Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Buffers Prevent excessivechanges in pH Major buffer in ECFis HCO 3<strong>and</strong> H 2CO 3 Other buffersinclude:• Plasma proteins• Hemoglobin• PhosphatesLungs Regulate acid-base balance byeliminating or retaining carbondioxide Does this by altering rate/depth ofrespirations• Faster rate/more depth = get rid of moreCO 2<strong>and</strong> pH rises• Slower rate/less depth = retain CO 2<strong>and</strong>pH lowersKidneys Regulate by selectively excreting orconserving bicarbonate <strong>and</strong> hydrogenions Slower to respond to changeFactors Affecting Body <strong>Fluid</strong>,<strong>Electrolyte</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>Acid</strong>-<strong>Base</strong> <strong>Balance</strong> Age Gender Body size Environmental temperature LifestyleRisk Factors for <strong>Fluid</strong>, <strong>Electrolyte</strong>,<strong>and</strong> <strong>Acid</strong>-<strong>Base</strong> Imbalances<strong>Electrolyte</strong> Imbalances Chronic diseases Acute conditions Medications Treatments Extremes of age Inability to access food <strong>and</strong> fluids Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia Hypomagnesemia Hypermagnesemia Hypochloremia Hyperchloremia Hypophosphatemia Hyperphosphatemia7
Change language