6 CHAPTER 1Disposition <strong>of</strong> Animal ClonesThe disposition <strong>of</strong> animal clones may be <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terestto animal agriculture, stakeholders <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> food cha<strong>in</strong>,<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> US government because <strong>of</strong> issues <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>emergence <strong>of</strong> new policies by <strong>in</strong>ternational country governments.Thus, it is recommended that <strong>in</strong>stitutions<strong>and</strong> researchers participate <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Livestock IndustryClone Registry whereby animal clones are registered<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> database or registry. This Registry is part <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Supply Cha<strong>in</strong> Management program developed by<strong>the</strong> livestock clon<strong>in</strong>g companies <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States toidentify cattle <strong>and</strong> porc<strong>in</strong>e clones <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States.For more <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation about <strong>the</strong> registry, please seewww.livestockcloneregistry.com.Commercial Animal Clon<strong>in</strong>gIn contrast to research with agricultural animalclones, commercial livestock clon<strong>in</strong>g has been conducted<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States <strong>for</strong> food purposes s<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong> USFood <strong>and</strong> Drug Adm<strong>in</strong>istration’s 2008 conclusion thatclon<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> products <strong>of</strong> animal clones <strong>and</strong> progeny aresafe. In<strong>for</strong>mation with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir comprehensive scientificrisk assessment might be useful <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> future as agriculturalanimal clones are used <strong>in</strong> research (FDA, 2008).Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, all commercially produced animal clones<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States are registered <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> a<strong>for</strong>ementionedLivestock Industry Clone Registry.Regardless <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> animal technology, <strong>the</strong> IACUCshould monitor <strong>the</strong> care <strong>and</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> agriculturalanimals <strong>in</strong> research <strong>and</strong> teach<strong>in</strong>g activities <strong>and</strong> conductcareful review <strong>of</strong> protocols as noted earlier <strong>in</strong> Chapter1 with respect to scientific protocols, public safety <strong>and</strong>animal welfare. Aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> review should <strong>in</strong>cludeadequacy <strong>of</strong> methods to <strong>in</strong>dividually identify researchanimals <strong>and</strong> assure that <strong>the</strong> disposition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> researchanimals meets any federal, state <strong>and</strong> local governmentlaws <strong>and</strong> regulations. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>in</strong>stitutions are requiredto meet federal, state <strong>and</strong> local laws <strong>and</strong> regulationsregard<strong>in</strong>g biosafety, biosecurity, <strong>and</strong> environmentalissues <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> conduct <strong>of</strong> research with animalsderived from new technologies (see Chapter 3: Husb<strong>and</strong>ry,Hous<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>and</strong> Biosecurity). International guidel<strong>in</strong>es<strong>for</strong> GE animals ei<strong>the</strong>r have not been <strong>in</strong>itiated or are<strong>in</strong> various stages <strong>of</strong> development. Recently, <strong>the</strong> CodexAlimentarius (2008) adopted a new guidel<strong>in</strong>e <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong>conduct <strong>of</strong> food safety risk assessment <strong>for</strong> GE animalswhich might be helpful <strong>for</strong> <strong>in</strong>stitutions <strong>and</strong> researchers.As research with GE animals, animal clones, or animalsderived us<strong>in</strong>g o<strong>the</strong>r technologies advances, <strong>in</strong>stitutions<strong>and</strong> researchers should keep abreast <strong>of</strong> new guidel<strong>in</strong>esor policies be<strong>in</strong>g developed both domestically <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>ternationally.REFERENCESAcha, P. N., <strong>and</strong> B. Szyfres. 2001. Zoonoses <strong>and</strong> communicable diseasescommon to man <strong>and</strong> animals. 3rd ed. Vol. I: Bacteriosis<strong>and</strong> Mycoses. Pan American Health Organization, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton,DC.Acha, P. N., <strong>and</strong> B. Szyfres. 2003. Zoonoses <strong>and</strong> communicable diseasescommon to man <strong>and</strong> animals. 3rd ed. Vol. II: Chlamydioses,Rickettsioses <strong>and</strong> Viroses; Vol. III: Parasitoses. Pan AmericanHealth Organization, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC.ARENA <strong>and</strong> OLAW. 2002. Institutional Animal <strong>Care</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Use</strong> Committee<strong>Guide</strong>book. Department <strong>of</strong> Health <strong>and</strong> Human Services,Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC. (Copies available from OLAW).AVMA. 2007. Veter<strong>in</strong>ary technician <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation available onl<strong>in</strong>e.Page iii <strong>in</strong> 2007 AVMA Membership Directory <strong>and</strong> ResourceManual. AVMA, Schaumburg, IL.Biotechnology Industry Organization. 2009. BIO Guidance <strong>for</strong> GeneticallyEng<strong>in</strong>eered Animal Stewardship.CDC <strong>and</strong> NIH. 2000. Primary Conta<strong>in</strong>ment <strong>for</strong> Biohazards: Selection,Installation, <strong>and</strong> <strong>Use</strong> <strong>of</strong> Biological Safety Cab<strong>in</strong>ets. 2nded. US Govt. Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g Office, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC.CDC <strong>and</strong> NIH. 2007. Biosafety <strong>in</strong> Microbiological <strong>and</strong> BiomedicalLaboratories. 5th ed. Department <strong>of</strong> Health <strong>and</strong> Human Services,US Govt. Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g Office, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC.CFR. 1992. Title 9 (<strong>Animals</strong> <strong>and</strong> Animal Products), Subchapter A(Animal Welfare), Parts 1–4 (9 CFR 1–4).CFR. 1995. Occupational noise exposure. 29 CFR, Sec. 1910.95. OfficeFed. Reg. Natl. Archiv. Records Adm<strong>in</strong>., Natl. Archiv. US,Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC.CFR. 2005. Possession, use, <strong>and</strong> transfer <strong>of</strong> biological agents <strong>and</strong>tox<strong>in</strong>s. 7 CFR, Part 331 <strong>and</strong> 9 CFR, Part 121.Clark, J. M. 1993. Plann<strong>in</strong>g <strong>for</strong> safety: Biological <strong>and</strong> chemical hazards.Lab. Anim. 22:33–38.Codex Alimentarius. 2008. <strong>Guide</strong>l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Conduct <strong>of</strong> Food SafetyAssessment <strong>of</strong> Foods Derived from rDNA <strong>Animals</strong>. http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/st<strong>and</strong>ards/11023/CXG_068e.pdfCouncil <strong>for</strong> <strong>Agricultural</strong> Science <strong>and</strong> Technology (CAST). 2003.Animal Agriculture’s Future through Biotechnology, Part 1,Biotechnology <strong>in</strong> Animal Agriculture: An Overview. IssuePaper 23. CAST, Ames, Iowa. http://www.cast-science.org/websiteUploads/publicationPDFs/animalbiotech.pdfCouncil <strong>for</strong> <strong>Agricultural</strong> Science <strong>and</strong> Technology (CAST). 2007.The Role <strong>of</strong> Transgenic Livestock <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Treatment <strong>of</strong> HumanDisease. Issue Paper 35. CAST, Ames, Iowa. http://www.cast-science.org/websiteUploads/publicationPDFs/Medications_Issue_Paper_35_f<strong>in</strong>al_pdf142.pdfCouncil <strong>for</strong> <strong>Agricultural</strong> Science <strong>and</strong> Technology (CAST). 2009. AnimalProductivity <strong>and</strong> Genetic Diversity: Cloned <strong>and</strong> Transgenic<strong>Animals</strong>. Issue Paper 43. CAST, Ames, Iowa. http://www.cast-science.org/websiteUploads/publicationPDFs/CAST%20Animal%20Productivity165.pdfFDA. 2008. Animal Clon<strong>in</strong>g – A Risk Assessment. http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeter<strong>in</strong>ary/SafetyHealth/AnimalClon<strong>in</strong>g/ucm055489.htmFDA. 2009. Guidance <strong>for</strong> Industry 187 Regulation <strong>of</strong> GeneticallyEng<strong>in</strong>eered <strong>Animals</strong> Conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Heritable Recomb<strong>in</strong>ant DNAProducts.Granstrom, D. E. 2003. <strong>Agricultural</strong> (nonbiomedical) animal researchoutside <strong>the</strong> laboratory: A review <strong>of</strong> guidel<strong>in</strong>es <strong>for</strong> <strong>in</strong>stitutionalanimal care <strong>and</strong> use committees. ILAR J. 44:206–210.Kirkhorn, S. R., <strong>and</strong> V. F. Garry. 2000. <strong>Agricultural</strong> lung diseases.Environ. Health Perspect. 108(Suppl. 4):705–712.Kreger, M. D. 1995. Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g materials <strong>for</strong> animal facility personnel.AWIC Quick Bibliography Series, 95–08. Natl. Agric. Library,Beltsville, MD.Mann, M. D., <strong>and</strong> E. D. Prentice. 2004. Should IACUC review scientificmerit <strong>of</strong> animal research projects? Lab. Anim. 33:1.
INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES7NIH. 2002. NIH <strong>Guide</strong>l<strong>in</strong>es <strong>for</strong> <strong>Research</strong> Involv<strong>in</strong>g Recomb<strong>in</strong>antDNA Molecules. National Institutes <strong>of</strong> Health, Be<strong>the</strong>sda, MD.http://oba.od.nih.gov/oba/rac/guidel<strong>in</strong>es_02/NIH_<strong>Guide</strong>l<strong>in</strong>es_Apr_02.htm.NRC. 2002. Animal biotechnology: Science-based concerns. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309084393&page=R1. NationalAcademies Press, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC.NRC. 1991. Education <strong>and</strong> Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Care</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Use</strong> <strong>of</strong> Laboratory<strong>Animals</strong>: A <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>for</strong> Develop<strong>in</strong>g Institutional Programs.Natl. Acad. Press, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC.NRC. 1997. Occupational Health <strong>and</strong> Safety <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Care</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Use</strong> <strong>of</strong><strong>Research</strong> <strong>Animals</strong>: A <strong>Guide</strong> <strong>for</strong> Develop<strong>in</strong>g Institutional Programs.A Report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Institute <strong>of</strong> Laboratory Animal ResourcesCommittee on Occupational Safety <strong>and</strong> Health <strong>in</strong> <strong>Research</strong>Animal Facilities. Natl. Acad. Press, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC.PHS. 2002. Public Health Service Policy on Humane <strong>Care</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Use</strong><strong>of</strong> Laboratory <strong>Animals</strong>. Department <strong>of</strong> Health <strong>and</strong> Human Services,Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC.Prentice, E. D., D. A. Crouse, <strong>and</strong> M. D. Mann. 1992. Scientificmerit review: The role <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> IACUC. Ilar News 34:15–19.Silverman, M. A., J. Suckow, <strong>and</strong> S. Murphy, ed. 2006. The IACUCH<strong>and</strong>book. 2nd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Strickl<strong>in</strong>, W. R., <strong>and</strong> J. A. Mench. 1994. Oversight <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong>agricultural animals <strong>in</strong> university teach<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> research. IlarNews 36:9–14.Underwood, W. J. 2005. Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>for</strong> best practices <strong>for</strong> agriculturalprogram. Lab. Anim. 34:8.Wheeler, M. B. 2007. <strong>Agricultural</strong> applications <strong>for</strong> transgenic livestock.Trends Biotechnol. 25:204.
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56 CHAPTER 5The condition of the an
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