 

Conciseness 

125 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Verbs: 

•• 

Recognizing action (transitive and intransitive), linking, and 

helping verbs 

•• 


infinitives 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Verb tenses: progressive and emphatic forms 

•• 

When to use the verb tenses 

•• 

Using logical verb tense sequence between clauses and 

between verbals and independent clause 

•• 

Avoiding unnecessary shifts in sentences: in subjects, verb 

tense, voice of verbs 

•• 


•• 

Mood: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Nouns: 

•• 


•• 

Compound, common, proper, and collective 

•• 

Concrete and abstract 

•• 

Substantives 

•• 


•• 

Recognizing and diagraming nouns as predicate nominatives, 

direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, 

direct address, appositives, and objective complements 

•• 

Using parallelism 

•• 

Pronouns: 

•• 

Antecedents 

•• 



•• 

Recognizing reflexive and intensive pronouns 

•• 


•• 

Making pronouns agree with their antecedents: 

•• 

In number and in gender 

•• 

In person 

•• 


•• 

For subjects, predicate nominatives, appositives of subjects, 

appositives of predicate nominatives, appositives to 

subjects, and appositives to predicate nominatives 

•• 

For complements of the infinitive to be 

•• 


•• 


and for appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, 

objects of prepositions and for appositives to direct 

objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions 

•• 

For subjects of infinitives and complements of the infinitive 

to be 

•• 

Possessive case: 

•• 

Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomever 


•• 

Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessive 





Grammar cont. 

• 

• Adjectives: 

•• 

Recognizing and diagraming adjectives: Participles and 

proper adjectives and infinitives as adjectives 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Adverbs: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Nouns as adverbs 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Distinguishing dependent clauses 

•• 


•• 

Prepositions: 

•• 



•• 


•• 


•• 

Conjunctions: 

•• 

Recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordinating 

conjunctions 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Definition 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Nominative absolute and expletives 

•• 

Nominative absolute phrases 

•• 

Word study: 

•• 


•• 

Kinds of dictionaries 

•• 

Selecting a dictionary 

•• 


•• 

Parts of the dictionary 

•• 

Usage and diction: 

•• 

Levels of usage 

•• 

Using correct diction 

•• 

Using clear and effective diction 

•• 

Appropriateness 

•• 

Exactness and vividness 

•• 

Figurative language 

•• 

Gobbledygook 

126 

•• 

Jargon 

•• 

Triteness 

•• 

Wordiness: 

•• 

Sentences beginning with there, it, and this 

•• 

Wordy expressions 

•• 

Redundancies 

•• 

Glossary of diction 

Composition 

• 


• Manuscript form: 

•• 

Abbreviations, numbers, titles 

•• 

Abbreviations in footnotes and parenthetical references 

•• 


•• 

Introducing paragraphs: 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Paragraph development by examples, incidents, reasons, 

comparison and contrast, and combination of methods 

•• 


•• 


transitional expressions, space order, pronoun reference, 

and repetition 

•• 

Paragraph with proper emphasis 

•• 

Essays (6): 

•• 

Essay answer 

•• 

Narrative and argumentative essays 

•• 

Outline: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Extended definition 

•• 


•• 



•• 

Character sketch 

•• 

Critical book reviews: written and oral review 

•• 

Writing letters: 

•• 


•• 

Business: 

•• 

Letter parts, order letter, request letter, complaint letter, 

and letter to a government official 

•• 

Letter of application, résumé 

•• 


•• 

Planning the paper: 

•• 

Selecting subject 

•• 

Finding sources: encyclopedia, periodical databases, Essay 

and General Literature Index, published bibliographies 

•• 

Writing bibliography cards 

•• 

Making a preliminary outline 

•• 

Taking notes: writing note cards, avoiding plagiarism 

•• 


•• 


•• 



•• 


capitali zation and punctuation 


Fifth Edition 




• 

• Research paper cont.: 

•• 

Typing the paper: 

•• 

General information 

•• 

Formatting pages: title page, pledge page, outline page, 

first page, and succeeding pages 

•• 

Inserting footnotes or endnotes 

•• 

Additional guidelines: 

•• 

Abbreviations in citation entries 

•• 

Ellipsis marks in quotations 


•• 

Block quotations 

•• 

Documentation for research paper: 

•• 

Parenthetical citations 

•• 

Endnotes and footnotes 

hhVocation project: writing a questionnaire cover letter and 

conducting an interview 

•• 

Typing instructions 

Vocabulary, Poetry Grade 12 

latent 

facetious 

banal entrepreneur 

precursor 

pensive 

averse criterion idiosyncrasy inane 

Knowing and using a selection of choice vocabulary words gives high school students an advantage, 

whether it is in a job interview, on a college entrance exam, or simply in meeting today’s expectations for 

expression and communication. Mastering the vocabulary words in Vocabulary, Poetry VI will help students 

in their writing, speaking, and reading comprehension. Many of the words are taken from English Literature. 

Students will study the antonyms and synonyms included with the definitions and learn prefixes, root words, 

and suffixes, expanding their vocabulary even further. Students will also memorize ten poems throughout 

the year. The students will benefit from reciting and memorizing poetry. 

juxtapose esoteric 

feasible 


•• 

Vocabulary lists (12): 

•• 

Total words and definitions (144) 

•• 

Organized by word origin or by 

roots, prefixes, and suffixes 

•• 

Practice exercises (100) including: 

•• 

Pretest over vocabulary words and 

their meanings 

•• 



•• 


•• 

Pronunciation, etymology, part of 

speech 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Greek and Latin roots and 

meanings (100) 

•• 

Guidelines for solving analogy 

questions 

•• 

Index includes vocabulary words; 

prefixes, roots, suffixes; synonyms 

antonyms 


Evaluation 

•• 

Weekly quizzes (8) 

•• 



•• 

Poetry quizzes: written (9), 

oral (1) 


hhMaster vocabulary words and definitions 

• 

•• 


• 

• 


• Master 48 prefixes, 100 roots, and 48 suffixes 

• Learn more than 1,000 synonyms, antonyms, and related words for 

vocabulary words 

•• 

Analyze word meanings based on their prefixes, roots, and suffixes 

•• 

Develop ability to solve analogy questions 

•• 

Apply spelling and phonics concepts through teacher-directed oral 

practice and independent written practice 



• 

• 

•• 


• 

•• 


• 

• 

• 

• 

• Develop appreciation for poetry 






• Use proper punctuation in writing and reciting poems 

127

10845601 

FOURTH EDITION 



´*tX!K¨ 

Classics for Christians 

English Literature presents a chronological study of English literature from the Anglo-Saxon period 

to the Modern Age (twentieth century). Classics such as Beowulf, The Importance of Being Earnest, 

Pride and Prejudice, Paradise Lost, Robinson Crusoe, David Copperfield, and The Canterbury Tales 

were chosen not only for their literary value but also for their character development. Students will 

learn about a variety of literary genres and will further analyze literature through in-depth studies of 

a tragedy, an allegory, and a novel. In order to help students visualize the works and time periods 

they are studying, English Literature contains a variety of illustrations and photographs of English 

people, places, and art. 


•• 

105 authors, including well-known 

writers such as Elizabeth Barrett 

Browning, Geoffrey Chaucer, Daniel 

Defoe, Charles Wesley, and Oscar 

Wilde 

•• 

Prose selections (24), poems (221), 

plays (4), essays (13), devotional 

works (7), and sermon (1) 


•• 

Footnotes define and explain 


•• 

Comprehension and discussion 

questions after selections 

•• 

Character-building quotations and 

verses 

•• 

Introductory paragraphs for interest 

and background information 

•• 

Author biographies and literary 

terms 

•• 

Glossary of literary terms 

•• 

Unit reviews 

•• 

Introduction to each literary period 

describing literary characteristics of 

that age 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 




• 

• Develop skills in reading comprehension 

•• 


•• 



•• 


•• 

Further develop writing skills 

hhStudy various literary forms: lyric and epic poetry, drama, allegory, 

Romantic and Victorian poetry, and modern fiction 

•• 

Study meaning and use of literary terms and devices such as theme, 

plot, imagery, figurative language, analogy, aside, caesura, carol, 

comic relief, exemplum, idyll, kenning, madrigal, metonymy, ode, 

rondeau, scop, currealism, and terza rima 

•• 

Study historical backgrounds and writing techniques to better understand 

each literary period 

hhStudy the development of plot, theme, setting, and character(s) in 

short stories, essays, and other notable works of English literature 



• Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and dis- 

hhRead entire works: The Pilgrim’s Progress and Macbeth 

•• 


• 

cussion questions 

•• 



•• 


•• 



•• 

Learn to analyze literature while studying selections 

•• 

Comprehend and appreciate the basic elements of a work of literature 

•• 

Learn to appreciate the rhyme, rhythm, and figurative language of 

poetry 

128

14840701 

7 

® 

® 


® 

® 

Traditional MATH SERIES 

Mathematics 

Basic Mathematics Grade 7 

Grade 7 

´.t'!#¨ 

Basic Mathematics is the capstone of arithmetic studies. Students must solidify their skills 

in arithmetic and be confident, competent operational problem solvers before moving on to 

algebra. 

Basic Mathematics builds on the foundation set in grades 1–6 by the incremental review and 

practice of whole numbers, fractions, decimals, ratios, percents, and measurements. Students 

continue to practice their arithmetic skills by applying them to finances and mathematics in 

daily life. Units on statistics, algebra, plane and solid geometry introduce students to higher 

mathematics. 

Word problems and the Problem Solving Strategies feature ensure that students can apply 

their mathematical skills to everyday situations, and it encourages them to connect varying 

types of mathematical knowledge. Skills development exercises and abundant practice 

problems help students to work quickly and accurately. 

Evaluation 

•• 

Quizzes (34) 

•• 

Skills development 


•• 

Tests (8) 

•• 


•• 

Semester exam 

•• 

Final exam 


Numbers 

•• 

Place value: 

•• 

Whole numbers to the 100 billions’ place 

•• 

Decimals to the millionths’ place 

•• 

Writing numbers up to 100 billions 

•• 

Terms: notation, numeration, prime numbers, composite numbers 

•• 

Reading numbers 

•• 

Rounding: whole numbers, money, decimals 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Rules for forming Roman numerals 

•• 

Prime numbers 

•• 

Eratosthenes sieve 

hhPrime pair, reciprocal 

•• 

Composite numbers 

hhNumber line 

• 

• 

• Signed numbers: 

• Reading and writing, zero as a reference point 

hhAbsolute value, comparing, adding, subtracting, multiplying, 

dividing 

•• 

Using number sense 

Addition 

•• 


•• 

Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, compound measures 

hhSigned numbers with and without a number line 

•• 

Checking by addition and by casting out 9s 

•• 

Mental arithmetic 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Arithmetic progression 

•• 

Word problems 

hhPrinciple: distributive 

•• 

Axiom 

Subtraction 

•• 


•• 

Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, compound measures 

hhSigned numbers 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Word problems 

•• 

Axiom 


•• 

Terms: factors, partial product, product 

•• 

Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, compound measures, 

by powers of ten 


•• 

Checking by reversing factors and by casting out 9s 

•• 

Recognize symbol: · (raised dot) 

•• 


•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Word problems 

•• 

Factors: 

•• 

Finding common and greatest common factor 

•• 

Prime factors 

•• 

Prime factoring: 

•• 

Division by primes 

•• 

Factoring tree 

•• 

Least common multiple 

hhFactorial 

•• 

Axiom 

Division 

•• 

Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient, remainder 

•• 


•• 

Whole numbers, fractions, decimals 


•• 

By powers of ten 


•• 

Checking by multiplying and by casting out 9s 

•• 

Divisibility rules 

•• 

Divisors: 4 digits 

hhDivision with end zeros 

•• 


•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Word problems 

•• 

Axiom 

129 

Basic Mathematics cont. p. 130

Mathematics 

Basic Mathematics cont. 

Fractions 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Reducing 

•• 

Types: 

•• 

Proper, improper, mixed 

hhComplex 

•• 


•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Word problems 

hhSimplifying complex fractions 

• 

• Changing fractions to decimals and decimals to fractions 

Decimals 

•• 

Place value to the millionths’ place 

•• 

Mixed 

•• 


•• 

Comparing 

•• 


•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Word problems 

•• 

Rounding 

•• 

Money 

•• 

Multiplying and dividing by powers of ten 

•• 

Changing fractions to decimals 

•• 

Terminating, repeating 

•• 

Nonterminating and nonrepeating 

•• 

Converting repeating decimals to fractions 

Ratios 

•• 

Terms: antecedent, consequent 

•• 


•• 

Equivalents 

•• 

Word problems 

Proportions 

• 

• Terms: means, extremes 

•• 


•• 

Finding missing terms 

•• 

Word problems 

Percents 

•• 

Recognize symbol: % (percent) 

•• 

Reading and writing: 

•• 

Percent as a fraction, decimal 

•• 

Decimals as a percent 

•• 

Fractions as a percent 

•• 

Subtracting from 100% 

•• 

Percents over 100% and under 1% 

•• 

Percents ending in fractions 

•• 

Word Problems 

•• 

Finding: 

•• 

Percentage of a whole number, money 

•• 

Percents when given percentage and base 

•• 

Percent of increase and decrease 

130 

•• 

The base when given percentage and percent 

•• 

Discounts 

hhCommission, rate of commission, amount of sales 

•• 

Percent given as more or less than 

Measures 

• 

• Metric prefixes 

•• 

Length: 

•• 


•• 



hhBiblical: cubit, span, finger, fathom 

•• 

Capacity: 

•• 

English: teaspoon, tablespoon, fluid ounce, cup, pint, quart, gallon, 

peck, bushel 

•• 


hhBiblical: log, hin, bath, ephah, homer, cor 

•• 

Time: second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, leap year, 

decade, score, century, millennium 

•• 

Weight: 

•• 


•• 


kilogram 

hhBiblical: shekel, dram, menah, gerah, talent, mince, litra 

hhMetric-English approximate relationships 

•• 

Converting measures within the same system 

hhConverting measures between English and metric systems 

•• 

Compound measures: 

•• 

Adding, subtracting, multiplying 

hhDividing 

•• 


•• 

English: square inches, square feet, square yards, acres, square miles 

•• 

Metric: square centimeters, square meters, hectares, square 

kilometers 

•• 

Timed mastery 

Money & Finances 

hhBiblical: shekel, mite, dram, pence, farthing, talent, gerah 

•• 

Banking: checking and savings account 

•• 

Budgeting 

• 

• Borrowing money 

hhInsurance: life, health, homeowners, automobile 

hhTaxes: income, sales 

hhIncome: salary, commission, piecework, tip 

•• 

Purchasing electricity and natural gas 

Graphing, Statistics, & Probability 

• 

• Graphs: 

•• 

Bar, pictograph, line, circle, rectangle 

hhHistogram 

hhStatistics: range, mean, median, mode 

•• 

Finding probability 

•• 

Scale drawing: finding distance on maps 

Grade 7 


Basic Mathematics cont. p. 131

Mathematics 

Basic Mathematics cont. 

Pre-Algebra 

•• 

Algebraic expressions: 

hhTerms, reading and writing 

•• 

Operational order, equations 

•• 

One- and two-step equations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, 

and division axioms 

hhUsing algebra to solve word problems 

•• 

Terms: 

hhVariable 

•• 

Base, exponent, root 

hhMonomial, binomial, trinomial, polynomial 

hhFormulas expressed on tables and graphs 


hhComparing, adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing 

hhAbsolute value 

•• 

Square roots: 

•• 

Radical sign, perfect square 

hhExtracting the square root 

•• 

Evaluating algebraic expressions 

hhDistributive principle 

hhCombining like terms 

hhSolving equations after simplifying 

hhEliminating fractions in equations 

Mathematical Geography 

• 

• Time: 

•• 

Table of time: second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, leap 

year, decade, score, century, millennium 

•• 

Prime Meridian, International Date Line 

hhTime zone conversions 

•• 

Daylight Savings Time 

•• 

Longitude and latitude, degrees 

•• 

Temperature: 

•• 

Thermometer, degrees 

hhClimate zones: torrid, temperate, frigid 

•• 

Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to Celsius 

hhTemperature and altitude: finding the drop in temperature 

Geometry 

• 

• Plane Geometry: 

•• 

Symbols and definitions: 

•• 

Point, line segment, congruent, line, ray, angle, vertex 

•• 

Right angle, intersecting lines, perpendicular lines, parallel lines, 

plane 

•• 

Geometric plane shapes: 

•• 

Simple closed shape, similar shapes, congruent shapes 

•• 

Polygon, triangle, quadrilateral, parallelogram, rectangle, square 

•• 

Rhombus, trapezoid, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon 

•• 

Perimeter of rectangle, parallelogram, square, triangle 

•• 

Area: 

•• 

Of rectangle, square, parallelogram, triangle 

hhOf trapezoid 

•• 

Angles: 

•• 

Right, acute, obtuse, straight, in a circle 

•• 

Measuring, constructing, and bisecting angles 

•• 

Triangles: right, isosceles, equilateral, sum of angles 

•• 

Using a compass and protractor 

•• 

Constructions: 

•• 

Angles, bisecting angles 

hhPerpendicular lines 

hhUsing algebra in geometric problems 

•• 

Circle: 

•• 

Center, radius, diameter, arc, semicircle, angle, vertex, degree 

•• 

Circumference using diameter and radius formulas 

•• 

Area 

hhSolid geometry: 

hhSolid figures: rectangular solid, cube, triangular prism, square pyramid, 

cylinder, cone, sphere 

hhFormulas for finding surface area of rectangular solid, cube, square 

pyramid, cylinder 

hhFormulas for finding volume of rectangular solid, cube, square pyramid, 

cylinder, cone 

Trigonometry 

hhTerms: hypotenuse, legs, sine, cosine, tangent 

hhPythagorean rule: finding length of hypotenuse and legs 

hhFinding the sine, cosine, and tangent using the formula and trigonometric 

ratios chart 


• 

Grade 7 



•• 

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions, decimals 

•• 

Money, averages, proportions, percents, measures, time, graphs 

hhEquations, trigonometry 

•• 


•• 

One- to four-step problems 

hhChoosing the better method 

hhSimplifying the problem 

hhReading a chart 

hhUsing algebra and formulas 

•• 

Writing and solving a ratio 

•• 

Applications 

•• 

13 Multi-step Problem Solving Strategies: 

•• 

Percent: 

•• 

Discount 

hhCommission 

•• 

Simple interest, profit, and loss 

•• 

Measures 

hhAdjusting recipes 

•• 

Banking: checking and savings accounts, budgeting, borrowing 

money, installment buying 

hhInsurance: life, health, homeowners, automobile 

hhTaxes: income, sales 

hhIncome: salary, commission, piecework, tip 

hhComparative shopping: unit pricing 

•• 

Purchasing electricity: current, kilowatt, reading electric meter 

•• 

Purchasing natural gas: cubic feet, reading gas meter 

•• 

Scale drawings: maps 

•• 

Time: time zones 

hhGeometry 

131

14709501 

8 

® 

® 

Mathematics 

Grade 8 

Pre-Algebra Grade 8 

´.f¡!A¨ 

Pre-Algebra completes the span of study between elementary arithmetic and the more 

advanced study of mathematics at the high school level. It not only provides mathemati cal 

tools for daily practical use, such as banking, graphs, statistics, and measurements, but is an 

excellent introduction to algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. Many links from arithmetic 

to algebra are highlighted throughout the book. 

Frequent word problems and the Problem Solving Strategies feature ensure that students 

can apply their mathematical skills to real-life situations. The problems and strategies also 

encourage them to connect varying types of mathematical knowledge. 

Evaluation 

•• 

Written quizzes (34) 

•• 


excercises (57) 

•• 

Tests (8) 

•• 


•• 

Semester exam 

•• 

Final exam 


Numbers 

•• 

Place value 

•• 

Terms: notation, numeration, whole numbers, prime, composite, 

natural (counting) numbers, integers, rational and irrational 

numbers 

•• 

Order of operations 

•• 

Rounding: whole numbers, decimals 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Rules for forming Roman numerals 

•• 

Number sentences: 

hhGreater than and less than 

•• 

Order of operations (with and without parenthesis) 

•• 

Signed numbers 

hhScientific notation 

Addition 

• 

• Terms: addend, sum 

•• 


signed numbers with and without a number line 

hhPrinciples: 

hhCommutative, associative, identity 

•• 

Distributive 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 


•• 

Word problems 

Subtraction 

• 

• Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference 

•• 


signed numbers with and without a number line 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 


•• 

Word problems 


• 

• Terms: factors, product 

•• 

Recognize symbols: x (multiplication sign); · (raised dot) 

•• 

Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, by powers of ten, compound 

measures, signed numbers including two or more factors 

hhPrinciples: 

hhCommutative, associative, identity 

•• 

Distributive 

•• 

Factors: 

•• 

Common and greatest common factor 

•• 

Prime factoring: division by primes 

•• 

Common and least common multiple 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 


•• 

Word problems 

Division 

• 

• Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient 

•• 


•• 

Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, by powers of ten, compound 

measures, signed numbers 

•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 


•• 

Word problems 

Fractions 

• 

• Terms: numerator, denominator 

•• 

Types: mixed number, proper, improper, complex 

•• 

Equivalent 

•• 

Reducing 

•• 


•• 

Simplifying complex fractions 

•• 

Changing fractions to decimals and decimals to fractions 

•• 

Word problems 

Decimals 

• 

• Reading and writing 

•• 

Place value to the ten millionths’ place 

•• 

Types: mixed, terminating, repeating, nonterminating, nonrepeating 

•• 

Comparing, rounding 

•• 


•• 

Changing decimals to fractions, fractions to decimals 


•• 

Timed mastery 

•• 

Word problems 

132 

Pre-Algebra cont. p. 133

Mathematics 

Pre-Algebra cont. 

Ratios & Proportions 

• 

• Ratios: 

•• 

Terms: antecedent, consequent 

•• 


•• 

Reducing and equivalents 

•• 

Word problems 

•• 

Proportions: 

•• 

Terms: means, extremes 

•• 

Finding missing terms by cross multiplication 

•• 

Word problems 

Percents 

• 

• Recognize symbol: % (percent) 

•• 

Writing decimals as percents 

•• 

Percents less than 1% and more than 100% 

•• 

Percent given as more or less than 

•• 

Finding: 

•• 

The percentage, percent, and base using decimal methods 

hhThe percentage, percent, and base using ratio methods 

•• 

Percent of increase and decrease 

•• 

Discount, rate of discount, sale price, commission, rate of commission 

hhPercent of profit and loss based on cost and on selling price 

Measures 

• 

• Linear: 

•• 


•• 



•• 

Biblical: reed, cubit, span, finger 

•• 

Capacity: 

•• 

English: teaspoon, tablespoon, fluid ounce, cup, pint, quart, 

gallon, peck, bushel 

•• 

Metric: milliliter, centiliter, deciliter, liter, decaliter, hectoliter, 

kiloliter 

•• 

Biblical: homer, ephah, cor, bath, hin, log 

•• 

Weight: 

•• 


•• 


kilogram 

•• 

Biblical: talent, menah, shekel, dram 

•• 

Time: 

•• 

Second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, leap year, 

decade, century, millennium 

•• 

Time zones 

hhSpeed: formula to compute speed, distance, and time 

•• 

Money: 

•• 

Biblical: talent of pure gold, talent, menah, shekel, pence, 

farthing, mite 

•• 


•• 

English: square inches, square feet, square yards, square miles, 

acres 

•• 

Metric: square centimeters, square meters, hectares, square 

kilometers 

hhCubic measures: 

hhEnglish: cubic inches, cubic feet, cubic yards 

hhMetric: cubic centimeters, cubic meters 

•• 

Temperature: 

•• 

Degree 

•• 

Fahrenheit and Celsius: freezing and boiling points of water and 

normal body temperature 

•• 

Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to Celsius 

•• 

Temperature zones 

•• 

Compound measures: adding, subtraction, multiplying, dividing 

•• 

Converting measures within the same system and from metric to 

English and English to metric 

•• 

Metric-English approximate equivalents 

Algebra 

•• 

Terms: 

•• 

Variables 

hhNumerical and literal coefficients 

•• 

Terms, polynomial, monomial, binomial, trinomial, base, exponent 

hhSurd 

•• 

Like and unlike terms 

•• 

Reading and writing algebraic expressions 

•• 

Adding and subtracting like terms 

•• 


•• 

Evaluating algebraic expressions 

hhMultiplying monomials, polynomials by monomials, 

polynomials by polynomials 

hhDividing monomials, polynomials by monomials 

•• 

Equations: 

•• 

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division axioms 

•• 

Eliminating fractions 

hhEliminating decimals 

hhUsing algebra to solve word problems 

•• 

Formulas expressed by tables and graphs 

•• 

Signed numbers: 

•• 

Zero used as reference point 

•• 

Signs of operation and direction 

•• 

Absolute value 

•• 

Comparing, adding and subtracting with and without the number 

line, multiplying, and dividing 

•• 

Evaluating algebraic expressions with signed numbers 

•• 

Combining like terms with signed numbers 

•• 

Square root: 

•• 

Terms: radical sign, radicand, index, principal square root, perfect 

square 

•• 

Extracting the square root 

hhSimplifying irrationals 

•• 

Word problems 


• 

• Terms: data, statistics, rank, range, graph 

•• 

Graphs: 

•• 

Pictograph, bar, line, circle, rectangle, histogram 

•• 

Scale drawing and finding distance on maps 

•• 

Statistics: mean, median, mode 

•• 

Probability: 

hhFormula 

hhProbability of independent data 

Grade 8 


133 

Pre-Algebra cont. p. 134

Mathematics 

Pre-Algebra cont. 

Business Mathematics 

• 

• Terms: employers, employees 

•• 

Income: salary, hourly, piecework wages, commission, tips, gross 

pay, net pay 

•• 

Taxes: 

•• 

Income 

hhProperty 

•• 

Sales 

•• 

Budget 

•• 

Banking: 

•• 

Check, deposit slip, balancing checkbook 

hhReconciling monthly statements 

•• 

Borrowing money: 

•• 

Simple interest, installment buying 

hhConstant ratio formula 

hhCompound interest formula 

hhBuying bonds and stocks 

•• 

Insurance: life, health, fire, automobile 

Geometry 

• 

• Models and symbols: 

•• 

Point, line, line segment, ray, angle, parallel lines, perpendicular, 

right angle 

hhSimilar to, congruent to, arc 

•• 

Triangle 

•• 

Plane geometric figures: 

•• 

Curve, closed curve, simple closed curve, polygon, triangle 

•• 

Quadrilateral, parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus, square, 

trapezoid 

•• 

Pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, circle 

•• 

Lines: 

•• 

Line, line segment, ray, intersecting, perpendicular 

hhSkew 

•• 

Angles: 

•• 

Terms: sides, vertex, degree 

•• 

Types: 

•• 

Right, acute, obtuse, straight 

hhReflex, central 

hhAdjacent 

•• 

Congruent 

hhVertical, complementary, supplementary 

•• 

In a circle 

•• 

Measuring, constructing 

•• 

Using a compass and protractor 

•• 

Circle: 

•• 

Terms: 

•• 

Center, radius, diameter, arc, semicircle 

hhChord 

•• 

Triangles: 

•• 

Types: 

hhAcute, obtuse 

•• 

Right, equiangular, equilateral, isosceles 

hhScalene 

•• 

Similar, congruent 

•• 


•• 

Angles, bisecting angles 

hhLine segments, congruent angles 

hhLine perpendicular to a given line segment, parallel lines 

hhTriangles when given length of three sides, given two angles 

and included side and, given two sides and the included angle 

•• 

Perimeter: polygon, rectangle, square, triangle 

•• 

Circumference: formulas when given diameter or radius 

•• 

Area: rectangle, square, parallelogram, triangle, trapezoid, circle 

•• 

Geometric solid shapes: 

•• 

Prism, rectangular prism, cube, triangular prism, pyramid, 

square pyramid, cylinder, cone, sphere 

•• 

Surface area: rectangular prism, cube, square pyramid, cylinder 

•• 

Volume: rectangular prism, cube, square pyramid, cylinder, cone 

Trigonometry 

• 

• Terms: hypotenuse, legs, sine, cosine, tangent 

•• 

Pythagorean formula: to find length of hypotenuse and legs 

•• 

Finding sine, cosine, tangent using formulas and trigonometric 

table 


• 

Grade 8 



•• 

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, rounding, fractions 

•• 

Decimals, ratios, proportions, measures, percent, time, graphs 

•• 

Statistics, probability, maps, commission, gross pay 

•• 

Net pay, taxes, budget, interest 

hhBuying stocks and bonds 

•• 

Insurance, geometry, trigonometry 


•• 

One-, two-, and three-step problems 

•• 

Applications: 

•• 

Making change, unit pricing, percent of discount, commission 

hhProfit, loss 

•• 

Measures, time zones 

hhWind chill factor 

•• 

Banking: 

•• 

Writing checks, filling out deposit slips, balancing a checkbook 

hhReconciling monthly statements, buying stocks and bonds 

•• 

Insurance, taxes 

•• 

Mental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction, 

multiplication, and division with up to 18 numbers 

•• 

13 Multi-step Problem Solving Strategies 

134

Mathematics 

Algebra 1 Grade 9 

Grade 9 

Algebra is an extension of arithmetic, and the concepts and procedures of arithmetic are 

used as the foundation upon which the study of algebra is built. Algebra supplies the 

language and patterns of reasoning used in the sciences and other branches of knowledge. 

Algebraic axioms are used to form and solve equations. 

Algebra 1 uses mathematical ideas in solving problems ranging from everyday applications 

to applications in the physical and biological sciences. 

Supplementary Exercises 

•• 

Progress test, improvement test, and test 

for high rank at end of each chapter 

•• 

Exercises at end of text: 

•• 

Graphing, addition and subtraction, 

parentheses 

•• 

Multiplication, division, special cases in 

multiplication, factoring 

•• 

Fractions, equations involving fractions 

•• 

Ratios and proportions, formulas 

•• 

Exponents and radicals, quadratic equations 

•• 

General review, general review tests, final review 

Evaluation 

•• 

Quizzes (57) 

•• 

Tests (8) 

•• 


• 

• Semester exam 

•• 

Final exam 


Introductory Processes 

• 

• Using letters, notation 

•• 

Making algebraic statements from words, solving word problems 

Algebraic Numbers 

•• 

Terms, coefficients, factors, variables 

•• 

Products: 

•• 

With multiple factors 

hhWith signed factors 

•• 

Monomials, binomials, trinomials, polynomials 

•• 

Combining terms, exponents 

hhDegree of a term 

•• 

Order of operation: addition and subtraction, multiplication 

and division, parentheses 

Graphs 

•• 

Number line, scale, reading graphs 

hhHorizontal and vertical axes 

•• 

Bar graphs, circle graphs 

hhCurved-line graph 

•• 

Broken-line graph, line graph 

Formulas & Equations 

•• 

Used to make a table, an arithmetic rule 

hhUsed as an algebraic statement 

hhGraphing, variables, constants, functions 

hhSubstituting values 

•• 

Solving: 

hhUniform motion 

•• 

Velocity 

hhAcceleration, momentum, force, temperature conversions 

hhDegree of a term, degree of an equation 

hhSolving equations 


hhRules for solving equations 

Numbers 

hhAccuracy, significant figures, rounded numbers 

•• 

Positive and negative numbers, absolute value 

• 

• 

• Addition and subtraction using the number line 

• Algebraic sums, prime numbers 

Operations 

hhAxioms: subtraction, division, addition, multiplication, equality, 

substitution 

•• 

Adding and subtracting monomials 

hhAdding and subtracting polynomials 

hhSolving equations, checking solutions 

hhUsing parentheses, grouping terms 

•• 

Product of monomials, monomial and a polynomial, polynomials 

•• 

Division of monomials, a polynomial by a monomial 

hhDivision of a polynomial by a polynomial 


hhRules for operations 

Products 

•• 

Prime numbers 

hhSimilar binomials, binomials with a common term 

hhFOIL, squaring binomials 

hhSum and difference of two numbers 



Factoring 

hhExpressions with a common factor 

hhTrinomials that are products of similar binomials 

hhTrinomials that are squares 

hhDifference of two squares 

hhWhen either square is a square of a polynomial 

hhBy finding prime factors 



135 

Algebra 1 cont. p. 136

Mathematics 

Algebra 1 cont. 

Fractions 

•• 

Review of numeric fractions: 

•• 

Nature of, multiplication of 

•• 

Numerator and denominator 

•• 

Proper and improper fractions, mixed numbers and complex 

fractions 

•• 

Reducing to lowers terms, adding and subtracting 

•• 

Changing mixed numbers to fractions 

•• 

Multiplying and dividing, simplifying complex fractions 

•• 

General principles and terminology 

Algebraic Fractions 

hhReducing, reducing to lowest terms, simplifying 

h 

h Greatest common factor 

hhChanging to: a required denominator, a mixed expression, 

least common denominator 

hhAddition and subtraction, multiplication and division 

hhReciprocals 

hhComplex fractions 

• 

• Clearing equations of fractions 

hhWord problems with fractions 

hhGeneral principles 

Ratios, Proportions, & Variation 

•• 

Definitions, terms 

hhVariable, constant 

h 


h 

h Mean proportional 

h General principles 

Linear Equations 

•• 

Defined 

hhMembers 

hhSolving by inspection, by axioms, roots 

hhAs word statements 

hhGraphs 

hhIntegral and fractional equations, solution of literal equations 



Linear Systems of Equations 

hhGraphing and terms: point of intersection, origin, abscissa, 

ordinate, coordinates, quadrants, axes 

hhGraphs of linear equations 

hhEquations: indeterminate, dependent, independent, simultaneous, 

inconsistent 

hhSolution of linear equations: graphic, algebraic 

hhElimination by addition and subtraction, by substitution 

hhSystems of linear equations 

hhChecking algebraic solutions by graphing 

hhSolving word problems 


Powers & Roots 

hhTerms 

• 

• 

• Squares and square roots: 

• Radical sign, radicand 

hhPrincipal square root, principal root 

hhPowers of number raised to a power, positive numbers, a 

product, fractions, polynomials 

hhRoots of numbers, of monomials 

•• 

Square root of a polynomial: 

•• 

By extraction 

hhBy estimation 

hhCube roots by factoring 

hhUsing a calculator to find powers and roots 


Exponents & Radicals 

•• 

Notation, radical, radicand 

hhOrder of an expression 

•• 

Numbers with: 

• 

• Exponent of zero 

hhA negative exponent, a fractional exponent 

hhGraphic representation of second order radicals 

hhRational and irrational numbers 

hhSimplifying radical expression, reducing radical expressions 

hhReducing the index of a root, reducing radicals to the same order 

hhRadicals: addition and subtraction, multiplication and division, 

finding powers 

hhRationalizing a denominator 


Quadratic Equations 

hhFirst degree and quadratic equations 

Grade 9 


hhGraphic solution of quadratic equations: parabolas and a 

minimum point 

hhAlgebraic solution of incomplete quadratic equations 

hhFormulas 

hhAlgebraic solution of complete quadratic equations 

hhSolving by completing the square, using the quadratic formula 

hhMiscellaneous quadratic equations 



Geometry 

•• 

Isosceles triangle, square, rectangle, cube, parallelogram, 

trapezoid 

•• 

Circle, right triangle, regular polygon, rectangular solid, cone 

•• 

Pyramid, cylinder of revolution, sphere 

136 


Mathematics 


Geometry cont. 

•• 

Perimeter, area, volume, Pythagorean theorem, altitude 

•• 

Circumference, diameter, radius 

•• 

Similar figures 

hhProportional lengths, areas 

hhProportional areas and volumes of similar solids 

Trigonometry 

• 

• Vertex, angle, degrees, types of angles 

•• 

Protractor and types of triangles 

hhSum of the angles of a triangle 

•• 

Pythagorean theorem 

•• 

Similar figures: 

•• 

Relationships of corresponding sides 

hhRelationships of corresponding angles 

•• 

Trigonometric ratios: 

•• 

Tangent, sine, and cosine 

hhAngles of elevation and depression 

hhSpecial triangles: 30°-60°-90°; 45°-45°-90° 

•• 

Solving right triangles 

•• 

Using a table 

hhInterpolation of values of a function using a table 

•• 

Using a calculator 

Grades 9–10 


Algebra 2 Grade 10 

Algebra 2 presents a thorough review of elementary algebra and will help the student acquire 

important manipulative algebraic skills. Students will develop self-reliance and confidence in their 

accuracy by repeated insistence on the checking of algebraic solutions. The students’ understanding 

of the algebraic concepts will advance to prepare them for further study in mathematics. 


•• 

Progress test and improvement text at end of 

each chapter 

•• 

For Experts Only test at end of most chapters 

•• 

Historic character interest stories: Robert 

Recorde, Sir Isaac Newton, René Descartes, 

Leonhard Euler, Albert Einstein 

•• 

Algebra in Action—Interest Scenarios: Kinetic 

Energy, Medicine, Air Resistance and Bicycles, 

Rope Strength, Hull Speed, Is it likely to rain? 

Evaluation 

•• 

Quizzes (46) 

•• 

Tests (8) 

•• 


• 


•• 

Final exam 


Introductory Review 

•• 

Words as algebraic expressions 

•• 

Terms and symbols 

•• 

Number line 

•• 


•• 

Addition and subtraction of polynomials 

•• 

Equations involving addition and subtraction 

hhInequalities involving addition and subtraction 

•• 

Word problems 

•• 

Multiplication and division of polynomials 

•• 

Special cases of multiplication 

hhSynthetic division 

•• 

Special cases of division 

•• 

Solving equations and literal equations 

hhSolving inequalities 

•• 

Algebraic representation 

•• 

General principles 

137 


Mathematics 


Factoring 

•• 

Review factor, prime factor, monomial factors 

•• 

Perfect square trinomials 

•• 

Difference of two squares 

hhSum or difference: of two cubes, of the same odd powers 

hhDifference of even powers of two numbers 

• 

• Quadratic trinomial, general quadratics 

hhPolynomials with common polynomial factors 

hhMaking a perfect square trinomial for factoring 

hhApplying by solving equations 


Rational Expressions & Equations in One Variable 

hhSigns in fractions 

hhRational numbers and expressions 

hhEquivalent fractions 

hhLowest term 

hhReducing a fractional algebraic expression 

hhLeast common denominator of algebraic fractions 

hhAddition and subtraction of algebraic fractions 

hhMultiplication and division of algebraic fractions 

hhComplex algebraic fractions 

hhEquations in one variable: 

hhRoot of, extraneous root 

hhRational and non-rational 

hhLinear form 

hhClearing equations of fractions 

hhLiteral equations 

hhFormulas of 


Coordinate Geometry 

hhGraphs: 

• 

• Coordinate plane 

hhx-axis, y-axis, origin 

•• 

Abscissa, ordinate 

•• 

Rectangular coordinates, quadrants 

hhx-intercept, y-intercept 

hhUsing graphs to solve word problems 

•• 

Graphing linear equations by table 

hhGraphing linear equations by slope-intercept form 

hhGraphing linear inequalities 

hhSlope: 

hhFrom two points 

hhVariation, undefined 

hhPerpendicular and parallel lines 

hhDistance between two points 

hhPythagorean theorem 

hhMidpoint 

hhEquation of a line using two points, point-slope form 

Variation & Dependence 

hhVariables: independent, dependent 

•• 

Constants, functions 

•• 

Domain, range 

•• 

Ratios 

•• 

Proportions: 

•• 

Means, extremes 

• 

• Fundamental law of proportions 

hhVariation: 

hhDirect, inverse 

hhApplied to geometric solids 

hhIn construction of formulas 

hhEmpirical formulas 

hhGraphs of variation 


Systems of Equations 

•• 

Simultaneous equations: elimination by addition and subtraction, 

by substitution 

•• 

Systems of literal equations 

hhWith three unknowns 



Powers & Roots 

•• 

Power 

•• 

Root: 

•• 

Index of 

hhOdd or even root 

•• 

Square, cube 

hhReal, imaginary 

•• 

Principal 

hhBinomial theorem 

hhPascal’s triangle 

hhFinding the r th term of an expansion of (a + b) n 

•• 

Square root of a polynomial 

hhFinding roots by factoring 

•• 

Finding powers and roots using a calculator 



Exponents, Radicals, & Imaginary Numbers 

•• 

Exponent theory: general principles, zero, negative values, 

Grade 10 


fractional values 

hhOperations 


•• 

Reduction of radicals: radicand, order, rational and irrational 

numbers 

•• 

Reducing radicals to the same order 

•• 

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of radicals 

138 


Mathematics 


Exponents, Radicals, & Imaginary Numbers cont. 

•• 

Rationalization: 

hhFactors 

• 

• Denominators 

hhConjugate 

•• 

Powers of radicals 

hhRoots of radicals 

hhApplications 

hhRadical equations 

hhImaginary and complex numbers: 

hhFundamental property of imaginaries, powers of i 

hhGraphic representation, standard form 

hhNumber theory: natural numbers, fractions, positive and negative 

numbers 



Quadratic & Higher Equations 

•• 

Quadratic equations: 

•• 

Defined 

hhCoincident and imaginary roots 

•• 

Minimum points 

•• 

Solving incomplete and complete quadratics: 

•• 

Factoring, completing the square, quadratic formula 

•• 

General direction 

•• 

Literal equations 

hhRadical equations leading to quadratics 

hhEquations in quadratic form: 

hhGraphing: 

hhCircles 

• 

• Parabolas 

hhEllipses, hyperbolas 

hhSystems of equations 

hhSolving systems of equations involving quadratics 

hhThe nature of roots of quadratics: discriminant, real or imaginary, 

equal or unequal 

hhSolving polynomials of degree three or greater: 

hhZeros, factor theorem, graphs, imaginary factors 

hhFactors of n th order polynomials 



Logarithmic, Exponential, & Rational Functions 

hhIntroduction: 

hhLogarithms, base 

hhCommon logarithms, natural logarithms 

hhCalculators 

hhConverting between exponential and logarithmic form: 

hhExponential equations 

hhLogarithmic equations 

hhDomain and range of logarithmic functions 

hhLogarithm properties: products, quotients, powers 

hhAntilogarithms: original number, calculators 

hhApplications: decibels, star magnitude, the pH scale 

hhExponential functions: 

hhForm, graphs, asymptotes 

hhDomain and range 

hhSimple and compound interest 

hhSolving exponential and logarithmic equations 

hhGraphs 

hhRational functions: vertical and horizontal asymptotes 

hhGeneral properties 

Trigonometry 

• 

• Angle properties 

•• 

Measuring tiny angles: minutes and seconds 

•• 

Triangle properties: 

•• 

By angle measure 

hhSum of angles 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• Pythagorean theorem, similar triangles 

• Trigonometric functions: 

• Of acute angles 

• Of special angles: 

• 30°-60°-90° triangle 

• 45°-45°-90° triangle 

• Triangle solutions 

• Angles of elevation and depression 

• Function values using a calculator 

hhOf non-acute angles 

hhLaw of sines, cosines 


Statistics & Probability 

• 

• Measures of central tendency: 

•• 

Mean, median, mode 

•• 

Bimodal, multimodal 

hhMeasures of dispersion: range, standard deviation 

•• 

Normal distribution, frequency distribution 

• 

• Histogram 

hhCounting, permutations, and combinations: theory and formulas 

•• 

Probability of a single event 

hhMutually and non-mutually exclusive events 

•• 

Probability of multiple events: 

•• 

Independent events 

hhDependent events 

Grade 10 


139

Mathematics 

Consumer Mathematics Grade 10 

Grade 10 

No student studying Consumer Mathematics is tempted to ask, Why do I have to learn this? No 

other math course is as clearly related to knowledge and skills that are a must for every person. 

Percents, proportions, fractions, decimals, word problem skills, and many other concepts are fun 

to learn in the practical setting of buying a car, food, house, clothing, insurance, etc. 

Consumer tips are given frequently, but most importantly, biblical principles are highlighted 

throughout the text. 


•• 

Analytical Skills Problem Solving Scenario 

within each chapter 

•• 

Skills and Review Exercises Workbook 

to be used simultaneously with the text 

for homework and review: 

•• 

Daily practice exercises for maintenance 

of basic mathematics skills 

•• 

Unit and exam review exercises 

Evaluation 

•• 

Quizzes (35) 

•• 

Tests (8) 

•• 


• 

• Semester exam, final exam 

•• 

Skills development exercises (optional—12) 


Buying a Car 

hhCost of a car: warranty, trade-in, options, advertisements, 

taxes and fees, registration and rates 

hhFinancing: installments, installment charge, carrying charge, 

contract 

hhDepreciation: average annual depreciation, rate of depreciation 

•• 

Insurance: 

•• 

Liability 

hhBodily injury, property 

•• 

Collision, comprehensive 

hhDeductible, premium 

hhMaintenance and repair: owner’s manual, service manual, trunk 

essentials 

hhAnnual operating cost 

hhLeasing: 

hhOpen-ended lease, closed-ended lease 

hhLessee, lease agreement 


Travel 

•• 

Times zones: prime meridian, international date line 

hhBy train or bus, renting a car 


Income 

•• 

Hourly wages, straight time, overtime, time and a half, piecework 

wages 

•• 

Employers, employees 

hhTime clocks 

hhIncentive bonus 

•• 

Tips, salary 

•• 

Commission: rate of commission, amount of sales 

hhSelf-employment, fees 

•• 

Gross income, net income 

•• 

Deductions: 

•• 

Federal income tax 

hhSocial security tax, FICA 

•• 

Gross pay, net pay, take-home pay 


Budgeting 

hhTime budget 

• 

• 

• Circle graph: steps in preparing, protractor 

• Household budget: 

hhItemizing to estimate expenses 

hhBalancing the budget, trial budget 

hhBudget adjustments 

hhStandardized budgets 

hhDisposable income 


Housing 

hhRenting versus buying: security deposit 

•• 

Mortgage loans: 

• 

• Principal, balance 

hhMortgage loan schedule 

•• 

Property tax 

hhAssessed value, market value 

hhTax rate: as a percent, amount per $100, per $1,000, in mills 

•• 

Homeowner’s insurance: 

hhTenant’s policies 

hhRepairs and upkeep 

hhFurnishing costs 

•• 

Purchasing electricity: kilowatt-hour, electric company rates, 

reading the electric meter 

•• 

Purchasing natural gas: gas meter, cubic foot, hundred cubic 

feet, natural gas rates 

hhOther utility expenses: water rates, wastewater rates 

140 

Consumer Mathematics cont. p. 141

Mathematics 

Consumer Mathematics cont. 

Housing cont. 

hhTelephone rates: local service, long distance 


Food 

hhBuying food 

hhGrocery shopping tips 

•• 

Reading graphs 

• 

• 

• Unit price, using unit price 

• Conversion equivalents 

hhInflation 

hhConsumer price index 

hhCost of living: 

hhCities ranked by cost of groceries 

hhRange statistic 

• 

• 

• Circle graph 

• The metric system: conversions 

hhRestaurant eating: table service, fast food, chain, franchise, 

franchiser, eating-out tips, junk food 

hhFood freezers 

hhSaving food dollars: coupons 

hhFood labeling and nutrition 

hhU.S. Food and Drug Administration 

hhMeasuring calories: 

hhCalorie, kilocalorie 

hhCalorie need: based on age, on occupation 

hhCalorie content of selected foods 

•• 

Using calories 

hhBalanced diet 


Clothing 

hhClothing plan 

hhBuying clothing by mail: shipping charges 

hhStretching the clothing budget: clothing quality, care 

hhSewing your own clothing 

•• 

Buying clothing on sale: 

• 

• Discount 

hhList price 

•• 

Rate of discount 

hhConsumer price index for clothing 

hhPrice changes 

• 

• 

• 

• Profit and loss in the clothing business: 

• Cost, selling price, gross profit, net profit, overhead, loss 

• Selected business formulas: gross profit, net profit, loss 

hhOperating statement: net sales, gross profit, net profit 

hhMarkup on cost, finding selling price based on markup on cost 

hhMarkup on retail price, finding cost based on markup on retail 

hhManufacturer’s cost: wholesale price, total factory cost, factory 

overhead, cost of a garment 


Leisure 

hhTaking a vacation 

hhShopping 

hhEnjoying the computer: 

hhProgram, programmer, microcomputer, history of, analog 

computers, digital computers 

hhBit, binary, conversions 

hhCooking: 

•• 

Recipes: conversions, adjustments 

hhReading books: 

•• 

Roman numerals in copyright 

hhChurch activities 


Federal Taxes & Records 

hhSocial security tax 

• 

• Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA) 

hhMedicare 

•• 

Federal income tax 

•• 

Progressive tax 

hhW-4 form 

•• 

Exemptions, dependents 

hhWithholding allowance 

hhIncome tax return: 

•• 

W-2 form 

hh1040 EZ, 1040A, 1040 

hhJoint return, separate return 

hhHead of household 

•• 

State income tax: 

hhSample state tax rates 

hhCash records: 

hhAudited 

hhCash receipt record, cash payment record 

hhComparing receipts and payments: deficit 

hhCash payment records 


Banking 

• 

Grade 10 


• Electronic transfer 

•• 

Demand deposit 

•• 

NOW accounts, super-NOW accounts, money-market accounts 

•• 

Depositor 

•• 

Monthly service charge 

•• 

Bank balance 

141 

Consumer Mathematics cont. p. 142

Mathematics Grade 10 

Consumer Mathematics cont. 


Banking cont. 

• 

• ATM, PIN 

•• 

Deposit slips 

•• 

Writing checks: 

•• 

Check stubs, register 

hhOverdraft 

•• 

Reconciling the bank statement: 

•• 

Canceled checks 

hhOutstanding checks 

hhBorrowing money: 

hhPromissory note, signature loan, unsecured loan, collateral, 

secured loan 

•• 

Interest: simple interest, principal, rate of interest, time 

•• 

Installment plans: finance charge, percent of interest 

•• 

Constant ratio formula 

•• 

Credit cards: 

hhActive, credit line 

hhSavings account 

•• 

Compound interest: 

hhExponent, base 

hhCertificates of deposit, savings bonds, series EE savings 

bonds, maturity date 

hhRelated bank services: safety deposit box, cashier’s check, 

certified check, traveler’s checks, debit card, online banking 


Investments 

• 

• Life insurance: 

•• 

Rider, term insurance, lifetime insurance, endowment insurance 

•• 

Straight life, limited payment life, premiums 

hhLife insurance benefits: 

• 

• Cash value 

hhBorrowing, extended term, accelerated death benefit, dividend 

hhLife insurance settlement options: 

hhLump sum payment 

hhAnnuity: fixed amount, fixed number of years, lifetime, guaranteed 

life annuity 

•• 

Buying bonds: 

•• 

Bondholder, par value, premium, discount, broker, brokerage 

fee 

hhWall Street Journal, quoted price, net change 

hhInterest paid on bonds: annual yield 

hhProceeds from bonds: 

hhAccrued interest 

hhUsing a calculator 

•• 

Buying stock: 

hhLiquid money 

•• 

Common stock, preferred stock, dividends, par value 

hhNo-par stock 

• 

• Market price 

hhPrice to earnings ratio, net change 

hhThe stockbroker: 

hhRound lots, odd lots 

hhNo-load stocks 

• 

• Brokerage fees for stock 

•• 

Dividends from stock: 

hhCash dividends, stock dividends 

hhCapital gains and losses on sale of stock: 

hhBull market, bear market 

hhCapital gain, capital loss 


Small Business 

hhBeginning a small business: 

hhEntrepreneur 

hhCapital, owner capital, creditor capital 

hhStandard business ratio 

hhExpenses, assets and liabilities, resources 

hhNet worth 

hhOwner’s equity 

hhBalance sheet: 

hhCurrent assets, fixed assets 

hhCurrent liabilities, fixed liabilities 

hhHorizontal format 

hhBalance 

hhRatio analysis: current ratio, quick ratio, acid-test ratio 

hhIncome statement: 

hhNet profit, net loss 

hhPercent analysis 

hhRatios related to sales: 

hhAverage collection period 

hhInventory turnover 

hhAverage daily sales, annual sales 

hhPayroll record: employees’ quarterly federal tax returns 

hhBreak-even point analysis: fixed costs, variable costs 

hhTrade discounts: 

hhList price, gross selling price 

hhChain discount 

hhTrade credit: percent of discount, discount period, net, credit 

period, invoice dates, E.O.M 

•• 

Storage and inventory: 

•• 

Volume 

hhInventory 


142

Mathematics 

Plane Geometry Grade 11 

Grade 11 

Plane Geometry teaches students how to use known facts to verify the truth of additional facts, to 

solve geometric problems, and to use deductive reasoning for drawing correct conclusions. Students 

learn to think naturally, logically, and systematically whenever they encounter a proof to write, a construction 

to make, or a problem to solve. They are then equipped throughout life to perform such tasks 

as determining which car is the better buy or identifying truth and flaws in politics. 

Topical Interest Essays 

•• 

Geometry Past and Present; Geometry and the 

Pyramids 

•• 

Euclid, Master of Logic; Geometry and Solomon’s 

Temple 

•• 

Archimedes, Greatest Mathematician of Antiquity 

•• 

Geometry and the Parthenon; Blaise Pascal, 

Inventor, Mathematician, Writer 

•• 

The Golden Ratio; Leibniz, Universal Genius 

•• 

Notre Dame de Paris; Isaac Barrow, Teacher, 

Friend of Isaac Newton 

•• 

Kaleidoscope; Sir Christopher Wren, Mathematician 

and Architect 

•• 

The value of π; Symmetry in Nature 

5 Final Review Exercises 

Quick Reference & Summaries 

•• 

Conversion tables, plane geometry notation and 

formulas 

•• 

Basic mathematics axioms, geometry principles, 

postulates, and informal statements 

•• 

Theorems and corollaries, properties of 

proportions, transformations 

•• 

Constructions, proof methods, factual summaries 


Evaluation 

•• 

Quizzes (50) 

•• 

Tests (8) 

•• 


• 


•• 

Final exam 

Introduction to Geometry 

•• 

Geometry defined 

hhPrinciples, informal statements, axioms, postulates 

•• 

Fundamental definitions: equal segments, midpoint, trisection 

•• 

Angles: 

•• 

Equal, bisector 

hhPerigon 

•• 

Straight angle, adjacent, right, perpendicular lines, acute, 

obtuse, reflex 

hhOblique 

•• 

Complementary, supplementary, vertical 

•• 

Measuring angles; degrees, minutes, seconds; protractor; compass 

•• 

Triangle: 

•• 

Defined, vertices, base, exterior angle 

hhOpposite interior angle, median 

•• 

Altitude, scalene, isosceles, equilateral, acute, obtuse, right, 

equiangular, sum of angles 

•• 

Polygon: 

•• 

Defined 

hhBase, adjacent sides, diagonal, convex, concave, sum of angles, 

regular, center 

•• 

Circle: 

•• 

Defined, center, circumference, diameter, radius 

hhChord, arc, semicircle, quadrant 

•• 

Congruence: 

•• 

Defined 

hhCorresponding parts 

•• 


•• 

Perpendicular bisector, angle bisector, angle 

•• 

Perpendicular at a point 

143 

hhPerpendicular from a point 

• 

• Triangle given three sides, one side and adjacent angles, two 

sides and included angle 

hhOptical illusions, deduction 

•• 

Euclid’s Elements 

hhNumeric applications 

Rectilinear Plane Figures 

•• 

Demonstrative proof: defined, demonstrated, given, prove, analysis, 

proof, theorem, corollary 

•• 

Triangles congruent by: 

•• 

SAS 

hhLL 

•• 

ASA 

hhLA 

•• 

SSS 

hhHA, SAA, HL 

•• 

Triangle sides-angles relationships: 

•• 

Isosceles triangle, equilateral, equiangular 

hhExterior-exterior angle, opposite sides-angles 

hhAuxiliary lines, direct and indirect method of proof 

• 

• Parallel lines 

hhParallel postulate and corollary 

hhTransversal formed 

hhAngles formed, angle relationships 

hhProving lines parallel 

•• 

Proving angles equal, supplementary, complementary 

•• 

Triangle relationships: 

•• 

Sum of angles 

hhExterior-opposite interior angles 

Plane Geometry cont. p. 144

Mathematics Grade 11 

Plane Geometry cont. 


Rectilinear Plane Figures cont. 

hhAcute angles of right triangle 

hh30°-60°-90° 

hhUnequal lines and angles, perpendicular lines, triangles with 

unequal lines and angles 

hhDistance defined between two points, two lines, a line and a 

point 

•• 

Parallelograms and quadrilaterals: 

•• 

Defined, base, altitude, rhombus, rectangle, square 

hhRelationships of sides, angles, diagonals, shapes formed 

hhProving a quadrilateral is a parallelogram 

hhSegments intersected by parallel lines 

•• 

Trapezoid: 

•• 

Defined, legs 

hhMedian 

•• 

Altitude 

hhIsosceles 

•• 

Polygons: 

•• 

Defined 

hhSum of exterior angles, sum of interior angles 

hhEach angle measure, formulas 

hhConcurrent lines of a triangle: 

hhDefined, altitudes 

hhAngle bisectors, perpendicular bisectors of sides, medians 

hhProof reasoning methods (critical thinking skills): analytic, synthetic, 

general method 

hhInequality axioms 


The Circle 

•• 

Relationships of equal arcs, central angles, and chords; 

unequal arcs, central angles, and chords; chord distances from 

center 

•• 

Diameter-chord relationships, perpendicular relationships 

•• 

Inscribed and circumscribed polygons 

•• 

Tangent lines and relationships, common tangents 

•• 

Tangent and intersecting circles, common chord, concentric 

circles 

•• 

Measuring angles and arcs, inscribed angles, semicircles 

•• 

Angles formed by combinations of chords, tangents, secants 

•• 

Constructions and proofs: 

•• 

Reviewed 

hhBisect arc 

•• 

Parallel lines 

hhDivide a line into n equal parts 

hhCircumscribe a circle, inscribe a circle, tangent to a circle 

hhCircle from various givens, triangle from various givens 

hhLocus: 

hhDefinitions and drawings 

hhFundamental locus theorems: 

hhEquidistant and given distances from various points 

hhIntersecting and parallel lines 

hhCenters of circles tangent to a line, etc. 

•• 

Intersecting loci 

• 

• General directions for constructions 

Proportions & Similar Polygons 

•• 

Definitions: ratio, antecedent, consequent, proportion, 

extremes, means 

hhFourth proportional 

•• 

Mean proportional 

hhThird proportional, continued proportion 

•• 

Fundamental properties: product of means and extremes, writing 

proportions 

hhLike-powers axioms 

•• 

Finding a mean proportional 

hhTransformations: alternation, inversion, addition, subtraction, 

like powers 

hhProportional segments: by parallel lines, by angle bisectors 

• 

• Similar polygons, corresponding sides 

hhCorresponding angles, ratio of similitude 

hhProving triangles similar aaa, aa, sas, ll, sss 

hhProportional line proofs: in triangles, with parallel lines, in right 

triangles, in circles 

hhPythagorean theorem proved 

hhSimilar polygons: 

hhProportional sides, perimeters, diagonals, corresponding 

lengths 

hhSimilarity of corresponding triangles 

hhConstruction of proportional segments and polygons: fourth 

proportional, a given proportional, mean proportional 

hhProjection 


Surface Measurement 

•• 

Defined, equal figures, constant, variable 

hhLimit 

• 

• Area mensuration formulas for rectangle, square, parallelogram, 

triangle, trapezoid 

hhArea proportions for rectangle, square, parallelogram, triangle, 

trapezoid 

hhAreas of similar triangles and similar polygons 

• 

• Pythagorean theorem: 

hhBy areas of squares, by area of similar polygons 

hhConstruction of equal non-similar shapes 

hhTransforming plane figures 


Regular Polygons & Circles 

•• 

Defined 

hhInscribed and circumscribed, chords, tangents, midpoints 

hhInscribed and circumscribed circles 

hhAngle at center of n-gon 

hhRatios regarding similar polygons: perimeters, corresponding 

sides, areas, radii, apothems 

•• 

Area formula 

hhCircle proportions 

hhFormulas to measure: 

•• 

Circumferences, radii, diameters 

•• 

Pi 

144 

Plane Geometry cont. p. 145

Mathematics 

Plane Geometry cont. 

Regular Polygons & Circles cont. 

hhArc length using angles in degrees 

hhSectors, segments, similar sectors and segments 

hhConstructions: inscribing a square, regular polygons 

hhNumeric applications including 30°-60°-90°, 45°-45°-90° 

Trigonometry 

•• 

Defined 

hhGraphic solutions 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Grade 11 


• Right triangle solutions 

• Sine, cosine, tangent, ratios, functions of angles in degrees 

• Interpolation, angles of elevation and depression 

• Numeric applications 

Business Mathematics Grade 11 

Business Mathematics introduces secondary students to beginning accounting procedures and 

gives valuable insight into the world of investments. At the same time, the course reviews and 

expands students’ understanding of basic mathematic principles, concepts, and skills. Students 

use arithmetic, algebra, and geometry as tools to make better financial decisions and to gain an 

understanding of the workings of business. 

The excellent balance of skills practice and problem solving meets the needs of the varying 

abilities of the students. Students increase their understanding of good investment practices 

and the stock market. The daily Basic Mathematics Practice Exercises review the fundamentals 

of mathematics while challenging the students with interesting word problems and concepts 

that may be new to them. These exercises require students to apply and connect various types 

of mathematical knowledge. Bible principles regarding finance are set forth throughout this 

textbook. 

Evaluation 

•• 

Quizzes (34) 

•• 



•• 

Tests (8) 

•• 


•• 

Semester exam 

•• 

Final exam 


Stewardship 

• 

• Keeping money records 

•• 

Accounting, bookkeeping 

•• 

Cash receipts and payment records 

•• 

Terminology: 

•• 

Addends, sum, minuend, subtrahend 

•• 

Difference, multiplicand, multiplier 

•• 

Product, factor, dividend, divisor, quotient 

•• 

Assets, liabilities, capital: 

hhAccounts receivable, accounts payable 

•• 

Creditor 

hhAccounting equations 

•• 

Balance sheet 

•• 

Income, cost of goods sold, operating expenses 

•• 

Profit, loss: net sales, gross profit, equations 

hhCorporation: average owner’s equity, return on equity 

•• 

Income statement 

•• 

Debits and credits: 

•• 

Assets, liabilities, capital 

•• 

Income, cost of goods, expenses 

hhJournal, double-entry bookkeeping system, debit entry, 

credit entry, “T” accounts 

hhGeneral journal: debit and credit entries and totals 

hhGeneral ledger: chart of accounts 

hhPractical exercise application problems 



hhUnit review 

Managing Your Business 

• 

• Ratio analysis: 

•• 

Ratio, antecedent, consequent 

•• 

Current ratio, quick ratio 

hhLiquidity of assets, current liabilities 

•• 

Percent analysis: 

•• 

Percent, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating 

expenses, net profit 

•• 

Proportion, means, extremes, algebraic axioms 

hhAverage collection turnover: 

•• 

Average daily sales, equations 

•• 

Inventory turnover: 

•• 

Cost of goods sold, average inventory 

•• 

Amount of sales, average inventory 

145 

Business Mathematics cont. p. 146

Mathematics 

Business Mathematics cont. 

Managing Your Business cont. 

• 

• Break-even point: 

•• 

Fixed costs, variable costs 

hhGraph analysis 

•• 

Parallel lines, intersecting lines, coordinate plane 

•• 

Review of mathematical order of operation 

hhFormula 

•• 

Trade discount: list price, net price, percentage 

•• 

Trade credit: percent of discount, discount period, credit 

period, E. O. M 

•• 

Storage and Inventory: 

•• 

Volume, congruent 

•• 

Cube, edges, rectangular solid, cylinder, cone 

•• 

Conversion factors: 

•• 

Time, English linear, liquid, dry, weight, metric 

•• 

Metric-English 




hhUnit review 

Investment 

• 

• Reading the stock exchange table 

•• 

Principal, dividends: 

•• 

Fraction, denominator, numerator, mixed number 

•• 

Greatest common factor, prime number, composite 

number 

•• 

Least common denominator, improper fraction 

•• 

Absolute value, cancellation, reciprocal 

•• 

Stock market 

•• 

Buying and selling stock: 

hhStock certificate 

•• 

Stockbrokers 

hhStock exchange, New York Stock Exchange 

•• 

Market value 

•• 

Mixed decimal, whole number, decimal, terminating decimal, 

repeating decimal 

•• 

Capital gain, capital loss 


• Certificate of deposit (CD): simple interest formula, per- 

hhStock market game: log sheets, money market fund 

• 

cents 

•• 

Savings account: 

hhFDIC 

hhFinding the principal: ending-balance method, minimumbalance 

method, daily-interest method 

hhReal estate: things to be aware of, rate of income, annual 

net income, cash investment 

hhCorporate bonds: 

hhBondholder, face value, par value, premium, discount, 

quoted price 

hhAnnual yield, annual interest, selling price 

hhMutual funds: investment portfolio, prospectus 

•• 

Compound interest 

•• 

Real return on an investment: 

•• 

Inflation, taxes 

hhExpected gross return, expected after-tax return, 

expected real return 



hhUnit review 

Income Taxes 

•• 

Earning a living: 

hhEducation, years with a business, responsibility 

• 

• Salary, hourly, commission, piecework, tip, overtime, 

regular pay, bonus 

•• 

Deductions: 

•• 

Gross pay, net pay 

•• 

FICA, social security tax 

hhMaximum taxable income 

•• 

Inflation 

•• 

Income tax return: 1040EZ, employee’s withholding, allowance 

certificate, W-4 form, dependents, W-2 form, 1040A, 

1040, tax audit 

•• 

State income taxes: sample rate table 

•• 

Sales tax 

•• 

Property tax: 

•• 

Assessed value, property tax rate, market value, assessed 

value 

•• 

As a percent, amount per $100, per $1,000, in mills 

hhCorporate income tax: corporation, taxable income, annual 

gross income, deductions, graduated tax 




hhUnit review 

Banking 

• 

• Checking records: 

•• 

Balance, deposit slip, currency, transit number 

•• 

Finding percent of increase or decrease 

•• 

Checks and register: 

•• 

Steps for writing a check 

•• 

Bouncing a check, poor credit risk 

•• 

Bank statement 

hhRC, OD 

•• 

Canceled check, outstanding check 

hhOutstanding deposit, reconcile 

•• 

Electronic banking: electronic funds transfer, automatic 

teller, PIN, debit card 

hhLoans to small businesses: 

hhSingle-payment loans, term, maturity value 

hhDiscount loan, proceeds, installment loan, amount 

financed 




hhUnit review 

Grade 11 


146

Mathematics 

Precalculus Grade 12 

Grade 12 

The purpose of Precalculus is to teach the student how to select and apply various 

techniques to solve mathematical problems in a skillful, systematic, and logical manner. 

Students will learn the underlying principles of trigonometry and interrelationships of lines 

and functions with graphical and analytical problem-solving techniques from a study in 

analytical geometry. The study culminates with an introduction to selected calculus topics. 

Topical Interest Essays 

• 

• The History of Pi 

•• 

Distance of travel due to earth’s rotation 

•• 

Mathematics in Astronomy—Eratosthenes’ 

calculation of earth’s circumference 

•• 

Sir Isaac Newton 

•• 

Oscilloscope Measurement of Household Voltage 

•• 

Mathematics in Engineering 

•• 

The Place of Imaginary Numbers 

•• 

Euler’s Formula e i ~ 

+ 1 = 0 

•• 

Missile Guidance Technology 

•• 

Mathematics in Physics—Projectile Motion 

•• 

Mathematics in Biology 

•• 

Summation—A Calculation of Pi 

•• 

The Design of Cylindrical Containers 

•• 

Mathematics in Physics—Fluid pressure on a 

vertical surface 

Evaluation 

•• 

Quizzes (49) 

•• 

Tests (9) 

•• 


• 


•• 

Final exam 


Trigonometry & Analytical Trigonometry 

• 

• Basic trigonometric ratios 

•• 


hhAdvanced trigonometric ratios 

hhTrigonometric functions 

hhSolving trigonometric equations 

•• 

Trigonometric graphs: 

•• 

Intercepts 

hhSymmetry, sinusoid 

hhAmplitude, period, key angles, key points 

hhVertical and horizontal scaling 

hhVertical and horizontal translation 

hhPhase shift 

hhVertical asymptotes 

hhSigns of the functions by quadrant 

hhPeriodic motion: simple harmonic motion, frequency, rotating 

object, suspended object 

hhIdentities: 

hhReciprocal, cofunction, Pythagorean, quotient 

hhNegative angle, double angle, half angle 

hhSum and difference, product to sum, sum to product 

hhVerifying 

hhUsed to find unknown values 

• 

• 

• 

• 

~ 

6 , ~ 4 , etc.) 

• Special angle function values (30°, 45°, etc.; 

• Inverse function values using a calculator 

• Function values: 

• Angles in degrees 

hhAngles in radians 

hhFinding unknown function values 

hhFunction values using the unit circle, line diagrams of function 

values 

•• 

Using a calculator, using right triangles, using special triangles: 

•• 

30°-60°-90° 

•• 

45°-45°-90° 

•• 

90°; ~ 6 - ~ 3 - ~ 2 , ~ 4 - ~ 4 - ~ 2 

hhReducing trigonometric function angles: reference angle, reference 

triangle 

hhRewriting as a cofunction 

Coordinate Geometry 

•• 

Basic review, terminology 

hhTrigonometric Function graphs: 

hhIntercepts, symmetry, sinusoid 

hhAmplitude, period, key angles, key points 

hhVertical and horizontal scaling 

hhVertical and horizontal translation, phase shift 

hhVertical asymptotes 

hhAngles in degrees and radians 

hhGraphing by addition of ordinates 

hhInverse functions, inverse trigonometric functions 

• 

• Intercepts: x-intercept, y-intercept 

hhSymmetry: x-axis, y-axis, origin 

•• 

Domain: 

•• 

Limiting operations 

hhDetermining 

• 

• Complex number plane 

•• 

Points of intersection 

•• 

Distance 

•• 

Slope: 

hhVariation, inclination 

•• 

Parallel and perpendicular lines 

hhAngle between two intersecting lines 

•• 

Straight line: 

hhInclination 

hhDistance to a point 

• 

• Systems of lines 

•• 

Equation forms: 

•• 

Slope-intercept 

hhPoint-slope, two-point, intercept, parallel to axes, general 

• 

• Midpoint 

147 

Precalculus cont. p. 148

Mathematics 

Precalculus cont. 

Coordinate Geometry cont. 

•• 

Parametric equations: 

hhEliminating the parameter 

hhDeveloping equations: Shrödinger’s wave model graph 

hhInvolute of a circle, brachistochrone, cycloids 

•• 

Locus of a point 

hhConic sections: 

•• 

Circle: center, radius 

•• 

Ellipse: 

hhVertexes, foci, major and minor axes, latus rectum, eccentricity 

•• 

Parabola: 

•• 

Vertex 

hhFocus, latus rectum, eccentricity 

hhHyperbola: vertexes, foci, transverse and conjugate axes, latus 

rectum, eccentricity, asymptotes, conjugate hyperbolas 

hhHorizontal and vertical translation, rotation of axes 

hhGraphing in three dimensions: 

hhTraces, cylinders, elements 

hhGraphs: ellipsoid, paraboloid, hyperboloid of one sheet, hyperboloid 

of two sheets, hyperbolic paraboloid, cone 

Polar Coordinates 

hhGraphing techniques 

hhTerminology, conversions 

hhAnalysis techniques: branch tangents at the pole, symmetry, 

determining angles resulting in undefined values 

hhRotation of axes 

hhGraphs: lines, circles, roses, cardioids, limaçons, parabolas 

Angles 

•• 

Angles on the Cartesian plane: 

•• 

In degrees 

hhIn radians 

hhInitial side, terminal side, standard position 

hhQuadrant of an angle, coterminal angles, positive and negative 

angles: in degrees, in radians, conversions 

hhBearing 

hhKey angles for a trigonometric function graph 

•• 

Trigonometric function values: 

hhReference angle by quadrant: in degrees, in radians 

• 

• Special angles: 30°, 45°, etc.; 

Functions 

• 

~ 

6 , ~ 4 , etc. 

• Functional notation 

•• 

Domain and range: 

hhFinding, using inequalities, using intervals, characteristics 

hhFunctions: even, odd, periodic, inverse 

hhHorizontal line test, vertical line test, one-to-one functions 

Triangles 

•• 


hhSolving oblique triangles: 

•• 

Law of sines, law of cosines 

hhThe ambiguous case 

•• 

Using angles of elevation and depression 

•• 

Finding area 

•• 

Right triangle trigonometry 

hhReference triangle 

• 

• 30°-60°-90°, 45°-45°-90°; ~ 6 - ~ 3 - ~ 2 , ~ 4 - ~ 4 - ~ 2 

Complex Numbers 

• 

• Imaginary numbers and basic quantities 

•• 

Standard form 

•• 

Graphing on the complex plane 

Grade 12 

hhMagnitude, argument, trigonometric form, polar form, conversions 

hhMultiplying and dividing complex numbers 

hhFinding roots and powers: De Moivre’s theorem 

Distance 

• 

• Length of an arc: 

•• 

Using degrees 

hhUsing radians 

•• 

Distance between two points: 

•• 

In two dimensions 

hhIn three dimensions 

hhHorizontal and vertical distance 

hhFrom a line to a point 

Vectors 

hhScalar, equal vectors, unequal vectors, negative vector, resultant, 

vector sum 

Regression Analysis 

hhMethod of least squares: general equations for solution 

hhClose-fit curve 

hhSummation notation 

hhPearson-r correlation coefficient 

hhLinear and non-linear data: y = mx + b, y = ae tx , y = ax t , 

y = a + bx + cx 2 ... + mx n 

Introductory Calculus 

hhHistory, limits 


hhFirst derivative of a polynomial: using limits, using the short 

method 

hhSlope using derivatives 

hhSecond derivative of a polynomial: maximum and minimum, 

critical points 

•• 

Rate of change: 

•• 

Average 

hhInstantaneous 

•• 

Velocity: 

•• 

Average 


•• 

Acceleration: 

•• 

Average 


hhAnti-derivative 

hhArea under a curve 

148

History & Geography Grade 7 

World History Grade 7 

History of the World is presented from a conservative, Christian perspective as part of a wellrounded 

program designed to give students a better understanding and a working knowledge of 

the geography of the Eastern Hemisphere. The interesting narrative style of the text and the many 

illustrations, maps, and photographs invite students to explore the past and learn about the people 

behind the events of world history. 

The goal of the text is threefold: first, to show God’s hand in the history of the world; second, 

to emphasize the role of individuals in history; and third, to teach the many lessons that can be 

learned from history. Above all, History of the World emphasizes the providence of God in the 

actions of men. It provides students with heroes to emulate and goals to fulfill by focusing on the 

individuals whose character, initiative, and hard work have made a positive impact on world history. 


•• 


• 

• Highlight important people and events of history 

•• 

Present fascinating facts and intriguing details from 

a Christian perspective 

•• 

Introduce the foundations of history and place 

importance on knowing current history 

•• 

Maps correlating to text (67) 


Evaluation 

•• 

Review quizzes (40) 

•• 

Reading quizzes (19) 

•• 

Current event reports (23; each counts as quiz grade) 

•• 

Geography projects (13; each counts as quiz grade) 

•• 


•• 


Beginning of World History: The Ancient Middle East 

• 

• The beginning: 

•• 

Creation 

•• 

Fall of man: 

hhCain, Abel, Seth 

hhCapital punishment 

•• 

Flood 

•• 

Dispersion 

•• 

From Sumer to Canaan (c. 2300–1700 B.C.): 

•• 

Sumerian civilization 

•• 

Call of Abraham 

•• 

Hammurabi and Babylon 

hhPatriarchs in Canaan 

•• 

Down to Egypt (c. 2300–1400 B.C.): 

•• 

Egyptian civilization 

•• 

Hebrew exodus: 

hhGod’s judgment through the plagues 

•• 

Israel in its land (c. 1500–500 B.C.): 

•• 

Ten Commandments 

•• 

Conquest of Canaan 

hhSamuel 

•• 

David and Solomon 

hhDivision of Israel 

•• 

Phoenicians and Hittites 

New Empires & Cultures 

•• 

Assyria, Babylon, and Persia (c. 800–300 B.C.): 

•• 

Assyrian Empire: 

hhShalmaneser V and Ashurbanipal 

• 

• 

• Chaldean Empire: Nebuchadnezzar 

• Persian Empire: Cyrus the Great: 

hhDarius and the Royal Road 

•• 

Greece (c. 800–300 B.C.): 

•• 

Early Greek civilization: 

hhDorians 

•• 

Homer and the Olympian gods 

hhGreco-Persian Wars 

•• 

Athens and Sparta: 

•• 

Greek politics 

hhPeloponnesian War 

•• 

Alexander the Great 

•• 

Rome before Christ (c. 800 B.C.–birth of Christ): 

•• 

Foundation of Rome 

•• 

Roman republic 

•• 

Punic Wars 

•• 

Julius Caesar 

hhRoman drama 

•• 

Caesar Augustus 

hhMeasuring time 

•• 

Rome after Christ (A.D. 100–500): 

•• 

Gospel of Christ 

•• 

Persecution of early church: 

hhClaudian and Flavian emperors 

•• 

Constantine the Great: 

hhEdict of Milan 

•• 

Fall of Rome 

hhUnderstanding why Rome fell 

149 

World History cont. p. 150


World History cont. 


The Middle Ages & the Distortion of Christianity 

•• 

Early church history (A.D. 100–500): 

hhNew Testament 

• 

• Early church 

hhRise of Roman church and popes 

hhIslam versus Christendom (A.D. 600–1300): 

• 

• Mohammed and Islam 

hhEurope’s Crusades: 

hhChristendom and Islam: checks and balances 

hhFrom empire to feudalism (A.D. 500–1500): 

hhCharlemagne and his empire: 

hhPapal states 

hhTreaty of Verdun 

hhFeudalism 

•• 

Age of Darkness (A.D. 500–1500): 

• 

• Distorted Christianity: 

hhDoctrines of the Roman church 

hhScholasticism 

• 

• 

• Holy Roman Empire 

• Renaissance 

Beginning of the Modern Age 

• 

• Protestant Reformation (c. 1400–1600): 

•• 

Forerunners of the Reformation 

•• 

John Wycliffe and John Huss 

•• 

Inquisition 

•• 

Gutenberg and the printing press 

hhErasmus 

• 

• Martin Luther: 

hhLuther’s reforms 

hhZwingli and Calvin 

hhAnabaptists and Mennonites 

• 

• Post-Reformation Europe (c. 1500–1700): 

hhPeasant’s Revolt 

hhState churches: Peace of Augsburg 

hhCounter-Reformation 

hhThirty Years’ War: Peace of Westphalia 

• 

• Seventeenth-century Europe: 

hhSwiss Confederation 

hhFranks and Capetian Dynasty 

•• 

English nation (c. 55 B.C.–A.D. 1689): 

•• 

Alfred the Great 

•• 

Norman Conquest: 

hhDomesday Book 

hhWitan and the Great Council 

•• 

Plantagenet kings: 

hhHenry II, Richard I, John 

hhMagna Carta and Parliament 

hhHundred Years’ War and Wars of the Roses 

•• 

Henry VIII 

•• 

Scottish and English Reformation 

•• 

Elizabethan Age: Spanish Armada 

hhGreat English Civil War 

•• 

Restoration of the monarchy 

hhGlorious Revolution 

hhAge of Exploration (1275–1865): 

• 

• Time of discovery: Christopher Columbus 

hhEffects of the Crusades 

•• 

New World: Vasco da Gama and Amerigo Vespucci 

•• 

Other nations explore: Portugal, France, England 

•• 

Asia’s mysterious land: India, China, and Japan 

•• 

Modern missions 

•• 

United States (1600–1914): 

•• 

Pilgrims 

hhPhilipp Spener 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• Wesleyan Revival and Great Awakening 

• War for Independence 

• Constitution of the United States 

• Expansion and progress 

• Rise as a world power 

• Revival and missions 

• France in the Modern Age (c. 1500–1850): 

• Huguenots: 

hhEdict of Nantes 

hhReign of Louis XIV 

hhAge of Enlightenment: Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau 

• 

• French Revolution 

hhRobespierre and Reign of Terror 

• 

• Napoleon Bonaparte: 

hhBattle of Nations and Battle of Waterloo 

hhCongress of Vienna 

hhJuly Revolution 

Progress in the Modern Age 

•• 

Science and industry in the Modern Age (c. 1500–1900): 

hhFailures of ancient and medieval science 

•• 

Founders of modern science 

• 

• Darwin and evolution: 

hhUnderstanding evolution’s threat to science 

• 

• 

• Agricultural advancement 

• Industrial Revolution: 

hhInventors and captains of industry 

hhTriumph of capitalism 

hhNew world of classics (16th–20th Century): 

hhAncient and modern classics 

hhMedieval music 

hhPost-Reformation music, art, and literature 

•• 

British Empire: Asia, Africa, and Australia (1800–1921): 

•• 

Victorian Age 

•• 

British Empire: 

hhConflicts of England and Ireland 

•• 

India and the Far East: 

hhSepoy Rebellion 

• 

• Africa: 

hhSlave trade 

hhSamuel Adjai Crowther 

• 

• Australia and Canada: 

hhBritish North America Act 

hhChristianity and charity 

150 




The Twentieth Century 

• 

• World War I and the rise of Communism (c. 1900–1930): 

•• 

Unification of Germany and Italy 

•• 

World War I: 

hhBattles: Verdun, Sommé, Jutland 

hhTreaty of Versailles 

•• 

Czarist Russia 

•• 

Karl Marx and Communism: 

hhCapitalism, socialism, and Communism 

•• 

Bolshevik Revolution 

•• 

Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin: 

hhFive Year Plan 

•• 

Soviet Union 

• 

• Before and during World War II (1920–1945): 

hhAnti-Christian philosophies 

•• 

1920s and the Great Depression 

•• 

Mussolini and Fascist Italy 

•• 

Hitler’s Third Reich: the Holocaust 

hhWorld War II: 

hhBattle of Britain 

•• 

American involvement: Pearl Harbor 

hhWar in Africa 

hhEuropean and Pacific Theater 

hhCold War Era (1945–1991): 

•• 

United Nations 

• 

• 

• Communist takeover of China 

• Korean War: 

hh38th Parallel 

• 

• 

• 

• Communist Cuba 

• Space Age 

• Berlin Wall: 

hhOperation Airlift 

•• 

Modern Middle East: 

hhBalfour Declaration; independence for India and African nations 

• 

• Vietnam Conflict: 

hhGulf of Tonkin Resolution 

•• 

Ronald Reagan 

•• 

Gorbachev’s influence: perestroika and glasnost 

•• 

Collapse of Soviet Union 

•• 

Dawning of a new millennium: 

hhNew World Order 

•• 

Persian Gulf War 

•• 

Bill Clinton 

•• 

NAFTA 

hhEuropean Union 

•• 

South Africa 

hhChanges in technology 

•• 

Toward globalism in the new millennium: 

•• 

9/11 Attack: Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda 

•• 

War on Terror: 

hhTerrorist groups 

•• 

Exploding Asian economies 

hhIsraeli/Palestinian Conflict 

hhAdvancements in technology 

hhEnvironmentalism 

•• 

Political World Changes: 

hhNorth Korea, Pakistan 

hhAfrican Union 

hhIsraeli/Palestinian conflict 

• 

• Economic World Changes: 

hhUnited States’ financial crises 

hhGlobal economy 

hhAsian economies 

Prayer Time 

hhLearn to pray for our nation and for government officials 

Grade 7 


151

97578005 


U.S. History Grade 8 

´£Yp%]¨ 

America: Land I Love presents American history from a conservative, biblical perspective: God 

exalts nations and determines their course in human history. The text promotes the Bible as the 

center of God’s plan. History is the story of individuals to whom God has given the responsibility to 

make choices. 

Unlike secular history textbooks which suggest that material things— economic conditions, geography, 

political circumstances, or genetics—are the main causes in history, America: Land I Love uses 

biographical accounts to illustrate that history traces God’s working through people to accomplish His 

will. Students will also be studying the geography of the Western Hemisphere and federal, state, and 

local government as part of this course. Knowledge of and familiarity with local offices and officials will 

encourage students to use the gift of political expression which is so easily taken for granted in America. 


•• 


•• 

Give in-depth study of people and events of 

history that have shaped the U.S. 

•• 

Promote better understanding of U.S. history 

•• 

Help students see lessons to be learned from 

history and grasp key concepts of U.S. history 

•• 

Lists: states and capitals, the U.S. Presidents 

•• 


Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

States and capitals quizzes (2) 

•• 

Current event reports 

(33; each counts as quiz grade) 

•• 

Geography studies 


•• 

Geography projects 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Civics Activity Book: 

•• 

Study of national, state, and local 

government as information is 

gathered to complete activities 

•• 

Includes history, geography, and 

an overview of the Constitution 


Exploration & Settlement in a New World 

•• 

New World to explore (1492–1682): 

hhGod’s timing in discovery of America 

•• 

Native American heritage 

•• 

Christopher Columbus 

•• 

Defeat of Spanish Armada 

• 

• Spanish and French exploration: 

hhRobert Cavalier de la Salle 

hhSpanish and French legacy 

•• 

First English colonies (1576–1620): 

•• 

English exploration and settlement 

•• 

Jamestown 

•• 

Failure of socialism and benefits of free enterprise 

hhScrooby Congregation in Leyden 

•• 

Pilgrims and Plymouth 

•• 

Representative government: 

•• 

House of Burgesses 

hhGeneral Court 

•• 

Religious freedom 

•• 

New colonies (1620s–1730s): 

•• 

Advance of learning: Harvard College, Ole’ Deluder Satan Act 

•• 

Missionary efforts: 

hhAlgonquin Bible 

hhMayhews 

•• 

Life in Colonial America (1607–1775): 

hhNew England Confederation 

•• 

King Philip’s War 

•• 

Land of diversity in immigration, churches, and social classes 

hhAdvance of learning: schools, apprentices, and universities 

•• 

Agriculture, landholdings, and slavery in the colonies 

hhContributions to science 

hhGovernment in the colonies 

•• 

Preparation for independence (1730s–1766): 

•• 

Great Awakening: 

hhHalf-way Covenant 

hhResults of Great Awakening 

•• 


hhSeven Years’ War 

hhFundamental differences between the colonists and the English 

•• 

British regulations on the colonists: 

hhQuartering Act, Declatory Act 

Birth of the United States 

•• 

Home of the brave (1767–1783): 

•• 

Conflict with England: 

hhTownshend Acts 

hhCommittee of Correspondence 

hhIntolerable Acts 

•• 

Continental Congress: 

hhOlive Branch Petition 

•• 

Declaration of Independence: 

hhRichard Henry Lee 

•• 

War for Independence: 

hhHelp from Europe 

hhHaym Solomon, Molly Pitcher, Benedict Arnold, 

James Armistead 

hhBattle of King’s Mountain 

•• 

Treaty of Paris 

152 

U.S. History cont. p. 153


U.S. History cont. 

Grade 8 


Birth of the United States cont. 

• 

• Land of the free (1783–1800): 

•• 

Articles of Confederation and land expansion 

•• 

Constitutional Convention: 

hhVirginia and New Jersey Plan, Connecticut Compromise 

•• 

Structure and basis of American government: 

hhBalancing of powers 

• 

• 

• 

• Bill of Rights 

• Federalist Era 

• Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams: 

hhCabinet 

hhRise of political parties 

hhJay Treaty and Pickney Treaty 

hhForeign affairs 

hhConstitution of the United States 

Building an American Character 

• 

• From the Appalachians to the Rockies (1770–1828): 

•• 

Daniel Boone 

•• 

Northwest Territory: 

hhTreaty of Greenville 

• 

• Louisiana Purchase: 

hhZebulon Pike 

•• 

War of 1812: 

hhImpressment and Embargo Act 

hhBattles: Tippecanoe, Lake Erie, Thames River, Horseshoe Bend 

hhTreaty of Ghent 

• 

• Acquisition of Florida 

hhMissouri Compromise 

hhMonroe Doctrine 

•• 

Jacksonian Era (1825–1842): 

•• 

President Andrew Jackson: Trail of Tears, suffrage, and abolition 

hhNational Bank 

hhStates’ rights 

hhWhig Party 

hhRelations with Britain 

•• 

Blessings of technology (1825–1865): 

•• 

Improved transportation and communication 

•• 

Agricultural and industrial advancements 

•• 

Christian influence on industry 

•• 

Natural sciences: 

hhLouis Agassiz and James Audubon 

hhMedicine 

•• 

Second Great Awakening and its impact (1770–1860): 

•• 

Circuit riders and camp meetings 

•• 

Charles Finney: Second Great Awakening 

hhCults and false philosophies 

• 

• Evangelism among black and native Americans 

•• 

Beginnings of American missions movement 

hhReform movements 

•• 

Education and culture (1800–1858): 

•• 

American textbooks: Blue-Backed Speller and McGuffey’s Reader 

•• 

Traditional education 

hhPublic education: Horace Mann’s normal schools 

hhRomantic Era: schoolroom poets 

153 

•• 

Promise of the West (1820–1850): 

•• 

Exploration of the West: 

hhJedediah Smith and James Beckworth 

•• 

Evangelism and settlement in the Pacific Northwest 

•• 

Marcus Whitman and the Oregon Trail 

•• 

California and the gold rush: 

hhBear Flag Revolt 

hhWilliam Taylor 

• 

• Texas and the Mexican War: 

hhTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 

•• 

Mexican Cession 

Times of Testing & Triumph 

•• 

Civil War and Reconstruction (1848–1877): 

•• 

States’ rights 

•• 

Slavery: 

hhDred Scott Decision 

• 

• Abraham Lincoln 

•• 

Civil War: 

hhNorth and South differences 

hhAnaconda Plan 

hhBattles: Shiloh, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, 

Chickamauga, Chattanooga 

hhImportant people: Johnston, Farragut, McClellan, Stuart, Pickett, 

Meade 

hhFinancing the war 

hhReconstruction Era 

•• 

Tuskegee Institute: 

•• 

Booker T. Washington and George Washington Carver: 

hhSamuel C. Armstrong 

•• 

Age of Industry (1865–1900): 

•• 

Inventors: Bell, Edison, Carver 

hhWonders of technology: Brooklyn Bridge, Statue of Liberty, 

skyscrapers 

hhCapitalism in medicine 

•• 

Entrepreneurs: 

•• 

Carnegie, Rockefeller 

hhLyman Stewart 

•• 

Gilded Age (1865–1900): 

hhImmigration 

hhEvangelism and social reform 

•• 

Settlement of the Great Plains: 

hhDawes Act, Homestead Act 

hhPopulist Movement 

hhArt of the Gilded Age 

•• 

Growing into greatness (1898–1913): 

•• 

Spanish-American War: 

hhVenezuelan Boundary Dispute, Delôme letter 

hhPlatt Amendment 

•• 

U.S. territorial acquisitions 

hhTeddy Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement 




Grade 8 


Times of Challenge & Promise 

• 

• Into the Twentieth Century (1914–1918): 

•• 

World War I: 

•• 

Selective Service Act 

hhBattles: Cantigny, Marne, Belleau Wood, St. Mihiel, Argonne 

Forest 

hhPeople: Pershing, Rickenbacker, York 

hhFourteen Points 

•• 

Roaring Twenties: 

hhSports and literature 

hhBilly Sunday and Prohibition 

•• 

Evolution: Scopes trial 

•• 

Presidents Harding and Coolidge: 

hhForeign affairs 

hhCharles Lindbergh 

hhRise of big government (1929–1939): 

hhCause of the Great Depression: government intervention 

hhPresident Herbert Hoover 

hhSuccess of private relief 

hhPresident Franklin D. Roosevelt 

hhNew Deal and rise of socialism in America 

•• 

A world at war (1939–1953): 

•• 

Steps to World War II 

hhResults of socialism and evolutionary thought 

•• 

World War II in Europe and Asia: 

hhLend-Lease Act 

hhWar efforts 

hhDoolittle Raid 

hhFighting Red Tails 

•• 

Spread of Communism in Eastern Europe 

•• 

Cold War against Communism begins: 

hhTaft-Hartley Act 

•• 

Korean War: 

hhPusan Perimeter 

•• 

Time for freedom and responsibility (1950–1963): 

hhProgress and prosperity in the 1950s 

•• 

President Dwight D. Eisenhower: 

hhMcCarthy Era 

•• 

Civil rights movement 

hhPresident John F. Kennedy and the New Frontier 

•• 

Troubled times for America (1963–1979): 

hhRebellion in the 1960s 

•• 

President L. B. Johnson and the Great Society: 

hhCivil Rights Act 

•• 

Vietnam War: 

hhTet Offensive 

hhAmerica’s decline in the 1970s 

•• 

Presidents Nixon, Ford, and Carter: 

hhSALT talks 

154 

•• 

Reagan Era and the ‘90s (1980–2000): 

•• 

President Ronald Reagan: 

hhIran-Contra hearings 

•• 

Conservative movement of the 1980s: 

hhThomas Sowell 

•• 

End of Cold War 

•• 


•• 

President George Bush: 

hhGrowing national debt 

•• 

President Bill Clinton: 

hhLiberal agenda 

hhTerrorism threatens America: 

hhAtlanta’s Centennial Park 

hhColumbine High School 

•• 

America’s “Melting Pot” 

•• 

A new millennium (2000–2005): 

hhLast acts of the Clinton Administration 

•• 

Election 2000 

•• 

President George W. Bush 

•• 

“9/11” and the War on Terror: 

hhDepartment of Homeland Security 

•• 

Operation Iraqi Freedom: Saddam Hussein 

•• 

Election 2004: 

hhLaura Bush 

Geography 

•• 

Geography studies featuring fact sheets and political and physical 

maps for the following: 

•• 

Western Hemisphere 

•• 

North America 

•• 

Canada 

•• 

United States (including Washington, D.C., and outlying possessions) 

•• 

Eastern United States 

•• 

Central United States 

•• 

Western United States 

•• 

Pacific United States 

•• 

Mexico 

•• 

Central America 

•• 

West Indies 

•• 

South America 

•• 

Map projects: 

•• 

Western Hemisphere 

•• 

North America 

•• 

The 13 Original Colonies 

•• 

Canada 

•• 

The War for Independence 

•• 

United States: physical 

•• 

Washington, D.C. 

•• 

Eastern United States 

•• 

Central United States 

•• 

Westward expansion 

•• 

Western United States 

•• 

Civil War 

•• 

Pacific United States 

•• 

Mexico 

•• 

Central America 

•• 

West Indies 

•• 

South America 

•• 

United States: political 


16779701 

9 

with 

and 

Neuschwanstein 

Castle, Germany 

IN CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVE Second Edition 

History & Geography Grades 8–9 



Civics 

• 

• A study of national, state, and local government: 

•• 

Symbols 

•• 

Flag etiquette 

•• 

Symbolism of the flag-folding ceremony 

•• 

Patriotic documents 

•• 

The Constitution at a glance 

•• 

Location of states 

•• 

Geography 

•• 

History 

•• 

Government 

•• 

County 

•• 

City/Town 

•• 

State Profiles (for use with State Studies) 

Prayer Time 

• • Learn to pray for our nation and for government officials 

World Geography Grade 9 

´0m£!W¨ 

WORLD GE GRAPHY 

IN CHRISTIAN 

PERSPECTIVE 

POLITICAL 

CULTURAL 

PROFILES 

World Geography presents a physical-cultural study of the earth and mankind from a conservative, 

Christian perspective. Basic to this perspective is the conviction that God is the Creator of the earth 

and of man. By applying to the study of geography their knowledge of the Creation, the Flood, the 

beginning of nations at Babel, and God’s dealing with mankind throughout the ages, students can 

better understand the physical features of the earth as well as the cultures of its people. 

While most geography texts approach world geography from the globalist perspective, World 

Geography in Christian Perspective recognizes and discusses the national identities of individual 

countries. Building on what students have previously learned, this text presents a deeper, more 

thorough study of the religions, languages, customs, historic backgrounds, resources, and industries 

to expand the students’ knowledge of each continent, region, and country presented. 


•• 


•• 

Give in-depth look at the continent being 

studied 

•• 

Present details about the vegetation and 

wildlife of the region 

•• 

Show diversity of the country’s culture and 

spotlight the history of the country 

•• 

Look at heroes of the mission field 

•• 

Explore the wonders of the world, 

concepts to consider, and strategic 

geography of a location 

•• 



Evaluation 

•• 


•• 

Review quizzes (22; includes labeling 12 maps) 

•• 

Map projects (8; each counts as quiz grade) 

•• 

Current events (15; each counts as quiz grade) 

•• 

Tests (4), mid-semester test (1) 

•• 

Final exam 

Introduction to Geography 

hhThe earth: 

hhThe importance of understanding geography in the Christian 

perspective 

hhLocation and topography 

hhWeather and climate 

hhNatural resources and wildlife: 

hhRenewable and nonrenewable resources 

hhMankind: 

hhCulture and the Christian perspective 

hhCultural characteristics: religion, language, forms of government, 

economic systems 

hhThe geographer’s craft: working with and understanding maps, 

statistics, charts, and graphs 

Asia 

hhMiddle East: 

hhFertile Crescent: Cradle of Civilization 

hhArabian Peninsula: Al-Saud family 

hhNorthern Plateaus and Transcaucasia 

hhCentral Asia 

hhSouthern Asia: 

hhIndian subcontinent: Hinduism, Mount Everest, Buddhism 

155 

hhFar East: 

hhChinese sphere: Communism, Great Wall of China, 

Great Silk Road, Taiwan 

hhNortheast Asia: Korean War 

hhSoutheast Asia: Vietnam War, Roman Catholicism 

Europe 

hhMediterranean Europe: Alexander the Great, Greek Orthodoxy, 

Mount Vesuvius, Vatican City 

hhCentral Europe: Gauls, Franks, Protestant Reformation, Berlin Wall 

hhThe Low Countries: Dutch, The Hague, European Union 

hhThe British Isles: Angles, Normans, Church of England, Scottish Highlands, 

the British Empire 

hhScandinavia: Lutheranism, geothermal energy 

hhEastern Europe: Ivan the Terrible, Bolshevik Revolution, USSR, 

Lech Walesa, John Huss 

Africa 

hhNorthern Africa: Sahara, Maghreb, Sahel, French Sahel, Sudan 

hhTropical Africa: Western, Central, and Eastern Africa, hunger and 

disease 

hhSouthern Africa: David Livingstone 

World Geography cont. p. 156

11570301 

10 

History & Geography Grades 9–10 

World Geography cont. 


Australia, the Pacific, & Antarctica 

hhAustralia: Western Plateau, Central Lowlands, Eastern Highlands, 

Uluru Rock, Great Barrier Reef, Abel Tasman, Captain James Cook, 

Matthew Flinders, Australian Gold Rush 

hhThe Pacific: Oceania, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Easter 

Island, Challenger Deep 

hhAntarctica: Vinson Massif, Captain Robert F. Scott, Richard E. Byrd, 

Antarctic Treaty 

North America 

hhCanada: Leif Ericson, “New France,” Henry Hudson, Acadia 

hhUnited States: American Indians, independence 

hhMiddle America: Mexico, Central America, the West Indies 

South America 

hhNorthern Andean countries: Simón Bolívar, Auca Indians, José de 

San Martín, Inca Indians 

hhBrazil and the Guianas: the Amazon, Pedro Cabral, environmentalism 

in the rain forest 

hhSouthern countries 

Geography 

•• 

Geography projects (8) correlating to chapters in text, featuring maps, 

both physical and political, and review questions: 

•• 

Introduction of geography 

•• 

Asia 

•• 

Europe 

•• 

Africa 

•• 

Australia and the Pacific 

•• 

North America 

•• 

South America 

•• 

Nations of the world 

Prayer Time 

•• 

Learn to pray for our nation and for government officials 

´+Y#!E¨ 

World History Grade 10 

World History and Cultures is written and taught from the Christian perspective. Basic to this 

perspective is the conviction that God is the Creator of the universe and the Controller of history. 

Because the focal point of history is the birth of Christ, World History and Cultures takes the view 

that all history is either pointing toward the birth of Christ or looking back to it. Students study how 

God used events before the birth of Christ to prepare the world for His coming. Then, after His 

birth, they trace the impact of Christianity on the events of world history. 

The Christian perspective of World History and Cultures helps students see the sovereign hand of 

God in history, as well as the consequences of man’s choices. The Providence of God has guided history 

for His glory. Yet each person is free to choose whether to obey God and be used by Him, or to 

disobey and suffer the consequences. Thus world history also illustrates the truth of Proverbs 14:34: 

“Righteousness exalteth a nation: but sin is a reproach to any people.” 


•• 


• 

• Provide a framework for understanding the concepts in history 

•• 

Explore language and writing through the ages 

•• 

Give insight to the people and events of history 

•• 



Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Geography map projects (8; each counts as quiz grade) 

•• 


•• 


•• 


Foundations for Studying History 

•• 

Creation versus evolution 

•• 

Capital punishment 

•• 

Beginning of languages, nations, and races: Nimrod and Babel 

Asia and Africa: The Beginning of Civilization 

•• 

Cradle of Civilization: Fertile Crescent and Mesopotamia 

(c. 2300–1800 B.C.): 

•• 

Sumer: 

• 

trade, society, religion 

hhMathematics, government 

hhSettlements: Eridu, Uruk, Ur 

hhGolden Age of Ur, Epic of Gilgamesh 

• Cuneiform, culture, civilization, education, architecture, 

156 

•• 

Middle East (c. 1800 B.C.–A.D. 700s): 

•• 

Old Babylonian Empire: 

•• 

Hammurabi and the law 

hhPlace-value notation, Babylonian Genesis 

•• 

Hittite Empire 

•• 

Assyrian Empire: Tiglath-pileser I, Nineveh 

•• 

New Babylonian Empire: Nebuchadnezzar and Daniel 

•• 

Persian Empire: Cyrus the Great, Darius I, and Xerxes I 

•• 

Israel: Patriarchs, Exodus, Moses, Decalogue, theocracy, David, 

and Divided Kingdom 

hhHebrew and Arabic language 

•• 

Rise of Islam: Byzantine Empire, Constantinople, and Mohammed 




Asia and Africa: The Beginning of Civilization cont. 

• 

• Middle East (c. 1800 B.C.–A.D. 700s) cont.: 

•• 

Missionary efforts: 

hhIon-Keith Falconer and Samuel Zwemer 

•• 

Other Asian cultures (c. 2000 B.C.–A.D. 1800s): 

•• 

India: Indus River, Hinduism, caste system, and Buddhism 

•• 

Ancient Chinese dynasties 

hhChinese language 

• 

• 

• 

• Japan: Shinto religion 

• Egypt—Gift of the Nile (c. 2300 B.C.–A.D. 1700s): 

• History and language: Herodotus and the Rosetta Stone 

hhReligion: Book of the Dead 

hhThebes 

• 

• 

• Old, Middle, and New Kingdom 

• Other African cultures (c. 2300 B.C.–A.D. 1700s): 

hhLand of Phut and Cush 

•• 

Ethiopia: 

• 

• Kingdom of Aksum and Ethiopian Orthodox Church: 

hhPiankhi, Ebed-melech 

• 

• Early Christianity in North Africa: Simon of Cyrene, Tertullian, 

Clement of Alexandria, Athanasius, and Augustine 

•• 

Other empires and kingdoms: 

•• 

Ghana, Mali, Songhai, and Kongo: 

hhMansa Musa and King Ewuare 

Europe: Beginnings of Western Civilization 

•• 

Greece (c. 2000–30 B.C.): 

• 

• Minoans and Mycenaeans 

•• 

Civilization: Homer, Greek gods, city-states, Olympics 

•• 

Greco-Persian Wars: 

hhIonian Revolt, Battle of Plataea 

•• 

Types of government 

hhDraco’s Code 

hhCourt of Areopagus 

hhPeisistratus and Cleisthenes 

•• 

Sparta and Athens: Peloponnesian War 

•• 

Macedonia: 

•• 

Alexander the Great 

hhBattle of Ipsus 

•• 

Classical Greece: 

•• 

Writing and philosophy 

hhHellenic Age, education and architecture, art and science 

•• 

Hellenistic Age: 

hhStoics and Epicureans 

hhLanguage of the New Testament: Koine Greek 

•• 

Rome (c. 753 B.C.–A.D. 476): 

•• 

Early people: 

•• 

Latins, Etruscans, Magna Graecia, Carthage, and Gauls 

hhItalis 

hhSociety: family, religion, education, and government 

•• 

Punic Wars: 

• 

• Hannibal and Scipio 

hhBattle of Cannae 

hhCivil Wars: reforms of Gracchi 

•• 

Pax Romana 

•• 

Emperors: 

•• 

Claudian, Flavian, “Five Good Emperors,” “Barracks 

Emperors,” Diocletian 

hhHadrian’s wall 

•• 

Christian emperor: Constantine I 

•• 

Fall of Rome: 

hhRomulus Augustulus 

hhLegacy of Rome: language, literature, law 

•• 

Early church history (A.D. 30–476): 

•• 

Apostolic church: the New and Old Testaments 

hhPersecuted and imperial church 

•• 

Byzantine Empire (c. A.D. 324–1453): 

hhAge of Justinian: Hagia Sophia, Justinian Code, and 

Theodora 

hhFall of Byzantium 

hhByzantine contributions: Eastern Orthodox, Greek liturgy, 

Byzantine text 

Grade 10 


The Middle Ages: From the Ancient to the 

Modern 

•• 

Dark Ages (c. A.D. 500–1500): 

•• 

Church of Rome: 

•• 

Petrine Theory, Pope Leo I, Gregory I 

hhPatrick of Ireland 

•• 

Doctrine of Romanism 

•• 

Other teachings: John Wycliffe, Vulgate, Peter Waldo, 

Council of Toulouse 

•• 

Charlemagne’s empire: 

hhDivision: Lothar, Charles, Louis 

•• 

Lorraine 

•• 

Saxons 

hhSalians, Hohenstaufens 

hhInvestiture Controversy 

hhDecline of the papacy: Babylonian Captivity of the papacy 

and the Great Schism 

•• 

Medieval culture (c. A.D. 500–1500): 

•• 

Feudal society and chivalry 

•• 

Crusades: 

•• 

Check and balance results 

hhBernard of Clairvaux, Frederick Barbarossa, Philip 

Augustus 

hhPre-Reformation Europe 

•• 

Universities and scholasticism: 

•• 

Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham 

hhTrivium and quadrivium, scholasticism 

•• 

Forerunners of the Reformation: 

•• 

John Wycliffe, Roger Bacon, and John Huss 

hhGerhard Groote and Savonarola 

•• 

Italian Renaissance: 

•• 

Humanism 

hhPetrarch, Boccaccio, Giotto 

•• 

Johann Gutenberg: Gutenberg Bible 

157 




The Middle Ages cont. 

• 

• Rise of modern nations (c. 850–1300): 

•• 

Ancient Britain: Stonehenge, Celts, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, 

and Beowulf 

•• 

Alfred the Great 

•• 

Norman Conquest: 

hhCharter of Liberties and Exchequer 

•• 

Plantagenet kings: 

hhEleanor of Aquitaine, House of Lords, and House of 

Commons 

•• 

Hundred Years’ War, Wars of the Roses 

•• 

Feudal France: 

•• 

Hugh Capet and Estates-General 

hhHouse of Valois 

•• 

Spain: 

•• 

Moorish culture, the Reconquista, Spanish Inquisition 

hhEl Cid, Antonio de Nebrija 

•• 

Portugal: 

•• 

Prince Henry 

hhAlfonso Henriques 

hhAge of Exploration 

•• 

Native civilizations: Arawaks, Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs 

•• 

France: Northwest Passage 

The Reformation Era: The Modern Age Begins 

• 

• Protestant Reformation (c. 1517–1600): 

•• 

Renaissance in Germany, England, and France: 

hhJohann Reuchlin, Philipp Melanchthon, John Colet, Thomas 

Moore 

•• 

Martin Luther: 

•• 

Charles V, Edict of Worms, popular education 

hhKatharina von Bora 

•• 

Switzerland: 

•• 

Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin, Conrad Grebel, Anabaptists 

hhGuillaume Farel 

•• 

Post-Reformation Europe (c. 1517–1650): 

hhAugsburg Confession 

•• 

Counter-Reformation: 

•• 

The Inquisition, Loyola 

hhThe Index, Council of Trent 

•• 

Reformation in the Netherlands: Council of Blood and William 

the Silent 

•• 

English Reformation: 

•• 

Tudor rulers, Spanish Armada 

hhAct of Supremacy, Lady Jane Grey 

•• 

Scottish Reformation: Mary Stuart vs. John Knox 

•• 

Reformation in France: Huguenots and St. Bartholomew’s Day 

Massacre 

•• 

Thirty Years’ War: 

•• 

Peace of Westphalia 

hhCount of Tilly, Albrecht Wallenstein 

hhBattle of Lützen, results of Thirty Years’ War 

•• 

Post-Reformation science and culture (c. 1517–1800): 

•• 

Founders and progress of modern science 

•• 

Classics: music and art 

The Age of Ideas: Revolution, Revival, and Reform 

•• 

France—road to revolution (c. 1640–1815): 

hhAge of Absolutism: War of the Spanish Succession 

• 

• Enlightenment: 

hhDiderot 

Grade 10 


hhReasons for the revolution: religious, economic, and social 

turmoil 

•• 

French Revolution 

•• 

Reign of Terror: 

•• 

Atheism, deism 

hhDirectory 

•• 

Tyranny of Napoleon: Continental System, Battles of Leipzig 

and Waterloo 

•• 

England and America: quest for freedom (c. 1600–1800): 

•• 

James I: Puritans, Separatists, KJV, Jamestown, and Plymouth 

hhNational Covenant, Long Parliament, Grand Remonstrance 

•• 

English Civil War: 

•• 

Oliver Cromwell 

hhRump Parliament, Battle of Marston Moor, Battle of Naseby, 

Treaty of Dover 

•• 

Glorious Revolution 

•• 

Pietism in Germany: 

•• 

Philipp Spener 

hhCount von Zinzendorf 

•• 

Great Awakening in America: Jonathan Edwards and George 

Whitefield 

hhAge of Reason: John Locke and David Hume 

•• 

Wesleyan Revival: John and Charles Wesley 

•• 

Rise of modern missions: 

•• 

William Carey and Adoniram Judson 

hhJohn Howard 

•• 

French and Indian War 

•• 

American War for Independence 

•• 

Age of Industry (c. 1760–1900): 

•• 

Protestant work ethic 

•• 

Agricultural advancements: better use of land and tools 

•• 

Industrial Revolution: Enclosure Movement and domestic and 

factory system 

•• 

Transportation and communications: 

hhGuglielmo Marconi 

hhScience: Dalton, Faraday, Kelvin, Maxwell, Curie, Jenner 

•• 

United States’ rise to power: capitalism and the Spanish- 

American War 

•• 

Blessings of capitalism: John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, 

J. P. Morgan, philanthropy, and Adam Smith 

•• 

Victorian Era: England’s Age of Progress (1837–1901): 

•• 

Great English statesmen: William Pitt the Younger and Sir 

Robert Peel 

•• 

Victorian England: William Gladstone and Benjamin Disraeli 

•• 

China and Japan missions: 

hhTreaty of Amity and Commerce, Neesima 

•• 

Christianity and charity 

hhBritish imperialism: 

•• 

Crimean War and British North America Act 

•• 

India: Sepoy Rebellion, William Carey and Amy Carmichael 

158 




Grade 10 


The Age of Ideas cont. 

•• 

Victorian Era: England’s Age of Progress (1837–1901) cont.: 

•• 

Africa: 

•• 

David Livingstone, Robert Moffat, and Samuel Adjai Crowther 

hhKhama 

• 

• 

• South Africa: 

• Afrikaners and Boer War 

hhCecil Rhodes, Paul Kruger, Louis Botha 

hhBeginning of Britain’s decline: Charles Darwin, Thomas Henry 

Huxley, Christian Socialists, Fabian Society, utilitarians, and 

modernism 

•• 

Unbelief and revolution in 19th-century Europe (c. 1800–1900): 

hhGerman philosophy and liberal Christianity: romanticism, idealism, 

relativism, dialectic thinking, “Higher Criticism,” modernists, 

and Darwinism 

•• 

Age of Metternich 

•• 

Revolutions of the 1830s: France, Belgium, and Central Europe 

•• 

Revolutions of 1848: Louis Napoleon, Austria, and German states 

•• 

Franco-Prussian War: 

•• 

Otto von Bismarck and Wilhelm II 

hhThird French Republic 

hhRise of modern socialism 

Twentieth Century: A World at War 

• 

• World War I (1914–1918): 

•• 

Road to war: spiritual decay 

•• 

Fronts: 

•• 

Eastern, western, Balkans, and Italian 

hhPétain, von Ludendorff 

•• 

Bolshevik Revolution 

•• 

American involvement: 

•• 

Lusitania and the Zimmermann Note 

hhWeimar Republic 

hhProvidence of God in History 

•• 

Aftermath of war: Wilson’s Fourteen Points, Treaty of 

Versailles, and League of Nations 

•• 

Rise of Communism (1848–1939): 

•• 

Roots of Communism: Karl Marx, dialectical materialism, 

bourgeoisie, proletariat, Frederich Engels, Communist 

Manifesto, Das Kapital 

•• 

Early Russian history of the czars 

•• 

Bolshevik Revolution: Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Red 

Guards, Cheka 

•• 

Lenin’s Russia: 

•• 

Third International, new economic policy, USSR 

hhCentral Committee 

•• 

Stalin’s Russia: Five-Year Plan, collectivization, genocide 

hhWhy Communism Kills 

hhTwentieth-century liberalism (c. 1900–1940): 

hhDefining liberalism and conservatism 

hhLiberal pseudo-sciences and philosophies 

hhLiberalism in education versus traditional education 

hhReligious liberalism: modernism, social gospel, and 

ecumenism 

hhChristian witness 

hhLiberalism and conservatism in the arts 

•• 

Prosperity of the Twenties: Paris Peace Pact 

•• 

Great Depression: easy credit, risky investment, and government 

involvement 

159 

•• 

World War II (1939–1945): 

•• 

Ideologies and dictatorships 

•• 

Aggressors on the march: 

hhMunich Pact, Siegfried and Maginot Lines 

•• 

European Theater: 

•• 

Battle of Britain, Winston Churchill, and Erwin Rommel 

hhInvasion of Scandinavia 

•• 

Invasion of Russia 

•• 


•• 

Neutrality Act, Lend-Lease Act, Pearl Harbor, and D-Day 

hhPanay Incident 

•• 

European Theater: Operation Torch, Italian Campaign 

•• 

Key battles in the Pacific Theater: 

•• 

Bataan Death March, Doolittle’s raid, Midway, Coral Sea, 

Guam, Saipan, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and kamikazes 

hhBattle of the Java Sea, Guadalcanal, the Aleutians, the 

Gilberts, the Marianas 

•• 

Manhattan Project: 

hhFermi, Teller, Oppenheimer 

•• 

Holocaust 

hhAftermath: wartime conferences 

•• 

Cold War Era (c. 1945–1989): 

hhForming, framework, and failure of the UN 

•• 

Communist subversion: Rosenbergs, Klaus Fuchs, and 

Joseph P. McCarthy 

•• 

Response of the West: 

•• 

Truman Doctrine, containment, Marshall Plan, and NATO 

hhWarsaw Pact 

•• 

Fall of Nationalist China: Chiang Kai-shek, George C. 

Marshall, and Taiwan 

•• 

Communist China: 

•• 

Mao Tse-tung, cultural revolution, Red Guards 

hhFive-Year Plan 

• 

• 

• Korean War: 

• MacArthur vs. containment 

hhInchon 

• 

• 

• International changes: 

• Communist Cuba 

hhSouth America: Isabel Perón and Salvador Allende 

hhAsia: 

hhConflicts in Israel, Lebanon, Iran, and Iraq 

•• 

Conflict in India 

•• 

Africa 

• 

• Vietnam War: 

hhNgo Dinh Diem 

hhNuclear freeze movement 

•• 

Space Age 

•• 

Rise of conservatism in the West 

•• 

Margaret Thatcher, Ronald Reagan, Falkland Islands, 

Reagan Doctrine, SDI: 

hhKAL 007, Chernobyl 

•• 

Changes in Eastern Europe: perestroika, glasnost, Berlin Wall 

falls, Poland, Hungary 

•• 

Tiananmen Square Massacre 


10346201 

11 

® 

® 

Third Edition 

® 

® 

HISTORY SERIES 



Twentieth Century cont. 

• 

• Rise of globalism (c. 1990s–present): 

•• 


•• 

Rise of Islamic terrorism: 9/11 attacks and Bush Doctrine 

hhPakistan and Kashmir 

• 

• 

• Changes in Western Europe: 

• Gordon Brown, Jacques Chirac, Angela Merkel 

hhMaastricht Treaty 

• 

• Eastern Europe: Bosnia, Slobodan Milosevic, Kosovo, Dayton 

Peace Accords 

•• 

Russia after the Cold War: 

•• 

Boris Yeltsin, Dmitri Medvedev 

hhChechnya 

hhNorth Korea: Kim Jong Un 

•• 

New leaders in African nations 

•• 

Cuba and Raul Castro 

hhSouth America: Daniel Ortega 

hhCanada: Pierre Trudeau, Kim Campbell 

hhUnited States: GATT 

Grades 10–11 


•• 

Asia and the Pacific: 

•• 

Japan 

hhTaiwan and Lee Teng-hui 

hhSouth Korea and Kim Young Sam 

•• 

Southeast Asia 

•• 

Israel and the PLO: 

•• 

Road map for peace 

hhOperation Defensive Shield 

hhIntelligent Design 

•• 

Bioethics 

•• 

Environmentalism and globalism 

Geography 

•• 

Geography projects (8) featuring maps, both physical and political: 

•• 

The World 

•• 

The Middle East 

•• 

Asia 

•• 

Africa 

•• 

Europe 

•• 

North America 

•• 

South America 

•• 

Australia and New Zealand 

Prayer Time 

•• 


U.S. History Grade 11 

´*B^!`¨ 


•• 


• 

The United States has attained a position of world stature hitherto unknown in the history of mankind. 

Therefore, it is of paramount importance that students study the history of such a nation to 

learn why and how God has blessed it. United States History: Heritage of Freedom presents United 

States history from a Christian perspective. As a result, the spiritual thread which has always run 

prominently through United States history is carefully interwoven throughout the text with the facts, 

dates, and places that make up history. A thorough coverage of key historical events, reinforced by 

pictures, maps, and biographical sketches, helps to make the past come alive. After affirming the 

roots of American history in Europe, United States History: Heritage of Freedom traces the progress 

of America through its stages of colonization, independence, and growth to its emergence as a world 

power in the twentieth century. 

• Emphasize the foundation of United States history 

•• 

Highlight great influential Americans 

•• 

Give facts about American symbols, details of 

historical events, and government concepts for a 

better understanding of U.S. history 

•• 

Important U.S. documents: The Declaration of 

Independence, Preamble to the Constitution, 

and Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address 

•• 

Lists: U.S. Presidents, states and capitals 

•• 



Evaluation 

•• 


•• 

Review quizzes (40; including 6 memorization 

quizzes over Preamble to Constitution, 

Gettysburg Address, states and 

capitals, and U.S. Presidents) 

•• 

Editorials (33; each counts as quiz grade) 

•• 


•• 


America: Land of New Beginnings (1492–1775) 

• 

• Discovery and exploration: 

•• 

Providence of God 

•• 

Tribes of North America and ancient civilizations 

•• 

Protestant Reformation 

•• 

Exploration of New World: 

hhNew France sparsely populated 

•• 

Thirteen original colonies: 

•• 

Spiritual and political heritage of England: 

hhSir Martin Frobisher and “Northwest Passage” 

hhReligious, political, and economic reasons for colonization 

•• 

Jamestown: failed common-store system 

hhPolitical structure 

•• 

Plymouth: importance of the Mayflower Compact 

160 




America: Land of New Beginnings cont. 

• 

• Life in colonial America: 

•• 

Diversity: 

•• 

Immigration, churches, and governments 

hhSocial classes 

• 

• 

• 

• Industry and trade: triangular slave trade 

• Advance of learning: 

• Harvard College, Ole’ Deluder Satan Act, New England Primer 

hhNewspapers 

hhRelationship of church and state 

Birth of a Nation (1660–1800) 

• 

• Preparation for independence: 

•• 

Great Awakening 

•• 


hhAnglo-French conflicts 

hhEnglish and French advantages 

hhBattle of Quebec 

•• 

Fundamental differences between the colonists and the English 

•• 

Conflict with England: 

•• 

British regulations on the colonists and colonial reaction: 

hhNavigation Acts and regulations on industry 

hhEffects of the French and Indian War 

•• 

War for Independence: 

•• 

American attempts at reconciliation and the British refusal: Olive 

Branch Petition, Prohibitory Act, and Hessians 

•• 

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense 

•• 

Declaration of Independence: influence of John Locke and William 

Blackstone 

hhPatriot disadvantages 

hhPeople: St. Leger, Herkimer, Wayne, Rochambeau 

hhBattle of Oriskany 

•• 

Treaty of Paris 

•• 

Critical Period and the Constitution (1776–1790): 

•• 

Articles of Confederation: 

hhUnderstanding the weaknesses 

•• 

Mount Vernon, Annapolis, and Constitutional Conventions: 

hhJonathan Dayton 

hhWilliam Paterson and New Jersey Plan 

•• 

Federalists and Anti-Federalists 

hhHow the Constitution works 

•• 

Federal system and implied powers 

•• 

States’ rights with religious freedom: 

•• 

Alexis de Tocqueville 

hhIsaac Backus and John Leland 

•• 

Federalist Era: 

•• 

President George Washington: Judiciary Act of 1789 

•• 

Loose and strict construction 

hhMint Act of 1792 

•• 

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans 

•• 

French Revolution: 

hhCitizen Genêt 

•• 

President John Adams: Department of the Navy 

•• 

President Thomas Jefferson: 12th Amendment and the Judiciary 

Act of 1801 

161 

A Growing Nation (1800–1841) 

•• 

Age of Jefferson (1800–1814): 

hhMarbury vs. Madison, the Burr Conspiracy 

hhLouisiana Purchase violates Jeffersonian principles 

hhTripolitan War 

•• 

President James Madison: 

• 

• War of 1812 

hhResponsibilities of freedom 

hhNon-Intercourse Act 

hhFighting in Canada 

hhBenefits of War of 1812 

•• 

Nationalist Era: 

•• 

President James Monroe and the Monroe Doctrine: 

hhPanic of 1819 

hhJohn Marshall’s Supreme Court 

•• 

Westward Expansion and the Missouri Compromise: 

hhBonus Bill and American System 

hhRush-Bagot Agreement 

•• 

President John Q. Adams and the Favorite Sons Election 

•• 

Age of Jackson (1828–1841): 

•• 

President Andrew Jackson: 

hhWebster-Hayne Debate 

hhForce Bill 

•• 

President Martin Van Buren: Whig Party, Panic of 1837, and suffrage 

•• 

President William Henry Harrison 

•• 

President John Tyler: 

hhAroostook War 

Grade 11 


The American Character (1790–1860) 

•• 

Revival and missions: 

••“Age of Methodism” 

•• 

Second Great Awakening: 

hhRichard Allen 

hhMission outreach organizations 

•• 

Reform movements: abolition, temperance, and suffrage 

•• 

Challenges to Christianity: unitarianism and transcendentalism 

•• 

Education and technology: 

•• 

American textbooks: Blue-Backed Speller and the Eclectic Readers 

•• 

Public education: Horace Mann’s normal schools and traditional 

education 

•• 

Agricultural and industrial advancements: 

hhSamuel Slater, James Watt, and Oliver Evans 

•• 

Improved transportation and communication: 

hhJohn Loudon McAdam 

hhNew social classes 

•• 

Expansion to the Pacific: 

•• 

Texas War for Independence 

•• 

Oregon Territory: Jason Lee, Whitmans, and Spaldings 

•• 

President James K. Polk 

•• 

Mexican War: 

•• 

Texas is annexed and the California Gold Rush 

hhJohn Slidell 




Expansion and Conflict (1831–1877) 

•• 

Slavery and secession: 

•• 

Abolition movement 

hhWilmot Proviso 

•• 

President Zachary Taylor: 

hhSeventh of March speech 

•• 

President Millard Filmore 

•• 

President Franklin Pierce: 

hhKansas-Nebraska Bill 

•• 

Republican Party 

•• 

President James Buchanan 

•• 

Dred Scott Case 

•• 

Lincoln-Douglas Debate: 

hhFreeport Doctrine 

•• 

President Abraham Lincoln 

•• 

South Carolina secedes 

•• 

Civil War: 

•• 

Key battles: 

•• 

Ft. Sumter, Vicksburg, Antietam Creek, Fredericksburg, 

Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Wilderness Campaign 

hhWar in the West 

•• 

Emancipation Proclamation 

•• 

Gettysburg Address 

•• 

Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House 

hhFinancing the War: Trent affair and Alabama dispute 

•• 

Reconstruction: 

•• 

Lincoln’s reconstruction plan: 

hhWade-Davis Bill 

•• 

President Andrew Johnson 

•• 

Civil War amendments and reconstruction acts 

•• 

Johnson impeached: 

hhTenure of Office Act 

•• 

President Ulysses S. Grant 

•• 

President Rutherford B. Hayes: Election of 1876 and Compromise 

of 1877 

•• 

Tuskegee Institute: Booker T. Washington and George Washington 

Carver 

The Age of Industry (1865–1900) 

• 

• Nation on the move: 

•• 

Transcontinental railroad: 

hhJames J. Hill and Jay Gould 

•• 

Last Frontier: 

hhChisholm Trail 

•• 

Oklahoma Land Rush 

•• 

Plains Indians: 

hhWovoka 

hhHelen Hunt Jackson and the Indian Reorganization Act 

•• 

Triumph of free enterprise: 

•• 

Agricultural progress: 

hhLuther Burbank and new legislation 

hhFactors of America’s prosperity 

hhBig business organizations 

•• 

Threats to free enterprise: government regulations 

Grade 11 


•• 

Life in the “Gilded Age”: 

•• 

Immigration to America: 

hhWilliam Speer 

hhChinese Exclusion Act 

•• 

Labor unions 

•• 

Gay Nineties 

•• 

Growing Christian influence: 

•• 

Charles Jones Soong 

•• 

Advances in reforms: 

hhEducation: Morrill Act and Chautauqua Movement 

hhTemperance Movement: Frances Willard 

•• 

Literature in the late 19th century 

•• 

Politics in the Age of Industry: 

•• 

Trouble on the farm: Greenback Labor Party and the Free 

Silver Movement 

••“Black Friday” 

hhPresidential Succession Act and Electoral Count Act 

•• 

Expanding world influence: 

•• 

Relations with foreign countries: 

hhEngland and the Treaty of Washington 

hhLatin America and the Organization of American States 

•• 

New possessions 

•• 

Spanish-American War 

•• 

Philippines: 

hhTydings-McDuffie Act 

A New Century (1900–1940) 

•• 

Progressive Era: 

•• 

Advances in technology, transportation, and communication 

•• 

President Theodore Roosevelt: 

•• 

Business and labor: “trust-buster” and Panic of 1907 

hhNatural resources: Gifford Pinchot 

hhForeign affairs: Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty 

•• 

President William Taft: 

hhPayne-Aldrich Bill 

•• 

Progressive Party 

•• 

State and local government changes: 

hhJoseph G. Cannon, recall, Presidential primary 

•• 

World War I: 

•• 

Steps toward war and beginning of war 

•• 

United States’ involvement: 

hhSussex Pledge, National Defense Act 

•• 

Wilson’s Fourteen Points, League of Nations, and Treaty of 

Versailles: 

hhHenry Cabot Lodge 

•• 

Roaring Twenties: 

•• 

Postwar unrest: 

hhCommunist threats: Sacco-Vanzetti case 

•• 

Washington Conference for Limitations of Armaments 

hhFordney-McCumber Tariff 

hhDawes Plan and Young Plan 

hhMcNary-Haugen Bill 

•• 

Liberalism: social gospel and new thought patterns 

•• 

Darwinism and the Scopes trial: 

hhResults of the Scopes trial 

hhFundamentalists: Warfield, Gray, Dixon, Meyer, Gaebelein 

162 





A New Century (1900–1940) cont. 

•• 

Depression and the New Deal: 

•• 

President Herbert Hoover 

•• 

Causes of the Great Depression: 

hhSuccess of private relief versus government intervention 

hhForeign affairs: Hawley-Smoot Tariff 

•• 

President Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal: 

•• 

Relief, recovery, and reform 

•• 

Repeal of Prohibition 

•• 

Failure of the New Deal 

The Global Age (1940–Present) 

• 

• World War II: 

•• 

Road to war: 

•• 

Disarmament failure and religious unbelief 

hhGeneva Conference 

•• 

Rising dictatorships 

•• 

Unchecked aggression and failure of the Munich Pact 

•• 


•• 

Lend-Lease Act and Pearl Harbor 

hhAmerica First Committee 

•• 

European and Pacific theaters: D-Day, Doolittle’s Raid, V-E 

Day, and V-J Day 

•• 

Manhattan Project 

•• 

Holocaust 

•• 

United Nations 

•• 

Years of strength and stability: 

•• 

President Harry S. Truman and the Fair Deal: 

hhG.I. Bill of Rights and Internal Security Act 

•• 

Communist subversion: McCarthy trials 

•• 

Cold War: 

••“Iron Curtain,” Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO 

hhJapanese Peace Treaty Conference 

•• 

Korean War: failure of containment 

•• 

President Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Eisenhower Doctrine 

•• 

Space race: Sputnik I and NASA 

•• 

Civil rights: Martin Luther King, Jr.; Rosa Parks; and Jackie 

Robinson 

•• 

President John F. Kennedy 

•• 

Communist Cuba: Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis 

•• 

Troubled times: 

•• 

President Lyndon Baines Johnson: “The Great Society” and 

1964 Civil Rights Act 

•• 

Vietnam War and Communist sympathizers 

•• 

Moon landing 

•• 

Cultural revolution: Roe vs. Wade 

•• 

President Richard M. Nixon: Kent State, 26th Amendment, 

and Watergate 

•• 

Middle East: Yom Kippur War and OPEC 

•• 

President Gerald R. Ford and the fall of Saigon 

•• 

President Jimmy Carter: Panama Canal Zone, Camp David 

Peace Accord, and Iran hostages 

•• 

Reagan Era: 

•• 

President Ronald Reagan: Moral Majority, “Reaganomics,” 

and the Reagan Doctrine 

•• 

President George H. W. Bush 

•• 

Foreign policy: Tiananmen Square, Manuel Noriega, Nelson 

Mandela, and apartheid 

•• 

Collapse of the Soviet Union: fall of the Berlin Wall 

•• 


•• 

President Bill Clinton: 

•• 

NAFTA and the PLO 

hhNewt Gingrich and “Contract with America” 

hhBudget debate 

•• 

Immigration boom: “Melting Pot” versus multiculturalism 

•• 

America enters the new millennium: 

•• 

President George W. Bush and the 2000 election 

•• 

9/11 attack: 

•• 

Why America was attacked, security vs. liberty 

hhPatriot Act 

•• 

Bush Doctrine, Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom 

•• 

Bioethics: stem cell research and cloning 

•• 

Neo-conservatism: 

••“One World Order” 

hhIrving Kristol 

hhRise of conservative talk radio 

•• 

Intelligent Design 

•• 

Cultural decay: 

hhLawrence vs. Texas 

hhEuthanasia 

hhRoy Moore 

•• 

Globalism and environmentalism: Earth Charter, global 

warming, Kyoto Protocol, and flex fuels 

•• 

President Barack Obama 

Prayer Time 

•• 


163

89281001 

12 


American Government Grade 12 

´y


American Government cont. 

Our Constitutional Republic cont. 

hhBureaucracy—executive branch: 

hhFrom patronage to a merit system 

hhGrowth of the bureaucracy 

hhOrganization of the bureaucracy: 

hhExecutive departments 

hhAgencies 

hhGovernment corporations 

hhPower of the bureaucracy: 

hhBureaucracy and the Constitution 

hhLegacy of expanding bureaucracy 

hhReform of the bureaucracy: reorganization, reduction, and 

removal 

hhFederal Courts—judicial branch: 

hhConstitutional and legislative courts: nominating federal judges 

and justices 

hhJudicial process: 

hhCivil and criminal cases 

hhProcedure in a trial court and an appeals court 

hhSupreme Court: 

hhJudicial review: Marbury v. Madison 

hhLegal road to the Supreme Court 

hhCourt in session 

hhChanging role of the Court: Earl Warren 

hhBill of Rights and other amendments: 

hhBill of Rights: 

hhBackground of the Bill of Rights 

hhOur civil rights and responsibilities 

hhOriginal meaning of separation of church and state 

hhOther amendments 

hhImportance of various court cases 

Our Federal Republic 

hhAmerican federalism: 

hhFederalism defined 

hhFounders’ choice 

hhConstitution and federalism: dividing power and fulfilling 

obligations 

hhHistory of federalism: rise of central power: 

hhDual, cooperative, and coercive federalism 

hhFederalism today: 

hhStates and the Supreme Court 

hhStates and Congress: the 10th Amendment 

hhState and local government: 

hhFifty individual states: 

hhState constitutions and the federal Constitution 

hhChanging states constitutions 

hhFunctions of state government 

hhState executive officers 

hhState legislators: 

hhTerms, sessions, and apportionment 

hhQualifications, elections, compensation, and personnel 

hhPowers of the state legislature 

hhOfficers and organization of the state legislature 

hhLegislative process 

hhVoter participation in the lawmaking process 

hhState courts 

hhLocal government: county, New England town, township, 

and municipal government 

hhFinancing state and local government 

hhAmerican citizen in action—making a difference: 

hhUnited States citizen: 

hhCitizenship defined 

hhCitizenship by birth and naturalization 

hhCitizen and his government: elected and appointed 

hhPolitical participation in America: 

hhCitizen and the military, voting process, political party, 

interest group, public opinion, and news media 

hhOther forms of political action 

hhCitizen and his character: importance of righteousness in the 

preservation of the nation 

State and Local Government Study Outline 

•• 

A research guide divided into five sections to help students 

better understand their state and local government: 

•• 

Section 1—My home state 

•• 

State history 

•• 

Voter requirements 

•• 

Elections 

•• 

State constitution overview 

•• 

Changing the state constitution 

•• 

Section 2—State executive officers 

•• 

The governor’s office 

•• 

Gubernatorial qualifications, elections, and terms 

•• 

Powers and duties of the governor 

•• 

Lieutenant governor 

•• 

Secretary of state 

•• 

State attorney general 

•• 

State treasurer 

•• 

State auditor 

•• 

State comptroller 

•• 

State superintendent of education 

•• 

Other state offices 

•• 

Section 3—State legislature 

•• 

Overview 

•• 

Terms and sessions 

•• 

Apportionment 

•• 

Qualifications and elections 

•• 

Officers, organizations, and powers 

•• 

Legislative committees 

•• 

The legislative process 

•• 

Section 4—State courts 

•• 

State court levels 

•• 

The jury system 

•• 

Section 5—Local government 

•• 

County government 

•• 

New England town government 

•• 

Township government 

•• 

Municipal government 

Prayer Time 

•• 


Grade 12 


165

® 

17465301 

 

THIRD 

EDITION 


Economics Grade 12 

Grade 12 


´1NU!d¨ 


 

 


in Christian Perspective 

Russell Kirk 

The purpose of Economics: Work and Prosperity is to teach basic economic principles and to 

give students a clear understanding of free-enterprise capitalism, individual moral responsibility, 

and the biblical work ethic from a conservative Christian perspective. This course emphasizes 

God’s Word as the one standard for man’s thoughts and actions and encourages man’s depende 

nce upon God rather than upon government. It stresses acceptance of moral responsibility 

and accountability to God and man. Finally, this course strengthens the link between economic 

freedom and the political and individual freedoms Americans enjoy. 


•• 


•• 

Emphasize the importance of responsibility in 

economics 

•• 

Highlight people that have had positive and negative 

influence on economics 

•• 

Include illustrations of the success of capitalism, 

comparison and contrasts of different economies, and 

relationships of economics and government 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Research paper (1; counts as test grade) 

•• 


•• 

Final exam 


Everybody’s Economics 

hhWhy bother about economics? 

hhBuilding an economy: the Pilgrims at Plymouth 

hhEconomists and the language of economics 

hhEverything has to be worked for 

hhGoods, wants, and needs 

hhGoods for production and goods to use up 

hhWhat makes goods valuable? 

Economists & Economic Laws 

hhFirst principles of economics 

hhEarly economic history 

hhAdam Smith and The Wealth of Nations 

hhWays to prosperity 

Factors of Production 

hhProsperity does not grow on trees 

hhFactors of natural resources, labor, capital, and 

entrepreneurship 

hhAchieving economic prosperity 

Laws of Supply & Demand 

hhValue of goods 

hhMarginal utility and value 

hhBasic laws of supply and demand 

hhSupply and demand in balance 

hhGovernment and economic laws 

Productive Market Economy 

hhMarket signals 

hhContrasting economic systems 

hhProfits and productivity 

Good That Competition Does 

hhHealthy competition 

hhPerfect competition 

hhMonopolies and monopolistic competition 

hhOligopolies 

hhCompetitive encouragement in the free market 

Efficiency of Production 

hhSource of efficiency 

hhTotal cost and efficiency 

hhDivision of labor 

hhScale of production 

hhAbsolute and comparative advantage 

hhGeographic specialization and trade 

Why Everybody Needs to Save 

hhFables in support of saving 

hhSaving in Old Egypt and in modern countries 

hhRewards of saving 

hhWise and foolish saving 

hhMany forms of saving 

hhSavings in stocks, bonds, and mutual funds 

hhCompulsory saving 

What Money Is Good For 

hhThree functions of money 

hhMetallic and paper money 

hhMoney supply 

hhThe Treasury, Federal Reserve, and commercial banks 

hhUse and abuse of money 

166 

Economics cont. p. 167


Economics cont. 

Government & the Economy 

hhPurpose of government 

hhGovernment and macroeconomics 

hhGovernment’s potential danger to economics 

hhAmerican government and the economy 

Successes & Difficulties in the Market Economy 

hhAchievements of the market economy 

hhBusiness cycles 

hhInflation 

hhSelfishness and envy 


Promise & Performance in the Command Economy 

hhGoals, tours, and permanent problems of a command economy 

hhInfiltration of socialism 

Look at the Global Economy 

hhGrowth of the global economy 

hhGlobal issues in perspective 

Cheerful View of Our Economic Future 

hhRefuting the prophets of doom 

hhKilling the goose that lays the golden eggs 

hhBuilding the moral foundation of economics 

Grade 12 

Prayer Time 

•• 


167

11550903 

® 

® 

health 

Science 

Science: Order & Design Grade 7 

Grade 7 

ues fowers mammals 

sects drug abuse 

al kingdom forestry 

carnivores 

diseases 

´+W)#[¨ 

life 

microscope seed 

SCIENCE 

ORDER & DESIGN 

plants 

zoology 

plant kingdom trees dinosaurs 

SCIENCE 

ORDER & DESIGN 

classifcation 

life science 

birds 

botany 

cells 

creation science biology 

forestry nutrition 

Many life science textbooks study the “simple” cell as the origin of life and discuss the “evolution” of life 

through the plant and animal worlds. Science: Order & Design uses a different approach. 

This life science text begins with the more complex plant world and human anatomy and physiology. 

Evolutionary hypotheses are discussed and discarded as unscientific. Similarities between man and animals 

are explored and proved to be the result of a common Designer, laying a biblical foundation of origins. 

A look at the complexity of the “simple” cell, the basis of all life, emphasizes the hand of the Creator in its 

design. A study of ecology shows God’s providential design in the relationships between living things and 

their environments. 


•• 

Feature boxes with activities, puzzles, extra 

information, hands-on investigations for the 

classroom and at home 

•• 

Short articles highlighting God’s design in 

Creation (93) 

•• 

Challenging homework questions to provoke 

thinking more deeply about concepts taught (69) 

•• 

Thought-provoking review exercises (7) 

•• 

Highlighted fun facts (127) 

•• 

Review activities to prepare for tests (38) 


Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Insect collection (counts as 3 quiz grades) 

•• 

Science project background paper and 

investigation plan (counts as test grade) 

•• 


•• 


Introduction to Life Science 

hhIntroduction of basic terms: biology, organism, divisions of biology, 

respiration, excretion 

hhSymmetry in living things 

•• 

Observing nature: how to set up an observation notebook and 

observation kit 

•• 

Overview of environments: meadow, woodlands, freshwater, and marine 

hhScientific method: 

hhSix-step process 

hhExplains process of the experimental method 

hhDifferentiate hypotheses, theories, and scientific laws 

hhDifferentiate experimental and control groups, constants and 

variables 

Plants 

• 

• Purpose and design of flowers: 

•• 

Functions and structures of flowers: 

hhStyle, anther, filament, receptacle 

•• 

Pollination and fertilization: 

•• 

Process, provisions for fertilization, results, development: 

hhSperm cell, egg cell, embryo, endosperm, plumule, radicle 

•• 

Seed dispersal: 

•• 

Fruit 

hhMechanical and agent dispersal 

•• 

Germination: 

•• 

Requirements 

hhProcess 

•• 

Plant life expectancies: 

hhAngiosperms vs. gymnosperms 

•• 

Familiar flower families: 

hhButtercup, mint, honeysuckle, parsley, milkweed, and amaryllis 

families 

hhFlower arrangements: spikes, umbels, racemes 

•• 

Monocots vs. dicots 

•• 

Leaf structure and arrangement: 

• 

• Margins 

hhLeaf arrangement, simple or compound leaves, venation 

168 

•• 

Photosynthesis and respiration: 

•• 

Structures, process, chemicals 

hhProducers vs. consumers; uses of glucose 

•• 

Vascular system: 

•• 

Roots 

hhVegetative reproduction 

hhXylem, phloem 

hhPrimary vs. secondary growth 

hhOsmosis in plants 

hhCapillarity 

hhTranspiration 

Human Anatomy & Physiology 

hhOutward divisions: head, trunk, appendages 

• 

• Cardiovascular system: 

hhArterioles, venules 

hhBlood flow through veins 

hhPericardium 

hhPulmonary, coronary, and systemic circulation 

•• 

Respiratory system: 

hhNasal cavity, pleura 

•• 

Digestive system: 

hhEnzymes, peristalsis, duodenum, rectum, feces 

•• 

Excretory system: 

hhUrinary system, ureters, urethra 

•• 

Lymphatic system: 

hhNeutrophils, macrophages, phagocytes 

hhMain types of lymphocytes 

•• 

Integumentary system: 

hhAdipose 

•• 

Skeletal system: 

hhAxial and appendicular skeleton 

hhMaxillary bones, mandible 

hhPelvis 

hhHinge joint, pivot joint, ball-and-socket joint 

hhFracture repair 

Science: Order & Design cont. p. 169

Science 

Science: Order & Design cont. 

Human Anatomy & Physiology cont. 

•• 


hhLargest body system by weight 

• 

• Nervous system: 

hhImpulses 

•• 

Endocrine system: 

hhGland defined, parathyroid glands, epinephrine 

hhTypes of diabetes mellitus 

hhReproductive system: eggs, sperm 

hhTissue types 

•• 

Prenatal growth and development: 

• 

• Pictures and detailed descriptions of development at weekly intervals: 

hhConception, fertilization, uterus 

A Healthy Life 

• 

• Proper nutrition: 

•• 

Carbohydrates, fiber, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water: 

hhAmino acids, lipids 

• 

• Exercise: 

hhAnaerobic 

•• 

Aerobic, training heart rate, benefits 

•• 

Rest 

•• 

Outward appearance: cleanliness, grooming, sun exposure, acne, 

dental care 

•• 

Introduction to disease: 

•• 

Bacteria, viruses 

•• 

Infectious 

hhNoninfectious, congenital 

hhSpread of pathogens 

•• 

Common diseases: 

•• 

Common cold, allergies 

hhCardiovascular disease, cancer 

•• 

Substance abuse: 

•• 

Medications, abuse 

•• 

Dependence, withdrawal 

•• 

Narcotics, hallucinogens, stimulants, depressants 

hhEmotions: adolescence 

•• 

Spiritual health: Bible study and prayer 

Creation & Science 

hhDesign in nature: introduction, history, and evidence of design 

hhHomology: similar structures 

hhInformation in living things: complexity, DNA, mutations 

hhNatural selection: kind, speciation vs. macroevolution, specific 

examples 

hhThree views of life: “tree of life”—evolution, “lawn view,” “orchard 

view”—Creation science 

hhA Christian’s faith: what I believe and why 

hhHistory of science: 

hhMaterialism, Aristotle, Middle Ages 

hhGeneral and special revelation 

hhProtestant Reformation 

hhThe Bible and science: advances in modern life science 

hhLaw of biogenesis: experiments by Redi and Pasteur 

hhWorld views and science: ordered or accidental, who determines 

truth, faith 

169 


hhDevelopment of modern evolutionary thought: Darwin, Lyell, 

uniformitarianism, missing links 

hhEvolution as a retreat from true science: 

hhChemical evolution, evolutionary relationships 

hhRecapitulation, vestigial organs, mutations 

hhEvolution of horses, whales, humans 

hhMutations: most are harmful or deadly, gradualism, punctuated 

equilibrium 

Biological Classification 

• 

• Pioneers in classification: John Ray and Carolus Linnaeus 

•• 

Classification system: 

•• 

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, scientific name 

hhSix-kingdom system 

hhClassifying the plant kingdom—with and without vascular systems 

(tracheophytes and bryophytes) 

•• 

Classifying the animal kingdom—with and without backbones 

(vertebrates and invertebrates) 

Mammals 

•• 

Characteristics of mammals: 

hhFour-chambered heart 

•• 

Hair, mammary glands, endoskeleton, warm-blooded 

hhOrders of placental mammals: 16 orders taught with more than 90 

specific example animals 

hhMarsupials: mammals with pouches 

•• 

Egg-laying mammals—monotremes 

•• 

Endangered animals 

Birds 

• 

• Internal anatomy: 

•• 

Skeletal and muscular systems 

hhRespiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems 

• 

• 

• Senses: 

• Sight, hearing 

hhSmell 

• 

• 

• Feathers: 

• Flight and down feathers, structure, preening 

hhContour feathers, growth, molting 

hhFlight: motions, types of flight 

•• 

Behavior: 

•• 

Audible communication 

hhVisual communication 

• 

• Baths 

hhDusting, anting, mobbing, running, migration 

•• 

Courtship, egg laying, nesting, incubation 

• 

• Identifying features: wings, tails, bills, feet, field marks 

hhGroups: perching, birds of prey, water, game, tropical, flightless 

Fish, Reptiles, & Amphibians (Cold-Blooded) 

• 

Grade 7 

• Fish anatomy and groups: 

•• 

External and internal structures of bony and cartilaginous fish: 

hhTypes of fins, types of scales, myomeres 

hhCirculatory, digestive, excretory, nervous, and reproductive systems 

•• 

Reptile anatomy and groups: 

•• 

External and internal structures, and characteristics: 

hhLizard and snake groups, snake movement, snake venom, tuataras 

Science: Order & Design cont. p. 170

Science 

Science: Order & Design cont. 

Fish, Reptiles, & Amphibians (Cold-Blooded) cont. 

hhDinosaurs and similar creatures: descriptions of various types 

• 

• Amphibians: 

hhAnatomy 

•• 

Metamorphosis 

•• 

Salamanders, frogs, and toads: 

hhSalamander life cycles, estivation 

hhCaecilians (limbless amphibians) 

Insects & Other Arthropods 

• 

• Common characteristics of arthropods: 

•• 

Basic common traits: 

hhOpen system of circulation 

•• 

Jean-Henri Fabre—entomologist 

•• 

Insect anatomy and life cycles: 

•• 

Complete and incomplete metamorphosis 

hhStructure of compound eyes 

•• 

Insect orders: 

hhDetailed description and examples for each order 

•• 

Coleoptera (sheathed wings), Hemiptera (half-wing) 

•• 

Homoptera (same wings), Diptera (two wings) 

•• 

Orthoptera (straight wings), Odonata (toothed) 

hhNeuroptera (nerve wings) 

• 

• Hymenoptera (membrane wings), Lepidoptera (scale-wing) 

hhInsects and man: helpful and harmful characteristics of insects 

•• 

Crustacean anatomy and orders (aquatic arthropods): 

hhCommon anatomy 

•• 

Orders: 

• 

• Decapoda (ten feet) 

hhAmphipoda (both legs), Copepoda (one eye), Branchiopoda 

(gill feet) 

•• 

Cirripedia 

hhEuphausiacea (shining bright) 

• 

• 

•• 

Details of common anatomy 

• 

• Isopoda (equal feet), includes wood lice 

• Arachnid anatomy and groups: 

• Spiders, harvestmen (daddy longlegs), scorpions 

hhPseudoscorpions 

•• 

Mites, ticks 

• 

• Centipedes and millipedes: comparison and contrast of traits 

Microbiology 

• 

• Cell theory: introduction to the cell, Robert Hooke 

•• 

Cell structure: 

•• 

Basic structures and functions: 

hhPlant cell structure and differences from human and animal cells 

•• 

Algae: 

•• 

Characteristics and types: 

hhClassification; volvox, spirogyra 

• 

• 

• Fungi: 

• Characteristics and types: 


hhRusts, smuts 

hhYeast reproduction 


•• 

Protozoa: 

•• 

Leeuwenhoek, sarcodines, ciliates 

hhFlagellates, sporozoa, vorticella, stentor 

hhBacteria: eukaryotes and prokaryotes, examples of helpful and harmful 

bacteria 

Forestry 

• 

• Tree groups: 

•• 

Basic traits of angiosperm and gymnosperm trees: 

hhCycads, ginkgoes 

• 

• 

• Tree structure: 

• Details of roots, stems, branches, and leaves: 

hhBark and wood as vascular tissue 

hhPith 

hhBud structure and types 

hhNodes and lenticels 

hhSun and shade leaves, leaf pigments 

hhLocations of American forests: introduction and geographical 

description of North American forests 

hhBranches of forestry: introductory concepts regarding forestry 

hhFunctions and resources of forests 

hhUsing forests: harvesting methods and renewing the resources 

• 

• Notable tree species: details and characteristics of 24 types of North 

American trees 

hhForest conservation: Theodore Roosevelt, sustainability, reforestation, 

forest fires, disease, insects 

Ecology 

Grade 7 

hhFactors in an ecosystem: 

hhOverview of factors affecting an ecosystem 

hhTolerance vs. optimum range 

hhLimiting factor 

hhCarrying capacity 

hhBiodiversity 

hhBiogeochemical cycles 

hhLevels of ecology: biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, 

community, population 

hhTypes of biomes: 

hhOverview of traits and communities of: 

hhTundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest 

hhGrassland, tropical rainforest 

hhAquatic biomes 

hhNutrition types: traits and types of producers and consumers: 

•• 

Food chains 

hhTrophic levels 

hhFood webs 

hhSpecial nutritional relationships: predation, symbiosis, competition, 

and neutralism 

hhDominion and stewardship: role of man in the environment, biblical 

stewardship 

hhDangers of modern environmentalism: bias, pantheism 

•• 

Biblical conservation: 

h h Bible examples 

170

00000000 

8 

® 

® 

Science 

Science: Earth & Space Grade 8 

Grade 8 

:x>!|¨ 

SCIENCE Earth and Space 

SCIENCE 

Earth and Space 

Science: Earth and Space lays a foundation for future study of the nonliving world. The text begins “from the 

ground up,” starting with soil science and geology. Students learn how geology and the fossil record support 

the biblical record of a worldwide Flood—not the hypotheses of evolution. 

The exploration of the seas includes studying currents, tides, and ocean floor. An investigation of the 

atmosphere and processes that cause weather includes overviews of several weather phenomena and of 

measuring and forecasting the weather. 

The solar system, stars, and galaxies are examined as the creation of God; evolutionary hypotheses 

of solar-system formation are briefly discussed and shown to be scientifically unsound. Students learn 

about man’s study and use of astronomy, including an overview of manned and unmanned spaceflight. 

The text concludes with a study of environmental issues, thus teaching students to be good stewards of 

the natural resources God has provided. 


•• 

Feature boxes with activities, extra information, 

hands-on investigations for the classroom and 

at home 

•• 

Short articles highlighting God’s design in 

creation (5) 

•• 

Challenging homework questions designed to 

provoke thinking more deeply about concepts 

taught (53) 

•• 

Thought-provoking review exercises (53) 

•• 

Highlighted fun facts (142) 

•• 

Review activities to prepare for tests (28) 


Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Science project with background paper, 

investigation plan, experimentation, and 

oral presentation (counts as 2 quiz grades and 

2 test grades) 

•• 


•• 


Introduction to Science 

• 

• Using the scientific method: 

•• 

Three main components: hypothesizing, observation, experimentation 

•• 

Six steps 

Pedology: Soil Science 

• 

• Characteristics of soil: 

•• 

Organic and mineral materials, humus 

•• 

Topsoil, subsoil, bedrock 

hhTexture: sand, silt, clay, loam 

hhColors: Munsell charts 

hhSoil pH: pH scale 

•• 

Soil nutrients—nutrients and primary plant food elements: 

hhFertilizer composition: phosphates, nitrogen, potassium 

hhNitrogen: 

hhNitrogen cycle, nitrogen compounds 

hhNitrogen-fixing bacteria 

hhNitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria 

hhPhosphorus: cell division, growth, plant maturity 

hhPotassium: general health of plant and disease resistance 

•• 

Air and water in the soil: 

hhGround air: pore spaces 

• 

• Ground water: 

hhSaturated, water table, artesian well 

• 

• Aquifer, capillarity 

Geology 

• 

• Structure of the earth: 

•• 

Introduction to geology: defined 

•• 

Crust—outer layer: 

•• 

Covered with sediment 

hhOxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron 

171 

•• 

Mantle—middle layer: 

hhSeismic waves, upper mantle, transition zone, lower mantle 

•• 

Moho 

• 

• Core: 

•• 

Outer and inner core 

hhCore-mantle boundary 

•• 

Movements of crust: 

•• 

Plates, plate tectonics 

hhLithosphere 

hhDevelopment of plate tectonics theory 

hhRelationship of plate tectonics to biblical record 

hhPangaea, types of faults and folds 

hhMountains: volcanic, domed, folded, fault-block 

• 

• Earthquakes: 

•• 

Earthquakes and tremors: 

•• 

Tectonic earthquakes, tsunamis, aftershocks 

•• 

Seismology, faulting, elastic rebound theory 

•• 

San Andreas Fault, focus epicenter 

hhEarthquake waves: P waves, S waves, surface wave, seismograph, 

seismogram, locating an earthquake’s epicenter 

•• 

Earthquake zones: circum-Pacific belt, Alpide belt 

•• 

Earthquake strength: 

hhModified Mercalli Scale 

•• 

Richter magnitude scale 

hhMoment magnitude scale 

hhStudying earthquakes: 

hhProvide information about earth’s interior 

hhSan Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth 

•• 

Reducing earthquake damage: 

hhFixed-base, base-isolated, and energy-dissipating systems 

Science: Earth & Space cont. p. 172

Science 

Science: Earth & Space cont. 

Grade 8 


Geology cont. 

• 

• Volcanoes: 

•• 

Magma, magma chamber, cone 

hhVolcanology 

• 

• Types of volcanoes: cinder-cone, shield, composite, active, 

dormant, extinct 

•• 

Location of volcanoes: Ring of Fire 

•• 

Volcanic eruptions and ejecta: 

hhTypes of lava 

•• 

Pyroclasts: 

•• 

Volcanic ash, lapilli, volcanic blocks, volcanic bombs 

hhDifference between volcanic blocks and volcanic bombs, 

pyroclastic flows 

•• 

Volcanic structures: 

•• 

Calderas 

hhLava tunnels 

hhIgneous intrusions: dikes, sills, laccoliths, batholiths 

•• 

Introduction to minerals: 

•• 

Study of minerals: 

•• 

Mineralogy, crystals 

hhGroups of minerals (halides, sulfides, sulfates, oxides, carbonates, 

phosphates, silicates); faces 

•• 

Identifying minerals: 

•• 

Surface color, streak color, luster, hardness, Mohs scale 

•• 

Cleavage, acid test 

hhSpecific gravity, special properties (fluorescence, phosphoresence) 

•• 

Notable minerals: 

•• 

Metals: 

•• 

Ore, useful metals 

hhMetallurgy, Bayer process, Hall-Héroult process 

•• 

Iron, alloy, precious metals 

hhBlast furnace, direct iron reduction 

•• 

Gemstones: 

•• 

Precious stones, diamond pipes, semiprecious stones 

hhSimulant and synthetic gemstones 

hhMethods of synthesizing: flame fusion process, pulled method, 

hydrothermal synthesis 

•• 

Rocks—petrology: 

•• 

Igneous rocks: 

•• 

Intrusive and extrusive rock 

•• 

Coarse-grained, fine-grained 

hhPorphyritic (mixed-textured), amorphous, porous 

•• 

Sedimentary rocks: 

hhConcretions, stratum, law of superposition 

•• 

Mechanical sediments: 

•• 

Conglomerate rock 

hhClastic sedimentary rock 

•• 

Chemical sediments: 

hhPrecipitate, evaporites, salt domes 

•• 

Organic sediments: 

•• 

Fossil fuel, types of coal, bitumen, surface mining 

•• 

Underground mining: 

hhLongwall, continuous, and retreat mining 

172 

•• 

Metamorphic rocks: 

•• 

Metamorphism: 

hhContact and regional metamorphism 

•• 

Foliated and nonfoliated rocks 

hhCharacteristics of metamorphic rocks 

•• 

Weathering: 

•• 

Physical weathering: 

hhIce wedging, exfoliation 

•• 

Chemical weathering: 

hhCauses, rate 

•• 

Erosion: 

•• 

Erosion by rain: 

hhRunoff, sheet erosion 

•• 

Gullying 

•• 

Erosion by rivers: 

hhHeadwaters, load, river system, drainage basin, drainage divide 

hhTributary, floodplain, levees, meanders, oxbow lake, alluvial fan 

•• 

Erosion by groundwater: 

•• 

Caverns, stalactite, stalagmite, column, sinkhole 

hhDripstone, karst 

•• 

Erosion by the sea: 

•• 

Beaches, sea caves 

hhBars, barrier islands, promontories, sea cliff, sea arches, sea stack 

•• 

Erosion by glaciers: 

hhContinental glaciers, ice caps, valley glaciers, crevasses 

hhCirque, arête, horn, fjord, striae, till, moraine, drumlins 

hhOutwash, kettles, Ice Age 

hhErosion by wind: 

hhAeolian processes, deflation, sand and dust storms, sand dunes 

hhCrescentic, parabolic, and transverse dunes 

hhAbrasion 

hhErosion by gravity: 

hhMass wasting, soil creep, mudflows 

hhAvalanche, landslides, rockfall 

•• 

Preventing erosion: 

•• 

Terracing 

hhStrip-cropping, breakwaters 

Interpreting the Fossil Record 

• 

• Conflicting views of the beginning: 

•• 

Special creation, evolution: 

hhBig bang, theistic evolution 

hhLimitations of geology: principle of uniformity 

hhGeology and the Genesis Flood 

• 

• Uniformitarianism: Charles Lyell, problems with, Charles Darwin 

hhCatastrophism: Georges Cuvier 

•• 

Paleontology: 

•• 

Fossil formation 

hhGeologic column: 

hhEons, eras, periods, epochs, index fossils 

hhImaginary arrangement, circular reasoning, anomalies 

hhRadiometric dating: carbon-14 dating 

hhBiblical explanation of the fossil record 

hhEvidence of a flood: 

hhQuick deposition: massive “graveyards,” polystrate fossils, 

unconformity 

hhLiving fossils: coelacanth, stasis 


Science 


Interpreting the Fossil Record cont. 

•• 

Evidence against evolution: 

h h“Missing links”: 

hhSeymouria, Archaeopteryx, Tiktaalik 

hhCambrian explosion 

hhImpossibility of intermediates 

•• 

Natural selection and intermediates 

•• 

Punctuated equilibrium 

• 

• Evolution of man—a mistaken belief: 

hhMan vs. ape: body structure, upright posture, cranial capacity 

•• 

Questionable intermediates: 

• 

• Ramapithecus, Neanderthal man 

hhAuthralopithecines, Lucy, Homo habilis, Skull 1470 

hhHomo erectus, Java man, Peking man, Cro-Magnon man 

• 

• True origin of man: created in God’s image 

The Seas 

• 

• Water of the seas—oceanography: 

•• 

Characteristics of seawater: 

•• 

Composition, salinity 

hhColor, temperature, density, hydrostatic pressure 

hhIce of the seas: sea ice, icebergs, ice shelf 

• 

• 

• Movement of the seas: 

• Ocean currents: 

hhSurface currents, gyre 

•• 

Gulf Stream, Peru Current 

hhSubsurface currents: density current, turbidity current 

hhUpwelling, countercurrent 

• 

• 

• Waves and related phenomena: 

• Crest, trough 

hhPeriod, whitecaps, ocean swells, breaker, surf 

hhUndertow, longshore current, rip current 

hhTsunami formation, propagation, and warning systems 

• 

• 

• Tides: 

• High, low, spring, neap tides 

hhDiurnal, semidiurnal, mixed semidiurnal 

•• 

Geography of the seas: 

•• 

Continental margin: 

•• 

Continental shelf, continental slope 

hhShelf break, continental rise, submarine canyons 

•• 

Deep ocean floor: 

•• 

Seamount, atoll, lagoon, mid-ocean ridge 

hhAbyssal plain, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, hadal zone 

•• 

Study of the seas: 

•• 

Introduction to oceanography: 

•• 

Matthew Maury 

hhH.M.S. Challenger 

• 

• 

• Vessels of the oceanographer: 

• Submersibles 

hhResearch vessel, bathyscaphe 

hhDeep Submergence Vehicles, remotely operated vehicle 

•• 

Manned undersea laboratories 

• 

• Equipment of the oceanographer: 

hhOceanographic buoys, drift bottles, profiling floats 

hhNiskin bottles, rosette, gravity corer, piston corer 

• 

• Sonar, scuba 

The Atmosphere 

• 

Grade 8 


• Introducing the atmosphere: 

•• 

Atmospheric composition: 

hhHomosphere, heterosphere 

•• 

Composition of air, water vapor, ozone 

•• 

Layers by temperature: 

•• 

Troposphere: 

hhTemperature gradient, tropopause 

•• 

Stratosphere, ozone layer: 

hhTypes of ultraviolet radiation 

•• 

Mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere: 

hhMesopause, thermopause 

•• 

Ionosphere: 

hhCosmic rays, plasma 

•• 

Magnetosphere: 

•• 

Poles, magnetic field, auroras 

hhVan Allen radiation belts 

•• 

Atmospheric pressure: weight of air 

•• 

Heat and the atmosphere: 

•• 

Balanced system: 

hhRadiation, albedo 

•• 

Insolation: 

hhFactors affecting insolation 

hhPerihelion, aphelion, energy budget 

•• 

Greenhouse effect: 

hhGreenhouse gases 

•• 

Heat distribution in the atmosphere: 

hhConduction, convection, convection currents 

•• 

Updrafts, downdrafts 

hhAdiabatic heating and cooling 

•• 

Patterns of circulation: 

•• 

Circulating currents: 

•• 

Low pressure, high pressure, global winds 

hhConvection cell, Hadley cell 

•• 

Coriolis effect: 

hhInertia, cyclone, anticyclone 

•• 

Earth’s wind zones: 

hhIntertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ or doldrums), horse latitudes 

•• 

Trade winds, polar easterlies, prevailing westerlies 

hhJet streams, Rossby waves 

•• 

Local winds: 

hhMonsoon effect 

hhSea, lake, land, and forest breezes 

hhAnabatic, katabatic, fall winds, and the mistral 

hhFoehns, chinooks, Santa Ana winds 

Weather 

•• 

Understanding weather—climate, meteorology: 

•• 

Factors causing weather: heat energy, uneven heat distribution, 

water vapor 

•• 

Atmospheric water vapor: 

•• 

Melting, freezing, precipitation, condensation 

•• 

Saturated, relative humidity 

•• 

Dew and frost points: 

•• 

Dew, frozen dew, frost 

hhCondensation nuclei, frost point, deposition, supercooled, 

freezing nuclei 

173 


Science 


Weather cont. 

•• 

Clouds and fog: 

•• 

Naming clouds: 

•• 

Based on: 

•• 

Shape 

hhHeight 

•• 

Cumulus, stratus, cirrus, and variations of these three 

hhLenticular, contrails 

•• 

Fog: 

•• 

Radiation and steam fog 

hhMist; advection, upslope, and freezing fog 

hhSmog, photochemical smog 

•• 

Precipitation—water cycle 

•• 

Liquid precipitation: 

•• 

Rain, raindrops, snowflakes, drizzle, freezing rain 

hhBergeron process, collision-coalescence process 

•• 

Solid precipitation: 

•• 

Sleet, snow, dendrite, hail 

hhFlurries, snow squall, blizzard, whiteout, glaze, rime 

hhDrought: conditions for; agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic 

droughts 

•• 

Air masses: 

•• 

Types of: 

•• 

Maritime tropical, continental tropical 

•• 

Maritime polar, continental polar, Arctic 

hhAir-mass weather 

• 

• 

• Fronts and weather: 

• Warm and cold fronts 

hhStationary and occluded fronts 

hhFrontal cyclones 

•• 

Thunderstorms, lightning, and tornadoes: 

•• 

Thunderstorms: 

hhStable and unstable air, stages of development 

hhDownbursts, cells, supercell 

•• 

Squall line 

•• 

Lightning: 

•• 

Formation, stepped leader, thunder 

hhReturn stroke, dart leader 

•• 

Types: 

hhNegative and positive cloud-to-ground, hot lightning, 

ground-to-cloud, ball lightning 

•• 

Tornadoes: 

•• 

Formation, dangers 

hhMesocyclone, condensation funnel, occurrence 

hhEnhanced Fujita scale, waterspout, dust devil 

• 

• Hurricanes: 

hhLife of a hurricane: tropical cyclone, tropical disturbance 

hhCyclone categories: 

hhTropical depression, tropical storm 

hhSaffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale 

hhHurricane structure: eye, eye wall 

•• 

Hurricane dangers: 

• 

• Wind, inland flooding 

hhStorm surge 

Grade 8 

•• 

Measuring and forecasting weather: 

•• 

Measuring basics: 

•• 

Thermometer: 

hhMaximum-minimum, bimetallic strip, and electrical thermometers; 

thermograph 

•• 

Barometer: 

•• 

Bar 

hhAneroid barometer, millibars 

•• 

Hygrometer: 

•• 

Psychrometer 

hhWet-bulb depression, hair hygrometer 

•• 

Weather vane 

hhAnemometer 

hhRain gauge, Stevenson Screen 

•• 

Modern measurements: 

hhAutomated instruments, automatic weather stations 

hhTransmissometer, visibility 

•• 

Weather balloons: 

hhRadiosonde 

hhSounding rocket, ceilometers 

•• 

Radar, weather satellite 

hhSummarizing weather conditions: surface weather charts, station 

model, isobars, isotherms 

•• 

Predicting weather conditions: weather forecasts, supercomputers 

•• 

Do-it-yourself forecasting: predictable patterns, analyzing clouds 

Astronomy 

• 


• Solar System: 

•• 

Structure of the solar system: 

•• 

Orbit 

hhGeocentric, Aristotle 

•• 

Ptolemy 

•• 

Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler 

hhHeliocentric 

•• 

Planetary motions: 

•• 

Elliptical paths, Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion 

•• 

Astronomical units 

•• 

Gravity and the solar system: 

•• 

Sir Isaac Newton, law of universal gravitation 

hhOrigin of the solar system: Creation vs. nebular hypothesis 

•• 

Interplanetary space: vacuum 

•• 

Planets: 

•• 

Mercury: speediest planet 

•• 

Venus: 

•• 

Earth’s twin, morning and evening star 

hhRetrograde 

•• 

Earth: 

•• 

Life-sustaining planet 

•• 

Moon, satellite, lunar month, maria 

hhTerrae, rays 

•• 

Phases of the moon, solar eclipse, lunar eclipse 

•• 

Mars: red planet, Phobos, Deimos, Tharsis Bulge, Olympus Mons 

•• 

Jupiter: 

•• 

Largest planet, Great Red Spot, Galilean satellites 

174 


Science 


Grade 8 


Astronomy cont. 

• 

• Saturn: 

•• 

Second-largest, “shepherd moons,” Titan, Iapetus, Mimas, Phoebe 

hhEnceladus 

• 

• 

• Uranus: 

• Retrograde rotation 

hhTitania, Oberon, Miranda, Cordelia, Ophelia 

•• 

Neptune: discovered mathematically before seen 

hhPlanets vs. dwarf planets: Pluto and moons, Eris 

•• 

Asteroids: asteroid belt, Ceres, Trojan asteroids, near-earth 

asteroids 

•• 

Comets: 

hhEdmond Halley 

•• 

Halley’s comet, nucleus, coma, tail 

hhShort-period comet, long-period comet 

•• 

Kuiper belt 

•• 

Meteoroids: meteor, meteor shower, meteorites 

•• 

Constellations: 

hhCelestial sphere: 

hhHorizon, distance between objects, celestial poles 

hhCelestial equator, circumpolar 

•• 

Polaris, zodiac 

hhModern definition of constellation, asterisms 

•• 

Seasonal constellations: 

hhSpring constellations 

hhSummer constellations: Lyra, Vega, Summer Triangle 

hhAutumn and winter constellations 

•• 

Great Square 

•• 

Southern constellations: Centaurus and Crux 

•• 

Sun, stars, and galaxies: 

•• 

Sun: 

•• 

Core, photosphere, granule, sunspots 

hhSupergranules 

•• 

Chromosphere, spicules, solar flares, solar prominence 

hhTransition region 

•• 

Corona, solar wind 

•• 

Stellar measurements: 

•• 

Light-year 

hhParallax, stellar parallax, parsec 

•• 

Star magnitude: apparent magnitude, absolute magnitude 

•• 

Star categories: 

•• 

Temperature and color, temperature and magnitude 

hhHertzsprung-Russell diagram 

•• 

Giants, supergiants, main sequence, white dwarfs 

hhRed dwarfs 

•• 

Stars in groups: 

•• 

Binary star, optical double 

hhOpen clusters, globular clusters 

•• 

Stellar explosions: 

•• 

Nova, supernova, pulsar 

hhNeutron star 

•• 

Galaxies: 

•• 

Milky Way, clusters, Local Group, Andromeda galaxy 

•• 

Superclusters 

•• 

Spiral, barred, elliptical, and irregular galaxies 

hhLenticular galaxies 

hhQuasars 

•• 

Nebulae 

175 

Man & the Universe 

• 

• Instruments of astronomy: 

•• 

Visible light astronomy: 

•• 

Telescope, refracting telescope, objective 

•• 

Eyepiece, reflecting telescope 

hhResolution 

•• 

Spectroscopy: visible spectrum, spectroscope, spectrogram 

•• 

Radio wave astronomy: 

•• 

Radio telescopes 

hhInterferometry 

•• 

Astronomy and time: 

hhMeridian and transits: zenith, nadir, meridian, transit 

•• 

Day and night: 

hhSidereal day 

hhApparent solar day, mean solar day, equation of time 

•• 

Standard solar time, summer time 

•• 

Longer times: lunar month, solar year, week 

•• 

Calendars: 

•• 

Gregorian 

hhJulian, Jewish 

•• 

Ecliptic and climates: 

hhEquinox, precession of the equinoxes, solstice 

•• 

Climate zones 

•• 

Seasons: 

hhRelationship to equinoxes and solstices; lengths 

•• 

Causes 

•• 

History of spaceflight: 

•• 

Rockets: solid-fuel rocket, Robert Goddard, liquid-fuel rocket, 

Wernher von Braun 

•• 

Race to the moon: 

•• 

Sputnik 1, Explorer 1 

•• 

Yuri Gagarin, Alan Shepard, John Glenn, Valentina Tereshkova 

•• 

Gemini and Apollo Programs, Saturn V, Neil Armstrong 

•• 

Manned space stations: Salyut program, Skylab, Mir, International 

Space Station 

•• 

Space shuttle 

•• 

Spaceflight today: 

hhNations in space 

•• 

Private space flights 

•• 

Orbits and satellites: 

•• 

Objects in orbit: 

hhApogee, perigee 

•• 

Geostationary orbit, polar orbit 

hhSun-synchronous orbits, Hohmann transfer orbit 

•• 

Unmanned satellites: 

•• 

Astronomical, communications, weather, navigational 

•• 

Earth observation, military satellites, GPS 

•• 

Unmanned space probes: 

hhEscape velocity 

Environmental Science 

• 

• Environment and pollution: 

•• 

Introduction to environmental science: 

•• 

Biotic and abiotic factors, biogeochemical cycles 

hhPreservationists, conservationists 

•• 

Pantheism 


11558401 

® 

® 

Sound 

Science 


Environmental Science cont. 

• • Pollution basics 

hhLand pollution: landfill, reclaimed, waste-to-energy incinerator, syngas 

hhAir pollution: 

hhPrimary and secondary pollutants, formation and dangers of 

temperature inversion 

hhClean Air Acts 

hhWater pollution: point and non-point sources, coliform bacteria 

hhGlobal change: 

hhAcid rain 

hhOzone depletion: 

hhRowland-Molina hypothesis, freons, halons 

hhOzone-depleting substances, Montreal Protocol 

hhHydrochlorofluorocarbons, fluorocarbons 

•• 

Global warming: anthropogenic global warming, Medieval Climate 

Optimum, Little Ice Age 

Grades 8–9 

red indicates red first indicates introduction NEW of MATERIAL content. 

•• 

Managing our resources: 

•• 

Biblical commands 

•• 

Examining our resources: 

hhNon-renewable and renewable resources 

•• 

Sustainable development, environmental technology 

hhWater reclamation 

•• 

Recycling programs 

•• 

Renewable energy: 

•• 

Solar energy: 

hhActive and passive solar power, photovoltaic cells, concentrating 

solar power 

•• 

Wind power: 

hhWind turbine, wind farm 

hhHydroelectric power 

hhNuclear power: 

hhNuclear chemistry, nuclear fission, nuclear chain reaction 

hhNuclear reactor, breeder reactor 

Science: Matter and Energy Grade 9 

tronics 

´+Wt!f¨ 

9SCIENCE M tter nd Energy 

M tter 

Gravity 

nd 

Energy 

Friction 

Acceleration 

Science: Matter and Energy builds a foundation for future studies in chemistry, physics, and other fields. 

The Christian perspective of this text naturally rejects the unproven hypothe sis of evolution, recognizing 

special c reation as the only reasonable explanation for the universe’s origin. This position is presented 

throughout the text and highlighted in a chapter on origins, which provides evidence against evolution 

and for the reality of the Genesis Creation account. 

Science: Matter and Energy also recognizes God’s command for man to have dominion over creation. 

Thus the purpose of science becomes the application of scientific knowledge for mankind’s benefit. From 

chemistry to physics, the goal is to learn how man might extend his “dominion” and make better use 

of creation. With man’s dominion over the earth comes a responsibility to tend, manage, and conserve 

resources. However, the ultimate purpose of creation must not be forgotten—the earth was made for 

man to inhabit, and its resources were made for man to use. 


•• 

Feature boxes with extra information, articles highlighting 

God’s design in creation 

•• 

Classroom demonstrations with student participation (36) 

•• 

Challenging homework questions to make students think 

more deeply about concepts (63) 


Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Science project with background paper, investigation 

plan, experimentation, follow-up paper, created display, 

oral presentation (counts as test grade) 

•• 


•• 


Introduction to Physical Science 

• 

• Basics of matter and energy: 

•• 

Inertia, force 

•• 

Properties of matter: 

hhPhysical and chemical changes 

•• 

Mass, weight, volume, density, state, temperature 

hhBranches of physical science: physics and chemistry 

•• 

Scientific method: 

•• 

3-step process; theories, laws 

hhPredictions: testability, repeatability 

hhCausality 

hhLimitations of science: scope, assumptions, bias, approximations 

hhBiblical reasons to study science 

176 

Science: Matter and Energy cont. p. 177

Science & Health 

Science: Matter and Energy cont. 

Matter and Energy 

•• 

Measuring matter: 

hhMathematics in science 

hhAccuracy, precision, and significant figures 

•• 

Scientific notation 

•• 

Units: 

•• 

Systems of measurement: 

hhNeed for systems of measurement 

•• 

Metric system / SI: 

hhDefinition of units: meter, liter, kilogram, second 

•• 

Celsius temperature scale 

hhKelvin temperature scale 

•• 

Volume, density, and specific gravity: 

hhMeasuring volume by fluid displacement 

•• 

States of matter: 

hhAtomic theory defined 

hhKinetic theory of matter: 

hhCohesion, Brownian motion, diffusion 

•• 

Osmosis 

•• 

Solids: 

hhCrystalline vs. amorphous solids 

•• 

Properties of solids: 

hhElasticity, resilience, rigidity, plasticity 

•• 

Hardness: 

•• 

Mohs scale 

hhBrinell hardness scale 

hhDeformation of solids: 

hhStretching, compression, bending, shear, torsion 

hhHooke’s law, spring constant 

•• 

Liquids: 

hhAdhesion 

•• 

Surface tension 

•• 

Capillarity: 

hhMeniscus 

•• 

Pressure in liquids: 

hhMathematical definition; SI units 

hhGravitational pressure, Pascal’s principle 

hhHydraulic press 

•• 

Gases: 

hhGas laws: Boyle’s, Charles’s, Amontons’s 

•• 

Atmospheric pressure: 

•• 

Barometers: 

hhPhysical principles 

hhApplications: straws, siphons, vacuum cleaners 

hhFluid displacement: 

hhArchimedes’ principle, buoyancy 

hhBuoyancy in liquids: floating, neutral buoyancy 

hhBuoyancy in air 

hhBernoulli’s principle: 

hhApplication to flight: forces on flight, control surfaces, streamlining 

hhOther applications: hydrofoils, curve balls, carburetors 

•• 

Energy: 

hhSI unit 

•• 

Forms: 

hhRadiant, mechanical 

• 

• Energy changes: 

hhConservation of matter and energy 

• 

• Kinetic energy: 

hhForms; calculation of translational kinetic energy 

• 

• Potential energy: 

hhFundamental forces: relationship to potential energy 

hhTypes 

hhCalculation of gravitational potential energy 

• 

• Heat and thermal energy: 

hhFactors affecting thermal energy 

hhThermal equilibrium 

hhHeat capacity and specific heat 

hhCalorimetry 

•• 

Thermal expansion: 

hhExplained 

• 

• Heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation: 

hhDirection 

hhApplications: Dewar flask, indoor heating 

hhThermodynamics: laws of thermodynamics; mechanical equivalent 

of heat, Carnot engine, entropy, perpetual motion 

•• 

State changes: 

hhFreezing point depression, latent heat, heat of fusion 

hhVolatile, nonvolatile 

hhScientific definition of boiling; boiling point elevation, heat of 

vaporization 

hhVapor pressure: relationship to boiling point; critical temperature 

hhHeat pumps 

hhSublimation, deposition 

Chemistry 

• 

• Foundations of chemistry: 

•• 

Chemistry and matter: 

hhBrief history 

•• 

Definition, characteristics of matter, atomic theory 

•• 

Elements and compounds 

hhHistory of atomic symbols 

•• 

Inside the atom: 

•• 

Nucleus with protons and neutrons, atomic number, electrons: 

hhQuarks, electron shells, types of ions 

hhMass number, atomic mass 

•• 

Atomic models: 

hhQuantum theory, uncertainty principle, quantum numbers, Pauli 

exclusion principle 

•• 

Nuclear chemistry: 

hhNuclear decay 

•• 

Fission and fusion 

hhDetails of process 

Grade 9 


177 




Chemistry cont. 

• 

• Electrons and chemical properties: 

•• 

Valence electron, periodic table of elements: 

hhPeriods and groups 

•• 

Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals 

hhTransition metals, inner transition metals 

hhGroups 13–16 

•• 

Halogens, noble gases 

•• 

Molecules and chemistry: 

•• 

Compounds and mixtures: 

hhMolecular mass, isomers 

hhPure substance, homogeneous, heterogeneous 

hhSolutions, solubility, colloids 

• 

• 

• Chemical bonds: 

• Covalent bonds: 

hhSingle, double, triple; Lewis structures 

hhPolar and nonpolar; electronegativity, partial charge 

hhCovalent network, formula unit 

•• 

Ionic bonds: 

hhPolyatomic ions; ionic crystals 

hhMetallic bonds 

hhBasic chemical nomenclature; types of chemical formulas 

hhIntermolecular forces: 

hhTypes, characteristics, and relative strength 

hhEffects on physical properties: solid structure, state changes, 

solubility 

•• 

Chemical reactions: 

hhReactants, products 

•• 

Chemical equations, conservation of mass: 

hhBalancing equations 

hhChemical thermodynamics: 

hhEndothermic and exothermic reactions 

hhEntropy in chemical reactions 

hhChemical kinetics: activation energy, factors affecting reaction 

rates; catalysts 

hhChemical equilibrium: Le Châtelier’s principle 

hhTypes of chemical reactions 

• 

• Salts 

hhChemistry of acids and bases: pH as a measure of concentration 

hhRedox reactions and electrochemistry: 

hhBasic terms 

hhTypes and chemistry of electrochemical cells 

hhOrganic chemistry: 

hhUniqueness of carbon, hydrocarbon nomenclature 

hhAlkanes, alkenes, alkynes 

hhAromatics, substituted hydrocarbons, soaps, and polymers 

•• 

Biochemistry: 

•• 

Carbohydrates, lipids: 

hhDisaccharides, glycogen, structure of fats, types of cholesterol 

hhChemistry and structure of proteins, types and structure of 

nucleic acids 

•• 

Metabolism: 

hhChemistry of ATP 

Science vs. Evolution 

•• 

Biblical view of origins: 

Grade 9 


hhOrigin of time, space, matter, and energy 

• 

• 

• History of evolutionary philosophy: 

• Darwin, Lyell, Origin of Species, uniformitarianism 

hhThomas Huxley 

hhMovement to the U.S.: Asa Gray, James Dana 

• 

• Theistic evolution 

hhNeo-Darwinism defined; evolution and secular humanism 

• 

• 

• Evolutionary views of origins: 

• Chemical evolution and big bang theory 

hhStanley Miller’s experiment 

•• 

Modern opposition to evolution: 

•• 

Rise of Creation science 

hhNotable figures and organizations 

•• 

Notable scientists who believed in Creation: 

•• 

Isaac Newton 

hhWilliam Gilbert, Samuel Morse 

hhEvidences against evolution from chemistry and physics: 

hhImpossibility of chemical evolution, DNA complexity, interpretation 

of DNA 

hhInverse square laws, second law of thermodynamics, decay of earth’s 

magnetic field 

hhComplexity of the human brain; bat echolocation; electric fish 

Motion 

•• 

Describing motion: 

hhBrief history of physics 

hhScalar and vectors, distance and displacement, simple vector addition 

•• 

Speed 

hhVelocity 

hhAcceleration 

•• 

Newton’s laws of motion: 

hhSecond and third laws 

•• 

Forces in nature: 

hhQuantitative treatment of gravity 

hhCircular motion: centripetal and centrifugal force 

•• 

Friction: 

hhCauses and types of friction 

hhQuantitative treatment 

•• 

Work: 


hhPower, momentum 

•• 

Simple machines: 

hhMechanical advantage, efficiency 

•• 

Types of simple machines: 

•• 

Lever, wheel and axle, inclined plane 

hhPulley, wedge, screw 

•• 

Waves and energy: 

•• 

Medium, structure of waves 

hhTypes of waves 

•• 

Measurement of wave properties: 

•• 

Wavelength, frequency 

hhPeriod, amplitude, speed 

hhWave behavior 

178 




Motion cont. 

• 

• Sound waves: 

•• 

Nature and transmission of sound waves 

•• 

History of understanding of sound waves 

hhIntensity, loudness 

• 

• Pitch: 

hhAudible, infrasonic, and ultrasonic sounds 

hhDoppler effect 

hhQuantitative treatment of speed, shock waves 

•• 

Behavior of sound waves: 

• 

• Reflection: 

hhEchoes 

•• 

Sonar 

hhMinimizing reflection: acoustics 

hhRefraction, diffraction, interference 

hhMusic: 

hhScientific definition 

hhInterference in music: 

hhConsonance, dissonance, interval 

hhBeats, harmonic series, timbre 

hhResonance 

hhMain types of acoustic musical instruments 

Light & Color 

• 

• Nature of light: 

•• 

History of theories of light 

hhQuantitative relationship between wavelength and frequency 

• 

• Dual nature of light 

•• 

Color: 

hhRelationship to frequency and wavelength; additive and subtractive 

mixing, primary colors 

•• 

Behavior of light: 

hhReflection, refraction, mirage, scintillation, rainbow formation 

hhInterference, diffraction, polarization 

•• 

Electromagnetic radiation: 

•• 

Electromagnetic spectrum 

hhProperties of radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, 

x-rays, and gamma rays 

hhRelationship between frequency and energy 

hhLaser light formation, properties, and uses 

•• 

Speed of light: 

hhConstant 

hhBrief overview of Einstein’s special and general relativity 

Electricity & Magnetism 

•• 

Electrostatics: 

hhBrief history 

• 

• Electric charge and fields, law of electric charges 

hhQuantitative treatment of law of electric force 

hhTransferring charges: 

hhConduction, conservation, grounding 

hhInduction 

hhNature of current in gases, liquids, solids 

hhElectroscope 

hhElectrostatic generators: 

hhPrinciples of operation 

•• 

Lightning: 

•• 

Stepped leader, return stroke 

•• 

Lightning rods 

hhLeyden jar, capacitor 

hhUsing static electricity 

•• 

Magnets and magnetism: 

•• 

Brief history, law of magnetic poles, magnetic fields 

hhQuantitative treatment of law of magnetic force 

hhPermeability 

hhElectron spin, domains 

hhTypes of materials: diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic 

hhMethods of magnetization 

•• 

Electromagnets: 

hhLeft-hand rule, strength 

•• 

Demagnetization 

hhMagnetic deflection 

•• 

Magnetic earth: 

hhCompass, dipping needle 

hhMagnetic declination, isogonic lines 

hhMagnetic inclination, isoclinic lines 

•• 

Magnetosphere 

hhCelestial magnets 

hhElectric current: 

hhMoving charges, direct and alternating current, voltage 

hhCurrent, power, kilowatt-hours 

hhResistance, Ohm’s law: 

hhReducing resistance, resistors 

hhJoule heat, superconductors 

hhElectric circuits: 

hhComponents of a circuit, closed / open circuits 

hhShort circuits, fuses and breakers 

hhSeries and parallel circuits 

hhUsing electricity: 

hhIncandescent, fluorescent, and neon lamps 

hhCFLs and LEDs 

hhSolenoid, telegraph, relay, and loudspeaker 

hhBasic structure and motions of electric motors 

hhProducing electricity: 

hhElectrochemical cells: 

hhBatteries in series and parallel 

hhElectromagnetic induction: 

hhAC and DC generation 

hhMHD generators, transformers 

Grade 9 


179



Electricity & Magnetism cont. 

•• 

Electronics: 

hhFoundations of electronics: 

hhVacuum tubes, cathode-ray tubes, picture tubes, x-ray tubes 

hhThermionic emission, diodes, triodes 

•• 

Semiconductor electronics: 

hhHow a semiconductor works, doping 

hhDiodes, transistors 

•• 

Photovoltaic cells 

hhLED, semiconductor lasers 

hhIntegrated circuit production and application 

Grade 9 


hhElectronic computers: 

hhHistory of the computer: ENIAC and UNIVAC I 

hhAnalog vs. digital 

hhBinary and hexadecimal number systems, logic gates 

hhProcessing, storage, data transfer 

hhHardware, software 

hhModern computers: PCs, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers 

hhRobotics 

Health Grade 9 

Health in Christian Perspective will enable students to gain a deeper knowledge of the anatomy 

and physiology of the human body. They will be encouraged to reach out to others and to live 

a happy, healthy life as they maintain a consistent walk with the Lord. They will learn how to 

maintain their physical health through good nutrition and fitness with an emphasis on cardiorespiratory 

and musculoskeletal health. 

A study of the nervous system in light of biblical principles encourages students to maintain 

good mental and emotional health. Practical aspects of safety and first aid are included in the 

middle of the course. Students will also learn how the immune system works to prevent disease, 

how to avoid drug abuse, and how to pursue a right relationship with God and others. 


•• 

Sidebars containing extra health facts, 

checklist for personal health, and applications 

of health information (185) 

•• 

Feature boxes including biblical discernment, medical 

careers, and articles on health-related issues (20) 

•• 

Atlas of human anatomy 


Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Tests (4) 

•• 

9-weeks exam, final exam 

Developing a Healthy Body 

• 

• Growth and development: 

•• 

Fetus development from conception to birth 

•• 

Infancy 

hhAdolescent development 

•• 

Endocrinology: 

•• 

Endocrine glands and hormones: 

hhSomatotropin, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, estrogens, 

testosterone, melatonin 

•• 

Regulating metabolism, physical changes, and sleep 

•• 

Nutritional needs: 

•• 

Gastroenterology: digestion; anatomy and physiology of organs 

in the digestive system 

hhGingiva, root canal, uvula, chyme 

•• 

Macronutrients: 

•• 

Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, proteins, fats and oils: 

hhEssential amino acids; triglycerides 

•• 

Micronutrients: vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, water 

•• 

Healthful food choices: 

•• 

Energy from food: 

hhKilocalorie / calorie, basal metabolism, food guide pyramid 

•• 

Nutritional balance: acceptable weight range, weight control 

Maintaining Personal Health 

• 

• Cardiorespiratory fitness: 

•• 

Cardiology: anatomy and physiology of organs in the cardiovascular 

system: 

hhSeptum 

•• 

Blood pressure and heart rate: 

hhRadial and carotid pulse, stroke volume 

•• 

Pneumology: anatomy and physiology of organs in respiratory 

system: 

hhLung capacity 

•• 

Musculoskeletal health: 

•• 

Osteology: anatomy and physiology of skeletal system: 

hhDivisions of the backbone 

hhArm and leg bones, periosteum 

hhCompact and spongy bones 

hhGliding, saddle, and ellipsoid joints 

•• 

Myology: anatomy and physiology of muscular system: 

hhFast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers 

hhFlexors and extensors 

•• 

Review 7 muscles and groups 

hhLearn 10 muscles and groups 

180 

Health cont. p. 181


Health cont. 

Maintaining Personal Health cont. 

• 

• Exercise and fitness: 

•• 

Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 

hhStrength training 

•• 

Assessing physical fitness: 

hhCardiorespiratory endurance 

•• 

Muscular strength and endurance 

•• 

Measuring flexibility, body fat content 

•• 

Total workout: warm-up, work out (training heart rate), cool down, 

overload 

hhEnergy for exercise: 

hhAerobic and anaerobic processes 

hhEnergy efficiency, sports nutrition, maintaining hydration 

•• 

Benefits of exercise 

•• 

Personal hygiene: 

•• 

Your protective covering: skin, below the dermis, throughout the 

dermis, above the dermis 

•• 

Good grooming: 

•• 

Basic skin care, clear complexion, hair that flatters 

•• 

Healthy nails, healthy smile 

•• 

UV protection and skin cancer prevention: 

hhTypes of skin cancer 

hhConsumer awareness 

Keeping a Sound Mind 

• 

• Nervous system: 

•• 

Neurology: anatomy and physiology of organs in the nervous system: 

hhNeuron anatomy and types 

•• 

Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system 

hhLimbic system, somatic and autonomic nervous system 

•• 

Sensory receptors: 

hhSenses of the skin: pain, mechanoreceptors, and thermoreceptors 

hhSenses of smell and taste: chemoreceptors 

•• 

Sense of sight: 

•• 

Anatomy of the eye, vision (rod and cone cells) 

hhDefective vision 

•• 

Sense of hearing: 

•• 

Anatomy of the ear 

•• 

Hearing damage: 

hhDecibels, sensorineural (nerve) deafness 

•• 

Brain and the mind 

hhRecognizing mental disorders: 

hhKinds of mental disorders: eating, anxiety, depression 

•• 

Good mental health: 

hhManaging stress: kinds of stress, stress and body systems 

•• 

Mental and emotional well-being: 

•• 

Benefits of exercise, sufficient sleep, thinking right thoughts, 

controlling emotions, exercising your brain 

hhPracticing biblical discernment: biblical discernment and suicide 

Practicing Personal Safety 

• 

• Household hazards: 

•• 

Electrocution, falls, firearms 

•• 

Fires and burns: fire and burn prevention, fire precautions 

•• 

Poisoning: 

hhIngested, inhaled, and absorbed toxins 

• 

• 

• Reducing risks: 

• Self protection 

hhProtection of others, protection at work 

•• 

Recreational safeguards: 

•• 

Sport safety: 

hhDehydration 

•• 

Heat exhaustion, heat stroke 

•• 

Water sports: 

hhSwimming safety 

hhBoating basics PWCs (personal watercraft) 

•• 

Water rescue techniques 

hhSkating 

•• 

Wilderness recreation: 

•• 

Poisonous plants and animals: dermatitis, poisonous snakes 

hhWilderness supplies and precautions 

hhHunting 

•• 

Winter sports: 

•• 

Frostbite 

hhSpecific safety tips 

hhRecreational vehicles: snowmobiles, ATVs (all-terrain vehicles) 

•• 

Safety on the road: 

•• 

Bicycle basics 

hhMopeds and motorcycles: determining risks, developing skills 

hhMotor vehicle safety: 

hhTraffic accidents 

hhThe leading cause of accidental deaths in the United States 

hhSafe actions, courteous driving 

hhAlcohol and traffic safety 

•• 

Environmental safety: 

•• 

Natural disasters: 

hhBlizzards, floods 

•• 

Earthquakes, hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes 

•• 

Environmental hazards: 

•• 

Man’s responsibility, pollution problems, radical environmentalism 

hhChecks and balances, assessing risks, proper balance 

Administering First Aid 

• 

• Emergency preparedness: 

•• 

Knowing priorities: 

•• 

Check, call, care 

•• 

Check airway, breathing, and severe bleeding 

hhVital signs 

•• 

Respiratory emergencies: 

•• 

Head-tilt and chin-lift position 

hhRescue breathing 

•• 

Choking: 

hhUnconscious victim, self, infant 

hhDrowning 

•• 

Circulatory emergencies: 

hhCPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) instructions 

•• 

Severe bleeding-care instructions 

hhShock-care instructions 

hhRecovery position 

Grade 9 


181 

Health cont. p. 182


Health cont. 

Administering First Aid cont. 

• 

• First aid procedures: 

•• 

Care instructions for burns: 

•• 

First-, second-, and third-degree burns 

•• 

Chemical burns (eye injury care) 

•• 

Care instructions for: 

hhConvulsions, fainting 

•• 

Dislocations, electric shock 

•• 

Fractures: closed and open 

•• 

Frostbite 

•• 

Hyperthermia: heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke 

hhHyperventilation 

• 

•• 

Poisoning: 

• 

• Hypothermia, nosebleeds 

• Ingested toxins 

hhInhaled and absorbed toxins 

• 

• 

• Snakebites: pit vipers (hemolitic), coral snake (neurotoxin) 

• Stings and bites: 

hhAnimal bites (rabies and tetanus) 

•• 

Insect stings, tick bites (lyme disease) 

•• 

Strains and sprains: 

•• 

Strain: muscle or tendon stretch or tear 

•• 

Sprain: ligament stretch or tear 

•• 

Wounds: 

hhClosed wound or contusion, internal bleeding, open wound 

•• 

Incisions, abrasions 

hhLacerations, punctures 

Preventing Diseases 

• 

• Immunology: 

•• 

White blood cells: leukocytes (phagocytes and lymphocytes) 

•• 

Antibodies 

•• 

Lymphatic system: tissue fluid, lymph vessels, lymph nodes 

•• 

Other body defenses: 

hhBone marrow, brain, colon, lacrimal glands, liver, lungs 

•• 

Mucous membranes, skin, stomach, tonsils and adenoids 

•• 

Infectious diseases and defenses: 

•• 

Classification of diseases: 

•• 

Infectious diseases, noninfectious diseases 

hhAcute, chronic 

• 

• 

• 

• Communicable and noncommunicable 

• Causes of infectious diseases: 

• Bacteria, viruses 

hhProtozoa, fungi, parasitic worms 

•• 

Spread of infectious diseases: 

•• 

Airborne pathogens, contaminated surfaces, direct contact 

•• 

Infected animals, contaminated food or water 

•• 

Immunity against disease: 

hhGaining immunity (activated lymphocytes and antibodies) 

hhAcquired, inborn, and species immunity 

•• 

Medical defenses: vaccines, drugs, and antibiotics 

•• 

Noninfectious diseases and disabilities: 

•• 

Leading causes of death (listed in a chart) 

•• 

Degenerative diseases: 

•• 

Osteoporosis 

hhDementia, Parkinson’s disease 

182 

hhBiblical discernment and euthanesia 

•• 

Genetic and congenital diseases 

• 

• Hormonal diseases: diabetes mellitus 

hhBiblical discernment and abortion 

•• 

Immunological diseases: 

•• 

Allergies 

hhAsthma, autoimmune diseases: 

Grade 9 


hhSelected autoimmune diseases: Grave’s, lupus, multiple sclerosis, 

psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis 

hhNutritional diseases 

hhPsychosomatic diseases 

hhDiseases caused by harmful substances 

•• 

Cancer: 

•• 

Causes 

hhTypes, development 

•• 

Treatment 

hhDisabilities: impaired mobility, hearing, speech, sight 

•• 

Systemic diseases and disorders: 

•• 

Cardiovascular diseases—leading cause of death: 

hhHypertension, arteriosclerosis 

•• 

Atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease 

hhAngina 

•• 

Heart attack, arrhythmia 

hhVentricular fibrillation, congestive heart failure, stroke, aneurysm 

•• 

Dermatopathy: 

•• 

Acne 

hhAthlete’s foot, dandruff, warts 

hhEndocrinopathy: ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia 

•• 

Gastrointestinal diseases and disorders: 

•• 

Dental caries, periodontitis 

hhGingivitis, appendicitis 

hhColorectal cancer 

•• 

Dysentery 

hhFood-borne illnesses: salmonella, E. coli, and staphylococcus 

poisoning; botulism 

•• 

Peptic ulcer 

hhHemopathy: anemia 

hhHemophilia 

hhHepatopathy: hepatitis, viral hepatitis 

•• 

Immune-deficiency and lymphatic diseases: 

•• 

AIDS, HIV 

hhMononucleosis 

hhMusculoskeletal diseases: arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid 

arthritis, bursitis, back pain 

•• 

Nervous system diseases and disorders: 

•• 

Concussion 

hhAmnesia, coma, meningitis, encephalitis, shingles, cerebral palsy, 

epilepsy 

•• 

Pneumopathy: 

•• 

Common cold 

hhBronchitis, influenza, pneumonia, tuberculosis 

hhUropathy: kidney failure, kidney stones 

hhBiblical discernment and organ donation 

•• 

Personal health care: 

hhMedical examination: medical history, general health, physical exam 

•• 

Disease prevention 

Health cont. p. 183

92878004 

® 

® 

® 

Third Edition 

® 


Health cont. 

Avoiding Drug Abuse 

• 

• Drug use and medicines: 

•• 

Drugs as medicine: drug, medicine, OTC, prescription, antibiotics 

•• 

Pain relievers: 

•• 

Anesthetics 

•• 

Analgesics: 

hhAspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen 

hhOther common medicines: antihistimines 

•• 

Use medicines responsibly 

•• 

Drug abuse and the body systems: 

•• 

Effects of drug use: 

hhPsychoactive drugs, physical vs. psychological dependence 

•• 

Addiction, tolerance 

•• 

Narcotics: 

•• 

Opiates: 

hhMorphine, codeine 

• 

• Heroin 

hhOpioids 

•• 

Hallucinogens: 

hhPsychedelic drugs, LSD, flashback, PCP, MDMA, ketamine 

• 

• 

• Stimulants: 

• Cocaine, crack 

hhAmphetamines 

•• 

Methamphetamine 

•• 

Depressants: 

hhBarbiturates, benzodiazepines (valium, rohypnol) 

• 

• Marijuana and related drugs: 

hhCannabinoids 

•• 

Inhalants 

hhSteroids 

hhLong-term effects of drug abuse 

• 

• Preventing drug abuse 

Grades 9–10 


•• 

Alcohol and health: 

•• 

Alcohol is the most widely abused drug in the world 

•• 

Forms of alcohol 

•• 

Immediate effects: 

•• 

On the brain, liver, and other organs 

•• 

Depressant 

hhAlcohol poisoning 

•• 

Long-term effects: 

•• 

Alcoholism 

hhDelirium tremens 

• 

• 

• 

• Liver and cardiovascular disease 

• Gastrointestinal disorders 

• Alcohol and society: 

hhCrimes 

• 

• Accidents 

hhFetal alcohol syndrome 

hhWhy people drink 

• 

• 

•• 

Effects of smoking: 

• 

•• 

Effects on nonsmokers 

• 

• Tobacco and health: 

• Tobacco as a drug: nicotine 

• Heart disease, respiratory problems, emphysema, cancer risks 

• Smokeless tobacco 

hhBiblical discernment and substance abuse 

Pursuing Right Relationships 

•• 

Putting God first: 

hhBecoming spiritually fit: continuous workout, resting in Him 

•• 

Maintaining spiritual fitness: 

• 

• Essential nutrition, power through prayer 

hhExercise forgiveness 

•• 

Thinking of others: 

hhMaturing relationships: responsible behavior, effective communication, 

wholesome associations 

hhFamily interactions: parent-child relationships, sibling relationships 

• 

• Close friendships: friendship qualities, influence from peers 

Biology Grade 10 

Biology: God’s Living Creation deals with one of the most fascinating subjects known to man. Students 

begin with a combination of field, text, and lab work to take a closer look at plants. They will use the 

microscope and dissections as they study the Creator’s provision for plants and animals. The anatomy 

and physiology of the human body are studied using the Transvision ® view of the human body, which 

shows some of the body systems. 

´|wp$)¨ 

Students will look deeper into the micro-cosmos as they learn some of man’s latest discoveries about 

the most complicated structure in all of creation: the living cell. They will see the intricate detail that 

God has built into living things and His master plan for transmitting information within an organism and 

from one generation of organisms to the next. Students will also understand just how far man still has 

to go to gain a complete understanding of God’s living creation. 


Evaluation 

• Feature articles with information about God’s design, provision, 

•• 


and the wonders of His creation (65) 

•• 


• Laboratory exercises (25) 

•• 

Science project (counts as test grade) 

• Application and Critical Thinking questions for every chapter 

•• 


•• 



183 

Biology cont. p. 184

Science Grade 10 

Biology cont. 

Botany 

•• 

Angiosperms: 

•• 

Introduction to biology: definition and major fields of study 

•• 

Parts of a green plant: flowers, leaves, stems, roots 

•• 

Nitrogen cycle 

•• 

Families of angiosperms: 

•• 

Composite, mint, parsley, rose, pea, lily 

hhMustard, nightshade, cashew 

•• 

Monocots and dicots: 

•• 

Types of angiosperms: characteristics of monocots and dicots 

•• 

Grasses: 

•• 

Cereal crops 

hhTurf grasses, other grasses 

• 

• Broadleaf trees: 

•• 

Observing trees, characteristics of trees 

hhGuide to familiar American broadleaf trees by groups—bark, 

leaves, fruits, and crown shapes are pictured and explained 

•• 

Leaves: 

hhSystems and organs in plants 

•• 

External structure of leaves: 

•• 

Leaf shapes 

•• 

Parts of a leaf: 

hhStipule 

•• 

Simple and compound leaves 

•• 

Arrangement of leaves on stems: 

•• 

Nodes, opposite, alternate, whorled, and rosette 

•• 

Phototropism 

hhThree types of plant tissues: structural, vascular, and meristematic 

•• 

Structure of leaves: 

hhEpidermis, mesophyll 

•• 

Veins, parts of plant cells 

•• 

Photosynthesis: 

hhThylakoids, light and dark reactions 

•• 

Products of photosynthesis: 

hhFactors that influence photosynthesis 

•• 

Fall coloration of leaves and special leaves: 

•• 

Leaf pigments, abscission layer 

hhCellulase 

hhWater pressure and wilting 

•• 

Flowers, fruits, and seeds: 

•• 

Flower parts: 

•• 

Sepals, petals, stamen, pistil 

hhComplete and incomplete flowers 

hhMonoecious vs. dioecious 

hhFactors affecting flowering: photoperiodism 

•• 

Development of fruits and seeds: pollination, fertilization 

•• 

Formation, types, and function of fruits: 

hhSimple, aggregate, and multiple fruits 

•• 

Seed dispersal 

•• 

Structure of seeds: parts of the embryo, germination 

•• 

Stems and roots: 

•• 

External structure of woody stems: 

•• 

Buds, scales, bud-scale scars, growth 

hhBundle scars 

184 


•• 

Internal structure of woody stems: 

•• 

Bark, pith 

•• 

Wood: 

•• 

Heartwood, sapwood, annual rings 

hhTracheids 

hhHerbaceous stems: dicots and monocots 

•• 

Vegetative reproduction: 

hhAsexual reproduction, cutting, layering, grafting, budding, culturing 

•• 

Special stems: bulbs, corms, rhizomes, stolons, tendrils, tubers, 

thorns 

•• 

Root systems: 

•• 

Taproots, fibrous roots 

•• 

Structure: 

•• 

Root hairs, root cortex 

hhEpidermis, central vascular cylinder 

•• 

Primary and secondary growth 

•• 

Root’s absorption and transportation of water: 

•• 

Diffusion, osmosis, capillarity 

hhAdhesion, cohesion, sap stream 

•• 

Variety in the world of plants: 

•• 


•• 

Linnaeus, John Ray 

•• 

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, scientific 

name 

hhPhylogeny, domains 

•• 

Conifers and other gymnosperms: 

•• 

Characteristics and reproduction of conifers, cycads, and ginkgo 

trees 

hhAlternation of generations 

•• 

Ferns, club mosses, and horsetails: 

•• 

Spores 

hhStructures and life cycle of ferns 

•• 

Club mosses, horsetails 

hhLycopodium 

•• 

Mosses and liverworts: 

•• 

Structures of moss 

hhUses, types and life cycle of mosses 

•• 

Liverwort characteristics 

•• 

Algae: 

•• 

Characteristics 

•• 

Green algae: 

hhDesmids 

•• 

Brown algae: 

hhGulfweed 

•• 

Yellow, red, and blue-green algae 

hhDinoflagellates 

•• 

Fungi: 

•• 

Importance 

•• 

Club fungi: 

hhRust life cycle 

•• 

Molds: 

hhParasitic molds 

•• 

Sac fungi 

hhSlime molds 

•• 

Lichens 


Science 

Biology cont. 

Human Anatomy & Physiology 

• 

• Fearfully and wonderfully made: 

•• 

Wonders of the human body: the crown of God’s creation 

•• 

Introduction to body cavities: 

hhCranial, spinal 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• Thoracic, abdominal 

• Body systems: introduction to eleven systems 

• Tissues: 

• Four main types 

• Tissue fluids 

hhMembranes: four main types 

•• 

Cells 

hhMatrix 

• 

• 

• Vestigial organs: brief discussion 

• Prenatal development of the systems: brief discussion 

hhWhat abortion is: description of six types of abortion procedures 

•• 

Bones and muscles: 

hhDetailed discussion of axial skeleton 

hhDetailed discussion of appendicular skeleton 

•• 

Bones: 

•• 

Classification 

•• 

Structure: 

hhDiaphysis, epiphysis, medullary cavity 

hhTissues 

•• 

Bone growth and development: 

hhMaintenance 

•• 

Nutrition 

•• 

Exercise: 

hhWolff’s law 

hhConstruction 

•• 

Fracture and repair 

•• 

Joints: 

hhSynovial fluid 

•• 

Ligaments, types of joints, problems with joints 

•• 

Muscles: 

•• 

Types 

hhSpecific muscles for moving different parts of the body 

•• 

Structure of skeletal muscles: 

hhFascia, tendons, fibers, and neuromuscular junction; muscle 

control 

•• 

Muscles and exercise: hypertrophy, atrophy, red and white fibers 

•• 

The nervous system: 

•• 

Divisions of the nervous system: 

•• 

Central nervous system: 

hhGlial cells, gray and white matter, myelin, ganglia, plexus, 

poliomyelitis 

•• 

Peripheral nervous system: 

hhMixed nerves 

•• 

Autonomic nervous system 

hhNerves: median nerve, Schwann cells, multiple sclerosis 

•• 

How neurons work: 

hhAction potential 

•• 

Synapse, neurotransmitter 

hhInhibitors 

•• 

Parkinson’s disease 

•• 

Reflex action: 

hhReflex arc 

185 

Grade 10 


•• 

Parts of the brain: 

•• 

Cerebrum: 

•• 

Hemispheres 

hhCorpus callosum 

•• 

Cerebral cortex, lobes, cerebral palsy 

•• 

Cerebellum: 

•• 

Location 

hhStructure 

•• 

Function, purpose 

•• 

Brain stem: medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, reticular formation 

•• 

Limbic system: 

•• 

Thalamus, hypothalamus 

hhHippocampus, amygdala 

•• 

The mind and the brain: 

hhBehaviorism 

•• 

Neurological health: 

•• 

Caring for the nervous system: 

hhREM sleep 

•• 

Importance of avoiding alcohol: 

hhNeuritis 

•• 

Injuries to the nervous system: 

hhSciatica 

•• 

Stroke, concussion, amnesia, coma 

•• 

Neurological diseases: 

•• 

Tetanus, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy 

•• 

Dementia: 

hhAcute confusion, senile dementia 

•• 

Arteriosclerotic dementia 

•• 

Senses: 

hhSomatic vs. special senses 

•• 

Skin sensations 

•• 

Chemical senses (taste and smell): 

hhTaste bud structure 

hhPrimary odors 

•• 

Hearing: 

hhMalleus, incus, stapes 

hhTinnitus 

•• 

Vision: 

•• 

Protection of the eye: socket, eyelid, lacrimal glands 

hhEye movement 

•• 

Eye structure and function: 

•• 

Sclera 

•• 

Uvea: 

hhChoroid, ciliary body 

•• 

Iris, pupil 

•• 

Retina: 

hhFovea 

hhStructure and function of rod and cone cells; rhodopsin; color 

vision, persistence of vision 

hhBlind spot 

hhAqueous humor, vitreous humor 

•• 

Lens 

•• 

Defective vision: 

•• 

Nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, night blindness 

hhPresbyopia, colorblindness 

hhGlaucoma 


Science 

Biology cont. 


• 

• Nutrition and digestion: 

•• 

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids: 

hhIncomplete proteins 

•• 

Vitamins, minerals and water: importance, function, results of deficiencies: 

hhCoenzymes 

hhScurvy, pellagra, pernicious anemia, xerophthalmia 

hhIntracellular vs. extracellular fluid 

hhEdema 

• 

• 

•• 

Limiting fats, sugars and salts 

• 

• Nutritional and caloric intake: 

• Breads and grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, meats and beans 

• Calories, metabolism 

hhObesity 

• 

• 

• 

• Beginning of the digestive system: 

• Alimentary canal, digestion, enzymes, glands 

• Oral cavity: 

hhPalate, bolus, papillae 

hhWisdom tooth, impacted, mastication 

•• 

Esophagus: peristalsis, epiglottis 

•• 

Stomach and intestines: 

•• 

Stomach structure and function: 

hhHunger contractions 

•• 

Gastric juice, hydrochloric acid, chyme 

hhIntrinsic factor 

hhCardiac and pyloric sphincter 

•• 

The liver and pancreas in digestion: 

•• 

Bile, gallbladder 

hhBile salts, emulsification, common bile duct 

•• 

Pancreatic juice 

hhSodium bicarbonate production by the pancreas 

•• 

Small intestine: 

•• 

Primary organ of digestion and absorption 

•• 

Divisions of the small intestine 

•• 

Villi 

hhMicrovilli, lacteal 

• 

• Insulin, glucagon 

hhUrea 

• 

• 

• 

• Colon: function and structures 

• Gastrointestinal disorders: 

• Food poisoning 

hhDyspepsia 

• 

• Ulcers, effects of alcohol 

hhConstipation, diarrhea 

•• 

Dysentery, colon cancer 

•• 

Circulation and respiration: 

•• 

Blood: cardiovascular system, arteries, veins, capillaries 

•• 

Composition of blood: 

•• 

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets: 

hhPlasma proteins, circulatory shock 

hhRed blood cell production, leukemia 

hhBlood types: antigens or agglutinogens, universal donors and 

recipients, Rh factor 

•• 

Design of the heart: 

•• 

Structure: 

hhLayers, valves, and skeleton 

•• 

Blood flow: 

•• 

Through the heart 

hhTo the heart 

Grade 10 


hhTypes, symptoms, and treatment of heart failure 

hhHeart beats, detailed structure and function of cardiac muscle, 

electrical system 

•• 

Circulation of blood: 

•• 

Arteries, veins, and capillaries: 

hhStructure of blood vessels 

hhDetails of systemic circulation 

•• 

Pulmonary circulation 

hhPortal and renal circulations 

•• 

Atherosclerosis 

•• 

Blood pressure and pulse 

•• 

Cardiovascular health: leading cause of death, treatment 

•• 

Anatomy and function of respiratory system: 

hhTypes of respiration: external, internal, and cellular 

•• 

Organs of respiration: 

hhNasal meatuses 

•• 

Throat structures 

•• 

Trachea, bronchi 

•• 

Lungs: 

•• 

Bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma 

•• 

Pleural membrane: 

hhPleurisy 

•• 

Diaphragm 

•• 

The breathing process: 

hhRole of intercostal muscles 

hhControl by the medulla oblongata 

•• 

Lung capacity: 

•• 

Vital capacity 

hhTidal volume 

•• 

Respiratory diseases: 

•• 

Common cold, influenza, tuberculosis, emphysema, lung cancer 

hhCystic fibrosis 

186 


Science 

Biology cont. 


•• 

Integumentary, excretory, and endocrine systems: 

hhIntroduction: body’s design for maintaining homeostasis 

•• 

Integumentary system: 

•• 

Purpose 

• 

• Structure: 

hhPsoriasis, keratin in skin, skin pigments 

• 

• Tanning, sunburn 

hhHair structure 

•• 

Sebaceous glands 

hhDetails of sweat glands 

•• 

Excretory system: 

•• 

Kidneys: 

hhFunction, regulation, structures, failure, dialysis 

• 

• Endocrine system: 

hhEndocrine vs. exocrine glands 

• 

• Hormones: 

hhHormone receptors 

• 

• 

• Pituitary gland: 

• Hypothalmus, somatotropin 

hhDisorders: pituitary gigantism, pituitary dwarfism, acromegaly 

hhGonadotropins 

• 

•• 

Thyroxine 

• 

• Thyroid and parathyroid glands: 

• Thyroid disorders: 

hhCretinism, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism 

•• 

Simple goiter 

• 

glucagon, diabetes mellitus 

•• 

Adrenal glands: epinephrine, steroid hormones, cortisol, 

• Pancreas (endocrine function): islets of Langerhans, insulin, 

aldosterone 

•• 

Gonads: 

•• 

Hormones 

hhGametes 

•• 

Adolescence, secondary sex characteristics 

•• 

Pineal gland: melatonin 

•• 

Disease and the body’s immune system: 

•• 

Introduction: disease, microbes, pathogen, infectious and noninfectious, 

acute, chronic 

•• 

Noninfectious diseases: degenerative, immunological, hormonal, 

congenital and genetic, nutritional, harmful substances, cancer 

•• 

Infectious diseases: 

•• 

Communicable and noncommunicable 

•• 

Bacteria: 

•• 

Structure: 

hhPlasmids 

hhTypes, variations and shapes, reproduction 

hhDisease: 

hhGerm concept of disease, Koch’s postulates 

hhPathogenic activity 

•• 

Viruses: 

•• 

Introduction 

hhReplication, types, diseases 

•• 

Protozoa, fungi, parasites 

•• 

How infectious diseases are spread: 

hhDroplet infection, carrier 

•• 

Vector, venereal diseases 

hhIncubation 

•• 

Preventing the spread of disease: epidemic, vaccination 

•• 

Immune system: 

•• 

Overview, white blood cells 

hhHistamine, interferon 

•• 

Antibodies 

hhTable of white blood cell types 

•• 

Lymphatic system: 

•• 

Lymph, vessels, ducts, nodes 

hhStructure and function of lymph nodes 

•• 

Other organs 

•• 

Special defenses, immunity, immune deficiencies: 

•• 

Skin barrier, mucous membranes, lysozymes, fever, 

microorganisms of digestion 

•• 

Acquired immunity, innate immunity: 

hhSerum 

•• 

Immune deficiency diseases (HIV, AIDS) 

•• 

Medical defenses against disease: 

hhImmune therapy 

•• 

Chemotherapy, antibiotics 

•• 

Prevention: nutrition, rest, exercise 

Life Sciences: Methodology & Philosophy 

• 

• Natural history and scientific investigation: 

•• 

Natural history through the ages: 

•• 

Bible beginnings, Hebrews 

•• 

Greeks: 

hhAnaximander, Plato, Aristotle 

•• 

Romans: 

hhPliny, Galen 

•• 

Ancient science vs. the Bible 

•• 

Middle Ages: 

hhNestorians 

•• 

Modern science: Protestant Reformation, advances in biological 

sciences, microscopy, cell theory 

•• 

Biology and scientific investigation: 

•• 

Scripture and scientific investigation, scientific method 

•• 

Repudiation of spontaneous generation, law of biogenesis 

hhLimitations of science—scientism 

Grade 10 


187 


Science 

Biology cont. 

Life Sciences: Methodology & Philosophy cont. 

•• 

Evolution—a retreat from science: 

•• 

Science and faith: great founders of science believed in God and 

creation 

•• 

Rejecting the truth: 

•• 

Darwin and Lyell, natural selection 

hhEffects of naturalism 

•• 

Paleontology: 

•• 

Evidence against evolution, speciation, macroevolution, fossils 

•• 

Transitional forms and lack thereof 

•• 

Punctuated equilibrium hypothesis 

•• 

Geologic column, Cambrian explosion 

hhCoelacanth, Archaeopteryx, horse series 

•• 

Hominid fossils, Neanderthal, Cro-Magnon 

•• 

Biological evidence against evolution: 

•• 

Impossible transitional forms: 

hhAvian respiratory system 

•• 

Homology 

•• 

Molecular biology: design and complexity 

•• 

Genetics: limited variety, mutations 

•• 

Natural selection and genetic variety: 

hhPeppered moth 

•• 

Pesticide-resistant insects, antibiotic-resistant bacteria 

hhBacterial proliferation 

•• 

Embryonic recapitulation 

hhWhy evolution cannot be properly called a science 

hhThreat of evolution to modern science 

Ecology 

•• 

Introduction of basic terms: ecology, habitat, biotic and abiotic 

factors 

•• 

Levels of ecology: biosphere, biomes, ecosystems, community, 

population, organism 

•• 

Influences in the ecosystem: biodiversity, carrying capacity, types 

of abiotic and biotic factors 

•• 

Nutritional relationships in an ecosystem: 

•• 

Producers and consumers, trophic level, food chain, food web, 

niches 

hhEnergy flow, pyramid diagrams 

•• 

Special nutritional relationships: 

•• 

Symbiosis, predation, competition 

hhAmensalism 

•• 

Neutralism 

hhHerbivory 

•• 

Nutrient cycles: 

•• 

Hydrologic, atmospheric, sedimentary cycles 

hhCarbon-oxygen, phosphorous cycles 

•• 

Major biomes: 

•• 

Tundra, northern coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest 

•• 

Grassland, desert, tropical rain forest 

•• 

Aquatic biomes: 

•• 

Freshwater 

•• 

Marine: 

hhEstuary 

•• 

Ecological succession and man’s role: 

hhPrimary succession, secondary succession 

•• 

Dominion and stewardship 

Zoology 

• 

Grade 10 


• Mammals: 

•• 

Characteristics of animals, vertebrates, and mammals: 

•• 

Mobility, diversity, symmetry 

hhDetails of mammal reproduction 

•• 

18 mammal orders: discussed with representative animals 

hhExtinct mammals 

•• 

Birds: 

•• 

Feathered vertebrates: 

•• 

Characteristics for flight 

•• 

Backyard and roadside birds 

•• 

Groups of birds: 

•• 

Perching, birds of prey, swimming and wading, game, tropical, flightless 

hhExtinct birds 

•• 

Avian anatomy and physiology: 

•• 

Feathers, skeletal and muscular systems 

hhNervous system: brain, senses 

•• 

Food and digestion: 

hhIntestine, cloaca, bursa of Fabricus 

hhExcretory system 

•• 

Circulatory system: 

hhNucleated red blood cells 

hhDetails of respiratory system 

•• 

Family life of birds: 

•• 

Migration, courtship 

hhMating and fertilization 

•• 

Egg, nesting, incubation 

hhCare of young 

•• 

Reptiles and amphibians: 

•• 

Reptiles: 

•• 

Cold-blooded, similar traits 

•• 

Lizards: habitat, sizes, poisonous lizards, colorful, detached tails 

and other defenses, and eating habits 

•• 

Snakes: 

•• 

Sizes, methods of locomotion, scaly skin 

•• 

Sense organs: 

hhScale-covered eyes, hearing (quadrate bone) 

•• 

Smell: Jacobson’s organ 

•• 

Design for feeding, groups of snakes, venom, snakebite treatment 

•• 

Turtles: 

•• 

Reptiles with shells 

•• 


hhTympanic and nictating membranes 

•• 

Groups 

•• 

Crocodilians 

•• 

Tuataras: parietal eye 

•• 

Dinosaurs and similar creatures: extinct reptiles, types and characteristics 

188 


Science 

Biology cont. 

Zoology cont. 

• 

• Amphibians: 

•• 

Vertebrates with a double life: 

•• 


hhThree-chambered heart 

•• 

Frogs and toads: 

hhColoring 

•• 

Toxic skin secretions 

hhExternal fertilization 

•• 

Development and metamorphosis 

hhAnatomy: head, oral cavity, body systems 

•• 

Salamanders: 

•• 

Reproduction and metamorphosis: 

hhSpermatophore, paedomorphosis 

•• 

Sizes; notable salamanders 

•• 

Caecilians 

•• 

Fish: 

•• 

Bony fish: 

•• 

Abundance and importance 

hhDetailed study of anatomy and physiology 

•• 

Cartilaginous fish: sharks, rays, and chimaeras; lampreys, hagfish 

•• 

Arthropods: 

•• 

Common characteristics, classes 

•• 

Insects: 

•• 

Life cycle of insects 

hhGrasshopper anatomy and physiology 

•• 

Orders of insects and their economic significance: 8 of the more 

than 25 orders are taught 

•• 

Insects and man 

•• 

Arachnids: 

•• 

Spiders: 

•• 

External anatomy 

hhInternal anatomy, reproduction 

•• 

Harvestmen, scorpions, mites, and ticks 

•• 

Centipedes and millipedes 

•• 

Crustaceans: 

hhAnatomy and life cycle of crayfish 

•• 

Other crustaceans 

hhExtinct arthropods 

•• 

Other invertebrates: 

•• 

Mollusks: 

•• 

General characteristics 

•• 

Bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods 

•• 

Enchinoderms: 

•• 

Starfish anatomy 

hhRotifers: parthenogenic 

•• 

Coelenterates and porifera: 

•• 

Coelenterates: hollow-intestined invertebrates, polyp, medusa, 

hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones, corals 

•• 

Porifera (sponges): 

hhAnatomy and physiology 

•• 

Annelids: 

•• 

Earthworms: 

•• 

Characteristics and anatomy and physiology 

hhSea worms 

•• 

Leeches 

•• 

Flatworms and roundworms: 

•• 

Platyhelminths: 

hhAnatomy of planarians, flukes, and tapeworms 

•• 

Nematodes: 

hhFilaria, hookworm, trichina, ascaris 

•• 

Protozoa: 

•• 

Flagellates: 

•• 

Euglena: 

hhPellicle, binary fission 

•• 

Trypanosome 

•• 

Sarcodines: 

•• 

Amoeba 

hhForaminifera, radiolarla 

•• 

Ciliates: paramecia, other ciliates 

•• 

Sporozoans 

Cellular & Molecular Biology 

• 

Grade 10 


• Cytology—design and function of cells: 

•• 

Variety and complexity of cells: 

•• 

Discovery of cells 

hhVariety in cells, complexity of cells 

•• 

Design of cells: 

hhDetails of cell structure and organelles 

hhLife and work of cells: 

hhMaintaining life, photosynthesis and cellular respiration 

hhActive transport, cell movement, cilia and flagella 

hhCell cycle and mitosis, chromatin, cell death 

•• 

Heredity: continuity of life: 

•• 

God’s provision for the continuity of life: 

•• 

Heredity, genes 

hhDifferentiation, sexual reproduction, meiosis 

hhClassical genetics: 

hhMendel’s experiments, law of dominance, genotype and phenotype 

hhPunnett squares, hybrids and hybridization, law of segregation 

hhCodominance, law of independent assortment, linkage 

hhPunnett square for dihybrid cross, Sutton’s hypothesis 

hhMorgan’s research, sex chromosomes, sex-linked traits 

hhHuman genetics: 

hhDominant gene inheritance, codominance 

hhMultiple allele inheritance 

hhPleiotropy and polygenic inheritance 

hhSex-linked disorders, genetic advances, eugenics 

•• 

DNA—regulation of life: 

•• 

DNA: 

•• 

Deoxyribonucleic acid 

hhWatson and Crick, chromosomes, storage 

hhStructure of RNA and DNA, bases, base pairing 

•• 

Activities of DNA: 

h h“Central dogma of molecular biology,” DNA replication 

hhRNA and transcription, constructing proteins, translation 

•• 

Mutations 

189

Science Grade 11 

Chemistry Grade 11 

Chemistry: Precision and Design explores the many branches of chemistry to discover the ingenious 

structure and orderly function of God’s creation. The Christian perspective of this text rejects evolution 

and recognizes special creation as the reasonable explanation for the origin and design of the universe. 

Although chemistry has been less permeated by evolutionary doctrine than biology or geology, one’s view 

of origins does affect how he approaches the science of chemistry and how he applies chemical principles 

to societal issues. 

Chemistry: Precision and Design recognizes God’s command for man to have dominion over the creation, 

and its goal is to teach how man might extend his “dominion” and make wiser use of the physical 

creation. This text presents chemistry as a foundational science and includes chapters on nuclear and 

organic chemistry. It seeks not only to give students a solid basis in chemical principles, but also to help 

students understand the practical application of these principles. 


• 

• Feature boxes include: 

•• 

Additional information on topics of interest 

•• 

Chemistry in everyday objects 

•• 

Highlights of God’s design in the chemistry of His creation 

•• 

Innovations in chemistry 

•• 

Chemical explanations of environmental issues 

•• 

Laboratory exercises (27) 


Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Science project (counts as test grade) 

•• 


•• 


Chemistry: An Introduction 

•• 

Branches of chemistry, importance of chemistry 

•• 

Purpose of science, scientific method 

•• 

Measurement and mathematics in chemistry: 

•• 

Precision and accuracy, uncertainty 

•• 

F.P.S. and SI units 

•• 

Prefixes, measuring length, volume, mass, density, temperature, 

and other quantities 

•• 

Unit conversion 

•• 

Scientific notation: 

hhCalculations 

•• 

Significant figures in measurement and calculation 

hhProblem-solving strategies 

Matter 

•• 

States of matter, melting and boiling points 

•• 


•• 

Atoms, molecules 

•• 

Elements, compounds, pure substances, mixtures: 

hhRelative abundance of elements 

•• 

Homogeneous and heterogeneous matter 

•• 

John Dalton and atomic theory: 

hhLaws derived from atomic theory 

•• 

Properties and changes of matter: 

•• 

Properties of matter 

•• 

Physical and chemical changes 

hhSeparation of mixtures 

•• 

Subatomic particles: 

hhDiscovery of the electron, proton, and neutron 

•• 

Atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and ions 

•• 

Atomic mass: 

•• 

Atomic mass units 

hhMass spectrometer, mass spectrum 

Stoichiometry 

•• 

Formulas and names: types of chemical formulas, naming binary 

molecular compounds 

•• 

Naming ionic compounds: memorizing names of ions, determining 

empirical formulas 

•• 

The mole: 

•• 

Molecular masses 

hhAvogadro’s number, mole, molar mass 

hhEmpirical formulas from percent composition 

•• 

Balancing chemical equations: 

•• 

Equations, reactants, products, law of conservation of mass 

hhSteps for balancing equations 

•• 

Classification of chemical reactions: 

•• 

Combination (synthesis), decomposition, single displacement (substitution), 

and double displacement reactions 

hhQuantitative relationships from the balanced equation: 

hhMole relationships 

hhLimiting reactant, mass relationships in chemical reactions 

Gases 

•• 

Kinetic-molecular theory: 

hhFive assumptions of kinetic-molecular theory 

•• 

Gas pressure: 

•• 

Pressure, barometer 

hhManometers 

•• 

The gas laws: 

hhIdeal gas 

•• 

Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, combined gas law 

hhSTP, Gay-Lussac’s law 

hhAvogadro’s law, molar volume, ideal gas law 

hhMolar mass of a gas 

190 

Chemistry cont. p. 191

Science 


Gases cont. 

•• 

Diffusion, partial pressures, and stoichiometry: 

•• 

Diffusion 

hhRates of diffusion, Graham’s law, partial pressure 

hhDalton’s law of partial pressures, stoichiometry and gases 

Chemical Thermodynamics 

• 

• Energy: 

•• 

Kinetic and potential energy 

•• 

System, surroundings 

hhInternal energy 

• 

• First law of thermodynamics: 

hhMathematical statement 

•• 

Heat in chemical reactions: 

hhEnthalpy 

•• 

Endothermic and exothermic reactions 

•• 

Calorimetry: 

hhHeat of reaction, thermochemical equation 

hhStandard state, enthalpy of formation, mass-heat calculations 

•• 

Heat and changes of state: 

•• 

Heat of fusion, heat of vaporization 

•• 

Entropy: 

•• 

Second law of thermodynamics, spontaneity 

hhGibbs free energy 

Light, Electrons, & Atomic Structure 

• 

• Nature of light: 

•• 

Properties of waves: crest, trough, wavelength, amplitude, 

frequency, speed 

•• 

Classical theories of light, electromagnetic wave, speed of light, 

electromagnetic spectrum, quantum theory of light 

•• 

Photon, wave-particle duality 

hhPhoton energy-frequency relationship 

•• 

Electrons and the structure of the atom: 

•• 

Spectrometer 

hhLine spectra, continuous spectra, hydrogen spectrum 

hhIntroductory quantitative treatment of Bohr model, details of 

energy levels, ground state, excited state, quantized, matter waves 

hhSchrödinger’s equation 

•• 

Uncertainty principle 

hhDetailed description of electron-cloud model 

•• 

Electron configuration and quantum numbers: 

•• 

Probability contours, orbital shapes 

hhElectron configuration 

•• 

Four quantum numbers, Pauli exclusion principle 

hhAufbau principle, Hund’s rule 

•• 

Valence electrons 

hhLewis structures of atoms 

Periodic Table 

•• 

Historical development of the periodic table: 

hhDöbereiner’s triads, Newland’s octaves 

• 

• Periodic law 

hhMendeleev’s table 

Grade 11 


•• 

Classification of the elements: 

•• 

Group, period 

•• 

Nonmetals, metals, semimetals, main-group element, transition and 

inner transition metal 

•• 

Brief description of several groups (alkali metals, etc.) 

hhPeriodicity of chemical properties: periodic properties of elements in 

the alkali and alkaline earth metals, combining capacity 

hhElectron configurations and the periodic table: correlations between 

the two 

hhPeriodic properties of the elements: atomic size, ionic size, ionization 

energy, metallic character, electron affinity, electronegativity 

The Chemical Bond & Intermolecular Forces 

• 

• Types of chemical bonds: 

•• 

Octet rule, explanation of ionic bonding, ionic crystalline solids 

•• 

Explanation of covalent bonding, nonbonding and bonding 

electrons 

•• 

Single, double, and triple bonds 

•• 

Network covalent substances, metallic bonds 

•• 

Polar and nonpolar covalent bonds, dipole 

•• 

Shapes and properties of molecules: 

•• 

Lewis structures, delocalized electrons 

hhResonance structures 

hhMolecular shapes: VSEPR, effect of shape on polar and nonpolar 

molecules 

•• 

Intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole, London forces, hydrogen bonds 

•• 

Crystals: amorphous and crystalline solids: 

hhTypes of unit cells, close packing 

Selected Nonmetals & Their Compounds 

hhHydrogen: most abundant element in universe, properties, 

preparation, reactions, and uses 

hhOxygen: occurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and uses, 

hydrogen peroxide, free radicals 

hhNitrogen: occurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and uses 

hhPhosphorus: occurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and uses 

hhSulfur: occurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and uses 

•• 

Halogens: 

hhOccurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and uses of stable 

halogens 

•• 

Noble gases: 

hhOccurrence, properties, compounds, and uses 

Selected Metals & Semimetals 

•• 

Metallurgy: 

•• 

Ore 

hhProcessing ore 

•• 

Alkali metals: 

hhOccurrence, properties, preparation, and uses; alkali metal compounds 

•• 

Alkaline earth metals: 

hhOccurrence, properties, preparation, and uses 

•• 

Iron: 

•• 

Occurrence 

hhProperties, production, steel refining, annealing, hardening, and 

tempering 

•• 

Copper: 


191 


Science 


Selected Metals & Semimetals cont. 

•• 

Precious Metals: 

hhOccurrence, properties, preparation, and uses of selected precious 

metals 

•• 

Aluminum: 

hhOccurrence, properties, chemistry of preparation, and uses; 

thermite process 

hhOther metals: lead, titanium, and uranium 

hhImportant semimetals and their compounds: 

•• 

Silicon and germanium: 


•• 

Semiconducting properties 

hhSilicates, glass, silicones 

hhBoron 

Solutions & Colloids 

•• 

Introduction to solutions: 

•• 

Solution, solvent, solute 

hhMiscible and immiscible 

hhHydrated, solvated, ionization 

•• 

Factors affecting solution rates 

hhSolubility rules 

•• 

Behavior of solutions: 

hhCrystallization, dynamic equilibrium 

•• 

Solubility 

hhSaturated, unsaturated, supersaturated 

•• 

Effect of temperature 

hhEffect of pressure on solubility; enthalpy of solution 

hhMeasuring solution concentration: 

hhGeneric concentration expression 

hhMolarity, dilution, molality 

•• 

Colligative properties: 

•• 

Vapor pressure: 

hhEffects of solute 

•• 

Vapor pressure and changes of state 

hhQuantitative treatment of boiling point elevation and freezing 

point depression 

hhElectrolytes and colligative properties 

hhOsmotic pressure 

•• 

Colloids: 

•• 

Tyndall effect, Brownian motion 

hhTypes of colloids 

•• 

Soaps and detergents 

Chemical Kinetics 

hhIntroduction to chemical kinetics: reaction rate, collision theory 

• 

• Concentration, temperature, and reaction rate: 


•• 

Activation energy 

hhTransition states and energy changes: 

hhTransition state theory, activated complex 

hhPotential energy in endothermic and exothermic reactions 

•• 

Effects of a catalyst: 

•• 

Alternate pathway with lower activation energy 

hhEnergy changes in catalyzed reactions, types of catalysts 

•• 

Enzymes: 

hhInhibitors 

hhReaction mechanisms: steps to a reaction, chain mechanisms, rate 

laws 

192 

Chemical Equilibrium 

• 

Grade 11 

• Reversible reactions: 

•• 

Chemical equilibrium 

hhEquilibrium concentrations 

•• 

Le Chatelier’s Principle: 

hhConcentration changes, pressure changes, temperature changes, 

effects of a catalyst 

hhEquilibrium constants, solubility product constants 

Acids, Bases, & Salts 

• 

• Nature of acids and bases: 

•• 

Characteristics of acids and bases 

hhArrhenius concept, Brønsted-Lowry concept 

hhConjugate acids and bases, naming acids and bases 

hhPolyprotic acids, acidic and basic anhydrides 

hhStrengths of acids and bases: strong and weak acids and bases 

•• 

Acids in chemical reactions: 

hhNet ionic equations 

•• 

Reactions with bases—neutralization, salts 

hhReactions with carbonates, bicarbonates, and metals; activity series 

hhEquivalents and normality: equivalent mass of acids and bases, normality 

•• 

pH: 

hhIonization of water 

hhCalculating pH, pOH scale, pH measurement 

•• 

Acid-base indicators 

hhAcid-base titrations: titration, equivalence point, end point 

hhHydrolysis and buffers: principles of hydrolysis, characteristics of buffers 

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions & Electrochemistry 

•• 

Redox reactions: 

hhOxidizing and reducing agents 

hhOxidation numbers 

hhBalancing redox reactions 

hhStrength of oxidizing and reducing agents 

•• 

Electrochemical reactions: 

• 

•• 

Electrolysis: 

• 

• Electric current, electrolyte, anode, cathode 

• Molten sodium chloride 

hhWater, aqueous salt solution 

•• 

Electroplating 

•• 

Voltaic cells: 

hhConstruction, activity series, salt bridge 

hhElectrode potentials, standard electrode potential 

•• 

Sign conventions of anodes and cathodes 

Nuclear Chemistry 

•• 

Radioactivity: 


hhChanges in the nucleus—discovery 

hhNuclides 

• 

• 

• Radiation, radioactivity, types of radioactivity 

• Nuclear stability: 

hhDensity of the nucleus 

•• 

Strong nuclear force 

•• 

Radioactive decay 

hhNuclear mass defect, nuclear binding energy, electron volt, binding 

energy per nucleon 


Science 


Nuclear Chemistry cont. 

•• 

Nuclear reactions: 

hhDetails of alpha, beta, and gamma decay; positron emission; 

neutron radiation 

hhPenetration ability 

•• 

Half-life 

hhActivity, units of measurement 

hhRadioactive decay series, bombardment reactions 

hhParticle accelerators, transuranium elements 

•• 

Effects of radiation on matter: 

hhIonizing radiation, effects on living tissue 

hhDetecting radiation, measuring radiation 

•• 

Health effects, sources of exposure 

•• 

Nuclear fission and fusion: 

hhDiscovery 

hhDetails of chain reaction 

•• 

Critical mass 

hhAtomic bomb 

•• 

Nuclear reactor: 

hhEnrichment 

•• 

Safety 

•• 

Waste, breeder reactor 

hhChemistry of nuclear fusion, proposed confinement methods 

Organic Chemistry 

•• 

Introduction to organic chemistry: carbon bonding, isomer, structural 

formula, functional group 

•• 

Hydrocarbons: 

hhDetailed overview of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons: 

structure, nomenclature, and reactions 

hhSaturated and unsaturated, alkyl groups, benzene 

hhSources of hydrocarbons 

• 

• 

• Substituted hydrocarbons: 

• Alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters: 

hhNomenclature, reactions 

hhAldehydes and ketones, amines, amides 

•• 

Other substituted hydrocarbons: 

•• 

Haloalkanes 

hhEpoxides, thiols 

•• 

Polymer chemistry: 

•• 

Monomer, polymerization 

hhPolymers by chemical structure: 

hhPolyethylene, vinyls, polyesters, polyamides (nylon), polycarbonate, 

silicones 

•• 

Biological polymers: 

•• 

Protein, cellulose, chitin, glucose, and DNA 

•• 

Biochemistry: 

•• 

Proteins and amino acids, peptide bonds 

•• 

Carbohydrates, sugars, mono-, di-, and polysaccharides 

•• 

Fats, lipids, fatty acids, oils: 

•• 

Saturated and unsaturated 

hhSaponification 

•• 

Nucleic acids: DNA, RNA 

Grade 11 


193

00000000 

12 

® 

® 

Science 

Physics Grade 12 

Grade 12 

´:x>!|¨ 

Physics: The Foundational Science describes the laws that govern the interactions between matter and energy. Clear 

and thorough explanations penetrate the most perplexing questions. Whenever possible, the principles of physics 

are illustrated by everyday experience and practical devices. Numerous illustrative problems are solved in detail. 

This course will play an important role in showing students the harmony between scientific knowledge and Christian 

belief. The premise of the book is that we live in a God-created world governed by laws discoverable by reverent 

scientific inquiry. Issues of vital importance to Christians are handled in depth. 

Physics: The Foundational Science adopts the traditional procedure of starting with solids, liquids, and gases— 

tangible things familiar to students. By putting the study of matter first, this course offers a smooth transition 

between chemistry and physics. An extended treatment of mechanics follows so that the student will be well 

prepared for further study in physics and engineering. While taking a traditional approach, this text more than 

adequately covers the most recent developments in physics for a broad range of topics: from particle physics to 

electronics and from lasers to relativity. The emphasis throughout is upon solid advances in knowledge rather than 

upon theoretical speculation. 


• 

• Feature boxes include: 

•• 

Information on physics in action in the everyday world (10) 

•• 

Articles highlighting Christian physicists and their contributions (6) 

•• 

Information about related physics topics (3) 

•• 

Key symbols and abbreviations at the beginning of each chapter 

•• 

Key equations listed at the end of each chapter 

•• 

Laboratory exercises (20) 


Evaluation 

•• 


•• 


•• 

Science project includes background paper, investigation 

plan, experimentation, follow-up paper, and oral 

presentation (counts as 2 quiz grades and 2 test grades) 

•• 


•• 


Introduction to Physics 

• 

• Nature of science: 

•• 

Branches of science, man’s dominion, God’s revelation 

hhClassical and modern physics 

•• 

The Scientific Method: cogitation, observation, experimentation, 

scientific method, hypothesis, data 

•• 

Measurement: 

•• 

Units of measurement: 

hhFundamental and derived quantities 

•• 

Systems of units: 

• 

• FPS, MKS 

hhCGS 

•• 

Standards of measurement: 

•• 

Length, mass, time 

hhNeed for consistent standards 

•• 

Scientific notation 

•• 

Measurement calculations: metric-metric conversions, calculations 

with physical qualities, dimensional analysis 

•• 

Significant digits: 

•• 

Determining, calculation rules, accuracy and precision 

hhTolerance, error of measurement, systematic and random errors 

•• 

Mathematical techniques: 

•• 

Fractions, literal equations, proportions 

hhSteps in working physics problems 

Matter 

• 

• Nature of matter: 

•• 


•• 

Inertia 

•• 

Mass, weight, density, specific gravity 

194 

•• 

Pure substances and mixtures: 

•• 

Molecule, elemental molecule, compound, mixtures 

•• 

Homogeneous, heterogeneous, solid, liquid, gas, plasma 

•• 

Composition of matter: 

•• 

Atom, nucleus, proton, atomic number, neutron, mass number 

•• 

Isotope, atomic mass, atomic mass units 

•• 

Electron, ion, anion, cation, element, periods, groups 

•• 

Valence electrons 

•• 

Elementary particles: 

•• 

Einstein’s equation, photons, mass gain, nuclear mass defect 

•• 

Subatomic particles 

hhElementary particles 

•• 

Quarks 

hhHadrons, mesons, baryons, gluon 

hhLeptons 

•• 

Neutrino, positron, gamma radiation 

hhPair production 

•• 

Particle reactions: 

hhAntiparticles, antimatter, annihilation, electron capture 

•• 

Heavy atoms 

•• 

Radioactive decay, half-life 

hhReaction implications 

Liquid State 

•• 

Characteristics of a liquid: 

•• 

Surface tension 

•• 

Adhesion, cohesion 

•• 

Capillarity: 

hhCapillary tubes, meniscus 

Physics cont. p. 195

Science 

Physics cont. 

Liquid State cont. 

•• 

Hydrostatics: 

•• 

Law of liquid pressure: 

•• 

Force, pressure 

hhDefined, equation, Pascal’s vases, water head, lateral force 

hhPascal’s principle: transmission of liquid pressure, hydraulic device 

hhArchimedes’ principle: derivation, buoyant force 

hhHydrodynamics: 

hhPrinciple of viscosity: poise 

hhPrinciple of continuity: 

hhIdeal liquids 

hhCavitation, laminar flow, eddy currents, volume flow rate 

hhBernoulli’s principle: velocity and pressure, lateral pressure 

Gaseous State 

•• 

Air pressure: 

•• 

Gases in the air, vacuum, atmospheric pressure 

hhGases compared to liquids: 

hhArchimedes’ principle, Bernoulli’s principle, airfoil 

•• 

Barometers: 

hhHorror vacui, Pascal’s discovery 

•• 

Standard atmospheric pressure 

hhGauge and absolute pressure 

•• 

Aneroid barometer 

•• 

Gas laws: 

•• 

Boyle’s law, inverse proportion, Charles’s law 

•• 

Absolute zero, absolute temperature, direct proportion 

•• 

Combined gas law, Avogadro’s law, mole, Avogadro’s number 

•• 

Universal gas constant, ideal gas law 

hhPneumatic devices: entrained, water and exhaust pumps, compressors, 

siphon 

Solid State 

• 

• Characteristics of solids: 

•• 

Elasticity, plasticity 

hhRigidity, resilience, elastic limit 

hhMechanical working, forging, rolling, malleability, drawing, ductility 

hhModuli of deformation: 

hhHooke’s law: tensile force, restorative force 

hhForces of deformation: stress, strain 

hhTensile stress: 

hhTension, Young’s modulus, proportional limit, elastic limit 

hhUltimate tensile strength, breaking point, brittle, compression 

hhShear stress and volume stress 

Introduction to Motion 

hhKinematics: translational, rectilinear, and curvilinear motion 

•• 

Speed and velocity: 

•• 

Rates of motion: 

• 

• Velocity 

hhConstant velocity, uniform, variable velocity, sign convention 

hhVelocity equations: change in position over time, graph of displacement 

vs. time, instantaneous velocity 

•• 

Acceleration: 

hhTypes of acceleration: average, uniform, variable 

•• 

Acceleration equations: 

hhGraph of velocity vs. time, instantaneous acceleration, deceleration 

195 

hhHorizontal motion: final velocity, average velocity, displacement, 

common equations 

•• 

Vertical motion: 

hhFree-fall acceleration, effect of air resistance, terminal velocity 

Vectors & Projectile Motion 

• 

• Introduction to vectors: 

•• 

Vector properties 

hhParallel, antiparallel, collinear, perpendicular 

hhSkewed, vector diagram, concurrent vectors 

•• 

Resultant 

•• 

Vector composition of collinear vectors 

•• 

Vector composition of perpendicular vectors: 

hhParallelogram method 

•• 

Pythagorean method: 

•• 

Magnitude 

hhDirection 

hhVector composition of skewed vectors: 

hhParallelogram method: law of cosines, law of sines 

hhVector resolution 

hhVector composition revisited: component method 

• 

• Projectile motion: 

hhProjectile motion and gravity, rate of fall, final velocity, trajectory 

hhEffect of air resistance, critical velocity 

•• 

Escape velocity 

Forces in Nature 

• 

• Newton’s three laws of motion: 

•• 

Newton’s first law: 

•• 

Inertia, force 

hhFriction 

•• 

Alternative formulations 

•• 

Newton’s second law: determinants of force, units of force, meaning 

of mass, mass vs. weight 

•• 

Newton’s third law: action-reaction 

•• 

Friction—the cause, kinetic and static friction 

hhLaws of kinetic friction, normal force: 

•• 

Coefficients of friction: coefficients of kinetic and static friction 

hhReducing friction: minimizing roughness, lubricating, rollers and 

bearings 

•• 

Four fundamental forces: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational 

forces 

•• 

Gravity and gravitation—geocentric, heliocentric: 

•• 

Laws of planetary motion: 

•• 

Empirical, law of orbits 

hhMathematical description of law of areas 

•• 

Aphelion, perihelion 

hhQuantitative treatment of law of periods 

•• 

Universal gravitation: 

hhKinematics, dynamics 

•• 

Universal law of gravitation, Cavendish’s measurement of G 

hhEarth’s gravitational field: 

hhFactors affecting g, static equilibrium, center of gravity 

hhStable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium, instability 

hhDetermining the CG, multiple suspensions, center of mass 

hhGravitational field, gravitational field strength 

Grade 12 



Science 

Physics cont. 

Concurrent Forces 

hhForce as a vector: 

hhFree-body diagram, principle of transmissibility, tension 

hhCenter of gravity, friction, translational equilibrium, equilibrant 

hhForce problems: 

hhFriction, level surfaces, angled forces, inclined plane 

hhLoad-bearing structures 

Circular & Periodic Motion 

hhUniform circular motion: 

hhCentripetal acceleration: rate of, centripetal force, centrifugal 

force, roadway and railway curves 

hhPeriodic motion: 

hhMotion of a spring: 

hhSpring constant, equilibrium, oscillatory motion 

hhPeriod, amplitude, frequency, simple harmonic motion 

hhMotion of a pendulum: laws of a pendulum, physical pendulum 

hhResonance: natural frequency, resonance 

Work & Machines 

• 

• Work: 

•• 

Scientific definition, work and force, basic work equation 

•• 

Units of work, scalar quantity 

hhApplied at an angle 

hhConcurrent applied forces 

hhNegative work, net work, work and potential energy 

•• 

Power: watt, horsepower, defining work in terms of power 

hhSimple machines: 

•• 

Lever: 

hhLaw of levers, fulcrum, load 

•• 

Input force, output force, input distance, output distance 

•• 

Input lever arm, output lever arm, input work, output work 

•• 

Mechanical advantage, classes of levers 

•• 

Inclined plane, wedge, and screw; pulley: block and tackle; wheel 

and axle 

•• 

Efficiency 

Energy & Momentum 

• 

• Energy: 

•• 

Kinetic energy: 

hhKinetic energy equation, work and kinetic energy, relative contributions 

of mass and velocity 

•• 

Potential energy: 

hhGravitational, elastic force 

hhConservative forces: nonconservative force, dissipative force 

•• 

Conservation of energy: 

hhMechanical energy 

hhLaw of conservation of mechanical energy 

•• 

Law of conservation of energy 

•• 

Momentum: 

hhOriginal formulation of Newton’s second law: 

hhTwo useful interpretations 

•• 

Law of conservation of momentum 

hhColliding objects: 

hhElastic and inelastic collisions, elastic one-dimensional collisions 

hhCompletely inelastic one-dimensional collisions 

hhImpulse 

Rotary Motion: Angular, Circular, & Rotary Motion 

hhAngular velocity and angular acceleration: 

hhArc length, rim speed, radians 

hhRotary motion: 

h 

h 

h Angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration 

h Basic equations for rotary motion, linear motion and angular motion 

hhRadian measure for circular motion 

hhRotational inertia: experimental study of, equation for, I for various 

bodies 

hhTorque: 

hhLaw of torque: radius of a force 

hhWork, power, kinetic energy, and momentum: 

hhTotal kinetic energy of moving body 

hhConservation of energy in rotary motion 

hhConservation of angular momentum 

hhFlywheels 

hhAngular momentum as a vector: 

hhRight-hand rule 

hhGyroscope 

hhParallel forces: 

hhEffects of parallel forces on rotating body 

hhEffects of static equilibrium: translational equilibrium, rotational 

equilibrium 

Heat 

• 

• Thermometry: 

•• 

Thermal equilibrium 

•• 

Constructing a temperature scale: 

•• 

Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales 

hhTriple point, absolute scale 

•• 

Converting among temperature scales 

hhThermal expansion: 

hhEffects of heating a solid: linear, area, and volume expansion 

hhLiquid expansion 

•• 

Heat exchange: 

hhCaloric theory 

•• 

Units of heat 

•• 

Law of heat exchange: 

•• 

Heat capacity 

•• 

Specific heat 

•• 

Phase changes: melting, freezing, exothermic, heat of vaporization, 

condensation, calorimeter, calorimetry 

•• 

Heat transfer: 

hhHeat conduction, thermal conductor, thermal conductivity 

hhThermal insulator, heat flow 

•• 

Conduction, convection, radiation 

Laws of Thermodynamics 

• 

• First Law of Thermodynamics: 

•• 

Internal energy: 

•• 

System, surroundings 

hhClosed system, open system, isolated system 

hhEquilibrium, internal energy, thermal energy 

•• 

Mechanical equivalent of heat 

•• 

Thermodynamics 

hhInternal energy equation 

hhQualitative explanation of adiabatic processes, isothermal 

Grade 12 


196 


Science 

Physics cont. 

Laws of Thermodynamics cont. 

• • Ideal gas law: 

hhReversible and irreversible processes 

• 

• 

• Second Law of Thermodynamics: 

• Entropy: 

hhQuantitative definition 

•• 

Tendency to minimum energy and maximum entropy 

hhOther formulations of the second law 

hhCause of ordered complexity 

hhEvolution and the second law of thermodynamics: evolution’s 

challenge to science 

hhZeroth and Third Laws of Thermodynamics: thermal equilibrium 

Waves 

• 

• Transverse waves: 

•• 

Wave pulse, crest, trough 

hhElastic medium 

•• 

Energy transport 

•• 

Wave properties: 

hhSimple harmonic motion, sinusoidal, periodic 

• 

• Frequency, period, speed, wavelength, amplitude 

hhWave classification: 

hhOne-, two-, and three-dimensional waves 

hhInterface, wavefront, ray; straight, spherical, and plane waves 

• 

• 

• Longitudinal waves: 

• Compression pulse, rarefaction pulse, longitudinal waves 

hhSinusoidal character of longitudinal waves 

•• 

Water waves, sound waves 

•• 

Boundary effects: 

•• 

Reflection: 

•• 

Angle of incidence, angle of reflection, law of reflection, reflection 

of sound, sonar 

•• 

Refraction: of sound waves 

•• 

Diffraction: of sound waves 

•• 

Superposition: 

hhComposite wave trains 

• 

• Constructive and destructive interference 

hhStanding wave train, standing wave: 

hhNode, antinode, loop, envelope of oscillation 

Sound 

•• 

Nature of sound: 

hhGraphical representation of sound waves: 

hhDisplacement and pressure wave trains 

• 

• Speed of sound: 

hhHardness 

•• 

Density, temperature, effect of air temperature 

•• 

Doppler effect: 

hhGeneral Doppler equation 

•• 

Sonic booms, supersonic speed, shock wave 

•• 

Characteristics of sound: 

•• 

Intensity: 

hhThreshold of hearing, quantitative treatment, amplifying 

•• 

Loudness: 

hhNonlinear receiver, relative intensity, quantitative treatment 

•• 

Decibel 

197 

•• 

Pitch: 

hhSonic spectrum, mean free path, audio spectrum 

• 

• Infrasonic and ultrasonic waves 

hhCavitation 

hhEar’s nonlinear response to frequency 

Nature of Light 

•• 

Early light theories: 

hhAncient contributions, camera obscura, rectilinear propagation 

•• 

Huygens’ theory 

• 

• Newton’s theory: 

hhCorpuscles 

hhYoung’s demonstration, Herschel’s discovery 

•• 

Infrared rays 

•• 

Maxwell’s theory, electromagnetic waves, photons, wave-particle 

duality 

•• 

Electromagnetic spectrum: 

•• 

Nature of an electromagnetic wave: range of wavelengths, electromagnetic 

spectrum, Planck’s constant 

•• 

Regions within the electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, infrared, 

ultraviolet 

•• 

Color: 

•• 

Spectrum of visible light: 

•• 

ROY G. BV 

hhSolar spectrum 

•• 

Monochromatic, composite light 

•• 

Light mixing: 

•• 

Additive mixing, primary colors 

hhSecondary and complementary colors 

•• 

Objects’ colors: 

•• 

Surface color 

hhTransparent, translucent, opaque, color filters, hue, pure color, 

brightness 

•• 

Pigment mixing: 

•• 

Subtractive mixing, subtractive primaries 

hhSubtractive secondaries 

Reflection of Light 

•• 

Laws of reflection: 

Grade 12 


hhAbsorbed, scattered, transmitted, reflected, reflectance, specular 

and diffuse reflection 

•• 

First law of reflection 

hhSecond law of reflection 

hhMirror images: 

hhPlane mirrors: virtual and real images, right-angled mirror, double 

mirror 

hhConcave mirrors: 

hhSpherical mirrors, concave, convex 

hhVertex, center of curvature, principal axis 

hhSecondary axis, radius of curvature, aperture, point source 

hhFocal point, focal length, focal plane, ray diagram 

hhPrincipal rays: central, parallel, and focal rays; real and virtual image 

hhConvex mirrors: spherical aberration 

hhParabolic mirrors 

hhMirror equation: 

hhEstablishing the mirror equation: geometric relationships, 

important sign conventions 

hhLateral magnification: comparing heights, important references 


Science 

Physics cont. 

Refraction of Light 

•• 

Laws of refraction: 

hhOptical density 

• 

• Refraction 

hhRefractive index, refractometer 

hhFirst law of refraction: angle of incidence, angle of refraction 

hhSecond law of refraction: principle of reversibility 

• 

• Refraction effects: mirage 

hhTotal internal reflection: critical angle 

•• 

Lenses: 

•• 

Convex and concave lenses 

hhPlanar lenses, sign convention, focal length of lens 

hhConverging lenses: 

hhPrincipal axis, principal focal point, optical center, focal length 

hhSecondary focal point, converging images, ray diagrams 

hhOptical plane; parallel, central, and focal rays 

hhDiverging lenses 

hhLensmaker equation 

hhThin lens equation: 

hhLateral magnification: lens combinations, corrective lenses 

hhMyopia, hyperopia, power of a lens 

Wave Optics 

•• 

Interference: 

hhIn phase, out of phase, antinode, node 

hhNewton’s rings: fringes, cause of, optically flat 

• 

• Interference fringes in soap film: 

hhMonochromatic and color fringes 

•• 

Iridescence 

•• 

Diffraction: 

•• 

Obstacle diffraction: umbra, penumbra 

•• 

Single-slit diffraction: diffraction fringes, antinode, node, fringe 

formation 

hhMultiple-slit diffraction: double slits, coherent light, triple slits, 

zeroth-order maximum, first-order maximum, second-order 

maximum 

•• 

Diffraction gratings: 

hhDiffraction angle, grating constant, reflection grating, transmission 

grating, phase gratings 

•• 

Dispersion: 

•• 

Dispersion of white light: 

•• 

By a prism 

hhBy diffracting grating 

hhChromatic aberration 

•• 

Rainbows: 

•• 

Formation, primary bow, secondary bow 

hhSupernumerary bows, miniature bows, lunar bow 

•• 

Polarization: unpolarized, polarized, by selective absorption, by 

reflection 

hhScattering, structural colors 

Electrostatics 

• 

• Charge: 

•• 

Static electricity: discharge, law of electric charges, neutralized 

•• 

Charge carriers: 

•• 

Anion, cation 

•• 

Current in gases, liquids, and solids 

•• 

Conductors, delocalized electrons, insulators, semiconductors 

•• 

Transfer of charge: conduction, induction, grounded, electroscope 

•• 

Coulomb’s law: 

•• 

Law of electric force, coulomb 

hhMicrocoulombs, permittivity 

hhComparing gravitation and electric force, charge conservation 

•• 

Electric fields: 

hhElectric field strength: first formulation, second formulation 

•• 

Electric field maps: 

•• 

Lines of force 

•• 

Uniform field 

hhElectric potential: 

hhElectric potential energy vs. electric potential 

hhPotential difference 

hhPotential gradient: GPE, EPE 

hhDistribution of free electrons: corona discharge, equipotential 

surface, equipotential lines 

Magnetism 

• 

• Magnetic materials: 

•• 

Dipolarity: magnetite, lodestone, north pole, south pole, dipolar, 

monopoles, law of magnetic poles 

•• 

Making magnets: 

•• 

Magnetization, contact, induction, demagnetization, keeper, 

temporary vs. permanent magnets 

hhPermalloy, alnico 

•• 

Coulomb’s law of magnetic force 

•• 

Magnetic fields: 

•• 

Mapping a magnetic field, lines of flux 

hhMagnetic induction 

•• 

Permeability 

•• 

Magnetic moment: 

•• 

Spin magnet, orbital magnets, domain theory 

hhSaturation 

•• 

Diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic 

•• 

Electromagnets: 

hhConventional current 

•• 

Oersted’s discovery 

hhAmpere’s right-hand rule 

•• 

Solenoid 

hhMagnetic force: two loops or two solenoids, two parallel conductors, 

ampere, coulomb, force of a straight conductor 

hhDefining magnetic induction: 

hhDirection of magnetic force: three-finger rules 

hhForce on a moving charge 

hhMagnetic flux: flux density 

Current Generation 

• 

• Electromagnetic induction: 

•• 

Current in a moving conducting loop: 

hhRight-handed three-finger rule, magnetic flux 

•• 

Electromagnetic induction 

hhDifferent motions in a magnetic field 

•• 

Galvanometer 

•• 

Discovery of electromagnetic induction: 

hhLaw of induction 

hhLenz’s law: direction of current 

Grade 12 


198 


Science 

Physics cont. 

Current Generation cont. 

• 

• Electric generators: 

•• 

Simple AC generators: armature, slip rings, brushes, alternating 

current, AC frequency 

•• 

Simple DC generators: direct current, commutator 

hhComplex generators: rotor, stator, prime mover, three-phase current 

•• 

Motors: 

hhMotor effect: electric motor, torque, torque arm, two-pole motor 

hhEnergy losses: hysteresis, eddy currents 

•• 

Electrochemical cells: 

•• 

Current production: electrodes, electrolyte, salt bridge, load, 

anode, cathode, electromotive force 

•• 

Batteries: cells in series and in parallel 

•• 

Thermoelectricity: 

hhSeebeck effect: thermocouple, Seebeck voltage and effect 

hhPeltier effect 

•• 

Piezoelectricity: 

hhPiezoelectric effect and devices 

Electric Circuits 

• 

• Resistance: 

•• 

Defining resistance 

hhResistance in a conductor 

hhOhmic, nonohmic, resistivity 

•• 

Rheostat 

hhNichrome 

•• 

Insulators, semiconductor, conductor, superconductivity 

•• 

Ohm’s Law: 

•• 

Elements of a circuit: current source, conventional current 

•• 

Circuits with a single resistance: Ohm’s law 

•• 

IR drop: voltage, energy transactions 

hhQuantitative treatment of equivalent resistance: 

hhSeries and parallel resistors 

hhRules for resistances in series 

hhEquivalent parallel resistance, rules for resistance in parallel 

•• 

Complex circuits: 

•• 

Networks 

•• 

Circuit resistance and current: 

•• 

Open circuit 

hhOpen-circuit voltage 

•• 

Closed circuit 

hhClosed-circuit voltage 

•• 

Short circuit 

hhMeasuring electricity: multimeter, galvanometer, ammeter, 

voltmeter, ohmmeter 

hhKirchhoff’s Laws: first law, junctions, principle of charge conservation, 

second law 

Electrical Devices 

• 

• Electrical work: 

•• 

Work and heat: 

hhCalculation of joule heat 

•• 

Work and power: 

hhThree equations for electric power 

•• 

Energy consumption 

• Effective values of current and voltage: house current, in phase 

•• 

Capacitor: 

hhCalculating capacitance: farad, dielectric, dielectric constant, 

permittivity of free space, dielectric strength 

hhCapacitor combinations: parallel and series capacitors 

hhInductance: single loop, self-induced emf, coil, self-inductance, 

inductor, mutual inductance 

hhInductor combinations: series and parallel inductors, series-aiding 

and series-opposing combinations 

•• 

Transformers: 

hhTransformer equation 

•• 

Step-up and step-down transformers 

hhEfficiency 

Advanced Physics Concepts 

• 

• Quantum theory: 

•• 

Blackbody radiation: 

•• 

Incandescence 

hhRadiancy 

hhStefan-Boltzmann law, Wien’s law 

•• 

Quanta: Planck, quantum theory 

•• 

Photons: 

• Photoelectric effect: 

hhPhotoelectrons, work function 

hhSaturation potential, stopping potential 

hhThreshold frequency, Eistein’s hypothesis, Compton effect 

•• 

Matter waves: 

hhMomentum of light 

•• 

De Broglie’s equation, matter waves 

hhWave-particle duality, complementarity 

•• 

Quantum numbers: 

•• 

Pauli exclusion principle, orbital 

•• 

Principal, subshell, magnetic, and spin quantum numbers 

hhAngular momentum 

•• 

Spectral lines: 

•• 

Line emission spectra: 

•• 

Line absorption spectrum, emission spectra and classical 

theory, quantized, ground and excited states 

hhQuantitative relationships between wavelength, energy, and 

quantum numbers 

•• 

Wave mechanics: 

hhWave mechanical model, wave function 

•• 

Uncertainty principle: 

hhMathematical formulation, philosophical implications 

Relativity 

•• 

Speed of light: 

Grade 12 


hhGalileo’s, Rømer’s, and Michelson’s methods; ether, interferometer 

•• 

Theories of relativity: 

hhPhysical absolutes, relativism: 

•• 

Special relativity: 

•• 

Five applications, rest mass, time dilation, length contraction 

hhQuantitative aspects 

•• 

General relativity: its effects, conclusion 

199


Jesus Sti ls the Storm 



1 Journey to Kadesh-Barnea 

2 The Twelve Spies 

3 The Rebellion of Korah 

4 Moses Strikes the Rock 

5 The Serpent of Brass 

6 Balaam, the False Prophet 

7 Moses Sees the Promised 

Land 



1 Promise of the Savior 

2 Birth of Jesus 

3 Angels Bring the News to 

the Sheperds 

4 Wise Men Worship the King 

5 Flight into Egypt 


® 


Jesus Goes to the Temple 

Flash-a-Card 

8 Lessons 75310007 • 37 Cards 

abeka.com 

1 The Boy Jesus 

2 Baptism of Jesus 

3 Temptation of Jesus 

4 First Disciples 

5 Calling the Fishermen and 

Matthew 

6 First Miracle 

7 Through a Roof and Beside 

a Pool 

8 Cleansing the Temple and 

Visit of Nicodemus 



1 Marah: God Heals the Bitter Waters 

2 God Gives Meat and Manna 

3 Rephidim: God Gives Water 

from the Rock 

4 God Saves the People from Amalek 

5 Sinai: God Speaks to the People 

6 The Golden Calf 

7 The Ten Flash-a-Card 

Commandments 


® 

Zacchaeus 

75833006 

abeka.com 


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1 Jesus Stills the Storm 

2 Transfiguration 

3 Jesus and the Lepers 

4 Lazarus and the Rich Man 

5 Rich Young Ruler 

6 Zacchaeus 

7 Friends at Bethany 


® 

abeka.com 

Flash-a-Card 


® 

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1 The Outer Court 

2 The Holy Place 

3 The Holy of Holies 




1 Marah: God Heals the Bitter Waters 

2 God Gives Meat and Manna 

3 Rephidim: God Gives Water 

from the Rock 

4 God Saves the People from Amalek 

5 Sinai: God Speaks to the People 

6 The Golden Calf 

7 The Ten Commandments 


® 

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® 

Flash-a-Card 

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Bible 

Exodus— First Semester Grade 7 

Grade 7 

Journey 

Journey to SINAI 

through the WILDERNESS 

Journey to SINAI 

´krR''¨ 

75825007 

TABERNACLE 

Bible 7 consists of two semester courses: Exodus and the Life of Christ. 

Exodus is designed to give students a basic overview of the way God 

miraculously delivered His people out of captivity and led them into the 

Promised Land. 

When we understand many of the Israelites’ struggles and how God’s 

people often turned away from His leading, it shows us how God will 

deal with us if we stray from trusting in His perfect plan. By studying 

Exodus, students will clearly see God’s patience and mercy as He deals 

with His people. 

Evaluation 

• 

• Verses: 

•• 

Verse quizzes (11) 

•• 

9-weeks verses exam (1) 

•• 

Final verses exam (1) 

•• 

Content: 

•• 

Quiz on the books of the Bible (1) 

•• 

9-weeks content exam (1) 

•• 

Final content exam (1) 

´krR''¨ 

75825007 

´ks>&P¨ 

´.

Series 1 

Saul Meets Jesus on the Road to Damascus 


1 God Gives Power to Witness 

2 The Stoning of Stephen 

3 Saul Meets His Master 

4 God Gives Saul a Friend 

5 Paul’s First Missionary 

Journey 


Saul Teaches in Antioch 


1 Temple’s Foundation Laid 

2 Temple Completed 

3 Ezra the Priest 

4 Nehemiah the Cupbearer 

5 Enemies Without and 

Within 

6 Wall Completed 

7 Wall Dedicated 


Escape from Damascus 

Flash-a-Card 

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® 

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Flash-a-Card 

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® 

Series 2 

The Philippian Jailer Is Saved 

King Agrippa—Almost Persuaded 


1 Esther Becomes Queen 

2 Haman Conspires 

against the Jews 

3 Esther Petitions the King 

4 Haman Hangs on His 

Gallows 

5 Victory for the Jewish 

People 


Joshua Leads God’s People 

® 

Rahab’s Family Is Saved 


1 The Macedonian Vision 

2 The Philippian Jailer 

3 Thessalonica, Berea, and 

Mars’ Hill 

4 Uproar at Ephesus 

5 Paul Arrested in Jerusalem 

6 Before Governors and Kings 

7 Shipwreck! 

8 Rome, at Last! 

9 Paul’s Letters from Prison 


Voyage to Rome 

Flash-a-Card 

® 


1 Joshua: God’s Chosen Leader 

2 Rahab and the Scarlet Cord 

3 The Fall of Jericho 

4 Achan’s Sin 

5 The Gibeonites 

6 The Sun Stands Still 

7 Joshua’s Last Days 


God Sends Hail 

God Speaks to Samuel 

Samuel Goes to the Tabernacle 

® 

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1 The Boy Samuel 

2 The Philistines Capture 

the Ark 

3 Samuel Anoints Saul King 

4 Samuel Rebukes King Saul 


Saul Anointed King 

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Bible 

Book of Acts— First Semester Grade 8 

Grade 8 

Bible 8 consists of two parts: Book of Acts and Joshua and Judges. 

This first-semester course is designed to give students a basic overview 

of the life of Peter and Paul, the beginning of the church, and the spread 

of the gospel to the Gentiles and eventually to the world through Paul’s 

missionary travels. 

Through the Book of Acts, students may see the power of God at work in 

His willing servants. His servant Paul is a real person—a person with feelings 

just like anyone else. Yet Paul’s reactions to the trials of life and his 

indomitable faith in the power of Christ separated him from the nominal 

Christian life. His life serves as an example for all believers to follow. 

Evaluation 

• 

• Verses: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Content: 

•• 


•• 


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75868007 



•• 

John the Baptist/Peter (19 lessons) 

•• 

Crucifixion and Resurrection (16) 

•• 

Life of Paul Series 1 (14) 

•• 

Life of Paul Series 2 (21) 


•• 

Hymns of the faith, choruses, holiday songs 

Memory Work 

•• 

Passages (14 containing 48 verses) 

Prayer Time 

•• 

Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us 

Joshua & Judges— Second Semester Grade 8 

Ezra & 

Nehemiah 

ESTHERFlash-a-Card® 

Joshua 

´.1\/t¨ 

14176015 

Life of 

SAMUEL 

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´.+f.§¨ 

14117014 

The second-semester course, Joshua and Judges, focuses 

on the nation of Israel after their triumphant exodus from 

Egypt. The exciting, dramatic account of the conquering 

of the Promised Land will remind the student of the 

power of God and the provision for His people. This 

course begins with the anointing of Joshua and ends with 

the rule of Israel’s judges. 

Evaluation 

• 

• Verses: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Content: 

•• 


•• 



´.2H0>¨ 

14184016 


•• 

Joshua (16 lessons) 

•• 

Judges (19) 

•• 

Ruth (5) 

•• 

Life of Samuel (9) 

•• 

Esther (8) 

•• 

Ezra and Nehemiah (15) 


•• 

Hymns of the faith, holiday, choruses 

201 

Memory Work 

•• 

Passages (14 containing 44 total verses) 

Sword Drill 85 verses 

•• 

Old and New Testament 

Prayer Time 

•• 

Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us

Bible 

Kings of Israel Grade 9 

Kings of Israel charts the course of Israel’s history. First semester covers the lives of Saul, 

David, and Solomon—the kings of the United Kingdom of Israel—up to the division of 

the kingdom between Israel and Judah. Second semester covers the kings of Israel and 

Judah, the Assyrian and Babylonian captivities, and the return of the Jewish people to 

Jerusalem. 

Information is given in an easy-to-follow outline format. Numerous applications are given 

for nearly every outline to help students understand how these portions of Scripture 

relate to the temptations and problems they face every day. 


Evaluation 

• 

Grade 9 

• Verses: 

•• 


•• 

9-weeks verses exams (2) 

•• 

Semester verses exam (1) 

•• 


•• 

Content: 

•• 

Quizzes (10) 

•• 

Quizzes on the books of the Bible (2) 

•• 

9-weeks exams (2) 

•• 

Semester exam (1) 

•• 

Final exam (1) 

Lessons 137 

•• 

Samuel: God directs Samuel to choose a king for Israel 

•• 

Saul: 

•• 

Saul is chosen to be king 

•• 

Saul disobeys God 

•• 

David: 

•• 

Chosen to be king 

•• 

His faith in God when fighting Goliath 

•• 

Flees from Saul 

•• 

Davidic kingdom established 

•• 

Sin committed with Bathsheba and repentance 

•• 

Importance of proper friendships: David and Jonathan 

•• 

Absalom’s rebellion and defeat 

•• 

Sin and consequences in taking census 

•• 

Character of David 

hhPsalms: 

hhDecision and destiny 

hhPraising the Lord 

•• 

Solomon: 

•• 

Asks for God’s wisdom 

•• 

Monarchy of Israel with Solomon as king 

hhChristian and civil authority 

hhBuilding and dedication of the Temple 

hhSunset of Israel’s Golden Age 

hhProverbs: selected topics such as truths about your heart, 

communicating with others, work, honesty, correction, money, and 

relationships 

hhThe Divided Kingdom: contrasts in North and South 

•• 

Elijah: 

•• 

Elijah proclaims drought 

•• 

Mount Carmel contest with Ahab and false prophets 

•• 

Discouraged by Jezebel’s letter 

hhJehoshaphat and Ahab demonstrate need for Christian separation 

•• 

Elijah enters Heaven 

•• 

Elisha: his calling and miracles 

hhCountdown to captivity 

hhHezekiah: prayer and test 

hhIsaiah: prophet of God 

hhJosiah: last good king 

hhLast kings of Judah witness destruction of Jerusalem 

•• 

Daniel: 

•• 

Nebuchadnezzar’s dream of world empires 

•• 

Nebuchadnezzar exalted and humbled 

•• 

Darius sees handwriting on wall 

•• 

Esther boldly stands before the king 

•• 

Ezra: children of Israel return to rebuild the Temple 

•• 

Nehemiah shows leadership skills in building wall and working with 

people 


•• 

Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs 

Memory Work 

•• 


•• 

Books of the Bible 

Prayer Time 

•• 


202

Bible Grade 10 

Bible Doctrines Grade 10 

Christians need to know what they believe and why they believe it so they can be built 

up in their faith and equipped to present their beliefs intelligently and effectively to 

others. Bible Doctrines for Today is written as a practical, personal study designed to 

reach both the head and the heart of the student. It covers all major doctrines: the 

Bible, God, Christ, the Holy Spirit, man, salvation, the Church, angels, and end times. 

Important terms and definitions of these doctrines will be explained, illustrated, and 

applied to the student’s life. Many memory verses are correlated with the text to confirm 

the doctrinal truths being presented. 


Evaluation 

• 

• Verses: 

•• 


•• 

9-weeks verses exams (2) 

•• 

Semester verses exam (1) 

•• 


•• 

Content: 

•• 

Quiz on the books of the Bible (1) 

•• 

Quizzes (8) 

•• 

9-weeks exams (2) 

•• 

Semester exam (1) 

•• 


Lessons 137 

hhVarious biblical doctrines such as: Bibliology (18 lessons), Theology 

(16), Christology (12), Pneumatology (6), Anthropology (9), Soteriology 

(11), Ecclesiology (8), Angelology (9), and Eschatology (18) 

hhBibliology—doctrine of the Bible: 

hhRevelation and inspiration of the Scriptures 

hhAuthenticity, credibility, and canonicity of the Scriptures 

hhTheology—doctrine of God: 

hhArguments for His existence 

hhAttributes, sovereignty, nature, and names of God 

hhHis work of Creation and providence 

hhChristology—doctrine of Christ: 

hhNames and nature of Jesus Christ 

hhSignificance of Christ’s supernatural life 

•• 

Humiliation, crucifixion, resurrection, and exaltation of Jesus 

Christ 

hhPneumatology—doctrine of the Holy Spirit: 

hhHoly Spirit’s past and present work 

hhGifts and graces of the Holy Spirit 

hhBlasphemy against the Holy Spirit 

hhAnthropology—doctrine of man: 

•• 

Origin of man and sin on earth 

hhSeriousness of sin 

hhSoteriology—doctrine of salvation: 

hhNecessity of and faith for salvation 

hhJustification, sanctification, and adoption 

hhBlessings and assurance of salvation 

hhEcclesiology—doctrine of the church: 

hhOrganization, ordinance, and mission of the church 

hhAngelology—doctrine of angels: 

hhNames and titles of specific angels 

hhSatan: his present and future position 

hhEschatology—doctrine of last things: 

hhThe rapture of the church 

hhJudgment Seat of Christ for the saved 

hhTribulation on earth 

hhChrist’s second coming to earth and millennial reign 

hhGreat White Throne Judgment for the lost 

hhPersonal eschatology 

hhReality of heaven and hell 


•• 

Hymns of the faith, gospel songs, choruses, holiday songs 

Memory Work 

•• 


•• 

Salvation (5) 

•• 

The authenticity of the Scriptures (6) 

•• 

The Man of sorrows (6) 

•• 

Being wise (3) 

•• 

Being of one mind (4) 

•• 

Preeminence of Christ (4) 

•• 

The Everlasting and All-Knowing God (10) 

•• 

Praises to God (3) 

•• 

Serving with gladness (5) 

•• 

Books of the Bible 

Prayer Time 

•• 


203


Jesus & His Followers— First Semester Grade 11 

Jesus and His Followers traces the life of Christ from His arrival as a Babe in Bethlehem, 

through His death on the cross at Calvary, to His ascension into heaven. This practical, personal 

study of the gospels is designed to reach both the head and the heart of the student. 

Through the teachings of Jesus and the example He set for His followers, the student learns 

how to live a more abundant and fruitful Christian life. Practical applications and thoughtprovoking 

questions encourages the student to examine his walk with Christ and apply 

God’s Word to his life. Memory passages have been selected to correlate with the topics 

discussed to help the student become grounded in the Scriptures. 

Evaluation 

• 

• Verses: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Content: 

•• 

Unit quizzes (8) 

•• 


•• 



Lessons 72 

hhThe Bible—God communicates with us: 

hhHow our English Bible came to us 

hhThe English Bible in the 20th Century 

hhFour portraits of Christ in the Gospels 

•• 

Jesus’ birth and preparation for ministry: 

•• 

The first Christmas 

•• 

In the Temple at age twelve 

•• 

Jesus is baptized 

•• 

The trinity of God 

•• 

The purpose of water baptism 

•• 

Salvation is a prerequisite 

•• 

Jesus is tempted 

• 

• The background of the tempter 

hhThe essence of temptation 

•• 

Jesus’ early ministry: 

•• 

Miracle at the wedding in Cana 

hhWhat Scripture says about alcohol 

hhDrugs—a blessing or a curse? 

•• 

Jesus cleanses the Temple 

•• 

The Spirit of God dwelling in the believer 

hhNew birth and the new nature 

•• 

Samaritan woman at the well 

•• 

His popular ministry in Galilee: 

•• 

Jesus heals and forgives sin 

hhCauses of sickness 

•• 

Ten lepers and Jairus’s daughter 

hhPromises for answered prayer 

•• 

Feeding the multitude 

•• 

Jesus walks on water and offers living Bread 

•• 

Jesus meets with opposition 

hhJesus meets demonic activity 

•• 

The Master Teacher: 

•• 

Jesus teaches through parables 

•• 

Jesus calls the disciples and chooses apostles 

•• 

Jesus teaches His followers to pay taxes 

•• 

Jesus reveals what hell is like 

hhVarious Encounters: The Sabbath encounter 

•• 

Christ encounters the hypocritical Pharisees: 

•• 

Mount of Transfiguration 

hhTwo ways to increase faith 

•• 

Encounters with a young ruler and Zacchaeus 

•• 

Widow’s Son and Lazarus 

•• 

The Passion Week: 

•• 

Triumphal entry 

•• 

Passover supper and Garden of Gethsemane 

•• 

Paul instructs the church about the Lord’s table 

•• 

Jesus speaks to the eleven 

hhThe vine and the branches 

hhPersecution inevitably awaits His followers 

hhJesus’ prayer for His disciples 

•• 

Jesus’ trial and crucifixion 

•• 

Resurrection: Post-resurrection appearances 

•• 

Ascension 

hhSermon on the Mount 

hhThe Beatitudes produce “overflowing joy” 

hhDisciples called to be “salt” and “light” 

hhGuidelines for giving and praying 

hhThe Lord’s Prayer—an outline for prayer 

hhGuidelines to combat materialism 

hhPractical points to avoid pitfalls 


•• 

Hymns, gospel songs, holiday songs 

Memory Work 

•• 


Prayer Time 

• • Learn to pray for others, missions, our nation, those in authority over 

us. Include praise and thanksgiving to God. 

204

17239101 


Life Management— Second Semester Grade 11 

´17{!A¨ 

11–12 

Life Management under 

God 

a ement 

Third Edition 

Life 

under 

God 

Job Success • Managing Money 

Getting Along with Parents • Drug Abuse 

Dating • Preparing for Marriage 

Alcohol and Tobacco • Gambling 

Abortion • First Aid 

Sexually Transmitted Diseases 

Living with Your Marriage Partner 

Divorce from a Biblical Perspective 

Fornication and Adultery 

Social Networking 

The successful Christian life is a life under biblical management. Life Management 

under God is an application of biblical principles in practical areas of life. Each lesson 

provides a marvelous opportunity to apply God’s truth to everyday problems and 

situations. Great effort has been taken to also include critical topics from a scriptural 

point of view. This study can help each student obtain success by instructing him on 

how to apply the Word of God, life’s greatest certainty, to his own life. 


Evaluation 

• 

• Verses: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Content: 

•• 

Unit quizzes (7) 

•• 


•• 


Lessons 70 

hhHow to relate to others: 

hhBeing a friend 

hhRelationships with the opposite sex 

hhGetting along with your family 

hhLearning to forgive 

hhLiving courteously 

hhYour safety and well-being: 

hhFirst aid 

•• 

Alcohol and tobacco 

• 

• Illegal drugs 

hhDeveloping balanced living habits: 

hhNutrition for optimum living 

hhExercise for vibrant living 

hhDealing with stress and fatigue 

hhPromoting spiritual health 

hhJob success: 

hhPart-time work and your life’s work 

hhHow to get a job 

hhHow to get along with your boss and relate to your fellow workers 

hhTaking responsibility: 

hhTime management for efficient living 

hhManaging your money 

hhResponsibilities of citizenship 

hhPreparing for marriage from a biblical perspective: 

hhFalling in love 

hhLiving with your marriage partner 

hhLooking at the issue of divorce 

hhFornication and adultery 

hhSexually transmitted diseases 

hhIssues that affect your life: 

hhCreation versus evolution, abortion 

hhGambling, social networking 


•• 

Songs, holiday songs 

Memory Work 

•• 


Prayer Time 

•• 


205

17473401 


´1OB!-¨ 

Genesis— First Semester Grade 12 

Genesis—First Things introduces the student to the fascinating record of God’s Creation 

and the beginning of Israel, His chosen nation. Relevant topics such as marriage, government, 

and the sanctity of life are addressed from a Christian perspective through the 

stories of Genesis. This course imparts practical application and proposes many thoughtprovoking 

questions that encourage a student to think biblically and develop a Christian 

world-view. Memory passages have been selected to correlate with the topics discussed 

and help the student become grounded in the Word of God. 


Evaluation 

• 

• Verses: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Content: 

•• 

Content quizzes (6) 

•• 


•• 


Lessons 69 

hhAbout Genesis: 

hhThe inspiration of the sacred Scriptures 

hhThe Bible and scientific discoveries 

•• 

Creation and the nature of man: 

• 

• Man is the crown jewel of creation 

hhMan’s practice of paganism 

•• 

Man’s dominion of the earth 

•• 

Beginning of marriage and family: 

•• 

Perfect marriage 

•• 

Adam’s Fall 

•• 

Cain, Abel, and Seth 

hhEarth’s great catastrophe and its effect on man: 

•• 

Noah prepares the ark 

hhAfter the Flood: 

hhAtmospheric changes 

hhCivil government mandate 

•• 

Nations begin to form: 

•• 

Tower of Babel 

hhOrigin of nations 

•• 

Beginning of Israel: journeys of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph 


•• 

Hymns of the faith, holiday songs 

Memory Work 

•• 


Prayer Time 

•• 


206


Book of the Revelation—Second Semester Grade 12 

Using the seven churches of Asia Minor as an outline of church history, Book of the Revelation 

chronicles the life of the church from the apostolic church of the first century to the 

Laodicean church of the twentieth century. The text focuses particularly on godly men and 

women who allowed themselves to be used by God. This gives students a greater appreciation 

for their Christian heritage and provides them with good role models such as John 

Wycliffe, George Whitefield, David Livingstone, Fanny Crosby, and Billy Sunday. Book of the 

Revelation continues with a look at the future events revealed to John on the isle of Patmos. 

The prophecies of Revelation are clearly explained to help students develop a greater desire 

for the Lord’s return and to encourage them to watch and be ready. 

Evaluation 

• 

• Verses: 

•• 


•• 


•• 


•• 

Content: 

•• 

Content quizzes (15) 

•• 

Test (1) 

•• 



Lessons 69 

hhChurch history: 

hhEphesus: seven periods of church history 

hhSmyrna: some famous martyrs 

hhPergamos: 

hhEmperor Constantine 

hhArian and Augustine and the Pelagian controversies 

hhDoctrine of Balaam weakens the believers 

hhDoctrine of the Nicolaitans gets a stronghold 

hhThe spread of the Gospel to Africa and Ireland 

hhThyatira: 

hhRise of the Papacy 

hhDoctrines of men 

hhLong line of popes 

hhReactions and divisions: 

hhMohammed and Islam 

hhEastern Catholics break with the Roman Church 

hhSardis: 

hhThe English Reformation 

hhState churches and denominations 

hhSeparatists and pilgrims 

hhPhiladelphia: 

hhPietists and Moravians 

hhGreat Awakening circuit riding preachers and camp meetings 

hhAmerica’s Second Great Awakening 

hhVictorian Era 

hhHeroes of the faith in the 1800s 

hhSatan’s response to the Philadelphia Church: 

hhThe rise of false philosophies and cults 

hhHow we should respond when encountering a cult 

hhLaodicea: 

hhRevival fires in the first half of the 20th Century: Satan countermoves 

with Neo-orthodoxy 

hhThe Laodicean Church in the last half of the 20th Century: 

hhHistory of New Evangelicalism 

hhSocial revolution in the 1960s and ’70s 

hhProgressive Education and Materialism impact the Laodicean 

Church 

hhThings to come: 

hhRapture of the Church: 

hhWhy we believe the Rapture occurs before the Tribulation 

hhThrone of God and Six Seal Judgments: 

hhThe First Parenthesis: 144,000 Jewish Evangelists 

hhSeventh Seal is opened: 

hhSix Trumpet Judgments 

hhThe Second Parenthesis: 

hhMighty angel 

hhBitter-sweet book 

hhMeasuring rod 

hhTwo faithful witnesses 

hhThird Parenthesis: 

hhAntichrist and False Prophets: 

hhGreat Dragon persecutes Israel 

hhWinepress of God’s Wrath 

hh7th Trumpet: 

hhSeven last plagues 

hhThe Great Day of the Lord’s Wrath 

hhBabylon and its fall 

hhSecond Coming of Christ: to judge and make war 

hhChrist’s Millennial Reign and Satan’s Doom: 

hhResurrection of the saved and the lost 

hhGreat White Throne Judgment 

hhThe New Jerusalem 


•• 

Hymns of the faith, choruses 

Memory Work 

•• 


Prayer Time 

•• 


207

Electives Grades 7–12 

Spanish 1 Grades 7–12 

The four basic steps in learning any language are study, memorization, practice, 

and application. This course utilizes all four of these steps. The text Por todo el 

mundo is designed to enable the student to speak, understand, read, and write 

the basic Spanish he would need to know in most everyday situations. Memorization 

of Bible verses in Spanish is also a major part of the course. 

The Vocabulary Manual provides a first-year student with a logical, step-by-step 

introduction to the most common Spanish words and expressions. They apply 

this knowledge as they participate in conversations, read assigned material, sing 

songs, translate Bible stories orally, give oral reports, perform dramas, and write 

letters and reports. 


Application 

•• 

Vocabulary exercises to master each 

vocabulary lesson: 

•• 

Conversation, reading, songs, 

interviews 

•• 

Oral Bible story translations, oral 

reports 

•• 

Dramas, letters, written reports 

•• 

Spanish hymns (75) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Memorize 35 verses in Spanish 

(witnessing tool) 

•• 

Weekly vocabulary quizzes (33) 

•• 

Grammar and reading quizzes 

recommended 

•• 


Pronunciation 

hhIntroduction to Spanish alphabet, vowel and consonant sounds 

hhConstant review of sounds, intonation, stress, and punctuation 

Grammar 

hhSpanish alphabet: vowels, consonants 

hhNames, introductory conversations 

hhNouns: 

hhGender 

hhPlural: the and a (an) before plural nouns 

hhArticles: 

hhDefinite: el/la 

hhIndefinite: a 

hhStatements and questions: 

hhWith ES, ESTA, transitive verbs, pronouns, descriptive adjectives, 

helping verbs 

hhIn past tense with helping verbs, irregular helping verbs 

hhComparisons: ES versus ESTA, Saber versus Conocer, Ser versus 

Estar, Por versus Para, of quantity 

hhPrepositions: 

hhDe and a 

hhBefore infinitives: in past tense 

hhPronouns as objects of prepositions 

hhPronouns: 

hhSubject, asking and answering questions, relative pronoun Que 

hhDirect object pronouns: before the verb 

hhUse of object pronouns, asking questions in past tense sentences, 

double object, as object of prepositions 

hhVerbs: 

hhTransitive verbs, verb endings, personal endings for Spanish -AR verbs 

hhIrregular 

hhHelping, -ER and -IR verbs 

hhRegular: -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs 

hhInfinitives: 

hhAdjective expressions before infinitives 

hhPrepositions before infinitives: in past tense 

hhTenses: 

hhPresent 

hhPast: regular -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs; stem changing -IR verbs; 

questions with pronouns; combining sentences 

hhAdjectives: 

hhDescriptive, types and forms, ending in E and in a consonant, 

preceding a noun, double adjectives, adjective expressions before 

infinitives 

hhPossessive: before plural nouns 

hhDemonstrative 

hhSummary of types, of nationality, Ser and Estar before adjectives 

hhComparison: with Tan…Como 

hhSer and Estar: comparison, before adjectives, describing inanimate 

objects 

hhAnd, or, but, contraction of DE and EL, the personal you, telling time, 

the date, combining sentences, indefinite and negative words 

Vocabulary Topics 

hhIntroductory expressions: greetings, introductions and farewells, 

questions and answers, favors and courtesies 

hhSchool: people, things, requests, days, numbers 1–30, places, in the 

classroom, times, courses, months, actions, activities 

hhClothing: type and style, color, shopping, quality and size, quantity 

and measurement, price 

hh-ER verbs, -IR verbs 

hhThe family: personal characteristics, physical appearance, personal 

history 

hhHome: 

hhThe house: characteristics and conditions, construction, furniture, 

prepositions of place, pastimes, housework 

hhFood: 

hhThe meal, table service, beverages, meat, vegetables, fruit 

hhCondiments, breakfast, lunch, dinner, dessert, in the restaurant 

hhCreation: 

hhThe universe, the world, animals 

hhMan: the head, the body 

hhHealth: What’s wrong with you?, health and the mind, religion and worship 

hhVacation: recreation and relaxation 

hhTravel and sightseeing, transportation, departure date, directions, 

distance 

hhIn the city: important buildings and places 

208


Spanish 2 Grades 7–12 

The Spanish 2 program is designed to improve the students’ ability to speak, understand, read, and write basic 

Spanish in most everyday situations, with a strong emphasis on witnessing for Christ. A Bible memory verse for 

each week, practice lessons from the life of Christ, and a strong missionary emphasis make this course unique. The 

other applications of these skills include writing Bible stories, performing create-a-scenes and situation act-outs, 

storytelling, taking part in discussion and debate, anecdote and questions, and giving their testimony. 

The text Más que vencedores briefly reviews basic Spanish 1 grammar and then introduces new grammar. The goal 

of Spanish 2 is to enable the student to speak the language with a real working knowledge of it. Cultural readings 

of Spain and Latin America are featured. 

The Vocabulary Manual briefly reviews the basic words and expressions learned in Spanish 1, and then introduces new 

expressions and words. The Spanish 2 student will find the vocabulary manual a helpful tool in writing compositions. 

Application 

•• 

Vocabulary exercises to master 

each vocabulary lesson: 

•• 

Conversations, cultural readings 

•• 

Stories from the life of Christ (a 

witnessing tool) 

•• 

Written reports, interviews 

•• 

Oral Bible story translations, 

written Bible story translations 

•• 

Create-a-scene, situation act-outs, 

dictation, storytelling 

•• 

Discussion and debate, anecdote and 

questions 

•• 

Testimony, oral report, enrichment 

activities 

Evaluation 

•• 

Memorize 32 verses in Spanish 


•• 


•• 


recommended 

•• 



Grammar 

•• 

Tenses 

•• 

Present tense: 

•• 

Verb forms and structures 

hhPresent perfect: irregular forms 

hhPresent progressive: overview, forms, structure, irregular forms 

•• 

Past tense 

•• 

Forms and structures, irregular verbs 

hhCustomary action, true passive 

hhImperfect: irregular forms, states of mind and being, with ongoing 

states 

hhFuture: overview, endings, irregular forms, in indirect questions 

and statements, with If clauses 

hhConditional: overview, endings, irregular forms, with unreal If 

clauses 

hhProgressive of tenses 

•• 

Nouns: 

•• 

Related forms and structures 

hhDiminutives 

•• 

Verbs: 

•• 

Irregular verbs: past tense, commands 

hhPassive voice: true passive, passive action 

hhSubjunctive mood: 

hhAfter expressions of emotion and expressions of doubt and 

denial 

hhSubjunctive mood vs. indicative mood 

hhAfter joining words and relative pronouns 

•• 

Pronouns: 

hhIndirect objects, contrast of direct and indirect object pronouns 

•• 

Double object 

hhReflexive object: to convey action done to oneself, reciprocal 

action, bodily movements, and the assumption of bodily positions 

hhRelative and compound relative 

•• 

Adjectives: 

•• 

Descriptive before the noun 

hhAbsolute superlative, “true superlative” 

hhForming adverbs from adjectives, diminutives 

hhAdverbs: forming adverbs from adjectives, comparative and superlative 

•• 

Contrasts: 

hhConcepts and structures, direct and indirect object pronouns 

hhPreterite and imperfect 

•• 

Por and Para 

•• 

Passive action (with Ser) and state of being (with Estar) 

hhSubjunctive and indicative moods 

hhNominalization: modification structures, demonstrative pronouns, 

possessive pronouns 

hhQuestions: 

hhCompound interrogatives: indirect questions 

hhIndefinite and negative words 

hhGustar: to be pleasing, indirect objects with Gustar, similar verbs 

hhJoining sentences with words similar to Cuando, infinitive constructions 

hhCommands: 

hhWith irregular verbs 

hhIndirect: subjunctive mood 


•• 

Spanish 1 Vocabulary Review 

•• 

In the city: 

•• 

Important buildings and places 

hhBusinesses, merchants 

hhDirections, distance, on a trip, departure time 

hhCommunication: mail, telephone 

•• 

School: back to school, class activities 

hhSports: contest elements, sports activities and skills 

209 

Spanish 2 cont. p. 210

Electives 

Spanish 2 cont. 

Vocabulary Topics cont. 

hhJewelry and personal effects, fabric, toilet accessories, personal 

hygiene, getting ready 

•• 

Clothing, shopping 

hhPersonal relations: attitudes, actions 

h 

h Posture, movement of body parts, adjectives describing events and 

situations, verbs of becoming 

hhIn the kitchen: 

hhStove and sink, utensils and appliances 

hhCooking, recipes, measurements and quantities 

hhMiscellaneous topics: 

hhMoney and finances 

hhPrepositions and adverbs of place 

hhIn the garden, on the farm, at the seaside (beach) 

hhImportant days, logic and reasoning 

hhThe church, state and government 

Grades 7–12 


hhThe arts, artists, works of art, artistic skills, construction materials, 

shapes and textures 

French 1 Grades 7–12 

Nouveaux Chemins is designed to give students the skills to speak, understand, 

read, and write basic French in most everyday situations, with a strong emphasis 

on witnessing for Christ. Memorization of Bible verses in French is a major part of 

this course. 

The vocabulary exercises aid the students in reading French writings, forming 

French words, singing songs, conducting interviews, translating Bible stories 

orally, writing compositions, giving oral reports, and performing dramas all in 

French. 


Application 

•• 

Vocabulary exercises to master 

each vocabulary lesson: 

•• 

Reading, word formation, songs, 

interviews 

•• 

Oral Bible story translations 

•• 

Compositions, oral reports, 

dramas 

Evaluation 

•• 

Memorize 35 verses in French 


•• 


•• 


recommended 

•• 


Pronunciation 

hhIntroduction to the French alphabet and vowel sounds 

hhConsistent review of sounds, intonation, stress, and rhythm 

Grammar 

hhNouns: plural, articles before plural nouns 

hhGender 

hhArticles: definite, indefinite, before plural nouns 

hhStatements and questions 

hhAnd, or, but 

hhPrepositions 

hhContraction of de + article 

hhThe date 

hhPronouns: 

hhSubject, relative 

hhDirect object, double object, objects of preposition 

hhNeuter demonstrative 

hhVerbs: 

hhTransitive, verb endings, taking infinitive complements 

hhWith spelling changes, passé composé of regular verbs 

hhInfinitives 

hhIrregular past participles 

hhPresent and past tenses: 

hhCombining and expanding sentences, adverb placement 

hhNegative words in past-tense constructions 

hhQuestions: 

hhAnswering questions with pronoun subjects 

hhWith tag pronouns in past tense 

hhIndirect questions in past tense 

hhPersonal you 

hhAdjectives: placement, gender/number agreement, preceding a 

noun, doubling their final consonant, expressions before the infinitive, 

irregular, possessive, demonstrative 

hhFrench words: Avoir, Aller, Il y a, Être, Savoir, Devoir, Voir, Croire, 

Vouloir, Pouvoir, Offrir, Souffrir, Ouvrir, Couvrir, Découvrir, Pendre, 

Comprendre, Apprendre, Surprendre, Lire, Dire, Écrire, Faire, Mettre, 

Connaître, Paraître, Boire, Recevoir, Dormir, Sortir, Partir, Servir, and 

Courir, Venir, Tenir, Vivre, Suivre 

hhTelling time, combining sentences 

h 

hhCommands 

hhIndefinite and negative words 

hhComparisons 

h 

h Adverbs: adverbial phrases, placement in past tense sentences 

h Partitive article 


hhIntroductory expressions: 

h 

h 

hhSchool: 

h 

h 

h 

h Greetings, introductions and farewells 

h Questions and answers, favors and courtesies 

h People, things, requests, days of the week, numbers 1–30 

h In the classroom, courses, subjects, weather, months, holidays 

h Desires, actions, and activities 

210 

French 1 cont. p. 211

Electives 

French 1 cont. 

Vocabulary Topics cont. 

hhClothing: men’s, women’s, fashion, color, shopping, quality and size, 

choice, quantity, measurement, price 

hh-Ir verbs: the family, personal characteristics, physical appearance 

hh-Re verbs: 

hhAdverbial phrases (point in time), curriculum vitae 

hhPlace of residence and work, professions and trades (optional) 

hhHome: 

hhThe house: rooms, architecture, inside and outside, characteristics, 

condition 

hhFurniture, prepositions of place, pastimes, time, gardening, housework 

hhFood: meal/table service, food, menu, beverages and desserts 

h 

h Recreation: vacation/recreation and relaxation, travel and sightseeing, 

transportation, departure time 

hhWorship: religion and worship 

hhBody and health: parts of the body, health and the mind, state of 

mind 

hhCreation: the universe, the world, animals 

h 

Grades 7–12 


h The city: important buildings, important places, businesses, merchants, 

directions, distance 

French 2 Grades 7–12 

Langue et Louange briefly reviews basic French 1 grammar and then introduces new grammar. The 

goal of French 2 is to enable the student to have a real working knowledge of French. Cultural 

readings are featured in this text. 

The application of these skills include reading and answering questions; writing compositions; 

conducting interviews; performing create-a-scenes and situation act-outs; telling stories; participating 

in discussions, debates, anecdotes, and questions; and being prepared to give a testimony for 

Christ. 

Application 

•• 

Vocabulary exercises to master each vocabulary lesson: 

•• 

Reading and questions, composition, interviews 

•• 

Oral Bible story translation 

•• 

Create-a-scene, situation act-outs, dictation, storytelling 

•• 

Discussion and debate, anecdote and questions 

•• 

Testimony, oral report, enrichment activities 

Evaluation 

•• 

Memorize 30 verses in French (witnessing tool) 

•• 


•• 

Grammar and reading quizzes recommended 

•• 



Grammar 

• 

• Tenses: 

•• 

Present: forms and structures 

•• 

Past: forms and structures, customary action in the past 

hhImperfect: 

hhImperfect versus the Passé Composé 

hhIrregular forms of imperfect tense 

hhWith states of mind and being 

hhTo report a state of affairs 

hhFuture: 

hhIrregular forms, in indirect statements, with If clauses 

hhCombining and expanding sentences 

hhConditional: irregular forms, with hypothetical If clauses 

•• 

Nouns: forms and structures 

•• 

Verbs: 

• 

• Taking Être as a helping verb in the Passé Composé 

hhReflexive verbs in the Passé Composé 

211 

hhOf perception before the infinitive 

hhSubjunctive mood: 

hhIn indirect commands, after expressions of emotion 

hhIrregular forms, after expressions of doubt and denial 

hhAfter joining words, in relative clauses 

•• 

Pronouns: 

• 

• Double object 

hhIndirect object, direct versus indirect object 

•• 

Demonstrative 

hhInterrogative 

hhReflexive object: 

hhTo convey action done to oneself 

hhThe assumption of bodily positions 

hhReciprocal action, the process of becoming 

hhPossessive, the pronoun En, compound relative 

hhThe pronoun Y: adverbial, indirect 

hhThe order of object pronouns 

hhInterrogative 

hhOrder of pronouns with commands 

French 2 cont. p. 212

Electives 

French 2 cont. 

Grammar cont. 

hhQuestions: compound interrogatives, indirect with compound interrogatives 

•• 

Adjectives: 

•• 

Descriptive adjectives before the noun 

hhSuperlative form of adjectives 

hhForming adverbs from adjectives 

hhTu commands 

hhAdverbs: forming from adjectives, comparative and superlative 

hhJoining sentences 

hhExpanding sentences 

hhCausative constructions with Faire 


• 

• Review of French 1 vocabulary 

•• 

The city: important buildings/places 

Grades 7–12 


•• 

Directions, distance, on a trip, departure time 

hhCommunication: mail, telephone 

•• 

School: back to school, class activities 

hhSports: What do you play?, Where does the game take place?, sports skills 

hhJewelry and accessories, toiletries, general appearance, personal 

hygiene 

•• 

Clothing, shopping 

hhPersonal relations: attitudes, actions 

hhPosture, movement of body parts 

h 

h In the kitchen: stove and sink, utensils and appliances, cooking, recipes, 

measurements and quantities 

hhMiscellaneous topics: 

hhMoney and finances 

hhOn the farm, at the seaside (beach) 

hhTime, logic and reasoning 

hhThe church, state and government 

hhShapes and surfaces, the arts, artistic skills 

Keyboarding Grades 10–12 

Keyboarding and Document Processing is written to be clear and concise without 

being software or hardware specific. This keyboarding course begins with the 

basics of learning the keyboard—all alphabet and figure keys. 

Document formatting skills for business letters with special features and other 

letter and memo styles, unbound reports, and documents with tables are then 

covered. The main goal of this text is to teach students a skill they will use for life. 


Special Projects 

• 

• Creative writing 

•• 

Weeklong office simulation combining 

many documents learned 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 

Tests (8) 

•• 

Desk arrangement and technique 

quizzes (40) 

•• 

Graded documents (17) 

•• 

Timed writings (at least 163) 

Basic Skills 

hhWork area arrangement 

hhHand and finger placement, proper body position, correct keying 

technique 

hhIntroduction of alphabet keys in 23 lessons 

hhIntroduction of number and symbol keys 

hhSpacing after punctuation and symbols: 

hhSemicolon, period, colon, backslash, question mark, exclamation point, 

hyphen, dash, dollar sign 

hhGross words a minute 

hhNet words a minute 

Computer Skills 

hhLine spacing, hard and soft returns, headers and footers 

hhPage orientation, margins, text alignment 

hhCharacter formats: bold, italics, underline 

h 

h Centering text on a page, tab stops, indents 

212 

Proofreading Skills 

hhProofreader’s marks: 

hhInsert, close up or delete space, transpose, add space 

hhNew paragraph, do not delete 

hhCapitalize, lowercase, spell out 

hhMove right or left, align horizontally or vertically, center 

hhBold, italics, underline, start new line, delete 

hhKeying and correcting documents 

hhApplying proofreader’s marks to already keyed text 

Number Expression Facts 

hhRegular numbers, house numbers, numbers that begin a sentence 

hhStreet numbers, sums of money, weights and measurements 

hhNumbers that follow nouns, numbers used together 

hhRelated and unrelated numbers 

Keyboarding cont. p. 213


Keyboarding cont. 

Document Formatting 

hhAnnouncements 

hhMemorandums: 

hhSimplified, standard 

hhSpecial features: attachment, enclosure 

hhDistribution lists 

hhPersonal business letters: punctuation, block style, enclosure notation 

hhEnvelopes: USPS format, inside address format 

hhBusiness letters: 

hhPunctuation: open, closed, mixed 

hhSpecial features: 

hhConfidential, attention line, subject line, delivery notation 

hhCompany name in closing 

hhEnclosure notation, copy notation, postscript notation 

hhBlock style 

hhModified block style: horizontal center point 

hhSimplified block style 

hhOutlines 

hhReports: 

hhUnbound report: 


hhPage numbers, side headings, paragraph headings 

hhParenthetical citations, long quotations 

hhBound report 

hhWorks cited page, title page, tables 

hhColumns and rows, title and body, text columns, number columns 

hhOptional features: 

hhSecondary title, column headings, source note 

hhDollar amounts, total line 

hhEnumerations for letters, memorandums, and reports 

hhSecond page headings for 2-page letters and memorandums 

Document Processing Grades 11–12 (one semester) 

Keyboarding and Document Processing is also used in this course. Formatting 

and producing employment and business documents is the focus of this course. 

Students spend weeks on an office simulation, producing documents for their 

“supervisor.” They also work on their résumé and a cover letter, preparing them 

to seek employment. The final project is the compilation of a document portfolio 

which includes many documents that students have worked on in the keyboarding 

and document processing courses. 


Special Projects 

•• 

Preparing employment documents 

for an open position 

•• 

Weeklong office simulation combining 

many documents learned 

•• 

Creative writing 

Evaluation 

•• 


•• 

Tests (4) 

•• 

Desk arrangement and technique 

quizzes (13) 

•• 

Graded documents (15) 

•• 

Timed writings (at least 177) 

Computer Skills 

• 

• Margins, line spacing, headers and footers 

•• 

Page orientation, text alignment, character formats 

•• 

Centering text on a page, tab stops, indents, inserting symbols 

Proofreading Skills 

• 

• Correcting formatting and typing errors 

•• 

Keying documents and applying proofreader’s marks 

Document Formatting Skills 

hhEmployment applications 

hhRésumés: chronological, functional 

hhCover letters, follow-up letters, forms, announcements 

• 

• Memorandums: simplified, standard 

•• 

Envelopes 

•• 

Business letters: 

•• 

Personal 

•• 

Block style, modified block style, simplified block style 

hhEnumerations for letters, memorandums, and reports 

•• 

Second-page headings for 2-page letters and memorandums 

hhLetters and memorandums with tables 

•• 

Tables 

•• 

Reports: 

•• 

Unbound 

hhBound: long quotations 

hhMLA-style reports: long quotations, works cited page 

hhItineraries, agendas 

213


Speech Grades 11–12 (one semester) 

Speech for Today presents the art of everyday speech in a friendly, conversational style that students 

and teachers love. Experience is the key to developing good speaking skills; students need practice 

speaking to one another in small groups and before larger audiences. An abundance of speaking exercises, 

group projects, and selections for interpretation throughout the text provides opportunities for 

practice and performance. Skills mastered include telephone courtesy, introductions, personal testimonies, 

group discussion, parliamentary procedure, pantomime, monologues, poetry, and storytelling. 

Application 

• 

• Conversation exercise 

•• 

Impromptu speeches, interview exercise, 

personal testimony speech 

•• 

Group discussion exercise 

•• 

Parliamentary procedures exercise 

•• 

Pantomime exercise, character pantomime 

exercise 

•• 

Monologue preview and speech 

•• 

Declamation preview and speech 

•• 

Poetry preview and speech 

•• 

Storytelling preview and speech 

•• 

Devotional speech 

Evaluation 

•• 

Speeches (14) 

•• 

Pronunciation quizzes (2) 

•• 


•• 

Practice time sheets 


Place of Speech in Society 

hhBlessings and responsibilities of free speech 

h 

h Importance of speech to citizenship and success 

Everyday Conversation 

hhWhy so much, how to improve conversation 

Special Types of Conversation 

hhTelephone conversation 

h 

h 

h Introductions, impromptu speaking 

h Interviews, personal testimonies 

Group Discussion 

hhMethods: 

h 

h 

h 

h Committee meetings and conferences 

h Cooperative investigations, single-leader discussion, debates 

h Qualities of good group discussion 

Parliamentary Procedure 

hhPurpose, constitution and by-laws 

h 

hhThe meeting: 

h 

h 

h 

h Duties of officers, conducting business 

h Calling to order, reading the minutes 

h Reports, presenting motions, adjourning the meeting 

h Electing officers: nominations, elections 

Talking with the Body 

hhWhy and how we talk with the body 

h 

h 

h Posture, movement, walking and sitting 

h Gestures, pantomime 

Interpreting Monologues 

hhWhat is a monologue? 

h 

h 

h 

h 

h Steps to good characterization 

h Reacting to unseen characters 

h How to memorize for performance 

h 12 sample monologues 

214 

Reading with Meaning 

hhInterpretation 

h 

h 

h 

h 

h Studying the selection: thought analysis, attitude analysis 

h Techniques of interpretation: 

h Quality, pitch, range, inflection 

h Force, time, pause, emphasis 

Our American Pronunciation 

hhProblem of pronunciation, regional pronunciation 

h 

h 

h Sounds of American speech, articulating the sounds 

h Putting the sounds together: blending, rhythm 

Listening 

hhDo you listen? 

hhKinds of listening: enjoyment, inspiration, information/ideas, critical 

listening 

hhHow to listen effectively 

Interpreting Declamations and Poetry 

hhValue of declaiming, preparing a declamation 

hhDelivering the declamation: 

hhMood, pointing the thoughts, transitions 

h 

h 

h 

h Impersonating, effectiveness, practicing continuously 

h Judging a declamation, 5 sample declamations 

h Presenting poetry, 21 sample poems 

Storytelling 

hhValues of storytelling, the storyteller, the audience 

hhTypes of stories: 

hhFable, folk story, myth, adventure 

hhHistorical story, biographical story, Bible story 

hhSpecial occasion story, modern short story 

hhChoosing, preparing, and presenting the story 

h 

h 4 sample stories 

Extemporaneous Devotionals 

hhChoosing a topic, tentative outline 

h 

h Supporting details, final outline, practice delivery

Electives 

Family & Consumer Sciences Grades 11–12 (one semester) 

The themes of hospitality and stewardship are woven throughout Scripture. Family/ 

Consumer Sciences presents a wonderful opportunity for young people to learn 

entertaining and hospitality habits that they can implement as they establish their own 

homes and families. This practical introductory course on cooking and entertaining 

covers topics such as nutrition, meal management, and etiquette. The final project is 

a dinner party that pulls together all aspects studied during the course. 



•• 

Demonstrations (31) 

Evaluation 

•• 

Labs (15) 

•• 

Projects (2) 

•• 


•• 

Tests (5) 

Grades 11–12 

Kitchen Basics 

hhKitchen safety, food safety, dishwashing 

hhUse and care of appliances 

hhMicrowave cooking, basic kitchen techniques 

hhKitchen equipment 

hhUsing a recipe, lab procedures, key nutrients 

Nutrition 

hhKey nutrients, dietary guidelines, food pyramid 

hhWeight management, sports nutrition, consumer education 

hhMeal management 

Beverages & Breakfast 

hhMilk, coffee, tea, punch 

hhEggs: 

hhPurchasing and storing 

hhHandling, breaking and separating, cooking 

hhEgg substitutes 

Grains 

hhTypes of grains, preparation and storage 

hhQuick breads: 

hhMuffins, nut breads, pancakes, French toast, waffles 

hhBiscuits 

hhYeast breads 

Food Preservation 

hhFreezing, canning, making jelly 

Serving 

hhTable appointments: dinnerware, flatware, beverageware, linens, 

centerpieces 

hhTable setting, place setting 

hhEntering and seating in the dining room 

hhTypes of meal service, buffet service 

hhServing and clearing the table 

hhPlate presentation 

Successful Entertaining 

hhHospitality, table etiquette, table manners 

hhHandling awkward situations, restaurant etiquette 

hhParty planning: budget and theme, invitations, planning details, 

introductions 

Adding Flavor 

hhHerbs, spices, seasonings 

hhMarinades, legumes, pasta 

hhFats and oils, frying: pan-frying, deep-fat frying 

hhTypes of fat: solid, liquid 

hhSauces, gravies 

Produce 

hhVegetables: 


hhSelecting high quality: fresh, canned, frozen, dried 

hhGarnishes 

hhFruits: fresh, frozen, canned, uses 

hhSalads: 

hhTypes: fruit, gelatin, pasta, protein, vegetable, green 

hhDressings 

Lunch 

hhSoups and stews, casseroles 

hhCheese: natural, processed, imitation, storage and use 

hhSandwiches 

Dinner 

hhMeat: 

hhNutritional value, determining quality 

hhTypes: beef, veal, game, lamb, pork 

hhCuts, purchasing, storing, thawing, handling 

hhSeasoning, cooking, checking for doneness 

hhPoultry: 

hhNutritional value, determining quality 

hhPurchasing, handling, thawing 

hhSeasoning, cooking, checking for doneness, stuffing 

hhFish and shellfish: 

hhNutritional value, purchasing 

hhWhole, drawn, dressed, fillets, steaks 

hhTypes of fish 

hhShellfish: shrimp, mollusks, imitation seafood 

hhCooking 

Appetizers 

hhVarieties: 

hhHors d’oeuvres 

hhVegetable, fruit and cheese platters 

hhFinger foods, dips and spreads 

215 

Family & Consumer Sciences cont. p. 216


Family & Consumer Sciences cont. 


Appetizers cont. 

hhEntertaining with appetizers: 

hhParty planning 

hhArranging the food, arranging the table 

Desserts 

hhSelection, garnishes 

hhCustards and puddings 

hhCookies: bar, drop, pressed, shaped, rolled 

hhCakes: butter cakes, foam cakes, frosting 

hhPies and pastries: pie crusts, baking 

hhCandy: cooking stages, storage 

Art Grades 7–12 

Watercolor Step-by-Step introduces the tools of the trade, gives innovative substitutes 

for art materials, and shows the basic techniques used in creating watercolor 

paintings. Given this foundation, students copy the author’s step-by-step demonstration 

paintings, create their own compositions, and paint them in watercolor. Art 

history is incorporated in later lessons as students analyze and copy the style of 

master watercolorists. Students learn to paint still lifes, landscapes, floral compositions, 

architecture, and other subjects. 

Additional Features 

•• 

Step-by-step demonstrations (15) 

•• 

Self-paced assignments (43) 

• 

• Art history incorporated 

•• 

Advice on purchasing art materials 

•• 

Selected bibliography 

Evaluation 

•• 

Graded paintings (15) 


Getting Started 

hhStretching the paper 

hhPainting indoors and outdoors 

hhThe palette 

hhAfter painting 

Watercolor Paintings Produced 

hh15 paintings of scenes such as sunset, misty morning, storm over Lake 

Jackson, winter landscape, mimosa blossoms, teddy bears, the Valley 

of Dry Bones, Ochlocknee River in fall, portrait 

hh43 other related assignments 

Basics of Watercolor 

hhFlat wash, dark wash, graded wash 

hhWet in wet, dry brush, calligraphy 

hhSpattering, toothbrush, salt, dropping water, masking 

hhPainting with a sponge, scraping with a knife 

hhRubbing with an eraser or sponge, scrubbing with a tissue 

216

16659601 1/13 LM

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