End-of-life decisions, ethics and the law:
End-of-life decisions, ethics and the law:
End-of-life decisions, ethics and the law:
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2. Withholding <strong>and</strong> withdrawal <strong>of</strong>potentially <strong>life</strong>-sustaining treatment (1)• Terminology– Withholding, withdrawal – “Passive euthanasia”– Substitute/proxy/surrogate decision-maker– Unilateral refusal to treat• Ethics– Moral right to die a natural death <strong>of</strong> individuals in aterminal phase <strong>of</strong> dying– Futile treatment inappropriate(A) Competent persons• Autonomy, well-being, <strong>life</strong>, dignity• Autonomy – Individualism <strong>and</strong> community• Not merely biological <strong>life</strong>(B) Incompetent persons without advance directives• Clinically dead; PVS; rudimentary/no consciousness (Case Study 1)14
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