Dibrom Concentrate Technical Manual - Amvac

Dibrom ® Concentrateand Trumpet ® EC.Proven, effective andreliable products foradult mosquito control.

Table of ContentsIntroduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Operational Use Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) ApplicationEquipmentProceduresHealth Effects Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Acute EffectsEffects of Long-Term ExposureEnvironmental Effects .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Environmental FateAquatic Organism ToxicityAvian ToxicityNaledA nonpersistent organophosphate used especially toTechnical Information .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Physical and Chemical PropertiesDegradation of NaledRegulatory Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11control adult mosquitoes, flies and crop pests.Contact AMVAC at 1-888-462-6822 or visit our web site at www.amvac-chemical.com

Application Equipment, continuedGenerally, the pump system is preferred. The diagrambelow provides a general component layout for Nozzle this type ofsystem. Naled-resistant materials should be solely used incomponent construction.TankPressure GaugeStainless steel, fiberglass, or polypropylene should beutilized. Polypropylene or stainless steel is preferred.Fiberglass Supply is Line considerably more economical; however, notall from fiberglass System compositions are resistant to naled so becertain to establish this before the tank is constructed.Flushing systems should include the tank. Tank size shouldbe based upon the weight of Dibrom Concentrate andTrumpet EC and the size of the area that will normallybe treated.LiquidTankPump SystemNozzlePressure Relief Valvewith GaugeOn/OffBypassValvePumpMotorTypical Application SystemLineStrainerPump and MotorThe pump is the key item in any handling system.Stainless steel gear pumps have performed well withDibrom Concentrate and Trumpet EC. Pumps should berun at the lowest possible speed. This is accomplishedthrough proper pump and motor selection.Past experience has shown the Oberdorfer stainless steelpump, equipped with a Teflon seal, is a corrosion-resistant,dependable pump available in a size range sufficient tohandle flow rates associated with aerial application inULV, as well as those associated with bulk handling andloading systems. The SHURFLO pump with Santoprenediaphragm is also recommended.Supply Lineto Boom +NozzlesNozzlePressure Relief ValveAvailable in bronze or stainless steel with interior partsalso available in stainless steel from either Debeo Co.or SHURFLO.Flow MeterMany agencies use self-adjusting flow meters to monitorand change the flow as needed during turns and as therelative ground speed changes. Sotera and Great Plainshave flow meters that function well.StrainerStainless steel or brass body with 100-mesh stainlesssteel or nylon screen insert is recommended.On/Off ValveA solenoid controlled on/off is recommended. Attentionmust be paid to see that the interior construction willwithstand naled (Viton or Teflon).Supply LinesA Teflon-lined, steel-braided hose, nylon or stainlesssteel tubing is recommended. Nylon is considerablymore economical, but stainless steel is considerablymore durable.Most applications are made by air.BoomTeflon-lined, steel braided hose or a stainless steel boomis recommended in spite of the cost factor. The boomis subjected to a great deal of force and the possibilityof bird strikes, so the system should be constructed toprevent leaks or failure.NozzlesSelections vary depending on aircraft speed. Electric andturbine-driven rotary atomizers, some flat fans and orimpinger nozzles, rated for label droplet size performanceshould be used. Nozzles should be constructed of eitherstainless steel or brass.For aircraft flying under 100 mph, use electric atomizingnozzles only. These high-speed rotary nozzles distributeparticles in the 20 to 40 micron range. Micronaire AU4000, AU 5000, and AU 6000 series and BeecomistSystems, Inc. nozzles are recommended.Supply Linefrom SystemPressure GaugeAircraft and Ground Equipment CalibrationTo ensure proper application for the various groundand aircraft equipment, contact your pilot, aircraftmanufacturer, your local distributor and/or your AMVACtechnical representative.Nozzle.6.........[Dibrom Concentrate and Trumpet EC] .[Dibrom Concentrate and Trumpet EC]

HEALTH EFFECTSWhen Dibrom Concentrate or Trumpet EC is usedaccording to label directions, the risk of adverse healtheffects to mosquito abatement workers, or to peoplepresent in treated areas, is extremely low. ConsultAMVAC’s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for theproduct in use, for current information on the effects ofoverexposure. In case of emergency, or if more in-depthinformation is needed on health-related issues, physiciansor the public may call a poison control center or AMVACat 1-323-264-3910.If absorbed into the body, Dibrom Concentrate andTrumpet EC break down very quickly, primarily todichlorvos (DDVP). DDVP has a comparable degree oftoxicity to naled, the active ingredient, and also breaksdown rapidly in the body to less toxic chemicals. DibromConcentrate, Trumpet EC and DDVP are extensivelymetabolized within the body and their breakdownproducts are excreted primarily via the kidneys within afew days.The mechanism of toxicity of organophosphates isvery specific. All such chemicals inhibit cholinesteraseenzymes, which are involved in the transmission of signalsbetween nerves, or from nerves to muscles or glands.Organophosphates act by binding to cholinesteraseand inhibiting the transmission of nerve signals. Sincethe body continually manufactures these enzymes, thesigns and symptoms of mild to moderate overexposuredisappear after several days, once the normalphysiological levels of the enzyme have been replenished.Acute EffectsAcute toxicity studies are used to determine the systemictoxicity and irritation potential of substances followinga short-term (acute) exposure. EPA uses the results ofthese studies to determine the “signal” word (i.e., Danger,Warning, Caution), precautionary wording and first aidstatements which appear on the product label. Thepurpose of the signal word and associated precautionarystatements is to protect individuals who may work withor be exposed to the undiluted concentrate. Thesestatements are not intended to apply to persons in thecommunity who may be exposed to the chemical frommosquito abatement applications, as their exposurewill be far less. The label statements also indicate whatprotective equipment should be worn by persons workingwith the product, and what first aid procedures to follow incase of accidental overexposure.The following results are from studies conducted todetermine the acute toxicity of naled. They can be used asan estimate of the toxicity of the formulated products.Effects of Long-Term ExposureNaled has been thoroughly tested for adverse healtheffects under long-term exposure conditions. There is noindication that persons working with Dibrom Concentrateand Trumpet EC regularly should have any long-termhealth effects.Acute Oral LD 1 50in the Rat 92 – 191 mg/kgbody weight 2Acute Dermal LD 50in the Rabbit 360 – 390 mg/kgbody weight 2Acute Inhalation LC 50in the Rat 0.19 – 0.2mg/1 airAcute Eye Irritation in the Rabbit Corrosive to eyesAcute Skin Irritation in the Rabbit Corrosive to skin1The LD or LC is the dose which is lethal to 50% of anexperimental population of lab animals.2Results based on studies conducted with naled technical grade.Cancer TestingResearch shows that exposure to naled does not causecancer in laboratory animals. There are no findings orreports of increased cancer among workers involved inthe manufacture, formulation, or application ofnaled formulations. Similarly, there are no reports ofincreased rates of cancer in communities whereDibrom Concentrate and Trumpet EC is used for adultmosquito control.Naled breaks down to dichlorvos (DDVP) in mammals.When given by mouth to mice for a lifetime, DDVP wasshown in one study to produce fore-stomach tumors.No tumors of this or any other type were producedin naled lifetime cancer studies, even though naledwas administered to the animals at a daily dose levelthousands of times greater than that to which humansmight be exposed from applications of the chemical foradult mosquito control.Reproductive Effects TestingData from laboratory animal tests indicate that naled doesnot cause adverse reproductive effects. Results of themultigenerational rat reproduction study and teratologystudies demonstrated that at the dose levels tested, naleddid not have an adverse effect upon reproduction orcause fetal malformations.Neurotoxic Effects TestingNeurotoxic is defined as any adverse effect on thestructure or function of the nervous system related toexposure to a chemical substance. Based on an extensiveneurotoxicity database, including recently completedsubchronic studies, and human case reports, there is noevidence that exposure to naled ULV application results inneurotoxicity symptoms other than the well-documentedinhibition of cholinesterase.Residue on Food CropsDue to the broadcast nature of mosquito controlapplications, there is a potential for small amounts ofthese materials to reach growing crops. The likelihoodof such residues being detectable at harvest is verysmall. However, the EPA has established a toleranceof 0.5 parts per million for naled and its breakdownproduct DDVP on all food crops resulting from wide-areapest control uses. Thus, crops containing inadvertentresidues up to the tolerance level may be sold legally.Food containing inadvertent Dibrom Concentrate andTrumpet EC residues as a result of labeled mosquitocontrol applications may be consumed without concernover potential adverse health effects. Dibrom 8, anagricultural use formulation of naled, is registered forinsect control on over 25 crops including citrus, melons,strawberries and cole crops. Dibrom 8 is also used arounddairies, feedlots and other sites to control flies and othernuisance pests.Dibrom Concentrate and Trumpet EC can be safelyused in a wide variety of environments, from residential.8.........[Dibrom Concentrate and Trumpet EC] areas to agricultural farms to woodland and marsh areas..[Dibrom Concentrate and Trumpet EC]

For more information about Dibrom ® Concentrate and Trumpet ® EC contact your product distributor,call 1-888-462-6822 or visit www.amvac-chemical.com.Always read and follow all label directions and use precautions. Always pre-test for phytotoxicity prior to large-scale use.Photos on page 4 courtesy of Collier County Mosquito Control.Dibrom ® and Trumpet ® are registered trademarks of AMVAC Chemical Corporation. All non-AMVAC trade names and marks that may be reflectedin this and other AMVAC marketing materials are proprietary to their respective owners..16 © [Dibrom 2008 AMVAC Concentrate Chemical and Corporation. Trumpet EC]AMD-T2008-009