Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction

CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINTCHIEFS OF STAFFINSTRUCTIONJ-3 CJCSI 3610.01ADISTRIBUTION: A, B, C, J, S 1 June 2001AIRCRAFT PIRACY (HIJACKING) AND DESTRUCTION OF DERELICTAIRBORNE OBJECTSReferences: See Enclosure D.1. Purpose. This instruction provides guidance to the Deputy Directorfor Operations (DDO), National Military Command Center (NMCC), andoperational commanders in the event of an aircraft piracy (hijacking) orrequest for destruction of derelict airborne objects.2. Cancellation. CJCSI 3610.01, 31 July 1997.3. Applicability. This instruction applies to the Joint Staff, Services,unified commands, and the US Element, North American AerospaceDefense Command (USELEMNORAD).4. Policy.a. Aircraft Piracy (Hijacking) of Civil and Military Aircraft. Pursuantto references a and b, the Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration(FAA), has exclusive responsibility to direct law enforcement activityrelated to actual or attempted aircraft piracy (hijacking) in the “specialaircraft jurisdiction” of the United States. When requested by theAdministrator, Department of Defense will provide assistance to theselaw enforcement efforts. Pursuant to reference c, the NMCC is the focalpoint within Department of Defense for providing assistance. In theevent of a hijacking, the NMCC will be notified by the most expeditiousmeans by the FAA. The NMCC will, with the exception of immediateresponses as authorized by reference d, forward requests for DODassistance to the Secretary of Defense for approval. DOD assistance tothe FAA will be provided in accordance with reference d. Additionalguidance is provided in Enclosure A.

CJCSI 3610.01A1 June 2001(hijacking) and destruction of derelict airborne object situations will bemaintained for a minimum of 90 days to permit later reconstruction ofthe sequence of events. Records and logs requiring longer retention byother directives will be retained accordingly.7. Summary of Changesa. Unmanned vehicles (UAV, ROV) added to the description ofpossible derelict airborne objects.b. Statutory Authority for Responding to Aircraft Piracy enclosureremoved and added to reference list.c. In various places throughout the document, “USELEMNORAD” wasreplaced with “NORAD.”d. FAA Order 7610.4J, 3 November 1998, “Special MilitaryOperations,” was added as a reference.8. Releasability. This instruction is approved for public release;distribution is unlimited. DOD components (to include the combatantcommands), other Federal agencies, and the public may obtain copies ofthis instruction through the Internet from the CJCS Directives HomePage--http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine. Copies are also available throughthe Government Printing Office on the Joint Electronic Library CD-ROM.9. Effective Date. This instruction is effective upon receipt.S. A. FRYVice Admiral, U.S. NavyDirector, Joint StaffEnclosures:A--Instructions for Use in Piracy (Hijacking) of Civil Aircraft and MilitaryAircraftB--Instructions for Aircraft Piracy (Hijacking) Preventive Measures forMilitary and Military Contract AircraftC--Instructions for Destruction of Derelict Airborne ObjectsD--References3

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CJCSI 3610.01A1 June 2001DISTRIBUTIONDistribution A, B, C, and J plus the following:CopiesSecretary of State ............................................................................. 2Secretary of Defense........................................................................ 10Director of Central Intelligence ........................................................ 20Department of Transportation .......................................................... 5Federal Aviation Administration ..................................................... 10Federal Bureau of Investigation ....................................................... 5National Military Command Center .................................................. 5Secretary, Joint Staff......................................................................... 7CINC North American Aerospace Defense ........................................ 25i

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CJCSI 3610.01A1 June 2001ENCLOSURE AINSTRUCTIONS FOR USE IN PIRACY (HIJACKING) OF CIVIL AIRCRAFTAND MILITARY AIRCRAFT1. Purpose. These instructions constitute actions to be taken by theDDO, NMCC, unified commanders, and the Commander, NORAD, in theevent of a civil and military aircraft piracy (hijacking) incident.2. Coordination with Civil Authoritiesa. When an aircraft becomes the subject of an aircraft piracy offensewithin the US special aircraft jurisdiction, the FAA and the DepartmentDefense will provide support in accordance with paragraph 3 of thisenclosure. In addition, for military aircraft and military contract aircraft,the Department of Defense will take action to prevent the hijackingattempt and promptly notify the FAA and appropriate federal agencies.The Department of Defense will provide the FAA with all pertinentinformation involving onboard documents, equipment, weapons of massdestruction (WMD), or material that the Department of Defense hasdetermined to be highly sensitive.b. When the aircraft piracy (hijacking) situation is outside of thespecial aircraft jurisdiction, the Department of Defense will takeappropriate action, consistent with Federal law and applicablestatus of forces and other international agreements.c. The DDO, NMCC, and FAA will maintain coordination during theaircraft piracy situation.3. Proceduresa. General. Military personnel will provide the following types ofsupport: intercept, surveillance, lift, equipment, and communications.Military personnel may not participate in a search, seizure, arrest, orother similar activity. This restriction would include the apprehensionof aircraft hijackers or use of military aircraft (fixed-wing or helicopter)or other vehicles as platforms for gunfire or the use of other weaponsagainst suspected hijackers. In addition, assistance may not beprovided under this enclosure if it could adversely affect nationalsecurity or military preparedness.A-1Enclosure A

CJCSI 3610.01A1 June 2001b. Support. When notified that military assistance is needed inconjunction with an aircraft piracy (hijacking) emergency, the DDO,NMCC, will:(1) Determine whether or not the assistance needed is reasonablyavailable from police or commercial sources. If not, the DDO, NMCC, willnotify the appropriate unified command or NORAD to determine if suitableassets are available and will forward the request to the Secretary ofDefense for approval in accordance with DODD 3025.15, paragraph D.7(reference d).(2) If suitable assets from a unified command or NORAD are notreasonably available, the DDO, NMCC, will coordinate with the appropriateMilitary Service operations center to provide military assistance.c. Military Escort Aircraft(1) When notified that military escort aircraft are needed inconjunction with an aircraft piracy (hijacking) emergency, the DDO,NMCC, will notify the appropriate unified command or USELEMNORAD todetermine if suitable aircraft are available and forward the request to theSecretary of Defense for approval in accordance with DODD 3025.15,paragraph D.7 (reference d).(2) Pursuant to reference j, the escort service will be requested bythe FAA hijack coordinator by direct contact with the NMCC. Normally,NORAD escort aircraft will take the required action. However, for thepurpose of these procedures, the term “escort aircraft” applies to anymilitary aircraft assigned to the escort mission. When the military canprovide escort aircraft, the NMCC will advise the FAA hijack coordinator ofthe identification and location of the squadron tasked to provide escortaircraft. NMCC will then authorize direct coordination between FAA andthe designated military unit. When a NORAD resource is tasked, FAA willcoordinate through the appropriate Air Defense Sector/Regional AirOperations Center.(3) If the hijacked aircraft destination is Cuba, flight-followingaircraft will maintain surveillance in case an emergency occurs overinternational waters and will notify USSOUTHCOM or NORADimmediately of any action taken. USSOUTHCOM or the Commander,USELEMNORAD, may terminate any escort activities south of 24Nwhenever appropriate to avoid Cuban airspace. For all foreign countries,including Cuba, flight-following aircraft should break away beforeentering the US-recognized territorial airspace of another country (or theland border if the other country is contiguous to the United States) andA-2Enclosure A

CJCSI 3610.01A1 June 2001await overflight clearance as necessary. See reference h for furtherinformation on US-recognized territorial airspace.A-3Enclosure A

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CJCSI 3610.01A1 June 2001ENCLOSURE BINSTRUCTIONS FOR AIRCRAFT PIRACY (HIJACKING) PREVENTIVEMEASURES FOR MILITARY AND MILITARY CONTRACT AIRCRAFT1. Purpose. These instructions provide the Services, unified commands,and USELEMNORAD with the basic procedural guidance for preventingand resisting attempts to hijack military and military contract aircraft.This includes all civil aircraft while wholly and exclusively supporting theServices under contract, charter, or other arrangements.2. Policy. DOD policy (references e, f, and g) outlines general proceduresand authority of military commanders to protect and secure propertyunder their command and deal with terrorism and provides informationfor reducing the vulnerability of DOD personnel, their family members,facilities, and materiel to acts of terrorism.3. Preventive Measuresa. The Services, unified commands, and USELEMNORAD will takemeasures designed to prevent unauthorized possession of weapons,explosives, or incendiary devices aboard aircraft.b. Through the use of training, briefings, and other means, alltravelers will be reminded that:(1) Carrying weapons, explosives, or incendiary devices aboardmilitary or military contract aircraft is prohibited, except when authorizedby proper authority.(2) Passengers and baggage are subject to inspection as a conditionof travel.c. A passenger screening process will be established to ensure positiveidentification of travelers and authenticity of travel documents. Personnelengaged in passenger processing and surveillance activities will beinstructed to watch for and report any discrepancies, particularly thepossible unauthorized possession of weapons, explosives, or incendiarydevices.d. Passengers and baggage accessible in flight will be inspected. Allbaggage will be screened as thoroughly as available resources permit(X-ray, explosive detector dogs, etc.) and will be accompanied by aboarding passenger. When inspection indicates cause for suspicion, aB-1Enclosure B

CJCSI 3610.01A1 June 2001complete examination of the suspected person and accompanyingbaggage is mandatory.e. Screening procedures will take into account the travel status ofpassengers. Neuropsychiatric patients, military prisoners, andemotionally disturbed personnel require special vigilance.f. The Services, unified commands, and USELEMNORAD will intensifysecurity programs to prevent unauthorized access to aircraft by hijackerswho bypass the passenger processing system. Military agenciesadministering airlift contracts with civil air carriers operating at civilairfields will consult with appropriate authorities to ensure mutuallyacceptable procedures for controlling access to the contract aircraft.4. Resisting Aircraft Piracya. The Services, unified commands, and USELEMNORAD will establishprocedures to report any suspected or actual acts of aircraft piracyimmediately to the NMCC.b. When an act of air piracy involves a military installation, militaryaircraft, or military contract aircraft, the response should be according tothe following guidelines until the FAA assumes active direction of effortsto regain control of the hijacked aircraft:(1) Any attempt to hijack a military aircraft will be resisted.Resistance may range from simple discussion through deception andsubterfuge to direct physical confrontation, including the prudent use ofweapons or deadly force.(2) If practicable, aircraft movement will be delayed to allow timefor ground personnel and the aircrew to establish communication andexecute coordinated resistance actions. Aircrews faced with an aircraftpiracy (hijacking) threat will notify ground agencies by any meansavailable as soon as practicable and will follow up with situation reports,when possible.(3) The Chiefs of the Services and CINCs will identify in theirplanning documents the levels of command authorized to discontinuedelaying actions (e.g., installation commander, senior officer on scene).Within this authorization, the commander at the highest available levelwill determine whether delaying actions should be discontinued.B-2Enclosure B

CJCSI 3610.01A1 June 2001(4) Ground personnel will positively prevent takeoff when nuclearweapons are aboard the aircraft. The presence of hostages will not detertaking prompt, effective action, including the use of deadly force, toprevent unauthorized access or removal or to recover a WMD.c. The many variables of an aircraft piracy (hijacking) attempt precludeproviding a specific counter hijacking procedure to be followed by aircrew.However, within the basic policy of resistance, the individual Services willidentify and issue guidance to aircrews consistent with reference h.(1) Factors to be considered include the nature of the threat,imminent danger to the aircraft in flight, destination indicated by thehijacker(s), and the presence of sensitive material aboard the aircraft.are:(2) Some counter hijacking techniques the aircrew should consideraction.(a) Convincing the hijacker(s) to discontinue the course of(b) Proposing more favorable alternatives, such as landing in aneutral rather than an unfriendly country.(c) Exploiting any reasonable opportunity to physicallyincapacitate or overcome the hijackers including the prudent use offirearms. Aircrews are authorized to make such an attempt if theyconsider that escape is their only hope. The aircrew must weigh carefullythe unique circumstances of the terrorist situation and all aspects of adecision to attempt escape. See reference i.B-3Enclosure B

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CJCSI 3610.01A1 June 2001ENCLOSURE CINSTRUCTIONS FOR DESTRUCTION OF DERELICT AIRBORNE OBJECTS1. Purpose. These instructions constitute actions to be taken by theDDO, NMCC, unified commanders, and the Commander,USELEMNORAD, for destruction of derelict airborne objects.2. Policy. This instruction provides guidance for the destruction ofderelict objects (e.g., unmanned free balloons, moored balloons, kites,unmanned non-nuclear rockets or missiles, UAV or ROV) over UnitedStates or international airspace.a. For unmanned derelict airborne objects that become a hazard todomestic air navigation or a threat to domestic ground facilities or publicsafety, military personnel may be required to perform surveillanceand/or destroy the unmanned derelict airborne object.b. Destruction of derelict airborne objects over foreign airspacerequires a request or permission by the foreign government and approvalby the Secretary of Defense. The DDO, NMCC, will be notified by themost expeditious means when control of an object is lost, if an objectbecomes a hazard to air navigation, or if the FAA (or another agency)desires the military to destroy the hazard. The notifications will be madeby the FAA, NORAD, or the agency that has employed the object.3. Proceduresa. When notified of a derelict airborne object, the DDO, NMCC, willdirect a derelict object conference and poll NORAD or the FAA forposition, altitude, time, and fuel exhaustion, if available and applicable.b. The DDO, NMCC, will determine the appropriate unified command(or NORAD) capable of effecting destruction in the event destruction issubsequently required.c. If destruction is required, the DDO, NMCC will, forward allrequests or proposals for DOD military assistance to the DOD ExecutiveSecretary and appropriate OSD staff offices, and then to the Secretary ofDefense for approval in accordance with DODD 3025.15, paragraph D.7(reference d).C-1Enclosure C

CJCSI 3610.01A1 June 2001d. The DDO, NMCC, will notify the appropriate CINC or Service ofexecution instructions. After destruction, the appropriate CINC orService will record time of destruction, method used, and an estimatedpoint of destruction.C-2Enclosure C

CJCSI 3610.01A1 June 2001a. 49 USC 46501, “Definitions”ENCLOSURE DREFERENCESb. 49 USC 44903(e) “Exclusive Responsibility Over Passenger Safety”c. MOU between the Department of Transportation and Department ofDefense, 7 August 1978, “Aircraft Piracy”d. DOD Directive 3025.15, 18 February 1997, “Military Assistance toCivil Authorities”e. DOD Directive 5200.8, 25 April 1991, “Security of DOD Installationsand Resources”f. DOD Directive 2000.12, 15 September 1996, “DOD CombatingTerrorism Program”g. DOD Directive 0-2000.12-H, 19 February 1993, with change 1, dated21 May 1993 and change 2, dated 3 October 1997, “Protection of DODPersonnel and Activities Against Acts of Terrorism and PoliticalTurbulence”h. DOD Directive 2005.1M, January 1997, “Maritime Claims ReferenceManual”i. DOD Directive 1300.7, 8 December 2000, “Training and EducationMeasures Necessary to Support the Code of Conduct”j. FAA Order 7610.4J, 3 November 1998, “Special Military Operations”D- 1Enclosure D

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CJCSI 3610.01A1 June 2001GLOSSARYPART I--ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSDDODODDFAANMCCNORADROVUAVUSELEMNORDUSCWMDDeputy Director for OperationsDepartment of Defense directiveFederal Aviation AdministrationNational Military Command CenterNorth American Aerospace Defense Commandremotely operated vehiclesunmanned aerial vehiclesUS Element, North American Aerospace DefenseCommandUS CodeWeapons of Mass DestructionPART II--DEFINITIONSDOD installation. A fixed area controlled by the Department of Defense,including the military air operations area of a joint installation.DOD aircraft. Any aircraft operated by, for, or under the control of theDepartment of Defense.moored balloon. A balloon moored to the surface of the earth, or anyobject that has a diameter of 6 feet or gas capacity of more than 115cubic feet.moored kite. A kite weighing more than 5 pounds flown at the end ofa rope or cable (e.g., "gyroglider").United States. The 50 states, District of Columbia, Commonwealth ofPuerto Rico, possessions and territories, including the territorial watersand overlying airspace.unmanned free balloon. A balloon carrying a payload of more than 4pounds, or two or more packages weighing more than 12 pounds, andGL-1

CJCSI 3610.01A1 June 2001equipped with a suspension device (e.g., rope) that requires an impactforce of more than 50 pounds to separate payload from balloon.unmanned rocket. Any rocket, except aerial firework displays and modelrockets, using not more than 4 ounces of a slow burning-propellantmade of paper, wood, or breakable plastic containing no substantialparts weighing more than 16 ounces, including the propellant.NOTE: These terms have not been approved for inclusion in Joint Pub1-02, "Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and AssociatedTerms," and apply only within the scope or context of this document.GL-2