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The role played by grandparents in family support and ... - Nasen

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<strong>and</strong> how different types of schools, both ma<strong>in</strong>stream <strong>and</strong>special <strong>in</strong> different sectors (primary, secondary <strong>and</strong> tertiary)can work with <strong>and</strong> <strong>support</strong> <strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong>.Develop<strong>in</strong>g ‘active’ school policiesRecognis<strong>in</strong>g this potential heterogeneity <strong>and</strong> the fact that<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong> <strong>in</strong> school life does not ‘just happen’,active school policies <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>itiatives need to be developed<strong>and</strong> implemented. Some key considerations for schools <strong>and</strong>their staff are the need to be sensitive <strong>and</strong> responsive to<strong>family</strong> diversity, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g: different social, cultural/ethnic<strong>and</strong> class circumstances <strong>and</strong> <strong>family</strong> relationships (especiallywhich families it is appropriate to work with <strong>in</strong> terms of<strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong> provid<strong>in</strong>g <strong>support</strong>); the impact of differentschool sett<strong>in</strong>gs; <strong>and</strong> also, the need to th<strong>in</strong>k creatively <strong>in</strong>order to <strong>in</strong>clude geographically distanced <strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong>.Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> developmentFor schools to value ‘<strong>family</strong>-based’ partnerships, schoolstaff must recognise the contribution <strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong> can maketo both <strong>family</strong> stability <strong>and</strong> school life. Provid<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>formation<strong>and</strong> tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g for school staff is thus important: ideally,a planned <strong>and</strong> coherent programme implemented withgovernment <strong>and</strong>/or local authority <strong>support</strong>. Facilitat<strong>in</strong>gopportunities for schools to share experiences <strong>and</strong> ‘good’practice would also be beneficial. Acknowledg<strong>in</strong>g thecurrent policy <strong>in</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong> of mov<strong>in</strong>g towards ‘extendedschools’, it is also important for schools <strong>and</strong> their staff towork with other relevant agencies, especially social care <strong>and</strong>health services, shar<strong>in</strong>g ideas <strong>and</strong> knowledge as to how bestto provide <strong>support</strong> to <strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong>.Listen<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong>In order to facilitate all of the above, it is important forschools <strong>and</strong> their staff to consult with <strong>and</strong> listen to <strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong>.Current policy guidance highlights the benefits ofwork<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> partnership with parents (DCSF, 2007; DfES,2006), this approach could usefully be extended to work<strong>in</strong>gwith <strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong> – how do <strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong> want to be<strong>in</strong>cluded, especially <strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong> of children with SEN;<strong>and</strong>, if they do have specific <strong>support</strong> needs, how can schoolsbeg<strong>in</strong> to address these?ReferencesAL-AZAMI, S. (2006) <strong>The</strong> Silver L<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g of My Life: Learn<strong>in</strong>g with Gr<strong>and</strong>parents.A Report of the Work of the National Development Project2005–2006. Nott<strong>in</strong>gham: Basic Skills Agency.ARTHUR, S., SNAPE, D. <strong>and</strong> DENCH, G. (2003) <strong>The</strong> Moral Economy ofGr<strong>and</strong>parent<strong>in</strong>g. London: National Centre for Social Research.BALES, D. (2003) Gr<strong>and</strong>parents Rais<strong>in</strong>g Gr<strong>and</strong>children: Help<strong>in</strong>g YourGr<strong>and</strong>child Deal with the Death of a Parent (Extension publicationCHFD-E 59-4). Athens, GA: <strong>The</strong> University of Georgia CooperativeExtension Service. [Onl<strong>in</strong>e at www.fcs.uga.edu]BARANOWSKI, M. <strong>and</strong> SCHILMOELLER, G. (1999) Gr<strong>and</strong>parents <strong>in</strong>the lives of gr<strong>and</strong>children with disabilities: mothers’ perceptions. Education<strong>and</strong> Treatment of Children, 22, 4, 427–446.BASHFORD, S. (2004) A parent aga<strong>in</strong>. Children Now, 15–21 September,22–23.BERESFORD, B. (Social Policy Research Unit, University of York) (1994)Positively Parents: Car<strong>in</strong>g for a Severely Disabled Child. London:HMSO.BOSTRÖM, A. K. (2002) Increas<strong>in</strong>g social capital <strong>in</strong> the classroom: achallenge for <strong>in</strong>tergenerational learn<strong>in</strong>g. Education <strong>and</strong> Society, 20,3,91–101.BURNS, C. <strong>and</strong> MADIAN, N. (1992) Experiences with a <strong>support</strong> group for<strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong> of children with disabilities. Paediatric Nurs<strong>in</strong>g, 18, 1,17–21.CARPENTER, B. (1996) Enabl<strong>in</strong>g partnerships: families <strong>and</strong> schools. InB. Carpenter, R. Ashdown <strong>and</strong> K. Bovair (eds.) Enabl<strong>in</strong>g Access:Effective Teach<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> Learn<strong>in</strong>g for Pupils with Learn<strong>in</strong>g Difficulties.London: David Fulton.CARPENTER, B. (2000) Susta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the <strong>family</strong>: meet<strong>in</strong>g the needs offamilies with disabilities. British Journal of Special Education, 27, 3,135–144.CARPENTER, B., ADDENBROOKE, M., ATTFIELD, E. <strong>and</strong> CONWAY,S. (2004) ‘Celebrat<strong>in</strong>g families’: an <strong>in</strong>clusive model of <strong>family</strong>-centredtra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g. British Journal of Special Education, 31, 2, 75–80.CLARKE, L. <strong>and</strong> CAIRNS, H. (2001) Gr<strong>and</strong>parents <strong>and</strong> the care of children:the research evidence. In B. Broad (ed.) K<strong>in</strong>ship Care: <strong>The</strong>Placement Choice for Children <strong>and</strong> Young People (pp. 11–20). Dorset:Russell House Publish<strong>in</strong>g.CLARKE, L. <strong>and</strong> ROBERTS, C. (2003) Gr<strong>and</strong>parenthood: Its Mean<strong>in</strong>g<strong>and</strong> Its Contribution to Older People’s Lives (Economic <strong>and</strong> SocialResearch Council (ESRC) Research F<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs 22 from the Grow<strong>in</strong>gOlder Programme). Sheffield: ESRC Grow<strong>in</strong>g Older Programme,Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield. [Onl<strong>in</strong>e at:http://www.grow<strong>in</strong>golder.group.shef.ac.uk/GOF<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs22.pdf]CONTACT A FAMILY (2005) Factsheet for Gr<strong>and</strong>parents. London:Contact-a-Family. [Onl<strong>in</strong>e at http://www.ca<strong>family</strong>.org.uk/<strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong>.html].DANNISON, L. <strong>and</strong> SMITH, A. (2003) Custodial <strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong> community<strong>support</strong> program: lessons learned. Children <strong>and</strong> Schools, 25,2,87–95.DAYCARE TRUST (2007) Listen<strong>in</strong>g to Parents of Disabled Childrenabout Childcare. London: Daycare Trust.DCSF (DEPARTMENT FOR CHILDREN, SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES)(2007) <strong>The</strong> Children’s Plan: Build<strong>in</strong>g Brighter Futures. London: <strong>The</strong>Stationery Office. [Onl<strong>in</strong>e at http://www.dfes.gov.uk/publications/childrensplan/]DEAN, H. <strong>and</strong> SHAH, A. (2002) Insecure families <strong>and</strong> low-pay<strong>in</strong>g labourmarkets: comments on the British experience. Journal of Social Policy,31, 1, 61–80.DENCH, G. <strong>and</strong> OGG, J. (2002) Gr<strong>and</strong>parent<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Brita<strong>in</strong>: A Basel<strong>in</strong>eStudy. London: Institute of Community Studies.DENCH, G., OGG, J. <strong>and</strong> THOMSON, K. (1999) <strong>The</strong> <strong>role</strong> of <strong>gr<strong>and</strong>parents</strong>.In R. Jowell, J. Curtis, A. Park <strong>and</strong> K. Thomson (eds.) British SocialAttitudes: <strong>The</strong> 16 th Report. Hampshire: Ashgate Publish<strong>in</strong>g.DfES (DEPARTMENT FOR EDUCATION AND SKILLS) (2001) SpecialEducational Needs Code of Practice. London: <strong>The</strong> Stationery Office.DfES (DEPARTMENT FOR EDUCATION AND SKILLS) (2004a)Every Child Matters: Change for Children. London: <strong>The</strong> StationeryOffice.DfES (DEPARTMENT FOR EDUCATION AND SKILLS) (2004b) EveryChild Matters: Change for Children <strong>in</strong> Schools. London: <strong>The</strong> StationeryOffice.DfES (DEPARTMENT FOR EDUCATION AND SKILLS) (2006) ChildcareAct 2006: Chapter 21. Norwich: <strong>The</strong> Stationery Office. [Onl<strong>in</strong>e athttp://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2006/pdf/ukpga_20060021_en.pdf].DfES (DEPARTMENT FOR EDUCATION AND SKILLS) (2007a) EveryParent Matters: Help<strong>in</strong>g You Help Your Child. London: <strong>The</strong> StationeryOffice.© 2008 <strong>The</strong> Author(s). Journal compilation © 2008 NASEN Support for Learn<strong>in</strong>g · Volume 23 · Number 3 · 2008 133

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