Moisture Analysers - Thermo Fisher

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Sartorius WDS 400: Selective detection of surface water,capillary water and water of crystallizationWater, not moistureThermogravimetric methods, such as theoven drying method, use the weight loss of asample to determine the total content of allvolatile components and not, however, thepure water content. As a rule, the latter taskis performed using electrochemical techniquesthat are based on the principle ofcoulometry (coulomb = electric charge). Themost commonly known methods are coulometricKarl Fisher titration for solid and liquidsamples and the phosphorus pentoxidemethod for trace analysis of gases. However,both methods require complicated equipment;moreover, KF titration necessitates theuse of additional chemicals in order to performan analysis. The WDS 400 Water DetectionSystem from Sartorius combines thesethree standard methods into a high-resolutionand easy procedure for selective detectionof water in solids and pastes.Get all three in oneThe WDS 400 adopts the principle of convectionheating from the oven drying methodin order to drive out the entire moisture froma sample. A ceramic disc coated withextremely hygroscopic phosphorus pentoxideP 2 O 5 completely absorbs the water from theresulting gas mixture and bonds water moleculesto phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 on the discsurface in a chemical reaction. By coulometry,i.e., by an electric current generated at theceramic disc, phosphoric acid is broken downinto phosphorus pentoxide P 2 O 5 , hydrogen Hand oxygen O. Based on Faraday’s law, it isknown how much current is necessary inorder to split off all hydrogen atoms from achemical compound. Thus, the WDS 400 usesthe amount of electric current to calculatethe quantity of water driven out of a sample.Highly accurate and selectiveThis combination method works so accuratelythat it is even possible to detect one singlemicrogram of water. Beyond that, theWDS 400 enables water fractions to bedifferentiated according to surface water,capillary water and water of crystallization(the latter is chemically bound water).Easy operationAll the user has to do is just weigh-in asample. The WDS 400 does not require anycomplicated handling of detection reagents,many of which are toxic.For measurement of the water content, theuser can choose the type of carrier gas, eithernitrogen (Class 5.0) or room air. For usingroom air, the WDS 400 has a built-in pumpand a drying unit.Dry nitrogen Oven up to 400°C Nitrogen + H 2 O P 2 O 5 + H 2 O cell Dry nitrogenwith H 2 + O 2r r r▲Electronics▲rl▲▼rrBalancePCPrinter
Sartorius LMA300P:Moisture analysis within a split secondThe LMA300P works with microwaveresonance technology. In this indirect measurementmethod, a harmonic electromagneticresonator field is built up by a microwavegenerator in a sensor (applicator). When theapplicator is filled with a sample, the waterin the sample interferes with the oscillationbehavior (resonance) of the microwave, orinteracts with the resonance field, changingthe height and width of the resonancefrequency peak.CalibrationThis change in resonance field is detectedby a sensor, and the analyzer CPU calculatesthe moisture content of the sample basedon the calibration previously carried out. Thebasic analyzer calibration required can bedone by the classic oven drying method or, ofcourse, using an infrared moisture analyzerfrom the Sartorius MA series.Fast measurementThe microwave resonance method offers theadvantage of particularly fast measurementin under one second. At the same time, it isnon-destructive, which means that samplescan be further used for subsequent tests.Changes in the color and surface structureof the sample, as is frequently the case, forinstance, in natural raw materials, does nothave any effect on calibration or thus onthe measured result, unlike near infraredspectroscopy. The microwave resonancemethod is not limited to measurement of thesurface moisture; rather, it also determinesthe core moisture thanks to its operatingprinciple.Application areasThe LMA300P can be used for nearly allpourable and granulated products as well asviscous liquids, such as whitewash and othersimilar materials. The measuring range isbetween approx. 0.1–85% moisture. Theprerequisite for operating the analyzer isto calibrate measurements on the basis ofa measurement procedure providing absoluteaccuracy. The major application area forthe LMA300P is incoming and in-processquality control.DesignThe LMA300P is a modular-designedsystem consisting of a control and evaluationunit, LMA300PA, and a resonator module,LMA300PR. This type of modular designallows a different resonator type to beused (available on request), and enables theanalyzer to be easily adapted to customerspecificapplications.Integrated PCMicrowavegeneratorResonatorSample0.2Sensor0.15Resonance frequencyS 21Empty applicator in resonator0.1Bandwidth0.05Filled applicator in resonator02.32.35 2.4 2.45 2.5f/GHz
Page 1: 0.20.15Resonance frequencyS 210.1Em
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Moisture Analysers - Thermo Fisher

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