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Elizabeth KrahnTranscending the “Black Raven”: An Autoethnographic and Intergenerational Exploration of Stalinist Oppressionand refugees would be of value. Also of interestwould be research that, for instance, highlightscommunity-based, narrative, and/or intergenerationalapproaches to facilitating post-traumaticgrowth, development of secure attachments, andend-of-life resolution.It has been profoundly moving for me to witnesschildren, which resonate so strongly with myown experience. I am equally struck by our capacityto collectively rewrite the historical narrativesthat have shaped our lives. I like to askmyself: “Is the story writing me or am I writingthe story?” This narrative process has dispelledthe power of darkness that had been vested inthe Black Raven and has rewritten the outcomeDeOliveira, Carey Anne, Greg Moran, and David R.Pederson. 2005. “Understanding the Link between MaternalAdult Attachment Classifications and Thoughtsand Feelings about Emotions.” Attachment and HumanDevelopment 7(2):153-170.Drachman, Diane. 1992. “A Stage-of-Migration Frameworkfor Service to Immigrant Populations.” Social Work37(1):68-72.Hayano, David M. 1979. “Auto-ethnography: Paradigms,Problems, and Prospects.” Human Organization38(1):99-104.Hermann, Judith. 1992. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermathof Violence—From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror.New York: Basic Books.Hooyman, Nancy et al. 2002. “Feminist Gerontologyand the Life Course: Policy, Research, and Teaching Is-the narrative accounts of survivors and adultof that dark period of Mennonite history.Driedger, Leo. 2010. At the Forks: Mennonites in Winnipeg.Kitchener: Pandora Press.sues.” Gerontology and Geriatrics Education 22(4):3-26.Hunt, Nigel and Sue McHale. 2008. “Memory andDurst, Douglas. 2005. “Aging amongst Immigrants inMeaning: Individual and Social Aspects of MemoryCanada: Policy and Planning Implications.” RetrievedNarratives.” Journal of Loss and Trauma 13(1):42-58.ReferencesAugust 30, 2012 (http://www.ccsd.ca/cswp/2005/durst.pdf).Epp, Marlene. 1997. “The Memory of Violence: SovietIsajiw, Wsevolod W., Yury Boshyk, and Roman Senkus,(eds.). 2002. The Refugee Experience: Ukrainian DisplacedPersons after World War II. Toronto: Canadian InstituteAdler, Patricia A. and Peter Adler. 2008. “Of Rhetoricand Representation: The Four Faces of Ethnography.”The Sociological Quarterly 49(1):1-30.Chambers, Pat. 2004. “The Case for Critical Social Gerontologyin Social Work Education with Older Women.”Social Work Education 23(6):745-758.and East European Mennonite Refugees and Rapein the Second World War.” Journal of Women’s History9(1):58-87.of Ukrainian Studies Press.Ivey, Allen E., Michael J. D’Andrea, and Mary B. Ivey,(eds.). 2011. “Neuroscience: The Newest Force in Coun-Anderson, Leon. 2006. “Analytic Autoethnography.”Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 35(4):373-395.Atkinson, Paul and Martyn Hammersley. 1994. “Ethnographyand Participant Observation.” Pp. 248-261 in Handbookof Qualitative Research, edited by Norman K. Denzinand Yvonna S. Lincoln. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Aun, Karl. 1985. The Political Refugees: A History of theEstonians in Canada. 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DP: Lithuanian Immigration to Canadaafter the Second World War. Toronto: Multicultural HistorySociety of Ontario.Denborough, David, Jill Freedman, and Cheryl White.2008. Strengthening Resistance: The Use of Narrative Practicesin Working with Genocide Survivors. Adelaide: Dul-Epp, Marlene. 2000. Women Without Men: MennoniteRefugees of the Second World War. Toronto: University ofToronto Press.Fraser, Heather. 2004. “Doing Narrative Research: AnalysingPersonal Stories Line by Line.” Qualitative SocialWork 3(2):179-201.Freire, Paulo. 1973. Education as the Practice of Freedomin Education for Critical Consciousness. New York: Continuum.Grinberg, León and Rebeca Grinberg. 1989. PsychoanalyticPerspectives on Migration and Exile. New Haven,London: Yale University Press.Guba, Egon G. and Yvonne S. Lincoln. 1994. CompetingParadigms in Qualitative Research. Pp. 105-117 in Handbookof Qualitative Research, edited by Norman K. Denzinand Yvonna S. Lincoln. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Hammersley, Martyn and Paul Atkinson. 2005. Ethnography:Principles in Practice. 2 nd ed. London, New York:seling and Psychotherapy.” Pp. 49-86 in Theories ofCounseling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective,Seventh Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Janoff-Bulman, Ronnie. 2004. “Posttraumatic Growth:Three Explanatory Models.” Psychological Inquiry15(1):30-34.Jilek-Aall, Louise, Wolfgang Jilek, and Frank Flynn.1978. “Sex Role, Culture and Psychopathology: A ComparativeStudy of three Ethnic Groups in WesternCanada.” The Journal of Psychological Anthropology 1(4):473-488.Jordan, Judith V. 2008. “Commitment to Connectionin a Culture of Fear.” Women and Therapy 31(2):235-254.Kelley, Ninette and Michael J. Trebilcock. 1998. The Makingof the Mosaic: A History of Canadian Immigration Policy.Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press.Khanlou, Nazilla. 2010. “Migrant Mental Health inCanada.” Canadian Issues: Immigrant Mental Health Sum-ans.” Clinical Social Work Journal 38(3):316-326.wich Centre Foundation.Routledge.mer:9-16.70©2013 QSR Volume IX Issue 3Qualitative Sociology Review • www.qualitativesociologyreview.org 71