BURIED ALIVE

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overviewSyria is at a critical crossroads, faced with a timely opportunity to maintain stability andsecurity in the country by realizing the nationality and its concomitant rights of all residents.In particular, an estimated 300,000 stateless Kurds live within the country’s borders, but arein a unique situation in relation to the larger Kurdish population due to a 1962 census that ledto their denationalization.“Promises are madeby the authorities,but in practicallife there areno changes.”The lack of nationality and identity documents means that stateless Kurds, for all practicalpurposes, are rendered non-existent. Their basic rights to education, employment, propertyownership, political participation, and legal marriage are severely limited, relegating them tothe outermost margins of Syrian civil society. “It is like being buried alive,” said one man.In an attempt to mitigate the desperation of their plight, some Kurds have begun to mobilizethemselves to advocate for their recognition. Others take tremendous risks to leave Syriaillegally and seek opportunities abroad. However, those caught may be deported back, imprisoned,and subjected to harsh treatment. Individuals who actively tried to change the situationfor stateless Kurds have also been detained and tortured.In his speech on November 10, 2005, President Bashar Al-Assad of the Syrian Arab Republicsaid that he wants to resolve issues of nationality in the Hassakeh region. “We will solve thisissue soon in an expression of the importance of national unity in Syria.” But over the years,many government promises about resolving the plight of stateless Kurds have been made andbroken. “Promises are made by the authorities, but in practical life there are no changes,” onestateless man told Refugees International.While the Syrian government deserves credit for decades of assistance to hundreds of thousandsof Palestinians, and now to the growing number of Iraqi refugees present on theirterritory due to the ongoing crisis in Iraq, it must recognize in a concrete way the rights ofhundreds of thousands of individual Kurds within its own borders who have been arbitrarilydenied the right to Syrian nationality. The Syrian government needs to repeal all draconianrestrictions on the free expression of Kurdish cultural identity and grant citizenship toindividuals who lack it.President Al-Assad needs to make good on his promises now. For only when the statelessKurds in Syria have been fully nationalized and the broader issue of the Kurdish place inSyrian political, social, and economic life has been addressed can peace and security withinSyria be realized.Refugees International recommends that:The Government of Syria• Take immediate and concrete steps to fulfill the promise to grant citizenship to all individualslacking effective nationality in accordance with Article 3 of the Syrian Nationality Act andinternational law.• Repeal all laws and decrees which deny Kurdish people in Syria the right to enjoy their ownculture and language.• Begin a program of reparations and development for Kurds who lost property and status in1962 that is at the same time sensitive to the rights of Arab occupants.i<strong>BURIED</strong> <strong>ALIVE</strong>: STATELESS KURDS IN SYRIA
• Ensure every child born in Syria has the right to acquire a nationality and is not stateless.• Enact legislation to permit passage of nationality from mother to child.• Become party to the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and the1961 Convention on the Prevention of Statelessness.The UN High Commissioner for Refugees• Broaden its focus and operations to include stateless persons in addition to refugees asmandated.• Work with the Syrian government to end statelessness in the country, including affectedKurds.• Provide relief consistent with its agency mandate to address stateless people.• Identify a staff team to work actively on ending statelessness in Syria.• Open UNHCR branch offices in regions of the country where statelessness is most severe.The United States & Concerned Governments• Establish a clear policy on Kurds in Syria, urging the Syrian government to resolve thestatelessness issue.• Refuse to become party to agreements with Syria until the fundamental rights of Kurds areupheld, particularly the EU’s formation of the Mediterranean Partnership with Syria.• Include more details on conditions faced by stateless persons in annual human rightsreports.• Support the development of civil organizations, including ones to achieve greater communicationand understanding between Syrian Arabs and Kurds.Only when thestateless Kurdsin Syria have beenfully nationalizedand the broaderissue of theKurdish place inSyrian political,social, andeconomic life hasbeen addressedcan peace andsecurity withinSyria be realized.www.refugeesinternational.orgii
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BURIED ALIVE

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