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7DEOHRI &RQWHQWVChapter 1 151.1 The role of software architecture 151.1.1 A case for automated software architecture design tools 171.1.2 Limitations of current approaches 181.1.3 The role of lightweight, incremental adaptation 191.1.4 Contributions 211.2 Armani overview 221.2.1 Critical requirements 221.2.2 The Armani design language 231.2.3 The Armani design environment 241.2.4 Structure of the dissertation 25Chapter 2 272.1 The generic Armani infrastructure 272.2 Building an environment for a naïve client-server style 281.3 Incrementally adapting the naïve client-server environment 311.4 Summary 35Chapter 3 373.1 Software architecture description languages, toolkits, and environments 373.1.1 Aesop 373.1.2 Acme 403.1.3 Domain-Specific Software Architecture (DSSA) 413.1.4 Automated design critiquing 413.1.5 Other ADLs 423.2 General purpose software specification languages 443.2.1 UML 443.2.2 PVS 45

3.2.3 Larch 463.2.4 Traditional formal software specification languages 473.2.5 Law-Governed Systems 473.2.6 Configurable programming environments 483.3 Computer aided design and analysis tools 493.3.1 CAD tools for various disciplines 493.3.2 Tools that manage constraints and rules 503.3.3 Expert and rule-based systems 513.4 The design process 523.4.1 Design patterns and pattern languages 523.4.2 Rechtin's system architecting heuristics 53Chapter 4 554.1 Armani design language requirements 554.2 The Armani design language 594.2.1 Architectural structure 604.2.2 Representations 624.2.3 Extending structural specifications with properties 644.2.4 Armani structural language syntax 674.3 Design constraints 674.3.1 Constraint language formalism 694.3.2 Extending the structural language with constraints 714.3.3 Invariants vs. heuristics 764.3.4 Summary of architectural structure discussion 784.4 Capturing design expertise with predicate-based types 78Capturing design expertise with architectural types 794.4.2 Declaring a design element type 804.4.3 Creating a simple instance of a typed architectural element 844.4.4 Design element subtypes 874.4.5 Property Types 884.4.6 Architectural Styles 904.4.7 Multiple types 934.4.8 Formal type system semantics 944.5 Expressiveness, analyzability, and incrementality 954.5.1 Expressiveness 954.5.2 Analyzability 964.5.3 Incrementality 974.6 Architectural specifications and implementation code 984.7 Summary 99

Chapter 5 1015.1 Design environment requirements 1015.2 The Armani design environment architecture 1035.2.1 Core shared environment infrastructure 1045.2.2 Extending the environment with external tools 1065.2.3 Customized user interfaces 1095.3 Design environment discussion and evaluation 1135.3.1 Incremental reconfiguration 1135.3.2 Leverage 1145.3.3 Efficiency 1155.3.4 Integrating external tools 1175.3.5 Configurable user interfaces 1195.4 Summary 121Chapter 6 1236.1 Task analysis 1246.1.1 The traditional approach 1256.1.2 The Armani approach 1286.2 Summary of task analysis and comparison of results 133Chapter 7 1357.1 Experimental structure 1357.2 Discussion of case studies 1387.2.1 Case study 1: a data flow style 1387.2.2 Case study 2: a hierarchical style 1417.2.3 Case study 3: an interacting processes style 1457.2.4 Case study 4: two data-centric repository styles 1487.2.5 Case study 5: two call-and-return styles 1537.2.6 Case study 6: a data sharing style 1577.3 Experimental results. 160Chapter 8 1638.1 Experimental structure 1638.2 Case study details 1658.2.1 Case study 1: Modeling the Global Transportation Network 1668.2.2 Case study 2: Building an analytic tool-suite 1708.2.3 Case study 3: Security and fault-tolerance evaluation with DesignExpert 1768.2.4 Case study 4: Dynamic, run-time, architectural reconfiguration 1788.3 Summary and discussion 181

Chapter 9 1859.1 Design decisions that proved to be highly effective 1859.1.1 Supporting a rapid and iterative environment development process 1859.1.2 Selecting first-order predicate logic as the formalism for design rules 1869.1.3 Appropriately scoped design rule checking capabilities 1879.1.4 Straightforward type and constraint checking algorithms 1899.2 Design decisions that yielded mixed results 1919.2.1 Using a completely declarative design language 1919.2.2 Building extreme flexibility and reconfigurability into the environment 192Chapter 10 19510.1 Summary 19510.1.1 Contributions 19610.2 Future work: 19710.2.1 Generalizing flexible configuration strategies 19710.2.2 Integrating the Armani toolset with full software lifecycle processes 19810.2.3 Building effective design tools 20010.2.4 Composable connectors 20110.2.5 Distribution and installation of component-based systems 20110.2.6 Selecting appropriate styles and design expertise 20310.3 Conclusion 203Chapter 11 205Appendix A 211BNF Meta-Syntax 211Armani Grammar 211

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System simpleCS = {Component client = { Port sendRequest }Component server = { Port receiveRequest }Connector rpc = { Roles {caller, callee} }Attachments {client.sendRequest to rpc.caller ;server.receiveRequest to rpc.callee }}FOLHQWrpcVHUYHU([DPSOH 6LPSOHFOLHQWVHUYHUV\VWHPVSHFLILFDWLRQLQ$UPDQLWH[WOHIWDQGDVDER[DQGOLQHGLDJUDPULJKW7RLOOXVWUDWHOHWXVH[WHQGWKHVLPSOHFOLHQWVHUYHUV\VWHPGHVFULEHGLQ([DPSOH6XSSRVHWKDWWKHVHUYHUFRPSRQHQWLQWKLVH[DPSOHHQFDSVXODWHVDFRPSOH[VXEGHVLJQ6SHFLILFDOO\WKHVHUYHU FRPSRQHQW FRQVLVWV RI WKUHH LQWHUDFWLQJ FRPSRQHQWV ² D FRQQHFWLRQ PDQDJHU DVHFXULW\PDQDJHUDQG DGDWDEDVH)LJXUH GHSLFWVWKLV GHVLJQ H[WHQVLRQJUDSKLFDOO\ DQG([DPSOHSURYLGHVWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJ$UPDQLWH[WXDOVSHFLILFDWLRQ$GGLQJ D UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ WR WKH VHUYHU FRPSRQHQW DOORZV WKH DUFKLWHFW WR SURYLGH GHWDLOVDERXWWKHORZHUOHYHOGHVLJQRI WKHVHUYHUZLWKRXWFRPSURPLVLQJLWVKLJKHUOHYHODEVWUDFWLRQDV D VLQJOH GHVLJQ HOHPHQW :KHQ UHDVRQLQJ DW DQ DEVWUDFW OHYHO DERXW WKH GHVLJQ LW LVDSSURSULDWH WR KLGH WKH VHUYHU·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·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System simpleCS = {Component client = { … }Component server =Port receiveRequest;Representation serverDetails = {System serverDetailsSys = {Component connectionManager = {Ports { externalSocket; securityCheckIntf; dbQueryIntf } }Component securityManager =Ports { securityAuthorization; credentialQuery; } }Component database = {Ports { securityManagementIntf; queryIntf; } }Connector SQLQuery = { Roles { caller; callee } }Connector clearanceRequest = { Roles { requestor; grantor } }Connector securityQuery =Roles { securityManager; requestor } }};Attachments {connectionManager.securityCheckIntfto clearanceRequest.requestor;securityManager.securityAuthorizationto clearanceRequest.grantor;connectionManager.dbQueryIntf to SQLQuery.caller;database.queryIntf to SQLQuery.callee;securityManager.credentialQueryto securityQuery.securityManager;database.securityManagementIntfto securityQuery.requestor; }}Bindings { connectionManager.externalSocke to server.receiveRequest }}}Connector rpc = { … }Attachments { client.send-request to rpc.caller ;server.receive-reques to rpc.callee }([DPSOH ([WHQGLQJWKHFOLHQWVHUYHUH[DPSOHZLWKDGHWDLOHGUHSUHVHQWDWLRQIRUWKHVHUYHUFRPSRQHQW

System simpleCS = {Component client =Port sendRequest;Properties { requestRate : float = 17.0;sourceCode : externalFile = "CODE-LIB/client.c" }}Component server =Port receiveRequest;Properties { idempotent : boolean = true;maxConcurrentClients : integer = 1;multithreaded : boolean = false;sourceCode : externalFile = "CODE-LIB/server.c" }}Connector rpc =Role caller;Role callee;Properties { synchronous : boolean = true;maxRoles : integer = 2;protocol : WrightSpec = "..." }}}Attachments { client.sendRequest to rpc.caller ;server.receiveRequest to rpc.callee }([DPSOH6LPSOHFOLHQWVHUYHUV\VWHPZLWKSURSHUWLHV7KH GHFLVLRQ WR SURYLGH $UPDQL ZLWK D VLPSOH VHW RI SURSHUW\ SULPLWLYHV IURP ZKLFKFRPSOH[ SURSHUWLHV FDQ EH EXLOW UDWKHU WKDQ D IL[HG VHW RI SUHGHILQHG SURSHUWLHV LVIXQGDPHQWDOWR$UPDQL·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·V GLVFXVVLRQ RI DUFKLWHFWXUDO VW\OHV DQG WKH $UPDQL W\SHV\VWHP GHVFULEHV LQ GHWDLO KRZ VXFK D FROOHFWLRQ RI SURSHUWLHV FDQ EH GHILQHG XVHG DQGUHXVHG7RLOOXVWUDWHWKHXVHRI SURSHUWLHVLQGHVFULELQJVRIWZDUHDUFKLWHFWXUHV([DPSOHVKRZVDQH[WHQVLRQWRWKHVLPSOHFOLHQWVHUYHUV\VWHPJLYHQLQ([DPSOH7KLVH[DPSOHKDVEHHQDQQRWDWHGZLWKSURSHUWLHVWKDWGHVFULEHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI WKHFOLHQWVVHUYHUVDQGUSF·VWKDWIRUPWKHH[DPSOHV\VWHP·VVWUXFWXUH7KHVHSURSHUWLHVDUHDQQRWDWHGZLWKW\SHGHFODUDWLRQV)RUWKHSXUSRVHRIWKLVGLVFXVVLRQDSURSHUW\W\SHVLPSO\GHILQHVWKHVHWRI YDOLGYDOXHVWKDW

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Style naiveClientServerStyle = {// define the style's vocabulary, port and role interfaces firstPort Type naiveClientPortT = {...};Port Type naiveServerPortT = {...};Role Type clientSideRoleT = {...};Role Type serverSideRoleT = {...};// define the generic client vocabulary elementComponent Type naiveClientT = {Port sendRequest : naiveClientPortT;};// define the generic server vocabulary elementComponent Type naiveServerT = {Port receiveRequest : naiveServerPortT;Property multiThreaded : boolean >;Property max-concurrent-requests : int;};// define the generic binary client-server connectorConnector Type csConnT = {Role clientSide : clientSideRoleT;Role serverSide : serverSideRoleT;Property blocking : boolean >;Invariant size(self.roles) == 2; // all csConnT's are binary connectors};// limit the vocabulary types used in this style to naiveClientT's, naiveServerT's and csConnT connectors.invariant forall comp : component in self.components |(declaresType(comp, naiveClientT) AND satisfiesType(comp, naiveClientT))OR (declaresType(comp, naiveServerT) AND satisfiesType(comp, naiveServerT));invariant forall conn : connector in self.connectors |declaresType(conn, csConnT) AND satisfiesType(conn, csConnT);// specify topological attachment constraints:invariant forall c1 : component in self.components |forall c2 : component in self.components | connected(c1,c2) ->(declaresType(c1,naiveClientT) AND declaresType(c2,naiveServerT))OR (declaresType (c1,naiveServerT) AND declaresType(c2,naiveClientT));// make sure that all of the attachments are valid...invariant forall a : attachment in self.attachments |(declaresType(a.port, naiveClientPortT) -> declaresType(a.role, clientSideRoleT))AND (declaresType(a.port, naiveServerPortT) -> declaresType(a.role, serverSideRoleT));};)LJXUH1DwYHFOLHQWVHUYHUVW\OHVSHFLILFDWLRQH[DPSOHLOOXVWUDWHVVW\OHVWUXFWXUH

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$SSHQGL[$$UPDQL'HVLJQ/DQJXDJH%1)%1)0HWD6\QWD[Keywords are specified with bold text. Keywords are case-insensitiveNon-Terminals are specified with italics(…)[…]Parentheses group tokens and productionsIndicates an optional production(…)? Indicates a sequence of zero or one elements (synonymous with [])(…)+ Sequence of one or more elements(…)* Sequence of zero or more elements| Seperates alternative choices$UPDQL*UDPPDUArmaniDesign::= ( TypeDeclaration| FamilyDeclaration| DesignAnalysisDeclaration )*[ SystemDeclaration ]Design Element Types:FamilyDeclaration ::= Family Identifier [ "(" ")" ] "=" FamilyBody [ ";" ]FamilyBody ::= "{" ( TypeDeclaration )* "}"TypeDeclaration::= ElementTypeDeclaration | PropertyTypeDeclarationElementTypeDeclaration ::= ComponentTypeDeclaration| ConnectorTypeDeclaration| PortTypeDeclaration| RoleTypeDeclarationComponentTypeDeclaration ::= Component Type Identifier "="parse_ComponentDescription [ ";" ]|BOB MONROE 00-3-23

Component Type Identifier ExtendsIdentifier ( "," Identifier )*With parse_ComponentDescription [ ";" ]ConnectorTypeDeclaration ::= Connector Type Identifier "="parse_ConnectorDescription [ ";" ]|Connector Type Identifier ExtendsIdentifier ( "," Identifier )*With parse_ConnectorDescription [ ";" ]PortTypeDeclaration ::= Port Type Identifier "=" parse_PortDescription [ ";" ]| Port Type Identifier Extends Identifier ( "," Identifier )*With parse_PortDescription [ ";" ]RoleTypeDeclaration ::= Role Type Identifier "=" parse_RoleDescription [ ";" ]| Role Type Identifier Extends Identifier ( "," Identifier )*with parse_RoleDescription [ ";" ]lookup_ComponentTypeByNamelookup_ConnectorTypeByNamelookup_PortTypeByNamelookup_RoleTypeByNamelookup_PropertyTypeByName::= Identifier::= Identifier::= Identifier::= Identifier::= IdentifierDesign Elements:SystemDeclaration ::= System Identifier ( ":" Identifier )? "=" systemBody [ ";" ]SystemBody ::= ( New lookup_ComponentTypeByName |"{"( ComponentDeclaration | ComponentsBlock| ConnectorDeclaration | ConnectorsBlock| PortDeclaration | PortsBlock | RoleDeclaration| RolesBlock | PropertyDeclaration | PropertiesBlock| AttachmentsDeclaration | RepresentationDeclaration| DesignRule)*"}")[ Extended With SystemBody ]ComponentDeclaration ::= Component Identifier[ ":" lookup_ComponentTypeByName ]( "=" parse_ComponentDescription ";" | ";" )ComponentsBlock ::= Components "{"( Identifier[ ":" lookup_ComponentTypeByName ]© BOB MONROE PAGE 212 00-3-23

( "=" parse_ComponentDescription ";" | ";" ))*"}" [ ";" ]parse_ComponentDescription::= ( New lookup_ComponentTypeByName|"{" ( PortDeclaration | PortsBlock| PropertyDeclaration| PropertiesBlock| RepresentationDeclaration| DesignRule )*"}")[ Extended With parse_ComponentDescription ]ConnectorDeclaration::= Connector Identifier[ ":" lookup_ConnectorTypeByName ]( "=" parse_ConnectorDescription ";" | ";" )ConnectorsBlock ::= Connectors "{"( Identifier[ ":" lookup_ConnectorTypeByName ]( "=" parse_ConnectorDescription ";" | ";" ) )*"}" [ ";" ]parse_ConnectorDescription ::= ( New lookup_ConnectorTypeByName|"{" ( RoleDeclaration| RolesBlock| PropertyDeclaration| PropertiesBlock| RepresentationDeclaration| DesignRule )*"}")[ Extended With parse_ConnectorDescription ]PortDeclaration::= Port Identifier[ ":" lookup_PortTypeByName ]( "=" parse_PortDescription ";" | ";" )PortsBlock ::= Ports "{"( Identifier[ ":" lookup_PortTypeByName ]( "=" parse_PortDescription ";" | ";" ) )*"}" [ ";" ]parse_PortDescription::= ( New lookup_PortTypeByName|"{" ( PropertyDeclaration | PropertiesBlock| RepresentationDeclaration | DesignRule )*"}")[ Extended With parse_PortDescription ]© BOB MONROE PAGE 213 00-3-23

RoleDeclaration::= Role Identifier[ ":" lookup_RoleTypeByName ]( "=" parse_RoleDescription ";" | ";" )RolesBlock ::= Roles "{"( Identifier[ ":" lookup_RoleTypeByName ]( "=" parse_RoleDescription ";" | ";" ) )*"}" [ ";" ]parse_RoleDescription ::= ( New lookup_RoleTypeByName| "{" ( PropertyDeclaration | PropertiesBlock |RepresentationDeclaration | DesignRule )*"}" )[ Extended with parse_RoleDescription ]AttachmentsDeclaration ::= [ Identifier "=" ]Attachments "{"( Identifier "." Identifier to Identifier "." Identifier[ "{" ( PropertyDeclaration | PropertiesBlock )* "}" ]";" )*"}" ";"Properties:PropertyDeclaration ::= Property parse_PropertyDescription ";"PropertiesBlock ::= Properties "{"[ parse_PropertyDescription( ";" parse_PropertyDescription | ";" )*]"}" [ ";" ]parse_PropertyDescription ::= [ Property ] Identifier":" PropertyTypeDescription[ "=" PropertyValueDeclaration ][ ""|""]PropertyTypeDeclaration ::= Property Type Identifier( ";"|"=" ( Int ";" | Long ";" | Double ";" | Float ";"|String ";" | Boolean ";" | Any ";"|Enum [ "{" Identifier ( "," Identifier )* "}" ] ";"|Set [ "{" "}" ] ";"|Set "{" PropertyTypeDescription "}" ";"|Sequence [ "" ] ";"|Sequence "" ";"© BOB MONROE PAGE 214 00-3-23

))|Record "[" parse_RecordFieldDescription( ";" parse_RecordFieldDescription | ";" )* "]" ";"|Record [ "[" "]" ] ";"|Identifier ";"PropertyTypeDescription ::= Int | Long | Float | Double | String| Boolean | Any| Set [ "{" [ PropertyTypeDescription ] "}" ]| Sequence [ "" ]| Record "[" parse_RecordFieldDescription( ";" parse_RecordFieldDescription | ";" )* "]"| Record [ "[" "]" ]| Enum [ "{" Identifier ( "," Identifier )* "}" ]| Enum [ "{" "}" ]| Identifierparse_RecordFieldDescription ::= Identifier ( "," Identifier )*[ ":" PropertyTypeDescription ]PropertyValueDeclaration ::= Integer_Literal | Floating_Point_Literal |String_Literal | False | True | AcmeSetValue |AcmeSequenceValue | AcmeRecordValue | IdentifierAcmeSetValue ::= "{" "}"| "{" PropertyValueDeclaration( "," PropertyValueDeclaration )* "}"AcmeSequenceValue ::= ""|""AcmeRecordValue ::= "[" RecordFieldValue ( ";" RecordFieldValue | ";" )* "]"RecordFieldValue ::= Identifier ":" PropertyTypeDescription "="PropertyValueDeclarationRepresentations and Bindings:RepresentationDeclaration ::= Representation "{"SystemDeclaration[ BindingsMapDeclaration ]"}" [ ";" ]BindingsMapDeclaration ::= Bindings "=" "{" ( BindingDeclaration )* "}" [ ";" ]BindingDeclaration::= [ Identifier "." ] Identifier to[ Identifier "." ] Identifier[ "{" ( PropertyDeclaration | PropertiesBlock )* "}" ] ";"© BOB MONROE PAGE 215 00-3-23

Design Rules and Analyses:DesignRule ::= ( Design )? ( Invariant | Heuristic )DesignRuleExpression ";"DesignRuleExpression ::= QuantifiedExpression | BooleanExpressionQuantifiedExpression ::= ( forall | exists) Identifier ":"lookup_arbitraryTypeByName inSetExpression "|" DesignRuleExpressionBooleanExpression ::= OrExpression ( and OrExpression )*OrExpression ::= ImpliesExpression ( or ImpliesExpression )*ImpliesExpression ::= IffExpression ( "->" IffExpression )*IffExpression ::= EqualityExpression ( "" EqualityExpression )*EqualityExpressionRelationalExpressionAdditiveExpression::= RelationalExpression ( "==" RelationalExpression| "!=" RelationalExpression )*::= AdditiveExpression( "" AdditiveExpression| "" AdditiveExpression )*::= MultiplicativeExpression( "+" MultiplicativeExpression| "-" MultiplicativeExpression )*MultiplicativeExpression ::= UnaryExpression( "*" UnaryExpression| "/" UnaryExpression| "%" UnaryExpression )*UnaryExpression::= "!" UnaryExpression| "-" UnaryExpression| PrimitiveExpressionPrimitiveExpression ::= "(" DesignRuleExpression ")"| LiteralConstant | DesignAnalysisCall | IdId ::= Identifier ( "." Identifier )*DesignAnalysisCall ::= Id "(" ActualParams ")"LiteralConstant::= IntegerLiteral | FloatingPointLiteral | StringLiteral| true | falseActualParams ::= ( ActualParam ( "," ActualParam )* )?FormalParams ::= ( FormalParam ( "," FormalParam )* )?ActualParam::= LiteralConstant | DesignAnalysisCall | Id© BOB MONROE PAGE 216 00-3-23

FormalParam ::= Identifier ( "," Identifier )* ":"(Identifier | Component | Connector | Port | Role| Int | Float | String | Boolean )SetExpression::= ( SetReference | SetFunction | LiteralSet| SetConstructor )SetReference ::= Identifier ( ( "." Identifier ) | ( "." Components )| ( "." Connectors ) | ( "." Ports ) | ( "." Roles )| ( "." Representations ) | ( "." Properties ) )+SetFunction ::= ( Union | Intersection | Setdiff )"(" SetExpression "," SetExpression ")"LiteralSet ::= ( "{" "}" |"{" ( LiteralConstant | Id ) ( "," ( LiteralConstant | Id ) )* "}")SetConstructor::= "{" Select Identifier ":" lookup_arbitraryTypeByName inSetExpression "|" DesignRuleExpression "}"© BOB MONROE PAGE 217 00-3-23