Vision: to be Australia's leading centre for clinical research ... - AMREP

The Alfred Medical Research and Education PrecinctResearch Report 2007Vision: to be Australia’s leading centre for clinical researchunderpinned by excellence in basic research and public health.© Alfred Health 2008This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part ofthis publication may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from Alfred Health.Enquiries should be directed to the Manager, Alfred and Baker IDI Research Office.ISSN 1445-8853

CONTENTSI have pleasure in introducing the Alfred MedicalResearch and Education Precinct (AMREP) ResearchReport for 2007.AMREP was established in 2002 as a partnershipbetween the Baker Medical Research Institute, AlfredHealth, the Burnet Institute, Deakin University, LaTrobe University and Monash University.This report provides a comprehensive overview of theresearch programs undertaken across all institutionsbased at AMREP in 2007, and includes a list of majorcompetitive national and international grants held byAMREP staff. Listings of publications and currentdoctoral and masters degree students are includedat the end of the report. Statistics on a selection ofindicators of research performance, monitored since1998, are also provided.A new section on Rehabilitation, Aged andCommunity Care is in this year’s report to reflectthe research effort and increasing national profile ofCaulfield Hospital, another hospital in the AlfredHealth group. Research projects conducted by staff ofThe Alfred Department of General Surgery are alsodescribed for the first time.Information is provided on the research directions ofthe recently formed Baker IDI Heart and DiabetesInstitute, created by the merger of the InternationalDiabetes Institute with the Baker Heart ResearchInstitute.Jennifer WilliamsChief Executive, Alfred HealthChair, AMREP CouncilIntroduction 1The AMREP Council 2AMREP Research Strategic Plan 2007-2011 3AMREP in 2007/2008 4AMREP’s Research Performance 5The Alfred Human Research Ethics Committee 6The AMREP Animal Ethics Committee 7Ian Potter Library 8Translating Research into Clinical Practice 9Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine 12Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine 14Australian Centre for Blood Diseases 15Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute 17Burnet Institute 20Cardiothoracic Surgery 25Cardiovascular Medicine 26Centre for Health Innovation 28Centre for Obesity Research and Education 29Clinical Pharmacology 30Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology 31Emergency Medicine 32Endocrinology and Diabetes 33Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine 34Gastroenterology 36General Surgery 37Hyperbaric Medicine 38Immunology 39Infectious Diseases 41Intensive Care 43Medical Oncology 44Medicine 45Melanoma Service 46National Trauma Research Institute 47Neurosciences 49Neurosurgery 50Nuclear Medicine 51Nucleus Network 52Nursing 53Nutrition 54Occupational Therapy 55Pathology 56Patient and Family Services 57Pharmacy 58Physiotherapy 59Psychiatry 60Psychology 62Radiation Oncology 63Rehabilitation, Aged and Community Care 64Renal Medicine 65Rheumatology 66Speech Pathology 67Surgery 68Trauma Surgery 69Women’s Health 70Awards 71Major Grants 74Postgraduate Students 84Publications 93INTRODUCTION 1

The AMREPCouncilJennifer WilliamsChairThe AMREP Council has a major governance role in providing the infrastructure andenvironment in which research at AMREP can flourish. The Council comprises tworepresentatives from each of the four original AMREP partners and one from each of thenewer partners (Deakin University and La Trobe University). Additional members are theChief Medical Officer and Chief Nursing Officer, Alfred Health (representing the interfacebetween research and clinical practice), and the chairs of the two campus ethicscommittees and the AMREP Scientific Advisory Committee.The AMREP Research Strategic Plan for 2007-2011 was approved in June 2007 forimplementation; the Executive Summary is included on the next page of this report.Following are the major items of business considered by the AMREP Council from July2007 to June 2008:• Progress with plans for construction of The Alfred Centre Stage 2• AMREP Governing Agreement and Service Agreements• AMREP Strategic Plan for Research 2007-2011 – development of consortium actionplans• Bio21 Research Directors Forum – national consultation on research in Australia’shospitals• AMREP Animal Services, including establishment of Precinct Animal CentreGovernance and Strategy Committee• Centre for Health Innovation• Facilities management at AMREP• Indemnity arrangements for clinical trials• Research infrastructure funding for Victorian Health Services• Centralised multi-site ethical review• Merger of International Diabetes Institute with the Baker Institute• Nucleus Network• Caulfield Hospital Research Strategic Plan• Establishment of AMREP imaging consortium• AMREP’s research performance• AMREP Research Reports• AMREP Research Student Open Night 2007• NHMRC funding awarded to AMREP researchers commencing in 2008• Research governance – development of short courses in good clinical researchpractice for Alfred Health staff• Establishment of AMREP Honours Scholarships scheme• Development of AMREP logo and website• Formation of two AMREP Animal Ethics Committees and restructuring of fees• Regular reports from The Alfred Human Research Ethics Committee, the AMREPAnimal Ethics Committee, the AMREP Scientific Advisory Committee, AMREPoperational working groups and Monash University Biosafety Committee (on dealingswith genetically modified organisms).Professor Brendan Crabb, formerly of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of MedicalResearch, joined the Burnet Institute as Director in March 2008 following Professor SteveWesselingh’s appointment to the position of Dean, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing andHealth Sciences, Monash University.Members of the AMREP Council (July 2008):Jennifer Williams (Chair)Representative, Alfred HealthHilary BoltonRepresentative, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteProfessor Mari BottiRepresentative, Deakin UniversityProfessor Brendan CrabbRepresentative, Burnet InstituteAssociate Professor Sharon DonovanChief Nursing Officer, Alfred HealthProfessor Mark CooperChair, AMREP Scientific Advisory CommitteeDr Lee HamleyChief Medical Officer, Alfred HealthAssociate Professor Geoff Head / Dr Raffi GugasyanChair, AMREP Animal Ethics CommitteeProfessor Garry JenningsRepresentative, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteProfessor John McNeilChair, The Alfred Human Research Ethics CommitteeProfessor Mark HogarthRepresentative, Burnet InstituteProfessor Graeme RyanRepresentative, Alfred HealthProfessor Hal SwerissenRepresentative, La Trobe UniversityProfessor Napier Thomson / Professor Hatem SalemRepresentative, Monash UniversityProfessor Steve WesselinghRepresentative, Monash UniversityIn attendanceHeather Gallichio (Secretary)Manager, Alfred & Baker IDI Research OfficeGillian HolleyManager, Monash University Central and Eastern Clinical SchoolBill O’SheaAlfred Health Corporate CounselMatthew TymmsDirector, Capital Planning and Infrastructure, Alfred Health2 THE NURSING AMREP COUNCIL

AMREPResearch Strategic Plan2007-20111. The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP) visionis to be Australia’s leading centre for clinical research underpinned byexcellence in basic research and public health.2. The foundations for excellence in clinical research require acombination of:• pre-eminent leadership in clinical practice• outstanding capacity in biomedical sciences and clinicalmeasurement• high level support in clinical research methodology3. The AMREP partners recognise that a culture that encouragesresearch excellence and leadership, associated with a commitment toexcellence in research training, creates an environment that will attractand retain outstanding staff and research students.4. AMREP has the potential to influence and inform global researchdirections and government policy in relation to innovative health caredevelopment and delivery.5. In seeking to grow the research profile of AMREP, the AMREP Councilhas a major governance role in providing the infrastructure andenvironment in which clinical research can flourish. This will beachieved through planning and overseeing research on The Alfredcampus and further developing the AMREP collaborative model ofexcellence in clinical research, taking account of the relevant drivers forresearch excellence and using key performance indicators to monitorresearch outputs.6. The drivers for research excellence within AMREP include generation ofnew knowledge aimed at improving human health, and noting:• National Health Priority Areas (1995)• National Research Priority of ‘Promoting and Maintaining GoodHealth’ (2002)• National Chronic Disease Strategy (2005)• Victorian Government Biotechnology Strategic DevelopmentPlan (2004)• National Biotechnology Strategy (2000)• The aspirations of each of the AMREP partners7. There are many areas of research strength on The Alfred campusthat should be further fostered and developed in the Baker Institute(cardiovascular disease and diabetes), the Burnet Institute (infectiousdiseases) and in the Monash University and Alfred hospitaldepartments on the campus.8. The more successful and higher profile current research effortwithin AMREP is strongly collaborative and can be characterisedas comprising a number of existing consortia that should be furtherfostered and developed. These are:• Cardiovascular Research Consortium• Infectious Diseases Research Consortium• Trauma and Critical Care Research Consortium• Allergy / Asthma / Respiratory Medicine Research Consortium• Anaesthesia Research Consortium• Blood Diseases Research Consortium• Mental Health Research Consortium• Neurosciences Research Consortium• Public Health and Preventive Medicine Research Consortium9. In seeking to further promote key partnerships and relationships as amajor basis for growing the research profile of AMREP and attractingand retaining staff and students of the highest quality, a number ofnew consortia should be actively developed as major collaborativeAMREP initiatives. These are:• Diabetes and Obesity Research Consortium• Cancer Research Consortium• Health Services Innovation Research Consortium• Global Health Research Consortium• Diagnostics Research Consortium10. In addition, as opportunities arise, research should also be fostered inother clinical areas of significant importance to Alfred Health (such asGastroenterology, Renal Medicine, Rheumatology, Surgery, Pathology,Pre-hospital Care, Ageing, Rehabilitation and Palliative Care) and inmajor professional disciplines (including Nursing and Allied Health).11. A critical strategic planning issue is the necessary researchinfrastructure (including equipment) and future space expansionrequirements for AMREP and the need for further detailed considerationof the following:• Alfred Centre Stage Two• Third AMREP Tower12. The AMREP Council should undertake the major leadership role inoverseeing the proposed recommendations and actions (including theestablishment of Working Groups) to implement the AMREP ResearchStrategic Plan, in particular regarding:• further progress of the existing AMREP research consortia• the development of the proposed new AMREP research consortia• research developments in other clinical areas• consideration of the use of Alfred Research Trusts funds tostrategically support existing and new research developments• further detailed consideration of the necessary researchinfrastructure (including equipment) and future space expansionrequirements for AMREPAMREP RESEARCH STRATEGIC PLAN 2007-2011 3

The Alfred MedicalResearch & EducationPrecinct in 2007/2008Professor Graeme Ryan ACDirector Research Strategy, Alfred HealthThe Alfred Medical Research & Education Precinct (AMREP) has seenconsiderable growth in the past two years, first with the merger of theAustin Research Institute and the Burnet Institute at the beginning of 2006to form a new, larger Burnet Institute, and recently with the merger of theBaker Heart Research Institute and the International Diabetes Institute tocreate Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute. Baker IDI, an organisationof almost 600 people, is Australia’s first multi-disciplinary organisationtackling obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease through research,education and patient care. Staff of the former Austin Research Instituteand International Diabetes Institute will relocate to new premises atAMREP in 2010.Commencement of The Alfred Centre Stage 2Construction commenced in March 2008 on Stage 2 of The AlfredCentre, a seven storey extension of the existing Alfred Centre, which willresult in 17,000 square metres of new space. This major project, ledby the Burnet Institute and Alfred Health, is a mixed state and federalgovernment and private initiative, which will provide expanded outpatientand other clinical facilities for The Alfred, and additional accommodationfor the Burnet Institute and Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute. Both theMonash University clinical school and La Trobe University nursing schoolwill also occupy space in the new building.Establishment of Monash University Schoolof Public Health and Preventive MedicineIn June 2008, Monash University announced the establishment of theSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Nursing and Health Sciences. Led by Professor John McNeil, the newSchool comprises the Department of Epidemiology and PreventiveMedicine, Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), MonashInstitute of Health Services Research (MIHSR) and the Victorian Institute ofForensic Medicine (VIFM). It joins the Central and Eastern Clinical Schoolas the second School of the Monash University Faculty of Medicine,Nursing and Health Sciences to be based at AMREP.Research PerformanceSeveral Key Performance Indicators for Research have been monitoredannually since 1998, and the growth continues to be impressive.Particularly noteworthy in 2007 were increases in total external researchfunding (up from $64 million in 2006 to $68 million) and the numberof publications (up from 911 in 2006 to 1026). The amount of NHMRCand NIH funding received rose from $30.3 million in 2006 to nearly $32million in 2007.The 2007 NHMRC funding round was extremely successful for AMREPresearchers, with more than $46 million in total grant funding awardedto commence in 2008, compared with $30 million in 2007. Highlightswere a $12 million Program Grant awarded to Professor Garry Jennings,Director, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute for ‘A program of researchaddressing the transition from health to advanced cardiovasculardisease’, $23.5 million in Project Grant funding (an increase of morethan $9 million compared with 2007) and $5.8 million in funding forResearch Fellowships.AMREP Honours ScholarshipsAn AMREP Honours Scholarships scheme was implemented in 2007as an initiative of the AMREP Scientific Advisory Committee to attractoutstanding Science and Biomedical Science students to undertake theirHonours year (and potentially PhD studies) at AMREP. The two inauguralscholarships, for study in 2008, were awarded to Anthony Park (MonashDepartment of Immunology) and Vibhasha Chand (Baker IDI Heart andDiabetes Institute). Photographs of Anthony and Vibhasha are on theinside back cover of this report.Alfred Week Research Poster Display andAMREP Research PrizeThis well-supported event is one of the many activities of Alfred Week,held annually in late October. In 2007, 197 posters were displayed,showcasing the full range of research activities carried out across AMREP.As has become customary, prizes were awarded for the best posters inseveral categories. We gratefully acknowledge our prize sponsors as wellas the contribution of the many AMREP staff who judged the posters.The 20 poster prizes and three other research awards (AMREP ResearchPrize, the inaugural Henry O’Hara Surgical Research Award and theGlaxoSmithKline Prize for Advanced Trainee Physicians) were presentedat a lunch and award presentation ceremony. A feature of the ceremonywas the keynote address by Monash University Vice Chancellor, ProfessorRichard Larkins, entitled ‘AMREP and Monash University: a Partnershipfor a Healthy Future’.Professor Larkins presented the 2007 AMREP Research Prize to AssociateProfessor Assam El-Osta (Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute). Thisannual prize of $1000 is awarded to the AMREP first or senior authorwhose original research paper was published in the previous calendaryear in the journal with the highest impact factor. Associate Professor El-Osta’s article was published in Nature Genetics (impact factor: 24.176).4 THE 4 ANAESTHESIA ALFRED ALLERGY, MEDICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND PERIOPERATIVE RESEARCH AND & EDUCATION RESPIRATORY MEDICINE PRECINCT MEDICINE IN 2007/2008

The Alfred HumanResearch EthicsCommitteeProfessor John McNeil AMChairThe Ethics CommitteeIn 2007, the Ethics Committee received a record 412 new ethics applications. These included 121 applications submitted under a new ‘low risk’ category,whereby institutions can establish their own mechanisms for reviewing research that involves only a low risk of harm to participants. The low risk reviewprocess is designed to reduce the workload on ethics committees so they can concentrate on higher risk research. The new National Statement on EthicalConduct in Human Research (2007), which provides guidelines for ethics committees and research institutions, outlines the criteria for low risk research.Any research that poses more than a low risk must still be reviewed by a Human Research Ethics Committee.With the large number of applications submitted to the Ethics Committee each month, it was decided to split the committee into two groups to reviewprojects concurrently. Each group is a fully constituted ethics committee, with one group reviewing health and social sciences projects and the other groupreviewing projects involving drugs and interventions. This initiative has resulted in shorter, less exhausting meetings and due consideration of all projects.The Committee reviewed a number of first-time-in-human (FTIH) applications. Reviews of such high risk research involve in-depth scrutiny of the scientificaspects of the research by the Research Review Committee and in most cases additional review by an external independent expert. For each such project,the Ethics Committee conducted an interview with the principal researcher about the scientific and ethical aspects of the research. Eleven FTIH applicationswere reviewed over the period and all were approved.Monitoring of ResearchA number of initiatives were implemented to improve the monitoring of research. These included a stricter progress reporting requirement and a revisedreport form, and the introduction of a self-audit tool. The self-audit tool has been designed to help researchers reflect on their research conduct and tocomply with guidelines for responsible research conduct. The Ethics Committee expects researchers to complete the self-audit tool annually.General Ethical IssuesThe General Ethical Issues Sub-committee considered a broad range of topics, ranging from issues of general public interest, to hospital-wide issues, tomatters relating to the ethical review and oversight of Alfred Health research.• Submissions were made to the NHMRC on the Ethical guidelines for the care of people in post-coma unresponsiveness (vegetative state) or a minimallyresponsive state, and to the Australian Law Reform Commission on the review of privacy legislation in Australia.• In September 2007, the Committee hosted a forum for researchers, Ethics Committee members, government representatives and other stakeholders todiscuss issues arising from changes to the Guardianship and Administration Act and the implications for research involving adult patients who lack thecapacity to consent.• The Committee reviewed and provided feedback on Alfred Health’s organ donation after cardiac death policy, which was expanded to includekidney donation.• Mechanisms to monitor the safety of research have been a major focus, with a policy for the independent monitoring of clinical trial safety and newadverse event reporting requirements being developed.• Another focus was reviewing and redeveloping the Ethics Committee’s and Ethics Office’s audit processes to ensure that research is being conducted inaccordance with ethical requirements once projects have commenced. One outcome of this was the self-audit tool referred to above.• Other issues related to research ethics included participant enrolment in simultaneous clinical trials, access to medical records for research purposes suchas screening for ‘recruits’ and drug company monitoring, sensitive questionnaire-based research, obtaining consent by telephone from family/‘personresponsible’, pharmacogenetic testing and appropriate participant information and consent documents, and standard wording for patient informationsheets explaining risky medical procedures. Where these discussions resulted in recommendations and guidelines (new or revised), these have beendisseminated via the Ethics Committee Newsletter, the Research and Ethics Unit website, and reports and presentations to relevant groups.Ethics CommitteeProfessor John McNeil (Chair)Roy Olliff (layman, Deputy Chair)Dr Stephen Duffy (Chair, Health and Social Science Group)Professor Mari Botti (nursing representative; Deputy Chair,Health and Social Science Group)Marta Ago (lawyer)Tracey Caulfield (laywoman)Fiona Ellis (lawyer)Dr Judith Frayne (member with knowledge ofprofessional care and treatment)Peter Gallagher (layman)A/Professor Richard Gerraty (member with knowledge ofrelevant research areas)Reverend Scott Holmes (minister of religion)Reverend Marilyn Hope (minister of religion)A/Professor David Hunt (member with knowledge ofrelevant research areas)Dr Michael Hurley (member with knowledge of professionalcare and treatment)Professor Colin Johnston (member with knowledge ofrelevant research areas)A/Professor Victor Kalff (member with knowledge ofprofessional care and treatment)Magda Karagiannakis (lawyer)Andrew Kauler (layman)Professor Paul Komesaroff (member with knowledge ofrelevant research areas)Professor Henry Krum (member with knowledge of relevantresearch areas)Maria McKenzie (member with knowledge of relevantresearch areas)Stephen Moloney (lawyer)6 THE 6 ALFRED ALLERGY, HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH AND ETHICS RESPIRATORY COMMITTEE MEDICINE

AMREPAnimal EthicsCommitteeTHE ALFRED HUMAN RESEARCH ETHICSCOMMITTEE CONTINUEDAssociate Professor Terri AllenChair, 2007Dr James Shaw (member with knowledge of relevantresearch areas)Sonya Waters (laywoman)Fran Westmore (laywoman)Dr Fran Wise (Caulfield Hospital representative, memberwith knowledge of professional care and treatment)Robyn Wright (nursing representative)Rabbi Dr Gershon Zylberman (minister of religion)Rowan Frew (Secretary)Dr Angela Henjak / Nicole Rosenow (Assistant to Secretary –Drugs and Interventions Group)Kordula Dunscombe / Tracey Scheller (Secretary – Healthand Social Science Group)General Ethical IssuesSub-committeeProfessor John McNeil (Chair)A/Professor Alison Street (Deputy Chair)Dr Susannah AhernTracey CaulfieldBrad Crammond from May 2008Reverend Marilyn HopeAndrew KaulerPeter GallagherProfessor Paul KomesaroffDr Phoebe MainlandKathryn Marshall (Caulfield Hospital Representative)Elizabeth Mullaly (Caulfield Hospital Representative) fromMay 2008Professor Jeffrey RosenfeldProfessor Graeme RyanDr Tim SuttonProfessor John WilsonMichelle WrightKordula Dunscombe (Secretary)Rowan Frew (Ethics Manager)Research Review CommitteeProfessor Colin Johnston (Chair)Professor Henry Krum (Deputy Chair)Dr Andrew DaviesDr Stephen DuffyDr Judith FrayneA/Professor Richard GerratyDr Andrew HaydonProfessor Jennifer HoyA/Professor Victor KalffAnne MakDr David McIlroyProfessor John McNeilDr James ShawDr Alan YoungRowan Frew (Secretary)Dr Angela Henjak / Nicole Rosenow (Assistant to Secretary)The AMREP Animal Ethics Committee (AEC)accepts responsibility for the care and/oruse of animals for scientific purposes forthe Baker Institute, Burnet Institute, MonashUniversity Central and Eastern ClinicalSchool, The Alfred, and biotechnologycompanies, Metabolic Pharmaceuticals andCytopia.The Bureau of Animal Welfare requiresthat all proposals to use live animals areassessed by a quorum of AEC members,meaning that at least one member fromeach of the following categories must bepresent: (A) veterinarian, (B) scientific, (C)animal welfare and (D) lay.Eighty five new applications were receivedand approved in 2007. Many applicants,particularly those who are new to AMREP,are routinely interviewed by the AEC.Modification applications and polyclonalantibody applications are not usuallysubject to interview. The animals usedduring the year were principally mice andrats, but a small number of rabbits, ducksand dogs were also used.In 2007, the ATHOS online AEC applicationsystem was significantly upgraded toprovide improved functionality. This hasled to improvements in the applicationprocess as the new system was specificallydeveloped to be quicker, easier and morecompatible with a variety of computersas well as producing shorter hard copyprintouts.The Precinct Animal Centre (PAC) ismonitored by the AEC and members areat liberty to inspect the animal facility atany time. The PAC veterinarian preparesmonthly reports to the AEC detailingany animal health issues. The report ismaintained in a database and providesinformation on the investigator responsiblefor the animals, the project number and theanimals’ history. As per the NHMRC Code ofPractice for the Care and Use of Animals forScientific Purposes, the continuation of allprojects is subject to written annual reportsto the AEC. Investigators must report onany adverse effects on the animals’ welfarethat were not addressed in the originalapplication and any problems that mayhave interfered with the progress of thestudy. Anything significant is followed upby the AEC and sometimes the protocol ismodified to address any problems. The PACManager also produces a monthly reporton experimental animal usage figures andgeneral running of the animal facility.The Bureau of Animal Welfare requires thatall animals involved in breeding, even ifnot used in an actual experiment, mustbe accounted for on annual animal returnforms. This has implications in the breedingof specific transgenic animals, the young ofwhich are culled if they have the incorrectgenotype. By having to account for all theyoung born, a more accurate usage ofanimals may be achieved.MembershipAssociate Professor Terri Allen (Chair)Dr Lynda Bonning (Veterinarian)Dr Daryl Hoffman (Veterinarian) from July 2007Dr Leonie Poulter (Animal welfare) to July 2007Dr Carole Webb (Animal welfare)Rachel Spiby (Animal welfare)Nicholas Kanarev (Animal welfare) from September2007Dr Helen Kiriazis (Scientific)Dr David Woollard (Scientific) to July 2007Michelle Gahan (Scientific) from July 2007Roy Burrows (Lay)Mary Klein (Lay)Patricia Keith (Lay) to April 2007Debra Ramsey (Animal Care – PAC Manager)David Spiteri (Animal Care)Tayfur Tecirlioglu (Animal Welfare Officer, MonashUniversity) from May 2007Paul Dover (Biosafety Representative)Leia Demtschyna (Secretary)ANAESTHESIA AND AMREP PERIOPERATIVE ANIMAL ETHICS MEDICINE COMMITTEE 7 7

ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINEIan Potter LibraryDirector: Professor Paul Myles MB BS, MPH, MD, FANZCAThe Ian Potter Library celebrated its fifth anniversary of operation in 2007. Located on theground floor of the AMREP Education Centre, the library provides a single integrated library andinformation service to all AMREP staff and students. Acting as the hub of the Alfred Health LibraryService, the Ian Potter Library also supports the local library services at Caulfield Hospital andSandringham Hospital.Supporting ResearchThe library organises its information resources to support patient care, educational training and research activities of the AMREP institutions. Supportingresearch is a major focus for the library, and keeping abreast of new research programs and developments is important. The Library Advisory Committeehas representatives from all of the AMREP institutions who advise on information services and resources required by research scientists and students. Keyresources include access to full-text electronic journals, bibliographical databases in biomedicine, technical monographs, specialist reference texts andoverseas document requests. The library also provides frequent training classes for using electronic resources in its computer training room.New Online ResourcesThe library has been able to steadily grow its range of available online resources including electronic journals, electronic books and full-text databases.In 2007, the library provided access to the database, MD Consult, which includes a variety of electronic journal and book resources. A popular resourcewithin MD Consult is the online Clinics of North America series. Resources focusing on medical research are also a target for new purchases. Examples in2007 include new online subscriptions to the journals, Current HIV Research and AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, to support research in theBurnet Institute.Education and TrainingLibrary staff members provide educational and training services. These range from providing library orientation lectures to nursing or medical students, toassisting PhD students with detailed searches for systematic reviews. Library users can either book to attend a hands-on training class, or make a time tomeet a librarian for an individual session. In 2007, the library provided 127 education sessions attended by a total 424 people. Topics included Medline,EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Internet and Health, Searching for Randomised Controlled Trials and Library E-Resources.Inter-Library SupportIt is true that no library is an island, and the Ian Potter Library is very fortunate to receive excellent support from the Monash University Library and the LaTrobe University Library. Both libraries support staffing as well as the purchase of books or journals for the collection. Monash and La Trobe students canelectronically request materials from university campus libraries to be sent to the Ian Potter Library via a daily courier system. Inter-library cooperationis essential to meet the needs of library users, by sharing information resources between libraries, and having good liaison for collection developmentdecisions.8 IAN POTTER LIBRARY

TRANSLATING RESEARCHINTO CLINICAL PRACTICETranslation of research findings into sustainable improvements in clinical practice and patient outcomes is themajor goal of clinical research. Described here are several examples of changes to clinical practice resultingdirectly from research conducted recently within the Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct.Identifying and Expressing the Major Allergen of Bahia Grass PollenResearch team: J Davies, D Mittag, K Symons, T Dang, J Rolland, R O’HehirMost people know that allergy to ryegrass pollen is a potent cause of allergic seasonal rhinitis(hay fever) in Melbourne. However, other grass pollens, such as those from Bahia grass (orPaspalum), are also important seasonal allergens. Bahia grass was introduced to Australiain the late 1950s for agricultural purposes and there are 13 kinds of local Paspalum grasses,including some that are common weeds in domestic gardens, public lawns and curb-sidenature strips.Skin prick testing for a variety of potential allergens at The AlfredAllergy ClinicIn the Allergy Clinic at The Alfred (part of the Department of Allergy, Immunology andRespiratory Medicine), many individuals that received ryegrass allergy desensitisation (viainjections) did not have complete resolution of their symptoms. Investigations, such asallergen skin prick testing, showed these patients were allergic not only to ryegrass pollen,but also to Bahia grass pollen. Bahia grass is a subtropical grass that pollinates from Springthrough to Autumn, giving many patients a prolonged severe response. Using the skin pricktest, it was found that in the Allergy Clinic, 85% of patients allergic to grass pollens had anallergy antibody to Bahia grass pollen. However, Bahia grass pollens had not been cloned orcharacterised.With initial grant support from Asthma Victoria, and subsequent support from the CRC for Asthma and Airways, NHMRC and The Alfred Research Trusts,the research team cloned and characterised the group 1 Bahia grass pollen allergen, Pas n 1. The newly cloned gene for Pas n 1 is a valuable reagentfor diagnosis, and will hopefully be a useful tool in the development of safe and effective specific immunotherapy for Bahia grass pollen allergy. Thesequence data is already helping Alfred researchers to identify the critical parts of the pollen allergen that will be needed to prepare a vaccine that doesnot carry the risk of causing allergic reactions itself. Like most grasses, Bahia has more than one major allergen, and the team is cloning and sequencingseveral other genes coding for allergic proteins with an aim to treat severe cases of Bahia grass allergy effectively.Branching of the Recurrent Laryngeal NervesResearch team: J Serpell, MJ Yeung, S Grodski, W Johnson, J SwannDuring operations on the thyroid gland for goitre, lumps andoveractive thyroids, it is essential to carefully dissect out andpreserve the recurrent laryngeal nerves on the right and leftsides. The recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies the small delicatemuscles of the larynx (voice box), which enable clear speechto occur. Damage to these nerves can result in a hoarse voice.This study has identified that the nerve is branched in between25 and 36 % of cases. Furthermore, the important nerve fibresthat supply the muscles of the larynx are located in the branchwhich is closest to the thyroid gland and therefore at most riskof surgical damage.This research has therefore raised awareness of the branchingand of the importance of the branch closest to the thyroidgland. The rate of hoarseness after thyroid operations, currentlyof the order of less than 1%, is expected to be reduced.Using the nerve stimulator to study the function of nerves important in thyroid surgery.TRANSLATING RESEARCH INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE 9

Early Detection and Management of Ischaemia-reperfusion Injury (Primary Graft Dysfunction)Research team: J Currey, D Pilcher, A Davies, C Scheinkestel, M Botti, T Oto, G SnellIn this study, a multidisciplinary team sought to determine the impactof implementing an evidence-based guideline for managing primarygraft dysfunction (PGD), a form of acute lung injury that developsin the first 72 hours after lung transplantation. PGD is graded from0 to 3, with Grades 2 and 3 associated with significant early andlate morbidity and mortality. The guideline, placed at each bedside,directed clinicians to manage patients’ respiratory and haemodynamicstatus until extubation. Implementation was supported with medicaland nursing education, in the form of lectures and bedside advice. Theimpact of its implementation on outcomes after lung transplantationwas studied prospectively and compared with a cohort of historicalcontrols.Results showed that a significantly lower proportion of patients inthe post-guideline group developed PGD Grades 2 and 3 at 48hours (18% post-guideline, 37% pre-guideline, p = 0.03). Thissuggests early detection and management of key respiratory andhaemodynamic parameters through the use of such a guidelinemay reduce the severity and incidence of PGD. The guideline itselfproved practical and useful, with only 18% of cases not managedaccordingly.For an evidence-based guideline to be effective in changing theprocess and improving the outcomes of care, multidisciplinary teammembers should be involved in the development, implementationand ongoing updating of the guideline. This guideline will continueto be reviewed and modified to incorporate new evidence as needed.Indeed, it was noted on a few occasions that, although respiratory andhaemodynamic parameters were acceptable to allow discontinuationof mechanical ventilation, extubation was delayed due to inadequateanalgesia. The guideline has been incorporated into standardpostoperative care for lung transplant recipients thereby ensuring thatpractice remains evidence-based.Research into Strategies to Reduce the Risks Associated with Intravenous Potassium ChlorideAdministrationResearch team: M Dooley, M Van De Vreede, S WilsonThe Alfred Pharmacy has been responsible for the conduct of a multicentre study to identify barriers to the uptake of potassium chloride premixedinfusions. Potassium chloride has been identified as a high-risk medication, with inadvertent bolus injections being potentially fatal.The Alfred has been instrumental in leading the national campaign to remove all concentrated potassium chloride ampoules from patient care areas.Subsequently, the Australian Council for Safety and Quality in Health Care issued a ‘Medication Safety Alert’ recommending the procedures implementedat The Alfred.The multicentre project has identified practices and staff attitudes towards the useof potassium chloride, particularly in specialty practice areas. It included:• a survey of current practices utilising potassium chloride at 23 Victorianhospitals• a survey of attitudes of over 930 staff towards potassium chloride at sixVictorian hospitals• details of near-miss events involving potassium chloride provided by hospitalstaff• an audit of current practice in specialty areas at six Victorian hospitals wherethe implementation of pre-mixed potassium chloride solutions has beendifficultThe results of this important work will have national impact and will influencefuture practices throughout Australia. It will also influence future potassium chlorideproducts manufactured in Australia.10 TRANSLATING RESEARCH INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE

Reduction in Hepatitis C-Related Liver Disease Associated with GB Virus C in HumanImmunodeficiency Virus CoinfectionResearch team: M Berzsenyi, DS Bowden, H Kelly, K Watson, A Mijch, R Hammond, S Crowe, S RobertsGB virus C (GBV-C) was first identified during the 1990s. It has been shown to be closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is transmitted bysexual contact or exposure to blood. This virus infects lymphocytes, in particular T-cells. A number of studies performed in HIV-infected individuals havesuggested that GBV-C infection is associated with an improvement in morbidity and mortality and slower progression to AIDS. Despite the similaritiesbetween GBV-C and HCV, no influence on HCV mono-infection has been identified.Research based in the Gastroenterology Department at The Alfred has shown that active GBV-C infection is associated with a reduction in HCV-related liverdisease in HCV/HIV co-infection (Berzsenyi et al., Gastroenterology 2007;133:1821-30). The effect of GBV-C infection on HCV-related liver disease andsurvival among 158 HIV/HCV co-infected individuals was investigated. Active GBV-C infection was associated with significant reduction in HCV-relatedliver disease, in particular a reduction in both compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Scarring of the liver as well as some of the complicationsof advanced liver disease were also significantly reduced in the GBV-C infected subjects. However, active GBV-C infection had no effect on liver-relatedsurvival or overall survival in this study.Work currently under way suggests that the presence of GBV-C alters the activation of critical genes involved in the immune response within T-cellsresident in the liver. This may represent a mechanism for the effect of GBV-C on liver disease in HCV/HIV coinfection and, in time, could lead to a newtherapeutic approach.Development of cirrhosis according to GBV-C RNA. A significant reduction in the proportion of individuals who developed cirrhosis either compensated or decompensated wasassociated with active GBV-C in Kaplan-Meier estimates as a function of days from diagnosis of HCV infection (P=0.006) and days from diagnosis of HIV infection (P=0.006).The duration of known HIV infection was longer than known HCV infection.Conformal Radiation Study Improves Prostate Cancer TreatmentResearch team: J Millar, M Dally, B Matheson, S May, K Fox, N Cross, R Smith, E Scerba, M BrownAssociate Professor Jeremy Millar in front of one of the four precision high energy linearaccelerators used in modern image-guided and high-dose radiation treatments at the WilliamBuckland Radiotherapy Centre.Radiation treatment for prostate cancer involves administering ashigh a dose of radiation to the cancer in the prostate as safelypossible. This is done on a daily basis for six or seven weeks.The higher the amount of radiation that is delivered, the higher thecure rates. However, higher amounts of radiation can also causeincreased side effects because of the collateral damage caused bythe radiation to the parts of the body surrounding the prostate. Thisproblem is exacerbated because the prostate is not easily accessibleand because it can move around, depending on the state of theman’s bladder and bowel. Standard radiation treatment practice isto add a margin to the volume of the body targeted, to account forthese day-to-day uncertainties.The Alfred’s William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre (WBRC) wasa major participant in an international Conformal Radiation Trial,overseen by the British Medical Research Council. The trial showedthat safe higher radiation doses lead to better control rates of prostatecancer. In this study, men were treated with either the standardamount of radiation (64 Gray; Gray is the measurement unit forradiation dose) or an escalated dose (74 Gray). At The Alfred,medical physicists and radiation therapists worked with radiationoncologists to devise techniques to safely administer the escalateddose. After an average follow-up of just over five years, men treated with the higher dose were found to be about 30% less likely than those treated withthe lower dose to have progressive prostate cancer. As a result of this study, and two other similar randomised trials published recently, WBRC has movedto use higher radiation doses safely, and the departmental results audit is now yielding better results with the improved treatment. The results of this studywere published in Lancet Oncology in 2007.TRANSLATING RESEARCH INTO CLINICAL PRACTICE 11

Multiple breath nitrogenwashout machine, usedto measure heterogeneityin ventilation within theacinar and conductivezones of the lung.ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINEDirector: Professor Robyn O’Hehir BSc, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, FRCPathClinical Director: Associate Professor Trevor Williams MBBS, MD, FRACPThe Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine (AIRmed)has a comprehensive spectrum of expertise that is unique in Australiaand covers clinical and basic allergy and advanced adult lung diseases,including severe asthma, emphysema, interstitial lung diseases, sleepapnoea, cystic fibrosis (CF), pulmonary vascular disease, adult andpaediatric lung transplantation. AIRmed emphasises integration of clinicalservices with extensive human and experimental research programs, linkingsenior clinician scientists, bench scientists, allied health professionals,primary care physicians and the community.Clinically driven hypotheses in allergy and respiratory medicine directthe laboratory-based human research and subsequent translation intochanges in current best practice for improved health outcomes. The clinicaland academic base of AIRmed is located at The Alfred hospital, withexperimental and clinical research laboratories located within AMREP andlinked to Monash University.The department has an active biomedical and clinical research program,with excellent success in NHMRC, Cooperative Research Centre andother competitive research funding. Numerous publications and speakinginvitations are indicative of the high international and national profiles ofsenior personnel.AIRmed is committed to delivering outstanding best practice clinical care,outcome driven professional education and community outreach, andtranslational research of international acclaim.Departmental Highlights• Associate Professor Jo Douglass was appointed Director ofUndergraduate Teaching Programs, Central & Eastern Clinical School,Monash University• Professor Robyn O’Hehir was awarded a $300,000 grant from the IlhanFood Allergy Foundation (2007-2009) to research an immunotherapyvaccine for peanut allergy• Dr Nicole Mifsud was awarded an NHMRC Peter Doherty TrainingFellowship (2007-2009)• Professor Robyn O’Hehir was appointed Chair, NHMRC Programs• Dr Glen Westall and Susannah King successfully completed their PhDdegrees; Associate Professor Greg Snell completed his MD• Professor John Wilson and Professor Trevor Williams were awardedHonorary Professorships in the Department of Medicine, MonashUniversity• Vanessa Kelly and Anh Nguyen were awarded Asthma CRC PhDscholarships• Professor Robyn O’Hehir was designated one of ‘10 of the Best – GreatMinds in Australian Research’ by NHMRC• NHMRC Project Grant success: AIRmed staff are chief investigators onfour new Project Grants: Dr Charles Hardy, Associate Professor TomKotsimbos, Professor Robyn O’Hehir, Associate Professor JenniferRolland (Monash University Department of Immunology), AssociateProfessor Greg Snell, Dr Bruce Thompson, Professor John Wilson• ARC Linkage Grant awarded to Professor John Wilson• Dr Janet Davies’ research on cloning the major allergen of Bahia grasswas awarded the Paul Clarke Poster Prize at the Australasian Society ofClinical Immunology and Allergy meeting.AIRmed 1: Lung Transplant ServiceHead: Associate Professor Greg SnellThe service is one of the largest in the world, performing 3% of all lungtransplants worldwide and covering the southern Australian states and NewZealand. It has strong links to clinical programs in severe interstitial lungdisease, pulmonary hypertension and severe chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease (COPD) and has recently established a Paediatric Lung TransplantService.Current Projects• Evaluation of mechanisms and predictors of chronic allograft rejectionwith emphasis on airway remodelling and investigation of novelstrategies for prevention and reversal• Immunological and clinical evaluation of viral (cytomegalovirus) andchlamydia infections• Human donor lung ex vivo resuscitation• Ex vivo evaluation of humanised transgenic GAL knockout porcine lungs• Randomised, placebo-controlled drug trials of conventional and noveltherapeutics in pulmonary hypertension and interstitial lung disease• Investigation of bronchoscopic interventional treatment for emphysemaby valve, decompression airway stents and bronchial thermal ablationtechniques• Evaluation of emphysema using sound wave analysis.12 ALLERGY, NURSINGIMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

AIRmed 2: Cystic Fibrosis ServiceHead: Professor John WilsonThe Alfred Cystic Fibrosis Service, a State Centre of Excellence, cares for theneeds of over 250 patients. The service is actively engaged in clinical andbasic research on stem cell therapies, host organism interaction, airwayremodelling, nutritional needs, airway function and psychosocial issues.Current Projects• Stem cell sciences in advanced lung disease: potential role of stem celltherapy in CF• Evaluation of characteristics of airway remodelling and growth factors inCF• Role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in renal injury in CF• Effect of enhanced nutrition and anti-reflux therapy on clinical andphysiological outcomes• Evaluation of nocturnal hypoxia and consequences for outcomes in CF• The use of electronic health records to audit clinical outcomes• Survey of needs to develop improved care models including palliativecare.AIRmed 3: General Respiratory and SleepMedicine ServiceHead: Associate Professor Matthew NaughtonThe General Respiratory Service cares for patients with general respiratorydiseases including pneumonia, COPD, acute and chronic respiratoryfailure, post-ICU recovery, tracheostomy care, interstitial lung diseases andlung cancer. The Sleep Medicine Service manages acute and chronic sleeprelated breathing disorders across a wide cross-section of pulmonary,cardiac and neurological conditions.Current Projects• Characterisation of sleep disordered breathing in heart failure and impactof ventilatory support in mortality• Role of non-invasive ventilation in CF: impact on disease outcomes• Non-invasive ventilation support (acute and chronic)• Role of sleep disorders in motor vehicle collisions• Development of new management algorithms for sleep disorderedbreathing• Premature lung disease in marijuana smokers• Development of smoking cessation courses.Current Projects• Asthma in the ageing population• Immunomodulation: clinical studies and immunological mechanisms• Clinical and laboratory studies of drug allergy• Couch grass allergy and mechanisms of effective allergenimmunotherapy• Immunological and molecular characterisation of peanut allergens• Latex allergy: development of an effective immunotherapy vaccine• Investigation of mechanisms of subcutaneous injection and sublingualallergen immunotherapy• Transition to adult care in adolescents with primary immunodeficiencydisorders.Physiology ServiceLaboratory Head: Dr Bruce ThompsonThe Lung Function Laboratory underpins many of AIRmed’s clinical and researchprograms. It takes a leading role in the evaluation of new diagnostictests and lung function testing devices.Current Projects• Novel non-invasive measures of small airways disease in asthma,bronchiolitis obliterans and CF• Delivery devices for bronchoprovocation studies• Predicting lung function in a normal Australian population• Measurement of ventilatory inhomogeneity in the periphery of the lung inpremature lambs• Phase II studies of Bronchitol in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis• Phase II study to investigate mannitol challenge as a tool to predicttreatment response to inhaled corticosteroids in COPD.Lung Health Promotion CentreCoordinator: Adrienne JamesThis centre, which is unique in Australia, provides innovative educationprograms and resources for health professionals in all aspects ofrespiratory disease but particularly asthma and the development of smokingcessation programs.Postgraduate Students1 MD student9 PhD studentsPublications62 journal articles1 book chapterAIRmed 4: Allergy, Asthma and ClinicalImmunology ServiceHead: Associate Professor Jo DouglassThe service cares predominantly for patients with asthma and allergicdiseases but also incorporates care of patients with immunoglobulindeficiencies. Clinical care is integrated with basic and clinical research. Theservice includes a node of the Co-operative Research Centre for Asthma andAirways.ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY THE MEDICINE AMREP 13

From left: Margaret Quayle,Dr David McIlroy, SophieWallace, Professor PaulMyles and Kathryn Fraser.ANAESTHESIA AND PERIOPERATIVE MEDICINEDirector: Professor Paul Myles MBBS, MD, MPH, FANZCAThe Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine providesanaesthesia, pain management, resuscitation (including trauma) andreferral services for The Alfred hospital and Alfred Health. The departmentplays an active role in Monash University medical student education andhas a busy and dynamic research unit. The department employs over 40accredited registrars; each registrar must complete a formal project aspart of their Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA)training. In 2007, ten projects were completed.The research unit is funded by several large NHMRC grants. Also, ProfessorMyles is supported by an NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship and the NHMRCCentre of Clinical Research Excellence in Therapeutics. Staff include SeniorLecturers Dr David McIlroy and Dr James Tomlinson, Research ManagerSophie Wallace, and Research Assistants Margaret Quayle, Andrea Ditoroand Kathryn Fraser.Departmental HighlightsIn 2007 Paul Myles received an Honorary Fellowship of the Royal Collegeof Anaesthetists (UK) and Sophie Wallace graduated with a Master ofPublic Health from Monash University.Invited international presentations included:• Alex Konstantatos and John Reeves (Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, China)• Mark Buckland (Tongariro Cardiac Surgery Meeting, New Zealand)• Paul Myles (Canadian Anesthesiologists’ Society Annual Meeting; AsianSociety of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia, India; King Khalid University,Saudi Arabia)ResearchENIGMA Trial (Professor Paul Myles)The Evaluation of Nitrous Oxide in the Gas Mixture for Anaesthesia(ENIGMA) Trial is a recently completed study in 2,050 patients and waspublished in Anaesthesiology in August 2007 with an accompanyingeditorial. The trial identified some serious complications associated withnitrous oxide. The results enabled the researchers to formulate a hypothesisto support further trials looking at nitrous oxide administration duringanaesthesia in high risk patient groups.ENIGMA-II Trial (Professor Paul Myles) www.enigma2.org.auOne of the department’s largest research initiatives is to investigate thesafety of nitrous oxide in 7,000 patients with risk factors for coronary arterydisease undergoing major surgery. This study received a $2.8 millionNHMRC Project Grant and is coordinated by the department and the ANZCATrials Group. Commencing in May 2007, this international, multicentre trialhas collaborators in Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Canada, USA,India, Saudi Arabia, UK, Switzerland and Singapore.ATACAS Trial (Professor Paul Myles) www.atacas.org.auThe Aspirin and Tranexamic Acid for Coronary Artery Surgery (ATACAS)Trial is a large multicentre, randomised, controlled trial investigatingwhether aspirin or tranexamic acid, or both, should be used in peoplehaving coronary bypass surgery. Despite some concern that recent aspiriningestion increases blood loss after coronary artery surgery, there issome evidence that it may reduce thrombotic complications. In contrast,antifibrinolytic drugs can reduce blood loss in this setting, but there isconcern that these may increase thrombotic complications. This NHMRCand ANZCA funded trial is coordinated by the department and the ANZCATrials Group, and aims to enrol 4,600 patients. The protocol has been peerreviewed and published in the American Heart Journal. Collaborating sitesinclude hospitals in the UK, India and Canada.Endothelial Function Study (Dr David McIlroy)Endothelial dysfunction is a recognised predictor of intermediate-termadverse cardiac outcomes in a non-surgical population. This prospectivepilot study of 80 patients will investigate the utility of endothelial dysfunctionfor predicting adverse perioperative cardiac events in high-risk electivesurgery, both alone and in addition to currently used risk stratificationmodels. The study has received an ANZCA research grant.IMASH Trial (Dr Winifred Burnet)The Intravenous Magnesium in Acute Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (IMASH)Trial is a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind, multicentre trialto evaluate the effect of intravenous magnesium sulphate infusion on theclinical outcome of patients with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage.IV Paracetamol Trial (Dr Alex Konstantatos)Intravenous paracetamol has been shown to provide better efficacyand more reliable analgesia than other methods of administration. Thisrandomised, double blind, placebo controlled study was conducted in2007 in 145 day surgical patients.Postgraduate Students2 Masters students2 PhD studentsPublications11 journal articles14 14 ANAESTHESIA ALLERGY, AND IMMUNOLOGY PERIOPERATIVE AND MEDICINE RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

Injured rat mesentericarterioles viaphotoactivation ofsystemically administeredRose Bengal stain. Plateletinteractions with growingthrombi are visualised bydifferential interferencecontrast microscopy.AUSTRALIAN CENTRE FOR BLOOD DISEASESHead: Professor Hatem Salem MD, FRACPDiseases of the blood are an important cause of ill-health and death inour society. These diseases include disorders of blood clotting, variousanaemias, and blood cancers such as leukaemias and lymphomas.The aim of the Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD) is to be aleading national and international blood diseases centre with recognisedresearch, treatment and educational programs for blood diseases. ACBD isaffiliated with Monash University, The Alfred, Eastern Health and SouthernHealth.The objectives of ACBD are to:• provide leadership in the advancement of knowledge of blood diseases• establish an information resource for medical practitioners and thegeneral public• apply and commercialise discoveries that arise from basic research inblood• act as an advisory body to State and Federal Governments• raise the centre’s national and international profile by attracting leadingclinicians and researchers.The basic research program is at the cutting edge of clinical medicine. Staffactively pursue basic research into the causation and treatment of a varietyof blood disorders, including clotting problems and blood cancers. Thesefundamental studies will ensure that patients with blood diseases receivethe latest and most innovative diagnostic evaluation and treatments.Serpin Biology UnitHead: Associate Professor Paul CoughlinThe prevention and treatment of blood clots is a delicate act: too muchanti-platelet or anti-coagulant therapy can lead to unwanted bleeding, whilefibrinolytic therapy can cause brain damage. The unit examines alternativeways of treating and preventing blood clots by focusing on the serpin(serine protease inhibitor) superfamily of proteins. The role serpins play indiseases such as lymphoma is also being examined.Current ProjectsStructural and functional studies on the interaction between antiplasminand plasminThe principal mediator of clot lysis is the serine protease, plasmin. Thisenzyme is regulated by a member of the serpin family, antiplasmin. Adetailed understanding of the interactions between these two proteins willopen the way to therapeutic manipulation of fibrinolysis to treat thrombosis.We have recently solved the X-ray crystal structure of antiplasmin and arecontinuing to examine plasmin-antiplasmin binding sites.• Analysis of the interaction between the C-terminus of antiplasmin andthe kringle domains of plasmin• Structural analysis of the interaction between antiplasmin and plasminby X-ray crystallography.Centerin: a new marker for germinal centre B cellsThe serpin, centerin, is expressed exclusively in germinal centre B cells. Arecombinant form of centerin was expressed and shown to be an efficientinhibitor of trypsin-like proteases. In addition, a monoclonal antibody tocenterin was produced and a detailed immunohistochemical analysis ofnormal and pathological tissues performed. Centerin was shown to be auseful marker for lymphomas of germinal centre cell origin.Thrombosis Research UnitHead: Professor Shaun JacksonPlatelets are small, specialised blood cells that work to stop bleedingfollowing a vascular injury (haemostasis). Haemostasis is initiated byadhesion of platelets to damaged vessel walls, culminating in the formationof a platelet plug. Ironically, when triggered within diseased blood vessels,this normally protective haemostasis becomes exaggerated and results inan abnormal platelet plug that blocks blood flow through the vessel (arterialthrombosis). Thus, platelets represent a key ingredient in the developmentof blood clots (thrombosis) that lead to diseases such as heart attacksand strokes. No other single cell type is responsible for as much death anddisability as the platelet and, as a consequence, it represents a major targetfor therapeutic intervention. The growing awareness of the importance ofplatelets in cardiovascular diseases is reflected in the increasing numberof patients receiving anti-platelet therapy. There are, however, significantdrawbacks with existing platelet therapies, such as unwanted excessivebleeding and resistance towards the therapy in some patients.The unit aims to further understand the basic principles surroundingnormal haemostasis, with the ultimate goal to discover a ‘magic bullet’that selectively targets pathological thrombosis without compromisinghaemostasis. The laboratory has also expanded its research toacknowledge the broadening role of platelets in various pathologicalprocesses and disease states.Current Projects• Biochemical signals regulating platelet function (PI3-kinase, Dok2, filamin)ANAESTHESIA AUSTRALIAN AND CENTRE PERIOPERATIVE FOR BLOOD MEDICINE DISEASES 15

• Biophysical signals regulating platelet function (shear, rheology)• Platelet receptors and their roles in haemostasis and thrombosis (GPIb-IX-V, integrin α IIbβ 3, protease activated receptors)• Defining the roles of platelet protease-activated receptors in thrombosis• Examination of a role for type II PI3Ks in haemostasis and thrombosis• Platelet reactivity and apoptosis• Platelet contractility and thrombus stability• Platelets in diabetes• Platelets in inflammation.Fibrinolysis and Gene Regulation UnitHead: Associate Professor Robert MedcalfThe removal of blood clots from the circulation and the turnover ofextracellular matrix proteins is facilitated by specialised enzymes. One ofthe most important enzymes in this setting is plasmin, the end product ofthe fibrinolytic system. Plasmin performs many functions but it is generallyaccepted that its primary role is to degrade fibrin, the structural scaffold of ablood clot.The generation of plasmin from its inactive precursor, plasminogen, ismediated by enzymes known as tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)and urokinase (u-PA). These enzymes are used clinically to remove bloodclots in patients with myocardial infarction and, under limited conditions,in patients with ischaemic stroke. The proteolytic activity of t-PA and u-PAis regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2. Theplasminogen activating system also actively participates in cell movement,wound healing and the metastatic spread of cancer.There is now clear evidence that the plasminogen activating systemplays a role in the central nervous system. Indeed, t-PA has been shownto influence a role in cognitive memory and visual processing. Underpathological conditions, t-PA can promote neurodegeneration, ischaemicstroke and traumatic brain injury.Efforts are focused on the regulation of expression of individual componentsof the plasminogen activating system at the levels of transcription, mRNAaccumulation and protein production. A study has been initiated into therole of the plasminogen activating system (particularly t-PA) in the centralnervous system and how t-PA modulates neuronal function and influencesthe blood brain barrierCurrent Projects• Regulation of t-PA activator gene expression in neuronal cells in vitro• The role of t-PA and other plasminogen activators in the central nervoussystem• The role of t-PA during traumatic brain injury (collaborative project withthe National Trauma Research Institute)• Post transcriptional regulation of PAI-2 gene expression.Malignant Haematology & Stem CellTransplantationHead: Associate Professor Andrew SpencerA diverse range of translational and clinical research activities exploringimproved therapeutic approaches to a variety of blood cancers continued.Myeloma Research Group• In vitro evaluation of azacitidine in multiple myeloma• Small molecule development program• Clinical and immunohistochemical features associated with response tobortezomib in multiple myeloma• Cell adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR).Immunotherapy Group• Cytomegalovirus immunity for use in adoptive immunotherapy afterhaemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)• HB1 antigen to generate anti-leukaemic responses• The role of natural killer cells and HLA-E in the recovery of patients afterHSCT• Expression of the calcitonin receptor on leukaemia cells.Leukaemia Group and Tissue Bank• The role in drug resistance of various anti-apoptotic proteins in acutemyeloid leukaemia (AML) using a large panel of genetically modifiedhuman AML cell lines• Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service TissueBank.Clinical Trials ProgramClinical trial activities remained high during 2007, with 30 active phase 1,2 and 3 trials mainly on multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma andchronic myeloid leukaemia.Eastern Clinical Research Unit (ECRU)Clinical Research Trials DivisionThe Eastern Clinical Research Unit (ECRU) is an initiative of the MonashUniversity Department of Medicine and is based at Box Hill Hospital,Maroondah Hospital and, more recently, The Alfred. ECRU has beeninvolved in clinical trials since 1996 and has consolidated its position asthe premier clinical research facility in Australia. ECRU employs over 40medical and nursing staff who are involved in the management of over 180clinical trials in both medical and surgical specialties.ECRU BiotechnologyECRU Biotechnology (ECRU Biotech), headed by Dr Anthony Dear, aimsto expand the capabilities of ECRU beyond clinical research to a betterunderstanding of the activity of existing pharmaceuticals and developmentof new and better treatments. Active contributors to ECRU Biotech includemembers of several clinical disciplines at ECRU, including endocrinology,neurology and oncology.Selected ECRU Biotechnology Collaborative Projects• Synthesis of novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors for assessmentin in vivo models of cancer and vascular disease (Associate ProfessorPatrick Perlmutter, Department of Chemistry, Monash University)• Assessment of novel HDAC inhibitors in in vivo models of abdominalaortic aneurysm and neointimal hyperplasia (Associate Professor RobertWiddop, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University)• In vivo characterisation of novel HDAC inhibitors in breast cancertreatment (Dr Robin Anderson, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre)• Effects of novel HDAC inhibitors on latent HIV expression (ProfessorSharon Lewin, Alfred Hospital and Burnet Institute, and Dr DavidRhodes, AVEXA Pty Ltd)• Effects of novel HDAC inhibitors and azacytidine in the myelodysplasticsyndrome (Associate Professor Joe McKendrick, Department ofOncology, Box Hill Hospital, and Professor Giuseppe Leone and DrMaria Teresa Voso, Catholic University, Rome, Italy)• Characterisation of effects of liraglutide on vascular endothelial peptideexpression in an in vitro model of the metabolic syndrome (Dr LotteKnudsen, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark).Postgraduate Students6 PhD studentsPublications37 journal articles1 book chapter16 AUSTRALIAN CENTRE FOR BLOOD DISEASES

Professor Simon Stewart(left), Head of PreventativeCardiology, leads innovativecommunity screening andmanagement programs inheart disease.Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteDirector: Professor Garry Jennings AM, MBBS, MD, FRCP, FRACP, FAHAEmeritus Director: Professor Paul Zimmet AO, MD, PhD, FRACP, FRCP, FACE, FAFPHMIn 2008, the Baker Heart Research Institute joined forces with theInternational Diabetes Institute to create the Baker IDI Heart andDiabetes Institute. Nineteen million dollars from the Victorian and federalgovernments to support the merger, along with the support of major donorsand benefactors, have made possible the creation of an extensive range ofnew research and clinical service facilities that have set the new institute upfor an exciting future. The merger will create an organisation with almost600 people that responds to our most important emerging health needs.The new institute is the nation’s first multi-disciplinary organisation thatwill tackle the deadly trio of obesity, diabetes and heart disease throughresearch, education and patient care. Independently, the two mergingorganisations have been international leaders in their fields, and the newinstitute is committed to finding solutions to these health problems, whichpose the greatest threat to health and productivity in Australia and aroundthe world.The work of both participating organisations will continue – researchinto heart disease, diabetes and their complications, and large-scalecommunity-based studies into diabetes, heart disease, metabolic disordersand exercise. Patient care, a hallmark of IDI under the stewardship ofProfessor Paul Zimmet since the 1970s, will continue to be a priority forthe new institute. The clinics will move from their Caulfield site to newfacilities at AMREP in 2010. However, active links on several major jointresearch projects have already been forged between researchers of the twoinstitutes.The vision of the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute is to mitigate therise in deaths and disability from diabetes, metabolic disease, obesityand their endgame, cardiovascular disease. We will meet that objectivein a range of ways that ultimately provide new discoveries to inform thehealth system. At one end of the continuum is fundamental research. At theother end of our research spectrum is the development of highly practicalbut innovative programs for the health system and new treatments tocomplement them. Here in Australia, our work will lift the nation’s currentappalling projected rates of diabetes and heart disease and, in so doing,provide an international model, setting an example of the direct andpractical benefits to the community of scientific and health care researchconducted in a structured and creative environment.Applying these different research cultures, disciplines and skills to thesame set of health problems allows us to broaden our existing activitiesinto the very difficult and complex problems in diabetes and cardiovasculardisease, particularly their prevalence in indigenous communities inAustralia and in developing nations around the world.The Baker has 80 proud years of medical innovation behind it and IDIhas been the single most important force in bringing world attention torising rates of diabetes. Baker IDI takes this experience, commitment andexpertise into a new generation of medical research. The new mergedinstitute has an unparalleled opportunity to confront the most seriousdiseases plaguing our community in a way that investigates risk factorsfrom the earliest stages – pregnancy and maternal health – right through tochronic disease later in life.By addressing our research into health and disease as a continuum, ratherthan a series of unrelated life events, we seek to help people avoid whathas been seen in the past as an inevitable next stage in their progressionto the next stage of disease. We can seek to reduce risk factors byunderstanding their relationship with early life and with lifestyle; we can tryto arrest the development of risk factors to disease by early intervention;and we can attempt to prevent the onset of chronic, currently untreatable,disease by striving to better understand the interplay between conditionssuch as heart failure and early preventative steps.Onset of debilitating disease rarely occurs without some early warningsigns. These warning signs and why they are apparent in some peopleand not in others is a strong focus of our research, as is dealing with andunderstanding more progressed disease stages.Our research encompasses molecular and cellular biology, basic research;community education and disease prevention work and clinical services;research into life saving and life enhancing devices and other therapies;and training of the next generation of scientists.New FacilitiesWhile the important research conducted to date under two separatebanners will continue, the merger is making it possible to extend ourresearch activities and for a greater array of community health problems toBAKER IDI HEART AND DIABETES INSTITUTE 17

e tackled. In particular, new facilities will be opened that will:• Explore the basic, cellular mechanisms that underlie the development ofobesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease• Develop methods for early detection of individuals at risk of themetabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity• House a new metabolic laboratory to develop and evaluate the mosteffective lifestyle intervention strategies• Develop and evaluate the most effective drug therapies for obesity, Type2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease when lifestyle interventions fail• Continue the outstanding work of the Baker IDI unit in Alice Springs,through which we are seeking to reduce the health inequalities that existbetween indigenous and non-indigenous Australians, and reduce therates of premature mortality in Aboriginal communities.Major Research ThemesResearch at Baker IDI is divided into the following themes:• Population Studies and Health Profiling• Metabolism and Obesity• Diabetic Complications• Vascular Disease and Hypertension• Cardiology and Therapeutics• Health Services.Each of these areas has a team of senior researchers working inlaboratories, clinics and the community investigating the effect of diabetes,obesity and heart disease as well as the risk factors for these diseases.Much effort and concentration is focused on understanding genetic links inthese diseases – why some people are more at risk of their developmentthan others and also, importantly, why some people suffer seriouscomplications and others are less likely to do so.Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetic ComplicationsSome research projects under way across the institute in the areas ofMetabolic Syndrome and Diabetes include:• The development of drugs to increase the activity of antioxidant enzymesto reduce the effects of diabetes• The identification of a master molecular controller responsible for turninggenes “on” and “off” and how this master switch underpins diabetic andmetabolic disease• How health and disease in one generation modifies genes and affectsthe next generation, predisposing infants to diabetes and obesity• Community-based research understanding the incidence ofsymptomless kidney disease in Type 2 diabetes patients• The comparison of measurements of advanced glycation end products(AGEs) and other markers of inflammation and oxidative stressin people with diabetes, in an effort to predict the development ofcardiovascular disease• The development of a new drug with the ability to reverse the detrimentaleffects of AGEs in the body, responsible for many of the diseases causedby diabetes• The way key regulatory molecules that control cell differentiation areactivated; research is showing that this damaging process can occur asa result of high glucose levels• The effectiveness of drug treatments in diabetic atherosclerosis, as wellas the effectiveness of dietary interventions in the prevention of thiscondition• Identification of genetic or other factors in the blood that might protectagainst diabetic complications• The complexity of the metabolic changes that precede diabetes and thedevelopment of medication to mimic the effects of exercise in the body• Understanding that the “stickiness” of diseased blood vessels canbe caused by molecules called proteoglycans, and their role in thedevelopment of atherosclerosis• Investigation of a wide range of biomarkers in the blood and theirpresence in disease and in health• Studies of genes and their products that are altered as a consequence ofobesity and diabetes, and how the body is altered on a molecular levelby these diseases• The role of the protein molecule CDA1 in diabetic complications andhow increasing its levels can stop cell division.Vascular Disease and Hypertension, and Cardiology andTherapeuticsIn the areas of Vascular Disease and Hypertension, and Cardiology andTherapeutics some research now under way includes:• New surgical treatments for the problem of atrial fibrillation (AF), anincreasingly common cardiac arrhythmia• The development of better-targeted treatments for blood pressureregulation through ongoing studies of the renin-angiotensin system• Investigation of the neural control of the cardiovascular system duringthe onset of obesity and other metabolic disorders, and the mechanismsthat cause cardiovascular diseases through environmental factorsinfluencing the central nervous system• Investigation of the link between different forms of stress and heartdisease, including the link between panic disorder and heart disease,and the effects of two different types of treatment: cognitive behaviouraltherapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication• The role of a regulatory T cell, a specific cell type of the immune system,and its importance in controlling the development of atherosclerosis• The development of a drug therapy that will halt the formation ofatherosclerotic plaques by preventing changes in proteoglycans, proteinmolecules that exist in the blood vessel wall• Understanding the pathway within the body that is responsible forremoving cholesterol from the blood vessel wall, known as reversecholesterol transport• The effects of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of Marfan syndrome, aconnective tissue disorder• Studies of the enlarged heart (cardiac hypertrophy), and why it isbeneficial to athletes but a harmful development in heart failure• Investigations of the effects of diabetes on the muscle of the heart andhow diabetes contributes to heart disease• The relationship between the kidneys and the sympathetic nervoussystem, and the neural control of high blood pressure• The effects of the hormone relaxin on fibrotic heart tissue and how itmight improve the ability of a failing heart to pump blood• Better cardiac surgical techniques, including a novel, non-surgicalmethod for mitral valve repair• The design of therapies that may regenerate hearts that have failed andhow the muscle might be rebuilt to make it function better• The study of mechanisms whereby the heart responds to stimulationand how these processes contribute to heart disease• Ways to eliminate the risk of rupture of the ventricular wall, a deadlycomplication of heart attack.Population Health and Clinical HealthOther studies at Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute involve large-scalecommunity studies that examine the link between disease and lifestyle andunderstanding those communities most at risk of obesity, heart disease anddiabetes. Several of our researchers are conducting their studies in urban,rural and remote Australian communities as well as in developing nations.18 BAKER IDI HEART AND DIABETES INSTITUTE

Some studies under way in our Population Health and Clinical Health areasinclude:• AusDiabThis is the largest Australian longitudinal population-based studyexamining the natural history of diabetes, pre-diabetes (in whichglucose metabolism is impaired but not to the level to cause diabetes),heart disease and kidney disease. The baseline study conducted in1999-2000 provided benchmark national data on the prevalence ofdiabetes, obesity, hypertension and kidney disease in Australia. Thesecond phase of AusDiab, completed in December 2005, is a fiveyear follow-up of the people who participated in the baseline survey.The results of the follow-up provide a unique picture of the incidence ofdiabetes, cardiovascular disease and kidney disease over five years,and allow us to improve our understanding of the factors that increasethe risk of these conditions.AusDiab is a field survey involving both physical testing as well asquestionnaires. A team of researchers went to each of the 42 randomlyselected testing sites around Australia to individually test each ofthe 11,247 individuals who participated in the baseline study in1999-2000. Six and a half thousand of these original participantscame back to attend a similar survey five years later in 2004-2005. Inaddition, self-reported health information was obtained from more than2000 of those who could not attend the survey site. Plans are underway for a 10-year follow-up of the AusDiab participants in 2009-10,allowing an unprecedented opportunity to map the changing impactthat diabetes, heart disease and kidney disease have on the Australianpopulation.• Healthy HeartsThis program, supported by the Rotary Club of Melbourne and RotaryClubs Victoria, involves cardiovascular risk and disease screening inregional and rural Victoria. A mobile van, an Australian-first, providesa mobile risk assessment service and carries testing facilities usuallyonly available in clinics and hospitals. This 18-month program testslocal industry and the general public in the state’s most vulnerablecommunities, where access to cardiology services and GPs is poor.Cardiovascular risk profiling includes: blood pressure, blood samples,ECG testing, arterial stiffness testing and a range of other healthmeasurements. Participants are also asked to provide information suchas age, gender, occupation, marital status, medical history, and heightand weight measurements. Participants are given their results andencouraged to take this information to their local doctor.Along with these advanced individual assessments, the Healthy Heartsteam performs general community awareness programs targetinglocal community groups, schools and local industry groups. Oncethe data from each community is collected, a region-specific, detailedreport is prepared for feedback to locals. Data collected in each regionis increasing our understanding of heart disease and diabetes and itsmanagement in rural and regional Australia, and has important policyand planning implications.• Baker IDI@AliceKnown formally as the Baker IDI Centre for Indigenous Cardiovascularand Diabetes Research, this satellite unit of Baker IDI is based inAlice Springs and is striving to improve the quality of life of thecommunities hardest hit by heart disease, diabetes and obesity. Thehealth disadvantage of indigenous Australians represents one of thenation’s most enduring health divides. The Baker IDI@Alice team isworking towards establishing a long-term, research-led, strategicapproach to reducing the burden of vascular disease in the heart ofthe country. Current projects in Alice Springs include: an investigationof the manifestations and expression of stress in Aboriginal men incentral Australia and its links to heart attack; identifying and overcomingbarriers to chronic disease care; quantifying the burden of heart diseasein Aboriginal communities in central Australia and developing novelapproaches to the management of elevated risk and documented heartdisease.• Heart of SowetoThis landmark study is charting the emergence of heart disease in themost populous residential area in South Africa. This ongoing research,published recently in The Lancet, is offering a glimpse of the past, beforecardiovascular disease became an epidemic. Western nations startedresearching the wave of cardiovascular disease and its implicationsafter it had already hit. The Heart of Soweto study is like a time machineproject that is allowing a glimpse of the very beginning of the diseaseprocess in a community.• NEMESISThe North-East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS) isfollowing the health of 1686 people – aged between two and 106 –who suffered a stroke between May 1, 1996 and April 30, 1999. Theirlives have been tracked on an ongoing basis and information gatheredon their ongoing health care arrangements and needs. This study isproviding invaluable data on the long-term effects of stroke on thecommunity and the relationship between service availability and need.• National Blood Pressure Screening DayThe largest random screening of blood pressure ever undertakenin Australia involved a team of almost 300 nurses working on oneSaturday morning in June, 2007, in 100 separate locations acrossthe country. Specially-designed booths were set up in major shoppingcentres in every state and territory and almost 14,000 passers by weregiven 10-minute individual health checks. Height, weight and a briefmedical history were taken, followed by a blood pressure reading.Those who participated had their blood pressure explained to themand recorded on a card they could take to their GP. The results, from astatistically relevant mix of rural, regional and metropolitan areas, haveprovided rich data and a snapshot of the blood pressure of the averageAustralian.• Stand Up AustraliaThis study proposal aims to increase awareness of the detrimentaleffects of excessive sitting time in the workplace and is aiming to helpdesign ways to build more activity into the average 7.6-hour office dayThis is a glimpse of the wide and varied research projects under wayin the new Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute. From investigationsthat begin in early life, through to large-scale population studies andurgent molecular and cellular biology research, prevention studies andthe development of better treatment techniques, our institute is a strongforce against the most devastating diseases plaguing our society: heartdisease, diabetes and obesity.Postgraduate Students3 Masters students1 DPsych student61 PhD studentsPublications284 journal articles3 books19 book chaptersBAKER IDI HEART AND DIABETES INSTITUTE 19

Tseten Wangmo, left,is a Project Officer forthe Burnet Institute inTibet. Wangmo worksas an outreach workerto the sex workers ofLhasa, Tibet’s capital.BURNET INSTITUTEDirector: Professor Brendan Crabb PhDThe past 12 months have been an exciting and challenging time for theBurnet Institute. It has continued to strategically build its research andpublic health programs both nationally and internationally, consolidatedand strengthened its merged research programs with the former AustinResearch Institute and worked on improving its funding position.Burnet has committed to the development of The Alfred Centre StageTwo, a four-level building to be erected over The Alfred Centre. This is agroundbreaking development for a medical research institute, and wasachieved with the extraordinary hard work of a dedicated group withinBurnet over 18 months, and the cooperation and goodwill of Alfred Health,the Baker Institute, Monash University and La Trobe University.During 2007, Director, Professor Steve Wesselingh took on the role of Deanof Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences at Monash University. In hisfive years at Burnet, Steve made significant contributions across a rangeof areas from streamlining management, improving the financial stabilityand sustainability of the institute, to reorganising the scientific researchprograms. He was integral in establishing a more strategic approach tocompetitive grant funding, leading to a sustained increased in fundingfrom organisations such as NHMRC and other funding bodies. In addition,he played a very significant role in the merger in 2006 with the AustinResearch Institute.Incoming Director, Professor Brendan Crabb, is formerly a laboratory headat the Walter and Elisa Hall Institute for Medical Research and comes tothe Burnet with an outstanding medical research career and significantinfectious diseases experience and expertise. Brendan’s work has a strongfocus on infectious diseases of global significance, and he is widelyrespected by the Australian and international scientific communities.HighlightsThe institute has continued to improve its financial position. Infrastructuresupport from the State Government of Victoria increased by 19% for the2007/2008 year, reflecting demonstrable innovation and the developmentof tangible health benefits for the community. In 2007, Burnet staff receivedseven new NHMRC Project Grants and a Development Grant, as well as aVictorian Government VESKI Fellowship.Professor Suzanne Crowe and Associate Professor David Anderson receiveda $4 million grant from Imperial College, London, through the Bill andMelinda Gates Foundation. This will fund the further development andimplementation of a low-cost test that can utilise blood from a simple fingerprick, and will measure the level of CD4 white blood cells (an indicator ofthe status of a person’s immune system). US participants are ProfessorAlan Landay, Rush University Medical Centre, Illinois, and Professor TomDenny, Duke University, North Carolina.Dr Helen Cox was awarded the Victorian Premier’s Award for her researchinto tuberculosis in Uzbekistan. This region has a high rate of multi-drugresistant tuberculosis, fuelled by worsening poverty linked to an ecologicaldisaster. As a result of this research there was a renewed international effortto fight this public health problem.In June the institute’s Clinical Research Laboratory was accredited as aWorld Health Organisation Regional HIV Drug Resistance Laboratory forthe Asia-Pacific region. This accreditation imparts a responsibility on theinstitute to support countries in the region in their efforts to establish HIVdrug resistance testing for surveillance and monitoring.The Cooperative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation (CRC-BT) wasofficially announced in November 2007 after securing more than $30million from the Australian Government. CRC-BT’s principal objective isthe development of antibodies directed against cell surface molecules(biomarkers) for the treatment and diagnosis of autoimmune disease(especially rheumatoid arthritis) and cancers (haematological, colorectal,breast and prostate). Participants in this CRC include the Burnet Institute,La Trobe University, Mater Medical Research Institute (Brisbane), MaterMisericordiae Health Services (Brisbane), Women’s and Children’s HealthResearch Institute (Adelaide), Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science(Adelaide), and commercial partners Becton Dickinson Biosciences (USA)and Amgen (USA).Public HealthCentre for International HealthWithin a community health context in resource-poor countries, the Centrefor International Health (CIH) designs, implements and evaluates publichealth programs in Asia, the Pacific and Africa. CIH undertakes programsin partnership with local government and community-based agencies andinternational organisations. Areas of focus are communicable diseasecontrol (especially HIV and AIDS), women’s and children’s health, nutritionand primary health care. CIH also delivers a highly regarded training andeducation program in international public health.20 20 BURNET ALLERGY, INSTITUTE IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

CIH experienced steady growth during 2007, the highlight being significantexpansion of its program in Papua New Guinea and the opening of twonew offices in Port Moresby and East New Britain. There are now 94 Burnetstaff based overseas in ten offices in six countries and a regional officein Bangkok. Two large new projects in China and Indonesia were fundedby the Australian Government. The capacity-building program in Burma/Myanmar has continued to expand despite the challenge of civil unrest.Subsequent unrest in Tibet and Mozambique is a reminder of the fragilenature of many of the countries where CIH works.Centre for Harm ReductionThe Centre for Harm Reduction (CHR) brings together people from aroundthe world with expertise in the prevention of drug-related harm. A majoraim of CHR is to encourage development of rational, evidence-based drugpolicies that do not make moral judgements about personal behaviour,and have the reduction of harm as their primary aim. CHR completedits five year commitment to AusAID’s Asia Regional HIV/AIDS Project,which provided targeted harm reduction interventions in China, Myanmarand Vietnam. This work has laid a solid foundation for HAARP, AusAID’snew program in Asia, which will also include Laos, Cambodia and thePhilippines.The soon to be completed Indonesia HIV AIDS Prevention and Care Projecthas made a major impact on the harm reduction environment in Indonesia,notably embedding a comprehensive harm response into the healthsystem. Other highlights include the expansion into the Pacific throughthe Pacific Drug and Alcohol Research Network and the successful bid foran Australian Development Research Award to conduct research into theimpact of drug and alcohol use in Fiji.Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health ResearchThe Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research (CEPHR)aims to improve the health of the community by conducting high quality,innovative research that identifies and assesses the impact of infectiousdiseases, drugs and related risk on vulnerable populations. This workis used to inform public health policy, practices and programs. CEPHRis involved in advisory and other public health committees at State andCommonwealth levels, as well as teaching and liaising with communitygroups.Among the many public health, surveillance and research programsoperating, CEPHR has also been contracted to conduct surveillance forHIV and AIDS in Victoria for the Department of Human Services (DHS)since 1990. The surveillance is conducted in collaboration with theVictorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (State HIV ReferenceLaboratory) and the Partner Notification Officers from DHS. Regular andtimely surveillance reports are produced, and findings inform public healthprograms aimed at reducing infections and additional research to betterunderstand the changes in the epidemiology of HIV infection in Victoria.International Health Research GroupThe objective of the International Health Research Group (IHRG) is todevelop a novel multidisciplinary scientific program using high-qualitylaboratory science, cutting edge epidemiology, excellent clinical and socialresearch approaches, and strong public health principles, to addressmajor health problems of our region. IHGR is creating a research programthat will contribute to improved health across a broad spectrum rangingfrom research that improves understanding of the priority diseases andtheir transmission and ecology, to discovery science with potential forlonger term benefits such as therapeutics and vaccines, to health-systemsorientated research which will directly influence health policy. The majordisease focus of IHRG is on the three biggest infectious disease problems ofour region: malaria, tuberculosis and HIV.Following are Research Highlights for 2007:Molecular Virology ProgramThe Molecular Virology Program aims to define and elucidate the role ofkey molecules that enable pathogenic viruses such as HIV, hepatitis Cvirus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Dengue virus, to replicate theirgenomes and form new infectious particles that disseminate disease. Anunderstanding of these processes will provide leads for the development ofnew diagnostics, anti-infective drugs, vaccines and other treatments.Hepatitis C Laboratory – Molecular Biology SubgroupHead: Professor Eric Gowans• Demonstrated that p7 expression is limited to the endoplasmic reticulumin the context of an authentic virus replication cycle. Furthermore, p7has a role in morphogenesis, as HCV genomes which encoded a nonfunctionalp7 protein were unable to form nascent particles.• Generated a chimeric virus in which the JFH1 virus (genotype 2a) p7gene was substituted with the p7 gene from a genotype 1 virus andshowed that this chimera was infectious in vitro to extend the usefulnessof the HCV p7 cell culture system.• Extended studies with chimeric viruses to show that a chimeric GBvirus-B (the most closely related virus to HCV), which was engineeredto express the hypervariable region 1 from envelope protein 2 of HCV,was also replication competent and infectious in vivo after inoculation ofmarmosets.HIV Assembly GroupHead: Associate Professor Johnson Mak• Identified parameters that can manipulate the HIV evolution process; thisinformation will be invaluable to suppress the evolution of HIV-1.• Gathered direct evidence to resolve the controversy over whether nucleicacid editing enzyme, uracil DNA glycosylase, is important for virusreplication.• Obtained evidence showing how virion-associated cholesterol supportsviral replication.• Created fluorescent HIV that can be used to track the infection process.Molecular Interactions GroupHead: Dr Gilda Tachedjian• Demonstrated that potent members of the nonnucleoside reversetranscriptase inhibitors class of HIV-1 drugs inhibit the production ofviral particles by increasing the processing of viral polyproteins insidethe host cell. These findings represent the first example of a smallmolecule that can block the late stages of HIV-1 replication by thismechanism and provides proof of concept for the pursuit of novel drugsthat can target this process.• Discovered a novel mutation in the reverse transcriptase that is selectedin HIV-1 infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy that confersresistance to zidovudine and nevirapine. These findings have potentialimplications for improving genotyping algorithms used to predict drugresistance in HIV-1 infected individuals.• Demonstrated that HIV-1 infection of human macrophages alters thebalance of cellular splicing factors involved in the regulation of viralreplication, the first time this has been shown in a primary target cell.Viral Fusion GroupCo-heads: Dr Heidi Drummer and Dr Andy Poumbourios• Characterised the role of the E1 glycoprotein in viral entry.• Characterised a minimal E2 core domain for use in structuredetermination.• Evaluated a new HCV vaccine.BURNET INSTITUTE 21

• Identified a new variable region in HCV glycoprotein E2.• Identified functional determinants in gp41.• Characterised the role of the membrane proximal external region ofgp41 in HIV-1 entry.• Identified a novel HIV-1 glycoprotein vaccine candidate.• Identified functional and structural linkages between gp120 and gp41.Infectious Diseases and Cancer VaccineDevelopmentThe overall aim of the Infectious Diseases and Cancer Vaccine DevelopmentProgram is to apply the expertise within the program to produce low costvaccines which are easy to administer, and to improve the efficacy ofexisting vaccines and immunotherapies. This includes development ofnovel vaccine production strategies, with the aim of producing vaccinesthat do not need refrigeration, are easy to produce and can be taken orallyrather than injected, and the development of virus like particles (VLPs)that can express proteins from a range of different viruses, are highlyimmunogenic and elicit both antibody and cellular immunity. We are alsotesting the ability of novel adjuvants, such as oxidised mannan, to helpstimulate immune responses in patients treated for breast or ovarian cancer.Bio-organic and Medicinal Chemistry LaboratoryHead: Professor Geoffrey Pietersz• Demonstrated the utility of mannan as a mucosal adjuvant for humanand avian influenza vaccine. When given intranasally, mannanincreased the immunogenicity of inactivated H1N1 and H5N1 virusesand induced IgA and IgG in lungs and serum.• Demonstrated mucosal responses to respiratory syncytial virus Gantigen and demonstrated successful neutralisation of virus infection invitro.• Demonstrated that fusion peptides of the membrane translocatingpeptide, penetratin, incorporating CD8 epitopes and a universal T helperepitope can induce long term protective immune responses in mice (incollaboration with the Immunology and Vaccine Laboratory).• Developed novel mannosylated antigens and demonstrated that theseantigens are superior to the unmannosylated antigen in inducingprotective immune responses in mice.Hepatitis C Laboratory – Immunology SubgroupHead: Professor Eric Gowans• Constructed several novel recombinant baculoviruses, which will beused to investigate immunity to HCV.• Performed a clinical trial to investigate the potential of dendritic cell (DC)immunotherapy to treat patients with persistent infection with HCV. Noneof the patients showed any serious adverse events and all showed someimmunological responses. Data collection is still ongoing, but the trialshowed that DC immunotherapy is safe.• Showed that HCV protein-derived peptides can induce CD25+, CD4+T cells, which also express Fox P3 (ie. classical Treg) after culture invitro. These Tregs did not proliferate in response to HCV peptides andfailed to produce interferon-g, in contrast to antiviral effector T cells. Theactual peptides which were able to induce Tregs varied between patientsbut within any given subject only a small number of peptides showedthis capacity, suggesting that these peptides represent HCV-specific Tregepitopes.Ian Potter Hepatitis Research Laboratory – VaccineDevelopmentHead: Associate Professor David Anderson• Further development of VLPs containing both the E1 and E2 envelopeproteins of HCV which is likely to provide a better vaccine candidate thanE2 alone.• Initiated feasibility studies for manufacture of VLPs in cGMP-compliantcell lines.• First external license of VLP technology (between Select Vaccines Ltdand AVANT Immunotherapeutics Inc (USA)).• Demonstrated the role of specific IgA antibody in efficient secretion andtransmission of hepatitis A virus.Immunology and Cancer Vaccine LaboratoryHead: Professor Vasso Apostolopoulos• Determined new binding modes of peptides to MHC molecules and theirimmunological relevance.• Determined defects in alveolar macrophages from lung cancer patients.• Characterised novel peptide analogues as candidates forimmunotherapy / vaccine studies against multiple sclerosis.• Determined the role of mannose residues in the MFP vaccine.• Successful results from the pilot Phase 3 clinical trial in breast cancerpatients.• Induction of strong immunological responses from DNA-based vaccinefor cancer in animal models.• Characterised the mechanism of the penetratin-based vaccine andimmunological responses.• Developed a mouse model for Mycobacterium ulcerans immunologicalresponses.Plant Molecular Farming GroupCo-heads: Dr Diane Webster and Professor SteveWesselingh• Used a transient plant expression system to demonstrate that plantmadesRAGE expresses well, is glycosylated, and is able to bind totarget ligands. This protein can be readily purified. Stable transgenicplants have been generated and analysis indicates that plant-madesRAGE is active in in vitro assays.• Expressed a second measles antigen in plants. Animal trials to examinethe efficacy of this new vaccine formulation resulted in a strongerimmune response in mice. This represents a positive step towards asafe, effective oral measles vaccine.• In collaboration with Dow AgroSciences, University of Melbourne andMonash University, research towards a plant-made vaccine for avianinfluenza is progressing well.Viral Immunology GroupHead: Associate Professor Rosemary Ffrench• Characterised immune responses in individuals with acute HCV infection(Australian Trial in Acute HCV).• Demonstrated heterotypic immunity to avian influenza in humansinfected or vaccinated with human influenza virus.• Tested immunogenicity and dendritic cell uptake of novel virus-likeparticle vaccines.Molecular Immunotherapy and InflammatoryDiseasesThe research activities of the Molecular Immunotherapy and InflammatoryDiseases Program have wide impact, not only in normal immunity, butalso in autoimmunity, vaccines, infection, cancer and stroke. Work isfocused on understanding how the immune system functions normally,how it malfunctions in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, andhow cancers or infections avoid being attacked by the immune system’scells and antibodies. This work underpins our attempts to manipulatethe immune system to treat disease by improving vaccines, attacking22 BURNET INSTITUTE

cancers, and switching off inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus orstroke. Through this work, new drugs and genetically engineered proteinsand antibodies are generated as potential therapeutics to create ‘bettermedicines sooner for everyone’.Cancer Immunotherapy LaboratoryHead: Professor Pei Xiang Xing• Found that a combination of the anti-Cripto, anti-Pim-1 and anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and a small molecule inhibitorsynergistically inhibited cancer cell growth.• Immunisation of mice using Pim-1 as antigen showed inhibition oftumour growth suggesting that Pim-1 is a unique target for vaccinationto treat prostate cancer.• Demonstrated that the anti Pim-1 mAbs inhibited proliferation of Tlymphocytes by targeting upregulated Pim-1.• Demonstrated that anti-Pim-1 mAb down regulated Pim-1 expressionand interrupted Akt signalling transduction pathways and inducedcancer cell death through mitochondrial death pathway.Helen Macpherson Smith Trust Inflammatory DiseasesLaboratoryHead: Professor Mark HogarthStudies have focused on defining and manipulating the immune system totreat rheumatoid arthritis, cancer or infectious disease and specifically wehave:• Defined the structural basis of antibody Fc effector function.• Defined organisation of Fc receptors as a key early step in white bloodcell activation.• Showed that human Fc receptors are critically important in thedevelopment of rheumatoid arthritis.• Developed antibody or drug based approaches to target Fc receptors forthe treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.• Discovered a series of new genes involved in the early development ofrheumatoid arthritis using gene profiling.• Discovered the structural basis of one method by which staphylococciavoid the immune system, which involves IgA and the IgA receptor.Immunoreceptor LaboratoryHead: Associate Professor Denise Jackson• Provided first evidence that tetraspanins, CD151 and TSSC6 regulatethrombus stability in vivo.• Defined new signalling pathway for CD151 in platelets linked to ADPP2Y 12receptor.• Defined that PECAM-1 negatively regulates anergic B cells.• Identified that immunoreceptors are important in Salmonella typhimuriuminfection.• Identified CEACAM1 as a regulator of platelet-collagen interactions andthrombus growth in vivo.• Identified CEACAM1 as a positive regulator of platelet-integrin α IIbβ 3interactions.Kidney LaboratoryHead: Professor David Power• Identified a major phosphorylation site in the salt transport proteinNKCC2 for the energy-sensing kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase,and determined its function. This work suggests one way that diabetesand obesity lead to excess retention of salt in the body and, therefore,high blood pressure.• Contributed to the identification of the gene causing an inherited form ofkidney disease.Structural Immunology LaboratoryHead: Dr Paul Ramsland• Determined the first crystal structure of the S. aureus protein, SSL7,bound to a major mucosal and serum antibody, IgA (with Dr BruceWines, Inflammatory Diseases Laboratory, and Professor John Fraser,University of Auckland).• Examined the structural and functional basis for human IgMautoantibodies that cleave the amyloid beta peptide associated withAlzheimer’s disease (with Sudhir Paul, University of Texas HoustonMedical School). This work has implications for the potentialinvolvement of catalytic antibodies in the control of amyloid depositionin Alzheimer’s disease.• Using molecular modelling approaches, further explored the role ofcarbohydrate antigens in disease, including their critical involvement inthe antibody-mediated rejection of blood group or species mismatchedorgan grafts (with Professor Mauro Sandrin, University of Melbourne,and Dr Elizabeth Yuriev, Monash University).Pathogenesis and Clinical ResearchThe Pathogenesis and Clinical Research Program is focused on thepathogenesis of HIV and hepatitis B and C viral infections through basicresearch as well as clinical and translational research. The main researchinterests of the program are in the role of cells of macrophage lineage andspecific T-cell subsets in HIV pathogenesis. The research encompassesHIV-related dementia, studies into how HIV disrupts macrophage function,the development of drug-related toxicities, the neuropathogenesis of HIVinfection, which cells are responsible for the development of viral reservoirs,how the immune system recovers in persons with HIV infection treatedwith antiretroviral therapy, and the pathogenesis of hepatitis B infection.Specific assays have been developed to measure why some strains of HIVcause more damage to the immune system, the transendothelial migrationof monocytes, the effects of drug toxicity in tissues, and the phenotypeof HIV in infected individuals. Research is conducted in Australia and theAsia Pacific region. Some of the regional projects include the molecularepidemiology of HIV as well as tuberculosis and development of low costCD4 and viral load tests to monitor HIV infection in resource constrainedsettings.Clinical Research LaboratoryHead: Professor Suzanne Crowe• Evaluated the new version 3 Cavidi low cost viral load assay in a pilotstudy at The Alfred.• Evaluated and optimised dried blood and plasma spots in conjunctionwith Cavidi low cost HIV viral load assay.• Validated in-house gp41 genotyping resistance assay that identifiesmutations to fusion inhibitor drugs.• Conducted a training program for low-cost HIV viral load testing atMataika House, Suva, Fiji.• Initiated genotyping of tuberculosis for the Pacific island country, Kiribati.HIV and Hepatitis Immunopathogenesis GroupHead: Professor Sharon Lewin• Identified CCL19 and CCL21 as chemokines that condition restingT-cells for latency.• Developed a novel method to characterise the specific co-receptor thatpatient HIV viruses use.• Identified a key interaction between HBe antigen and HIV in thesuppression of HBV-specific immunity.• Identified a new class of drugs that may be active against latent HIVinfection (with Australian Centre for Blood Diseases).• Established an international cohort to demonstrate the anti-HIV effects ofa new anti-HBV drug, entecavir.BURNET INSTITUTE 23

• Identified the role of chemokines, CXCL-10 and sCD30 in theimmunopathogenesis of liver disease after starting anti-HIV treatment inHIV-HBV co-infected patients.HIV Molecular Pathogenesis GroupHead: Associate Professor Paul Gorry• Identified a genetic determinant in HIV N 362, which appears to be animportant pathological determinant of the virus.• Identified that tropism of HIV for macrophages is critical for HIVpathogenesis.• Identified a preferred co-receptor usage pattern of HIV viruses that persistin the brain.• Made progress towards a simple and rapid HIV phenotype assay.HIV Neuropathogenesis LaboratoryHead: Dr Melissa Churchill• Demonstrated the presence of integrated HIV-1 DNA in astrocytes andmacrophages isolated from the brain of patients who died with HIVassociateddementia, proving conclusively that astrocytes within thebrain of HIV infected individuals can be infected and harbour replicationcompetent HIV-1.• Using laser capture technology, established an assay allowing for thedetection and analysis of HIV-1 from single cells within brain and othertissues from HIV-1 infected individuals.HIV Pathogenesis LaboratoryHead: Professor Suzanne Crowe• Demonstrated that the CD16+ monocyte subset selectively harbours HIVin infected individuals.• Developed a model for studying the migration of monocytes across theblood brain barrier, and demonstrated that monocytes from HIV-infectedpatients have increased migration across the blood-brain barrier.• Developed assays to evaluate matrix metalloproteinases produced bymacrophages and to determine the effects of HIV on their activity.• Characterised the redistribution of tetraspanins, proteins that primarilyregulate cell membrane structure, during HIV infection of monocytes andmacrophages.Macrophage Signalling LaboratoryHead: Dr Anthony Jaworowski• Discovered the mechanism of HIV-1 inhibition of Fc receptor signalling.• Demonstrated that HIV-1 selectively impairs the phagocytic function ofantibodies to pregnancy-associated malaria.Neuropathy and Toxicity LaboratoryHead: Dr Kate Cherry• David Hooker developed a novel assay for measuring apoptosis, whichis now being used to study drug toxicity on archived tissue. Initial resultssuggest this test reflects the side effects patients suffer following use ofparticular drugs, and therefore may be useful in predicting side effects.• Demonstrated the ongoing importance of HIV neuropathy in all thecountries where we have undertaken prevalence studies.• Commenced examining a potential means of preventing neuropathy(with industry partner Zymes LLC, USA).• Undertaken investigation of the efficacy of flupirtine for the treatment ofpainful HIV-associated neuropathy (sponsored by CNS Bio Australia).The Asia Pacific NeuroAIDS ConsortiumHead: Dr Edwina Wright• Studied the prevalence and patterns of HIV-related neurological diseaseswithin the Asia Pacific region.• Expanded the enrolment into the Australian National NeuroAIDS Brainand Tissue Bank (ANNBTB) project from Victoria to include otherAustralian states.• Studied the role that dendritic cells might play in different HIV-relatedcentral nervous system diseases.• Studied whether host genotypes and HIV-1 clades influence thepathogenesis of HIV-related neurological disorders within populations ofthe Asia Pacific region.CD4 Initiative LaboratoryCo-heads: Associate Professor David Anderson andProfessor Suzanne Crowe• Developed recombinant full-length CD4 as a standard reagent for testresearch and manufacturing.• Standardised ELISA (laboratory-based) test for total cell-associatedCD4 protein and validation of its correlation with CD4 T-cell numbers inwhole blood.• Developed methods for retention of red blood cells and lysis of whiteblood cells to allow measurement of CD4 protein in rapid, point of careformat.• Undertook preliminary development of methods for semi-quantitativedetection of CD4 T-cells from whole blood in rapid, point of care testformat.• Undertook preliminary development of methods for separatingmonocytes from whole blood in RPOC test format to improve accuracyin measuring CD4 T-cells.Mycology Research LaboratoryHead: Dr Orla Morrissey• Found that new molecular and serology tests for the diagnosis ofinvasive aspergillosis are safe and feasible to use.• Found the difference in the sequences of various Aspergillus isolatesdoes not affect the sensitivity of Aspergillus serology tests.• Demonstrated that sequence-based typing is a useful method forexamining the source of a hospital outbreak of Aspergillus infection.• Found that use of serum and whole blood in combination can increasethe sensitivity of Aspergillus PCR assays.• Found that a panfungal PCR assay has clinical utility in identifying thecause of a lung infiltrate when other tests such as biopsy are noncontributory.Postgraduate Students45 PhD studentsPublications147 journal articles2 book chapters24 BURNET INSTITUTE

A beating large animalheart after resuscitation.CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERYDirector: Associate Professor Donald Esmore AO, MBBS, FRACS, FRCS(Edin CT)Head Cardiac Surgical Research Unit: Professor Franklin Rosenfeldt MBBS, MD, FRACS, FRCS(Edin)Research AreasMetabolic and complementary therapy for the heartThe department studies the effect of metabolic supplements andantioxidants such as coenzyme Q 10, omega-3 fatty acids, seleniumand orotic acid in the treatment of heart disease and preparation formajor surgery. This has led to the study of natural and holistic therapies,particularly where they can be of benefit for surgical patients and patientswith severe heart failure. Increasingly, therapies are being extended to anearlier stage in the disease process to promote ‘cardiovascular wellness’.Mechanical support of the circulationThe department has a longstanding interest in assisting with thedevelopment of mechanical circulatory support devices and evaluatingthese in animal studies and in clinical trials.TransplantationPreviously, the department researched optimal methods of preserving donorhearts and lungs for transplantation and has recently worked on techniquesfor salvaging organs from individuals after cardiac death.Tissue engineeringIn collaboration with the Industrial Research Institute Swinburne (IRIS), thedepartment is testing biological materials suitable for use in heart valvesand vascular grafts.Basic researchThe main focus continues to be cardiac metabolism, particularly fromthe perspective of ageing, age-related cardiovascular disease andconditions specific to cardiothoracic surgery. Much of this work has beencarried out on discarded human tissue obtained during cardiac surgeryor transplantation. Key areas of study have been mitochondrial energymetabolism and oxidative injury in healthy (donor) and failing hearts(explanted).Major FindingsIn 2007, the department succeeded in resuscitating hearts from largeanimals that had suffered cardiac death and were then left withoutcirculation for up to thirty minutes. These revived hearts can beat stronglyand pump blood, with an estimated 50% capacity compared with a usualdonor heart. However, it was found that these resuscitated hearts do notrecover well after a further period of cold storage as is used for conventionaldonor hearts. Recovery is much better if a period of perfusion with warmoxygenated blood from an extracorporeal circuit is utilised. The departmenthas also applied these resuscitation techniques to unused human donorhearts.Staff AchievementsDon Esmore continues to advise and assist with the use of the VentrAssistartificial heart pump as it achieves increasing acceptance around the world,with over 200 implants performed at the end of 2007.Dr Lesley Braun has joined the department to provide expertise in metabolicand complementary therapy. Her background is in pharmacy andcomplementary medicine. She is an expert on the complex interactionsbetween complementary and conventional medicines.Current Projects• Metabolic therapy for cardiac surgery and heart failure (ProfessorFranklin Rosenfeldt)• Cardiac donation after death and resuscitation (Professor FranklinRosenfeldt)• Response to exercise in VentrAssist artificial heart patients (Dr DavidMason)• Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the prevention of postoperativeatrial fibrillation (Dr Salvatore Pepe)• Cardiac omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids andmitochondrial metabolism in human heart failure (Dr Salvatore Pepe)• Preservation of donor lungs using hypothermia and antioxidants (DrSilvana Marasco)• Tissue engineering for heart valves and vascular grafts (ProfessorFranklin Rosenfeldt)• Response of peripheral circulation to non-pulsatile flow from a cardiacassist device (Professor Franklin Rosenfeldt)Postgraduate Students2 Masters students2 PhD studentsPublications25 journal articlesCARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY 25

Dr Peter Kistler with3D electrophysiologicmapping systemdisplaying left atrium.CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINEDirector: Professor Anthony Dart BA, DPhil, BM, BCh, FAHA, FRCP, FRACPThe Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (Heart Centre) participatesin a large number of clinical trials and research studies. These includecommercially sponsored studies, collaborations with other departmentswithin The Alfred and neighbouring institutes, as well as projects initiatedby departmental staff. Such projects range from those requiring outpatientvisits, with blood sampling or non-invasive measurements, to complexstudies within the cardiac catheterisation laboratory.Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ImagingDr Andrew TaylorThe Alfred Heart Centre, in conjunction with the Department of Radiology,runs a clinical and research Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) service,funded through a state government New Technology Grant. Approximately500 CMR scans are performed per year.The CMR service has been involved in international, multicentre studies,focused primarily on the measurement of changes in cardiac mass asa trial endpoint. In-house studies have utilised CMR for the evaluation ofthe suitability of patients with heart failure for cardiac resynchronisationtherapy, diagnostic utility in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia,the detection of acute rejection in heart transplant recipients, changes incardiac morphology in obesity with rapid weight loss, and CMR-guided leftventricular remodelling surgery. A large study investigating the non-invasiveevaluation of myocardial fibrosis with CMR in heart failure, as well as itsrelationship with diastolic dysfunction, was awarded a National HeartFoundation Grant-in-Aid.Heart Failure and Transplant ResearchProfessor David KayeThe Heart Failure/Transplant group, with Professor Kaye’s Heart FailureResearch Group at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, undertooka number of research activities. Several projects addressed the role offunctional mitral regurgitation as a causal mechanism for the symptomsand progression of heart failure. Dr Stephen Duffy and Professor Kayeperformed the first implant in Australia of a novel device for reducing mitralvalve regurgitation. The group’s longstanding interest in endothelial functionin heart failure was continued by Dr Justin Mariani, who examined the statusof circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with heart failure. Severalnovel projects were initiated by Dr Angeline Leet who, as a part of her MDstudies, is examining the prevention of cardiac fibrosis in cardiac transplantrecipients and comparing the effects of various immunosuppressiveprotocols.Human Neurotransmitters LaboratoryDr Gavin LambertThroughout 2007 investigations in postural orthostasis proceeded onseveral fronts; there is now strong evidence that highlights the differentmechanisms that come into play when people faint. Studies examiningcardiac risk in subjects with depression and panic disorder have continuedand resulted in a number of significant publications. The group was able toidentify a subset of patients with depression in whom sympathetic nervousactivity was extraordinarily high. In panic disorder, contrary to the popularview, a marked elevation in brain serotonin turnover that was normalisedfollowing therapy was documented.Alfred & Baker IDI Gene BankDr Melissa BarberThe Alfred & Baker IDI Gene Bank represents the most comprehensivecollection of samples from patients with cardiovascular disease in Australia.Its key objective is to facilitate research into the genetic basis of heartdisease. Over the past year, the Gene Bank has seen significant change,with development of the Risk Profiling Unit (RPU) and the appointment ofDr Melissa Barber as the RPU Manager. An exciting addition to the unit isHealth Data Integration (HDI), a platform that creates a centralised accesspoint to the clinical and research databases of The Alfred Heart Centreand Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute. HDI can link the Gene Bank,Echocardiography, Cardiac Catheterisation, Risk Clinic and Heart Failuredatabases. This ‘virtual data repository’ provides clinicians and researcherswith access to a broad range of de-identified patient information usinga secure and user-friendly interface, thereby facilitating research andenhancing the utility of the Gene Bank samples.Echocardiography ServicesDr Jack FedermanThe echocardiography laboratories have participated in a number ofdepartmental, hospital and international studies:• Ventricular and structural heart disease: including evaluation of a noveldevice for reducing mitral regurgitation secondary to poor left ventricularfunction (VERITAS), closure of patent foremen ovale in patients at risk ofstroke and evaluation of bioprosthetic aortic valves.• Left ventricular systolic function: including drug therapy trials in heartfailure (CIBIS), as well as evaluating the value of resynchronsationtherapy (Triple R Study). Other studies have evaluated the effect ofvapour ablation therapy in emphysema, cytotoxic drugs in leukaemia26 26 CARDIOVASCULAR ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY MEDICINE AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

(TIDEL II) and evaluating optimal timing of renal dialysis (IDEAL).• Left ventricular mass / hypertrophy: evaluation of antihypertensivetreatment in reducing left ventricular hypertrophy (DORADO).• Left ventricular diastolic function: studies with diastolic function asthe primary end point are being conducted in patients after cardiactransplantation and in subjects treated for marked obesity.Clinical PhysiologyAssociate Professor Bronwyn KingwellAlthough Marfan syndrome is a relatively rare genetic disorder affectingaround 7,000 Australians, it has life-threatening consequences. Theunderlying pathology is of the connective tissue, which increases aorticfragility leading to rupture and death. Therapy aims to reduce the rate ofaortic dilatation but current approaches do not address the underlyingpathology.Associate Professor Kingwell and Dr Anna Ahimastos, with collaboratorsfrom the Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Murdoch Childrens ResearchInstitute, have shown that the blood pressure lowering drug, perindopril,reduces aortic diameter by between 3mm and 7mm in this population afteronly six months of therapy. This finding is highly significant clinically andis likely to delay the need for surgery and reduce the risk of aortic rupture.After publication in Journal of the American Medical Association in 2007, thiswork created substantial international interest, including direct patient andphysician enquiries and translation into other clinical journals includingNature Clinical Practice.Vascular PharmacologyDr Jaye Chin-DustingThe Vascular Pharmacology Group, together with Dr Dmitri Sviridov’sLipoprotein Laboratory at the Baker Institute, demonstrated that theanti-inflammatory effects of high density lipoprotein (HDL) on humanmonocytes were dependent on apolipoprotein A-1 and cholesterol efflux viathe ABCA1 receptor.The group also showed that arginase II plays a role in the in vitrodevelopment of nitrate tolerance, where increased arginase II stimulationled to a decrease in intracellular L-arginine levels, uncoupling of eNOS andan increase in ROS production. As such, arginase inhibition may proveuseful as adjunct therapy for the prevention of nitrate tolerance. Finally,in collaboration with Associate Professor Kingwell and Dr Moe’s group atthe Singapore General Hospital, the TT genotype of C677T mutation in themethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene was shown to be significantlyassociated with acute ischemic stroke, particularly in young, male andethnic Chinese Singaporeans.Alfred Minimally Invasive Vascular DivisionDr James ShawStudies on the non-coronary arterial circulation included assessment of theacute effects of infused, reconstituted HDL on atheroma plaque compositionand studies on the intima-medial thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery asa surrogate of atherosclerosis. The effects of HDL infusion were examinedin subjects with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease undergoingangioplasty and atherectomy. Infusion of HDL several days before plaqueexcision was shown to favourably affect a number of plaque characteristics,including lipid content, cellular accumulation and oxidation. The role of HIVinfection and its treatment on IMT are also being examined. Other studiesare examining the effect of profound weight loss, induced by laparoscopicgastric banding, in the severely overweight.Human Vascular Biology LaboratoryDr Stephen DuffyA series of studies on the effects of iron and oxidative stress on vascularfunction and clinical presentation of coronary artery disease was completed.A study of 66 patients who underwent intra-coronary ultrasound, transcoronaryblood sampling and percutaneous coronary intervention showedthat markers of iron stores and oxidative stress are increased in coronaryatherosclerotic plaque, and are released with plaque disruption. Redoxactiveiron stores appear to contribute to plaque composition, positiveremodelling and unstable clinical presentation.In another study of 179 patients with coronary artery disease and 125healthy controls, it was shown that an iron regulatory / antioxidant enzyme,heme oxygenase-1, is upregulated in response to stressful stimuli in vivo.While it has been shown that heme oxygenase-1 expression and higherlevels of heme degradation products are protective in terms of progressionof atherosclerosis, this study showed that heme oxygenase-1 is induced inunstable coronary artery disease as an adaptive response, and the levelscorrelate to clinical markers such as hsCRP and troponin.There was continued active participation in the Melbourne InterventionalGroup (MIG), a cooperative registry of percutaneous revascularisationprocedures that includes eight Victorian public hospitals which performcoronary interventions. Currently, more than 8,500 patient procedures havebeen entered into this database.Clinical ElectrophysiologyDr Peter KistlerCurrent research projects include the relationship between heart failure andatrial fibrillation and the effects of systemic and pulmonary hypertensionon the atria. The research into the effects of hypertension on the atria issupported by a National Heart Foundation grant.In 2007, research has been published in international medical journalsCirculation, Heart Rhythm, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology andEuropace.Awards and PrizesProfessor Murray Esler was awarded a Member of the Order of Australia(AM) for his outstanding contribution to medical science.Ahimastos A: Baker Heart Research Institute Publication of the Month (forarticle in JAMA, October 2007)Murphy A: Winner Rod Andrew Prize (Baker Heart Research Institute 2ndand 3rd year PhD student poster prize)Murphy A: Winner Paul Korner Medal (Most outstanding 3rd year PhDstudent at the Baker Heart Research Institute)Murphy A: Runner-up Oral Young Investigator Award (Frontiers of VascularMedicine)Postgraduate Students1 MD student1 DPsych student17 PhD studentsPublications90 journal articles2 book chaptersCARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 27

centre forHealthInnovationHMOs undertakesimulation training incardiac resuscitation atthe Centre for HealthInnovation.CENTRE FOR HEALTH INNOVATIONGeneral Manager: Cathie Steele BSc, BAppSc, MPhty, MBus, AFACHSEDirector of Research: Professor Peter Cameron MBBS, MD, FACEMEstablished in 2005, the Centre for Health Innovation (CHI) aims toimprove safety and quality of patient care through the developmentand demonstration of innovative technologies, and through simulatedclinical education. CHI was established with funding from the VictorianGovernment, La Trobe University, Baker Heart Research Institute, MonashUniversity and Alfred Health.Program ActivitiesIn 2007, CHI partnered with health services and industry organisations tosupport research and conduct projects across a wide range of technologydevelopments. The ongoing focus is in two areas:• Human-to-machine interface design to support safety and better qualityof care• Utilisation of technology to support improved models of careCHI also supports simulation-based education to internal and externalgroups. CHI incorporates a full operating theatre, procedure room,debriefing rooms, four bed ward and clinical skills laboratory, as well astwo human factors laboratories.In 2007, CHI appointed Professor Peter Cameron as its Director ofResearch. Professor Cameron is Academic Director of the Emergency andTrauma Centre at The Alfred and Director of the NHMRC Centre of ResearchExcellence in Patient Safety.CHI plays a key role in providing health services with access to technologyand education services. Over 2,000 clinicians, managers and technologydevelopers visited CHI in the first seven months of operation from May2007.Key FindingsThe effects of clinical information presentation onphysicians’ and nurses’ decision making in intensivecare units (Dr Anne Miller, Associate Professor CarlosScheinkestel, Cathie Steele)This study used cognitive engineering methodologies to evaluate theinfluence of clinical information system interface design on decisionmaking by medical and nursing staff in the intensive care unit. The resultsshow that nurses using a display based on information clustering aroundphysiological systems were better able to detect parameters reflectingpatient change events compared to conventional designs. Doctors’ resultsshow that both within and between physiological systems informationmust be simultaneously presented to get statistically significant agreementabout failed physiological systems and the patient’s current diagnosticstate. Further research is needed to determine the information presentationfactors influencing agreement between doctors about ongoing patientmanagement goals. A better understanding of the information presentationfactors that influence decision making by members of the clinical teamhas the potential to improve the way clinical information is used to supportpatient care.Development of the Centre for Health Innovation SpeedLauncher (CHIsL) (Frank Smolenaers)Clinicians are a mobile workforce and may need to log onto informationsystems up to 40 times a day. Logging on commonly takes three to fourminutes at a time and often results in staff using generic or shared logonsso that they can take over directly from the person logged on before them.Unfortunately, this means that there is reduced uptake for systems suchas medication prescribing and pathology test ordering online. Softwarehas been developed that enhances thin client technology so that it nowtakes less than ten seconds to log on and view clinical applications. Thisspeed of access increases the usability of clinical information technologysystems.Current ProjectsA clinical trial for deep brain stimulation for chronic depression is beingfunded through CHI and is run by Associate Professor Paul Fitzgerald,Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.Dr Pierre Bradley, Dr Stuart Marshall and Sharyn Ireland are developing animmersive simulation education program for Radiology staff. This programwill help staff recognise and manage delayed reactions to contrast media.Severe, life-threatening reactions occur in about one in 5,000 procedures.A team approach to recognising and managing such events can now bepractised in a fully simulated setting to enhance patient outcomes.Workshops focusing on the application of technology in health and agedcare are being planned to run in 2008. These workshops will enable awide range of clinicians and managers to see, touch and trial the latest inhealth care technology.28 CENTRE FOR HEALTH INNOVATION

Course attendees watch livedemonstration of ProfessorPaul O’Brien performingLAP-BAND surgery.CENTRE FOR OBESITY RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONDirector: Professor Paul O’Brien MBBS(Hons), MD, FRACSThe mission of the Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE) isto better understand the disease of obesity, obesity-related diseases andpsychosocial conditions, and to identify optimal methods for the safe, costeffective,long-term management of obesity, coupled with preventive strategiesthat can be implemented in the community leading to improved health.CORE is unique in applying a multidisciplinary approach to the study ofobesity, which integrates a major clinical obesity management programwith strengths in clinical research, clinical epidemiology, public health,basic sciences and professional and community education. Through thisintegration, CORE is able to measure the health consequences of obesity,along with the unique capacity to evaluate the health benefits of weight loss.The patient remains the central focus of all of CORE’s activities. We havelearned about obesity from studies of patients with the disease. We haveevaluated treatments of obesity as we seek to help these patients and, afterachieving substantial and durable weight loss for them, we have been ableto measure the benefits on health, quality of life and survival.Research ProgramsClinical Studies• Randomised controlled trials• Observational studies• Optimising therapy• Measuring outcomes – health, quality of life and survivalPublic Health• Population health• Epidemiology• Prevention of obesity – primary and secondary• Health impact of weight loss• Registries• Epidemiological modelling• Cost-effectiveness and health economic studiesBasic Research• Role of the brain in mediating energy balance• Control of energy expenditure• Brain pathways involved and the nature of the neurochemicals thatmediate either energy intake or expenditure• Central pathways and mechanisms of satietyAdjustable gastric banding and conventional therapy forType 2 diabetesObservational studies suggested that surgically induced loss of weightmay be effective therapy for Type 2 diabetes. This study was conductedto determine if surgically induced weight loss results in better glycemiccontrol and less need for diabetes medications than conventionalapproaches to weight loss and diabetes control. The study looked atconventional diabetes therapy with a focus on weight loss by lifestylechange versus laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding with conventionaldiabetes care. It was found that participants randomised to surgicaltherapy were more likely to achieve remission of Type 2 diabetes throughgreater weight loss. Results of this study have been published in the Journalof the American Medical Association, January 2008, JB Dixon et al. Thisresearch also won a poster prize in the Alfred Week Research Poster Display,October 2007.Current Projects• Diabetes randomised controlled trial (Associate Professor John Dixon)• Adolescent randomised controlled trial (Professor Paul O’Brien)• Sleep apnoea randomised controlled trial (Associate Professor John Dixon)• Survival study (Dr Anna Peeters)• Intensive care study (Professor Paul O’Brien)• Knee pain study (Dr Peter Baquie)• Satiety: brain imaging I study (Melissa Hayden)• Psychological assessment study (Melissa Hayden)• Motivation II study (Associate Professor John Dixon)• In vitro studies of the band (Mr Paul Burton)• Nuclear medicine study: gastric emptying (Mr Paul Burton)• Upper gastrointestinal symptoms study (Mr Paul Burton)• Video manometry study (Mr Paul Burton)• Correlation of clinic attendance rate and weight loss (Miss Wendy Brown)• Cardiac study (Dr Ranjana Warrier)• Cardiac study: endothelial progenitor cells (Dr Michael Skilton)• Adipose tissue study (Dr John Wentworth)• Cost-effectiveness review: BMI 30-35 (Catherine Keating)• Cost-effectiveness review: diabetic study (Catherine Keating)• Cost-effectiveness review: OSA (Associate Professor John Dixon)Postgraduate Students2 PhD studentsPublications12 journal articles3 book chaptersCENTRE FOR OBESITY RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 29

Anastasia Adrahtas(left) and Dr Bing Wangtreat neonatal cardiacfibroblasts with antifibroticdrugs.Clinical PharmacologyHead: Professor Henry Krum MBBS, PhD, FRACPThe Clinical Pharmacology Unit provides drug-related services to The Alfred,including advice to and membership of the Drug and Therapeutics AdvisoryCommittee and the Human Research Ethics Committee, leadership on theAdverse Drug Reactions Committee and consulting on drug and toxicologyrelated clinical problems.The Clinical Pharmacology Unit has a very active program of basic andclinical research evaluating new and established drug therapies.Clinical ResearchThe clinical research program is focused on drugs that may affect thecardiovascular system. Agents under current active research evaluationinclude COX-2 inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, statin therapies,clozapine and beta-blockers, as well as various experimental agents.Evaluations include assessment of autonomic and endothelial function aswell as microcirculation tone in health and disease.The unit also serves as a coordinating centre for multicentre clinical trials.Current ongoing trials include:• CHAT (Chronic Heart failure Assistance by Telephone). This studyhas recruited over 400 patients and 300 general practitioners;database closure is anticipated in early 2008. CHAT is asking thequestion whether an automated telephone support system will reducehospitalisations in patients with heart failure in rural and remote areaswhere access to medical services is limited.• SCREEN-HF: (SCReening Evaluation of the Evolution of New HeartFailure). The SCREEN-HF study involves recruiting 3,500 elderly(>60 years) subjects with at least one risk factor for heart failure, anddetermining plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. BNP is amarker of risk of heart failure in populations. Patients in the highestquintile of BNP level are then invited to the Caulfield Clinical Trial Centrefor echocardiography and other cardiovascular assessments. SCREEN-HF will determine whether this strategy is effective and cost-effectivein detecting patients with evidence of cardiac dysfunction before theydevelop symptoms.• Triple R (Reverse Remodelling Resynchronization) Study. Patientswith heart failure may be eligible to receive a biventricular pacemaker(cardiac resynchronization therapy) if they have evidence ofdyssynchrony either on ECG or imaging. However, the mechanismby which cardiac function is improved is poorly understood and,furthermore, approximately 30% of eligible patients either have noresponse or deteriorate with this therapy. This randomised controlledtrial will seek to determine mechanisms by which patients improvecardiac function and/or whether certain markers of disease predict nonresponse.Basic ResearchThe unit also conducts a number of basic research programs within theMonash Medical School research laboratories at AMREP. Current programsinclude:• Role of urotensin II in cardiac disease (NHMRC supported)• Role of p38 MAP kinase system in heart failure disease progression• Role of Rho kinase in cardiac fibrosis• Role of novel agents in cardiac fibrosis and inflammationStaff AchievementsMaros Elsik was awarded the Ralph Reader Prize at the Cardiac Society ofAustralia and New Zealand Annual Meeting in Christchurch, New Zealandin 2007.Postgraduate Students5 PhD studentsPublications24 journal articles2 book chapters2 books30 30 CLINICAL ALLERGY, PHARMACOLOGYIMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

Interventionalradiology: retrieval ofinferior vena cava filter.Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyDirector: Professor Ken Thomson MD, FRANZCR, FRCRThe Alfred Radiology Research Unit is committed to providing the bestpossible delivery and improvement in healthcare through leadership indiagnostic and interventional radiology research and education.Current ProjectsCardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL)(Professor Ken Thomson, Dr Stuart Lyon)The department is the lead site in Australia for the international CORAL study(funded by the National Institutes of Health, USA). The study comparesmedical therapy alone with medical therapy plus renal artery stenting inpatients who have high blood pressure and stenosis of the renal artery.Postoperative pain management in patients undergoing uterine arteryembolisation (UAE) for symptomatic leiomyomata (Professor KenThomson, Dr Stuart Lyon)The purpose of this study is to determine the best pain management regimefor women undergoing UAE for the treatment of uterine fibroids.Physical modelling of cerebral aneurysms (Dr Anoop Madan, Dr HelenKavnoudias, in collaboration with CSIRO)Despite significant improvements in cerebrovascular imaging, it is notpossible to predict the likelihood of rupture of a cerebral aneurysm orrecurrence of bleeding after treatment by insertion of a coil. This study aimsto determine the blood flow changes that occur post-coiling and to developmathematical models that will assist in decisions to treat.Cerebral aneurysm coiling study (Dr Anoop Madan)Long term data are being collected and analysed on patient outcomes postcoiling of cerebral aneurysms.Blunt cerebrovascular head injury project (Dr Anoop Madan)Late detection and inadequate follow-up of neurotrauma patients with bluntcerebrovascular head injury results in debilitating ischaemic stroke andserious ongoing neurological deficit. The purpose of this study is to developimproved guidelines for the clinical management of these patients.Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) study (Professor Ken Thomson)The purpose of this project is to determine the characteristics of endothelialprogenitor cells of patients with AVMs.Splenic embolisation in blunt abdominal trauma: is splenic functionpreserved? (Dr Stuart Lyon)In this study, outcomes will be reviewed in patients who undergo splenicembolisation as a means of splenic salvage in blunt trauma. Splenicembolisation is an alternative to splenectomy that is used in traumapatients and patients who have poor surgical risks.Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter study (Dr Stuart Lyon)Long-term data are being collected and analysed in patients who havea permanent or temporary IVC filter placement. These filters are usedfor patients who are at risk of developing deep vein thrombosis andconsequent pulmonary embolism.Other Current Projects• Correlation between nuclear medicine and angiography in the detectionof gastrointestinal bleeds (Brendan Erskine, Elissa Griffiths)• Reflection of intracerebral aneurysm identification of multislice computertomography (64 slice) and digital subtraction angiography (ElissaGriffiths, Brendan Erskine, Wendy Winslade)• Correlation between MRI and operative findings in acute cervical spineinjury: a retrospective review (Dr Dinesh Varma)• Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in trauma patients (Dr DineshVarma)• Incidence of cervical discoligamentous injuries in intubated multitraumapatients: a retrospective review with CT and MRI correlation (Dr DineshVarma)• Hypersensitivity in the subarachnoid space on FLAIR magneticresonance imaging (Dr Nina Marshall, Dr William Maclaurin)• The value of postoperative angiography on clipped intracranialaneurysms (Dr Anoop Madan)• Interventional radiology in the management of trauma patients:indications and techniques for treatment of extremity vascular injuries(Dr Stuart Lyon)• Is ultrasound useful for investigating abnormal liver function tests in ICUpatients? (Dr Max Kupershmidt)Sponsored Clinical Trials• Clinical evaluation of the Cook Celect Vena Cava Filter (Dr Stuart Lyon,Professor Ken Thomson)• A multicenter, prospective, randomised, controlled study to compareballoon kyphoplasty to non-surgical fracture management in thetreatment of painful, acute vertebral body compression fractures(VCFs) in cancer patients – CAFE Study – KYPHON Inc (Dr Stuart Lyon,Professor Ken Thomson)Publications7 journal articlesDIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY 31

Trauma Reception andResuscitation Projectresearchers (from left):Dr Shelley Jeffcott, NathanFarrow and ProfessorPeter Cameron.Emergency MedicineDirector: Associate Professor Mark Fitzgerald ASM, MBBS, FACEM, MRACMAThe Emergency Medicine research program was particularly active during2007. As in the discipline of emergency medicine itself, the spectrumof research is very varied and includes pre-hospital care, trauma,resuscitation, diagnostics and new models of care. The EmergencyDepartment is ideally placed to collaborate with a large number of groupsto improve acute care.Two large studies completed recruitment in 2007, including the TraumaReception and Resuscitation (TR&R) project led by Associate ProfessorMark Fitzgerald. This project is unique internationally in that a randomised,controlled trial design was used to test the influence of a real timeinteractive computerised algorithm on the resuscitation of trauma patients.As part of this study, an advanced video audit tool was also developed.Analysis of the results will be finalised in late 2008.As a consequence of the TR&R study, we have secured further fundingfor video analysis of factors contributing to team performance duringtrauma resuscitation. Team interactions have been shown to be significantinfluences on error rates in resuscitation. This work is being led by Dr ShellyJeffcott.A study of the impact of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) on diagnosticaccuracy and subsequent management of patients presenting to theEmergency Department with shortness of breath has shown that there is noimprovement in outcomes using this diagnostic test, in addition to routineassessment and investigation. This result is contrary to previous studiesand will significantly influence the perceived value of this test.The Emergency and Trauma Centre has a strong international program, withinternational fellows from many countries. In addition, we have assisted inthe development of systems of emergency and trauma care in a number ofstates in India, Hong Kong and Sri Lanka. Trauma registries established inthese regions will assist in researching improvements over time.Collaborative Projects Funded by NHMRC• Hyperbaric therapy in lower limb trauma (HOLLT Study)• Warfarin collaboration examining the reasons for uncontrolledanticoagulation in patients on warfarin• Use of illicit drugs in emergency department presentations• Prehospital intubation of head injured patients (RSI Study)• Rapid infusion of cold Hartman’s solution (RICH Study)• Centre of Research Excellence in Patient Safety• Early goal directed therapy in sepsis (ARISE Study).In addition, the Emergency and Trauma Centre has a lead role incollaborations with the Victorian State Trauma Outcomes Registry, VictorianOrthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry, Haemostasis Registry and theVictorian Cardiac Arrest Registry.Other ProjectsIndividual projects have also been led by individuals within the department.• Intervention to reduce hypothermia in trauma patients (Sharyn Ireland)• Study to demonstrate that breaks in shifts do not decrease overallemergency department efficiency (Dr Dev Mitra)• Audit of short stay unit outcomes (Dr Rabind Charles, Visiting Fellow,Singapore General Hospital)• Minor head injury outcomes (Professor Jennie Ponsford)• Improving ambulance handover in trauma resuscitation (Dr Sue Evans)• Management of pneumothorax pre-hospital (Ian Patrick)• Pre-ambulance basic life support for patients with severe head injury inrural areas (Associate Professor Stephen Bernard)• Failed ward disposition of trauma patients with chest injury (Dr GabrieleBlecher)• Impact of nurse practitioner model of care (Natasha Jennings).Postgraduate Students1 MD student1 DN studentPublications26 journal articles32 32 EMERGENCY ALLERGY, MEDICINE IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

Dr Ping Fu analysesprotein-protein interactionsuses the state-of-the-artBiacore T100 biosensor.Endocrinology and DiabetesHead: Professor Duncan Topliss MBBS, MD, FRACPResearch ActivitiesMechanisms of Diabetic ComplicationsProfessor Leon BachPatients with diabetes develop complications including damage to theblood vessels, eyes, nerves and kidneys. Although high glucose levelsare necessary for the development of these complications, the precisemechanisms remain incompletely understood. In Professor Bach’slaboratory, the role of proteins that are modified by glucose (advancedglycation end-products – AGEs) is being studied. In particular, hislaboratory has identified a novel interaction between AGEs and proteinsthat are important for maintaining cell shape and function. Current studiesare aimed at identifying the role of this interaction in mediating diabetesinducedtissue damage. Ultimately, these studies may lead to new targetsfor therapeutic intervention.Regulation of Growth Factor ActivityProfessor Leon BachInsulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important for normal growthand development, and the IGF system is perturbed in many diseasestates, including growth disorders, diabetic complications, cancer andatherosclerosis. A family of six IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) regulatestheir actions. Professor Bach’s laboratory has been studying one of these,IGFBP-6, for many years. Some of these studies focus on the biological roleof IGFBP-6, particularly as an IGF-II inhibitor in cancer. To understand themolecular basis of its actions, Professor Bach collaborates with ProfessorRay Norton (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research) to studythe structural biology of the IGF system. These studies may lead to a newclass of therapies aimed at modulating the IGF system which may berelevant for IGF-dependent diseases such as some cancers.This work is supported by a Cancer Council Victoria research grant thatcommenced in 2007. In 2007, the group published an important paperin Journal of Biological Chemistry demonstrating that IGFBP-6 promotesmigration of cancer cells in an IGF-independent manner. This workindicates novel actions for the protein, and a comprehensive understandingof these is a major focus of current studies.Clinical Trials in Diabetes CareProfessor Duncan Topliss, Professor Leon BachThe ADVANCE trial is a large trial in Type 2 diabetes testing if there is abenefit of tight glycaemic control versus standard control, and of routineperindopril / indapamide therapy versus placebo in macrovascular diseaseprevention. The results of the blood pressure arm of the study, showingthat perindopril / indapamide reduced death rates and the risk of heartand kidney disease, were published in The Lancet in 2007. The glycaemiccontrol arm results will become available in 2008.The ORIGIN study is testing the effect of early insulin therapy using the newlong-acting analogue glargine insulin to prevent macrovascular disease inType 2 diabetes.A Phase 1 study of transdermal insulin delivery was completed inconjunction with the Centre for Clinical Studies and Phosphagenics.Clinical Trials in OsteoporosisProfessor Duncan ToplissZOL vs PAM is a trial of pamidronate versus zoledronic acid in patientswaiting for or having received a lung transplant, and compares the efficacyof these treatments on bone density. Analysis of the data from this trial isunder way.Research Achievements• Duncan Topliss was promoted to Professor of Medicine at MonashUniversity.• Professor Leon Bach was chief investigator of a successful $300,000NHMRC equipment grant (via Monash University) to purchase a stateof-the-artBiacore T100 biosensor for AMREP. This equipment facilitatessensitive and detailed analysis of interactions between proteins.Postgraduate Students2 PhD studentsPublications8 journal articlesENDOCRINOLOGY AND DIABETES 33

• REACH Registry• SABRE: Surveillance of workplace Based Respiratory Events• Victorian Cardiac Arrest Registry• VOTOR: Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry• VSTORM: Victorian State Trauma Outcome Registry and MonitoringAwards• Professor Rachelle Buchbinder – the Mollie Holman medal for herthesis ‘Short and long-term effects of a public health media campaigndesigned to reduce disability associated with back pain’• Dr Maros Elsik, PhD student – Cardiac Society of Australia and NewZealand Ralph Reader award• Cameron Gosling, PhD student – Adelaide Conference of Science andMedicine in Sport prizeKey Projects• Cardiorespiratory effects of ultrafine particles (Professor MichaelAbramson)• The role of spirometry in managing chronic respiratory diseases ingeneral practice (Professor Michael Abramson)• Sulodexide in diabetic nephropathy (Professor Robert Atkins)• National Centre for Intensive Care Research (Professor Rinaldo Bellomo)• A randomised trial of core cooling versus surface cooling in comatosesurvivors of prehospital cardiac arrest (Associate Professor StephenBernard)• A trial of prehospital rapid sequence intubation in patients with severehead injury (Associate Professor Stephen Bernard)• Efficacy and safety of vertebroplasty for treatment of painful osteoporoticspinal fractures: a randomised trial (Professor Rachelle Buchbinder)• Australian Rheumatology Association Database (Professor RachelleBuchbinder)• Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry: evaluation andmonitoring of treatment effectiveness across Victorian hospitals(Professor Peter Cameron)• Haemostasis Registry (Professor Peter Cameron)• Victorian State Trauma Outcome Registry and Monitoring (ProfessorPeter Cameron)• Using data to improve quality of health care (Professor Peter Cameron)• Identification of serum and urinary biomarkers that are associatedwith osteoarthritis disease progression in a well established cohort ofsubjects with knee osteoarthriris (Professor Flavia Cicuttini)• The effect of weight loss on the risk of knee osteoarthritis and potentialmodification by biomechanical factors (Professor Flavia Cicuttini)• Role of musculoskeletal biomechanical factors in cartilage loss in thosewho undergo partial medical menisectomy (Professor Flavia Cicuttini)• Multicentre randomised trial of early decompressive craniectomy inpatients with severe traumatic brain injury (Professor Jamie Cooper)• The establishment of a level 1 trauma centre orthopaedic registry toevaluate and monitor treatment effectiveness (Associate Professor EltonEdwards)• Fitness versus fatness and burden of disease (Professor Andrew Forbes)• Improving the measurement of function and quality of life outcomes inpaediatric trauma (Dr Belinda Gabbe)• Improving the measurement and monitoring of long term outcomesfollowing trauma (Dr Belinda Gabbe)• Pooled analysis of petroleum case control studies (Dr Deborah Glass)• A Phase 2 randomised controlled trial of atorvastatin therapy in intensivecare patients with severe sepsis (Dr Peter Kruger)• Metabolic interaction between rofecoxib and aldosterone (ProfessorHenry Krum)• SCREEN-HF: screening evaluation of the evolution of new heart failure(Professor Henry Krum)• The Alfred / Monash Centre of Clinical Research Excellence inTherapeutics (Professor Henry Krum)• Novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of chronic heart failure(Professor Henry Krum)• A randomised, double-blinded intervention study to assess health effectsof drinking water from rainwater tanks (Dr Karin Leder)• A comprehensive regulatory strategy for obesity prevention in Australia(Associate Professor Bebe Loff)• Aspirin in reducing events in the elderly (Professor John McNeil)• Risk and determinants of fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease inthe Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (Professor John McNeil)• A case-control study investigating factors contributing to the risk ofbleeding in patients receiving warfarin therapy (Professor John McNeil)• Better targeting of preventive services using epidemiological modelling(Professor John McNeil)• Centre of Research Excellence in Patient Safety (Professor John McNeil)• Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of aspirin in primaryprevention of CVD events or dementia in the aged (Professor JohnMcNeil)• A study of health and work in employees of Alcoa of Australia Ltd(Professor John McNeil)• Does hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduce complications and improveoutcomes after open tibial fractures with sever soft tissue injury? Aninternational multicentre randomised controlled trial (Dr Ian Millar)• Hyperbaric oxygen in lower limb trauma (Dr Ian Millar)• Evaluation of aspirin and tranexamic acid in coronary artery surgery: theATACAS Trial (Professor Paul Myles)• Evaluating a novel, automated telephone system for improving the longterm management of diabetes (Professor Brian Oldenburg)• An implementation trial of a telephone-based care managementprogram for patients following myocardial infarction (Professor BrianOldenburg)• Using conversational computer technology to improve diabetesmanagement: a randomised controlled trial (Professor Brian Oldenburg)• Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Circulatory and AssociatedConditions in Urban Indigenous Peoples (Professor Brian Oldenburg)• Bosentan project (Associate Professor Chris Reid)• Vytorin treating uncontrolled lipids (Associate Professor Chris Reid)• Occupational exposure to lead compounds and human cancer(Professor Malcolm Sim)• Health Watch Case Control Study (Professor Malcolm Sim)• Home Automatic external defibrillator Trial (HAT) (Professor AndrewTonkin)• The lipid study: 16 year outcomes and predictors of risk and theirinteractions in chronic heart disease patients (Professor Andrew Tonkin)Postgraduate Students47 Masters students62 PhD studentPublications179 journal articles4 book chapters1 bookEPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 35

Dr Mark Berzsenyiuses the HCV/HIVdatabase created as partof his PhD to examineassociations with GBV-C.GastroenterologyHead: Associate Professor Stuart Roberts MBBS, MD, FRACPThe Gastroenterology Department has continued to focus on research intochronic viral hepatitis, chronic liver disease and the related complications ofportal hypertension and liver cell cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease.Research ActivitiesChronic viral hepatitisAssociate Professor Stuart Roberts, Dr Mark BerzsenyiRecent research has focused on understanding the pathogenesis of liverdisease in chronic viral hepatitis C and the evaluation of novel treatmentstrategies to treat both chronic hepatitis C and B. In chronic hepatitis C,several important clinical trials were performed focusing particularly onpatients with difficult to treat genotype 1 infection.Treatment strategies for hepatitis B include a study of tenofovir incombination with emtricitabine in patients with normal ALT (a liver injurymarker), as well as a study exploring the role of tenofovir in the retreatmentof patients who failed adefovir and/or lamivudine therapy.The pathogenesis of hepatitis C-related liver disease was investigated byevaluating the role of the innate immune response and, specifically, Toll-likereceptors in the development of hepatitis C-related liver inflammation andfibrosis.In addition, important clinical studies explored the role of GB virus C, arelatively harmless virus, in modifying the development of chronic liverdisease in patients with hepatitis C and HIV coinfection and the mechanismby which this occurs.Chronic liver disease and its complicationsAssociate Professor Stuart Roberts, Dr William Kemp, Professor FrankDudley, Dr Marios Efthymiou, Dr Peter De Cruz, Dr Anna FoleyThe major focus of research was in the understanding of vasoactivemediators in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension in patients withchronic liver disease. Specifically, we identified that urotensin II, a potentvasoconstrictor, has possible relevance to the development of portalhypertension. Animal studies demonstrated that infusion of urotensin IIincreases portal pressure and is associated with increased liver fibrosis.The department continued to investigate novel therapies for patients withrefractory ascites, focusing on a new aquaretic (water-excreting agent),satavaptan, in controlling fluid retention in these patients. In addition, weshowed in a randomised crossover study that the antibiotic, norfloxacin,does not modify the degree of portal pressure in subjects with cirrhosis andclinically significant portal hypertension.The main focus of research in primary liver cell cancer was indetermining the factors associated with improved outcome in patientswith advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transarterialchemoembolisation (TACE). This work is being extended to evaluate theoutcome of patients with advanced HCC treated with TACE compared tothose with advanced HCC who are managed conservatively.Inflammatory bowel diseaseProfessor Frank DudleyThe department has continued to explore novel treatment strategies forpatients with inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s diseaseand ulcerative colitis, focusing particularly on the role of new biologicalagents such as golimumab and a protein that inhibits interleukin 6, a proinflammatoryprotein that is relevant to these disorders.Major FindingsThe most important novel finding of the department in 2007 was thedemonstration that a relatively harmless viral infection, GB virus C, isassociated with lower risk of progression to advanced liver disease,including cirrhosis and its complications, in patients with hepatitis Cand HIV coinfection. This breakthrough may have potential therapeuticimplications in the longer term and was published in Gastroenterology.The second major finding was that R1626, a novel HCV polymeraseinhibitor, was a safe, well-tolerated and potent inhibitor of hepatitis Creplication in a Phase 1 study. This work has been accepted for publicationin Hepatology. Several other projects have also led to publication.Postgraduate Students1 MD student2 PhD studentsPublications7 journal articles36 36 GASTROENTEROLOGYALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

Using the nervestimulator to studythe function of nervesimportant in thyroidsurgery.GENERAL SURGERYDirector: Professor Jonathan Serpell MBBS, MD, FRACS, FACSSince the appointment of Professor/Director Jonathan Serpell in 2007,The Alfred Department of General Surgery has undergone significantreorganisation. The three previous sub-specialised units have beenrenamed the Breast, Endocrine and General Surgery Unit, the Colorectal andGeneral Surgery Unit, and the Upper Gastrointestinal and General SurgeryUnit. There are also two services: the Oesophago-Gastric Surgery Serviceand the Hepatopancreatico-Biliary Surgery Service. General Surgery iscommitted to clinical research, some areas of basic science, databases,clinical trials, and audit and quality assurance processes. Advancedsurgical trainees are actively supported with research projects.Breast, Endocrine and General SurgeryDatabases have been established in endocrine surgery, including thyroidsurgery, parathyroid surgery, adrenal surgery, parotid surgery, soft tissuetumour surgery. The unit contributes to the National Breast Cancer Centre –College of Surgeons Breast Cancer Database. In addition, a thyroidectomyregistry has been established for use across Monash University campuses.Current Projects• Anatomical studies on the recurrent laryngeal nerve – function of thebranches of the nerve (Prof. J Serpell)• Bifid recurrent laryngeal nerves (Prof. J Serpell)• The impact of synoptic thyroid cytology reporting (Dr C Tsan, Prof. JSerpell)• Hypothyroidism following hemi-thyroidectomy, mechanisms andidentification of risk factors (A/Prof. S Sidhu, Prof. J Serpell)• The incidence of thyroid tumours in thyroid nodules greater than 4cm indiameter (Prof. J Serpell)• Preoperative core biopsy facilitates the management of soft tissuetumours (Dr D Woon, Prof. J Serpell)• The results of parotidectomy from a surgical oncology unit (Dr ABurgess, Prof. J Serpell)• The Australian experience of isolated limb infusion for palliation in-transitmetastasis for melanoma (Dr P Paddle, Prof. J Serpell)• Evolution of the OSCA/OSCE/Clinical Examination of the RoyalAustralasian College of Surgeons (Prof. J Serpell).Colorectal and General SurgeryThe broad range of research projects undertaken by the Colorectal Servicereflects the diverse interests of the members of the unit. There are currentresearch projects undertaken in most areas of colorectal surgery.Current Projects• A study of patients with anal intraepithelial neoplasia (Dr R Winn)• Pathology reporting for colorectal cancer (Mr S Bell)• The use of an electromagnetic chair for faecal incontinence (Mr CFarmer)• Use of dye staining to improve lymph node yield in bowel resectionspecimens to increase accuracy of pathology reporting (Mr S Bell).Upper Gastrointestinal and General SurgeryThe Upper Gastrointestinal Unit has established several databases for thecollection of clinical information regarding major hepatectomies, pancreaticsurgery, oesophagectomy, gastrectomy and bariatric practice.Current Projects• A randomised trial of a very low calorie diet post FOLFOX chemotherapyprior to liver resection for colorectal metastases (Mr C Pilgrim, Dr WBrown, Mr P Burton, Mr P Evans, Mr V Usatoff, Dr A Haydon, Dr I Porter,Dr A Muragasu, Dr S Booth, M Walker, R O’Brien)• Laparoscopic Heller’s cardiomyotomy and fundoplication as a treatmentfor achalasia – long-term follow-up (Dr W Brown, K Heggie, Mr CPilgrim, Mr A Smith, Mr P Nottle)• Laparoscopic hepatectomy (Mr C Pilgrim, Mr V Usatoff, Mr P Evans)• Laparoscopic treatment of bile peritonitis following blunt hepatic trauma(Mr C Pilgrim, Mr V Usatoff, Mr P Evans, Mr P Burton)• Laparoscopic repair of iatrogenic colonic perforation (Mr C Pilgrim, Mr PNottle)• Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in the public system (Dr DKatz, Mr C Pilgrim, Mr J Winnett, Mr P Nottle)• Vascular preconditioning of the gastric conduit prior to oesophagectomy(Mr P Burton, Mr A Smith, Dr W Brown)• Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm (Dr K Goonewardne, Mr P Burton,Dr W Brown)• Pancreatico-duodenal artery aneurysms (Dr M Gerstman, Mr P Burton,Mr P Evans).Departmental Highlights• Dr Julian Choi: Winner of the DS Rosengarten Surgical Trainee ResearchPrize 2007• Dr Wendy Brown: Invited speaker at Hokkaido Trauma Conference,Rusutsu, Japan 2007Publications6 journal articlesGENERAL SURGERY 37

Hyperbaric nurseAmanda Top appliesoxygen to a patient duringhyperbaric therapy.Hyperbaric MedicineDirector: Dr Ian Millar MBBS, FAFOM, Dip DHMCurrent ProjectsHyperbaric Oxygen in Lower Limb Trauma (HOLLT): aninternational multi-centre randomised controlled trialDr Ian MillarThis project was awarded a TAC Research Grant in 2006, which enabledthe establishment of research coordination activity within the Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University.The project aims to determine if a course of hyperbaric oxygen therapy,commenced within 24 hours of injury, will reduce complication rates andimprove outcomes of tibial fracture with severe soft tissue injury. Enrolmentof patients at The Alfred and five other sites commenced during 2007.Further sites will commence during 2008 with the aim of enrolling 250patients by early 2010. Follow up will continue for at least two yearsafter injury. The project was awarded a five year NHMRC Project Grant for2008-2012.Research nurse, Cate Venturoni, manages the HOLLT project’s Alfredenrolments and is coordinating the finalisation of various patient outcomeaudits and literature reviews undertaken by registrars and students of theHyperbaric Service.Identifying susceptible critically ill patients who desaturatefollowing hyperbaric treatment: their characteristics andoutcomesGordon BinghamThis project involves gathering detailed information on intensive carepatients who receive hyperbaric oxygen. Oxygen levels in the bloodsometimes fall below normal for a brief period after being exceptionally highduring hyperbaric oxygen therapy. We aim to determine which patients areaffected and to what degree. During 2007, Gordon Bingham commencedthis research project, which is a major part of his studies and researchtowards a PhD.Is the growth of drug resistant Pseudomonas speciesbacteria inhibited by exposure to hyperbaric oxygen therapy?Dr Kieran HoganHyperbaric oxygen inhibits the growth of certain bacteria and may makefavourable changes to drug resistance.Other Projects• Establishing the patterns of blood glucose changes in diabeticsundergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy (Kate Schliemann)• Safety of deep recreational technical diving: correlation of ultrasoundbubble detection with decompression profiles; indicators of potentialoxygen toxicity from repetitive, prolonged periods of breathing oxygenenriched gas (Dr Andrew Fock)CollaborationsThe Hyperbaric Service collaborates with the University of MelbourneDepartment of Surgery, Austin Hospital, regarding animal hyperbaricchamber research in several areas: acute severe pancreatitis, livertransplantation, potential for potentiation of novel chemotherapy agentsfor metastatic cancer (Professor Chris Christophi, Dr VijayaragavanMuralidharan).Postgraduate Students1 PhD studentPublications3 journal articles1 book chapter38 38 HYPERBARIC ALLERGY, MEDICINE IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

Dr Fiona Chan and DrSimon Teteris receive acertificate for the DiabetesAustralia Research TrustMillennium Award onbehalf of Associate ProfessorRobyn Slattery fromMalcolm Gray AM.ImmunologyHead (Acting): Associate Professor Jennifer Rolland BSc, PhDThe Monash University Department of Immunology has been a part ofThe Alfred hospital campus since its inception in 1963. The Departmenthas maintained a strong research presence and developed into aninternationally renowned centre with combined expertise in research,teaching and service delivery in immunology and immunopathology.2007 saw the arrival of Professor Magdalena Plebanski and her Vaccineand Infectious Diseases Laboratory. This group aims to develop vaccinesand immunotherapies against complex diseases that alter immunity suchas malaria, cancer and, recently in collaboration with the Monash AllergyGroup, asthma.Associate Professor Mark Wright and his Leucocyte Membrane ProteinLaboratory also joined the department in 2007. Mark’s laboratory focuseson two complementary, but distinct fields of interest. Firstly, they researchthe cell surface proteins tetraspanins, and aim to determine the preciserole that these molecules play in the immune system. Secondly, they areinterested in the identification and characterisation of novel moleculesexpressed at the surface of a rare and important type of white blood cell,the dendritic cell. Dendritic cell surface molecules may represent excitingnew targets for manipulating the immune system.At the beginning of 2008, Professor Michael Berndt announced that he hadaccepted the position of Head, College of Medicine and Health, UniversityCollege Cork, Ireland. The Department of Immunology is now poised toenter yet another exciting phase of its history under new leadership.Research ActivitiesResearch activities demonstrate the importance of co-location with otherAMREP partners. In particular, the Allergy Research Program led jointly byAssociate Professor Jennifer Rolland of the Department of Immunologyand Professor Robyn O’Hehir of the Department of Allergy, Immunologyand Respiratory Medicine at The Alfred continues to enjoy success, anddemonstrates important translational research between the laboratory andthe clinic. In 2007 the Allergy Research Program conducted research intothe T-cell recognition of allergens (especially grass pollens) by hay feverand asthma sufferers.Other research in 2007 aims to develop a T-cell targeted vaccine forpeanut allergy. This research work deals with the molecular cloning andcharacterisation of allergens to gain insight into the molecular basis ofallergenicity. Such novel information will pave new and exciting ways forallergy diagnosis and treatment.With thrombosis precipitating heart disease and stroke as the leadingcause of death in the Western world, Professor Michael Berndt and hisVascular Biology Group have been pursuing research into thrombosis,inflammation and vascular biology.Other research programs continued to maintain a robust national andinternational standing in research throughout the year. Associate ProfessorRobyn Slattery led the Diabetes Research Laboratory, with research onthree susceptibility regions Idd1 (the MHC), Idd2 (the insulin promoter)and Idd13 (recently identified by the group as ß2M).The Diabetes/Microvascular Complications Laboratory, headed byAssociate Professor Jennifer Wilkinson-Berka, has a primary focus onunderstanding the contribution of vasoactive and growth factor systems tothe development of diabetic microvascular complications.Associate Professor Frank Alderuccio and his Autoimmunity Laboratory,in collaboration with Professor Ban-Hock Toh from the Monash Instituteof Medical Research, focus on strategies aimed at halting or reversingthe autoimmune response. Using a range of experimental models, theyare very much interested in how the immune system can be manipulatedto induce immunological tolerance and how best to treat existingautoimmune pathologies.The Molecular Signalling Laboratory led by Associate Professor Jun-PingLiu focuses on investigation of the molecular basis of cell ageing, andchanges in molecular switches of cell lifespan and transport.Highlights• Professor Robyn O’Hehir was showcased in the NHMRC publicationGreat Minds in Australian Research. She also chaired the NHMRCProgram Grants committee 2007-2008, was a member of theMinisterial Allergy & Anaphylaxis Working party 2007, and was invitedto become Associate Editor for Clinical and Experimental Allergy.• Associate Professor Robyn Slattery was the recipient of the DART Type1 Diabetes Millennium Award for research into developing an animalmodel for the study of the human insulin promoter.• Professor Michael Berndt gave invited plenaries and symposia atthe Gordon Research Conference on Cell Biology of Megakaryocytesand Platelets, Ventura; XXI Congress of the International Society onThrombosis and Haemostasis, Geneva; 30th Congress of the JapaneseSociety on Thrombosis and Haemostasis; Carl de Grunchy Oration,Haemtology Society of Australia and New Zealand.IMMUNOLOGY 39

• Professor Magdelena Plebanski was invited to be an Editor forParasitology Journal; scientific advisory board member for the 2ndAustralasian Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics DevelopmentConference; organising committee member for the internationalMolecular Approaches to Malaria conference.• Professor Magdalena Plebanski gave an Invited International Speakerplenary presentation at the Malaria Vaccines for the World conferenceat the Royal Society in London, UK, as well as invited presentations atOxford University and Bristol University.• Associate Professor Frank Alderuccio was invited to speak on treatmentof autoimmunity through gene therapy and haematopoietic stem celltransfer-findings in the EAE model at the 3rd International Conference ofAutoimmunity: Mechanisms and Novel Treatments held in Greece.• Dr Karen Scalzo was awarded a Victorian Cancer Agency Early CareerSeed Grant.Current ProjectsAllergic DiseasesAssociate Professor Jennifer Rolland, Professor Robyn O’Hehir• Characterisation of major latex allergens and development ofhypoallergenic preparations for specific immunotherapy• Couch grass allergy: cellular and molecular studies directed at improvedspecific immunotherapy• Immunological and molecular basis of anaphylaxis caused by peanutand tree nut allergy• Characterisation of major Bahia grass pollen allergens• Modulation of the allergen-specific T-cell response and investigation ofoptimal strategies for inducing regulatory T-cell responses to allergens• Allergy to medications• The identification and measurement of potential allergens in wine• Activin: a key driver of inflammation and remodelling in chronic airwaysdisease• Nanoparticle induction of lung resistanceAutoimmune DiseasesAssociate Professor Frank Alderuccio• Use of haematopoietic stem cell manipulation to induce immunologicaltolerance• Understanding and utilising expression of AIRE for tolerance induction inautoimmunity• The use of corticosteroids in strategies aimed at promoting diseaseremission• Role of regulatory T-cells in experimental models of autoimmunity• Induction of tissue specific antigen expression using retroviral vectorsDiabetic RetinopathyAssociate Professor Jennifer Wilkinson-Berka• The role of the prorenin receptor in ischemic and diabetic retinopathy• Aldosterone and angiotensin II: are they conspirators in diabeticretinopathy?• Pathogenic associations between the microvasculature, glia andneurons in ischemic and diabetic retinopathy• Do interactions between glyoxalase I and angiotensin contribute topericyte and endothelial cell death in diabetic retinopathy?• The role of antigen presenting cells in the pathogenesis of Type 1diabetesInflammation and Vascular BiologyDr Robert Andrews• Platelet membrane glycoproteins, structure and function• Mechanisms of cellular adhesion• Structure-function of endothelial cell membrane proteins• Inflammatory responses of white cells• Receptor signallingMicrobial ImmunopathologyDr John Emmins• Immunopathogenesis of gas-gangrene (with Professor Julian Rood,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, and Professor RichardBoyd, Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories)• Immune system of the chicken particularly as it relates to the threatof avian influenza pandemics (with Dr Andrew Bean, Animal HealthLaboratories, CSIRO)• Efficacy and protection of porcine cytokines against the intestinalroundworm Ascaris suum (with Dr Andrew Bean)• Factors affecting the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (withProfessor Richard Boyd)Molecular SignallingAssociate Professor Jun-Ping Liu• Signalling to telomeres: mechanisms of action of TGF• Mechanisms of cancer inhibition by a novel telomerase inhibitor in vitroand in vivo• Characterisation of a novel neural specific ATPase in cholesteroltransportLeucocyte Membrane ProteinAssociate Professor Mark Wright• Investigation of tetraspanin function in vivo using a gene targettingtechnology approach, in CD37 and CD151• Identification and characterisation of novel molecules including FIRE andCIRE expressed at the surface of dendritic cellsVaccine and Infectious DiseasesProfessor Magdalena Plebanski• Development of malaria vaccine using a novel patented nanovaccinetechnology• Investigation of the effect of nanoparticles on dendritic cell maturation,and mechanisms of nanoparticle uptake by dendritic cells in vitro• Production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies aimed atimmunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease• Studies on regulatory T-cell induction by the malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparum from healthy blood donors• Investigation of the role of regulatory T-cells in the maintenance ofimmune homeostasis in healthy donors and their role in diseases suchas ovarian cancer and malaria• Investigation of the immune responses in blood samples from patientswith malaria compared to healthy individualsAutoimmune DiabetesAssociate Professor Robyn Slattery• The role of β2 microglobulin in susceptibility and resistance to Type 1diabetes• The role of the human insulin promoter in the genetic predisposition todeveloping anti-insulin autoreactivityPostgraduate Students1 Masters student17 PhD studentsPublications33 journal articles3 book chapters40 IMMUNOLOGY

Research assistant AjanthaSolomon (left) and PhDstudent Reena Rajasuriarfrom the Lewin laboratory.Infectious DiseasesDirector: Professor Sharon Lewin MBBS, PhD, FRACPThe Alfred Infectious Diseases Unit (IDU) incorporates a largeclinical service with active research programs in the fields of HumanImmunodeficiency Virus (HIV), viral hepatitis, neurovirology, infections inthe immunosuppressed (such as those with malignancy, in intensive careand post-splenectomy), and infection control and hospital epidemiology.Human Immunodeficiency VirusOur research in HIV ranges from basic laboratory studies through to clinicalresearch and public health. We are currently investigating how the immunesystem recovers from HIV infection, where HIV “hides” in patients ontreatment and how HIV interacts with unique infection fighting cells calleddendritic cells. We are also developing novel tests to measure the particularco-receptor used by a patient’s virus, which is essential in order to use anew class of anti-HIV drugs called CCR5 antagonists.The Clinical Research Unit is actively involved in multiple internationalstudies to evaluate new antiretroviral agents, in particular for the treatmentof drug-resistant HIV. Treatment strategy trials are also a research focus,with the unit playing a central role in the international SMART study. Thisstudy showed that episodic treatment according to level of CD4+ cell countwas detrimental to patients. It was associated with increased risk of death,progression to AIDS, greater cardiovascular, renal and liver disease, andworse quality of life. The unit collaborating on many sub-studies to betterunderstand the pathogenesis and cause of these non-AIDS events.Members of the ID unit are also very interested in understanding theproblems of neuropathy (nerve damage in the feet) and drug side effects(including neuropathy) that often affect people living with HIV. More than40% of HIV patients attending our clinic are affected by neuropathy. Thiscauses pain and numbness in the feet and reduces patients’ quality of lifeand ability to work. We have established a network of researchers withinthe Asia Pacific Region to better understand the prevalence of dementia,peripheral neuropathy and depression in resource-poor countries.Viral HepatitisResearch in viral hepatitis combines basic laboratory and clinical work. Weare currently determining how immune cells, specifically T-cells, react tohepatitis B virus (HBV) in the blood and liver and how HIV and HBV maypotentially interact in the cell. We have also established a large cohort todetermine the relationship between the sequence of HBV and the patient’sgenetic make-up. This investigation will tell us what parts of the virus aremost “susceptible” to the immune system. On the clinical side, we arecollaborating in a multicentre international study on the natural history ofHIV-HBV infection, and have an active program to identify and characterisedrug resistance to anti-HBV medication in Australia and Thailand.Antibiotic Use and InfectionsIn this era of multi-resistant organisms it has become increasinglyimportant to optimise the use of current and new antibiotics. Thedepartment has played a pivotal role in the study of both new andconventional antibiotics used for the treatment of serious infections. Thishas included testing a range of different antibiotics in the laboratory forpossible use against newly resistant organisms.Fungal InfectionsDeep tissue infections caused by the fungus Aspergillus (known as invasiveaspergillosis) are a major cause of death in patients with leukaemia or postbone marrow transplantation. The overall goals of our research in this areais to improve the treatment of invasive aspergillosis by optimising the use ofnew and established antifungal agents and developing new diagnostics toaccurately identify the infection.Bacterial InfectionsKlebsiella pneumoniae is an important bacterial infection that can causesevere clinical illness. The department has been involved in an importantand recently published study across four continents that has describedfor the first time a seasonal variation in the incidence of this infection. Inaddition we are collaborating with two other major Melbourne hospitals inan important study of Acinetobacter, which has increased understandingof the epidemiology and antibiotic resistant patterns with this importantbacterial pathogen. The department is also contributing to an internationalstudy across five continents to better define the global epidemiology ofAcinetobacter.Spleen RegistryThe Spleen Registry commenced in late 2003 with the objective ofimproving the health of patients who have undergone splenectomy orhave a poorly functioning spleen. Such patients are at increased risk ofsevere infections but the risk of these events can be minimised by patienteducation, vaccination and use of antibiotics. The objective of the registryis to improve adherence with these recommendations through educationof patients and their health care providers and facilitating access to theseinterventions.INFECTIOUS DISEASES 41

Major Findings• Identified the role of the chemokine CCL19 in establishing HIV latency.This finding will lead to the first in vitro model of HIV latency in primaryhuman cells.• We have characterised a specific change in the immune system thatleads to hepatitis in HIV-HBV co-infected patients who start treatment forHIV and HBV.• We showed the entecavir has anti-HIV activity in most patients and in50-70% of patients resistance quickly developed.• We patented a novel way to rapidly identify patient virus from plasmaand now plan to use this approach to develop a test to determine coreceptoruse.• We have identified novel genetic risk factors for nerve damage followingparticular HIV drugs.• Participation in the SMART study – a seminal study that showed thatstopping HIV treatment intermittently led to worse clinical outcomes thancontinuous anti-HIV treatment.• Over 20% of patients who attend their doctor for non-occupational postexposureprophylaxis for HIV will return for repeat prescriptions of thesemedications.• In resource-poor countries in the Asia-Pacific region 12% of HIV positiveoutpatients had moderate to severe HIV dementia, 20% had peripheralneuropathy and 36% of patients were depressed, demonstrating thatneuroAIDS is a very common complication in this setting.• New diagnostic tests for the early detection of Aspergillus infection aresafe, feasible and cost-effective.• Award of an NHMRC Training Fellowship to Judy Chang (PhD candidatewith Professor Sharon Lewin) to pursue postdoctoral studies at theHarvard Medical School, Boston• Award of a Pfizer Postdoctoral Fellowship to Dr Sarah Kidd to study thegenetics of Aspergillus infectionProfessional Achievements• Professor Sharon Lewin was deputy chair of the organisingcommittee for the Fourth International AIDS Society conference onHIV Pathogenesis, Clinical Research and Prevention held in Sydney,2007. This was the largest international HIV meeting to ever be held inAustralia and attracted over 6000 delegates.• Professor Jennifer Hoy was track chair for the clinical stream andProfessor Stephen Kent was track chair for the prevention stream ofthe Fourth International AIDS Society conference on HIV Pathogenesis,Clinical Research and Prevention.• Professor Sharon Lewin was appointed to the executive of the MinisterialAdvisory Committee for HIV, Sexual Health and Hepatitis, the peakadvisory body to the Commonwealth Minister for Health.• Jennifer Hoy was appointed as the new Professor/Director for HIVMedicine at The Alfred.Postgraduate Students10 PhD studentsPublications74 journal articles2 book chapters• The difference in the sequences of various Aspergillus isolates does notaffect the sensitivity of Aspergillus diagnostic serology tests.Major AchievementsGrants and Awards• Award from the American Foundation for AIDS Research to Dr MirandaXhilaga (fellow) and Professor Sharon Lewin (mentor) to study the roleof the male genital tract in leading to HIV persistence on treatment• NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship (PF2) awarded to Professor SharonLewin• NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship awarded to Professor SuzanneCrowe• The Roche FIND Award to- Professor Sharon Lewin (in collaboration with Professor Crowe) todevelop a way to measure viral fitness in HIV infection- Dr Edwina Wright to continue studies of HIV-related neurologicaldisease in the Pacific region• NHMRC Project Grant to Professor Sharon Lewin and Dr Paul Cameronto study HIV latency• Young Investigators Award to attend the Conference of Retroviruses andOpportunistic Infections (CROI) in Los Angeles in 2007. This is thelargest international HIV scientific meeting held annually in the US.- Dr Megan Crane (postdoctoral research scientist with ProfessorSharon Lewin)- Ms Jennifer Audsley (clinical research fellow with Professor SharonLewin and Dr Joe Sasadeusz)42 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Medical Oncologyresearch nurseMarisa Cikosexamines a trialpatient’s peripherallyinserted centralcatheter line.Medical OncologyHead: Associate Professor Max Schwarz MBBS(Hons), FRACP, FACP, FAChPMThe Medical Oncology Unit continues to provide a multidisciplinaryapproach to cancer care for adult patients with malignancies. An integralcomponent of this care is the clinical trial and research activities, whichallow new investigational treatments to be offered across a wide range oftumour types.The unit’s research activities include Phase 1, 2 and 3 trials, incorporatingboth pharmaceutical company sponsored and investigator driven studies,with active participation in both national and international clinical trials.The main areas of research are gastrointestinal cancers (colorectal,pancreas), lung cancer, breast cancer, central nervous system (CNS)tumours and melanoma. Medical Oncology aims to have options availablewithin the different stages of cancer diagnosis, for example, adjuvant trialsfor earlier stage disease and metastatic trials for more advanced disease.Medical Oncology participated in an international trial that was published inthe New England Journal of Medicine in November 2007which demonstratedthat the investigational drug cetuximab improved progression-free survivaland overall survival whilst preserving quality of life parameters in patientswith colorectal cancer, in whom other treatments had failed.Many other projects continue to have ongoing follow-up for patients untilfinal analysis of results are available.Current Projects• A Phase 3 adjuvant trial in pancreatic cancer comparing 5-fluorouraciland D-L folinic acid versus gemcitabine versus no adjuvant treatment:ESPAC-3 (Dr Jeremy Shapiro)• Phase 2 study of fixed dose rate gemcitabine-oxaliplatin integrated withconcomitant 5FU and 3-D conformal radiotherapy for the treatment oflocalised pancreatic cancer (Dr Jeremy Shapiro)• A randomised, three arm multinational Phase 3 study to investigatebevacizumab (thrice or twice weekly) in combination with eitherintermittent capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) (thrice weekly) orfluorouracil / leucovorin with oxaliplatin (FOLFOX-4) versus FOLFOX-4regimen alone as adjuvant chemotherapy in colon carcinoma(Dr Andrew Haydon)• SOFT – Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial: a Phase 3 trial evaluatingthe role of ovarian function suppression and the role of exemestane asadjuvant therapies for premenopausal women with endocrine responsivebreast cancer (Associate Professor Max Schwarz)• A Phase 2/3 double blind randomized trial of AZD2171 versus placeboin patients receiving paclitaxel / carboplatin chemotherapy for thetreatment of advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (DrAndrew Haydon)• A Phase 3 trial comparing GV1001 and gemcitabine in sequentialcombination to gemcitabine monotherapy in advanced unresectablepancreatic cancer (Dr Andrew Haydon)• A Phase 3, international, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group,multicentre study to assess the efficacy of ZD6474 (Zactima) versuserlotinib (TARCEVA) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic(stage IIIB – IV) non-small cell lung cancer after failure of at least oneprior cytotoxic chemotherapy (Dr Andrew Haydon)• A randomised, multicentre, Phase 3 study to compare the efficacyof panitumumab in combination with oxaliplatin / 5-fluorouracil /leucovorin to the efficacy of oxaliplatin / 5-fluorouracil / leucovorin alonein patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (DrAndrew Haydon)• A bioequivalence trial of oral and intravenously administeredtemozolomide in patients with primary CNS malignancies (AssociateProfessor Max Schwarz)• A Phase 3 randomised trial of chemotherapy with or withoutpanitumumab in patients with metastatic and/or recurrent squamous cellcarcinoma of the head and neck (Dr Andrew Haydon)Publications11 journal articles44 44 MEDICAL ALLERGY, ONCOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

PhD student SophieLewis from the MonashCentre for Ethics inMedicine and Societyconducts a qualitativeresearch interview.MedicineHead: Professor Napier Thomson MBBS, MD, FRACPThe Monash University Department of Medicine is responsible for theprovision of teaching and other academic programs at The Alfred formedical undergraduates and postgraduate research students. Thedepartment is the focus of many research activities undertaken by universitypersonnel employed in the department and also by hospital clinicaldepartments (refer to separate reports) integrated with the Department ofMedicine. In addition, many physicians and scientists employed in thehospital’s clinical departments have honorary appointments within theDepartment of Medicine to facilitate the provision of the teaching program,research programs and supervision of postgraduate research students.Respiratory Immunology GroupResearch undertaken by physicians of the Department of Allergy,Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, and scientists in the Department ofMedicine and the Monash University Department of Immunology, is largelycentred on the immunobiology of asthma (particularly atopic asthma),chronic lung disease, cystic fibrosis and lung transplantation. A program ofstudy of lung regeneration using stem cell technology has been establishedin association with Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories.Renal Disease GroupClinical research projects in Renal Medicine are predominantly in the area ofglomerulonephritis, vasculitis, progression of renal disease, diabetic renaldisease, chronic allograft rejection, evaluation or renal disease in patientswith end stage heart and lung pathology facing heart or lung replacement,and renal disease following successful heart and lung transplantation.The broad theme of the laboratory research program is the mechanismsof progression of primary renal disease. Both human and experimentalmodels of renal disease are studied, with particular focus on the role of thefibrogenic growth factors and apoptosis in progression of injury.NeurosciencesThe establishment of the Van Cleef / Roet Chair of Neurosciences and Centrefor Nervous Diseases in the Department and in The Alfred in 1996 hasallowed the development of a program of research, particularly in the areaof genetics and neurological disease.system in heart failure disease progression; Rho kinase in cardiac fibrosis;novel agents in cardiac fibrosis and inflammation.Infectious DiseasesThe main research areas of the Infectious Diseases Unit are humanimmunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis, infections in immunosuppressedpatients, infection control and hospital epidemiology.Women’s HealthThe Women’s Health Program in the Department of Medicine undertakesinnovative research into the determinants of the most common causes ofill health in women; leads international research programs and providesinternational expert opinion; translates research findings into healthpractitioner guidelines, and provides education directly to the communityabout common health issues that affect women throughout adult life.Endocrinology and DiabetesClinical and laboratory research, especially in the area of diabetes, isconducted. Specific research programs include mechanisms in thedevelopment of diabetic complications, and insulin-like growth factordysregulation in diabetes and heart failure, and clinical trials in diabetescare and osteoporosis.Centre for Ethics in Medicine and SocietyAlso within the Department of Medicine is the Monash University Centre forthe Study of Ethics in Medicine and Society. The specific objectives of thecentre are: (1) to stimulate a culture of reflection, debate, dialogue andawareness of ethical issues in the medical community and the faculty; (2)to deliver high quality teaching products; (3) to conduct research; and (4)to contribute to the development and enrichment of practice.Postgraduate Students3 Masters students1 MD student50 PhD studentsPublications69 journal articles7 book chaptersClinical PharmacologyPharmacological research is focused on drugs that may affect thecardiovascular system. Basic research programs investigate the role of:urotensin II in cardiac disease (NHMRC supported); p38 MAP kinaseMEDICINE 45

Visiting Frenchdermatologist Dr PascaleGuitera demonstrates thenew confocal microscopepurchased with the supportof The Muriel and LesBatten Foundation.Melanoma ServiceHead: Associate Professor John Kelly MBBS, MD, FACDResearch conducted by the Victorian Melanoma Service is primarily clinicaland aimed at facilitating earlier detection of melanoma. Early detection ofmelanoma remains our primary method to prevent mortality as we stillhave no therapy other than complete removal of the primary tumour with aclear survival benefit.Major findings from research conducted in 2007 have been in two areas.The first used our database of 4,000 patients to assess the efficacy ofdifferent types of biopsy in accurately identifying the presence of melanomaand in assessing its seriousness. Dr Jonathan Ng undertook this workfor his Masters degree and showed that complete excision is by far themost accurate for the detection of melanoma and that partial biopsies,particularly punch biopsy, are often misleading. Dissemination of thisinformation will prevent deaths from inappropriate use of biopsy.The second area in which major findings were produced was inthe development of a model that uses all of the currently knownepidemiological data regarding melanoma risk to produce a five year riskmodel for doctors to use in assessing the risk that any particular patientfaces for the development of melanoma in the next five years. This allowsappropriate surveillance strategies to be put into place, thus enablingmore effective surveillance and thereby enhancing early detection. We arecurrently seeking funds to put this mathematical model on a website so thatdoctors can freely access it.Current Projects• Changes in the epidemiology of melanoma in Victoria over 20 years(Dr Hugh Roberts)• The features and associations of isolated dermal melanoma(Dr Sarah Brennan)• The efficacy of imiquimod and the treatment of lentigo maligna(Dr Martin Haskett)• Mathematical model to predict five year risk for the development ofmelanoma (Dr Victoria Pearce)• Comparative study of the epidemiology of nodular melanoma, lentigomaligna melanoma and superficial spreading melanoma(Dr Wendy Liu)• The effectiveness of different biopsy types in detecting melanoma(Dr Jonathan Ng)• Factors affecting delay in melanoma diagnosis (Dr Wendy Liu)• Multicentre sentinel lymphadenectomy trial 2 (Mr Richard Bloom)In addition, Associate Professor John Kelly, Dr Alex Chamberlain and DrWendy Liu have drawn attention to the significance of nodular melanomaas the most common type of high-risk melanoma and have identifiedits importance as a rapidly growing form of melanoma. This form ofmelanoma was previously greatly under-recognised, and many deathshave resulted from failure of medical practitioners to recognise it. Theongoing research program is drawing increasing attention to this form ofmelanoma and resulting in many instances of detection of this hithertofrequently unrecognised entity. This knowledge should result in a decliningdeath rate from nodular melanoma in the years to come.Postgraduate Students2 Masters studentsPublications12 journal articles46 46 MELANOMA ALLERGY, SERVICE IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

The Trauma Receptionand Resuscitation Projectaims to investigate thevalue of informationtechnology in supportingreal-time decision-makingto reduce error in traumaresuscitation and thesubsequent effects ontrauma outcomes.National Trauma Research InstituteGeneral Manager: Louise Lyons AssocDipBus(InfoTech), MBA, GradDipIntHealthThe key objectives of the NTRI are to facilitate the best outcomes for traumapatients by taking new therapies validated by research and integrating theminto clinical practice. This is being accomplished through: developing anenhanced multidisciplinary approach; the co-location of basic, clinical andepidemiological research; the promulgation of multicentre collaborationand networks; strengthening state, national and international partnerships;applying validated research outcomes into clinical settings; contributing tobest clinical practice standards within both metropolitan and rural settings.HighlightsAAMI Heads of Agreement: NTRI, AAMI and Skilled Drivers recently enteredthe second year of an agreement in which AAMI was a major sponsor andprincipal research partner of NTRI.Mazda Foundation Agreement: NTRI and Mazda Foundation signed anagreement in June 2007 that saw the Mazda Foundation become a majorresearch partner of the NTRI over the next three years.Completion of Victorian Trauma Foundation Enabling Grant: NTRIcompleted an Enabling Grant for 2006/2007 from the Victorian TraumaFoundation to support the operations and infrastructure of NTRI.International guests: Professor Christian Krettek from the Hanover MedicalSchool in Germany and Kate Fitzpatrick from the University of PennsylvaniaMedical Centre presented a forum on surgical trauma care and traumanursing. Professor John Fildes from the University of Nevada School ofMedicine presented a forum on using the national trauma bank to improvetrauma care.Trauma Research Education Day for Paramedic Students: NTRI hostedtwo Trauma Research Education Days to promote research and bridge thegap between trauma research and service delivery.Allied Health Trauma Research Symposium: The symposium, attended byabout 70 delegates, was held in November 2007 and consisted of a seriesof allied health trauma research presentations and a panel discussion onopportunities for allied health research in trauma.Trauma Summit 2010: NTRI will host the conference in Melbourne in2010, and aims to attract between 500 and 750 national and internationaldelegates.NTRI and collaborators were awarded 17 new grants by various fundingbodies, in addition to the 22 current grants awarded in previous years.New ProjectsAssessment and intervention for patients with mildtraumatic brain injuryProfessor Jennie Ponsford, Professor Peter Cameron, AssociateProfessor Mark FitzgeraldThere is continuing debate as to the most appropriate methods of assessingand managing patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Scores onthe Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and duration of post-traumatic amnesia(PTA) are key indicators of head injury severity. The purpose of this study isto examine the accuracy of the revised Westmead PTA scale in identifyingthe presence of PTA in patients presenting to the Emergency Departmentwith mTBI. The outcomes of this study will contribute to improved screeningand management of PTA.DECRA Project (Continuation)Professor Jamie Cooper, Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld, Professor ThomasKossmannSevere head injury is the major cause of death in trauma patients admittedto hospital. Even current best practice results in only about one third ofpatients able to live independently in the long term. The rest are severelydisabled, with a lifetime cost of $2.5 million per person, or deceased. Brainswelling in the days following injury increases the severity of brain damage.The usual control measures in intensive care are often ineffective. Cliniciansdo not know whether decompressive craniectomy achieves its goal ofimproving patient outcomes; we are testing the concept in a randomisedclinical trial in 19 centres in Australia, New Zealand and internationally.Enhancing endogenous neurogenesis as a potential therapyfollowing TBIAssociate Professor Cristina Morganti-KossmannApproximately 25% of individuals that survive head injury remain withpermanent neurological disabilities. The basis of this disability is themassive loss of brain cells (neurons) that occurs after trauma. Althoughthe brain has historically been considered a non-regenerating tissue, inrecent years, neuroscientists have identified immature cells in normal brainthat have the potential to grow and differentiate into functional neurons(neurogenesis). This pilot project will investigate the neurogenesis thatoccurs following focal TBI in mice.NATIONAL TRAUMA RESEARCH INSTITUTE 47

Establishment of a neurotrauma tissue / fluid bank withinthe national neural tissue resource centreProfessor Catriona McLean, Associate Professor Cristina Morganti-Kossmann, Professor Thomas Kossmann, Professor Jeffrey RosenfeldThis initiative will be a unique Australian resource to underpin and enhancethe VNI funded research efforts in Australia. Currently, no such neurotraumabrain bank exists in Australia. As a consequence, Australian researchersare unable to utilise human neurotrauma tissue linked to clinical andpathological data potentially undermining the current worth of neurotraumaresearch. The availability of high quality human post-mortem CNS tissuewill assist both scientists and clinicians to focus their research on this areaof national need.Fluid resuscitation for patients with TBI – potentialmechanisms behind the detrimental effect of albuminresuscitationProfessor Jamie Cooper, Professor John MyburghThe selection and use of resuscitation fluids is a fundamental aspect ofthe management of trauma patients. The landmark SAFE study found thatadministration of 4% albumin (a commonly used colloid in Australia)was associated with an apparently increased risk of death in patientswith trauma and TBI, when compared with saline (a crystalloid). Theseeffects have been subsequently confirmed in an analysis published inthe New England Journal of Medicine in September 2007. The aim of thecurrent study is to determine the mechanisms that caused albumin to beassociated with an increased mortality in patients with TBI when comparedwith normal saline.Optimal timing of definitive femoral fracture fixation inmulti-trauma patientsAdam DowrickSurgical insertion of a rod to fix a broken thighbone is done in patientswith multiple injuries. It is controversial whether this should be doneimmediately, or whether temporary fixation followed by delayed insertionof the rod some days later is better for the patient. In both cases, fat isreleased from bone marrow and can damage the lungs, brain and otherorgans. Practice at Australia’s biggest trauma centre at The Alfred hasbeen changing from immediate to delayed fixation following extensivedebate amongst orthopaedic surgeons and the publication of study results,primarily from European centres, that describe better outcomes when theinsertion of the rod into the bone is delayed.Phase II pilot randomised trial of operative fixation offractured ribs in patients with flail chestDr Silvana Marasco, Professor Jamie CooperThe mainstay of management of patients with flail chest has traditionallybeen analgesia and positive pressure ventilation. This approach isassociated with prolonged ventilation times and associated complicationsincluding pneumonia, sepsis and subsequent requirement for tracheostomy.There has been increasing interest in the role of operative stabilisation ofthese injuries in recent years. This study suggests that operative fixation ofrib fractures in patients with flail chest may result in improved outcomes interms of ICU / ventilation hours, functional outcomes and cost benefit.Role of posttraumatic hypoxia in the exacerbation of cerebralinflammation elicited by brain injuryAssociate Professor Morganti-Kossmann, Professor Thomas KossmannThere is clinical evidence showing that 45% of patients with severe TBI aresubjected to respiratory distress leading to reduced oxygen delivery to thebrain or hypoxia. Based on previous evidence showing that hypoxia itselfinduces brain inflammation, it is hypothesised that the combination of TBIand post-traumatic hypoxia will exacerbate the production of inflammatorymediators in the injured brain, thus aggravating tissue and neurologicaldamage. This hypothesis will be tested in a model of diffuse traumaticaxonal injury in which rats will be subjected to trauma with or without posttraumatichypoxia.Trauma in older adults: does age matter?Associate Professor Glynda Kinsella, Associate Professor John Olver,Professor Thomas Kossmann, Dr Ben OngTBI is most frequently associated with young males. However, older adultsform the second most frequently injured demographic. In contrast to theincreasingly well-documented outcome literature on younger adults, thereare very few studies that have focused on older adults. The purpose of thisstudy is to extend our understanding of the impact of mild-moderate TBI forolder adults in terms of cognition, everyday ability and quality of life.Traumatic injury to the brain and spinal cord: secondaryinjury, development and evaluation of new treatmentsProfessor Norman Saunders, Associate Professor Cristina Morganti-Kossmann, Professor Seong-Sen Tan, Dr Jennifer Callaway, Dr PeterCrack, Associate Professor David Howells, Professor Peter McIntyreBrain and spinal cord injuries, commonly arising from motor vehicleaccidents, are a significant cause of death and severe disability in thecommunity. Damage to the brain and spinal cord is categorised asprimary (immediate consequences) and secondary (processes thatoccur after initial impact). The purpose of this study is to develop a betterunderstanding of the mechanisms that lead to secondary damage followingtraumatic brain and spinal cord injury.Wyeth BMP-2 randomised trialsMr Russell Miller, Mr Elton Edwards, Professor Thomas Kossmann,Adam Dowrick, Helen DonaldsonThe bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) randomised trials beingconducted at NTRI are sponsored by Wyeth Research and are designedto investigate the clinical efficacy of a test article, an injectable paste thatcontains proteins that increase the presence of bone-forming cells at thefracture site.Other new projects under way in the NTRI include:• Serum melatonin levels in critically ill patients – a study to examine theexacerbation melatonin deficiency in TBI patients in critical care• To explore the potential use of CNS proteins released in blood andcerebrospinal fluid as markers of damage following traumatic braininjury• Hypoxia increases neurotoxin quinolinic acid production ion thetraumatic injured brain• Heparin in severe sepsis• Cell apoptosis and Inflammation in a mouse model of focal closed headinjury• Psychiatric disorders following traumatic brain injury: an investigation oflesions locationPostgraduate Students7 Masters students2 other Doctoral students4 PhD studentsPublications42 journal articles48 NATIONAL TRAUMA RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Antibody staining(arrow) on neuronsin the cerebellum(coordination centreof the brain). Thisshows that antibodiesto gliadin, as occur incoeliac disease, canreact with nerve cells.NeurosciencesHead: Professor Elsdon Storey MBBS, DPhil, FRACPStrokeThe Stroke Unit, under the leadership of Dr Judith Frayne, participates inmany national and international multicentre stroke trials, including bothindustry-sponsored and investigator-driven trials. Associate ProfessorRichard Gerraty supervised a successful Honours project on transcranialDoppler measurement of cerebral microbubble emboli during shaken salineinjection / echocardiography in 2007, and is also addressing the difficultmanagement issues raised by cervical arterial dissection, a commonconsequence of trauma.Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s disease has been called ‘the approaching epidemic’. Optimally,treatment for Alzheimer’s should be started as early in the disease aspossible. In conjunction with Associate Professor Glynda Kinsella (LaTrobe University), patients have been studied to ascertain whether teachingmemory strategies at an early stage may improve everyday memoryfunction. The pilot trial has been promising, and further studies have beenfunded by NHMRC. Carmela Germano, a La Trobe University psychologyMasters student, co-supervised by Professor Storey, has completedstudies on memory mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease, and has severalpublications in press. Dr Louise Kelly continues to study the functions ofAPP, the nerve cell protein that is broken down to form the toxic amyloidprotein of Alzheimer’s disease.Inherited and Sporadic AtaxiasSpinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) affect those parts of the brain concernedwith coordination. Many cases have a genetic cause. The department’sclinical work in the inherited ataxias involves finding and describingnew varieties of ataxic illness. Collaborators at the US National Institutesof Health have now determined the genetic cause of SCA 15, which wedescribed in 2001. In conjunction with the Murdoch Childrens ResearchInstitute, we have discovered another type of inherited ataxia, SCA 30.Gluten sensitivity has been proposed as a common cause of sporadicataxias, although this is contentious. NHMRC is funding the departmentto study this problem, both in a mouse model and in subjects with newlydiagnosed coeliac disease. Neurophysiology Scientist, Kate Tuck, hascontinued validation and standardisation work on a number of upperlimb coordination measures. The department is also undertaking theclinical and neurophysiological assessment of tremor and ataxia, andneuropsychological assessment, of male patients with possible fragile Xtremor / ataxia syndrome and of female fragile X carriers, funded by NHMRC.Cognition in Cerebellar Stroke and Hepatitis CGeneral medical illnesses can affect brain function and therefore thinking.Chris O’Halloran, a La Trobe University neuropsychology Masters studentjointly supervised by Professor Storey, has commenced studies onthe localisation of cognition and effective function in the cerebellum.Neuropsychologist Dr Rubina Alpitsis received an Alfred Research TrustsSmall Project Grant to study the effects of hepatitis C infection on cognition.Current Projects• VITATOPS – vitamins to prevent stroke: a multicentre clinical trialexamining the efficacy and safety of multivitamin therapy in secondarystroke prevention (Dr J Frayne)• ARCH – arch related cerebral hazard (Dr J Frayne)• PERFORM – prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events ofischaemic origin with terutroban in patients with a history of ichaemicstroke or transient ischaemic attack (Dr J Frayne)• ANCROD – a study of ancrod (Viprinex) in subjects beginning treatmentwithin six hours of the onset of acute, ischaemic stroke (Dr J Frayne)• ROCKET – a multicentre trial comparing the efficacy and safety of oncedailyoral rivaroxaban (BAY 59-7939) with adjusted-dose oral warfarinfor the prevention of stroke and non-central nervous system embolism insubjects with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (A/Prof. R Gerraty)• TRA2-P – a multicentre study to evaluate the safety and efficacy ofSCH 530348 in addition to standard of care in subjects with a historyof atherosclerotic disease: thrombin receptor antagonist in secondaryprevention of atherothrombotic ischemic events (A/Prof. R Gerraty)• Inhibition of APP and APLP2 using siRNA to investigate protein functionand possible therapies for Alzheimer’s disease (Prof. E Storey)• Prevalence and characterisation of FMR1 gene’s premutation carriersamongst older males presenting with tremor/ataxia (Prof. E Storey)• Does coeliac disease cause ataxia or cognitive impairment? (Prof. EStorey)• Prevalence and genetic mechanisms of neurological and gynaecologicalchanges in women carrying small FMR1 expansions (Prof. E Storey)• Localisation and fractionation of executive attention and social cognitionwithin the cerebellum following cerebellar infarction (Prof. E Storey)Postgraduate Students3 DClinNeuropsych studentsPublications13 journal articles6 book chapters1 electronic publicationNEUROSCIENCES 49

The department isactively involvedin the developmentof innovative andminimally invasivetechniques for treatingneurosurgical conditions.NeurosurgeryDirector: Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld MBBS, MD, MS, FRACS, FRCSEd, FACS, FRCSGlasgad eundem, FACTM, MRACMA, RAAMCClinical Director: Mr Peter Hwang MBBS, FRACS, FRCSEd, FRCSGlasg, FCSS, FAMSSince the appointment of clinical director Mr Peter Hwang in 2007, TheAlfred Neurosurgery Department has entered a new phase of growth inits research activities. The unit commenced work on a number of newprojects in 2007, continuing and further developing collaborations withthe departments of Intensive Care, Trauma Surgery, Stroke, Radiology,Radiotherapy and Pathology. Notably, the department submitted anapplication for ethical clearance to participate in a large internationaltrial of a novel anti-vasospasm agent. This study, CONSCIOUS-2, aimsto reduce mortality, infarct volume and the incidence of vasospasm inpatients treated with surgical clipping for aneurysmal subarachnoidhaemorrhage. The trial is expected to commence early in 2008 and willrun for approximately two years.The unit has also continued its active student research program, withinternational and local junior and senior medical staff undertaking researchprojects under the direction of neurosurgery staff.Research projects ongoing from previous years include the DECRAtrial, which is being conducted in collaboration with the departments ofTrauma Surgery and Intensive Care. Recruitment for this trial is expectedto continue until the end of 2009. The unit is also actively collaboratingwith the National Trauma Research Institute, working closely with AssociateProfessor Cristina Morganti-Kossmann and her staff on numerouslaboratory-based projects. The US National Institutes of Health-fundedinternational Familial Intracranial Aneurysm Study is also ongoing, and isexpected to continue throughout 2008.Major Grants and Achievements• TAC Health Research – Project Grant. The study of severe brain injuryat The Alfred hospital (continuation of DECRA project). Professor JamieCooper, Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld, Professor Thomas Kossmann.2007-2011: $566,373.• Victorian Neurotrauma Initiative – Traumatic Brain Injury Project Grant.Establishment of a neurotrauma tissue/fluid bank within the NationalNeural Tissue Resource Centre (NNTRC). Professor Catriona McLean,Associate Professor Cristina Morganti-Kossmann, Professor JeffreyRosenfeld, Professor Thomas Kossmann. 2007-2010: $811,148.• Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld was awarded an Honorary Fellowship of theRoyal College of Surgeons (Glasgow) ad eundum.• Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld was appointed to the Expert ScientificReference Committee of the Victorian Neurotrauma Initiative in February2007.Current Projects• DECRA: a multicentre randomised trial of early decompressivecraniectomy in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (ProfessorJeffrey Rosenfeld)• FIA: Familial Intracranial Aneurysm Study (Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld)• The correlation of clinical and radiographic findings with long termoutcomes in road trauma patients with acute cervical discoligamentousinjury (Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld)• Establishment of a neurotrauma tissue / fluid bank within the NationalNeural Tissue Resource Centre (Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld)• Calcitonin receptor expression in human brain tumours (Mr PeterHwang)• Cerebral autoregulation monitoring in paediatric traumatic brain injury(Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld, Philip Lewis)• The epidemiology of blunt carotid and vertebral injuries and thedevelopment of a screening protocol (Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld, MrPeter Hwang, Dr Yagnesh Balasubramani)• Trauma reception and resuscitation – time for a new approach(Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld)• The development of a neurosurgical audit system (Philip Lewis)• Novel applications of ultrasonic intracranial distance measurements(Philip Lewis)Postgraduate Students1 Masters student2 MD students3 PhD studentsPublications21 journal articles2 book chapters50 50 NEUROSURGERYALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

Nuclear Medicine’sdedicated PET/CTscanner is now availablefor clinical service andresearch applications.Nuclear MedicineHead: Associate Professor Michael Kelly MBBS, FRACPThe Department of Nuclear Medicine was established in 1968 and isprimarily committed to providing patient services that involve the use ofunsealed sources of medical isotopes either for therapy or diagnosis. It isespecially active in training medical specialists in this field having trained80% of these specialists currently employed in the six major teachinghospitals in Melbourne. The department is also heavily committed to thetraining of nuclear medicine technologists who are an integral part of theprovision of these services to our patients.The long tradition of actively participating in a series of multidisciplinaryresearch projects with many other Alfred hospital departments and theBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute continues. The Department of NuclearMedicine is also involved in research activities that support its principalareas of clinical involvement and thus is now increasingly focused onimproving the assessment of cancer patients.Through 2007, the preparation and installation of a dedicated positronemission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT) scannerrepresented a significant equipment upgrade. This will allow the hospitalto provide current best practice imaging technology predominantly for theassessment of cancer and also to provide support to the hospital’s cancerservice. This scanner will also position the department appropriately toengage in more formal PET/CT related research for an ever-widening subsetof patients with various cancers.Studies completed since the 2006 report are now either published in peerreviewed journals or are in various stages of the publication process.Of particular relevance, Dr Kenneth Yap et al. (Med J Aust) showed howthe use of the clinical pre-test Wells score could significantly stratify thelikelihood of pulmonary embolism (PE), and in concurrence with otherstudies, also showed that chest pain was not significantly associated withPE. This simple system could significantly decrease the costs and risk ofunnecessary investigations for PE.Current ProjectsIncidence of radiation thyroiditis and ablation success rates following 1110MBq and 3700 MBq post surgical I-131 ablation therapy for differentiatedthyroid carcinoma (Dr Martin Cherk, Dr Victor Kalff with the Department ofEndocrinology and Diabetes)Evaluation of pulmonary nodules and lung cancer with one-inch crystalgamma coincidence PET/CT versus dedicated PET/CT (Dr Martin Cherk, DrKate Moodie, Dr Victor Kalff with the Peter MacCallum PET Centre)Mechanisms of the disorders of circulatory control which may causesyncope: chronic low blood pressure (Dr Kenneth Yap with the Baker IDIHeart and Diabetes Institute)Mechanisms of the disorders of circulatory control which may causesyncope: pure autonomic failure, multiple systems atrophy and Parkinson’sdisease with autonomic failure (Dr Kenneth Yap with the Baker IDI Heartand Diabetes Institute)Nuclear medicine studies of gastric and oesophageal emptying in Lap-Band patients (Dr Kenneth Yap with the Monash Department of Surgery andthe Centre for Obesity Research and Education)Using I-123-MIBG to assess norepinephrine transporter function in patientswith hypertension, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and syncope(Dr Victor Kalff with the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute)Publications8 journal articlesNUCLEAR MEDICINE 51

Opening of the AustinCentre for Clinical Studies.From left: Professor AlbertFraumann (Austin Centrefor Clinical Studies), DrBrendan Murphy (AustinHealth), Robert Stewart(Baker IDI Heart andDiabetes Institute) andAndrew Giddy (NucleusNetwork).Nucleus NetworkChief Executive Officer: Dr Andrew Giddy BVetSc, GradDipBioethMedical Director: Professor Peter Hodsman MB, ChB, MD, FRACP, FRCPNucleus Network is a not-for-profit clinical research and educationcompany wholly owned by the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute andoperates one of Australia’s leading Phase 1 clinical research facilities.Nucleus Network operates a 30-bed early phase clinical research unit inthe Burnet Tower at AMREP as well as an additional 16-bed facility at theAustin Hospital in Heidelberg, Victoria. It is in these units that new drugsand compounds are administered to healthy volunteers and patients in astrictly controlled environment, attended to 24 hours a day by speciallytrained medical support staff. Participants in trials are watched closely forany reactions and have blood samples, blood pressure and other vitalsigns taken and recorded at regular intervals.The information collected monitors and protects the participants’ healthand also provides crucial information about the therapy under trial. Theseparticipant profiles inform the pharmaceutical or biotechnology company’sunderstanding of the drug and are a crucial part of the development of thetherapy.As well as clinical research activities, Nucleus Network provides a broadrange of expertise on clinical research and product development in theglobal pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries. Thecompany’s three core business activities are:• Conduct of Phase 1-4 studies, with a particular emphasis on earlyphase studies• Education and training in Good Clinical Practice (GCP)• Clinical trial consulting servicesThe Centre for Clinical Studies AMREP is an unrivalled site for the conductof clinical trials and is core to the business of Nucleus Network. This30-bed facility, co-located with The Alfred hospital, was custom-designedto comfortably conduct early phase clinical trials and is staffed by leadingprofessionals in the clinical trials field. With the expertise of NucleusNetwork behind it, it is the nation’s premier clinical research facility, aswitnessed by steady growth and strong repeat business from local andinternational sponsors:• Over 30 Phase 1 clinical trials conducted• Growth to over 70 full and part-time staff• Two Japanese – Caucasian metabolism studies completed• Collaboration with specialist principal investigators in dermatology,oncology, rheumatology, gastroenterology, endocrinology andrespiratoryIn February 2008 a new 16-bed facility, the Austin Centre for ClinicalStudies, was officially launched. This new centre increases NucleusNetwork’s capacity to conduct trials and also increases its strong suite ofindustry professionals to undertake trials, oversee them and provide thebest advice for the development of new therapies post-trial. Like the Centrefor Clinical Studies AMREP, the Austin Centre has:• Direct access to essential services and leading specialists• Co-location with a world-class teaching hospital and associatedresearch groups• Cardiac telemetry to all beds• Dedicated processing laboratoriesNucleus Network Education (NNE), the education arm Nucleus Network,is committed to training the clinical trials industry in GCP and offerscertificates on completion of study. Courses are offered face-to-face oron-line and are designed around the schedule of the participant. Forthose who want to build a career in clinical research, NNE offers aninternationally recognised certification program. Certification assists thepublic, healthcare professionals and the industry by identifying standardsfor professional practice, and provides confidence that those testing futuremedicines are trained and competent professionals.Between 2003 and mid-2008, NNE trained over 700 industryprofessionals across Australia and in New Zealand, with a 97% pass rateon certification examination completion. NNE also provides a number ofscholarships in GCP training to its research partners.In an expansion of its education resources, NNE partnered in 2007 withglobal online training company ClinfoSource, based in Danville, California.This partnership offers online training for clinical trials professionals inthe Australia-New Zealand region. The program provides clinical trialinvestigators, coordinators, research associates and others a solid andpractical understanding of clinical trials conduct and management, and ofthe regulations and ethics central to the drug development process.Nucleus Network has been providing in-class clinical research trainingto those involved in trials in Australia and New Zealand since 2005. Thenew collaboration offers courses customised for the Australia-New Zealandregion in the web-based format allowing convenient access to GCPtraining. This high standard, accessible, affordable and flexible clinicalresearch training format is designed to suit the pressures of busy dedicatedpersonnel working in the clinical research area.52 52 NUCLEUS ALLERGY, NETWORK IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

PhD students fromright Lenore Beddoes,Emma Cohen andLauren McTier studypatient outcomes ofcare with ProfessorMari Botti (left).NursingDirector: Associate Professor Sharon Donovan BN, MidCert, MBAThe Alfred / Deakin Nursing Research CentreThe Alfred / Deakin Nursing Research Centre, led by Professor Mari Botti,provides academic and professional leadership to clinical and academicstaff and students of The Alfred and Deakin University. The centre iscommitted to contributing to innovative practice developments andimproved patient outcomes, and currently supports PhD students, Master ofNursing students and Bachelor of Nursing (Honours) students.Research ProjectsEvaluating quality of care in an oncology setting: symptom managementand practicesEmma Cohen is developing a model to evaluate and enhance symptommanagement in patients with cancer that will incorporate patients asactive participants, identify measurable quality indicators of symptommanagement and establish a framework for quality appraisal and feedbackof symptom management at a unit level.Evaluating the quality of 24 hour acute care delivery: describingfunctional outcomes of older people using a model of best practiceLenore Beddoes is developing a model to evaluate and enhance themanagement of functional status in older patients in the acute medical wardthat incorporates a framework for quality indicators of functional status andwill test the capacity of the QI framework to evaluate 24 hour managementof functional status in patients aged over 65 years.Defining patient participation in treatment in acute care contextLauren McTier is exploring how to measure patient participation anddescribe the systems, persons and process barriers and facilitators in anacute cardiac post surgery unit.Implementing a core dataset for the systematic reporting of medicationincidents by critical care nursesNurse interventions to improve the safety and quality of medicationadministration are rarely recorded in the hospital reporting system, and aretherefore not utilised optimally to improve medication safety. Judy Curreywill use a core dataset to describe critical care nurse interventions at TheAlfred aimed at improving medication safety administration.La Trobe / Alfred Clinical SchoolThe La Trobe / Alfred Clinical School allows the combination of resources ofacademic and clinical practice fields to encourage the exchange of nursingresearch ideas and provides a continuum between theoretical concepts andclinical practice at all levels.Research ProjectsImproving hospital discharge preparation and support for families ofpatients with dementiaMichael Bauer undertook a qualitative study to understand the family andcarer’s experience of the hospital discharge process for a family member ofa patient with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia.The perceptions of older patients regarding the causes andconsequences of readmission to hospital in AustraliaAs part of an Honours program, Belinda Noel interviewed patients readmittedto an acute medical short stay unit to explore their experiencesand perceptions as to the cause of multiple hospital admission.Mechanical ventilation in Australian emergency departmentsThis was a multicentre study of mechanical ventilation practices in Victorianemergency departments. The outcomes of the project will be used to informthe development of Victorian clinical practice guidelines.The environment and care at The Alfred Centre – an exploratory studyDavid Edvardsson was a Visiting Fellow at La Trobe University School ofNursing. He undertook a survey of staff and patients’ experiences of theenvironment and model of care at the recently opened Alfred Centre.Identifying susceptible critically ill patients who desaturate followinghyperbaric treatment: their characteristics and outcomesGordon Bingham builds on work undertaken in his Masters to explore theincidence, severity and predisposing factors that are associated with posthyperbaricdesaturation in critically ill patients.Nursing AwardsRefer to Awards on page 71.Nurses’ experience of using RiskMan for reporting near-miss medicationincidentsThis is an extension of the reporting of medication incidents work conductedby Judy Currey and aims to understand nurses’ perceptions of reportingnear-miss medication events.Postgraduate Students1 Masters student4 PhD studentsPublications24 journal articles3 book chaptersNURSING 53

Dietitian EmmaRidley undertakesHeart to HAARTCardiovascularDisease Risk ScreeningProgram in HIVpositive patients.NutritionManager: Associate Professor Ibolya Nyulasi BSc Nut & Diet, MSc, GradDipBusMgtThe Nutrition Department maintained a strong research focus in 2007 inthe areas of nutritional assessment and dietary intervention for patients withchronic idiopathic urticaria, cystic fibrosis, and HIV.In 2007, the pilot phase of a randomised controlled trial investigating theefficacy of a pseudoallergen-free diet in the treatment of chronic idiopathicurticaria was completed by Fiona Hore-Lacy from La Trobe Universityas her Honours project. The pilot data were presented at the NationalScientific Meeting of the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology andAllergy. This work was funded by an Alfred Research Trusts Small ProjectGrant previously awarded to Kate Connell (Nutrition Department) andProfessor Jo Douglass (Department of Allergy, Immunology and RespiratoryMedicine).Susannah King completed her PhD through Monash University in2007. Her thesis was entitled ‘Determinants of malnutrition in an adultcystic fibrosis population’. Her supervisors were Professor John Wilson(Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine) andAssociate Professor Ibolya Nyulasi (Nutrition Department). Susannah’sresearch found that both underweight and depleted fat-free mass remaincommon in cystic fibrosis (CF), and that these nutritional problems areassociated with poorer lung function. Of particular interest was the findingthat low muscle mass was more common in males with CF. Susannah’sstudies also found that the ∆F508 mutation of the CF gene (the mostcommon mutation); and high levels of inflammation in the blood, wereassociated with a greater chance of losing muscle mass over a four yearperiod. Her study of gastrointestinal function, conducted in conjunction withphysiotherapist Dr Brenda Button, found that slower emptying of food fromthe stomach was associated with poorer nutritional status. The results ofthese studies have many implications for the nutritional management ofCF and can assist with identifying strategies to ensure optimum nutritionfor adults with CF. Susannah’s studies were supported by NHMRC, CysticFibrosis Victoria, Monash University Small Grants and the CASS Foundation.The Nutrition Department, in conjunction with the Infectious Diseases Unit,ran the Heart to HAART Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk ScreeningProgram in November 2007. The aim of the program is to raise awarenessof cardiovascular risk in HIV positive patients. It has been run annuallysince 2003 and coincides with World AIDS Day. Dedicated LipodystrophyClinic Dietitian, Emma Ridley, completed the screening. Primary healthpromotion activities such as the Heart to HAART program have unveiledpreviously unappreciated opportunities for intervention and potentialreduction of CVD risk in the HIV infected population.AchievementsJaneane Dart was awarded a scholarship from the Food Media Club ofAustralia in 2007 to support her studies in the Master of Gastronomy(University of Adelaide and Le Cordon Bleu) in 2008.Susannah King was awarded the Michael J Hall Memorial Prize forResearch in the Field of Respiratory Disease / Physiology at Alfred Weekin 2007, for her poster presentation entitled ‘Serum levels of advancedglycation end-products are elevated in cystic fibrosis’.In 2007, Susannah was also invited speaker at the North American CysticFibrosis Conference; and presented her research at Australian scientificmeetings in the nutrition and CF fields.Alison Spence, new graduate dietitian in 2007, was awarded the DietitiansAssociation of Australia National Conference Best New Researcher Awardfor her poster presentation on her Honours work entitled ‘Nutrition riskscreening of clients with dementia attending a memory loss clinic’. Alisonhas also recently been awarded a scholarship to commence a PhDat Deakin University in 2008, in the area of infant nutrition, while shecontinues to work at The Alfred one day per week.Current Projects• Can a modified fat diet with low glycaemic load improve insulinsensitivity and inflammatory mediators in overweight people withcardiac failure? (Fiona Adams)• The efficacy of a pseudoallergen-free diet in the treatment of chronicidiopathic urticaria and/or angioedema: a randomised controlled study(Kate Connell)• Prevalence and predictors of malnutrition and reduced bone density inan adult cystic fibrosis population (Dr Susannah King)• Nutrition practices for women and children in rural India (AssociateProfessor Ibolya Nyulasi)Postgraduate Students2 Masters students1 PhD studentPublications2 journal articles54 54 NUTRITION ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

Measuring jointrange of motion as anoutcome measure in arandomised controlledtrial of three differentsplinting techniques forthe management of malletfinger injury.Occupational TherapyManager: Lisa Somerville BSc(OT), MPHThe Occupational Therapy Service at The Alfred was established in 1950,and provides clinical services for inpatients and outpatients across thespeciality areas of medicine, surgery and psychiatry. The service strivesto enhance people’s quality of life by enabling them to participate in theirchosen life roles and personal occupations. Occupations include all ofthe activities that occupy people’s time such as self-care tasks, householdduties, community involvement, work, study and leisure pursuits.Research in occupational therapy examines the relationship of disease orinjury to occupational performance, and the effectiveness of occupationaltherapy interventions in maximising individuals’ abilities to overcome tasklimitations and participate in daily activities. Research output for 2007 hasincluded publications in professional textbooks and peer-reviewed journals,as well as several free papers at national and international conferences.In 2007, Dr Scott Presnell was appointed as Senior Clinical Researcherwithin the department. This is a joint position with La Trobe Universityand is aimed at facilitating clinical research in occupational therapy andimproving access to, and use of, research evidence by clinical staff.Lisa O’Brien, Senior Occupational Therapist in plastics, continues herresearch into the comparative effectiveness of different splinting techniquesin the management of mallet finger injury. This research is supported by anAlfred Research Trusts Allied Health Grant.Allison Cox, 2007/2008 Acting Manager of the Occupational TherapyDepartment, is joint senior researcher on a project entitled ‘SeclusionReduction in Acute Psychiatry’ which has received a grant from The AlfredFoundation. The research aims to evaluate the introduction of sensorymodulation techniques as a novel intervention within Alfred Psychiatry as ameans to improve client and staff satisfaction as well as to reduce rates ofseclusion and aggressive incidents within the inpatient unit.PATHOLOGY CONTINUED FROM PAGE 56Antibiotic Studies• Studies on the use of newer antibiotics (such as linezolid), as well asimproved usage of some older antibiotics (e.g. colistin), have beensuccessfully completed.• Promising new antibiotic options for the treatment of the multi-resistantorganism, Acinetobacter, have been developed and published.Studies on Specific Clinical Infections• The Australian and New Zealand Collaboration on Outcome ofStaphylococcus Sepsis.Allison is also undertaking a Clinical Doctorate (Occupational Therapy)and is researching the use of a school based social skills program,conducted within the schoolyard environment, for primary schoolchildren experiencing significant and longstanding social difficulties inthe schoolyard. Taking place within school environments and addressingsocial participation, this intervention will aim to directly influence the socialand emotional well being of primary school aged children.Chew Na Tan, Principal Occupational Therapist at Singapore GeneralHospital, conducted a qualitative investigation exploring the factorsthat influence people’s re-engagement in life roles following burn injury.This study was conducted in collaboration with Jacqueline Salway, anOccupational Therapist in the Burns Unit, and was completed as partrequirement for a Masters in Occupational Therapy supervised by DrPresnell.Current Projects• The Alfred Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service schoolyardparticipation project: implementation and evaluation of a targetedschool-based intervention program to develop young children’s socialcompetency (Allison Cox)• Randomised controlled trial of splinting interventions in the treatment ofmallet finger injuries (Lisa O’Brien)• A qualitative analysis of patient-related factors associated with reengagementin activities and participation following severe burn injuryin adults (Anna Tan, Singapore General Hospital; Scott Presnell)Postgraduate Students4 Masters students1 OTD student1 PhD student• Studies on other specific infections, including MRSA endocarditis, GroupB streptococcus bacteremia, Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis, and theemerging fungal infection, Scedosporium.• The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on bacterial growth in vitro (togain insights into the treatment of clinical sepsis).Postgraduate Students1 Masters student1 PhD studentPublications36 journal articlesOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY / PATHOLOGY 55

MHC2 immunofluoresencein dystrophic muscle.PathologyDirector: Associate Professor Hans Schneider MD, FRACP, FRCPA, FACBThe Alfred Pathology Service provides routine laboratory testing for allcampuses of Alfred Health and provides consultant advice as well astesting. The areas of research are aligned with the areas of specialtyexpertise of the units within the department.Anatomical PathologyHead: Professor Catriona McLeanResearch has a strong focus on pathologic study of human tissue,particularly the study of diseased brain. The laboratory collaborates widelyaround Melbourne and has collaborations in the UK and USA.Specific research areas are HIV neuropathogenesis, PML neuropathogenesis,humoral rejection in cardiac transplantation, prostatecancer immunoreaction patterns and epidemiology, neurotrauma brainbank (in conjunction with National Trauma Research Institute), psychosisin frontal lobe dementia, malignant hyperthermia and the RyR receptor,muscular dystrophy in children, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, andneuroimaging (using novel binders) of neurodegenerative diseases.In 2007, Professor McLean received the BMedSc ‘supervisor of the year’award and a special commendation from the Vice Chancellors Award forTeaching Excellence, Monash University. The group received funding fromNHMRC, ARC, Victorian Neurotrauma Initiative and Bethlehem GriffithsFoundation.Clinical BiochemistryHead: Associate Professor Hans SchneiderA large randomised controlled trial of BNP testing in the EmergencyDepartment was completed. In contrast to the published literature, use ofBNP did not improve admission rates or shorten length of stay of patientsthat came to the hospital Emergency Department with shortness of breath,despite the test performing well in the diagnosis of heart failure.Investigation of patients with permanently elevated troponin levels showedthat they are likely to have troponin complexes bound to immunoglobulinscirculating in their blood. A protocol has been developed that allows theinvestigation of these patients in a systematic way to identify them earlyand shorten their hospital stay.In collaboration with the Pharmacy Department, a project was begun toidentify patients for the absence of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)prior to commencement on thiopurine medication.HaematologyActing Head: Dr Susan WhiteheadResearch activities are predominantly developmental and are aimed atimproving the quality of service offered to users.Blood BankBlood bank and medical staff were key participants in the Bloodhoundstudy, undertaken with the Australian Red Cross Blood Service. The aimwas to determine the proportion of red cells issued in Victoria used forurgent and elective indications. Data will be used to assist with planning toensure sufficient blood supplies are available in a national emergency.General Haematology Laboratory• Further collaborative studies have been undertaken to demonstratethe superior utility of the holotranscobalamin assay in diagnosingcobalamin deficiency in pregnancy.• The unit continues to be involved in a multicentre Phase 1/2 trial ofimmunomodulatory drugs.• In collaboration with the Monash Department of Immunology, an assayto measure memory B cells was initiated. It is postulated that patientswith low levels of memory B cells are at greater risk of developingoverwhelming septicaemia.MicrobiologyHead: Associate Professor Denis SpelmanAntibiotic Resistance Studies• The unit is involved in multicentre studies to document antimicrobialsusceptibility patterns for significant organisms, includingStaphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis.• The SENTRY study is an international study on antibiotic resistanceto evaluate the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterialisolates collected from specific clinical infections in differentgeographical regions.Infection Control Studies• The International Collaborative Study on Acinetobacter (ICSA) aimsto investigate episodes of Acinetobacter and to type these organismsacross five continents.• Studies to investigate an outbreak of infection and colonisation oforganisms carrying the metallo-β-lactamase gene in the hospital haveresulted in improved methods of identifying these organisms andsignificantly impacted on control efforts.CONTINUED ON PAGE 5556 56 PATHOLOGY ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

Social workers Kellie Muir(left) and Leah Duplooyinvestigate family members’perceptions of psychosocialtrauma and adaptation as aresult of an ICU admission.PATIENT AND FAMILY SERVICESManagers: Bridget Wall BSW, MSW, GradDipEval and John Ashfield BSWThe Social Work Service in the Department of Patient and Family Serviceshas continued to develop academic links with the University of Melbourne.Infectious Disease TeamThe Infectious Diseases Social Work team completed an evaluation ofthe second operational year of the Outreach Case Management Service.Utilising qualitative and quantitative data, the evaluation sought to explorecommunity perceptions of a hospital based case management serviceand quality of life indicators for HIV positive people. Targeting clients withmultiple and complex needs, the evaluation highlighted an increase inservice uptake, and identified improvements in participants’ self-reportedmental health, physical wellbeing, social connectedness and psychologicalfunctioning. This evaluation led to the team commencing a new model ofservice of intensive social work to better meet the needs of the client group.General Medical TeamIn 2006/2007 the team underwent a number of staffing changes, whichimpacted upon research initiatives. The team used its 2007 team-buildingday to explore future opportunities for research.Trauma TeamThe Trauma Team, in conjunction with Dr Lou Harms from University ofMelbourne, completed its research project ‘Family adaptation followingtrauma: the impact of intensive care unit (ICU) hospital admissions’. Thisresearch explored family members’ perceptions of psychosocial trauma andadaptation as a result of an ICU admission. Using the Impact of Event Scale(IES) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), subjective reports ofposttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth respectively were examined.Perceptions of family need were also examined. While social workers andother practitioners have been aware of the distress of family membersas a result of an ICU admission, the trauma scores and narratives of theparticipants confirm that for many, the experience is a highly traumatic one.Chronic Illness TeamGillian Coult, Social Worker in the Heart Transplant Unit, continued to offerthe online support group developed in 2006, and has also developed asupport group at The Alfred for post-heart transplant patients.The screening tool for ‘Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Patients in anAcute Cancer Ward’ developed in 2006 by Sue De Bono, Senior SocialWorker, and Lynda Katona, Senior Psychologist, continued to be used bynursing staff in identifying distress in patients in the 7 East cancer ward.Pastoral CareThe Reverend Marilyn Hope and Professor Paul Komesaroff continued towork on a research proposal to explore the role and impact of pastoralcare. The primary object of the project is to map the spiritual dimension ofillness, as experienced by patients, their families and professional carers.Volunteer ServiceIn September 2007 the Volunteer Program conducted a volunteer evaluationof the program. There was an 80% return rate for the survey, with 76% ofvolunteers stating that they gave their time to The Alfred to “give back to thecommunity and help others”. Other results from the evaluation:• Volunteer ages vary from 15 to 84 years• The program has 132 females – average age 56 years• The program has 37 males – average age 44 years• 65% of respondents rated their volunteer experience in the excellent/good categoryInterpreter and Multicultural ServicesThe Interpreter Service was chosen as one of Alfred Health’s Lean ThinkingProjects. The demand for interpreters across the organisation is high.The goal of the interpreter prioritisation guideline is to more effectivelyutilise Alfred Health’s available interpreter resources, through decreasingthe amount of time they spend waiting in outpatients, and reducing therequirement for external interpreter services. The interpreter service was alsosuccessful in securing two new positions, one Greek and one Cantonese/Vietnamese. Due to the increase in agency costs for these languages, it ismore cost effective to employ staff directly.Aboriginal Health and AccessThe Aboriginal Health and Access Worker commenced in a 16 hoursper week position. The role has been to establish links with the localcommunity, provide secondary consultation to staff and assist with stafftraining.Staff AchievementsGillian Wilson, Manager Volunteers – abstract entitled ‘The high andlow tide of volunteer management’ accepted for presentation at the 12thNational Conference of Volunteering.Postgraduate Students4 Masters studentsPATIENT AND FAMILY SERVICES 57

Some of Pharmacy’spostgraduate researchstudents, from left:Bianca Levkovich, EricaTong, Susan Fisher, AmyMcRae, Amela Korajkicand Maria Larizza.PHARMACYDirector: Professor Michael Dooley BPharm, GradDipHospPharm, FSHPAResearch ActivitiesThe development of the Research Centre for Medication Use and Safety(RCMUS), within Monash University, to be based at The Alfred, isadvancing. The governance process and business case for MonashUniversity is nearing completion, and formal support has been receivedfrom both the Pharmacy and Medical Faculties of Monash University. Thearchitects’ functional study and plans have been completed to fit the RCMUSwithin the available workspace.The research activities of the Pharmacy Department fall under the broadbanner of evaluating the quality use of medicines, and may be classifiedunder the following themes:• Medication safety• Therapeutics• Practice research• Outcomes researchConsiderable research grant funding has been achieved during 2007,the most significant being a successful Australian Research Council(ARC) Linkage Project Grant of $387,000. This grant was the result ofcollaboration between the Pharmacy Department, Monash UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, the Department ofAllergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine and Roche Pharmaceuticals.The project will commence in 2008 and will enable the investigation ofthe economic impact of improved adherence to treatment plans in chronicdisease.Another significant project on which Pharmacy is collaborating is anNHMRC Project Grant with Monash University Department of Epidemiologyand Preventive Medicine and the Centre of Research Excellence in PatientSafety. This involves a case control study investigating factors contributingto the risk of bleeding in patients receiving warfarin therapy.Research collaborations began with Aged Care Services at CaulfieldHospital to investigate patients’ ability to self-administer their medicationswhen they are discharged home. Through this collaboration, a $49,000research grant was successfully obtained from the Collier Charitable Fund.An important international relationship is being progressed with the Tufts-New England Medical Center Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology. Withinthis group, Pharmacy will contribute to the validation of the modificationof diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation that is being used for electronicreporting of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) estimates in many pathologycentres, including The Alfred.Other Projects• Assessing the accuracy of inpatient medication reconciliation formcompared to medications identified at home visit (Susan Fisher)• Improving the safety and quality of thiopurine medication use througha collaborative approach to optimise the uptake of pharmacogenomictesting (Susan Poole)• Impact of bar-code scanning on dispensing accuracy and work-flow indispensing medication (Susan Poole)• Prescribing and safety issues of molecular therapies and oralchemotherapy in medical oncology patients (Professor Michael Dooley)• Validation of the MDRD equation and applicability for electronic reportingof eGFR estimates by pathology departments (Professor MichaelDooley)• National survey of medication usage in multiple sclerosis (ProfessorMichael Dooley)• Integration of complementary medicines into community pharmacypractice (Professor Michael Dooley)Postgraduate Students7 Masters students2 PhD studentsPublications14 journal articlesA collaboration with The Alfred Gastroenterology Unit and PathologyDepartment is investigating ways to improve the uptake of thiopurinemethyltransferase (TPMT) phenotype testing for patients receiving thiopurineanalogues.58 58 PHARMACY ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

Research physiotherapistTshepo Rasekaba collectingdata for the project‘establishing predictedvalues for the modifiedshuttle walk test’.PhysiotherapyManager: Jim Sayer BAppSc(Physiotherapy), GradDip(Exercise & Sports Sc),MHlthSc(Manipulative Physiotherapy)Research ActivitiesThe Alfred Physiotherapy Department has seen significant growth inits research activities over the last 12 months and has active researchprograms investigating physiotherapy interventions for respiratorydisorders, physical activity in chronic disease and physiotherapy inintensive care. This year has also seen the appointment of our first researchphysiotherapist, Tshepo Rasekaba.Associate Professor Anne Holland led a team, including physiotherapistPrue Munro, which successfully completed a multisite randomisedcontrolled trial of pulmonary rehabilitation for people with interstitial lungdisease. This trial was awarded the Jill Nosworthy Award for Excellencein Cardiorespiratory Research at the Australian Physiotherapy Associationconference, the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Award forBest Presentation on Physiotherapy, and the Lucy Battistel Award for AlliedHealth Research at Alfred Week 2007. Anne was also awarded the ThoracicSociety of Australia and New Zealand / Asia Pacific Society of RespirologyEarly Career Development Award to present the trial results at the JapaneseRespiratory Society meeting in Tokyo in 2007.Anne Holland’s research investigating the effects of heated humidificationduring bilevel positive airway pressure was awarded the AmericanAssociation for Respiratory Care Ikaria First-time Author Literary Award forher publication in Respiratory Care in 2007.Caroline Nicolson is leading a randomised controlled trial investigatingthe effects of inhaled hypertonic saline in people with bronchiectasis. Shewas successful in obtaining funding from the Physiotherapy ResearchFoundation and The Alfred Research Trusts Small Project Grants scheme.Soula Fillipas also received an Alfred Trusts Small Project Grant for herstudies on the benefits of physical activity in people with HIV/AIDS. Soulaundertook a travelling fellowship in 2007, funded by the Felice RosemaryLloyd Travel Scholarship, to further her understanding of the physiotherapymanagement of HIV by visiting expert centres in the USA.Carol Hodgson is undertaking PhD studies investigating the physiologicaleffects and benefits of recruitment manoeuvres in ventilated patientswith acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). She was successful inobtaining funding for her research from the ANZICS Foundation, ANZCAand the Alfred Research Trusts as part of the PHARLAP trial of ventilatorystrategies for patients with ARDS. Carol is also the recipient of an NHMRCPostgraduate Scholarship.Current Projects• Gastro-oesophageal reflux in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and bronchiectasis (Annemarie Lee)• Prevalence and significance of gastro-oesophageal reflux in adults withcystic fibrosis (CF) before and after lung transplantation, together withthe effects of physiotherapy techniques on gastro-oesophageal function(Dr Brenda Button)• Validation of the PAL2 physical activity monitor in people with COPD(Associate Professor Anne Holland)• What is the minimum clinically important difference for the 6-minutewalk test in people with COPD? (Associate Professor Anne Holland)• Development of normal values for the modified shuttle walk test in adults(Associate Professor Anne Holland)• Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in people with CF (AssociateProfessor Anne Holland)• Does the 3-minute step test predict clinical outcome in adults with CF?(Dr Brenda Button)• Exercise training following bone marrow transplantation (CatherineWalsh)• A pilot study of exercise training for pulmonary arterial hypertension(Prue Munro)• The effect of inhaled hypertonic saline (6%) in people withbronchiectasis (Caroline Nicolson)• Physical activity in people living with HIV/AIDS (Soula Fillipas)• Validation of a physical activity questionnaire in people living with HIV/AIDS (Soula Fillipas)• Characteristics of responders and non-responders to recruitmentmanouevres in ventilated patients with ARDS (Carol Hodgson)Postgraduate Students3 PhD studentsPublications4 journal articles2 electronic publicationsPHYSIOTHERAPY 59

Psychiatry meetsEngineering: Dr BrianLithgow places anelectronic probe in theear of a subject, aspart of the psychiatryneurovestibulardiagnostic project.PSYCHIATRYDirector: Professor Jayashri Kulkarni MBBS, MPM, PhD, FRANZCPThe Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (APRC) has continued to developinnovative, new applications and treatments for severe mental illnesssuch as schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder and depression, drawingupon novel technological advances, alliances with other disciplines, andfostering a ‘new thinking’ approach to improve current treatment optionsfor people with mental illness. In addition, investigative and observationalstudies have been aimed at elucidating the aetiology and epidemiology ofmental illnesses.The involvement of clinical staff within the Psychiatry Department in theirown research activities has resulted in a large number of projects in 2007.Findings from these studies have informed better clinical practices andfostered an enthusiastic research culture. APRC has attracted employeesfrom overseas and interstate; there are now 90 researchers, includingstudents and associates, and 82 projects in progress. APRC continuedto build international networks, which have been greatly enhanced byorganising the 3rd International Congress on Women’s Mental Health in2008.Current Research Programs and ProjectsWomen’s Mental HealthProfessor Jayashri Kulkarni• A definitive estrogen patch trial (ADEPT)• Selective estrogen receptor modulators – a potential treatment forpsychotic symptoms of schizophrenia?• Tamoxifen – a potential treatment for women in the manic phase ofbipolar disorder• Depression and the combined oral contraceptive pill: a randomisedcontrolled trial investigating the effects of drospirenone andlevonorgestrel upon mood state in healthy women• The National Register of Antipsychotic Medication in Pregnancy• The identification of biomarkers to aid diagnosis and measurement ofresponse to treatment in mental illness and neurological conditions• Estradiol treatment and its interaction with the cholinergic system:effects on cognitive function in healthy young women• The effects of adjunctive estradiol on cognitive performance in womenwith schizophreniaBrain Stimulation and NeuroimagingProfessor Paul Fitzgerald• A randomised double blind trial of targeted repetitive transcranialmagnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depressive disorder• A randomised double blind trial of low and high frequency stimulationTMS in major depression: priming stimulation substudy• A double blind sham controlled trial of rTMS in treatment resistant majordepression• A double blind sham controlled trial of rTMS in bipolar depression• TMS: a new treatment for depressed adolescents• A double blind placebo controlled trial of TMS in the treatment ofnegative symptoms in schizophrenia and related disorders• A double blind sham controlled trial of tDCS in the treatment ofschizophrenia and depression• A study of the effects of drugs with GABA and glutamate receptor activityon repetitive TMS induced plasticity in the human motor cortex• Interhemispheric motor cortical excitability and inhibition modulation inschizophrenia with a TMS paired associative stimulation paradigm• A comparative study of the effects of repetitive paired TMS on motorcortical excitability• A functional correlate of deficient cortical inhibition in schizophrenia:investigating motor overflow• Cortical inhibition in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia anddepression• TMS studies of autism and Asperger’s disorder• Mirror neurons in autism, Asperger’s disorder and schizophrenia: aneurobiological basis of social cognition?• The role of the dorsal stream in early visual processing: feedforwardand feedback from V1 to V5/MT+ in human vision• Investigating the influence of motor inhibition on motor initiation• Electrophysiological correlates of major depression: a study of alphaactivity and hemispheric lateralisationPsychopharmacologyProfessor Jayashri Kulkarni, Anthony de Castella• An observational assessment of quality of life, functioning andadherence in participants on Risperdal Consta• Efficacy and safety of agomelatine (25mg/day with potential adjustmentat 50mg/day) given orally compared to placebo, in addition to a moodstabilizer in bipolar I patients with a current major depressive episode• An open label multicentre study to determine the dose distribution ofpaliperidone ER OROS® in patients with schizophrenia• A comprehensive review of the use of Risperdal Consta in an areamental health service• Treatment review and feedback program to determine risk of poormedication adherence in outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia60 60 PSYCHIATRY ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

• e-STAR: Electronic Schizophrenia Treatment Adherence Registry• A study of flexibly dosed paliperidone palmitate (25, 50, 75 or 100 mgeq.) administered every 4 weeks and flexibly dosed Risperdal Consta(25, 37.5 or 50 mg) administered every 2 weeks in subjects withschizophrenia• ONYX Study: a multicentre Phase 3 study of the efficacy and safety ofquetiapine fumarate sustained release (Seroquel SR) in combinationwith an antidepressant in the treatment of patients with major depressivedisorder with inadequate response to an antidepressant treatment• PLATINUM Study: a multicentre Phase 3 study of the efficacy andsafety of quetiapine fumarate sustained release (Seroquel SR) asmonotherapy in the maintenance treatment of patients with generalisedanxiety disorder following an open-label stabilisation periodChild and Adolescent PsychiatryDr Paul Denborough• “How are the children?”• A mixed methodological study measuring client perception of outcomesof single session therapy• Client directed outcome tool for children and families evaluation oftreatment: a pilot study of clinical utility• School yard games• Autism spectrum• Teaching parents to write social storiesAddiction PsychiatryProfessor Jayashri Kulkarni• Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 2 oral doses of rimonabant,5 mg/day or 20 mg/day, versus placebo, as an aid to maintenance ofsmoking cessation• Substance use assessment in the acute adult psychiatry inpatient unit• Community partnership strategy for problem gamblers• Establishment of an after hours crisis service for problem gambling• Suicide and problem gambling – a community partnership strategy forproblem gamblersPsychiatry Services ResearchDr Yitzchak Hollander, Anthony de Castella• The interactions between crisis assessment treatment teams, police andambulance services in dealing with people with a mental illness• The identification of factors contributing to the relapse of continuing careteam patients• The development of new clinical guidelines in risk assessment and riskmanagement of psychiatric inpatients• Evaluation of The Alfred Psychology Clinic• Quality through outcomes (QUATRO) network• The identification of factors contributing to the relapse of continuing careteam patients• Introduction of an acute sedation practice guideline and the impact onclinical practice and safety in an acute psychiatry service• How effective are improved linkages between community supportand psychiatric services at addressing the needs of people who arehomeless? An evaluation of the integrated homeless mental healthservice response• Headspace Southern Melbourne – establishing a community of youthservices in Melbourne’s inner and middle south• Seclusion reduction and early intervention project• Being seen and heard: lessons for the implementation of creative artstherapies in inpatient psychiatry servicesConsultant Liaison PsychiatryDr Steve Ellen• A randomised controlled trial of a letter intervention in primary carepatients to improve depression and anxiety disorders• Prevalence and risk factors for HIV, hepatitis B and C among psychiatryinpatients• The consumer’s perspectives of consultant-liaison psychiatry• An evaluation of a data collection system used in consultation-liaisonpsychiatry at The Alfred hospital: Casemix• The inclusion of psychological assessment as part of the pre-bonemarrow assessment protocol: the benefits for patients, families and staff• A prospective study examining the association between risk takingbehaviour for HIV / STI transmission and mental illness and drug and/oralcohol use in men who have sex with men• Successfully implementing consultation-liaison psychiatry in thecommunity: the inner south east Melbourne primary mental health andearly intervention team• A randomised controlled trial of a letter intervention in primary carepatients to improve depression and anxiety disorders• Depression in people living with HIV / AIDS: outcomes, risks, andopportunities for interventionMental Health Economics and Outcomes ResearchProfessor Jayashri Kulkarni, Professor Paul Fitzgerald• The treatment and outcome of bipolar and schizoaffective disorder overa two year period - the bipolar comprehensive outcomes study (BCOS)• Barriers and facilitators to employment for people with bipolar affectivedisorder (BPAD)• Schizophrenia care and assessment program (SCAP)• The healthy lifestyles project: a multicomponent risk factor interventionfor people with a severe mental illness: a feasibility studyParticipatory Action ResearchJon Kroschel• An ongoing evaluation of the consumer participation program of AlfredPsychiatry• Collaborative projects within and external to APRC• An investigation of the transferability of Alfred Psychiatry consumerparticipation program methodologies to a community based, generalhealth, multi-service project for people with complex service accessneedsCardiovascular Disease and Psychiatric IllnessDr David Barton• Panic disorder and cardiac risk: evaluation of a psychological treatmentwhich addresses biology, psychology and behaviourDepression Awareness and Depression Literacy in theGeneral CommunityAssociate Professor Neil Cole• Enhancing depression literacy in the community• Researching the effectiveness in improving treatment and managementof bipolar mood disorder through the theatrical artsPostgraduate Students1 Masters student6 other Doctoral students12 PhD studentsPublications24 journal articles3 book chaptersPSYCHIATRY 61

Sending letters topatients – researchers(from left) Fiona Foley,Rob Selzer andMichael McGartland.PsychologyManager: Lynda Katona BA(Hons), MA, MAPSThe Psychology Department provides clinical psychology and clinicalneuropsychology services to patients of The Alfred. The department iscommitted to providing best practice evidence-based psychological servicesto improve the quality of life of patients and their carers. Alfred Psychologyis actively involved in providing research, evaluation as well as educationand consultation to staff and community organisations. The department isstrongly committed to the teaching and training of postgraduate students(provisional psychologists), offering clinical placements to both clinicalpsychology and clinical neuropsychology masters and doctoral students.As part of Alfred Psychiatry, clinical psychology assessment and treatmentservices are provided to children, adolescents and adults, with psychiatricand psychological problems such as developmental delay, schizophrenia,depression, anxiety and personality disorder. Within the acute hospital,clinical psychologists are involved in the assessment and treatment ofpatients who present with psychological problems such as depression,anxiety and adjustment issues. Clinical psychologists are attached to theCystic Fibrosis, Oncology and HIV Services.The department also runs The Alfred Psychology Clinic, an outpatientservice that accepts referrals from all units at The Alfred for the assessmentand short-term treatment of a range of psychological problems.Neuropsychology assessment and treatment services are provided topatients of all psychiatry programs and all medical and surgical units of thehospital.Current ProjectsResearch continued in clinical neuropsychology and clinical psychology.The following three areas exemplify the applied research taking place.Infectious Diseases Unit, Victorian HIV ServiceDr Michelle Earle, Tom Wojcicki, Tania Gibbie• Psychological strengths and difficulties of clients presenting forpsychological assistance with sexual-risk behaviour potentiating theirHIV/STI infection• Effectiveness of a short-term, self/interpersonal skills development groupfor men whose deficits in these areas contribute to their sexual risktakingand potential for HIV/STI infection• A randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of brief motivationalinterviewing intervention in primary care settings, with men whosesexual risk-taking potentiates their HIV/STI infectionThe Alfred Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for BorderlinePersonality Disorder ProgramDr Kathy TroupThe Alfred DBT Program began operating in its current model in September2002. Since that time, a questionnaire battery has been administered toclients at three planned times: pre-, mid- and post-treatment. An analysisconducted in late 2007 showed encouraging trends: decreases indepression, state and trait anxiety, and avoidance-based coping; increasesin quality of life, approach-based coping, and affective control. However,these trends were non-significant due to the small data set. Data collectionand analysis continues, including plans to quantify changes in use ofinpatient unit, Crisis Assessment and Treatment Teams and EmergencyDepartment services for clients in the program.A randomised controlled trial of a letter intervention inprimary care patients to improve depression and anxietydisordersMichael McGartland, Dr Rob Selzer, Associate Professor Steven Ellen, DrRachel Cousins, Fiona FoleyThe Primary Mental Health Team (PMHT) is conducting this beyondbluefundedresearch project, which aims to investigate the effects of sendingspecialist-to-GP correspondence to the patient concerned. The investigationfocuses particularly on symptom reduction, adherence to treatmentrecommendations and overall patient outcomes.Previous studies conducted in the UK, where since 2004 the NHS hassuggested that all correspondence between medical practitioners regardingpatients is to be copied to patients, has found that over 80% of patients,including psychiatric patients, wish to receive such letters.In this study, patients suffering from depression or anxiety who havebeen referred to the PMHT by consenting GPs, complete questionnairesassessing mental state and their level of disability. The assessment lettersare sent by registered mail to half of the patients. All participants receivefollow-up phone calls at one and three months to reassess the originalquestions, investigate adherence to treatment suggestions and to obtainfeedback on receiving the letter. At the end of 2007, data collection wasalmost complete and preliminary analysis suggests support for copyingletters to patients.Publications3 journal articles62 62 PSYCHOLOGY ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

Initial CT scanningto generate digitalreconstructed imagesfor automated shiftcorrection usingrobotic positioning forstereotactic radiosurgery.Radiation OncologyDirector (Acting): Associate Professor Jeremy Millar BMedSc, MB, ChB, FRANZCR,FAChPM, CertHlthEc, CertBiostatThe William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre (WBRC) continues to beactively involved in radiotherapy research projects, including national andinternational studies. Associate Professor Sidney Davis was Director ofWBRC until 30 June 2008.Current Projects• Radiosurgery and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in thetreatment of persistent acromegaly (Dr J Ruben)• Quality of life outcomes among acoustic neuroma patients (Dr M Dally)• Scottish Breast Cancer Trials Group: post-operative radiotherapy inminimum-risk elderly phase 2 (PRIME). A randomised breast cancertrial to assess local control in older patients (Dr K Taylor)• A multicentre feasibility study of accelerated partial breast irradiationusing three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for early breastcancer (APBI) (Dr I Porter)• Postoperative concurrent chemo-radiotherapy versus postoperativeradiotherapy in high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of thehead and neck (POST) (A/Prof. S Davis)• A randomised trial of hormone therapy plus radical radiotherapy versushormone therapy alone in non-metastatic prostate cancer (A/Prof. JMillar)• A collaborative randomised Phase 3 trial: the timing of intervention withandrogen deprivation in prostate cancer patients with a rising prostatespecific antigen (TOAD) (A/Prof. J Millar)• Radiation emission in men after permanent radioactive seed implant(A/Prof. J Millar)• Variation in prostate volume marking in CT scans post seed implant(A/Prof. J Millar)• Factors to be used with IAEA TRS398 for low kilovoltage X-rays(T Ackerly)• Characterisation and improvement of radiation beams used forradiotherapy of small lesions (T Ackerly)Projects with Active Follow up• A bioequivalence trial of oral and intravenously administeredtemozolomide in patients with primary central nervous systemmalignancies (in collaboration with the Medical Oncology Unit)• Tumour volume as an independent prognostic factor in patients withnon-small cell lung cancer: a protocol for a prospective database(A/Prof. S Davis)• A randomised clinical trial of surgery versus surgery plus adjuvantradiotherapy for regional control in patients with completely resectedmacroscopic nodal metastatic melanoma (Dr I Porter)• Phase 3 randomised trial of concomitant radiation, cisplatin andtirapazamine (SR259075) versus concomitant radiation and cisplatin inpatients with advanced head and neck cancer (in collaboration with theMedical Oncology Unit; A/Prof. S Davis)• A randomised trial of pre-operative radiotherapy for stage T3adenocarcinoma of the rectum (A/Prof. J Millar)With the support of the Peter Grant Hay Trust and the Melbourne ProstateInstitute, Dr Daniel Zwahlen from Switzerland joined WBRC as ClinicalFellow. His projects include:• A retrospective analysis of the role of high dose rate brachytherapy as aboost to prostate external beam radiation for men treated for localisedprostate cancer• A retrospective analysis of patterns of failure of stage I testicularseminoma with a history of cryptorchism, which was awarded theAstraZeneca Exhibit Prize at the RANZCR 58th Annual Scientific Meeting• A paper on the effect of radiotherapy volume and dose on secondarycancer risk in stage I testicular seminoma was accepted by theInternational Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics.Major Achievements• Sabbatical leave was taken by Dr Michael Dally, A/Prof. Jeremy Millarand A/Prof. Sidney Davis• Frank Gagliardi received ACPSEM accreditation in RadiotherapyEquipment Commissioning and Quality Assurance• Ryan Smith was awarded ordinary membership to ACPSEM• A/Prof. Jeremy Millar was awarded an Alfred Week poster prize• Alison Beal was dux in the final year of Bachelor of Medical Sciencesat RMIT and obtained an International Travel scholarship from theAustralian Institute of Radiography• Jeffrey Crosbie received a ACPSEM travel prize to attend the annualscientific meeting and was highly commended for the Varian prize forbest oral presentation in radiotherapy; won the 2007 ACPSEM Victorian/ Tasmanian Branch Postgraduate Prize for his presentation on his PhDresearch; was awarded a grant by the Australian Nuclear Science andTechnology Organisation to travel to the Spring-8 synchrotron in Japanto perform microbeam radiation therapy experiments.Postgraduate Students7 Masters students1 PhD studentPublications10 journal articlesRADIATION ONCOLOGY 63

Dietitian, JasmineGrajzman, assists aCaulfield Hospital patientas part of interdisciplinaryresearch into the preventionof undernutrition inhospitalised older patients.Rehabilitation, Aged and Community CareExecutive Director: Alan Lilly RPN, RGN, GradDipHSM, MHA, AFCSHE, CHE, FAIMIn 2007, Caulfield Hospital launched its new Research Strategy2007-2011 and reformed the Caulfield Hospital Research Committee. Theaim is to develop a sustainable and coordinated approach to research,through collaboration and partnership, to become a nationally recognisedleader in clinical research, focusing on interdisciplinary aged care,rehabilitation and community care. In 2008 Caulfield Hospital will launchits own research grants program and a monthly research interest group tofurther support and foster growth in research activity.Significant Achievements• Associate Professor Glynda Kinsella, Elizabeth Rand et al. wereawarded an NHMRC Dementia Research Grant, ‘Early intervention foramnestic mild cognitive impairment: a randomised trial of memorymanagement’, 2008-2011: $551,452.• Associate Professor Stephen Gibson was awarded the 2007 PfizerInternational Visiting Professorship in Pain Medicine to advise theComprehensive Pain Research Centre, University of Florida, and wasan invited member of the International Pain Taskforce for Older PersonsGroup 2006-2007.• Alison Spence was awarded the Dietitians Association of Australianational conference New Researcher Award 2007: ‘Nutrition risk statusof patients with dementia attending a memory loss clinic’.• Dr Michael Rose received the 2007 ANZ Society for Geriatric MedicineAnnual Scientific Meeting RM Gibson Prize for the most outstandingpresentation by an advanced trainee: ‘Is there any role for CTmeasurements of medial temporal lobe atrophy in dementia? A review ofthe literature and case series from a memory clinic’.• Rod Sturt, Dr Peter New and Associate Professor Anne Hollandwere winners of the 3rd annual Caulfield Hospital research postercompetition: ‘Timed up and go, 10-metre walk and the 6-minute walktests: outcomes in a non-traumatic spinal cord-injured population.’• Maree Manins and Associate Professor Anne Holland were highlycommended in the 3rd annual Caulfield Hospital research postercompetition: ‘Cognitive status at admission does not impact on physicalgains made during subacute admission’.• Dr Peter New was awarded a Victorian Neurotrauma InitiativeResearch Grant: ‘Spinal cord injury rehabilitation outcomes usinga national database’, 2007: $37,000; first prize for best researchposter, Australasian Spinal Cord Society 14th Annual Scientific Meeting,2007: ‘Costs of adverse events in the care of patients with spinal cordinjury’; Royal Australasian College of Physicians AFRM Ipsen ResearchFellowship ‘Spinal cord injury rehabilitation outcomes using a nationaldatabase’, 2007: $10,000.• Associate Professor Glynda Kinsella, Associate Professor John Olver,Professor Thomas Kossmann and Dr Ben Ong received a VictorianNeurotrauma Initiative Research Grant: ‘Traumatic brain injury and olderadults: does age matter?’ 2007-2009: $303,000.• Associate Professor Stephen Gibson, Dr Bruce Barber, Dr RogerGouke, Professor Jenny Abbey, Professor Linda Kristjanson andAssociate Professor Christine Toye received a CommonwealthDepartment of Health and Ageing Project Grant: ‘Encouraging evidencebased practice in residential aged care facilities’, 2007-2009:$1,162,511.• Professor Rhonda Nay, Dr David Edvardsson and Associate ProfessorStephen Gibson received a Project Grant from the JO & JR WickingTrust: ‘Person-centred care and pain in people with Alzheimer’s diseaserelated dementias’, 2007-2008: $48,812.• Rod Sturt was awarded a Victorian Community Foundation FeliceRosemary Lloyd Scholarship: ‘World’s best practice in non-traumaticspinal cord injury’, 2007-2008: $10,000.• Dr Frances Wise, Jennie Patrick, Lynn O’Neill, Lynette Corby andAssociate Professor John Olver received a Cardiac Support GroupProject Grant: ‘Strength training vs work conditioning exercises incardiac rehabilitation patients’, 2007-2008: $5,330.Other Projects• Kathryn Marshall, Lisa Gill, Associate Professor Peter Hunter:Reducing functional decline due to under-nutrition in older people,2007-2008.• Tessa Jones, Dr Carolyn Arnold, Associate Professor Stephen Gibson:Pain knowledge and its relationship with clinical presentation in patientswith chronic pain, 2007-2008.• Associate Professor Stephen Gibson, Dr Carolyn Arnold: Outcomemeasures in chronic pain management programs, 2005-2008.• Dr Maria Tsanglis: An audit of the use of maintenance electroconvulsivetherapy in Victorian aged psychiatry services.• Dr Christine Migliorini, Dr Peter New, Professor Bruce Tonge:Traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury: differences in mentalhealth outcomes.Postgraduate Students5 Masters students4 other Doctoral students3 PhD studentsPublications2 journal articles64 64 REHABILITATION, ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AGED AND COMMUNITY AND RESPIRATORY CARE MEDICINE

Members of the RenalMedicine Department, fromleft: Ian Loh, Dr SolomonMenahem, Dr Annie Fungand Dr Natalie Crowther.Renal MedicineDirector: Professor Napier Thomson MBBS, MD, FRACPThe Department of Renal Medicine provides services including generalnephrology, acute and chronic dialysis and renal transplantation. Ithas satellite services in the Peninsula network, Caulfield Hospital andSandringham Hospital, and strong links with satellite services in the LatrobeValley and the Peter James Centre. The clinical research program reflectsthe nature of the clinical services provided by the department and theservice links with other major clinical services at The Alfred.Clinical ResearchResearch projects are predominantly in the area of glomerulonephritis,vasculitis, progression of renal disease, diabetic renal disease, evaluationof renal disease in patients with end stage heart and lung pathology facingheart or lung replacement, and renal disease following successful heart andlung transplantation. Recently, a program of study of renal disease in HIV/AIDS has commenced. The department is also engaged in several nationaland international programs studying the various drug therapies for renaldisease and its complications.Laboratory ResearchThe broad theme of the laboratory research program is the mechanismsof progression of primary renal disease. Both human and experimentalmodels of renal disease are studied, with particular focus on the role of thefibrogenic growth factors and apoptosis in progression of injury.The techniques of immunohistochemistry and molecular biology(particularly real time RT-PCR) are widely applied to these studies and thetechniques have been highly refined.RHEUMATOLOGY CONTINUED FROM PAGE 66chronic LBP. These findings do not imply that severely depressed patientswith back pain should not be treated with antidepressants.Identification of blood (serum) and urinary biomarkersassociated with OA disease progression in a well establishedcohort of subjects with knee OABerry P, Maciewicz R, Cicuttini F, Downey-Jones M, Mills E, Oakley C,Wluka AThere has been increasing interest in different biomarkers that may beuseful in identifying subjects most likely to lose joint cartilage. In 1997, thegroup began a study of subjects with knee OA. The method used enabledmeasurement of knee cartilage volume and presence of cartilage defectsusing MRI. In collaboration with AstraZeneca, biomarkers of cartilage andbone metabolism and a panel of known mediators in the serum and urineof subjects were tested. The plan is to examine how this relates to the rateof cartilage loss, defect progression and risk of joint replacement.Factors affecting knee structure in healthy womenWluka A, Pasco J, Kotowicz M, Henry MOA has the largest impact of any chronic disease on burden of diseaseborne in later life, affecting women more frequently than men. The aimof this study is to examine how modifiable factors such as obesity affectchange in knee structure in an established healthy cohort of women.The effect of body composition on knee structure in an HIVpopulationDavies M, Fillipas S, Cherry C, Wluka AE, Cicuttini FIt is well recognised that lypodystrophy syndrome, a condition suffered bymany HIV-positive individuals, is characterised by a range of symptoms,including abdominal fat deposition. Fat may have an adverse effect onknee structures. This project will examine the relationship between bodycomposition and knee cartilage and bone in an HIV-positive population.Investigating the mechanism of action of obesity on kneestructureCicuttini F, Wluka AE, Davies M, Dixon J, Bennell K, Jones G, Strauss B,Forbes AObesity is the strongest modifiable risk factor for OA and there is someevidence to suggest that obesity may lead to the increased risk of OA viabiomechanical mechanisms. This study involves examining the relationshipbetween obesity, body composition and knee alignment and changes inknee structure indicative of OA development.The role of bone marrow lesions in the pathogenesis of knee OADavies M, Wluka A, Berry P, Hanna F, Cicuttini FBone marrow lesions (BMLs) detected by MRI have been implicated in thepathogenesis of knee OA and are present in symptomatic and asymptomaticpopulations. The aim of this study is to examine the natural history of BMLsin a healthy population, and to identify factors associated with incidenceand progression of BMLs and whether these changes are associated withchanges in knee structures and development of pain.Postgraduate Students1 Masters student7 PhD studentsPublications25 journal articles2 book chaptersRENAL MEDICINE / RHEUMATOLOGY 65

Dr Donna Urquhart usesreal-time ultrasoundto assess and retrainthe abdominal musclesfor pateints withmusculoskeletal conditionssuch as low back pain.RheumatologyHead: Professor Flavia Cicuttini MBBS(Hons), MSc , PhD, DLSHTM, FRACP, FAFPHMThe main focus of research activity in the Department of Rheumatology is inunderstanding factors that influence joint structure in health and disease. Ina very successful year, the team has published extensively in internationalpeer-reviewed journals, and holds five NHMRC Project Grants as well assignificant investigator-driven pharmaceutical research support.Current ProjectsThe effect of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors on therisk of primary and revision joint replacementWang Y, Simpson J, Wluka A, English D, Giles G, Graves S, Cicuttini FKnee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) are a major cause of disability. End stageOA frequently needs treatment with joint replacement, which results in asignificant economic burden on the community, and is likely to increaseas the population ages. Understanding the impact of sociodemographicand lifestyle factors on the risk and outcome of joint replacement will helpidentify potential socioeconomic inequalities and potential strategies forimproving outcomes of joint replacement.The role of lifestyle factors on knee cartilage volumeand rate of cartilage loss in a normal community-basedpopulation: a longitudinal studyWang Y, Simpson J, Wluka A, English D, Giles G, Cicuttini FThis study aims to identify lifestyle factors that affect knee cartilage volumein healthy subjects, thereby identifying potential targets for preventionof OA. This will be done by utilising an existing cohort, the MelbourneCollaborative Cohort Study, and recently developed methodology formeasuring articular cartilage volume pioneered by the group.Role of musculoskeletal biomechanical factors in cartilageloss in those who undergo partial medial menisectomyCicuttini F, Lloyd D, Bennell K, Stachowiak G, Forbes AThis project aims to determine whether musculoskeletal-biomechanicalfactors are associated with the rate of knee cartilage loss in people whohave recently undergone an arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM).The predictors of knee cartilage loss: a five year naturalhistory based on an existing cohortWang Y, Wluka A, Forbes A, Jones G, Cicuttini FThe natural history and factors influencing knee OA are poorly understood.The existing cohort is being followed at five years to determine the rate ofchange of joint cartilage in early knee OA and the factors that influence this.The main outcome used will be knee cartilage volume, rather than kneeradiographs which are insensitive to change.What effect do dietary antioxidants have on the symptomsand structural progression of knee OA over two years?Wang Y, Simpson J, Wluka A, English D, Giles G, Cicuttini FA cohort of people with knee OA is being followed to determine the effect ofdietary antioxidants on symptoms and cartilage volume in knee.The relationship between body composition and hip cartilageWluka A, Berry T, Hanna F, English D, Giles G, Cicuttini FFactors increasing the risk of hip OA, including obesity, are poorlyunderstood. The group has developed a method of measuring structuralchange in the hip using MRI. A cohort of healthy middle aged adults isbeing studied to determine how body composition relates to hip OA.The effect of physical activity on knee joint health: is it goodor bad?Urquhart D, Wluka A, Teichtahl A, de Courten M, Cicuttini FWhile physical activity protects against cardiovascular disease and a widerange of other health conditions, it is unclear whether physical activityincreases the risk of OA. This study aims to examine the effect of differenttypes and amounts of physical activity on knee joint cartilage.In-hospital outcomes and hospital resource utilisation ofprimary and revision hip replacement proceduresUrquhart D, Hanna F, Graves S, Wang, Y, Cameron P, Hannaford A,Cicuttini FHip replacement is a commonly performed procedure that is successfulin alleviating pain and disability in individuals with end-stage arthritis ora fracture of the femoral neck. The aim of this project is to investigate thedemographics and outcomes of primary and revision hip replacementsurgery during the acute hospital phase.Low back pain (LBP) and urinary incontinence (UI): what arethe risk factors and are these conditions associated?Urquhart D, Cicuttini F, Bell R, Davis SLBP and UI can have a profound effect on an individual’s function andwellbeing, and result in substantial socioeconomic burden. This studyaims to investigate risk factors for the development of LBP and UI, theirassociation with physical, psychological and social factors, and therelationship between these conditions.Antidepressants for non-specific LBPUrquhart D, Hoving J, Assendelft W, Roland M, van Tulder MAntidepressants are commonly used in the management of LBP, buttheir use is controversial. It was found in a systematic review thatantidepressants are no more effective than placebo in the management ofCONTINUED ON PAGE 6566 66 RHEUMATOLOGYALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

Gulsen Pasa, speechpathologist, wears aprotective lead gownand thyroid protectorwhilst conductinga videofluoroscopy(swallowing assessment).Speech PathologyManager: Rachel McGrath BAppSc(Speech Pathology)The Speech Pathology Department has continued to develop evidencethat supports clinical practice. The following projects were completed in2007 and have all led to a revision of clinical practice, demonstrating thedepartment’s continued commitment to improving its work practices byhaving a program of research and quality activities.Predicting communication outcomes in subarachnoidhaemorrhage: a pilot studyJanine Mahoney, Isabella Curnow, Gulsen PasaCerebral infarcts, intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and hydrocephalus arefrequently associated with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Studies havedescribed particular deficits linked with the site of bleed or infarct but little isknown about the effects of SAH without complications. This study audited51 cases of SAH at The Alfred. Six cases without complications wereclosely examined to assess for subtle cognitive and/or language deficits.Complications occurred in all grades of SAH: 33% ICH, 39% secondaryinfarct and 39% hydrocephalus. SAH patients therefore need to bemonitored for development of complications that are likely to result inlong term deficits. The study found that those with Grade 1 SAH and nocomplications were unlikely to have cognitive and/or language deficits.However, those with a SAH of Grade 2 and above should be routinelyassessed for high level cognitive and/or language deficits. This study waspresented at the Speech Pathology Australia 2007 national conference inSydney.Neuromuscular retraining: a study of the efficacy of surfaceelectromyography (sEMG) biofeedback in conjunctionwith exercise in treating facial palsy following surgery forcerebellopontine angle tumoursJanine Mahoney, Judy Dixon, Amanda Scott, Gracie Tomolo (RoyalMelbourne Hospital)This joint project examined the efficacy of two regimes for treating facialpalsy post surgery for acoustic neuroma. One patient group was given atailored exercise program only and the other patient group was given atailored exercise program with sEMG biofeedback. The study found thatthere were no differences in outcomes between the sEMG biofeedback withexercise and exercise-only groups. Compliance with the exercise programdid not influence outcomes. This study will be presented and the jointSpeech Pathology Australia and New Zealand Speech-Language TherapistsAssociation Conference in Auckland 2008.Developing tracheostomy swallowing guidelines forventilated patientsStella Falcone, Amanda Scott, Jacqui Frowen, Catherine WoltersPatients in the Intensive Care Unit with a tracheostomy, who aremechanically ventilated for a short-term, are usually denied oral intakebecause of concerns that the tracheostomy tube would impede swallowfunction. When these patients are alert, able to follow commands andcognitively able, they often request to eat and drink. The Blue Dye Testis commonly used with such patients to evaluate their swallowing. Thisentails adding blue dye to colour saliva, food or fluid and then monitoringfor aspiration. The assessment has its limitations, and objective measuressuch as videofluoroscopy (VF) and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation ofswallowing are more reliable but less accessible in the ICU. This studyreviewed the outcomes of the Blue Dye Test in tracheotomised patientsin ICU and demonstrated that alert, ventilated-tracheostomised patientsshould be considered for a swallow assessment with the aim of safelycommencng an oral diet. This can greatly improve a patient’s quality of lifeand wellbeing.Will I glow in the dark? Radiation exposure duringvideofluoroscopyGulsen Pasa, Bruce Van Every (Department of Nuclear Medicine),Amanda Scott, Isabella CurnowSpeech pathologists are concerned about radiation doses received duringVF (a radiological procedure used to detect swallowing abnormalities).Consequently, an audit was undertaken to determine the radiation exposureper VF procedure and whether the amount of radiation that speechpathologists at The Alfred are exposed to is in excess of the legal annualeffective dose limit of 20,000 µSv.All Alfred speech pathologists were monitored during each VF over a 12month period using film badge dosimeters (228 VFs). The highest effectivedose obtained was 30 µSv, which was well below the occupationalradiation exposure dose limit of 20,000 µSv. It was deduced that speechpathologists are exposed to approximately 1 µSv of radiation per VFprocedure. Therefore, the level of radiation Speech Pathologists at The Alfredare exposed to during VF is well within the legal limit and unlikely to causethem any harm. The poster outlining this study won the Henrietta Law Prizeduring Alfred Week 2007.Publications1 journal articleSPEECH PATHOLOGY 67

An LVAD patientis tested in thephysiotherapy gym byphysiotherapist KateHayes, with Dr DavidMason’s computingmonitoring system inthe background.SurgeryHead: Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld MBBS, MD, MS, FRACS, FRCSEd, FACS, FRCSGlasgad eundem, FACTM, MRACMA, RAAMCThe Monash University Department of Surgery at The Alfred is thecoordinating centre for the surgical undergraduate teaching program withinthe Central and Eastern Clinical School of the Faculty of Medicine, Nursingand Health Sciences. Other sites include Box Hill Hospital, Cabrini Hospitaland the rural surgery program. The department continues to contributesignificantly to postgraduate research training and audit and qualityassurance processes.The principal areas of research activity in the department are:• Neurosurgery (refer to Neurosurgery report)• Trauma (refer to National Trauma Research Institute and Trauma Surgeryreports)• Cardiothoracic Surgery (refer to Cardiothoracic Surgery report)• General Surgery (refer to General Surgery report)An important initiative in 2007 was the introduction of the Henry O’HaraSurgical Research Award, to be awarded annually for research conductedby trainee surgeons. This new grant is the generous gift of Felicity Jackson,great grand daughter of one of The Alfred’s founding surgeons, HenryO’Hara. O’Hara was appointed outpatient surgeon in 1878 and retiredfrom The Alfred in 1912 after 34 years of distinguished service. Final yearmedical student, Dr Laveniya Satgunaseelan, was the first recipient of theaward, which was presented to her by Felicity Jackson during Alfred Week.Current ProjectsNeurosurgical Research• DECRA: a multicentre randomised trial of early decompressivecraniectomy in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) (JeffreyV Rosenfeld)• Spinal trauma: a review of thoracolumbar unstable spine fractures withand without spinal cord or neurological injury• Spinal trauma: development of protocols for management of cervicalinjuries in awake and unconscious patients• Cerebral autoregulation monitoring in paediatric TBI (Jeffrey V Rosenfeld,Philip Lewis)• Familial intracranial aneurysm study: a multicentre international trial(Jeffrey V Rosenfeld)• The determination of the expression of calcitonin receptor (CTR) andthe characteristics of CTR-positive cell types in human brain tumours(Jeffrey V Rosenfeld, Peter Hwang)Neurotrauma Research• The inflammatory response to TBI in an animal model of diffuse andfocal brain injury (NTRI)• The influence of hypoxia on TBI markers (NTRI)• Microdialysis following TBI in a diffuse and focal brain injury animalmodel (NTRI)• Melatonin levels following traumatic brain injury (Keith Gomes)Cardiothoracic Surgical Research• VentrAssist artificial heart − The effect of prolonged non-pulsatile flow onendothelial function (Juliana Van Der Merwe)• VentrAssist artificial heart − The response of the pump and of thepatient’s circulation to exercise (David Mason)• Novel repair techniques in ischaemic mitral regurgitation (SilvanaMarasco)• Pharmacological attenuation of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in lungtransplantation (Hou-Kiat Lim)• C-Pulse counterpulsation device for class III/IV heart failure (SilvanaMarasco)• Skeletonised Mammary Artery Reduces Tissue Trauma (SMARTT) trial(Phuong Markman, Frank Rosenfeldt)• Prospective randomised clinical trial of coenzyme Q 10 for heart failure(Frank Rosenfeldt)• Preservation of donor lungs by airways cooling (Frank Rosenfeldt)• Enkephalin opioid peptide metabolism in human heart failure (SalvatorePepe)• Altered protein expression of mitochondrial respiratory complexes inhuman heart failure (Freya Sheeran)• Effect of p38 MARK and TGT beta inhibition on donor organs after braindeath (Frank Rosenfeldt)• New techniques of sternal wiring: a laboratory based and clinical trial(Frank Rosenfeldt)Highlights• Dr Julian Choi won the DS Rosengarten Research Prize for SurgicalTrainees.• Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld was awarded an Honorary Fellowship of theRoyal College of Surgeons (Glasgow) ad eundum.• Ms Wendy Brown was invited to speak at the Hokkaido TraumaConference, Rusutsu, Japan.Postgraduate Students6 Masters students1 MD student6 PhD studentsPublications44 journal articles2 book chapters68 68 SURGERY ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

A broken vertebra issupported with bilateralpedicle screws and bars toprevent further collapsewhile the fracture heals.Trauma SurgeryDirector (Acting): Mr Christopher Atkin MBBS, FRCS, FRACSThe Alfred is the largest of Victoria’s State Trauma Centres, treating over50% of Victoria’s major trauma. The Department of Trauma Surgeryoversees a comprehensive, multidisciplinary trauma program, which issupported and informed by a program of excellence in trauma research.The Director of Trauma manages both the clinical and research programs.The research team is made up of full time researchers and cliniciansundertaking part time research activities.Current ProjectsThe Department of Trauma Surgery’s research projects are also describedin the National Trauma Research Institute (NTRI) section of this report.Research projects undertaken by the Department of Trauma Surgery incollaboration with NTRI are as follows:• Optimal timing of femoral fracture fixation in multiple trauma patients(Dowrick A, Cooper DJ, Edwards E, Russ M, Davies A, Kossmann T)• Outcomes following the use of gamma nails for the fixation of proximalfemur fractures in the elderly (Russ M, Dowrick M, Farber M, Hunter P)• A Phase 2, multicentre, single-blind, randomised, stratified, standardof-carecontrolled, feasibility and safety study of recombinant humanBone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) / Calcium Phosphate Matrix(CPM) as an adjuvant therapy for fractures of the proximal femur (MillerR, Donaldson H, Dowrick A, Edwards E, Kossmann T)• A Phase 2, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, stratified, controlled,efficacy, safety and feasibility study of rhBMP-2/CPM as an adjuvanttherapy in closed fractures of the humerus (Miller R, Donaldson H,Dowrick A, Edwards E, Kossmann T)• A Phase 2/3, multicenter, double-blind, randomised, controlled study ofrhBMP-2/CPM in closed diaphyseal tibial fractures (Miller R, DonaldsonH, Dowrick A, Edwards E, Kossmann T)• Outcomes of equestrian-related injuries presenting to level one adulttrauma centres in Victoria (Papachristos A, Dowrick A, Edwards E)• Retrograde nailing of femoral fractures: an appraisal of knee outcomes(Annabell L, Dowrick A, Edwards E)• Factors affecting outcomes in open fractures (Blum M, Dowrick A, RussM, Edwards E, Kossmann T)• Optimisation of patient management through expediting the spinalclearance process in the major trauma patient (Ackland HM, CooperDJ, Malham GM, Varma DK, Fitzgerald M, Kossmann T)• Correlation of clinical and radiographic findings with long termoutcomes in road trauma patients with acute cervical discoligamentousinjury (Ackland H, Cameron P, Cooper J)• An evaluation of recent practice of the management ofhaemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic trauma in Australia• Comparison of high resolution computer tomography angiogram ofneck and brain vessels versus magnetic resonance angiogram in apopulation of major trauma patients with associated, significant cervicalspine injuries (Pavlov R, Varma D, Kossmann T)• Retrospective ‘look up’ comparing deep tissue infection rates in traumapatients before and after the implementation of significant changesof clinical practices and intra-operative surgical techniques that wereeffected in June 2003 at The Alfred (Pavlov R, Harrington G, Kossmann T)• Traumatic adrenal gland injury: epidemiology and outcome in a majortrauma centre (Alsayali M, Atkin C, Varma D, Kossmann T)• Timing of surgical intervention for patients with bowel injuries in bluntabdominal trauma at The Alfred (Alsayali M, Atkin C, Winnett J, RahimR, Niggemeyer L, Kossmann T)Postgraduate Students1 Masters studentTRAUMA SURGERY 69

The Women’s HealthProgram undertakesa large numberof clinical studiespertaining to womenat midlife.Women’s HealthDirector: Professor Susan Davis MBBS, PhD , FRACPResearch ActivitiesThe major health issues affecting women from the mid-reproductive yearsinclude the menopause transition, depression, cognitive decline, breastcancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Theseissues are all potentially linked by their aetiological relationships withadrenal and ovarian steroids.Researchers in the Women’s Health Program are:• studying the contribution made by oestrogen and androgens maketo normal cognitive function and how the decline in testosterone andDHEA with age affect brain function• conducting a large cohort study to evaluate determinants of quality oflife in women with breast cancer• undertaking clinical mechanistic studies of oestrogen and androgenaction in multiple target tissues, including the brain (depression,cognitive function and sexual function), cardiovascular system, fat,muscle, joint cartilage and bone• evaluating the efficacy and safety of emerging modes of sex steroidtherapies.Current Projects• The Health and Wellbeing after Breast Cancer Study (AssociateProfessor Robin Bell, Professor Susan Davis, Dr Marijana Lijovic, MariaLaChina, Dr Pam Fradkin)• Assessment of knee joint articular cartilage volume change in womenwith breast cancer treated with anastrozole or letrozole (ProfessorSusan Davis, Associate Professor Robin Bell, Angeline Ferdinand, JoBradbury; in collaboration with Professor Flavia Cicuttini, Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University)• A study of the long term effects of testosterone therapy in women(Professor Susan Davis, Associate Professor Robin Bell, AngelineFerdinand)• ATLAS: Adjuvant Tamoxifen – Longer Against Shorter (breast cancer andtamoxifen duration – five years versus 10 years) (Monash Universityinvestigators: Professor Susan Davis, Jo Bradbury)• A study of women’s health: investigating back pain and incontinence(Professor Susan Davis, Associate Professor Robin Bell, Roslin Botlero;in collaboration with Dr Donna Urquhart and Professor Flavia Cicuttini,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, MonashUniversity)• OA2 Study: factors affecting knee cartilage volume and bone sizeand change over time in otherwise healthy postmenopausal women(Professor Susan Davis, Associate Professor Robin Bell, JennyAdams; in collaboration with Professor Flavia Cicuttini, Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University)• Validation Study of the Female Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (FSSQ)(Professor Susan Davis, Dr Sonia Davison, Associate Professor RobinBell, Samantha Wilson, Dr Mary-Anne Papalia, Maria LaChina)• A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group,multicentre, 24-week study to evaluate the efficacy and safety oftransdermal testosterone (300 µcg/day) in naturally menopausalwomen with hypoactive sexual desire disorder receiving systemictransdermal estrogen, oral non-conjugated equine estrogen, or noestrogen therapy (Professor Susan Davis, Dr Fiona Jane, Dr AnnDrillich, Jenny Adams, Corallee Morrow)• Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group,multicentre, 52-week study to evaluate the efficacy and safety oftransdermal patches delivering 150 or 300 µg/day testosterone inmenopausal women with low libido not receiving systemic estrogenor estrogen progestin therapy (Professor Susan Davis, Dr Mary-AnnePapalia, Dr Livia Rivera-Woll, Dr Ann Drillich, Dr Fiona Jane, CoralleeMorrow, Jenny Adams)• A randomised, double-blind study to compare the efficacy of treatmentwith denosumab versus alendronate sodium in postmenopausalwomen with low bone mineral density (Professor Susan Davis, DrMary-Anne Papalia, Dr Ann Drillich, Dr Fiona Jane, Corallee Morrow,Jenny Adams)• A Phase 2 open-label pilot study to assess the effects of TestosteroneMetered Dose Transdermal System® administration on cognitivefunction in women (Dr Sonia Davison, Professor Susan Davis,Associate Professor Robin Bell, Associate Professor Gary Egan, DrAndrea Gogos)Postgraduate Students3 PhD studentsPublications9 journal articles1 book chapter70 70 WOMEN’S ALLERGY, WEALTH IMMUNOLOGY AND RESPIRATORY MEDICINE

AWARDSThe Alfred Research TrustsStrategic Research GrantsProfessor Leon Bach, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (MedicalResearch Trust)Professor Michael Berndt, Department of Immunology, Monash University(Marian & Edwin Harold Flack Trust)Professor Jamie Cooper, National Trauma Research Institute (Marian &Edwin Harold Flack Trust)Professor Anthony Dart, Department of Cardiology (Marian & Edwin HaroldFlack Trust)Asscociate Professor Sidney Davis, William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre(Peter Grant Hay Trust)Professor Michael Dooley, Department of Pharmacy (Sol Green Trust)Professor Mark Fitzgerald, Emergency Medicine (Medical Research Trust)Professor Thomas Kossmann, Department of Trauma Surgery (Sir WilliamPhillip Trust)Professor Jayashri Kulkarni, Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (EdwardWilson Trust)Professor Sharon Lewin, Infectious Diseases Unit (Medical Research Trust)Professor Catriona McLean, Anatomical Pathology (Paula Josephine JungTrust)Professor John McNeil, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash University (Sir William Phillip Trust)Professor Paul Myles, Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (Sol GreenTrust)Professor Robyn O’Hehir, Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine(Marian & Edwin Harold Flack Trust)Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld, Department of Surgery, Monash University(Paula Josephine Jung Trust)Professor Jeffrey Rosenfeld, Neurosurgery Unit (Paula Josephine JungTrust)Professor Frank Rosenfeldt, Cardiothoracic Surgery Department (Sol GreenTrust)Professor Hatem Salem, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (Peter GrantHay Trust)Professor Hatem Salem, Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow TransplantUnit (Patricia Leonora Anderson Trust)Associate Professor Max Schwarz, Medical Oncology Unit (Peter Grant HayTrust)Professor Jonathan Serpell, General Surgery (Paula Josephine Jung Trust)Professor Elsdon Storey, Department of Neurosciences (Richard CarusChoice Trust)Professor Ken Thomson, Department of Radiology (Peter Grant Hay Trust)Professor Napier Thomson, Department of Medicine, Monash University (SirWilliam Phillip Trust)Nursing Research GrantTo support the research programs of the Alfred / Deakin Nursing ResearchCentre and the La Trobe / Alfred Clinical School of Nursing (DonaldRaymond Stuart Research Trust)Allied Health Research GrantKarly Wheeler, Orthotics and Prosthetics: ’Determining optimal Halo pinmanagement practices to decrease pin complications’ (Marian & EdwinHarold Flack Trust)Small Project GrantsDr Rubina Alpitsis, Department of Neurology: ’Does hepatitis C have a directeffect on the central nervous system? Evidence from neuropsychologicalstudies in pre-cirrhotic patients’Dr Jacqueline Anderson, Department of Neurosurgery: ’Neuropsychologicaloutcome after hypothalamic hamartoma resection’Dr Paul Burton, Department of Surgery: ‘Vascular preconditioning of thegastric conduit prior to oesophagectomy’Soula Fillipas, Physiotherapy Department: ‘The role of physical activity inambulatory patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)’Dr Tanja Jankovic-Karasoulos, Department of Anatomical Pathology:‘Understanding JC replication in the CNS of PML patients’Caroline Nicolson, Physiotherapy Department: ‘The long term effect ofinhaled hypertonic saline in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis’Dr Sushrut Patil, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit: ‘A retrospective analysis ofimpact of early lymphocyte recovery and the outcome in autologous stemcell transplantation for Hodgkin lymphoma’Dr Jessica Rotty, Infectious Diseases Unit: ‘Immunopathology in ImmuneRestoration Disease in a subpopulation of HIV-1 infected patientscommencing antiretroviral therapy’Dr Edwin Yan, National Trauma Research Institute: ‘Hypoxia increasesneurotoxin quinolinic acid production in the traumatic injured brain’AWARDS 71

Henry O’Hara Surgical Research AwardLaveniya Satgunaseelan, National Trauma Research Institute: ‘Exploring thepotential use of CNS proteins released in blood and cerebrospinal fluid asmarkers of damage following traumatic brain injury’AMREP Research Prize 2007For article describing original research published in the journal with thehighest impact factor in 2006Associate Professor Assam El-Osta (Baker Heart Research Institute)Harikrishnan KN, Pal S, Yarski M, Baker EK, Chow MZ, de Silva MG, OkabeJ, Wang L, Jones PL, Sif S, El-Osta A. Reply to “Testing for associationbetween MeCP2 and the brahma-associated SWI/SNF chromatinremodelingcomplex”. Nat Genet 2006; 38(9): 964-7. [Impact factor:25.797]GlaxoSmithKline Prize for Advanced TraineePhysiciansDr Sant-Rayn Pasricha (Haematology, The Alfred)Presentation entitled ‘Is haemoglobin a useful predictor of iron statusamongst women of reproductive age living in North Western Vietnam’DS Rosengarten Surgical Trainee ResearchPrizeDr Julian Choi (Upper GI Unit, Department of General Surgery, The Alfred)Presentation entitled ‘Testing the validity of exercises for the Lap Box Trainer(LBT)’The Kathleen AB Smith Memorial Prize inNursing (For best publication in Nursing in 2007)Alicia Ballan and Geraldine Lee (The Alfred)Ballan A, Lee G. A comparative study of patient perceived quality oflife pre and post coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Aust J Adv Nurs2007;24(4):24-8.Alfred Week Research Poster PrizesHenrietta Law Memorial Prize for Allied Health ResearchGulsen Pasa (Speech Pathology Department, The Alfred)WILL I GLOW IN THE DARK? RADIATION EXPOSURE DURINGVIDEOFLUOROSCOPYPasa G, Van Every B, Scott A, Curnow INoel and Imelda Foster Prize for Cardiovascular ResearchMelissa Byrne (Baker Heart Research Institute)AAV2/1/SERCA2a DELIVERED VIA PERCUTANEOUS CARDIACRECIRCULATION IMPROVES LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN AN OVINEPACING MODEL OF HEART FAILUREByrne MJ, Bilney A, Preveolos A, Smolic A, Power JM, Kaye DMLucy Battistel Prize for Allied Health ResearchAnne Holland (Physiotherapy Department, The Alfred)EXERCISE TRAINING IN INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE: A RANDOMISEDCONTROLLED TRIALHolland A, Hill C, Conron M, Munro P, Brazzale D, McDonald CFMichael J Hall Memorial Prize for Research in the Field ofRespiratory Disease / PhysiologySusannah King (Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine,The Alfred)SERUM LEVELS OF ADVANCED GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS ARE ELEVATEDIN CYSTIC FIBROSISWilson JW, King S, Forbes JTony Charlton Prize for Research in the Field of CardiacSurgeryStephan Repse (Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Alfred)CARDIAC REANIMATION FOR DONATION AFTER CARDIAC DEATHRepse SE, Pepe S, Anderson J, Rosenfeldt FLProfessor Daniel Czarny Prize for Allergy and AsthmaResearchHong-An Nguyen (Department of Immunology, Monash University)COMPARTMENTALISATION OF ACTIVIN A IN A CHRONIC ALLERGIC ASTHMAMOUSE MODELNguyen HT, Yao J, Rolland JM, O’Hehir RE, Hardy CLAstraZeneca Prize for Research in Mental HealthFiona Foley (Primary Mental Health and Early Intervention Team, The Alfred)A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF A LETTER INTERVENTION INPRIMARY CARE PATIENTS TO IMPROVE DEPRESSION AND ANXIETYDISORDERSFoley F, McGartland M, Selzer R, Fitzgerald PB, Blashki G, Ellen SPhillips Ormonde & Fitzpatrick Prize for Research in theField of Infectious Diseases (Basic Science)Johanna Wapling (Burnet Institute)MUTATIONS THAT PREVENT AND RESTORE HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASEDIMERISATIONWapling J, Kuiper M, Tachedjian GThe Janet A Secatore Nursing Research Award (sponsoredby Nurses First Credit Union)Lenore Beddoes (Alfred/Deakin Nursing Research Centre)USING FUNCTIONAL STATUS OUTCOMES OF HOSPITALISED OLDER PEOPLEAS INDICATORS OF QUALITYBeddoes L, Botti M, Duke MThe Nursing Research and Access Committee Award(sponsored by Nurses First Credit Union)Jacqueline Farlow (Alfred/Deakin Nursing Research Centre)PAIN COMMUNICATION BY OLDER PATIENTS IN AN ACUTE CARE CONTEXTFarlow J, Botti M, Currey J, Duke M72 AWARDS

Baker Heart Research Institute Prize for CardiovascularResearchAnna Ahimastos (Baker Heart Research Institute)PERINDOPRIL REDUCES LARGE ARTERY STIFFNESS AND AORTIC ROOTDIAMETER IN PATIENTS WITH MARFAN SYNDROMEAhimastos AA, Aggarwal A, D’Orsa KM, Formosa M, White AJ, SavarirayanR, Dart AM, Kingwell BABaker Heart Research Institute Prize for Diabetes ResearchKarly Sourris (Baker Heart Research Institute)INTERACTION BETWEEN THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM (RAS) ANDADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS (AGES) IN THE DEVELOPMENT OFDIABETIC NEPHROPATHYSourris KC, Mibus AL, Harcourt BE, Cooper ME, Forbes JMBurnet Prize for Infectious Diseases Research (Third Prize)Raelene Pickering (Burnet Institute)EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION OF THE MEASLES VACCINE (MVH) IN HAIRYROOT CULTURESVirtue ER, Pickering RJ, Hamill JD, Wesselingh SL, Webster DEWhole Time Medical Specialists Private Practice SchemePrizes for Clinical ResearchJeremy Millar (William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, The Alfred)15-YEAR BIOCHEMICAL RELAPSE FREE SURVIVAL IN CLINICAL STAGET1-T3 PROSTATE CANCER FOLLOWING COMBINED EXTERNAL BEAMRADIOTHERAPY AND BRACHYTHERAPY; SEATTLE EXPERIENCESylvester JE, Grimm PD, Blasko JE, Millar JL, Orio PF, Skoglund S,Galbreath RW, Merrick GAdeline Tan (Baker Heart Research Institute)DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AND INFLAMMATION – ARE THEY RELATED?Tan ALY, Harcourt BE, Mibus AL, Coughlan MT, Thomas MC, Su Q, BierhausA, O’Brien RC, Cooper ME, Forbes JMBurnet Prize for Infectious Diseases Research (First Prize)Megan Lim (Burnet Institute)A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF THE IMPACT OF EMAIL AND TEXT(SMS) MESSAGES ON THE SEXUAL HEALTH OF YOUNG PEOPLELim MSC, Hocking JS, Aitken CK, Jordan L, Fairley CK, Lewis JA,Hellard MEBurnet Prize for Infectious Diseases Research (SecondPrize)Nicole Webster (Burnet Institute)MONOCYTES FROM HIV-1 PATIENTS HAVE INCREASED MIGRATORYCAPABILITIES ACROS THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER IN RESPONSE TO THECHEMOKINE CX3CL1Tolstrup M, Crowe SM, Webster NLYuanyuan Wang (Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash University)EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS ON KNEE CARTILAGE AND BONE IN HEALTHY,MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDYWang Y, Hodge AM, Wluka AE, English DR, Giles GG, O’Sullivan R, ForbesA, Cicuttini FMSenior Medical Staff Prize for Clinical ResearchJohn Dixon (Centre for Obesity Research and Education, Monash University)SURGICALLY INDUCED LOSS OF WEIGHT FOR MANAGEMENT OF TYPE-2DIABETES: RANDOMIZED TRIALDixon JB, O’Brien PE, Playfair J, Chapman L, Schachter LM, Skinner S,Proietto J, Bailey M, Anderson MSenior Medical Staff Prize for Basic Science / LaboratoryResearchBridgette Semple (National Trauma Research Institute)MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN (MCP-1) IN INFLAMMATIONFOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI)Semple B, Bye N, Malakooti N, Ziebell J, Agyapomaa D, Kossmann T,Morganti-Kossmann MCAWARDS 73

MAJOR GRANTSListed here are the major national competitive, peer-reviewed researchgrants held by AMREP staff in 2007, the inclusion criteria being basedon the Australian Competitive Grants Register (ACGR). In addition, majorcompetitive international grants are listed.Australian GrantsCooperative Research Centres (CRC) ProgramCRC for Asthma and Airways. O’Hehir RE, Thompson P, Mackay C, BerendN, Foster P, Gibson P, Jenkins C, Weinstein P. 2005-2012. CRC Programfunding: $26,440,000. Total funding: $54,000,000.CRC for Biomarker Translation. Hogarth PM, Hoogenraad N, Hart D, ZolaH, Morris H, Venter D, Warner N, Polverino T. 2007-2014. CRC Programfunding: $30,590,000. Total funding: $90,000,000.CRC for Water Quality and Treatment. Bursill D, McNeil J, Deere D, PriestleyT, Drikas M. 2001-2008. CRC Program funding: $16,800,000. Totalfunding: $84,400,000.National Health and Medical Research CouncilProgram GrantsBrew B, Crowe S, Lewin S, Slobedman B, Wesselingh S, Cunningham A.Pathogenesis of persistent human virus infections of global significance.2005-2009: $6,180,170. Administering institution: University of Sydney.Coppel R, Cooke B, Plebanski M, von Itzstein M. Malaria: from targetidentification to therapeutics. 2005-2009: $4,962,360. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.Doherty P, Cooper DA, Kent SJ, Ramshaw IA. Understanding HIV infectionand the development of new vaccines. 2004-2008: $6,967,000.Administering institution: University of Melbourne.Jennings G, Bobik A, Dart A, Esler M, Kaye D. Heart failure and itsantecedents: pathophysiology, prevention and treatment. 2003-2007:$8,875,000. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Krum H, Gilbert R, Itescu S. Novel therapeutic strategies to reduce theburden of chronic heart failure. 2005-2009: $4,634,965. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.O’Dea, Hoy W, Rowley K, Best J, Wang Z. Health outcomes monitoringand evaluation: learning about activity, nutrition, diet and social factors.2005-2009: $7,070,585. Administering institution: University ofMelbourne.O’Hehir RE, Anderson G, Hamilton J, Rolland J. The interface betweeninnate and adaptive immunity in allergy and asthma. 2005-2009:$4,308,220. Administering institution: Monash University.Centres of Clinical Research ExcellenceBrown GV, Lewin SR, Sasadeusz J, Slavin M, Torresi J, Biggs BA, CampbellD, Rogerson SJ. Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in InfectiousDiseases. 2003-2007: $2,000,000. Administering institution: University ofMelbourne.Davis S, Kulkarni J, Cicuttini F, Simpson E, Bell R, Burger H. Centreof Clinical Research Excellence in Women’s Health. 2003-2008:$2,000,000. Administering institution: Monash University.Jennings G, Dart A, Esler M, Kaye D, Chin-Dusting J, Kingwell B. TheAlfred and Baker Medical Unit Centre of Clinical Cardiovascular Research.2003-2007: $2,000,000. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Krum H, McNeil J, Tonkin A, Myles P, Cicuttini F, Forbes A. The Alfred/Monash Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Therapeutics.2003-2007: $2,000,000. Administering institution: Monash University.Oldenburg B, Hoy W, Shannon C, Tonkin A, Lea T, Ring I, Elston J,Wenitong M, Hayman N. Centre of Clinical Research Excellence inCirculatory and Associated Conditions in Urban Indigenous Peoples.2006-2010: $2,000,000. Administering institution: Monash University.Centre of Research Excellence in Patient SafetyMcNeil J, Cameron P, Campbell D, Duckett S, Myles P, Sanderson P,Stoelwinder J. 2005-2009: $2,000,000. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Centre of Research Excellence in Radiofrequency ElectromagneticEnergyCosic I, Abramson M, Croft R, Finnie J, McKenzie R, Wood A. AustralianCentre for Radiofrequency Bioeffects Research. 2004-2008: $2,500,000.Administering institution: Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology.General Practice Clinical Research Program GrantAbramson M, Thien F, Sulaiman N, Side E, Aroni R. The role of spirometryin managing chronic respiratory diseases in general practice. 2005-2007:$487,427. Administering institution: Monash University.Health Services Research GrantsCameron P, Sprivulis P, Stoelwinder J, Forbes A, McNeil J, Campbell J.Using data to improve quality of health care. 2007-2011: $2,629,000.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Cass A, Brown A, Patel A, Eades S, Hayman N, Isbel N, Jan S, RingI, Stewart G, Tonkin A, Weeramanthri T. Improving health outcomesfor Aboriginal Australians with chronic disease through strategies toreduce systems barriers to necessary care. 2006-2011: $2,800,000.Administering institution: University of Sydney.McNeil J, Peeters A, Oldenburg B, Hollingsworth B, Nelson M, de CourtenM. Better targeting of preventative services using epidemiological modelling.2007-2011: $1,823,750. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Stewart S, Scuffham P, Marwick T, Horowitz J, Krum H, Davidson P,MacDonald P. Which heart failure intervention is most cost-effective andconsumer friendly in reducing hospital care: the WHICH Study. 2007-2011:$878,702. Administering institution: Baker IDI.74 MAJOR GRANTS

Medical Bioinformatics, Genomics and Proteomics Strategic GrantShortman K, Heath WR, Villandangos J, Lahoud M, Simpson R, WrightM, Amigorena S. Genomic and proteomic profiling of dendritic cellheterogeneity. 2006-2010: $1,971,250. Administering institution: Walterand Eliza Hall Institute.Preventive Healthcare and Strengthening Australia’s Social andEconomic Fabric Research GrantLoff B, Lawrence M, Peeters A, Ackland M, Swinburn B. A comprehensiveregulatory strategy for obesity prevention in Australia. 2007-2011:$761,184. Administering institution: Monash University.Urgent Research into Pandemic Influenza GrantsAnderson DA, Grgacic E, Ffrench R, Barr I. Chimeric virus-like particlesdisplaying H1, H3 and H5 haemagglutinin – construction andimmunogenicity. 2006-2007: $207,150. Administering institution: BurnetInstitute.Anderson DA, Garcia M, Barr I. Rapid, point-of-care diagnostic tests todifferentiate HA subtypes in patient samples. 2006-2007: $167,900.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Ffrench R. Cell mediated immunity to avian influenza. 2006-2007:$133,483. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Pietersz GA, Barr I, Hogarth M, Anderson D. Mucosal vaccine for influenzabased on inactivated virus and mannan. 2006-2007: $131,600.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Development GrantsJackson SP, Dunstan D. Development of a fibre-optic flow sensor tomonitor blood platelet adhesive function. 2007: $184,000. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.Krum H, Friend J, Hunyor S. Treatment of cardiorenal syndrome. 2007:$195,000. Administering institution: Monash University.Little P. Development of a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor for modificationof GAG chains and prevention of atherosclerosis. 2007-2008: $378,900.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Myles P, Burton D, Fuchs M, Zilberg E. Development and clinical evaluationof a depth of anaesthesia monitor. 2007-2008: $413,000. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.Peter K. Novel single-chain antibody-targeted nanoparticles for diagnosisof vascular diseases in magnetic resonance imaging. 2007-2009:$327,500. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Xing PX. Production of chimeric monoclonal antibodies to Pim1, a noveltherapeutic target for cancer treatment. 2007: $188,850. Administeringinstitution: Burnet Institute.Enabling GrantsBellomo R, Cooper DJ, Myburgh J, Finfer S. National Centre for IntensiveCare Research. 2005-2010: $1,290,000. Administering institution:Monash University.Buchbinder R, March L, Lassere M, Reid C. Australian RheumatologyAssociation Database. 2006-2010: $1,250,000. Administering institution:Monash University.McLean CA, Harper C. National Network of Brain Tissue Banks.2004-2008: $2,000,000. Administering institution: Mental HealthResearch Institute.Simes J, Ghersi D, Stockler M, Keech T, Green S, Henderson-Smart D,Krum H, Jennings G. Australian Clinical Trials Registry. 2005-2010:$1,500,000. Administering institution: University of Sydney.Project GrantsAbramson M. Cardiorespiratory effects of ultrafine particles. 2005-2007:$461,438. Administering institution: Monash University.Aguilar MI, Thomas W. Effect of membrane lipids on G protein coupledreceptors. 2005-2007: $384,000. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Andrews R. Ligand interactions of platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX-V inthrombosis. 2007-2009: $355,575. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Bennell K, Hinman R, Cicuttini F, Payne C, Harris A. Effects of lateralwedged insoles on symptoms and disease progression in kneeosteoarthritis. 2005-2008: $476,575. Administering institution: Universityof Melbourne.Berndt M, Salem H, Cranmer S. Regulation of platelet adhesion by theGPIbα cytoplasmic tail. 2006-2008: $506,000. Administering institution:Monash University.Bertoncello I, Simmons P, Wilson J. Lung stem cells. 2006-2008:$275,250. Administering institution: University of Melbourne.Buchbinder R, Connell D, Osborne R, Wark J, Ebeling P, Graves S. Aclinical trial of vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic spinal fractures.2004-2007: $578,000. Administering institution: Monash University.Cicuttini F, Dixon J, Wluka A, Bennell K, Jones G, Strauss B. The effect ofweight loss on the risk of knee osteoarthritis and potential modification ofbiomechanical factors. 2006-2008: $464,000. Administering institution:Monash University.Cicuttini F, Forbes A. Effect of lifestyle factors on knee cartilage volume andrate of cartilage loss in a normal population. 2005-2007: $233,725.Administering institution: Monash University.Cicuttini F, Lloyd D, Bennell K, Stachowiak G, Forbes A. Role ofmusculoskeletal biomechanical factors in cartilage loss in thosewho undergo partial medial menisectomy. 2005-2008: $644,330.Administering institution: Monash University.Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld JV, Kossmann T, Reilly P, Wolfe R. Multi-centrerandomised trial of early decompressive craniectomy in patients with severetraumatic brain injury (DECRA). 2005-2007: $485,535. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.Cooper M, Burrell L, Allen T, Tikellis C. Understanding vasoactive hormonepathways in diabetic complications. 2005-2007: $447,750. Administeringinstitution: Baker IDI.Cooper M, El-Osta A. Role of epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic vascularcomplications. 2006-2008: $429,750. Administering institution: BakerIDI.Cooper M, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Bierhaus A. Role of advanced glycationend products and their receptors in diabetes accelerated atherosclerosis.2007-2009: $375,000. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Cooper M, Kantharidis P, Twigg S, Cao Z. Role of growth and transcriptionfactors in tubulointerstitial injury in diabetes. 2006-2008: $444,750.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Curtis D, Bobik A. Research in the hematopoictic cytokines for the repair ofmyocardial infarction. 2005-2007: $329,500. Administering institution:Melbourne Health.Dixon J, O’Brien P, Naughton M, Schachter L. A randomised controlledtrial of the effect of substantial weight loss on obstructive sleep apnoea.2007-2009: $350,125. Administering institution: Monash University.Dixon J, O’Brien P, Sawyer S. Adolescent obesity: non-surgicalmanagement versus surgical management. 2006-2008: $473,100.Administering institution: Monash University.MAJOR GRANTS 75

Doig G, Cooper DJ, Finfer S, Simpson F. Early parenteral nutrition in the ICU.2006-2008: $1,812,750. Administering institution: University of Sydney.Drummer H, Poumbourios P, Dore G, Hellard M, Torresi J. Neutralizingantibody responses in HCV infected individuals. 2006-2008: $467,750.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Drummer H, Poumbourios P, Elhassen D. Structure and function of thehepatitis C virus glycoproteins E1 and E2. 2007-2009: $513,000.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Dunstan D, Ball K, Salmon J, Crawford D, Daly R. A behaviouralintervention for the adoption and maintenance of physical activity in Type 2diabetes. 2007-2009: $321,875. Administering institution: Baker IDI.El-Osta A, Du X-J. Transcriptional regulatory complexes associated withcardiac hypertrophy. 2006-2008: $465,000. Administering institution:Baker IDI.Esler M, Richards J, Lambert E, Soreq H. Panic disorder: neurobiologyand mechanisms of cardiac risk. 2006-2008: $445,875. Administeringinstitution: Baker IDI.Fairley C, Bradshaw C, Pirotta M, Garland S, Hocking J. Treatment ofbacterial vaginosis: a randomised controlled trial. 2007-2009: $255,425.Administering institution: University of MelbourneFebbraio MA. Ciliary neurotrophic factor can prevent muscle insulinresistance. 2006-2008: $578,625. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Febbraio MA, Clark M, Hill M, Hiscock N, Rattigan S. Novel agentsto increase blood flow to skeletal muscle. 2005-2007: $360,750.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Febbraio MA, Unterman TG. Role of FoxO proteins in the regulation ofskeletal muscle anabolism, catabolism and insulin sensitivity. 2007-2009:$443,250. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Finfer S, Cross A, Scheinkestel C, Norton R, Myburgh J, Cole C. The RENAL(Randomised Evaluation of Normal vs Augmented Level) replacementtherapy in ICU study. 2005-2008: $1,868,475. Administering institution:University of Sydney.Fitzgerald P, Kulkarni J. A double-blind sham controlled trial of rTMSin treatment resistant major depression. 2007-2009: $357,400.Administering institution: Monash University.Forbes A, Peeters A, de Courten M. Fitness versus fatness disentanglingtheir effects on disease outcomes and estimating the population burdenof disease. 2007-2009: $183,313. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Forbes J, Bierhaus A. Mediation pathways for the receptor for advancedglycation end products in diabetic nephropathy. 2006-2008: $328,125.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Fritschi L, Benke G, Datta A. Improving occupational outcome exposure.2005-2007: $330,825. Administering institution: University of WesternAustralia.Gage P, Gowans E, Haqshenas G. Studies of hepacivirus morphogenesis.2005-2007: $474,750. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Gorry P, Poumbourios P, Center R, Churchill M. Pathogenesis of CCR5-restricted HIV-1. 2007-2009: $361,875. Administering institution: BurnetInstitute.Gowans E, Li S, Loveland B. Understanding hepatitis C virus-specific Tcell tolerance. 2007-2009: $412,875. Administering institution: BurnetInstitute.Grgacic E. A new insight into hepatitis B infection: the HBV fusion peptide.2007-2009: $276,750. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Head G, Evans R. Sympathetic nervous system contribution tohypertension: CNS pathways, neurotransmitters and neuroreflectormechanisms. 2005-2007: $447,750. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Head G, Mc Grath B. Characterisation of the morning surge of bloodpressure as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. 2005-2007:$392,700. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Hellard M, Crofts J, Bharadwaj M, Aitken C, Gowans E, Bowden D.Behavioural, virological and immunological factors influencing hepatitisC virus infection in injecting drug users. 2005-2007: $955,250.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Hogarth M, Mottram P, Powell M. The role of antibody receptors in chronicinflammation. 2005-2007: $462,750. Administering institution: BurnetInstitute.Hogarth M, Wines B, Powell M, Jackson D, Ramsland P. FcγR structureand function. 2005-2007: $736,500. Administering institution: BurnetInstitute.Jackson DE. The biology of immunoreceptors in platelets. 2006-2008:$511,500. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Jackson DE, Hogarth M, Wright M. The biology of tetraspanins in platelets.2005-2007: $469,500. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Jackson S. Investigation of the role of PAF and CD40 ligand in regulatingthe proinflammatory properties of platelets. 2006-2008: $496,500.Administering institution: Monash University.Jackson SP. Investigation of a novel functional role for factor XIII inregulating the adhesive function of platelets. 2005-2007: $239,250.Administering institution: Monash University.Jandeleit-Dahm K, Kumar A. The role of specific Nox isoforms in diabeticrenal disease and atherosclerosis. 2007-2009: $443,250. Administeringinstitution: Baker IDI.Jones G, Cicuttini F, Garnero P. An approach to understanding osteoarthritisof the knee using magnetic resonance imaging. 2004-2008: $843,000.Administering institution: University of Tasmania.Jowett J, Zimmet P. Identification of novel genes influencing development ofType 2 diabetes. 2007-2009: $537,000. Administering institution: BakerIDI.Kaye D, Chin-Dusting J, Head G. Manipulation of intracellular argininecontent in endothelial cells. 2006-2008: $466,500. Administeringinstitution: Baker IDI.Kingwell B, de Courten B. Novel metabolic actions of HDL with potentialtherapeutic implications for Type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.2007-2009: $336,750. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Kotsimbos T, Snell G. Elucidating sub-clinical pathways to chronicrejection in lung transplantation and therapeutic implications. 2006-2008:$277,500. Administering institution: Monash University.Kruger P, Venkatesh B, Bellomo R, Kostner K, Cooper DJ, Roberts M. Aphase II randomised controlled trial of atorvastatin therapy in intensivecare patients with severe sepsis. 2007-2009: $603,825. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.Lambert G, Schlaich M. Sympathetic nervous system activation in renalfailure. Its contribution to pathogenesis and progression. 2006-2008:$478,500. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Leder K, Sinclair M, Forbes A, Cunliffe D. Health effects of drinkingrainwater. 2006-2008: $844,313. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Leslie K, Myles P, Paech M. The perioperative ischaemic evaluation study(POISE). 2007-2008: $374,500. Administering institution: MelbourneHealth.76 MAJOR GRANTS

Liu J-P. Signalling to telomeres: mechanisms of action of TGFβ.2006-2008: $429,750. Administering institution: Monash University.Lloyd A, Marinos G, Haber P, Ffrench R, Rawlinson W, Dolan K. HITS: aprospective cohort study of primary hepatitis C in prisoners. 2003-2007:$887,500. Administering institution: University of New South Wales.Mak J. What is the role of codon bias in the HIV-1 genome. 2005-2007:$336,000. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Mak J, Tachedjian G. Retroviral recombination. 2006-2008: $396,375.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.May C, Bellomo R, Gobe G, Thomson N. Understanding how sepsis causeskidney dysfunction. 2007-2009: $453,750. Administering institution:University of MelbourneMcMullen J. Differences between physiological and pathological cardiachypertrophy offer new strategies for treating heart failure. 2006-2008:$327,500. Administering institution: Baker IDI.McNeil J, Cameron P, Wolfe R, Dooley M. A case control study investigatingfactors contributing to the risk of bleeding in patients receiving warfarintherapy. 2007-2009: $553,550. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.McNeil J, Harrap S, Welborn T, Wong T, Liew D, Magliano D. Risk anddeterminants of fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease in the MelbourneCollaborative Cohort Study (MCCS). 2005-2009: $422,500. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.McNeil J, Tonkin A, Reid C, Krum H, Beilin L, Nelson M. Randomiseddouble-blind placebo-controlled trial of asprin in primary prevention ofCVD events or dementia in the aged (ASPREE). 2005-2009: $3,503,500.Administering institution: Monash University.Morganti-Kossman MC, Cooper DJ. Role of post-traumatic hypoxia in theexacerbation of cerebral inflammatory response elicited by brain injury.2007-2009: $381,750. Administering institution: Monash University.Myles P, Leslie K, Silbert B, Peyton P, Paech M. Nitrous oxide anaesthesiaand cardiac morbidity in major surgery. 2007-2011: $2,782,500.Administering institution: Monash University.Myles P, Smith J, McNeil J, Knight J, Cooper DJ, Silbert B. Aspirinand tranexamic acid for coronary artery surgery trial: the ATACAS Trial.2005-2007: $1,170,000. Administering institution: Monash University.Oldenburg B, Courtney M, Friedman R, Wootton R, Ash S. Usingconversational computer technology to improve diabetes management:a randomised controlled trial. 2007-2009: $604,464. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.Oldenburg B, Hawkes A, Taylor B, Atherton J. An implementation trialof a telephone-based care management program for patients followingmyocardial infarction. 2007-2009: $569,875. Administering institution:Monash University.Pepe S, Rosenfeldt F, Delbridge L, McLennan P, Smith J. Clinical feasibilitystudy of omega-3 PUFA therapy for the reduction of post-cardiac surgeryatrial arrhythmias 2006-2008: $433,500. Administering institution:Monash University.Peter K. Novel selective anti-platelet and clot-specific anticoagulantstrategies targeting conformational states of GPIIb/IIIa. 2006-2008:$487,000. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Ponsford J, Redman J, Rajaratnam S, O’Sullivan R. Fatigue, attentionand sleep disturbance after traumatic brain injury trauma. 2005-2007:$323,175. Administering institution: Monash University.Poumbourios P, Drummer H, Mak J. Receptor activated conformations ofretroviral glycoproteins. 2005-2007: $481,500. Administering institution:Burnet Institute.Power D. AMP-activated protein kinase in acute renal failure. 2006-2008:$392,625. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Power D. Protein kinases regulate salt reabsorption in the kidney.2007-2009: $511,500. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Rice G, Lappas M, Kniss D, Talbo G, Young I. The mechanisms thatregulate the onset of human labour and delivery. 2006-2008: $517,500.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Robertson C, Wilson J. Outcome of childhood asthma in adult life and theinteraction with COPD. 2007-2009: $484,100. Administering institution:Murdoch Childrens Research InstituteRogerson S, Jaworowski A. HIV and immunity to malaria. 2006-2008:$363,750. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Sim M, Benke G, Fritschi L. Occupational exposure to lead compounds andhuman cancer. 2006-2008: $220,850. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Slavin M, Bradstock K, Sorrell T, Schwarer A, Szer J, Chen S. A multicentrerandomised controlled trial comparing two strategies for the diagnosis ofinvasive aspergillosis in high-risk haematology patients (the ASPID Study).2005-2008: $1,084,500. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Srikanth V, Forbes J, Phan T, Munch G, Pearson S, Venn A. A study ofmechanisms of cognitive decline in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. 2007-2009:$492,575. Administering institution: Monash University.Storey E, Anderson R, Cook M, Kinsella G. Does coeliac disease causeataxia or cognitive impairment? 2007-2009: $583,098. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.Storey E, Loesch D, Cook M, Tassone F, Huggins R. Prevalence and geneticmechanisms of neurological and gynaecological changes in womencarrying small FMR1 expansions. 2007-2009: $395,963. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.Sviridov D, Hoy J, Dart A, Bukrinksy M. Impact of HIV infection andtreatment of AIDS patients with highly active retroviral therapy on reversecholesterol transport. 2005-2007: $334,500. Administering institution:Baker IDI.Tabrizi S, Fairley C, Donovan B. Surveillance of LGV Chlamydia trachomatistypes among men who have sex with men (MSM). 2007-2009:$186,875. Administering institution: University of MelbourneTachedjian G, Harrigan R, Sluis-Cremer N. Drug resistance mutations inthe connection subdomain of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. 2007-2009:$361,875. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Tachedjian G, Mak J. The role of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase domain incorrect processing of viral proteins to form infectious virus. 2006-2008:$277,500. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Thomas M. Circulating low-molecular weight AGEs in the developmentand progression of diabetic complications. 2006-2008: $290,250.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Thomas W. Molecular regulation of type 1 angiotensin receptors.2007-2009: $668,375. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Thomas W, Hannan R. EGF receptor transactivation in GPCR-mediatedcardiac hypertrophy. 2003-2007: $675,000. Administering institution:Baker IDI.Thrift A, Dewey H, Macdonell R. Long-term outcome after stroke: survival,stroke recurrence, functional ability and costs. 2004-2008: $582,750.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Tindle R, Gowans E. HBsAg as a generic vaccine vector. 2006-2008:$430,500. Administering institution: University of Queensland.MAJOR GRANTS 77

Toh B-H, Agrotis A, Tipping P. Atherosclerosis: molecular action andsuppression of NKT cell subsets. 2007-2009: $441,375. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.Werther G, Russo V, Bach L, Price J, Newgreen D. Functional analysisof IGF-binding protein-2 molecular interactions in early development anddisease. 2007-2009: $529,500. Administering institution: MurdochChildrens Research Institute.Wesselingh S, Churchill M, Gorry P. Molecular studies of the astrocytereservoir of HIV-1 in the central nervous system. 2007-2009: $513,000.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Wilkinson-Berka J, Fletcher E. Vascular and neuro-glial dysfunction indiabetic retinopathy. 2004-2007: $481,500. Administering institution:Monash University.Wines B, Hogarth M, Wright M, Jackson D. FcαRI: activation and evasion.2005-2007: $527,250. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Wluka A, Pasco J, Kotowicz M, Henry M. Factors that affect knee structurein healthy women. 2007-2009: $190,950. Administering institution:Monash University.Woodcock E. Signalling pathways activated by atrial dilatation and theirrelationship to atrial fibrillation. 2007-2009: $433,250. Administeringinstitution: Baker IDI.Woodcock E, Lin R, Dawes I, El-Osta A. FOXO proteins and protection fromcardiac ischaemic injury. 2005-2007: $349,500. Administering institution:Baker IDI.Woodcock E, Turnbull L. Ischaemia-induced sacrolemmal changes andtheir role in Ins(1,4,5)P 3generation and arrhythmogenesis. 2005-2007:$462,750. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Wright M, Hogarth M, Jackson D. CD37, TSSC6 and CD151 in T cells.2005-2007: $511,500. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Yuan Y, Salem HH. Investigation of factors that regulate blood clotformation. 2005-2007: $288,000. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Zalcberg J, Johnstone R, El-Osta A. Characterisation of the anti-apoptoticfunction of P-glycoprotein and transcriptional regulation of the MDR1 gene.2005-2007: $462,750. Administering institution: University of Melbourne.Research FellowshipsAnderson D. 2007-2011. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Andrews R. 2004-2008. Administering institution: Monash University.Berndt M. 2004-2008. Administering institution: Monash University.Bobik A. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Chin-Dusting J. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Cooper M. 2004-2008. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Crowe S. 2003-2007. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Dart A. 2005-2009. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Du X-J. 2005-2009. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Esler M. 2005-2009. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Febbraio MA. 2007-2011. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Gowans E. 2004-2008 Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Head G. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Hogarth M. 2007-2011. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Jackson DE. 2004-2008. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Jackson SP. 2004-2008. Administering institution: Monash University.Kaye D. 2003-2007. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Kent S. 2003-2007. Administering institution: University of Melbourne.Kingwell B. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Lambert G. 2007-2011. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Little P. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Medcalf RL. 2003-2007. Administering institution: Monash University.Plebanski M. 2003-2007. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Rice GE. 2005-2009. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Sviridov D. 2005-2009. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Thomas W. 2005-2009. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Thrift A. 2007-2011. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Wilkinson-Berka J. 2006-2010. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Woodcock E. 2005-2009. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Practitioner FellowshipsBuchbinder R. 2005-2009. Administering institution: Monash University.Cooper DJ. 2007-2011. Administering institution: Monash University.Fitzgerald P. 2005-2009. Administering institution: The Alfred.Lewin SR. 2003-2007. Administering institution: The Alfred.Myles P. 2007-2011. Administering institution: Monash University.Industry FellowshipFfrench R. 2006-2009. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Career Development AwardsAllen T. 2004-2008. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Apostolopoulos V. 2003-2007. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Benke G. 2007-2011. Administering institution: Monash University.de Courten B. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.El-Osta A. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Fitzgerald S. 2005-2009. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Gabbe B. 2007-2011. Administering institution: Monash University.Gorry PR. 2005-2009. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Hellard M. 2004-2008. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Jandeleit-Dahm KA. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Lambert EA. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.McMullen JR. NHMRC/NHF Biomedical Career Development Award.2005-2009. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Ramsland PA. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Schlaich MP. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Tachedjian G. 2003-2007. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Thomas MC. NHMRC/DART Clinical Career Development Award.2006-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Training (Postdoctoral) FellowshipsAhimastos A. 2007-2010. Administering institution: Monash University.Andrews K. 2003-2008. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Ashton E. 2003-2008. Administering institution: Monash University.Baker E. 2007-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Barry A. 2007-2008. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.78 MAJOR GRANTS

Bradshaw C. 2007-2010. Administering institution: Monash University.Bruce C. 2005-2009. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Calkin AC. 2006-2009. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Elhassen D 2007-2010. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Fredericks B 2007-2010. Administering institution: Monash University.Hamilton JR. 2001-2007. Administering institution: Monash University.Hanna F. 2007-2011. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Hughan SC. 2004-2007. Administering institution: Monash University.Joyce C. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Monash University.Kelsall H. 2006-2009. Administering institution: Monash University.Kent P. 2006-2009. Administering institution: Monash University.Kistler P. 2005-2008. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Levidiotis V. 2004-2007. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Medley TL. 2005-2008. Administering institution: Baker IDI.O’Donnell M. 2004-2008. Administering institution: University ofMelbourne.Peters MA. 2006-2008. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Skilton M. 2007-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Stratov I. 2007-2010. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Tapp R. 2005-2008. Administering institution: Monash University.Urquhart D. 2004-2007. Administering institution: Monash University.Wang Y. 2007-2010. Administering institution: Monash University.Wluka A. 2005-2008. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Zatta A. 2007-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Other Australian GrantsAsthma Foundation and Department of Health and Ageing (FederalGovernment) – Asthma Targeted Intervention GrantDouglass J, Goeman D, O’Hehir R, Scarfe S, Jenkins C, Sanci L. Improvingthe quality and content of consultations for older people with asthma.2006-2007: $98,500. Administering institution: The Alfred.Arthritis Australia – Research GrantWluka AE. The relationship between body composition and hip cartilage.2007: $50,000. Administering institution: Monash University.AusAID – Bilateral Program GrantsBrown M. Health system seminar. 2007: $134,000. Administeringinstitution: Burnet Institute.Holmes W, Dorning K, Narayan P. Prevention and care of HIV/AIDS inIndonesia. 2003-2007: $3,500,000. Administering institution: BurnetInstitute.Malau C. Pacific regional HIV/AIDS project. 2004-2007: $1,030,000.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Morgan C. China-Australia health facility. 2007: $393,000. Administeringinstitution: Burnet Institute.Morgan C. Tibet health sector support project. 2004-2007: $780,000.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Toole M, Crockett S. PNG national AIDS support program. 2000-2007:$7,350,000. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Wesselingh S. APNAC Neuro-AIDS epidemiology. 2006-2007: $88,000.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.AusAID – NGO Project GrantsDorning K, Morgan D. Burma youth HIV and training project. 2003-2007:$1,266,000. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Power R. Asia Regional HIV/AIDS Project; Indonesian HIV/AIDS Preventionand Care Project; Indonesian-Australian Specialised Training Program;Xinjiang HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Project; SHARP. 2005-2007:$3,300,000. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Whitney R. Australian partnerships with African communities. 2005-2007:$2,210,000. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Whitney R, Otto B, Toole M, Morgan D, Kwarteng T, Vaughan C, HolmesW. Community based HIV programs for youth and vulnerable populations.2001-2007: $1,520,000. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.AusIndustry – Commercial Ready GrantsNave C. Development of V-Vascular. 2007-2009: $357,147. Administeringinstitution: Baker IDI.Williams T, Petrou J. A novel acoustic device for the early detection ofemphysema. 2006-2007: $561,046. Administering institution: The Alfred.Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists – Research GrantsBurnett W, Smart J, Rosenfeld JV. IMASH Trial – does intraveneousmagnesium sulfate improve clinical outcome? 2006-2009: $40,000.Administering institution: Chinese University of Hong Kong.Cooper DJ, Finfer S. PROphylaxis for Thromboembolism in Critical CareTrial (PROTECT). 2007: $54,280. Administering institution: The Alfred.Leslie K, Myles PS. ENIGMA trial long-term follow-up study. 2007:$59,000. Administering institution: The Alfred.Myles P. iPEGASUS. 2007: $64,000. Administering institution: The Alfred.Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society – Project GrantCooper DJ, Pelligrino V, Davies A. ENTERIC: a multicentre randomisedcontrolled trial comparing early jejunal feeding (using a frictionalnasojejunal tube) and standard feeding in critical illness. 2006-2008:$154,000. Administering institution: The Alfred.Nichol A, Cooper DJ, Hodgson C, Tuxen D, Davies A. Permissivehypercapnia and alveolar recruitment with limited airway pressures(PHARLAP). 2007: $30,000. Administering institution: The Alfred.Robertson M, Cooper DJ, Presneill J, Webb S, Higgins A. Heparin in severesepsis. 2007-2008: $25,000. Administering institution: The Alfred.Australian Health Minister’s Advisory Council (AHMAC) Priority DrivenResearch Program – Project GrantHellard M. The impact of text and email messaging on the risk behaviourof young men and women: a randomised controlled trial. 2005-2007:$192,735. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Australian Research Council – Discovery GrantsFebbraio M, Southgate R. Autophagic vacuole formation in mammalianskeletal muscle; role of FOXO proteins. 2007-2009: $285,000.Administering institution: Monash University.Fry TR, Farrell L, Aitken CK. An investigation of illicit tobacco use – itsprevalence, economic impact and the motivations and perceptions ofconsumers. 2006-2008: $165,000. Administering institution: RMITUniversity.Jackson S. Examination of the calcium signalling dynamics linked tointegrin adhesion utilising a novel micro-imaging system. 2006-2008:$294,000. Administering institution: Monash University.Liu J-P, Toh B-H, McLean CA. Characterisation of a novel neural-specificATPase in cholesterol transport. 2006-2008: $256,000. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.MAJOR GRANTS 79

Zion D, Loff B, Briskman L. Caring for asylum seekers in Australia: bioethicsand human rights. 2007-2009: $170,000. Administering institution:Monash University.Australian Research Council – Linkage GrantsLiew D, Reid C, Owen A, Shaw J, Magliano D. Epidemiological modellingof cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Australia. 2007-2009:$212,000. Administering institution: Monash University.Lin V, Oldenburg BF, Hall WD, McDermott RA, Eagar K, Fleming M, LeggeDG, O’Neill DL, Filby DR, Wilson A, Thompson I. Developing new methodsfor building health policy capacity in Australia. 2007-2010: $209,816.00Administering institution: La Trobe University.Lithgow BJ, Kulkarni J, Senyard AL, Edwards RO. Quantitativemeasurement of schizophrenia using electrovestibulography. 2006-2009:$147,900. Administering institution: Monash University.Mason D. Non-invasive control of the VentrAssist VAD. 2007: $77,689.Administering institution: University of NSW.Strugnell RA, Brown LE, Browning GF, Wesselingh SL, Walmsley AM, WebbSR, Gahan ME. Using transgenic plant-based production and deliverysystems to develop an avian influenza vaccine. 2006-2008: $150,000.Administering institution: University of Melbourne.Summers RJ, Tregear GW, Bathgate RA, Samuel CS, Du X, Tang M, JudkinsCP, Gao X. Relaxin: molecular mechanisms of action in the reversalof fibrosis. 2005-2007: $375,000. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Australian Rotary Health Research Fund – Research GrantBrown A. Men, hearts and minds: exploring the links between psychosocialstress, depression and heart disease among Aboriginal men in CentralAustralia. 2007: $59,590. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Snell G. Methods of resuscitation and reserving organs for organ donation(NHBD). 2004-2007: $162,000. Administering institution: The Alfred.Stewart S, Carrington M, Clark R, Jennings G. Healthy hearts – beyond citylimits. 2007-2008: $79,850. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Bethlehem Griffiths Foundation – Research GrantZiebell J, Morganti-Kossmann MC. Cell apoptosis and inflammationin a mouse model of focal closed head injury. 2007-2008: $42,923.Administering institution: The Alfred.Cancer Council Victoria – Project GrantsApostolopoulos V, Pouniotis D, McDonald C. Evaluation of pulmonarymacrophage function in primary lung cancer patients. 2007: $70,000.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Bach L, Rice G. IGF-dependent and independent actions of IGFBP-6.2007-2009: $210,000. Administering institution: Monash University.Department of Health and Ageing (Federal Government)Guy R, Goller J, Hellard M, Halcrow G, Leonard M, O’Shaughnessy T,Anderson I. Evaluation of the tri-state STI/HIV project in central Australia.2007: $58,537. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Hellard M, Donovan B, Guy R, Kaldor J, Sullivan E, Dimech W. AustralianCollaboration for Chlamydia Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance (ACCESS).2007-2008: $1,083,843. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Hellard M, Hocking J, Kyle-Link C. Sex and sport: a community basedprogram of chlamydia testing and treatment in rural and regional Victoria.2006-2007: $166,296. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Mills J, Crowe S, Deacon N, McPhee D. National Centre in HIV VirologyResearch. 1999-2007: $5,000,000. Administering institution: University ofMelbourne.Wilson J. On-line clinical information solution to support the treatment ofcystic fibrosis patients. 2007-2008: $660,000. Administering institution:The Alfred.Life for Life Program. 2005-2008: $2,017,680. Administering institution:Baker IDI.Department of Human Services (Victorian Government)Cameron P. Victorian State Trauma Registry (VSTORM). 2000-2008:$2,579,102. Administering institution: Monash University.Crowe S. HIV susceptibility testing using genotyping. 2005-2007:$2,052,000. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Fairley C, Bourke S, McNamee K, Gurrin L, Gunn J, Guy R, Hellard M, SanciL, Hocking J. Chlamydia prevalence and testing. 2005-2009: $341,493.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Hellard M. A community-based program of chlamydia testing and treatmentin rural and remote Victoria. 2006-2007: $205,160. Administeringinstitution: Burnet Institute.Hellard M, Guy R. Renewal of HIV surveillance in Victoria. 2006-2009:$520,000. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Hellard M, Guy R. HIV epidemiology initiative. 2007: $142,552.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Hellard M, Guy R, Kelly H, Fairley C. HIV, HCV and chlamydia sentinelsurveillance in Victoria. 2005-2007: $413,151. Administering institution:Burnet Institute.Hellard M, Guy R, White B, Minge A. Evaluation of the Victorian PublicHealth Prisoner Initiative. 2006-2008: $94,232. Administering institution:Burnet Institute.Hellard M, Guy R, White B, Minge A. Hepatitis C treatment, informationand support for Victorian prisoners. 2006-2007: $58,510. Administeringinstitution: Burnet Institute.Hellard M, Hocking J. HIV mathematical modelling in Victoria. 2007:$28,849. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Ibrahim J. Determining the awareness of health professionals and carersof the health risks to the elderly from extreme weather conditions. 2007:$99,938. Administering institution: Monash University.Power R. Local solution to public drug use: community consultation andgap analysis. 2007: $71,476. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Spelman D, Woolley I, Cameron P, Jones P. The evolution of a hospitalbased to a state-wide spleen registry. 2007: $99,600. Administeringinstitution: The Alfred.Department of Innovation, Industry and Regional Development(Victorian Government) – Science, Technology and Innovation GrantAustralian Centre for Health Care Innovation (joint venture between AlfredHealth, Monash University, La Trobe University, Baker IDI). 2005-2007:$4,950,000.Department of Veterans Affairs (Federal Government)Sim M, McNeil J, Fritschi L, Forbes A, Kelsall H. A health study of Australia’sGulf War veterans. 2000-2007: $721,134. Administering institution:Monash University.Diabetes Australia Research Trust – Type 1 Millennium AwardForbes J, Thorburn D, Coughlan M, Penfold S. Cytosolic oxidativedisturbances as a source of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabeticnephropathy. 2007-2008: $150,000. Administering institution: Baker IDI.80 MAJOR GRANTS

Diabetes Australia Research Trust – Type 2 Millennium Awardde Courten B, Soldatos G, Walker K, Riley M, Forbes J, Coughlan M, O’DeaK. Will reduction of dietary advanced glycation end-products reduce chroniclow-grade inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity in obese humans?2007-2008: $147,000. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Diabetes Australia Research Trust – Research GrantsBruce C. The role of fatty acid oxidation in regulating skeletal muscle insulinsensitivity. 2007: $42,840. Administering institution: Garvan Institute.Calkin A. The role of urotensin II in diabetic nephropathy. 2007: $49,900.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Febbraio MA, Nicholls H. Fatty acid-induced inflammation in themacrophage: a key mediator of insulin resistance? 2007: $50,000.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Jandeleit-Dahm K, Calkin A, Cooper M. Role of the endothelin systemin diabetes related atherosclerosis and nephropathy. 2007: $50,000.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Lancaster G, Febbraio M. Does the IKK play a role in the physiologicalregulation of insulin signalling? 2007: $45,000. Administering institution:Baker IDI.Shaw J, Duffy S, Cooper M. Do coronary plaque biomechanical differencesbetween diabetic and non diabetic subjects relate to differences in plaquemorphology and measures of neovascularisation? 2007: $50,000.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Shaw J, Tapp R, Colagiuri S, Wong T, Borch-Johnsen K. Re-assessing thediagnostic criteria for diabetes: association of retinopathy with glycaemia.2007: $40,600. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Straznicky N, Lambert E, Masuo K, Lambert G. Sympathetic overactivity inthe metabolic syndrome: benefits of lifestyle intervention. 2007: $50,000.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Foundation for High Blood Pressure Research – Postdoctoral FellowshipMayorov D. Role of redox signalling in the brainstem and hypothalamus incardiovascular reactivity to stress. 2006-2007. Administering institution:Baker IDI.Kidney Health Australia – Bootle GrantThomas M. Novel diabetes research – to explore a link between insulinand the complications it causes. 2006-2010: $1,000,000. Administeringinstitution: Baker IDI.National Heart Foundation of Australia – Grants-in-AidBobik A, Agrotis A. HMGB1, a novel DNA-binding cytokine linkinginflammation and lipid retention during development of atherosclerosis.2006-2007: $118,724. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Cooper M, El-Osta A. Role of epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic vascularcomplications. 2006-2007: $59,703. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Jackson D. Defining mechanisms of stabilisation of platelet aggregates.2007-2008: $125,333. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Jackson SP. Novel mechanisms underlying shear-dependent plateletactivation and arterial thrombosis formation. 2007-2008: $123,000.Administering institution: Monash University.Jandeleit-Dahm K, Schmidt H. Reducing vascular reactive oxygen speciesproduction in diabetes accelerated atheroscelorsis: pharmacologicalinterventions and knockout strategies. 2006-2007: $120,000.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Krum H, Kompa A, Wang B, Drummond G. Is Rho kinase an importantmediator of the pathophysiological effects of cardiac hypertrophy andfailure? 2007-2008: $125,575. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Little P, Osman N, Ballinger M. Protein tyrosine kinase regulationof enzymes determining chondroitin sulfate / dermatan sulfateglycosaminoglycan fine structure on vascular smooth muscle cellproteoglycans: implications for lipid binding and atherosclerosis.2007-2008: $122,820. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Meikle P. Lipid profiling: early detection, monitoring and pathogenesisof atherosclerotic heart disease. 2007-2008: $126,000. Administeringinstitution: Baker IDI.Peter K. Novel recombinant agents for efficient and safe thrombolysiswith three strategies in one molecule: clot-targeted fibrinolysis, activationspecificGPIIb/IIIa blockade, and clot-targeted anticoagulation. 2006-2007:$120,000. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Piterman L, Krum H, Tonkin A, Stewart S. A randomised trial of telephonesupport for chronic heart-failure patients without access to homemanagement programs. 2007: $63,000. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Schoenwaelder SM, Salem HH. Investigate the mechanisms by which type1 phosphoinositide 3-kinase isoforms p110β and p110γ promote arterialthrombosis. 2007-2008: $123,000. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Shaw J, Tonkin A, McNeil J, Zimmet P. Diabetes, glucose intoleranceand insulin resistance: what it their cardiovascular impact? A national,population based cohort study – AusDiab. 2006-2007: $96,449.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Straznicky N, Lambert E, Lambert G, Esler M, Kazuko M. Mechanismsof sympathetic overactivity in the metabolic syndrome: effects ofreversing insulin resistance by drug treatment. 2007-2008: $120,048.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Thomas W. ADAMs in cardiac hypertrophy. 2007-2008: $120,337.Administering institution: Baker IDI.National Heart Foundation of Australia – Overseas Research FellowshipParavicini T. A role for reactive oxygen species in remodelling of resistancevessels during hypertension. 2005-2008. Administering institution: BakerIDI.National Heart Foundation of Australia – Postdoctoral FellowshipsWoollard K. The role of P-selectin in the pathophysiology of peripheralarterial occlusive disease, diabetes and hypertension. 2007-2008.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Liew D. Predicting future patterns of heart disease and diabetes in Australia.2007-2009. Administering institution: Monash University.National Heart Foundation of Australia – World Congress of Cardiology/NHF Clinical FellowshipPeter KH. Thrombosis and myocardial infarction. 2005-2008.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Pfizer – Cardiovascular Lipid Research GrantsGordon M, Calkin A, Jackson S. Role of platelets in diabetes associatedatherothrombosis. 2007: $50,000. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Smith B. Detection of monocyte activation in patients with acute coronarysyndromes. 2007: $40,000. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Pfizer – Research GrantSlavin M, Bradstock K, Sorrell T, Schwarer A, Szer J, Chen S, Morrissey CO.A multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing two strategies for thediagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in high-risk haematology patients (theASPID Study). 2005-2008: $340,000. Administering institution: BurnetInstitute.MAJOR GRANTS 81

Sylvia and Charles Viertel Charitable Foundation – Project GrantWilliams DR. A therapeutic trial of amantadine in progressive supranuclearpalsy (PSP). 2007-2008: $60,000. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Transport Accident Commission and Department of Human Services(Victorian Government) – Outcomes GrantCameron P, Gabbe B, McNeil J. Continuation of the monitoring andevaluation of the Victorian state trauma system. 2005-2008: $1,500,000.Administering institution: Monash University.Transport Accident Commission – FellowshipDowrick A. Optimal timing of definitive fracture fixation in multi-traumapatients. 2007-2008. Administering institution: The Alfred.Transport Accident Commission – GrantsAckland H, Cameron P, Cooper J. Correlation of clinical and radiographicfindings with long term outcomes in road trauma patients with acutecervical discoligamentous injury. 2006-2008: $207,000. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.Butt W, Rosenfeld J, Maixner W, Adamides A. Cerebral autoregulationmonitoring in paediatric traumatic brain injury. 2006-2009: $24,000.Administering institution: Royal Children’s Hospital.Cameron P. Optimising trauma team performance in the EmergencyDepartment. 2007-2008: $80,950. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Cleland H, Wasiak J. Lignocaine for burn pain. 2007-2008. $44,700.Administering institution: The Alfred.Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld J, Kossmann T. Continuation of DECRA project.Part A – decompressive craniectomy study. 2004-2007: $367,732.Administering institution: The Alfred.Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld J, Kossmann T. Continuation of DECRA project.2007-2011: $566,373. Administering institution: The Alfred.Edwards E, Graves S, Williamson O, Richardson M, Cicuttini F, CameronP. Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry (VOTOR) Phase II.2006-2008: $380,000. Administering institution: Monash University.Fitzgerald M, Cameron P, Kossmann T, Cooper DJ. Trauma reception andresuscitation project – time for a new approach. 2005-2007: $1,672,199.Administering institution: The Alfred.Gabbe B. Improving the measurement of function and quality of lifeoutcomes in paediatric trauma. 2007-2008: $156,000. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.Gabbe B. Outcomes following major trauma in Victoria: inclusion of a12 month follow-up and quality of life measure (VSTORM). 2007-2009:$92,400. Administering institution: Monash University.Lyons L. Supporting and strengthening trauma research through anenabling grant for personnel and administration costs at the NTRI.2006-2007: $846,905. Administering institution: The Alfred.Marasco S, Cooper DJ. Phase II pilot randomised trial of operative fixationof fractured ribs in patients with flail chest. 2007-2009: $318,254.Administering institution: The Alfred.Millar I, Cameron P, Williamson O. Does hyperbaric oxygen therapy reducecomplications and improve outcomes after open tibial fractures with severesoft tissue injury? An international multi-centre randomised controlled trial.2006-2010: $273,000. Administering institution: Monash University.O’Donnell ML, Creamer M, Bryant R, Ellen S, Holmes A, KossmannT, Judson R. Towards effectiveness: piloting a stepped mental healthcare model of service delivery. 2006-2008: $429,377. Administeringinstitution: Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health.O’Donnell ML, Creamer M, Bryant R, McFarlane A. A comparison of serviceuse and recovery outcomes for compensable and non-compensabletrauma patients. 2006-2008: $83,184. Administering institution:Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health.Ponsford J. An investigation of outcome in young, adults with traumaticbrain injury, exploring predictive factors and early intervention strategiesto reduce long-term disability. 2005-2007: $374,000. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.Victorian Endowment for Science, Knowledge and Innovation (VESKI) –Innovation FellowshipBarry A. Population genomics of major surface antigen genes of the malariaparasite. 2007. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.VicHealth – FellowshipsDunstan D. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Hellard M. 2004-2008. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Loff B. 2006-2010. Administering institution: Monash University.Peeters A. 2003-2007. Administering institution: Monash University.Victorian Neurotrauma Initiative – Traumatic Brain Injury Project GrantsCooper DJ, Myburgh J, Finfer S, Bellomo R, Norton R. Fluid resuscitationfor patients with traumatic brain injury – potential mechanisms behindthe detrimental effect of albumin resuscitation. 2007-2008: $227,700.Administering institution: The Alfred.Kinsella G, Olver J, Ong B, Kossmann T. Traumatic brain injury in olderadults – does age matter? 2007-2009: $303,188. Administeringinstitution: La Trobe University.McLean C, Morganti-Kossmann C, Rosenfeld J, Kossmann T Establishmentof a neurotrauma tissue/fluid bank within the National Neural TissueResource Centre (NNTRC). 2007-2010: $811,148. Administeringinstitution: The Alfred.Medcalf R, Morganti-Kossmann C, Schmidt H. To determine the roleof tissue type plasminogen activator models of traumatic brain injury.2007-2010: $578,064. Administering institution: Monash University.Morganti-Kossmann C. Enhancing endogenous neurogenesis as apotential therapy following traumatic brain injury (pilot study). 2007-2008:$162,910. Administering institution: The Alfred.Morganti-Kossmann C, Kossmann T, Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld J. Role of posttraumatichypoxia in the exacerbation of cerebral inflammation elicited bybrain injury. 2007-2009: $232,794. Administering institution: The Alfred.Ponsford J, Cameron P, Fitzgerald M. Assessment and interventionfor patients with mild traumatic brain injury. 2007-2009: $229,955.Administering institution: Monash University.Saunders N, Morganti-Kossmann C, Howells D, Crack P, Tan S-S, McIntyreP, Dziegielewska K, Callaway J. Traumatic injury to brain and spinalcord: secondary injury, development and evaluation of new treatments.2007-2009: $4,186,012. Administering institution: University ofMelbourne.Willmott C, Ponsford J. Rehabilitation of attention following traumatic braininjury: a model of methylphenidate. 2007-2008: $35,979. Administeringinstitution: Monash University.International GrantsAmerican Foundation for AIDS Research (amFAR) – FellowshipsWebster N. 2006-2007. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Xhilaga M. 2007-2009. Administering institution: Monash University.82 MAJOR GRANTS

American Foundation for AIDS Research (amFAR) – Project GrantLewin S, Cameron P. The role of CCR7 ligands and dendritic cells in latentHIV infection. 2006-2007: $153,170. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.Association for International Cancer Research (UK) – Project GrantWright M. The role of the tetraspanin CD37 in anti-tumour immunity.2006-2007: UK£117,790. Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Cure Autism Now Foundation (USA) – Treatment AwardRinehart N, Fitzgerald P, Tonge B, Bradshaw J. Can transcranial magneticstimulation alter motor function in autism and Asperger’s disorder?2006-2007: US$120,000. Administering institution: Monash University.Family Health International – USAID Mekong Regional ProgramHughes C. Lao clients of service women. 2005-2007: $455,514.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International – CareerDevelopment AwardForbes JM. Designing more effective treatment strategies for diabeticnephropathy. 2005-2009: US$625,000. Administering institution: BakerIDI.Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International – ClinicalInvestigations Research GrantCooper M. Role of alagebrium in diabetic nephropathy. 2006-2009:US$1,635,840. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International – Project GrantsAllen T, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Koh P, Miljavec S, Langmaid G. VascularNADPH oxidases in diabetic atherosclerosis. 2007-2009: US$476,200.Administering institution: Baker IDI.Bach L, Cooper M, McRobert E, Gallicchio M. The role of ezrin-radixinmoesinproteins, novel binding proteins for advanced glycationendproducts, in diabetic nephropathy. 2005-2007: $630,000.Administering institution: Monash University.Cooper M, Thomas M, Tikellis C, Burrell L, Koitka A, Prestinenzi A.Novel regulators of the renin angiotensin system in the diabetic kidney.2007-2009: US$493,870. Administering institution: Baker IDI.El-Osta A. Characterising the Set7-histone methyltransferase complex inmemory. 2007: US$110,000. Administering institution: Baker IDI.El-Osta A. Role of chromatin remodeling in diabetic vascular complications.2005-2008: US$494,175. Administering institution: Baker IDI.National Institutes of Health (USA)Broderick J, Rosenfeld JV. Familial intracranial aneurysm project (FIA).2003-2007: $71,778 (AMREP component). Administering institution:University of Auckland.Cooper M, Allen T, Burrell L, Forbes J, Groop P-H, Jandeleit-Dahm K,Jerums G, Parving H-H. AGEs and cardiovascular disease in Type 1diabetes. 2006-2010: US$1,338,000. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Kaldor J, Crofts N, Dore G, Hellard M, Lloyd A, Rawlinson W, MacCaughanG, Haber P, van Beek I, Dolan K. Longitudinal cohort study of newlyacquired hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users.2003-2008: $1,800,000. Administering institution: University of NSW.Loff B. International bioethics education and career development.2004-2008: $1,000,000. Administering institution: Monash University.Lopez A, Berndt M. A novel receptor: 14-3-3 axis regulates cell function.2002-2007: $710,000. Administering institution: Hanson Institute.McArthur J, Wesselingh S, Cherry CL. HIV sensory neuropathies: riskfactors and immunopathology. 2002-2007: US$2,444,000. Administeringinstitution: Johns Hopkins University.McCarthy T, Wesselingh S. VivaGel microbicide development consortium.2005-2010: $26,000,000. Administering institution: Starpharma.McCarthy T, Wesselingh S, Crowe S. Development of dendrimer andcombination microbicides. 2004-2009: US$5,646,466. Administeringinstitution: Starpharma.Thio C, Locarnini SA, Thomas D, Lewin SR, Saszdeusz J, Dore G, CooperD, Seeger E, Goodman Z. The natural history and virology of HIV-HBV coinfection.2004-2009: US$2,500,000. Administering institution: MelbourneHealth.Stanley Medical Research Institute (USA)Kulkarni J. A multi-site adjunctive estradiol treatment in women withschizophrenia. 2006-2008: US$1,223,533. Administering institution:Monash University.United Nations Development Program – Fund for HIV/AIDS in MyanmarGrantsBaldwin S. Technical assistance program. 2005-2007: $636,700.Administering institution: Burnet Institute.Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International – Sub Grant toAlbert Einstein Center Australian Arm Core BAllen T, Bobik A, Forbes J, Kantharides P, Tikellis C. Renal/AtherosclerosisCore. 2004-2009: US$301,845. Administering institution: Baker IDI.Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International – Albert EinsteinCenter Australian Arm Project 4Forbes J, Thomas M, Cooper M, Bach L. Optimising preventative therapy fordiabetic complications: identifying tissue specific mechanisms of reactiveoxygen species. 2004-2009: US$762,060. Administering institution:Baker IDI.Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International – Training GrantTikellis C. The role of angiotensin converting enzyme in diabeticcomplications. 2006-2009. Administering institution: Baker IDI.National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, USA –Young Investigator AwardFitzgerald P. 2003-2007: US$100,000. Administering institution: MonashUniversity.MAJOR GRANTS 83

PostgraduateStudentsPhDAbdullah A. Decentralised health planning and resources allocation (casestudy in Indonesia). Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2011.Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Ackland H. Assessment of the correlation of clinical and radiographicfindings in acute cervical discoligamentous injury with long term outcomesin road trauma patients. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2014.Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Ademi Z. Efficacy and benefits of treatment in the Second NationalAustralian Blood Pressure Study (ANBP2). Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2011. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash.Alexander B. Transient processing in visual perception: the role of lateralintraparietal cortex. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. AlfredPsychiatry Research Centre.Andrew N. Epidemiology and outcomes of serious sport and leisureinjuries. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2015. Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Ansari Z. The Victorian Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Study:reducing demand on hospital services in Victoria: opportunities for targetedinterventions. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Departmentof Rheumatology, Alfred / Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash.Azzam R. Mechanisms underlying HIV-mediated inhibition of macrophageeffector functions. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Burnet/ Department of Medicine, Monash.Barit D. Role of NADPH oxidase in diabetic nephropathy: interventional andgene knockout studies. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009.Baker IDI / Department of Medicine, Monash.Barr E. The contribution of impaired glucose metabolism to cardiovasculardisease and to mortality in Australians. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2010. Baker IDI / Department of Epidemiology and PreventiveMedicine, Monash.Bartholomeusz C. The effects of estrogen on cognitive performancein healthy pre and post-menopausal women: are estrogen’s effects oncognition mediated by the cholinergic system? Swinburne University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.Barton D. The neurobiology of depressive illness; monoaminergicfunction and mechanisms of cardiac risk. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Baker IDI / Department of Medicine, Monash.Bayles R. Examination of the noradrenaline transporter in major depressivedisorder: delineating mechanisms of cardiac risk. Deakin University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred/ Baker IDI.Bayliss J. Mechanisms of cardiac allograft rejection. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2009. Department of Medicine, Monash / Pathology,Alfred.Bayne S. Oestrogen regulation of telomerase activity in mice. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Immunology,Monash.Beauchamp A. Socioeconomic status as a determinant of cardiovasculardisease in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort study. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2011. Department of Epidemiology and PreventiveMedicine, Monash.Beddoes L. Evaluating the quality of 24 hour acute care delivery:Describing functional outcomes of older people using a model of bestpractice. Deakin University. Anticipated completion: 2009. Nursing, Alfred.Bellamy-McIntyre A. Receptor-activated conformation of the gp120-gp41glycoprotein complex of HIV-1. Monash University. Burnet.Beltz M. The implications of neuroscience for childhood education. PhD,Monash University. Completed: 2007. Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.Bennett C. The impact of environmental exposures to particulate airpollution on respiratory health. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2009. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Bergin S. Community based management of diabetes related footcomplications – current and future models of care. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Caulfield Hospital.Berry P. The relationship between body composition and hip cartilagevolume. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009. Department ofRheumatology, Alfred / Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash.Bertovic D. The arterial biomechanical and hemodynamic factorscontributing to unstable coronary disease. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2009. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred / Baker IDI /Department of Medicine, Monash.Berzsenyi M. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection: aspects of genomics,coinfection and treatment. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2008. Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred / Department of Medicine,Monash.Bingham G. Identifying susceptible critically ill patients who desaturatefollowing hyperbaric treatment: Their characteristics and outcomes. LaTrobe University. Anticipated completion 2010. Nursing, Alfred / HyperbaricService, Alfred.Blackman (Ikin) J. War exposure and its health outcomes in servicepersonnel. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Bohensky M. Using routine hospital data to measure and improve thequality of patient care. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2011.Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.84 POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS

Botlero R. Investigating women’s health issues: urinary incontinence andlow back pain. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. . Women’sHealth Program, Monash / Department of Rheumatology, Alfred / Department ofMedicine, Monash.Bourne A. EGF receptor transactivation in the heart. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Baker IDI.Brasacchio D. Role of epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic vascularcomplications. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Baker IDI/ Department of Medicine, Monash.Brennan S. How does bone metabolism affect knee cartilage in healthywomen? Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2011. Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Brooks N. Membrane permeable multiple antigen peptides for theimmunotherapy of cancer. RMIT University. Burnet.Buchanan F. The influence of gender on recovery from anaesthesia.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofAnaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred / Department of Rheumatology,Alfred / Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Burton P. Physiological studies of the oesophagogastric junction relating tosatiety and reflux. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2011. Centrefor Obesity Research and Education, Monash / Department of Surgery, Monash.Callander G. Molecular Regulation of LGR7 and LGR8. University ofMelbourne. Anticipated completion: 2008. Baker IDI.Cameron A. The Metabolic Syndrome in Australia. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2010. Baker IDI / Department of Epidemiology andPreventive Medicine, Monash.Chan F. The role of the insulin gene in Type 1 diabetes. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Immunology, Monash.Chan H-W. Angiotensin II: stimulated EGFR transactivation: the role of HER1, HER 2 and HER 4. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008.Baker IDI.Chan MH. Investigating the signalling pathways and biological roles ofintramyocellular interleukin-6 production. Monash University. Completed:2007. Baker IDI.Chang J. Determinants of clearance of hepatitis B virus infection. Universityof Melbourne. Anticipated completion: 2008. Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred/ Burnet.Chang L. Epigenetic regulation in cardiac hypertrophy. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2011. Baker IDI / Department of Medicine, Monash.Chellappah J. Surveillance and modification cardiovascular risk factorsin children and young adults. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2008. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Chen L. Development and validation of appropriate methods for theprediction of risk of future cardiovascular events in the contemporaryAustralian population. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010.Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Chen LF. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstreaminfection: epidemiology, patient outcomes, risk factors, infection controlmethodology and prevention in community-based hospitals. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2015. Department of Medicine, Monash.Chen YC. Targeting stem cells to the sites of endothelial damage andatherosclerotic lesions. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2011.Baker IDI / Department of Medicine, Monash.Chin G. The study, observation and improvements in obstetric clinicalhandover to improve the efficacy and patient safety in this practice. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2010. Department of Epidemiology andPreventive Medicine, Monash.Chow MZ. The molecular mechanism of fragile X syndrome. University ofMelbourne. Completed: 2007. Baker IDI.Clissold B. Analysis of ambulance factors in identification of stroke andaccessibility to hospitals with acute stroke therapies. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2011. Department of Epidemiology and PreventiveMedicine, Monash.Coghlan J. The efficacy and safety of different peri-operative modalities ofpain control in subcromial decompression and/or rotator cuff repair surgeryfor rotator cuff disease. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008.Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Cohen E. Evaluating quality of care in an oncology setting: symptommanagement and practices. Deakin University. Anticipated completion2009. Nursing, Alfred.Colles SL. Diet and exercise post lap-band surgery: an investigation ofoptimal management strategies for morbidly obese individuals. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2008. Centre for Obesity Research andEducation, Monash / Department of Surgery, Monash.Cook N. Regulation of the renal sodium co-transporter, NKCC2 by theenergy sensing kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase. University ofMelbourne. Burnet.Cornall A. The role of Nef interaction with Src family tyrosine kinases inenhancement of HIV-1 replication and infectivity in primary T lymphocytesand macrophages. Monash University. Completed: 2007. Burnet.Counihan N. Interactions of hepatitis A virus with host cells. MonashUniversity. Burnet.Cowie B. Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in Victoria. Universityof Melbourne. Anticipated completion: 2008. Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred/ Burnet.Cowley D. Molecular studies of the astrocyte reservoir of HIV-1 in thecentral nervous system. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009.Department of Medicine, Monash / Burnet.Crosbie J. Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2008. William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred.David C. Development of a rotavirus vaccine. University of Melbourne.Anticipated completion: 2010. Department of Immunology, Monash.Davies-Tuck M. Factors affecting knee cartilage in health and disease.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009. Department ofRheumatology, Alfred / Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash.Dean J. Mechanisms of HCV glycoprotein mediated membrane fusion: roleof thiol disulfide isomerisation. Monash University. Burnet.De Guzman G. Efficient production of health related vaccines in in-vitrogrown plant tissues using novel plant species as hosts. Monash University.Burnet.Desmond C. Interaction of hepatitis B virus and the adaptive immunesystem. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009. InfectiousDiseases Unit, Alfred / Department of Medicine, Monash / Burnet.Devas C. Age differences in causal attributions of pain. La Trobe University.Completed: 2007. Caulfield Hospital.Ditiatkovski M. Macrophage migratory inhibitory factor and atherosclerosis.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Baker IDI.Diug B. How do social risk factors effect Warfarin therapy? What arethe social responsibilities and strategies in place to deal with these riskfactors. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2011. Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Dong X. GB virus-B as surrogate model for hepatitis C virus. MonashUniversity. Burnet.POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS 85

Doolan G. Occupational exposure using self reports and a job exposurematrix in relation to prostate cancer from an Australian case-controlstudy. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Dowrick A. Development of an orthopaedic trauma registry to evaluate andmonitor treatment effectiveness. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2008. National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred / Department of Epidemiologyand Preventive Medicine, Monash.Drew B. The role of HDL and dyslipidaemia in NO medicated glucoseuptake in Type 2 diabetes. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2008. Baker IDI / Department of Medicine, Monash / Department ofCardiovascular Medicine, Alfred.Duncan G. Incidence and prevalence study of people experience chronicwounds in the community in Victoria. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2012. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash.Dwyer J. The role(s) of molecular signalling in the regulation oftelomerase. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Departmentof Immunology, Monash.Ellis P. The phosphorylation of HIV-1 Nef by PKC. University of Melbourne.Completed: 2007. Burnet.Elsik M. Effect of biventricular pacing on fibrosis markers in heart failure.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009. Clinical PharmacologyUnit, Alfred / Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Evans V. The role of thymic dendritic cells in HIV pathogenesis. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2010. Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred /Department of Medicine, Monash / Burnet.Feil J. Substance dependence: the inability to inhibit compulsive patternsof drug use. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2014. AlfredPsychiatry Research Centre.Field J. Experimental autoimmune gastritis: mechanisms of induction andtherapeutic strategies. Monash University. Completed: 2007. Department ofImmunology, Monash.Figueiredo A. Enhancement of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase dimersiationby Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI) and NNRTIresistancemutations. Monash University. Completed: 2007. Burnet.Katsara M. Myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein peptides andimmune responses in mice. University of Patras, Greece. Burnet.Filia S. Monitoring and improving the outcomes and quality of life ofpeople with psychosis – a biopsychosocial approach. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2011. Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.Fillipas S. Physical activity in people living with HIV/AIDS. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2010. Physiotherapy Department, Alfred /Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash / Burnet.Flynn J. Stimulation and maintenance of T cell responses in acute HCVinfection. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009. Department ofImmunology, Monash / Burnet.Fradkin A. Sports injury epidemiology. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash.Ghasemzadeh M. Examining the signalling mechanisms regulatingplatelet activation and in particular the role of PI3-kinases in this process.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009. Australian Centre for BloodDiseases, Monash.Gibbie T. Psychological predictors of the effectiveness of motivationalinterviewing as an intervention for sexual high risk taking behaviours inmen who have sex with men. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2010. Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.Giles M. HIV, reproduction and women in Australia. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred / Department ofMedicine, Monash / Burnet.Giummarra M. Predictors of post-amputation phantom limb pain. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2008. Caulfield Hospital.Goeman D. Improving the quality and content of General Practiceconsultations for people with asthma. Monash University (part-time).Anticipated completion: 2012. Department of Allergy, Immunology andRespiratory Medicine, Alfred / Department of Medicine, Monash.Goldschlager T. The biology and regeneration of traumatic vs degenerativecervical intervertebral discs. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2008. Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred / Department of Surgery, Monash.Gordon M. Role of platelets in diabetes associated artherothrombosis.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2011. Baker IDI / Department ofMedicine, Monash.Gorzin AA. Study of the NS2 role in HCV life cycle. Monash University.Burnet.Gosling C. Incidence, risk factors and outcomes of injuries in triathletes.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2014. Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Gouklani H. Study of the role of the p7 protein of hepatitis C virus in virallife cycle. Monash University. Burnet.Gray L. Viral determinants of HIV-1 neurotropism and neurovirulence.University of Melbourne. Burnet.Guy R. HIV incidence and testing patterns among men who have sex withmen in Victoria. Monash University. Burnet.Haas S. The pharmaco-epidemiology and cost-effectiveness of drugsindicated and contra-indicated in chronic heart failure. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Alfred / Departmentof Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Harcourt B. Interaction between receptors of advanced glycation inmediating proximal tubule cell dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009. Baker IDI / Department ofImmunology, Monash / Department of Medicine, Monash.Harriss L. Dietary risks and alcohol as determinants of cardiovasculardisease in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Epidemiology and PreventiveMedicine, Monash.Hawkes D. Re-arrangement of lipid membrane following HIV-1 infection.Monash University. Burnet.Henstridge D. Contraction mediated glucose uptake as a therapeutictarget in Type 2 diabetes. Monash University. Completed: 2007. Baker IDI /Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred.Higgs P. Factors influencing hepatitis C infection among ethnic Vietnameseheroin injectors. Monash University. Burnet.Hodgson C. Recruitment manoeuvres in adult ventilated patients. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2010. Physiotherapy Department, Alfred /Intensive Care Unit, Alfred.Hosseini E. The role of genetic variants of HLA-E in NK cell function andstem cell transplant outcome. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2010. Department of Immunology, Monash.Huynh J. Helix VIII of the type 1 angiotension receptor as a lipid-activatorsignalling sensor. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. BakerIDI.Huynh N. The role of endothelin and nitric oxide in hypercholesterolaemia.Monash University. Completed: 2007. Department of CardiovascularMedicine, Alfred / Baker IDI.86 POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS

Iles L. Myocardial fibrosis and heart failure. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2011. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred / Baker IDI /Department of Medicine, Monash.Inyang I. Assessment of exposure to radiofrequency energy in anepidemiological cohort. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009.Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Iser D. Interactions between HIV and hepatitis B virus. University ofMelbourne. Anticipated completion: 2008. Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred /Burnet.Iyngkaran P. The renovascular axis in cardiovascular disease. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2011. Department of Epidemiology andPreventive Medicine, Monash.Jackobson A. The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation ondreaming. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. AlfredPsychiatry Research Centre.Jennings P. Analgesia in the Victorian prehospital setting. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2015. Department of Epidemiology andPreventive Medicine, Monash.Jones B. Role of cognitive emotional regulation in adjustment followingtraumatic injury. University of Melbourne. Anticipated completion: 2008.National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred.Jones K. Host cell factors and the early steps of HIV-1 replication. MonashUniversity. Burnet.Karipidis K. Electromagnetic fields and the possibility of adverse healtheffects. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Karunaratne A. Ethical aspects of human subject research. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Medicine, Monash.Keating C. Abnormal fear circuits in panic disorder: linking abnormalactivation of the amygdala with cardiac sympathetic nerve system andbrain monoamine turnover. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2008. Baker IDI.Keating S. The role of epigenetic chromatin remodelling in the expressionof genes relevant to diabetic nephropathy. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2011. Baker IDI / Department of Medicine, Monash.Kelly V. The effects of heterogeneity and airway closure on airwaydistensibility measurements in asthma. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2009. Department of Allergy, Immunology and RespiratoryMedicine, Alfred.Kemp W. Vascular mediators of portal hypertension and the role ofurotensin II. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Departmentof Gastroenterology, Alfred / Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Alfred / Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Khong S. The role of arginase II in hypertension and nitrate tolerance.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. Department ofCardiovascular Medicine, Alfred / Baker IDI / Department of Medicine, Monash.King S. Prevalence and predictors of malnutrition in cystic fibrosis. MonashUniversity. Completed: 2007. Department of Nutrition, Alfred / Department ofAllergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred.Ko H. Induction of immune tolerance for the treatment of autoimmunity.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofImmunology, Monash.Lam L. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute decompensatedheart failure. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. Departmentof Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Lam N. Biology of stem cells in the failing heart. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2011. Baker IDI / Department of Medicine, Monash.Latour P. Optimisation of HCV specific immunity. Monash University. Burnet.Lay CS. Structural and functional studies of the membrane fusion proteinsof retroviruses. University of Melbourne. Burnet.Laycock R. Transient processing in reading: is the magnocellular advantageessential for fluid reading? La Trobe University. Anticipated completion:2008. Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.Leder K. Infections in travellers. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2008. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Lee A. Gastro-oesophageal reflux in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseand bronchiectasis. University of Melbourne. Anticipated completion: 2008.Physiotherapy Department, Alfred.Lee G. The utility of the ECG in detecting and managing cardiovasculardisease in South Africa: the heart of Soweto study. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2011. Baker IDI / Department of Epidemiology andPreventive Medicine, Monash.Lee PS. Influence of n3:n6 fatty acids ratio on vascular inflammatoryprofile in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2011. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred / Baker IDI /Department of Medicine, Monash.Leeansyah E. The effect of HIV infection of Fc receptor expression andfunction. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofMedicine, Monash / Burnet.Lemoh C. HIV in Victoria’s African communities: reducing risks andimproving care. University of Melbourne. Burnet.Lewis P. Methodological considerations in cerebral autoregulationassessment. Monash University (part-time). Anticipated completion: 2014.Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred / Department of Surgery, Monash.Lim M. Novel ways of assessing and reducing the sexual risk behaviour ofyoung men and women. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009.Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash / Burnet.Lim R. Candidate based and proteomic based approaches for detectionof early stage biomarkers of ovarian cancer. University of Melbourne.Anticipated completion: 2008. Baker IDI.Lowinger J. Development and testing of indicator(s) for monitoring andmanaging warfarin related harm in Australia. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2015. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash.Macfarlane E. Occupational exposures and cancer risk in Australianworkers. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2011. Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Malakooti N. The role of neuroprotectants in secondary tissue damageafter traumatic brain injury. Monash University (part time). Anticipatedcompletion: 2015. National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred / Department ofMedicine, Monash.Mariani J. Gene therapy in heart failure. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred / Baker IDI /Department of Medicine, Monash.Maslin C. Effect of HIV-1 infection on the capacity of monocyte subsets totraffic into and out of tissues. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2008. Department of Medicine, Monash.Maxwell S. Fragile X gene rescue by knockout of key transcriptionalregulators. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2011. Baker IDI /Department of Medicine, Monash.Mayes P. Development of novel compounds for the treatment of metastaticmalignancy and vascular disease. Monash University. Completed: 2007.Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash.POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS 87

McCaffrey K. Characterising the HCV E2 glycoprotein core domain.Monash University. Burnet.McCauley K. The management of psychosis in pregnancy. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2008. Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.McGrady M. Epidemiological assessment of aboriginal and non-aboriginalAustralians at high risk of developing heart failure. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2011. Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Alfred / Departmentof Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.McKenzie D. The development, comparison and application of briefpsychological diagnostic and screening tests by statistical and machinelearning methods. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010.Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.McTier L. Defining patient participation in treatment in acute care context.Deakin University. Anticipated completion 2010. Nursing, Alfred.McWilliams T. Lung post airway transplant remodelling. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Allergy, Immunologyand Respiratory Medicine, Alfred / Department of Medicine, Monash.Medi C. Atrial remodelling in pulmonary and systemic hypertension.University of Melbourne. Anticipated completion: 2009. Department ofCardiovascular Medicine, Alfred.Merati T. The epidemiology of HIV infection in Bali. Udayana University,Indonesia. Burnet.Mijch A. Measuring and managing viral breakthrough in HIV disease.Monash University (part time). Anticipated completion: 2008. InfectiousDiseases Unit, Alfred / Department of Medicine, Monash.Morrissey O. Invasive aspergillosis in patients post haematopoieticstem cell transplantation and in patients with acute leukaemia: currentepidemiology and methods of improving survival. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred / Department ofMedicine, Monash.Mukherjee S. Nitric oxide and oxidative stress in human hypertension.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofCardiovascular Medicine, Alfred / Baker IDI / Department of Medicine, Monash.Murphy A. The role of C-reactive protein in leukocyte mediated vascularinflammation. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009.Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred / Baker IDI / Department ofMedicine, Monash.Nair R. Neovascularisation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2009. Department of CardiovascularMedicine, Alfred / Baker IDI / Department of Medicine, Monash.Nataraj S. Bioethics and HIV interventions. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2010. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash.Neill B. The role of interleukin-6 family cytokines in the regulation ofPGC-1α expression and activity in skeletal muscle cells. RMIT University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Baker IDI.Newton E. Social cognition, perception and temperament: associations withsocial adjustment in adolescents and young adults. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2010. Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.Nguyen H-A. Development of a mouse model of chronic asthma andallergic inflammation. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2009. Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred /Department of Immunology, Monash.Nguyen O. Prevention of cytomegalovirus disease after stem celltransplantation. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009.Department of Immunology, Monash.Nichols H. Inflammation in insulin signalling. RMIT University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Baker IDI.O’Brien L. Determining readiness of people with acute brain injuryto engage in hand therapy treatment. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2010. Occupational Therapy Service, Alfred.Ono A. Investigation of mechanisms underlying thrombus stability. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2009. Australian Centre for BloodDiseases, Monash.Ooi J. Epigenetic modification and the role of chromatin modifyingdeterminants in the hypertrophied heart. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2009. Baker IDI / Department of Medicine, Monash.O’Toole J. Water re use and alternative water sources: attitudes, practices,risk assessment and human health outcomes. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Epidemiology and PreventiveMedicine, Monash.Oro C. Signalling at seven-transmembrane receptors. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Baker IDI.Panjari M. Efficacy and safety of exogenous DHEA in postmenopausalwomen. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009. Women’s HealthProgram, Monash / Department of Medicine, Monash.Peyton P. The effect of V/Q inhomogeneity on the second gas effect duringanaesthesia. University of Melbourne. Anticipated completion: 2008.Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred.Pham Y. Atherosclerosis and fibrosis: role of cell division autoantigen1. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofImmunology, Monash / Baker IDI.Pickering R. Development of a plant-derived vaccine for measles. MonashUniversity. Burnet.Pinto A. Molecular regulation of telomerase. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Department of Immunology, Monash.Porello E. Angiotensin II and neonatal heart growth. University ofMelbourne. Anticipated completion: 2008. Baker IDI.Potts J. Epigenetic modifications in response to double-strand breaks.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Baker IDI / Department ofMedicine, Monash.Pretorius L. Beneficial role of genes activated in the athelete’s heart ina setting of heart failure: role of P13K(p110α) and exercise. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2011. Baker IDI / Department of Medicine,Monash.Prior L. Cardiovascular consequences of obesity. University of Melbourne.Anticipated completion: 2008. Baker IDI.Racunica T. The effect of lifestyle factors on knee cartilage volume in healthysubjects. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofRheumatology, Alfred.Rajasuriar R. Biological determinants of immune reconstitution. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2010. Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred /Department of Medicine, Monash / Burnet.Rizak S. Developing evidence-based, strategic water quality monitoringsystems. Monash University. Completed: 2007. Department of Epidemiologyand Preventive Medicine, Monash.Rodrigo S. Health effects of increased usage of recycled water andalternative water sources. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2010. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Rose H. Impact of HIV infection and its treatment on cholesterolmetabolism. Monash University. Completed: 2007. Department ofCardiovascular Medicine, Alfred / Baker IDI.88 POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS

Ryan C. The HIV epidemics in Australia, Papua New Guinea and the PacificIslands – a molecular epidemiological investigation. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2009. Department of Medicine, Monash / Burnet.Scholzen A. Modulation of the human immune system by particulatevaccines and the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. University ofMelbourne. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Immunology,Monash.Selathurai A. CD4+ CD25+ T cells regulating atherosclerosis: mechanismsand therapeutic targets. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008.Baker IDI.Semple B. The role of chemokines in mediating inflammation followingtraumatic brain injury. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010.National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred / Department of Medicine, Monash.Shah S. Determinants of cognitive function in women across the adult lifespan. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Women’s HealthProgram, Monash / Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.Sheeran FL. The role of mitochondria in cardiovascular health and disease.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Surgery,Monash / Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alfred / Baker IDI.Sheng H. Immunological studies on the adjuvanticity of polymannose andthe ablation of CD151. University of Melbourne. Burnet.Shield K. Describing an in vitro model for ovarian cancer metastasis.Deakin University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Baker IDI.Smith B. Atherosclerosis as a pilot model to investigate efficacy of stemcell homing using single-chain antibodies. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2011. Baker IDI / Department of Medicine, Monash.Smith S. Strategies to enhance mucosal uptake of plant-derived oralvaccines. University of Melbourne. Burnet.Smyth R. Retroviral recombination. Monash University. Burnet.Snelgrove S. The role of β 2microglobulin in Type 1 diabetics. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Immunology,Monash.Sofian T. Characterisation of the interaction between plasmin andantiplasmin. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. AustralianCentre for Blood Diseases, Monash.Soufan C. The effect of physical activity in the knee joint: is it good orbad? Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009. Department ofRheumatology, Alfred.Southgate R. Role of FoxO1 in skeletal muscle metabolism and growth.RMIT University. Completed: 2007. Baker IDI.Stebbing M. Current issues in risk perception and the transmission of ideasof risk. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Sterjovski J. Pathogenesis of macrophage-tropic HIV-1. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Medicine, Monash / Burnet.Stuckey M. Evaluation of occupational health for light vehicle use. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2009. Department of Epidemiology andPreventive Medicine, Monash.Szollosi I. Characteristics of sleep disordered breathing in heart failure.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Allergy,Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred / Department of Medicine,Monash.Tan A. Pathological pathways determined by the interaction betweenadvanced glycation receptors in diabetic nephropathy. University ofMelbourne. Anticipated completion: 2008. Baker IDI.Tang CK. Novel gene delivery vehicles: oxidised and reduced mannan.University of Melbourne. Burnet.Teteris S. Mechanisms of apoptosis in cultured renal cells and chronicrenal disease. Monash University. Completed: 2007. Department ofMedicine, Monash.Thallas V. Advanced glycation end products by protein kinase C dependentpathways play a role in diabetic vascular complications. University ofMelbourne. Anticipated completion: 2010. Baker IDI / Department ofEndocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred.Thom O. Non-invasive measurement of cardiac output in the emergencydepartment. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009. Departmentof Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred / Department of Epidemiologyand Preventive Medicine, Monash.Thompson J. Characterisation of the IGF dependent and independentactions of IGF-binding protein G. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Baker IDI / Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes,Alfred / Department of Medicine, Monash.Thomson N. Public health implications of amphetamine use epidemicin Northern Thailand. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009.Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Tippett E. Contribution of monocyte subsets to HIV-1 viral reservoirs.Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. Department of Medicine,Monash / Burnet.To K. Mechanisms of action and suppression of natural killer T cells inatherosclerosis. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. BakerIDI.Tong YK. VLP for improved immune response to HIV-1 gp140. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2009. Department of Immunology, Monash/ Burnet.Tran L. Therapeutic targeting of signalling pathways in cardiovasculardisease. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2011. Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Treble K. Characterisation of a host cell factor that interacts with the HIV-1reverse transcriptase. Monash University. Burnet.Tu YW. Molecular mechanisms of CDA1 on cell proliferation and matrixprotein production. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008.Department of Immunology, Monash / Baker IDI.Upton D. A functional measure of prefrontal plasticity – cognitiveperformance on a Stroop negative priming task post rTMS. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2008. Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.Vaddadi G. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of the disorders ofcirculatory control which cause postural syncope. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred /Baker IDI / Department of Medicine, Monash.Van de Velde N. The role of FcγRIIa in antibody-induced tissue destructionin autoimmune disease. La Trobe University. Completed: 2007. Burnet.van der Merwe J. Effect of VentrAssist pump on the peripheral circulationand response of pump to exercise. Monash University (part time).Anticipated completion: 2014. Department of Surgery, Monash / Departmentof Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alfred.Vasilevski O. Mechanisms for inhibiting hypertrophic growth of the heart.Swinburne University. Completed: 2007. Baker IDI.Vinh A. Assessment of novel inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases inabdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash.Walls H. Effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and equity of obesity preventionstrategies. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS 89

Walsh N. Psychosocial, environmental and pharmacotherapy determinantsof antiviral treatment in injecting drug users. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash / Burnet.Wang Y. Factors affecting knee cartilage and bone subjects with kneeosteoarthritis. Monash University. Completed: 2007. Department ofRheumatology, Alfred.Wapling J. The role of RT dimerisation in RT maturation and HIV-1replication. Monash University. Burnet.Wasiak J. The physical and psychosocial outcomes following burn injury:a 12-month follow-up study. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2015. Burns Unit, Alfred / Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash.Weller C. Chronic wounds: outcomes for people attending specialist woundclinics. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Westall G. Virological and Immunological dynamics of HCMV-associatedchronic rejection in lung transplantation. Monash University. Completed:2007. Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred.Westein E. Spatial and temporal regulation of signalling events leading toα llbβ 3. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009. Australian Centrefor Blood Diseases, Monash.Westhorpe C. The effect of HIV-1 infection on the capacity of monocytesubsets to traffic into and out of tissues by transmigration acrossendothelial barriers. Monash University. Burnet.White A. Large artery stiffness as a risk marker and therapeutic target:structural and genetic aspects. Monash University. Completed: 2007.Department of Cardiovascular Medicine / Alfred. Baker IDI.White J. Modulating cellular DNA damage responses by altering thechromosomal damage. University of Melbourne (part-time). Anticipatedcompletion: 2010. Baker IDI.Wijemunige R. Improving the prevention and early detection of secondarybrain injury in severe TBI patients. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2010. Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred / Intensive Care Unit,Alfred / Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Willis C. The practicality of using indicators to assess quality within healthsystems. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. Department ofEpidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Wolff A. Wimmera clinical risk management model. Monash University.Completed: 2007. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash.Wong S-S. Studies of the ion channel activity of M protein of dengue virus.University of Melbourne. Burnet.Wong V. New strategies and agents for clot-targeted anticoagulation withlower bleeding risk. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008.Baker IDI.Wright E. Neuropathogenesis of HIV dementia. Monash University (parttime). Anticipated completion: 2009. Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred /Department of Medicine, Monash / Burnet.Yallop J. Multi-centre national and multi-national clinical trials in chronicdisease – methodological considerations. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash.Yang E. Targeting oncoproteins by combined immunotherapy for breastcancer. University of Melbourne. Burnet.Yap SH. Novel drug resistance mutations in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.Monash University. Burnet.Young A. Hypoxia and hypercapnia in cystic fibrosis – mechanisms,clinical effects and treatment. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2008. Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred /Department of Medicine, Monash.Yu K. Implementing a core dataset for the reporting of medication incidents.Monash University. Anticipated completion 2008. Pharmacy Department,Alfred.Yuen YC. A novel haemodynamic role for interleukin-6 in the regulationof skeletal muscle blood flow. Monash University. Anticipated completion:2008. Baker IDI.Zaffino L. Role of FoxO proteins in the regulation of skeletal muscleanabolism, catabolism and insulin sensitivity. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2009. Baker IDI.Zaidi T. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of clinical decision supportsystems. Monash University. Completed: 2007. Pharmacy Department,Alfred.Zazryn T. A prospective study of cumulative brain injury in boxers. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Epidemiology andPreventive Medicine, Monash.Ziebell J. Cell apoptosis and inflammation following focal closed headinjury. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009. National TraumaResearch Institute, Alfred / Department of Medicine, Monash.Zimmet H. Stem cells in treatment of heart failure. Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2009. Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Alfred / Departmentof Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash.Other DoctoratesAdamides A. Intensive monitoring of severe brain injury. Doctor ofMedicine. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofNeurosurgery, Alfred / Department of Surgery, Monash.Anderson J. Examining cognition function in patients with the orthostaticintolerance. Doctor of Psychology, Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred / Baker IDI.Cox A. The schoolyard participation project. Doctor of OccupationalTherapy, La Trobe University. Anticipated completion: 2010. OccupationalTherapy Service, Alfred.Field S. A neuropsychological assessment of memory processingin patients who experience verbal auditory hallucinations. Doctor ofPsychology, Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. AlfredPsychiatry Research Centre.Furtado C. A prospective longitudinal study into the cognitive impairmentsand neuroanatomic abnormalities associated with a major depressiveepisode and after symptomatic recovery. Doctor of Psychology, MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2012. Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.Germano C. An investigation of working memory in relation tolearning impairments in early Alzheimer’s disease. Doctor of ClinicalNeuropsychology, La Trobe University. Anticipated completion: 2008.Department of Neurology, Alfred.Gordon A. The effect of treatment with pegylated interferon alpha-2a plusribavirin on portal haemodynamics, virologic response and liver histologyin patients with chronic hepatitis C and compensated cirrhosis. Doctor ofMedicine. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofGastroenterology, Alfred.Herring S. Pervasive development disorders and development delayin young children: the impact of associated behaviour and emotionalproblems on parents and families. Doctor of Clinical Psychology. MonashUniversity. Completed: 2007. Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.90 POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS

Ireland S. Doctor of Nursing, La Trobe University. Anticipated completion:2008. Emergency Medicine, Alfred.Leet A. Myocardial fibrosis and function after heart transplantation –factors involved in myocardial collagen turnover and relationship toclinical symptoms and outcome. Doctor of Medicine, Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2014. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred /Department of Medicine, Monash.Markowicz J. Treatment response to transcranial magnetic stimulation inindividuals with treatment resistant depression: investigation of depressivesubtypes, personality correlates and early life experiences. Doctor of ClinicalPsychology, Australian Catholic University. Anticipated completion: 2008.Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.Ng WH. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family of ligands is amitogenic agent in human glioblastoma and confers resistance in a ligandspecificfashion. Doctor of Medicine, National University of Singapore.Anticipated completion: 2010. Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred.Nicholas A. Psychological factors in chronic low back pain and posttraumaticstress disorder. Doctor of Psychology, La Trobe University.Completed: 2007. Caulfield Hospital.O’Halloran C. The localisation and fractionation of executive attention andsocial cognition within the cerebellum following cerebellar infarction. Doctorof Clinical Neuropsychology, La Trobe University. Anticipated completion:2012. Department of Neurology, Alfred.Ong S. Memory and learning in mild cognitive impairment: contribution ofworking memory. Doctor of Clinical Neuropsychology, La Trobe University.Anticipated completion: 2009. Department of Neurology, Alfred / CaulfieldHospital.Plowright B. Trauma in older adults: cognitive outcome and recovery.Doctor of Clinical Neuropsychology. La Trobe University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred.Roberts K. People’s experience of return to work following upper limbamputation. Doctor of Occupational Therapy, La Trobe University.Anticipated completion: 2012. Caulfield Hospital.Roffel K. Explicit and implicit memory functioning in PTSD: an event relatedpotential investigation. Doctor of Psychology, University of Melbourne.Anticipated completion: 2008. National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred.Segrave R. EEG, alpha and depression. Doctor of ClinicalNeuropsychology, Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. AlfredPsychiatry Research Centre.Sinclair K. Fatigue and sleep disturbance following traumatic braininjury: treatment with bright light therapy. Doctor of Psychology, MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2012. Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre.Smit DeV. Doctor of Medicine, Monash University. Anticipated completion:2008. Emergency Medicine, Alfred.Smith L. Financial decision-making and younger onset dementia. Doctorof Clinical Psychology, La Trobe University. Anticipated completion: 2009.Caulfield Hospital.Snell GI. The evolution of recipient and donor selection and its impact onhuman lung transplant outcomes. Doctor of Medicine. Monash University.Completed: 2007. Department of Allergy, Immunology and RespiratoryMedicine, Alfred.MastersAmeur Z. Master of Medical Physics, RMIT University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred.Ashfield J. Master of Public Health, Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2010. Patient and Family Services, Alfred.Blum ML. Factors affecting outcomes in open fractures. Master of Surgery,Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Surgery,Monash / Department of Trauma Surgery, Alfred / National Trauma ResearchInstitute, Alfred.Bolster D. Examining the nature of the interactions between nurses andpatients during medication activities in the acute care setting. Master ofNursing, University of Melbourne. Anticipated completion: 2009. Nursing,Alfred.Bynon S. Master of Public Health, Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Occupational Therapy Service, Alfred.Cameron L. Master of Public Health, Curtin University. Completed: 2007.Caulfield Hospital.Cassar L. Cardiac stem cells: roles of telomerase. Master of BiomedicalScience. Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofImmunology, Monash.Dixon B. Master of Public Health, University of Melbourne. Anticipatedcompletion 2008. Pharmacy Department, Alfred.Dunscombe K. Master of Social Health (Health Ethics), University ofMelbourne. Anticipated completion: 2008. Research and Ethics Unit, Alfred.Farquahar M. Master of Occupational Therapy, La Trobe University.Anticipated completion: 2009. Occupational Therapy Service, Alfred.Fisher S. Facilitating uptake of evidence based medication guidelines forpatients with multiple co-morbidities in the Disease Management Unit.Master of Clinical Pharmacy, Monash University. Anticipated completion:2008. Pharmacy Department, Alfred.Gabriel M. Master of Social Work, University of Melbourne. Anticipatedcompletion: 2009. Patient and Family Services, Alfred.Garrett A. Depression and electrovestibulography. Master of EngineeringScience, Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. Alfred PsychiatryResearch Centre.Gomes K. Melatonin in traumatic brain injury. Master of Surgery. MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred/ National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred / Department of Surgery, Monash.Grech K. Master of Applied Science (Exercise Rehabilitation), VictoriaUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2008. Caulfield Hospital.Greenough P. Master of Art Therapy, University of Melbourne. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Caulfield Hospital.Hardman A. Master of Public Health, Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2010. Occupational Therapy Service, Alfred.Haynes M. Master of Medical Physics, RMIT University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred.Herbert D. The social and ethics aspects of the new genetics. Masterof Biomedical Sciences. Anticipated completion: 2010. Department ofMedicine, Monash.Hope M. Master of Arts (Theology), Melbourne College of Divinity.Anticipated completion: 2009. Patient and Family Services, Alfred.Hudson E. Master of Occupational Therapy, La Trobe University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2009. Caulfield Hospital.Jenkins N. Master of Applied Science (Medical Science). Investigation ofbone turnover in a male cohort of the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. RMITUniversity. Anticiapated completion: 2008. Pathology, Alfred.Kohn GP. Master of Surgery, Monash University (part-time). Anticipatedcompletion: 2009. Department of Surgery, Monash.Kong F. Master of Epidemiology. University of Melbourne. Completed:2007. Burnet.POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS 91

Korajkic A. Intervention to improve patient guided diuretic dose adjustmentin heart failure. Master of Clinical Pharmacy, Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Pharmacy Department, Alfred.Larizza M. Assessing the effectiveness of the first individualised foreignlanguage medication chart for non-English speaking patients. Master ofTranslation Studies, Monash University. Anticipated completion 2008.Pharmacy Department, Alfred.Leong J-Y. Pre-operative holistic therapy for cardiac surgery. Master ofSurgery, Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofSurgery, Monash / Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alfred.Levkovich B. Short duration infusion versus bolus administration of-lactamantibiotics in ICU. Master of Science (Critical Care), Cardiff University.Anticipated completion: 2009. Pharmacy Department, Alfred.Lim H-K. Leukocyte filtration for heart transplantation. Master of Surgery,Monash University (part-time). Anticipated completion: 2008. Department ofSurgery, Monash University. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alfred.Mansur S. Mechanisms of abnormal expression of the IGF2 gene indisorders affecting foetal growth. Master of Science, RMIT University.Anticipated completion: 2009. Baker IDI.Marshall K. Master of Public Health (Health Services Management Stream).Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2009. Department of Nutrition,Alfred / Caulfield Hospital.McIlroy DR. Master of Clinical Epidemiology, Monash University.Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Anaesthesia and PerioperativeMedicine, Alfred.McRae A. Does patient education and empowerment assist in compliancewith prophylaxis for venothromboembolism in hospitalised patients? Masterof Clinical Pharmacy, Monash University. Anticipated completion 2008.Pharmacy Department, Alfred.Moretti J-L. The role of the sympathetic nervous system in low doseangiotensin induced hypertension. Master of Biomedical Science, MonashUniversity. Anticipated completion: 2009. Baker IDI.Morgan T. Master of Health Science, University of Sydney. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred.Morrison S. Master of Public Health, Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2010. National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred / Intensive CareUnit, Alfred.Murphy T. Master of Clinical Psychology, University of Melbourne.Completed: 2007. National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred.Ng J. Biopsy techniques and risk of histopathologic misdiagnosis andinaccurate microstaging of cutaneous melanoma. Master of Medicine,Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Victorian MelanomaService, Alfred / Department of Medicine, Monash.Nguyen O. Master of Public Health. Monash University. Completed: 2007.Burnet.Nguyen P. Master of Business Administration / Master of Applied Finance,Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2010. National Trauma ResearchInstitute, Alfred.Oredsson M. Master of Advanced Nursing Practice, University of Newcastle.Completed: 2007. Emergency and Trauma Centre, Alfred.Paul S. Master of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney. Completed:2007. William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred.Roberts H. Changing epidemiology of melanoma in Victoria, Australia overa twenty year period. Master of Medicine, Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2009. Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred / Department ofMedicine, Monash.Ruben J. Master of Medicine, University of Cape Town. Completed: 2007.William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred.Salway J. Master of Public Health. Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2010. Occupational Therapy Service, Alfred.Sanderson C. Master of Health Science, University of Sydney. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred.Sharwood L. Master of Public Health, Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred.Smith C. Master of Social Work, University of Melbourne. Anticipatedcompletion: 2009. Patient and Family Services, Alfred.Tong E. Impact of a clinical pharmacist attending weekend ProfessorialGeneral Medical ward rounds at a tertiary teaching hospital. Master ofClinical Pharmacy, Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008.Pharmacy Department, Alfred.Tran Y. Master of Health Science, University of Sydney. Completed: 2007.William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred.Wallace S. Master of Public Health, Monash University. Completed: 2007.Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred.Ward M. Master of Public Health, Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2010. Department of Nutrition, Alfred.Watson PR. Fluid resection on the combat mission: epigenetic therapiesin a swine model of the hemorrhagic shock. Master of Surgery, MonashUniversity (part-time). Anticipated completion: 2008. Department of Surgery,Monash.Weber Z. Master of Public Health, Monash University. Completed: 2007.Occupational Therapy, Alfred.Wijeratne P. Factors affecting patella cartilage and patellofemoralosteoarthritis. Master of Philosophy, Monash University. Anticipatedcompletion: 2008. Department of Rheumatology, Alfred.Wong HC. FoxO proteins and cardiomyocyte death. Master of BiomedicalScience, Monash University. Anticipated completion: 2008. Baker IDI.92 POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS

PublicationsJournal ArticlesAbrams DJ, Earley MJ, Sporton SC, Kistler PM, Gatzoulis MA, MullenMJ, Till JA, Cullen S, Walker F, Lowe MD, Deanfield JE, SchillingRJ. Comparison of noncontact and electroanatomic mapping toidentify scar and arrhythmia late after the Fontan procedure. Circulation2007;115(13):1738-46.Abramson M, Glasgow N, McDonald C. Managing chronic obstructivepulmonary disease. Aust Prescr 2007;30(3):64-7.Absetz P, Valve R, Oldenburg B, Heinonen H, Nissinen A, Fogelholm M,Ilvesmäki V, Talja M, Uutela A. Type 2 diabetes prevention in the “realworld”: one-year results of the GOAL Implementation Trial. Diabetes Care2007;30(10):2465-70.Ackland HM, Cooper DJ, Malham GM, Kossmann T. Factors predictingcervical collar-related decubitus ulceration in major trauma patients. Spine2007;32(4):423-8.Adamides AA, Goldschlager T, Tulloch SJ, McMahon JH.Pneumocephalus from gas-forming Escherichia coli subdural empyema. BrJ Neurosurg 2007;21(3):299-300.Addamo PK, Farrow M, Hoy KE, Bradshaw JL, Georgiou-Karistianis N.The effects of age and attention on motor overflow production--a review.Brain Res Rev 2007;54(1):189-204.AES Guidelines 06/01 Group. Australian Endocrine Surgeons GuidelinesAES06/01. Postoperative parathyroid hormone measurement and earlydischarge after total thyroidectomy: analysis of Australian data andmanagement recommendations. ANZ J Surg 2007;77(4):199-202.Ahimastos AA, Aggarwal A, D’Orsa K, Formosa M, White AJ, SavarirayanR, Dart A, Kingwell B. Effect of perindopril on large artery stiffness andaortic root diameter in patients with Marfan syndrome: a randomizedcontrolled trial. JAMA 2007;298(13):1539-47.Ahmar W, Morley P, Marasco S, Chan W, Aggarwal A. Sternal fracture andosteomyelitis: an unusual complication of a precordial thump. Resuscitation2007;75(3):540-2.Ahrens I, Peter K, Bode C. Factor Xa-inhibition in interventional cardiology.Hamostaseologie 2007;27(5):328-32.Ahrens I, Schwarz M, Peter K, Bode C. Therapeutic inhibitors of plateletaggregation – from aspirin to integrin blockers. Transfus Med Hemother2007;34(1):44-54.Ahrens I, Smith BK, Bode C, Peter K. Direct thrombin inhibition withbivalirudin as an antithrombotic strategy in general and interventionalcardiology. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2007;3(4):609-620.Ajani AE, Yan BP, Clark DJ, Eccleston D, Walton A, Lew R, Meehan A,Brennan A, Reid C, Duffy SJ; on behalf of the Melbourne InterventionalGroup (MIG) Investigators. Contemporary treatment of in-stent restenosisand the incidence of recurrent in-stent restenosis in the era of drug-elutingstents. Heart Lung Circ 2007;16(4):269-73.Ajdukovic A, Crook M, Angley C, Stupans I, Soulsby N, Doecke C,Anderson B, Angley M. Pharmacist elicited medication histories in theEmergency Department: identifying patient groups at risk of medicationmisadventure. Pharm Pract 2007;5(4):162-8.Alberti KG, Bailey CJ, Blonde L, Felton AM, Zimmet P; GlobalPartnership for Effective Diabetes Management. Partnering withgovernments and other institutions: driving change in diabetes care. Int JClin Pract 2007;Suppl 157:38-46.Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. International Diabetes Federation:a consensus on Type 2 diabetes prevention. Diabet Med2007;24(5):451-63.Alderuccio F, Chan J, Toh BH. Haematopoietic stem cell based genetherapy as a strategy to treat autoimmune disease. Adv Gene Mol Cell Ther2007;1(2):141-9.Alvarez VP, Dixon JB, Strauss BJ, Laurie CP, Chaston TB, O’Brien PE.Single frequency bioelectrical impedance is a poor method for determiningfat mass in moderately obese women. Obes Surg 2007;17(2):211-21.Andrews RK, Du X, Berndt MC. The 14-3-3ζ-GPIb-IX-V complex as anantiplatelet target. Drug News Perspect 2007;20(5):285-92.Andrews RK, Karunakaran D, Gardiner EE, Berndt MC. Platelet receptorproteolysis: a mechanism for downregulating platelet reactivity. ArteriosclerThromb Vasc Biol 2007;27(7):1511-20.Anstey KJ, Butterworth P, Windsor TD, Burns R, Sargent-Cox K, vonSanden C, Christensen H, Booth H, Simons LA, Byles JE, Gibson R,Luszcz MA, Shaw JE, Broe GA, Browning C, Mitchell P, Cumming RG,Kendig H. The value of comparing health outcomes in cohort studies: anexample of self-rated health in seven studies including 79653 participants.Australas J Ageing 2007;26(4):194-200.Apostolopoulos V. Methods of delivery to antigen-presenting cells:development of new and improved vaccines. Mol Pharmacol 2007;4(1):1-3.Arcaro A, Doepfner KT, Boller D, Guerreiro AS, Shalaby T, Jackson SP,Schoenwaelder SM, Delattre O, Grotzer MA, Fischer B. Novel role forinsulin as an autocrine growth factor for malignant brain tumour cells.Biochem J 2007;406(1):57-66.Arevshatian L, Clements CJ, Lwanga SK, Misore AO, Ndumbe P,Seward JF, Taylor P. An evaluation of infant immunisation in Africa: is atransformation in progress? Bull World Health Organ 2007;85(6):421-500.ARISE; ANZICS APD Management Committee. The outcome of patientswith sepsis and septic shock presenting to emergency departments inAustralia and New Zealand. Crit Care Resusc 2007;9(1):8-18.Arthur JF, Dunkley S, Andrews RK. Platelet glycoprotein VI-related clinicaldefects. Br J Haematol 2007;139(3):363-72.Arthur JF, Shen Y, Kahn ML, Berndt MC, Andrews RK, GardinerEE. Ligand binding rapidly induces disulfide-dependent dimerizationof glycoprotein VI on the platelet plasma membrane. J Biol Chem2007;282(42):30434-41.Ashour A, Cameron P, Bernard S, Fitzgerald M, Smith K, Walker T. Couldbystander first-aid prevent trauma deaths at the scene of injury? Emerg MedAustralas 2007;19(2):163-8.Ayton DR, Guy RJ, Woolley IJ, Hellard ME. Cambodian-born individualsdiagnosed with HIV in Victoria: epidemiological findings and health serviceimplications. Sex Health 2007;4(3):209.Bach LA. Specialist societies can assist. Med J Aust 2007;186(9):483.Bagshaw SM, Delaney A, Jones D, Ronco C, Bellomo R. Diuretics in themanagement of acute kidney injury: a multinational survey. Contrib Nephrol2007;156:236-49.Baker AR, Rutherford DM, Myles PS. Accuracy of dilution of morphine forintrathecal use. Anaesth Intensive Care 2007;35(3):378-81.Baker ML, Allen P, Shortt J, Lewin SR, Spencer A. Immune recoveryuveitis in an HIV-negative individual. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol2007;35(2):189-90.Ballan A, Lee G. A comparative study of patient perceived quality oflife pre and post coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Aust J Adv Nurs2007;24(4):24-8.Baranyay FJ, Wang Y, Wluka AE, English DR, Giles GG, Sullivan RO,Cicuttini FM. Association of bone marrow lesions with knee structuresand risk factors for bone marrow lesions in the knees of clinically healthy,community-based adults. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2007;37(2):112-8.Barker PJ, Urquhart DM, Story IH, Fahrer M, Briggs CA. Themiddle layer of lumbar fascia and attachments to lumbar transverseprocesses: implications for segmental control and fracture. Eur Spine J2007;16(12):2232-7.PUBLICATIONS 93

Chin-Dusting JPF, Willems L, Kaye DM. l-arginine transporters incardiovascular disease: a novel therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther2007;116(3):428-36.Chitravas N, Dewey HM, Nicol MB, Harding DL, Pearce DC, Thrift AG. Isprestroke use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors associated withbetter outcome? Neurology 2007;68(20):1687-93.Ch’ng CW, Fitzgerald M, Gerostamoulos J, Cameron P, Bui D, DrummerOH, Potter J, Odell M. Drug use in motor vehicle drivers presentingto an Australian, adult major trauma centre. Emerg Med Australas2007;19(40):359-65.Choi LT, Tu JY, Li HF, Thien F. Flow and particle deposition patternsin a realistic human double bifurcation airway model. Inhal Toxicol2007;19(2):117-31.Chung MC, Wines BD, Baker H, Langley RJ, Baker EN, Fraser JD. Thecrystal structure of staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 11 in complexwith sialyl Lewis X reveals the mechanism for cell binding and immuneinhibition. Mol Microbiol 2007;66(6):1342-55.Churchill MJ, Chiavaroli L, Wesselingh SL, Gorry PR. Persistence ofattenuated HIV-1 rev alleles in an epidemiologically linked cohort of longtermsurvivors infected with nef-deleted virus. Retrovirology 2007;4:43.Clark RA, Driscoll A, Nottage J, McLennan S, Coombe DM, BamfordEJ, Wilkinson D, Stewart S. Inequitable provision of optimal services forpatients with chronic heart failure: a national geo-mapping study. Med JAust 2007;186(4):169-73.Clark RA, Eckert KA, Stewart S, Phillips SM, Yallop JJ, Tonkin AM,Krum H. Rural and urban differentials in primary care managementof chronic heart failure: new data from the CASE study. Med J Aust2007;186(9):441-5.Clark RA, Inglis SC, McAlister FA, Cleland JG, Stewart S.Telemonitoring or structured telephone support programmes for patientswith chronic heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ2007;334(7600):942-50.Clark RA, Yallop JJ, Piterman L, Croucher J, Tonkin A, Stewart S,Krum H; on behalf of the CHAT Study Team. Adherence, adaptation andacceptance of elderly chronic heart failure patients to receiving healthcarevia telephone-monitoring. Eur J Heart Fail 2007;9(11):1104-11.Clements CJ. Gardasil and mass psychogenic illness. Aust N Z J PublicHealth 2007;31(4):387.Clements CJ, Streefland PH, Malau C. Supervision in primary health care– can it be carried out effectively in developing countries? Curr Drug Safety2007;2(1):19-23.Clotet B, Bellos N, Molina JM, Cooper D, Goffard JC, Lazzarin A,Wöhrmann A, Katlama C, Wilkin T, Haubrich R, Cohen C, Farthing C,Jayaweera D, Markowitz M, Ruane P, Spinosa-Guzman S, Lefebvre E;POWER 1 and 2 study groups. Efficacy and safety of darunavir-ritonavir atweek 48 in treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1 infection in POWER1 and 2: a pooled subgroup analysis of data from two randomised trials.Lancet 2007;369(9568):1169-78.Coffey VG, Reeder DW, Lancaster GI, Yeo WK, Febbraio MA, YaspelkisBB 3rd, Hawley JA. Effect of high-frequency resistance exercise on adaptiveresponses in skeletal muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007;39(12):2135-44.Cohen N. Insulin pump therapy. Med Today 2007;8(11):68-70.Cohen N, Minshall ME, Sharon-Nash L, Zakrzewska K, Valentine WJ,Palmer AJ. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple dailyinjections of insulin: economic comparison in adult and adolescent Type 1diabetes mellitus in Australia. Pharmacoeconomics 2007;25(10):881-97.Cohen N, Shaw J. Cost effectiveness of insulin pump therapy. InfusystemsInt 2007;2(4):25-8.Cohen ND, Shaw JE. Diabetes: advances in treatment. Intern Med J2007;37(6):383-8.Cole N. Depression awareness: community-based approach. AustPsychologist 2007;42(2):161-6.Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE. Night eating syndrome and nocturnalsnacking: association with obesity, binge eating and psychologicaldistress. Int J Obes 2007;31(11):1722-30.Connelly KA, Kelly DJ, Zhang Y, Prior DL, Martin J, Cox AJ, Thai K,Feneley MP, Tsoporis J, White KE, Krum H, Gilbert RE. Functional,structural and molecular aspects of diastolic heart failure in the diabetic(mRen-2)27 rat. Cardiovasc Res 2007;76(2):280-91.Considine J, Botti M, Thomas S. Do knowledge and experiencehave specific roles in triage decision-making? Acad Emerg Med2007;14(8):722-6.Considine J, Botti M, Thomas S. The effect of education on hypotheticaland actual oxygen administration decisions. Nurse Educ Today2007;27(6):651-60.Cook BP, Chamberlain AJ. Perspectives on dermoscopy: a progressiveand painless pink pimple [amelanotic nodular melanoma]. Med Today2007;8(9):77-8.Cooley L, Spelman D, Thursky K, Slavin M. Infection withScedosporium apiospermum and S. prolificans, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis2007;13(8):1170-7.Cooper D, Cahn P, Lewin S, Kaldor J, McClure C, Kort R, BoydM. The Sydney Declaration: a call to scale up research. Lancet2007;370(9581):7-8.Coughlan MT, Cooper ME, Forbes JM. Renal microvascularinjury in diabetes: RAGE and redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal2007;9(3):331-42.Coughlan MT, Cooper ME, Thomas MC. Can you reduce your AGEs?Strategies to prevent AGE accumulation in diabetes. Drug Discovery Today:Therapeutic Strategies 2007;4(1):85-92.Coughlan MT, Forbes JM, Cooper ME. Role of the AGE crosslinkbreaker, alagebrium, as a renoprotective agent in diabetes. Kidney Int2007;72(106):S54-60.Coughlan MT, Thallas-Bonke V, Pete J, Long DM, Gasser A, Tong DC,Arnstein M, Thorpe SR, Cooper ME, Forbes JM. Combination therapywith the advanced glycation end product cross-link breaker, alagebrium,and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in diabetes: synergy orredundancy? Endocrinology 2007;148(2):886-95.Cousens NE, Goeman DP, Douglass JA, Jenkins CR. The needs of olderpeople with asthma. Aust Fam Physician 2007;36(9):729-31.Cox HS, Kalon S, Allamuratova S, Sizaire V, Tigay ZN, Rüsch-GerdesS, Karimovich HA, Kebede Y, Mills C. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosistreatment outcomes in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan: treatment complexityand XDR-TB among treatment failures. PLoS ONE 2007;2(11):e1126.Cox HS, Niemann S, Ismailov G, Doshetov D, Orozco JD, Blok L, Rüsch-Gerdes S, Kebede Y. Risk of acquired drug resistance during short-coursedirectly observed treatment of tuberculosis in an area with high levels ofdrug resistance. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44(11):1421-7.Creati M, Saleh A, Ruff TA, Stewart T, Otto B, Sutanto A, Clements CJ.Implementing the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine in rural Indonesia.Vaccine 2007;25(32):5985-93.Crozier TM, Pilcher DV, Bailey MJ, George C, Hart GK. Long-stay patientsin Australian and New Zealand intensive care units: demographics andoutcomes. Crit Care Resusc 2007;9(4):333.Crummy F, Buchan C, Miller B, Toghill J, Naughton MT. The use ofnoninvasive mechanical ventilation in COPD with severe hypercapnicacidosis. Respir Med 2007;101(1):53-61.Crummy F, Naughton MT. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilationfor acute respiratory failure: justified or just hot air? Intern Med J2007;37(2):112-8.Cui J. QIC program and model selection in GEE analyses. Stata J2007;7(2):209-20.Cui J. Stata tip 42. The overlay problem: offset for clarity. Stata J2007;7(1):141-2.Cui J, Qian G. Selection of working correlation structure and bestmodel in GEE analyses of longitudinal data. Commun Stat-Simul Comput2007;36(5):987-96.Curran JE, Johnson MP, Dyer TD, Goring HH, Kent JW, Charlesworth JC,Borg AJ, Jowett JB, Cole SA, MacCluer JW, Kissebah AH, Moses EK,Blangero J. Genetic determinants of mitochondrial content. Hum Mol Genet2007;16(12):1504-14.Currey J. Nurses leading the way. Transplant Nurses J 2007;16(1):3-4.Currey J. Review of nurses’ clinical decision-making. Worldviews EvidenceBased Nurs 2007;4(4):226.Curtis AJ, Wolfe R, Russell CO, Costello AJ, Travis DG, Snow R,McNeil JJ. Prioritizing patients for prostatectomy: balancing clinical andpsychosocial factors. ANZ J Surg 2007;77(3):112-7.Daly DJ, Myles PS, Smith JA, Knight JL, Clavisi O, Bain DL, Glew R,Gibbs NM, Merry AE; ANZCA Trials Group. Anticoagulation, bleedingand blood transfusion practices in Australasian cardiac surgical practice.Anaesth Intensive Care 2007;35(5):760-8.Daniel PB, Lux W, Samson AL, Schleuning WD, Niego B, Weiss TW,Tjärnlund-Wolf A, Medcalf RL. Two conserved regions within the tissuetypeplasminogen activator gene promoter mediate regulation by brainderivedneurotrophic factor. FEBS J 2007;274(9):2411-23.DaRe JT, Mehlotra RK, Michon P, Mueller I, Reeder J, Sharma YD,Stoneking M, Zimmerman PA. Microsatellite polymorphism within pfcrtprovides evidence of continuing evolution of chloroquine-resistant alleles inPapua New Guinea. Malar J 2007;6:34.96 PUBLICATIONS

Dart AM, Cameron JD, Gatzka CD, Willson K, Liang Y-L, Berry KL, WingLMH, Reid CM, Ryan P, Beilin LJ, Jennings GLR, Johnston CI, McNeilJJ, MacDonald GJ, Morgan TO, West MJ, Kingwell BA. Similar effectsof treatment on central and brachial blood pressures in older hypertensivesubjects in the Second Australian National Blood Pressure Trial.Hypertension 2007;49(6):1242-7.Dart AM, Otterstad JE, Kirwan BA, Parker JD, de Brouwer S, Poole-Wilson PA, Lubsen J, on behalf of the ACTION investigators. Predictivevalue of local and core laboratory echocardiographic assessment of cardiacfunction in patients with chronic stable angina: the ACTION study. Eur JEchocardiogr 2007;8(4):275-83.Daruwalla J, Greish K, Nikfarjam M, Millar I, Malcontenti-Wilson C, IyerAK, Christophi C. Evaluation of the effect of SMA-pirarubicin micelles oncolorectal cancer liver metastases and of hyperbaric oxygen in CBA mice. JDrug Target 2007;15(7-8):487-95.Daskalakis ZJ, Fitzgerald PB, Christensen BK. The role of corticalinhibition in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia. Brain ResRev 2007;56(2):427-42.Davern PJ, Head GA. Fos-related antigen immunoreactivity after acute andchronic angiotensin II-induced hypertension in the rabbit brain. Hypertension2007;9(5):1170-7.Davies AR. Practicalities of nutrition support in the intensive care unit. CurrOpin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2007;10(3):284-90.Dawood T, Anderson J, Barton D, Lambert E, Esler M, Hotchkin E,Haikerwal D, Kaye, D, Lambert G. Reduced overflow of BDNF fromthe brain is linked with suicide risk in depressive illness. Mol Psychiatr2007;12(11):981-3.Dawood T, Lambert EA, Barton DA, Laude D, Elghozi J-L, Esler MD,Haikerwal H, Kaye DM, Hotchkin EJ, Lambert GW. Specific serotoninreuptake inhibition in major depressive disorder adversely affects novelmarkers of cardiac risk. Hypertens Res 2007;30(4):285-93.Dawson AP, McLennan SN, Schiller SD, Jull GA, Hodges PW, Stewart S.Interventions to prevent back pain and back injury in nurses: a systematicreview. Occup Environ Med 2007;64(10):642-50.Dawson MA, Avery S, McQuilten ZK, Bailey MJ, Shortt J, Polizzotto MN,Wood EM, Cole-Sinclair MF. Blood transfusion requirements for patientsundergoing chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia how much isenough? Haematologica 2007;92(7):996-7.Dawson MA, Patil S, Spencer A. Extramedullary relapse of multiplemyeloma associated with a shift in secretion from intact immunoglobulin tolight chains. Haematologica 2007;92(1):143-4.Dawson MA, Schwarer AP, McLean C, Oei P, Campbell LJ, Wright E,Shortt J, Street AM. AIDS-related plasmablastic lymphoma of the oralcavity associated with an IGH/MYC translocation--treatment with autologousstem-cell transplantation in a patient with severe haemophilia-A.Haematologica 2007;92(1):e11-2.Dawson MA, Whitehead S. Mature neutrophils with multiple Auer rods:a rarity in normal karyotype acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol2007;137(2):86.Day L, Langley J, Stathakis V, Wolfe R, Sim M, Voaklander D, Ozanne-Smith J. Challenges of recruiting farm injury study participants throughhospital emergency departments. Inj Prev 2007;13(2):88-92.de Dios ST, Frontanilla KV, Nigro J, Ballinger ML, Ivey ME, CawsonEA, Little PJ. Regulation of the atherogenic properties of vascular smoothmuscle proteoglycans by oral anti-hyperglycemic agents. J DiabetesComplicat 2007;21(2):108-17.de Jersey J, Snelgrove SL, Palmer SE, Teteris SA, Mullbacher A, MillerJF, Slattery RM. β cells cannot directly prime diabetogenic CD8 T cells innonobese diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104(4):1295-300.de Leon MP, Drew AC, Glaspole IN, Suphioglu C, O’Hehir RE, RollandJM. IgE cross-reactivity between the major peanut allergen Ara h 2 and treenut allergens. Mol Immunol 2007;44(4):463-71.de Leon MP, Rolland JM, O’Hehir RE. The peanut allergy epidemic:allergen molecular characterisation and prospects for specific therapy.Expert Rev Mol Med 2007;9(1):1-18.Dearnaley DP, Sydes MR, Graham JD, Aird EG, Bottomley D, CowanRA, Huddart RA, Jose CC, Matthews JH, Millar J, Moore AR, MorganRC, Russell JM, Scrase CD, Stephens RJ, Syndikus I, Parmar MK;RT01 collaborators. Escalated-dose versus standard-dose conformalradiotherapy in prostate cancer: first results from the MRC RT01 randomisedcontrolled trial. Lancet Oncol 2007;8(6):475-87.Del Prato S, Felton AM, Munro N, Nesto R, Zimmet P, Zinman B; GlobalPartnership for Effective Diabetes Management. Improving glucosemanagement: ten steps to get more patients with Type 2 diabetes toglycaemic goal. Recommendations from the Global Partnership for EffectiveDiabetes Management. Int J Clin Pract 2007;Suppl 157:47-57.Desai M, Cull CA, Horton VA, Christie MR, Bonifacio E, Lampasona V,Bingley PJ, Levy JC, Mackay IR, Zimmet P, Holman RR, Clark A. GADautoantibodies and epitope reactivities persist after diagnosis in latentautoimmune diabetes in adults but do not predict disease progression:UKPDS 77. Diabetologia 2007;50(10):2052-60.Desmond CP, Wilson J, Bailey M, Clark D, Roberts SK. The benigncourse of liver disease in adults with cystic fibrosis and the effect ofursodeoxycholic acid. Liver Int 2007;27(10):1402-8.Devaney ML, Reid G, Baldwin S. Prevalence of illicit drug use in Asia andthe Pacific. Drug Alcohol Rev 2007;26(1):97-102.Di Quinzio MK, Oliva K, Holdsworth SJ, Ayhan M, Walker SP, Rice GE,Georgiou HM, Permezel M. Proteomic analysis and characterisationof human cervico-vaginal fluid proteins. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol2007;47(1):9-15.Diego VP, Rainwater DL, Wang XL, Cole SA, Curran JE, Johnson MP,Jowett JB, Dyer TD, Williams JT, Moses EK, Comuzzie AG, MaccluerJW, Mahaney MC, Blangero J. Genotype x adiposity interaction linkageanalyses reveal a locus on chromosome 1 for lipoprotein-associatedphospholipase A2, a marker of inflammation and oxidative stress. Am JHum Genet 2007;80(1):168-77.Dimopoulos M, Spencer A, Attal M, Prince HM, Harousseau JL,Dmoszynska A, San Miguel J, Hellmann A, Facon T, Foà R, CorsoA, Masliak Z, Olesnyckyj M, Yu Z, Patin J, Zeldis JB, Knight RD;Multiple Myeloma (010) Study Investigators. Lenalidomide plusdexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med2007;357(21):2123-32.Ding C, Cicuttini F, Blizzard L, Jones G. Smoking interacts with familyhistory with regard to change in knee cartilage volume and cartilage defectdevelopment. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56(5):1521-8.Ding C, Cicuttini F, Blizzard L, Scott F, Jones G. A longitudinal study of theeffect of sex and age on rate of change in knee cartilage volume in adults.Rheumatology 2007;46(2):273-9.Ding C, Cicuttini F, Jones G. Tibial subchondral bone size and kneecartilage defects: relevance to knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage2007;15(5):479-86.Ding C, Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP, Abram F, Raynauld JP,Cicuttini F, Jones G. Meniscal tear as an osteoarthritis risk factor in alargely non-osteoarthritic cohort: a cross-sectional study. J Rheumatol2007;34(4):776-84.Ding C, Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP, Abram F, Raynauld JP, CicuttiniF, Jones G. Knee meniscal extrusion in a largely non-osteoarthriticcohort: association with greater loss of cartilage volume. Arthritis Res Ther2007;9(2):R21.Dinh TT, Wang YY, Rosenfeld JV, Cherny M. Glioblastoma of the opticchiasm. J Clin Neurosci 2007;14(5):502-5.Diug B, Lowthian J, Evans S. Warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention(BAFTA). Lancet 2007;370(9599):1606.Dixon JB. Surgical treatment for obesity and its impact on non-alcoholicsteatohepatitis. Clin Liver Dis 2007;11(1):141-54.Dixon JB, Dixon ME, Anderson ML, Schachter L, O’Brien PE. Daytimesleepiness in the obese: not as simple as obstructive sleep apnea. Obesity2007;15(10):2504-11.Dixon JB, Strauss BJ, Laurie C, O’Brien PE. Changes in bodycomposition with weight loss: obese subjects randomized to surgical andmedical programs. Obesity 2007;15(5):1187-98.Dixon JB, Strauss BJ, Laurie C, O’Brien PE. Smaller hip circumferenceis associated with dyslipidemia and the metabolic syndrome in obesewomen. Obes Surg 2007;17(6):770-7.Downie LE, Pianta MJ, Vingrys AJ, Wilkinson-Berka JL, Fletcher EL.Neuronal and glial cell changes are determined by retinal vascularization inretinopathy of prematurity. J Comp Neurol 2007;504(4):404-17.Downie SR, Salome CM, Verbanck S, Thompson B, Berend N,King GG. Ventilation heterogeneity is a major determinant of airwayhyperresponsiveness in asthma, independent of airway inflammation.Thorax 2007;62(8):684-9.Drake AK, Loy CT, Brew BJ, Chen TC, Petoumenos K, Li PC, WrightEJ. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated progressive multifocalleucoencephalopathy: epidemiology and predictive factors for prolongedsurvival. Eur J Neurol 2007;14(4):418-23.Draper K, Ponsford J, Schönberger M. Psychosocial and emotionaloutcomes 10 years following traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil2007;22(5):278-87.Drew BG, Calkin AC. Drug evaluation: K-111, an insulin-sensitizingperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist. Curr Opin InvestigDrugs 2007;8(4):324-30.PUBLICATIONS 97

Drillich A, Davis SR. Androgen therapy in women: what we think we know.Exp Gerontol 2007;42(6):457-62.Drüeke TB; CREATE Steering Committee. Target haemoglobinconcentrations in chronic kidney disease. Lancet 2007;369(9572):1516.Drummer HE, Boo I, Poumbourios P. Mutagenesis of a conserved fusionpeptide-like motif and membrane-proximal heptad-repeat region of hepatitisC virus glycoprotein E1. J Gen Virol 2007;88(Pt 4):1144-8.Du XJ. Divergence of hypertrophic growth and fetal gene profile: theinfluence of beta-blockers. Br J Pharmacol 2007;152(2):169-71.Du XJ. Re-modelling ‘hostile’ milieu of diseased myocardium viaparacrine function of transplanted cells or relaxin. J Cell Mol Med2007;11(5):1101-4.Du XJ, Zhou J. Role of relaxin in heart disease and therapeutic potential. JXian Jiaotong University (Med Sci) 2007;28:117-26.Dunkley JE, Foulds M, Fitzgerald P, Bates GW. Understanding adaptationto first-episode psychosis: the relevance of trauma and posttraumaticgrowth. Australas J Disaster Trauma Studies 2007;1.Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Healy GN, Shaw JE, Jolley D, Zimmet PZ, OwenN; AusDiab Steering Committee. Association of television viewing withfasting and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose levels in adults withoutdiagnosed diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30(3):516-22.Dwyer J, Li H, Xu D, Liu JP. Transcriptional regulation of telomeraseactivity: roles of the the Ets transcription factor family. Ann N Y Acad Sci2007;1114:36-47.Dwyer T, Hosmer D, Hosmer T, Venn AJ, Blizzard CL, Granger RH,Cochrane JA, Blair SN, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, Dunstan D. The inverserelationship between number of steps per day and obesity in a populationbasedsample: the AusDiab study. Int J Obes 2007;31(5):797-804.Dyer WB, Pett SL, Sullivan JS, Emery S, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD,Lloyd A, Lewin SR. Substantial improvements in performance indicatorsachieved in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell cryopreservation qualityassurance program using single donor samples. Clin Vaccine Immunol2007;14(1):52-9.Eichenauer DA, Simhadri VL, von Strandmann EP, Ludwig A, MatthewsV, Reiners KS, von Tresckow B, Saftig P, Rose-John S, Engert A, HansenHP. ADAM10 inhibition of human CD30 shedding increases specificity oftargeted immunotherapy in vitro. Cancer Res 2007;67(1):332-8.Eijkelkamp WB, Zhang Z, Brenner BM, Cooper ME, Devereux RB, DahlofB, Ibsen H, Keane WF, Lindholm LH, Olsen MH, Parving HH, Remuzzi G,Shahinfar S, Snapinn SM, Wachtell K, de Zeeuw D. Renal function andrisk for cardiovascular events in Type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension:the RENAAL and LIFE studies. J Hypertens 2007;25(4):871-6.Eijkelkamp WB, Zhang Z, Remuzzi G, Parving HH, Cooper ME, KeaneWF, Shahinfar S, Gleim GW, Weir MR, Brenner BM, de Zeeuw D.Albuminuria is a target for renoprotective therapy independent from bloodpressure in patients with Type 2 diabetic nephropathy: post hoc analysisfrom the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II AntagonistLosartan (RENAAL) trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;18(5):1540-6.Eikelis N, Wiesner G, Lambert G, Esler M. Brain leptin resistance inhuman obesity revisited. Regul Pept 2007;139(1-3):45-51.Eisenhardt SU, Schwarz M, Bassler N, Peter K. Subtractive single-chainantibody (scFv) phage-display: tailoring phage-display for high specificityagainst function-specific conformations of cell membrane molecules. NatProtoc 2007;2(12):3063-73.Eisenhardt SU, Schwarz M, Schallner N, Soosairajah J, Bassler N,Huang D, Bode C, Peter K. Generation of activation-specific human antiαMβ 2single-chain antibodies as potential diagnostic tools and therapeuticagents. Blood 2007;109(8):3521-8.Ellery PJ, Tippett E, Chiu YL, Paukovics G, Cameron PU, SolomonA, Lewin SR, Gorry PR, Jaworowski A, Greene WC, Sonza S, CroweSM. The CD16+ monocyte subset is more permissive to infection andpreferentially harbors HIV-1 in vivo. J Immunol 2007;178(10):6581-9.Elliott JH, Gruen RL. Use of evidence in WHO recommendations. Lancet2007;370(9590):826.Elliott P, Walker LL, Little MP, Blair-West JR, Shade RE, Lee DR,Rouquet P, Leroy E, Jeunemaitre X, Ardaillou R, Paillard F, Meneton P,Denton DA. Change in salt intake affects blood pressure of chimpanzees:implications for human populations. Circulation 2007;116(14):1563-8.Elsik M, Krum H. Should beta blockers remain first-line drugs forhypertension? Aust Prescr 2007;30(1):5-7.Emery S, Kelleher AD, Workman C, Puls RL, Bloch M, Baker D, AndersonJ, Hoy J, Ip S, Nalliah K, Ward LD, Law MG, Cooper DA. Influence of IFN?Co-expression on the safety and antiviral efficacy of recombinant fowlpoxvirus HIV therapeutic vaccines following interruption of antiretroviral therapy.Human Vaccines 2007;3(6):260-7.Endacott R, Botti M. Clinical research 3: sample selection. Accid EmergNurs 2007;15(4):234-8.Erbas B, Chang JH, Dharmage S, Ong EK, Hyndman R, Newbigin E,Abramson M. Do levels of airborne grass pollen influence asthma hospitaladmissions? Clin Exp Allergy 2007;37(11):1641-7.Esler M, Lambert E. Hypertension, SNS overactivity and the brain:interactions with peripheral organs – psychological influences and stressand target organ damage. Dialog Cardiovasc Med 2007;12:183-91.Esler M, Lambert E, Alvarenga M, Socratous F, Richards R, Barton D,Pier C, Brenchley C, Dawood T, Hastings J, Guo L, Haikerwal D, KayeD, Jennings G, Kalff V, Kelly M, Wiesner G, Lambert G. Increasedbrain serotonin turnover in panic disorder patients in the absence of apanic attack: reduction by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Stress2007;10(3):295-304.Esler M, Schwarz R. Management of hypertension complicated bypsychiatric comorbidity. J Clin Hypertens 2007;9(9):708-13.Esmore D, Spratt P, Larbalestier R, Tsui S, Fiane A, Ruygrok P, MeyersD, Woodard J. VentrAssist left ventricular assist device: clinical trialresults and clinical development plan update. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg2007;32(5):735-44.Etto TL, Stewart LA, Muirhead J, Bailey M, Schwarer AP. Kappaimmunoglobulin light chain polymorphisms and survival after allogeneictransplantation for B-cell malignancies: a potential graft-vs-leukaemiatarget. Tissue Antigens 2007;69(1):56-61.Etto TL, Stewart LA, Nguyen TH, Williamson NA, Purcell AW, SchwarerAP. Expression and purification of the minor histocompatibility antigen, HA-1H generated in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2007;54(1):176-82.Evans RG, Burke SL, Lambert GW, Head GA. Renal responses to acutereflex activation of renal sympathetic nerve activity and renal denervationin secondary hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol2007;293(3):R1247-56.Fang L, Gao XM, Moore XL, Kiriazis H, Su Y, Ming Z, Lim YL, DartAM, Du XJ. Differences in inflammation, MMP activation and collagendamage account for gender difference in murine cardiac rupture followingmyocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007;43(5):535-44.Fang L, Moore XL, Gao XM, Dart AM, Lim YL, Du XJ. Down-regulation ofmitofusin-2 expression in cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci2007;80(23):2154-60.Farrow N, Murray A, Fitzgerald M, Lee G. Using software to manage errorin trauma resuscitation—does it work? Aust Emerg Nurs J 2007;10(4):199.Febbraio MA. Exercise and inflammation. J Appl Physiol2007;103(1):376-7.Febbraio MA. gp130 receptor ligands as potential therapeutic targets forobesity. J Clin Invest 2007;117(4):841-9.Ferguson GJ, Milne L, Kulkarni S, Sasaki T, Walker S, Andrews S,Crabbe T, Finan P, Jones G, Jackson S, Camps M, Rommel C, WymannM, Hirsch E, Hawkins P, Stephens L. PI(3)Kγ has an important contextdependentrole in neutrophil chemokinesis. Nat Cell Biol 2007;9(1):86-91.Ferrie S, Ward M. Back to basics: estimating energy requirements for adulthospital patients. Nutr Diet 2007;64:192-9.Ferris NJ, Kavnoudias H, Thiel C, Stuckey S. The 2005 Australian MRIsafety survey. Am J Roentgenol 2007;188(5):1388-94.Fitzgerald PB, Fountain S, Hoy K, Maller J, Enticott P, Laycock R, UptonD, Daskalakis ZJ. A comparative study of the effects of repetitive pairedtranscranial magnetic stimulation on motor cortical excitability. J NeurosciMethods 2007;165(2):265-9.Fitzgerald PB, Montgomery W, de Castella AR, Filia KM, Filia SL,Christova L, Jackson D, Kulkarni J. Australian Schizophrenia Care andAssessment Programme: real-world schizophrenia: economics. Aust N Z JPsychiatry 2007;41(10):819-29.Fitzgerald PB, Sritharan A, Benitez J, Daskalakis ZJ, Jackson G,Kulkarni J, Egan GF. A preliminary fMRI study of the effects on corticalactivation of the treatment of refractory auditory hallucinations with rTMS.Psychiatry Res 2007;155(1):83-8.Fitzgerald PB, Sritharan A, Daskalakis ZJ, de Castella AR, KulkarniJ, Egan G. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the effectsof low frequency right prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation indepression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007;27(5):488-92.Fitzgerald SM, Bashari H, Cox JA, Parkington HC, Evans RG.Contributions of endothelium-derived relaxing factors to control ofhindlimb blood flow in the mouse in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circul Physiol2007;293(2):H1072-82.Fitzgerald SM, Kemp-Harper BK, Parkington HC, Head GA, EvansRG. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial pressure regulation duringearly diabetes in mice: roles for nitric oxide and endotheliumderivedhyperpolarizing factor. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol2007;293(2):R707-13.98 PUBLICATIONS

Fitzharris M, Fildes B, Charlton J, Kossmann T. General health statusand functional disability following injury in traffic crashes. Traffic Inj Prev2007;8(3):309-20.Fletcher EL, Phipps JA, Ward MM, Puthussery T, Wilkinson-Berka JL.Neuronal and glial cell abnormality as predictors of progression of diabeticretinopathy. Curr Pharm Design 2007;13(26):2699-712.Fodero-Tavoletti MT, Smith DP, McLean CA, Adlard PA, BarnhamKJ, Foster LE, Leone L, Perez K, Cortés M, Culvenor JG, Li QX,Laughton KM, Rowe CC, Masters CL, Cappai R, Villemagne VL. In vitrocharacterization of Pittsburgh compound-B binding to Lewy bodies. JNeurosci 2007;27(39):10365-71.Foley S, Ding C, Cicuttini F, Jones G. Physical activity and kneestructural change: a longitudinal study using MRI. Med Sci Sports Exerc2007;39(3):426-34.Forbes JM, Cooper ME. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabeticcomplications. Int Diabetes Monitor 2007;19(6):9-15.Forbes JM, Fukami K, Cooper ME. Diabetic nephropathy: wherehemodynamics meets metabolism. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes2007;115(2):69-84.Fradkin AJ, Cameron PA, Gabbe BJ. Is there an association between selfreportedwarm-up behaviour and golf related injury in female golfers? J SciMed Sport 2007;10(1):66-71.Fraser SA, Gimenez I, Cook N, Jennings I, Katerelos M, Katsis F,Levidiotis V, Kemp BE, Power DA. Regulation of the renal-specific Na + -K + -2Cl - co-transporter NKCC2 by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).Biochem J 2007;405(1):85-93.Fredericks B. Australian Aboriginal women’s health: reflecting on the pastand present. Health Hist 2007;9(2):1-21.Fredericks B. Australian Indigenous visions and voices enacted throughresearch. World Indigenous Nations Higher Ed Consort J 2007:42-9.Fredericks B. Talkin’ up the research. J Aust Indigenous Issues2007;10(2):45-53.Fredericks B. Utilising the concept of pathway as a framework forindigenous research. Aust J Indigenous Ed 2007;36S:15-22.Fredericks BL, Croft P. Voicing the visions we longed for and have workedtowards. World Indigenous Nations Higher Ed Consort J 2007:50-6.Fredericks BL, Pearce L. Privileging the voices of the Aboriginal and TorresStrait Islander community-controlled health service sector. J Aust IndigenousIssues 2007;10(2):35-44.Free B, Jennings N, Wilson K, Lee G. Moving from fast-track—expanding the role of the emergency nurse practitioner. Aust Emerg Nurs J2007;10(4):199-200.Fridman M, Barnes V, Whyman A, Currell A, Bernard S, Walker T,Smith KL. A model of survival following pre-hospital cardiac arrestbased on the Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Register. Resuscitation2007;75(2):311-22.Friedman ND, Bull AL, Russo PL, Leder K, Reid C, Billah B, Marasco S,McBryde E, Richards MJ. An alternative scoring system to predict risk forsurgical site infection complicating coronary artery bypass graft surgery.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28(10):1162-8.Fritschi L, Glass DC, Tabrizi JS, Leavy JE, Ambrosini GL. Occupationalrisk factors for prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a casecontrolstudy in Western Australia. Occup Environ Med 2007;64(1):60-5.Fu P, Thompson JA, Bach LA. Promotion of cancer cell migration: aninsulin-like growth factor (IGF)-independent action of IGF-binding protein-6.J Biol Chem 2007;282(31):22298-306.Fu P, Thompson JA, Leeding KS, Bach LA. Insulin-like growth factorsinduce apoptosis as well as proliferation in LIM 1215 colon cancer cells. JCell Biochem 2007;100(1):58-68.Fujii A, Allen TJ, Nestel PJ. A 1,3-diacylglycerol-rich oil induces lessatherosclerosis and lowers plasma cholesterol in diabetic apoE-deficientmice. Atherosclerosis 2007;193(1):55-61.Gabbe BJ, Cameron PA, Graves SE, Williamson OD, Edwards ER;Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry (VOTOR) ProjectGroup. Preinjury status: are orthopaedic trauma patients different than thegeneral population? J Orthop Trauma 2007;21(4):223-8.Gabbe BJ, Cameron PA, Williamson OD, Edwards ER, Graves SE,Richardson MD. The relationship between compensable status andlong-term patient outcomes following orthopaedic trauma. Med J Aust2007;187(1):14-7.Gabbe BJ, Finch CF, Cameron PA. Priorities for reducing the burdenof injuries in sport: the example of Australian football. J Sci Med Sport2007;10(5):273-6.Gabbe BJ, Finch CF, Cameron PA. Priorities for reducing the burdenof injuries in sport: the example of Australian football. Med J Aust2007;186(6):321.Gabbe BJ, Sutherland AM, Williamson OD, Cameron PA. Use ofhealth care services 6 months following major trauma. Aust Health Rev2007;31(4):628-32.Gabbe BJ, Sutherland AM, Wolfe R, Williamson OD, Cameron PA. Canthe modified functional independence measure be reliably obtained from thepatient medical record by different raters? J Trauma 2007;63(6):1374-9.Gaemperli O, Schepis T, Kalff V, Namdar M, Valenta I, Stefani L,Desbiolles L, Leschka S, Husmann L, Alkadhi H, Kaufmann PA. Validationof a new cardiac image fusion software for three-dimensional integration ofmyocardial perfusion SPECT and stand-alone 64-slice CT angiography. EurJ Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007;34(7):1097-106.Gahan ME, Webster DE, Wesselingh SL, Strugnell RA. Impact of plasmidstability on oral DNA delivery by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.Vaccine 2007;25(8):1476-83.Gan TJ, Meyer TA, Apfel CC, Chung F, Davis PJ, Habib AS, HooperVD, Kovac AL, Kranke P, Myles P, Philip BK, Samsa G, SesslerDI, Temo J, Tramer MR, Vander Kolk C, Watcha M; Society forAmbulatory Anesthesia. Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia guidelinesfor the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg2007;105(6):1615-28.Ganderton T, Berndt MC, Chesterman CN, Hogg PJ. Hypothesis forcontrol of von Willebrand factor multimer size by intra-molecular thioldisulphideexchange. J Thromb Haemost 2007;5(1):204-6.Gandhi MK, Wilkie GM, Dua U, Mollee PN, Grimmett K, Williams T,Whitaker N, Gill D, Crawford DH. Immunity, homing and efficacy ofallogeneic adoptive immunotherapy for posttransplant lymphoproliferativedisorders. Am J Transplant 2007;7(5):1293-9.Gantois I, Fang K, Jiang L, Babovic D, Lawrence AJ, Ferreri V, Teper Y,Jupp B, Ziebell J, Morganti-Kossmann CM, O’Brien TJ, Nally R, SchutzG, Waddington J, Egan GF, Drago J. Ablation of D1 dopamine receptorexpressingcells generates mice with seizures, dystonia, hyperactivity, andimpaired oral behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104(10):4182-7.Gao J, Chang Chua C, Chen Z, Wang H, Xu X, Hamdy RC, McMullen JR,Shioi T, Izumo S, Chua BH. Resistin, an adipocytokine, offers protectionagainst acute myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007;43(5):601-9.Gao Y, Pagnon J, Feng HC, Konstantopolous N, Jowett JB, Walder K,Collier GR. Secretion of the glucose-regulated selenoprotein SEPS1 fromhepatoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007;356(3):636-41.Garbrecht MR, Klein JM, McCarthy TA, Schmidt TJ, Krozowski ZS,Snyder JM. 11-β Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in humanadult and fetal lung and its regulation by sex steroids. Pediatr Res2007;62(1):26-31.Gardiner EE, Karunakaran D, Shen Y, Arthur JF, Andrews RK, Berndt MC.Controlled shedding of platelet glycoprotein (GP)VI and GPIb-IX-V by ADAMfamily metalloproteinases. J Thromb Haemost 2007;5(7):1530-7.Gaynor L, Gallasch T, Yorkston E, Stewart S, Bogossian F, Fairweather C,Foley D, Nutter H, Thompson J, Stewart L, Anastasi J, Kelly J, BarnesL, Glover P, Turner C. The future nursing workforce in Australia: baselinedata for a prospective study of the profile, attrition rates and graduateoutcomes in a contemporary cohort of undergraduates. Aust J Adv Nurs2007;25(2):11-20.Gaynor L, Gallasch T, Yorkston E, Stewart S, Turner C. Where do allthe undergraduate and new graduate nurses go and why? A search forempirical research evidence. J Adv Nurs 2007;24(2):26-32.George J, Bond CM, McCaig DJ, Cleland J, Cunningham IT, Diack HL,Stewart DC. Experiential learning as part of pharmacist supplementaryprescribing training: feedback from trainees and their mentors. AnnPharmacother 2007;41(6):1031-8.George J, Kong DC, Stewart K. Review of adherence issues inmanagement of COPD. Int J COPD 2007;2(3):253-62.George J, McCaig D, Bond CM, Cunningham IT, Diack HL, StewartDC. Benefits and challenges of prescribing training and implementation:perceptions and early experiences of RPSGB prescribers. Int J Pharm Pract2007;15(1):23-30.George J, Munro K, McCaig D, Stewart D. Risk factors for medicationmisadventure among residents in sheltered housing complexes. Br J ClinPharmacol 2007;63(2):171-6.George J, Shalansky SJ. Predictors of refill non-adherence in patients withheart failure. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007;63(4):488-93.Gibbie T, Hay M, Hutchison CW, Mijch A. Depression, social support andadherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV/AIDS. Sex Health 2007;4(4):227-32.Gilbar PJ, Dooley MJ. Review of case reports of inadvertent intrathecaladministration of vincristine: recommendations to reduce occurrence. AsiaPacific J Clin Oncol 2007;3(2):59-65.PUBLICATIONS 99

Giles ML, Garland SM, Lewin SR, Hellard ME. What are the barriers tooffering HIV testing in an antenatal setting? A national study of obstetricians.AIDS 2007;21(12):1601-6.Gill S, Shapiro J, Westerman D, Prince HM. Long-term survival andsecondary acute leukemia after fotemustine therapy for metastaticmelanoma. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(28):4493-4.Glaspole IN, de Leon MP, Rolland JM, O’Hehir RE. Anaphylaxis to lemonsoap: citrus seed and peanut allergen cross-reactivity. Ann Allergy AsthmaImmunol 2007;98(3):286-9.Goeman DP, Douglass JA. Optimal management of asthma in elderlypatients: strategies to improve adherence to recommended interventions.Drugs Aging 2007;24(5):381-94.Goeman DP, O’Hehir RE, Jenkins C, Scharf SL, Douglass JA. “You haveto learn to live with it”: a qualitative and quantitative study of older peoplewith asthma. Clin Resp J 2007;1(2):99-105.Goh SS, Woodman OL, Pepe S, Cao AH, Qin C, Ritchie RH. The red wineantioxidant resveratrol prevents cardiomyocyte injury following ischemiareperfusionvia multiple sites and mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal2007;9(1):101-13.Gold J, Hocking J, Hellard M. The feasibility of recruiting young men inrural areas from community football clubs for STI screening. Aust N Z JPublic Health 2007;31(3):243-6.Goldschlager T, Campbell S. Comment on article by Springborg et al. JTrauma 2007;63(2):E65.Goldschlager T, Rosenfeld JV, Winter CD. ‘Talk and die’ patientspresenting to a major trauma centre over a 10 year period: a critical review.J Clin Neurosci 2007;14(7):618-23.Goldstein D, Van Hazel G, Walpole E, Underhill C, Kotasek D, MichaelM, Shapiro J, Davies T, Reece W, Harvey J, Spry N. Gemcitabine witha specific conformal 3D 5FU radiochemotherapy technique is safe andeffective in the definitive management of locally advanced pancreaticcancer. Br J Cancer 2007;97(4):464-71.Golledge J, Muller J, Shephard N, Clancy P, Smallwood L, MoranC, Dear AE, Palmer LJ, Norman PE. Association between osteopontinand human abdominal aortic aneurysm. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol2007;27(3):655-60.Goller JL, Jolley D, Ringwald P, Biggs BA. Regional differences in theresponse of Plasmodium vivax malaria to primaquine as anti-relapsetherapy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007;76(2):203-7.Gong YP, Yarrow PM, Carmalt HL, Kwun SY, Kennedy CW, Lin BP, XingPX, Gillett DJ. Overexpression of Cripto and its prognostic significancein breast cancer: a study with long-term survival. Eur J Surg Oncol2007;33(4):438-43.Gonsolin D, Couturier K, Garait B, Rondel S, Novel-Chaté V, PeltierS, Faure P, Gachon P, Boirie Y, Keriel C, Favier R, Pepe S, DemaisonL, Leverve X. High dietary sucrose triggers hyperinsulinemia, increasesmyocardial β-oxidation, reduces glycolytic flux and delays post-ischemiccontractile recovery. Mol Cell Biochem 2007;295(1-2):217-28.Goodall I, Colman PG, Schneider HG, McLean M, Barker G. Desirableperformance standards for HbA(1c) analysis - precision, accuracy andstandardisation: consensus statement of the Australasian Association ofClinical Biochemists (AACB), the Australian Diabetes Society (ADS), theRoyal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA), Endocrine Society ofAustralia (ESA), and the Australian Diabetes Educators Association (ADEA).Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45(8):1083-97.Gooi J, Marasco S, Rowland M, Esmore D, Negri J, Pick A. Fast-trackcardiac surgery: application in an Australian setting. Asian Cardiovasc ThoracAnn 2007;15(2):139-43.Gordon MV, Varma D, McLean CA, Bittar RG, Burgess JR, Topliss DJ.Metastatic prolactinoma presenting as a cervical spinal cord tumourin multiple endocrine neoplasia type one (MEN-1). Clin Endocrinol2007;66(1):150-2.Göring HH, Curran JE, Johnson MP, Dyer TD, Charlesworth J, Cole SA,Jowett JB, Abraham LJ, Rainwater DL, Comuzzie AG, Mahaney MC,Almasy L, Maccluer JW, Kissebah AH, Collier GR, Moses EK, BlangeroJ. Discovery of expression QTLs using large-scale transcriptional profilingin human lymphocytes. Nat Genet 2007;39(10):1208-16.Gorry PR, Churchill M, Learmont J, Cherry C, Dyer WB, Wesselingh SL,Sullivan JS. Replication-dependent pathogenicity of attenuated nef-deletedHIV-1 in vivo. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007;46(4):390-4.Gorry PR, Dunfee RL, Mefford ME, Kunstman K, Morgan T, Moore JP,Mascola JR, Agopian K, Holm GH, Mehle A, Taylor J, Farzan M, WangH, Ellery P, Willey SJ, Clapham PR, Wolinsky SM, Crowe SM, GabuzdaD. Changes in the V3 region of gp120 contribute to unusually broadcoreceptor usage of an HIV-1 isolate from a CCR5 ∆32 heterozygote.Virology 2007;362(1):163-78.Gorry PR, McPhee DA, Verity E, Dyer WB, Wesselingh SL, Learmont J,Sullivan JS, Roche M, Zaunders JJ, Gabuzda D, Crowe SM, Mills J,Lewin SR, Brew BJ, Cunningham AL, Churchill MJ. Pathogenicity andimmunogenicity of attenuated, nef-deleted HIV-1 strains in vivo. Retrovirology2007;4:66.Gorry PR, McPhee DA, Wesselingh SL, Churchill MJ. Macrophagetropism and cytopathicity of HIV-1 variants isolated sequentially froma long-term survivor infected with nef-deleted virus. Open Microbiol J2007;1:1-7.Goschnick MW, Jackson DE. Tetraspanins-structural and signallingscaffolds that regulate platelet function. Mini Rev Med Chem2007;7(12):1248-54.Gould PA, Kong G, Kalff V, Duffy SJ, Taylor AJ, Kelly MJ, Kaye DM.Improvement in cardiac adrenergic function post biventricular pacing forheart failure. Europace 2007;9(9):751-6.Grande-Allen KJ, Osman N, Ballinger M, Dadlani H, Marasco S, LittlePJ. Glycosaminoglycan synthesis and structure as targets for the preventionof calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovasc Res 2007;76(1):19-28.Gray L, Churchill MJ, Sterjovski J, Witlox K, Learmont JC, Sullivan JS,Wesselingh SL, Gabuzda D, Cunningham AL, McPhee DA, Gorry PR.Phenotype and envelope gene diversity of nef-deleted HIV-1 isolated fromlong-term survivors infected from a single source. Virol J 2007;4:75.Green AL, Wang S, Bittar RG, Owen SL, Paterson DJ, Stein JF, BainPG, Shlugman D, Aziz TZ. Deep brain stimulation: a new treatment forhypertension? J Clin Neurosci 2007;14(6):592-5.Greengrass V, Plate MM, Steele PM, Taqi R, van Rooijen L, Sun Y,Morris LM, Crowe SM. HIV monitoring in laboratories in resource limitedareas. J Chinese Clin Med 2007;2(8):469-80.Grodski S, Cornford L, Sywak M, Sidhu S, Delbridge L. Routine level VIlymph node dissection for papillary thyroid cancer: surgical technique. ANZJ Surg 2007;77(4):203-8.Groop PH, Thomas MC, Rosengard-Barlund M, Mills V, Ronnback M,Thomas S, Forsblom C, Taskinen MR, Viberti G. HDL composition predictsnew-onset cardiovascular disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes. DiabetesCare 2007;30(10):2706-7.Grosjean MB, Lenzlinger PM, Stahel PF, Yatsiv I, Shohami E, TrentzO, Kossmann T, Morganti-Kossmann MC. Immunohistochemicalcharacterization of Fas (CD95) and Fas ligand (FasL/CD95L) expressionin the injured brain: relationship with neuronal cell death and inflammatorymediators. Histol Histopathol 2007;22(3):235-50.Guy R, Lim MS, Wang YH, Medland N, Anderson J, Roth N, Hellard ME.A new surveillance system for monitoring HIV infection in Victoria, Australia.Sex Health 2007;4(3):195-9.Guy RJ, McDonald AM, Bartlett MJ, Murray JC, Giele CM, Davey TM,Appuhamy RD, Knibbs P, Coleman D, Hellard ME, Grulich AE, KaldorJM. HIV diagnoses in Australia: diverging epidemics within a lowprevalencecountry. Med J Aust 2007;187(8):437-40.Guymer E, Baranyay F, Wluka AE, Hanna F, Bell RJ, Davis SR, Wang Y,Cicuttini FM. A study of the prevalence and associations of subchondralbone marrow lesions in the knees of healthy, middle-aged women.Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007;15(12):1437-42.Haas SJ. Is this medicine really involved in a drug interaction? South Med J2007;100(4):345-6.Haas SJ, Hill R, Krum H, Liew D, Tonkin A, Demos L, Stephan K, McNeilJ. Clozapine-associated myocarditis: a review of 116 cases of suspectedmyocarditis associated with the use of clozapine in Australia during1993-2003. Drug Saf 2007;30(1):47-57.Habgood MD, Bye N, Dziegielewska KM, Ek CJ, Lane MA, Potter A,Morganti-Kossmann C, Saunders NR. Changes in blood-brain barrierpermeability to large and small molecules following traumatic brain injuryin mice. Eur J Neurosci 2007;25(1):231-8.Hadj A, Pepe S, Rosenfeldt F. The clinical application of metabolic therapyfor cardiovascular disease. Heart Lung Circ 2007;16(Suppl 3):S56-64.Hagan N, Currey J. Living with heart failure: partner perspectives. Aust CritCare 2007;20(3):113-5.Hagan NA, Botti MA, Watts RJ. Financial, family, and socialfactors impacting on cardiac rehabilitation attendance. Heart Lung2007;36(2):105-13.Hagemeyer CE, Schwarz M, Peter K. Single-chain antibodies as newantithrombotic drugs. Semin Thromb Hemost 2007;33(2):185-95.Haider Y, Malizia AP, Keating DT, Birch M, Tomlinson A, Martin G,Ferguson MW, Doran PP, Egan JJ. Host predisposition by endogenoustransforming growth factor-β1 overexpression promotes pulmonary fibrosisfollowing bleomycin injury. J Inflamm 2007;4:18.100 PUBLICATIONS

Haller G, Myles PS, Stoelwinder J, Langley M, Anderson H, McNeil J.Integrating incident reporting into an electronic patient record system. J AmMed Inform Assoc 2007;14(2):175-81.Hamilton JR, Kaplan Z, Jackson SP, Opat S. Antiplatelet therapy: presentstatus and future prospects. Expert Opin Drug Dis 2007;2(8):1035-40.Hamming I, Cooper ME, Haagmans BL, Hooper NM, Korstanje R,Osterhaus AD, Timens W, Turner AJ, Navis G, van Goor H. The emergingrole of ACE2 in physiology and disease. J Pathol 2007;212(1):1-11.Hanna F, Teichtahl AJ, Bell R, Davis SR, Wluka AE, O’Sullivan R,Cicuttini FM. The cross-sectional relationship between fortnightly exerciseand knee cartilage properties in healthy adult women in midlife. Menopause2007;14(5):830-4.Hanna FS, Bell RJ, Cicuttini FM, Davison SL, Wluka AE, Davis SR. Therelationship between endogenous testosterone, preandrogens, and sexhormone binding globulin and knee joint structure in women at midlife.Semin Arthritis Rheum 2007;37(1):56-62.Hanna FS, Bell RJ, Davis SR, Wluka AE, Teichtahl AJ, O’Sullivan R,Cicuttini FM. Factors affecting patella cartilage and bone in middle-agedwomen. Arthritis Rheum 2007;57(2):272-8.Haqshenas G, Dong X, Ewart G, Bowden S, Gowans EJ. A 2a/1b fulllengthp7 inter-genotypic chimeric genome of hepatitis C virus is infectiousin vitro. Virology 2007;360(1):17-26.Haqshenas G, Dong X, Netter H, Torresi J, Gowans EJ. A chimeric GBvirus B encoding the hepatitis C virus hypervariable region 1 is infectious invivo. J Gen Virol 2007;88(Pt 3):895-902.Haqshenas G, Mackenzie JM, Dong X, Gowans EJ. Hepatitis C virus p7protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum when it is encoded by areplication-competent genome. J Gen Virol 2007;88(Pt 1):134-42.Harazny JM, Ritt M, Baleanu D, Ott C, Heckmann J, Schlaich MP,Michelson G, Schmieder RE. Increased wall:lumen ratio of retinal arteriolesin male patients with a history of a cerebrovascular event. Hypertension2007;50(4):623-9.Harford A, Edwards J, Priestly B, Wright P. Current OHS best practices forthe Australian nanotechnology industry: a position paper by the NanoSafeAustralia Network. J Occup Health Safety Aust NZ 2007;23(4):315-31.Harrington G, Watson K, Bailey M, Land G, Borrell S, Houston L, KehoeR, Bass P, Cockroft E, Marshall C, Mijch A, Spelman D. Reductionin hospitalwide incidence of infection or colonization with methicillinresistantStaphylococcus aureus with use of antimicrobial hand-hygienegel and statistical process control charts. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2007;28(7):837-44.Harriss LR, English DR, Hopper JL, Powles J, Simpson JA, O’Dea K,Giles GG, Tonkin AM. Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular mortalityaccounting for possible misclassification of intake: 11-year follow-up of theMelbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Addiction 2007;102(10):1574-85.Harriss LR, English DR, Powles J, Giles GG, Tonkin AM, Hodge AM,Brazionis L, O’Dea K. Dietary patterns and cardiovascular mortality in theMelbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86(1):221-9.Harvey A, Graham HK, Morris ME, Baker R, Wolfe R. The FunctionalMobility Scale: ability to detect change following single event multilevelsurgery. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007;49(8):603-7.Hassali MA, Kong DC, Stewart K. A comparison between senior medicalstudents’ and pharmacy pre-registrants’ knowledge and perceptions ofgeneric medicines. Med Educ 2007;41(7):703-10.Hassali MA, Kong DC, Stewart K. Knowledge and perceptions ofrecent pharmacy graduates about generic medicines. Pharm Educ2007;7(1):89-95.Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Cerin E, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, OwenN. Objectively measured light-intensity physical activity is independentlyassociated with 2-h plasma glucose. Diabetes Care 2007;30(6):1384-9.Hein LK, Meikle PJ, Hopwood JJ, Fuller M. Secondary sphingolipidaccumulation in a macrophage model of Gaucher disease. Mol Genet Metab2007;92(4):336-345.Hellard ME, Aitken CK, Hocking JS. Tattooing in prisons--not such a prettypicture. Am J Infect Control 2007;35(7):477-80.Henzler D, Cooper DJ, Tremayne AB, Rossaint R, Higgins A. Earlymodifiable factors associated with fatal outcome in patients withsevere traumatic brain injury: a case control study. Crit Care Med2007;35(4):1027-31.Herbert S, Halvorsen DS, Leong T, Franklin C, Harrington G, Spelman D.Large outbreak of infection and colonization with gram-negative pathogenscarrying the metallo-β-lactamase gene blaIMP-4 at a 320-bed tertiary hospitalin Australia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28(1):98-101.Hevener AL, Olefsky JM, Reichart D, Nguyen MT, BandyopadyhayG, Leung HY, Watt MJ, Benner C, Febbraio MA, Nguyen AK, FolianB, Subramaniam S, Gonzalez FJ, Glass CK, Ricote M. MacrophagePPARγ is required for normal skeletal muscle and hepatic insulinsensitivity and full antidiabetic effects of thiazolidinediones. J Clin Invest2007;117(6):1658-69.Hides L, Lubman DI, Devlin H, Cotton S, Aitken C, Gibbie T, Hellard M.Reliability and validity of the Kessler 10 and Patient Health Questionnaireamong injecting drug users. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2007;41(2):166-8.Hill MK, Bellamy-McIntyre A, Vella LJ, Campbell SM, Marshall JA,Tachedjian G, Mak J. Alteration of the proline at position 7 of the HIV-1spacer peptide p1 suppresses viral infectivity in a strain dependent manner.Curr HIV Res 2007;5(1):69-78.Hing C, Raleigh E, Bailey M, Shah N, Marshall T, Donell S, GlasgowM. A prospective study of the diagnostic potential of the knee tunnel viewradiograph in assessing anterior knee pain. Knee 2007;14(1):29-33.Hing CB, Back DL, Bailey M, Young DA, Dalziel RE, Shimmin AJ. Theresults of primary Birmingham hip resurfacings at a mean of five years: anindependent prospective review of the first 230 hips. J Bone Joint Surg Br2007;89(11):1431-8.Hing CB, Young DA, Dalziel RE, Bailey M, Back DL, Shimmin AJ.Narrowing of the neck in resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip: a radiologicalstudy. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2007;89(8):1019-24.Hinton RL, Auwun A, Pongua G, Oa O, Davis TM, Karunajeewa HA,Reeder JC. Caregivers’ acceptance of using artesunate suppositoriesfor treating childhood malaria in Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg2007;76(4):634-40.Hinwood AL, Rodriguez C, Runnion T, Farrar D, Murray F, Horton A,Glass D, Sheppeard V, Edwards JW, Denison L, Whitworth T, Eiser C,Bulsara M, Gillett RW, Powell J, Lawson S, Weeks I, Galbally I. Riskfactors for increased BTEX exposure in four Australian cities. Chemosphere2007;66(3):533-41.Hiwase DK, Bollard G, Hiwase S, Bailey M, Muirhead J, SchwarerAP. Intermediate-dose CY and G-CSF more efficiently mobilize adequatenumbers of PBSC for tandem autologous PBSC transplantation comparedwith low-dose CY in patients with multiple myeloma. Cytotherapy2007;9(6):539-47.Hoang A, Murphy AJ, Coughlan MT, Thomas MC, Forbes JM, O’BrienR, Cooper ME, Chin-Dusting JP, Sviridov D. Advanced glycation ofapolipoprotein A-I impairs its anti-atherogenic properties. Diabetologia2007;50(8):1770-9.Hoare B, Imms C, Carey L, Wasiak J. Constraint-inducedmovement therapy in the treatment of the upper limb in children withhemiplegic cerebral palsy: a Cochrane systematic review. Clin Rehabil2007;21(8):675-85.Hodgkinson B, Koch S, Nay R, Lewis M. Managing the wanderingbehaviour of people living in a residential aged care facility. Int J EvidenceBased Healthcare 2007;5(4):406-36.Hoen B, Cooper DA, Lampe FC, Perrin L, Clumeck N, et al; QUEST StudyGroup. Predictors of virological outcome and safety in primary HIV type1-infected patients initiating quadruple antiretroviral therapy: QUEST GWPROB3005. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45(3):381-90.Hogg M, Braithwaite M, Bailey M, Kotsimbos T, Wilson JW. Workdisability in adults with cystic fibrosis and its relationship to quality of life. JCyst Fibros 2007;6(3):223-7.Holland AE, Denehy L, Buchan CA, Wilson JW. Efficacy of a heatedpassover humidifier during noninvasive ventilation: a bench study. RespirCare 2007;52(1):38-44.Holmes A, Hodgins G, Adey S, Menzel S, Danne P, Kossmann T, JuddF. Trial of interpersonal counselling after major physical trauma. Aust N Z JPsychiatry 2007;41(11):926-33.Holmes W, Hoy D, Lockley A, Thammavongxay K, BounnapholS, Xeuatvongsa A, Toole M. Influences on maternal and childnutrition in the highlands of the northern Lao PDR. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr2007;16(3):537-45.Holmes WR, Savage F. Exclusive breastfeeding and HIV. Lancet2007;369(9567):1065-6.Hoppe CC, Evans RG, Moritz KM, Cullen-McEwen LA, Fitzgerald SM,Dowling J, Bertram JF. Combined prenatal and postnatal protein restrictioninfluences adult kidney structure, function, and arterial pressure. Am JPhysiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007;292(1):R462-9.Hovey E, Gabriel G, George M, Shapiro J, Chern B, Moylan E. Experiencewith docetaxel in hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) at threeAustralian cancer centers: a retrospective study. Asia-Pacific J Clin Oncol2007;3(3):156-62.PUBLICATIONS 101

Hoy AJ, Bruce CR, Cederberg A, Turner N, James DE, Cooney GJ,Kraegen EW. Glucose infusion causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscleof rats without changes in Akt and AS160 phosphorylation. Am J PhysiolEndocrinol Metab 2007;293(5):E1358-64.Hoy KE, Georgiou-Karistianis N, Laycock R, Fitzgerald PB. Usingtranscranial magnetic stimulation to investigate the cortical origins of motoroverflow: a study in schizophrenia and healthy controls. Psychol Med2007;37(4):583-94.Hoy WE, Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan S, Wang Z, Briganti E, ShawJ, Polkinghorne K, Chadban S; AusDiab Study Group. Quantifyingthe excess risk for proteinuria, hypertension and diabetes in AustralianAborigines: comparison of profiles in three remote communities in theNorthern Territory with those in the AusDiab study. Aust N Z J Public Health2007;31(2):177-83.Hoyle RJ, Walker KJ, Thomson G, Bailey M. Accuracy ofelectrocardiogram interpretation improves with emergency medicinetraining. Emerg Med Australas 2007;19(2):143-50.Hu W, Tong S, Mengersen K, Oldenburg B. Exploratory spatial analysisof social and environmental factors associated with the incidence of RossRiver virus in Brisbane, Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007;76(5):814-9.Hu XF, Li J, Yang E, Vandervalk S, Xing PX. Anti-Cripto Mab inhibit tumourgrowth and overcome MDR in a human leukaemia MDR cell line byinhibition of Akt and activation of JNK/SAPK and bad death pathways. Br JCancer 2007;96(6):918-27.Hughan SC, Hughes CE, McCarty OJ, Schweighoffer E, Soultanova I,Ware J, Tybulewicz VL, Watson SP. GPVI potentiation of platelet activationby thrombin and adhesion molecules independent of Src kinases and Syk.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007;27(2):422-9.Hughan SC, Watson SP. Differential regulation of adapter proteins Dok2and Dok1 in platelets, leading to an association of Dok2 with integrinα IIbβ 3. J Thromb Haemost 2007;5(2):387-94.Hurson CJ, Butler JS, Keating DT, Murray DW, Sadlier DM, O’ByrneJM, Doran PP. Gene expression analysis in human osteoblasts exposedto dexamethasone identifies altered developmental pathways as putativedrivers of osteoporosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2007;8:12.Hwang PY, Ho CL. Minimally invasive carpal tunnel decompression usingthe KnifeLight. Neurosurgery 2007;60(2 Suppl 1):ONS162-8.Hwang PY, Ho CL. Neuronavigation using an image-guided endoscopictransnasal-sphenoethmoidal approach to clival chordomas. Neurosurgery2007;61(5 Suppl 2):212-7.Hwang PY, Kockro RA, Lee CK, Ng I. Virtual reality simulation for skullbase surgery. Asian J Neurosurg 2007;1:1-8.Ikin JF, Sim MR, McKenzie DP, Horsley KW, Wilson EJ, Moore MR, JelfsP, Harrex WK, Henderson S. Anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder anddepression in Korean War veterans 50 years after the war. Br J Psychiatry2007;190(6):475-83.Imrie H, Fowkes FJ, Michon P, Tavul L, Reeder JC, Day KP. Lowprevalence of an acute phase response in asymptomatic children froma malaria-endemic area of Papua New Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg2007;76(2):280-4.Inglis SC, Stewart S, Papachan A, Vaghela V, Libhaber C, Veriava Y,Sliwa K. Anaemia and renal function in heart failure due to idiopathicdilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 2007;9(4):384-90.International Breast Cancer Study Group, Colleoni M, Gelber S,Simoncini E, Pagani O, Gelber RD, Price KN, Castiglione-Gertsch M,Coates AS, Goldhirsch A. Effects of a treatment gap during adjuvantchemotherapy in node-positive breast cancer: results of InternationalBreast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trials 13-93 and 14-93. Ann Oncol2007;18(7):1177-84.Iqbal HS, Balakrishnan P, Cecelia AJ, Solomon S, Kumarasamy N,Madhavan V, Murugavel KG, Ganesh AK, Solomon SS, Mayer KH,Crowe SM. Use of an HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase enzyme-activity assay tomeasure HIV-1 viral load as a potential alternative to nucleic acid-basedassay for monitoring antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. JMed Microbiol 2007;56(Pt 12):1611-4.Jackson K, Head GA, Morris BJ, Chin-Dusting J, Jones E, La Greca L,Mayorov DN. Reduced cardiovascular reactivity to stress but not feeding inrenin enhancer knockout mice. Am J Hypertens 2007;20(8):893-9.Jackson SP. The growing complexity of platelet aggregation. Blood2007;109(12):5087-95.Jackson SP, Calkin AC. The clot thickens--oxidized lipids and thrombosis.Nat Med 2007;13(9):1015-6.Jackson SP, Cranmer S, Mangin P, Yuan Y. Are Erk, Btk, and PECAM-1major players in GPIb signaling? The challenge of unraveling signalingevents downstream of platelet GPIb. Blood 2007;109(2):846-7.Jang C, Obeyesekere VR, Dilley RJ, Krozowski Z, Inder WJ, AlfordFP. Altered activity of 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and 2in skeletal muscle confers metabolic protection in subjects with Type 2diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92(8):3314-20.Janus ED, Laatikainen T, Dunbar JA, Kilkkinen A, Bunker SJ,Philpot B, Tideman PA, Tirimacco R, Heistaro S. Overweight, obesityand metabolic syndrome in rural southeastern Australia. Med J Aust2007;187(3):147-52.Jaworowski A, Kamwendo DD, Ellery P, Sonza S, Mwapasa V, Tadesse E,Molyneux ME, Rogerson SJ, Meshnick SR, Crowe SM. CD16+ monocytesubset preferentially harbors HIV-1 and is expanded in pregnant Malawianwomen with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis2007;196(1):38-42.Jennings GLR, McMullen JR. Left ventricular hypertrophy: beyond theimage and defining the human cardiac phenotype in hypertension. JHypertens 2007;25(5):941-7.Jiang XY, Gao GD, Du XJ, Zhou J, Wang XF, Lin YX. The signalling of AT2and the influence on the collagen metabolism of AT2 receptor in adult ratcardiac fibroblasts. Acta Cardiol 2007;62(5):429-38.Jin W, Inoue O, Tamura N, Suzuki-Inoue K, Satoh K, Berndt MC, HandaM, Goto S, Ozaki Y. A role for glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomainsin platelet glycoprotein Ib-mediated platelet activation. J Thromb Haemost2007;5(5):1034-40.Jin X, Sun Y, Jiang F, Ma J, Morgan C, Shen X. “Care for Development”intervention in rural China: a prospective follow-up study. J Dev BehavPediatr 2007;28(3):213-8.Johnson MP, Fitzpatrick E, Dyer TD, Jowett JB, Brennecke SP, BlangeroJ, Moses EK. Identification of two novel quantitative trait loci for preeclampsiasusceptibility on chromosomes 5q and 13q using a variancecomponents-based linkage approach. Mol Hum Reprod 2007;13(1):61-7.Johnson PD, Azuolas J, Lavender CJ, Wishart E, Stinear TP, HaymanJA, Brown L, Jenkin GA, Fyfe JA. Mycobacterium ulcerans in mosquitoescaptured during outbreak of Buruli ulcer, southeastern Australia. EmergInfect Dis 2007;13(11):1653-60.Jones D, Bellomo R. Pattern of detection of cardiac arrests was unaffectedby the introduction of medical emergency team: reply to Smith et al.Intensive Care Med 2007;33(2):387.Jones D, Egi M, Bellomo R, Goldsmith D. Effect of the medicalemergency team on long-term mortality following major surgery. Crit Care2007;11(1):R12.Jones D, Opdam H, Egi M, Goldsmith D, Bates S, Gutteridge G, KattulaA, Bellomo R. Long-term effect of a Medical Emergency Team on mortalityin a teaching hospital. Resuscitation 2007;74(2):235-41.Jones DA, Cooper DJ, Finfer SR, Bellomo R, Myburgh JA, Higgins A,Peake SL, Jenkins I, McNeil J. Advancing intensive care research inAustralia and New Zealand: development of the binational ANZIC ResearchCentre. Crit Care Resusc 2007;9(2):198-204.Jones DA, McIntyre T, Baldwin I, Mercer I, Kattula A, Bellomo R. Themedical emergency team and end-of-life care: a pilot study. Crit Care Resusc2007;9(2):151-6.Jones G, Cicuttini FM. Database research in Australia: time to dredge upsome action. Intern Med J 2007;37(9):587-8.Jones KL, Drane D, Gowans EJ. Long-term storage of DNA-free RNA foruse in vaccine studies. Biotechniques 2007;43(5):675-81.Joyce CM, Stoelwinder JU, McNeil JJ, Piterman L. Riding the wave:current and emerging trends in graduates from Australian university medicalschools. Med J Aust 2007;186(6):309-12.Kalman JM, Kistler PM, Waldo AL. Localization of focal atrialtachycardias--back to the future...when (old) electrophysiologic firstprinciples complement sophisticated technology. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol2007;18(1):7-8.Karagiannis TC, El-Osta A. Will broad-spectrum histone deacetylaseinhibitors be superseded by more specific compounds? Leukemia2007;21(1):61-5.Karagiannis TC, El-Osta A. Chromatin modifications and DNA doublestrandbreaks: the current state of play. Leukemia 2007;21(2):195-200.Karagiannis TC, Harikrishnan KN, El-Osta A. Disparity of histonedeacetylase inhibition on repair of radiation-induced DNA damage oneuchromatin and constitutive heterochromatin compartments. Oncogene2007;26(27):3963-71.Karantonis DM, Lovell NH, Ayre PJ, Mason DG, Cloherty SL.Classification of physiologically significant pumping states in animplantable rotary blood pump: effects of cardiac rhythm disturbances. ArtifOrgans 2007;31(6):476-9.102 PUBLICATIONS

Karipidis K, Benke G, Sim M, Fritschi L, Yost M, Armstrong B, HughesAM, Grulich A, Vajdic CM, Kaldor J, Kricker A. Occupational exposureto power frequency magnetic fields and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Occup Environ Med 2007;64(1):25-9.Karipidis KK, Benke G, Sim MR, Kauppinen T, Giles G. Occupationalexposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and risk of glioma. OccupMed 2007;57(7):518-24.Karipidis KK, Benke G, Sim MR, Kauppinen T, Kricker A, Hughes AM,Grulich AE, Vajdic CM, Kaldor J, Armstrong B, Fritschi L. Occupationalexposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and risk of non-Hodgkinlymphoma. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2007;80(8):663-70.Karipidis KK, Benke G, Sim MR, Yost M, Giles G. Occupational exposureto low frequency magnetic fields and the risk of low grade and high gradeglioma. Cancer Causes Control 2007;18(3):305-13.Kasehagen LJ, Mueller I, Kiniboro B, Bockarie MJ, Reeder JC, KazuraJW, Kastens W, McNamara DT, King CH, Whalen CC, Zimmerman PA.Reduced Plasmodium vivax erythrocyte infection in PNG Duffy-negativeheterozygotes. PLoS ONE 2007;2(3):e336.Katlama C, Esposito R, Gatell JM, Goffard JC, Grinsztejn B, PozniakA, Rockstroh J, Stoehr A, Vetter N, Yeni P, Parys W, Vangeneugden T;the POWER 1 study group. Efficacy and safety of TMC114/ritonavir intreatment-experienced HIV patients: 24-week results of POWER 1. AIDS2007;21(4):395-402.Kaufman FR, Shaw J. Type 2 diabetes in youth: rates, antecedents,treatment, problems and prevention. Pediatr Diabetes 2007;8 Suppl 9:4-6.Kaye DM, Krum H. Drug discovery for heart failure: a new era or the end ofthe pipeline? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007;6(2):127-39.Kaye DM, Preovolos A, Marshall T, Byrne M, Hoshijima M, HajjarR, Mariani JA, Pepe S, Chien KR, Power JM. Percutaneous cardiacrecirculation-mediated gene transfer of an inhibitory phospholambanpeptide reverses advanced heart failure in large animals. J Am Coll Cardiol2007;50(3):253-60.Kelly DJ, Wilkinson-Berka JL, Gilbert RE. Progressive diabeticnephropathy in the Ren-2 rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007;292(5):F1662.Kelly DJ, Zhang Y, Connelly K, Cox AJ, Martin J, Krum H, GilbertRE. Tranilast attenuates diastolic dysfunction and structural injury inexperimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circul Physiol2007;293(5):H2860-9.Kelly JW, Henderson MA, Thursfield VJ, Slavin J, Ainslie J, Giles GG.The management of primary cutaneous melanoma in Victoria in 1996 and2000. Med J Aust 2007;187(9):511-4.Kelly JW, McArthur GA, Wolfe R, Thompson JF, Liu W. A confusingmessage will not improve the detection of melanoma—reply. Arch Dermatol2007;143(6):806-7.Kelly JW, McArthur GA, Wolfe R, Thompson JF, Liu W. Fast-growing andslow-growing melanomas—reply. Arch Dermatol 2007;143(6):803-4.Kelsall HL, Sim MR, Ikin JF, Forbes AB, McKenzie DP, Glass DC, Ittak P.Reproductive health of male Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. BMCPublic Health 2007;7:79.Kemp W, Krum H, Colman J, Bailey M, Yandle T, Richards M, Roberts S.Urotensin II: a novel vasoactive mediator linked to chronic liver disease andportal hypertension. Liver Int 2007;27(9):1232-9.Kemp W, Roberts S, Komesaroff PA, Zomer E, Krum H. Urotensin II inchronic liver disease: in vivo effect on vascular tone. Scand J Gastroenterol2007;13:1-7.Kempster PA, Williams DR, Selikhova M, Holton J, Revesz T, LeesAJ. Patterns of levodopa response in Parkinson’s disease: a clinicopathologicalstudy. Brain 2007;130(Pt 8):2123-8.Kendall JD, Rewcastle GW, Frederick R, Mawson C, Denny WA, MarshallES, Baguley BC, Chaussade C, Jackson SP, Shepherd PR. Synthesis,biological evaluation and molecular modelling of sulfonohydrazides asselective PI3K p110α inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2007;15(24):7677-87.Kennedy A, Sloman F, Douglass JA, Sawyer SM. Young people withchronic illness: the approach to transition. Intern Med J 2007;37(8):555-60.Kenny A, Endacott R, Botti M, Watts R. Emotional toil: psychosocial carein rural settings for patients with cancer. J Adv Nurs 2007;60(6):663-72.Keogh AM, McNeil KD, Wlodarczyk J, Gabbay E, Williams TJ. Quality oflife in pulmonary arterial hypertension: improvement and maintenance withbosentan. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007;26(2):181-7.Keshaviah A, Dellapasqua S, Rotmensz N, Lindtner J, Crivellari D,Collins J, Colleoni M, Thürlimann B, Mendiola C, Aebi S, Price KN,Pagani O, Simoncini E, Castiglione Gertsch M, Gelber RD, Coates AS,Goldhirsch A. CA15-3 and alkaline phosphatase as predictors for breastcancer recurrence: a combined analysis of seven International BreastCancer Study Group trials. Ann Oncol 2007;18(4):701-8.Khan R, Agrotis A, Bobik A. Understanding the role of transforminggrowth factor-β1 in intimal thickening after vascular injury. Cardiovasc Res2007;74(2):223-34.Khanjani N, Hoving JL, Forbes AB, Sim MR. Systematic review and metaanalysisof cyclodiene insecticides and breast cancer. J Environ Sci Health CEnviron Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 2007;25(1):23-52.Khanjani N, Sim MR. Maternal contamination with PCBs and reproductiveoutcomes in an Australian population. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol2007;17(2):191-5.Kidd SE, Bach PJ, Hingston AO, Mak S, Chow Y, MacDougall L, KronstadJW, Bartlett KH. Cryptococcus gattii dispersal mechanisms, BritishColumbia, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis 2007;13(1):51-7.Kidd SE, Chow Y, Mak S, Bach PJ, Chen H, Hingston AO, KronstadJW, Bartlett KH. Characterization of environmental sources of the humanand animal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia, Canada,and the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Appl Environ Microbiol2007;73(5):1433-43.Kim S, Garcia A, Jackson SP, Kunapuli SP. Insulin-like growthfactor-1 regulates platelet activation through PI3-Kα isoform. Blood2007;110(13):4206-13.Kingwell B, Boutouyrie P. Genetic influences on the arterial wall. Clin ExpPharmacol Physiol 2007;34(7):652-7.Kingwell BA, Ahimastos AA. Arterial stiffness and coronary ischemicdisease. Adv Cardiol 2007;44:125-38.Kinsella GJ, Ong B, Storey E, Wallace J, Hester R. Elaborated spacedretrievaland prospective memory in mild Alzheimer’s disease. NeuropsycholRehabil 2007;17(6):688-706.Kirkman S, Thompson DR, Watson R, Stewart S. Are all doctorates equalor are some “more equal than others”?: an examination of which onesshould be offered by schools of nursing. Nurse Educ Pract 2007;7(2):61-6.Kistler PM. Catheter ablation techniques in managing arrhythmias. AustFam Physician 2007;36(7):512-7.Kistler PM. The left atrial appendage: not just an innocent bystander. JCardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007;18(5):465-6.Kistler PM, Habersberger J. Management of atrial fibrillation. Aust FamPhysician 2007;36(7):506-8,511.Kistler PM, Ho SY, Rajappan K, Morper M, Harris S, Abrams D, SportonSC, Schilling RJ. Electrophysiologic and anatomic characterization ofsites resistant to electrical isolation during circumferential pulmonary veinablation for atrial fibrillation: a prospective study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol2007;18(12):1282-8.Kistler PM, Obeyesekere MN. Pharmacologic management of tachycardia.Aust Fam Physician 2007;36(7):500-5.Kistler PM, Schilling RJ, Rajappan K, Sporton SC. Image integrationfor atrial fibrillation ablation--pearls and pitfalls. Heart Rhythm2007;4(9):1216-21.Knight B, Akhurst B, Matthews VB, Ruddell RG, Ramm GA, Abraham LJ,Olynyk JK, Yeoh GC. Attenuated liver progenitor (oval) cell and fibrogenicresponses to the choline deficient, ethionine supplemented diet in theBALB/c inbred strain of mice. J Hepatol 2007;46(1):134-41.Kockro RA, Stadie A, Schwandt E, Reisch R, Charalampaki C, Ng I,Yeo TT, Hwang P, Serra L, Perneczky A. A collaborative virtual realityenvironment for neurosurgical planning and training. Neurosurgery2007;61(5 Suppl 2):379-91.Kogevinas M, Zock JP, Jarvis D, Kromhout H, Lillienberg L, Plana E,Radon K, Toren K, Alliksoo A, Benke G, Blanc PD, Dahlman-HoglundA, D’Errico A, Hery M, Kennedy S, et al. Exposure to substances in theworkplace and new-onset asthma: an international prospective populationbasedstudy (ECRHS-II). Lancet 2007;370(9584):336-41.Komesaroff PA, Thomas S. Combating the obesity epidemic: culturalproblems demand cultural solutions. Intern Med J 2007;37(5):287-9.Konstantakopoulos N, Larsen MR, Campbell IG, Quinn MA, BakerMS, Georgiou HM, Rice GE. Genistein induces proteomic changes inthe human endometrial carcinoma cell line, Ishikawa. Clin Proteomics2007;2:153-67.Krum H, Ashton E, Reid C, Kalff V, Rogers J, Amarena J, Singh B, TonkinA. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of high-dose HMGCoA reductase inhibitor therapy on ventricular remodeling, pro-inflammatorycytokines and neurohormonal parameters in patients with chronic systolicheart failure. J Card Fail 2007;13(1):1-7.Krum H, Bailey M, Meyer W, Verkenne P, Dargie H, Lechat P, AnkerS. Impact of statin therapy on clinical outcomes in chronic heart failurepatients according to beta-blocker use: results of CIBIS II. Cardiology2007;108(1):28-34.Krum H, Gilbert RE. Novel therapies blocking the renin-angiotensinaldosteronesystem in the management of hypertension and relateddisorders. J Hypertens 2007;25(1):25-35.PUBLICATIONS 103

Krum H, Kemp W. Therapeutic potential of blockade of the urotensin IIsystem in systemic hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2007;9(1):53-8.Kuang Z, Yao S, McNeil KA, Thompson JA, Bach LA, Forbes BE, WallaceJC, Norton RS. Cooperativity of the N- and C-terminal domains of insulinlikegrowth factor (IGF) binding protein 2 in IGF binding. Biochemistry2007;46(48):13720-32.Kulkarni J. Depression as a side effect of the contraceptive pill. Expert OpinDrug Saf 2007;6(4):371-4.Kulkarni J, de Castella AR, Filia KM, Filia SL, Marston N, MontgomeryW, Christova L, Fitzgerald PB. Australian Schizophrenia Care andAssessment Programme: real-world schizophrenia: outcomes. Aust N Z JPsychiatry 2007;41(12):969-79.Kulkarni S, Woollard KJ, Thomas S, Oxley D, Jackson SP. Conversion ofplatelets from a proaggregatory to a proinflammatory adhesive phenotype:role of PAF in spatially regulating neutrophil adhesion and spreading. Blood2007;110(6):1879-86.Kumaran R, Kingsbury A, Coulter I, Lashley T, Williams D, de Silva R,Mann D, Revesz T, Lees A, Bandopadhyay R. DJ-1 (PARK7) is associatedwith 3R and 4R tau neuronal and glial inclusions in neurodegenerativedisorders. Neurobiol Dis 2007;28(1):122-32.Labattaglia MP, Cameron PA, Santamaria M, Varma D, Thomson K,Bailey M, Kossmann T. Clinical outcomes of magnetic resonance imagingin blunt cervical trauma. Emerg Med Australas 2007;19(3):253-61.Lacey C, Ellen S, Devlin H, Wright E, Mijch A. Hepatitis C in psychiatryinpatients: testing rates, prevalence and risk behaviours. Australas Psychiatry2007;15(4):315-9.Lactic Acidosis International Study Group. Risk factors for lacticacidosis and severe hyperlactataemia in HIV-1-infected adults exposed toantiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2007;21(18):2455-64.Lalani T, Person AK, Hedayati SS, Moore L, Murdoch DR, et al;International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged; Database StudyGroup. Propionibacterium endocarditis: a case series from the InternationalCollaboration on Endocarditis Merged Database and Prospective CohortStudy. Scand J Infect Dis 2007;39(10):840-8.Lambers Heerspink HJ, Fowler MJ, Volgi J, Reutens AT, Klein I,Herskovits TA, Packham DK, Fraser IR, Schwartz SL, Abaterusso C,Lewis J; Collaborative Study Group. Rationale for and study designof the sulodexide trials in Type 2 diabetic, hypertensive patients withmicroalbuminuria or overt nephropathy. Diabet Med 2007;24(11):1290-5.Lambert E, Dawood T, Esler M, Barton D, Eikelis N, Bayles R, Lambert G.Psychological stress and the development of heart disease. Curr PsychiatryRev 2007;3(4):252-8.Lambert E, Straznicky N, Eikelis N, Esler M, Dawood T, Masuo K,Schlaich M, Lambert G. Gender differences in sympathetic nervousactivity: influence of body mass and blood pressure. J Hypertens2007;25(7):1411-9.Lambert E, Straznicky N, Schlaich M, Esler M, Dawood T, Hotchkin E,Lambert G. Differing pattern of sympathoexcitation in normal-weight andobesity-related hypertension. Hypertension 2007;50(5):862-8.Lambert GW, Schlaich MP, Esler MD. Brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) release from the human brain in patients with Type 2 diabetespossibleinfluence of venous anatomy and comorbid major depressivedisorder. Diabetologia 2007;50(9):2027-8.Lancsar EJ, Hall JP, King M, Kenny P, Louviere JJ, Fiebig DG, HossainI, Thien FC, Reddel HK, Jenkins CR. Using discrete choice experimentsto investigate subject preferences for preventive asthma medication.Respirology 2007;12(1):127-36.Langenbach SY, Wheaton BJ, Fernandes DJ, Jones C, Sutherland TE,Wraith BC, Harris T, Schuliga MJ, McLean C, Stewart AG. Resistanceof fibrogenic responses to glucocorticoid and 2-methoxyestradiolin bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol2007;85(7):727-38.Lappas M, Permezel M, Holdsworth SJ, Zanoni G, Porta A, Rice GE.Antiinflammatory effects of the cyclopentenone isoprostane 15-A 2-IsoP inhuman gestational tissues. Free Radic Biol Med 2007;42(12):1791-6.Lappas M, Permezel M, Rice GE. Advanced glycation endproductsmediate pro-inflammatory actions in human gestational tissues via nuclearfactor-κB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. J Endocrinol2007;193(2):269-77.Lappas M, Permezel M, Rice GE. Mitogen-activated protein kinaseproteins regulate LPS-stimulated release of pro-inflammatory cytokinesand prostaglandins from human gestational tissues. Placenta 2007;28(8-9):936-45.Lappas M, Rice GE. The role and regulation of the nuclear factor kappa Bsignalling pathway in human labour. Placenta 2007;28(5-6):543-56.Lassila M, Fukami K, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Semple T, Carmeliet P,Cooper ME, Kitching AR. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 production ispathogenetic in experimental murine diabetic renal disease. Diabetologia2007;50(6):1315-26.Lau GK, Cooksley H, Ribeiro RM, Powers KA, Shudo E, Bowden S, HuiCK, Anderson J, Sorbel J, Mondou E, Rousseau F, Lewin S, PerelsonAS, Locornini S, Naoumov NV. Impact of early viral kinetics on T-cellreactivity during antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B. Antivir Ther2007;12(5):705-18.Laycock R, Crewther DP, Fitzgerald PB, Crewther SG. Evidence for fastsignals and later processing in human V1/V2 and V5/MT+: a TMS study ofmotion perception. J Neurophysiol 2007;98(3):1253-62.Lazzarin A, Campbell T, Clotet B, Johnson M, Katlama C, Moll A, TownerW, Trottier B, Peeters M, Vingerhoets J, de Smedt G, Baeten B, Beets G,Sinha R, Woodfall B; DUET-2 study group. Efficacy and safety of TMC125(etravirine) in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients in DUET-2:24-week results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Lancet 2007;370(9581):39-48.Lee G. The development of a clinical internship model for a Masters NursePractitioner program. Aust Emerg Nurs J 2007;10(4):218.Lee G. A review of the literature on atrial fibrillation: rate reversion orcontrol? J Clin Nurs 2007;16(1):77-83.Lee G, Carrington M. Tackling heart disease and poverty. Nurs Health Sci2007;9(4):290-4.Lee G, Jennings N, Bailey M. An exploration of staff knowledge on thenurse practitioner’s role in the emergency department. Accid Emerg Nurs2007;15(2):79-87.Lee G, Stevenson V. An evaluation of a hospital based program for GeneralPractice nurses in Australia. Aust Diab Educator 2007;10(3):8-12.Lee GA, Haden K. An audit of practice of rehydration in children withgastroenteritis under three years in an Emergency Department. Aust EmergNurs J 2007;10(3):110-6.Leeansyah E, Wines BD, Crowe SM, Jaworowski A. The mechanismunderlying defective Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis by HIV-1-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages. J Immunol 2007;178(2):1096-104.Lenon GB, Li CG, Xue CC, Thien FC, Story DF. Inhibition of release ofvasoactive and inflammatory mediators in airway and vascular tissues andmacrophages by a chinese herbal medicine formula for allergic rhinitis. EvidBased Complement Alternat Med 2007;4(2):209-17.Lenon GB, Xue CC, Story DF, Thien FC, McPhee S, Li CG. Inhibitionof release of inflammatory mediators in primary and cultured cells by aChinese herbal medicine formula for allergic rhinitis. Chin Med 2007;2:2.Lerner EB, O’Connor RE, Schwartz R, Brinsfield K, Ashkenazi I, DegutisLC, Dionne JP, Hines S, Hunter S, O’Reilly G, Sattin RW. Blast-relatedinjuries from terrorism: an international perspective. Prehosp Emerg Care2007;11(2):137-53.Lessard SJ, Rivas DA, Chen ZP, Bonen A, Febbraio MA, ReederDW, Kemp BE, Yaspelkis BB 3rd, Hawley JA. Tissue-specific effectsof rosiglitazone and exercise in the treatment of lipid-induced insulinresistance. Diabetes 2007;56(7):1856-64.Levinson AJ, Young LT, Fitzgerald PB, Daskalakis ZJ. Cortical inhibitorydysfunction in bipolar disorder: a study using transcranial magneticstimulation. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007;27(5):493-7.Lewis P, Stefanovic N, Pete J, Calkin AC, Giunti S, Thallas-BonkeV, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Allen TJ, Kola I, Cooper ME, de Haan JB.Lack of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1 acceleratesatherosclerosis in diabetic apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. Circulation2007;115(16):2178-87.Lewis PM, Smielewski P, Pickard JD, Czosnyka M. Dynamic cerebralautoregulation: should intracranial pressure be taken into account? ActaNeurochir 2007;149(6):549-55.Li H, Liu JP. Mechanisms of action of TGF-β in cancer: evidence for Smad3as a repressor of the hTERT gene. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1114:56-68.Li J, Nation RL, Owen RJ, Wong S, Spelman D, Franklin C. Antibiogramsof multidrug-resistant clinical Acinetobacter baumannii: promising therapeuticoptions for treatment of infection with colistin-resistant strains. Clin Infect Dis2007;45(5):594-8.Li QX, Mok SS, Laughton KM, McLean CA, Cappai R, Masters CL,Culvenor JG, Horne MK. Plasma α-synuclein is decreased in subjects withParkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2007;204(2):583-8.Li S, Jones KL, Woollard DJ, Dromey J, Paukovics G, PlebanskiM, Gowans EJ. Defining target antigens for CD25 + FOXP3 + IFN-γ -regulatory T cells in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Immunol Cell Biol2007;85(3):197-204.104 PUBLICATIONS

Li S, Rolland JM, Paukovics G, Douglass JA, Baxter L, Deckert K,Suphioglu C, Weiner JM, O’Hehir RE. Induction of “regulatory” T cells byCynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) specific allergen immunotherapy. AllergyClin Immunol Int: J World Allergy Org 2007;Suppl 2.Liew R, Rajappan K, Gupta D, Kistler P, Schilling R. Percutaneousepicardial ablation reverses ventricular tachycardia mediatedcardiomyopathy. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2007;18(3):265-7.Lim CC, Petersen ET, Ng I, Hwang PY, Hui F, Golay X. MR regionalperfusion imaging: visualizing functional collateral circulation. Am JNeuroradiol 2007;28(3):447-8.Lim HK, Anderson J, Leong JY, Pepe S, Salamonsen RF, Rosenfeldt FL.What is the role of leukocyte depletion in cardiac surgery? Heart Lung Circ2007;16(4):243-53.Lim K, Salamonsen R, Anderson J, Pepe S, Leong JY, Rosenfeldt F.Response to letter to the editor. Heart Lung Circ 2007;16(5):399-400.Lim L, Chao M, Shapiro J, Millar JL, Kipp D, Rezo A, Fong A, JonesIT, McLaughlin S, Gibbs P. Long-term outcomes of patients withlocalized rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation or radiotherapy alonebecause of medical inoperability or patient refusal. Dis Colon Rectum2007;50(12):2032-9.Lim M, Sundaram K, Aitken C, Hellard M. Blood-borne viruses and riskbehaviours among injecting drug users recruited from needle and syringeprograms in Victoria’s eastern metropolitan region. Aust J Primary Health2007;13(3):69-76.Lim MS, Hellard ME, Aitken CK, Hocking JS. Sexual-risk behaviour, selfperceivedrisk and knowledge of sexually transmissible infections amongyoung Australians attending a music festival. Sex Health 2007;4(1):51-6.Lim R, Ahmed N, Borregaard N, Riley C, Wafai R, Thompson EW, QuinnMA, Rice GE. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) an earlyscreeningbiomarker for ovarian cancer: NGAL is associated with epidermalgrowth factor-induced epithelio-mesenchymal transition. Int J Cancer2007;120(11):2426-34.Lindemann RK, Newbold A, Whitecross KF, Cluse LA, Frew AJ, EllisL, Williams S, Wiegmans AP, Dear AE, Scott CL, Pellegrini M, Wei A,Richon VM, Marks PA, Lowe SW, Smyth MJ, Johnstone RW. Analysisof the apoptotic and therapeutic activities of histone deacetylase inhibitorsby using a mouse model of B cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2007;104(19):8071-6.Linwood R, Day G, FitzGerald G, Oldenburg B. Quality improvement andparamedic care: what does the literature reveal for pre-hospital emergencycare in Australia? Int J Heath Care Qual Assur 2007;20(5):405-15.Little PJ, Ballinger ML, Osman N. Vascular wall proteoglycan synthesisand structure as a target for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Vasc HealthRisk Manag 2007;3(1):117-24.Little PJ, Osman N, de Dios ST, Cemerlang N, Ballinger M, Nigro J. Antiproliferativeactivity of oral anti hyperglycemic agents on human vascularsmooth muscle cells: thiazolidinediones (glitazones) have enhancedactivity under high glucose conditions. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2007;6(1):33.Liu J, Fitzgerald ME, Berndt MC, Jackson CW, Gartner TK. Response:establishing the physiological significance in vivo answers the challengeof unraveling the details of GPIb-initiated signal transduction. Blood2007;109(2):847-8.Liu W, Kelly JW, Trivett M, Murray WK, Dowling JP, Wolfe R, MasonG, Magee J, Angel C, Dobrovic A, McArthur GA. Distinct clinical andpathological features are associated with the BRAF(T1799A(V600E))mutation in primary melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2007;127(4):900-5.Lloyd AR, Jagger E, Post JJ, Crooks LA, Rawlinson WD, Hahn YS,Ffrench RA. Host and viral factors in the immunopathogenesis of primaryhepatitis C virus infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2007;85(1):24-32.Lo CH, Spelman D, Bailey M, Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld JV, Brecknell JE.External ventricular drain infections are independent of drain duration: anargument against elective revision. J Neurosurg 2007;106(3):378-83.Lorbach ER, Webster KE, Menz HB, Wittwer JE, Merory JR. Physiologicalfalls risk assessment in older people with Alzheimer’s disease. DementGeriatr Cogn Disord 2007;24(4):260-5.Lowe AJ, Abramson MJ, Hosking CS, Carlin JB, Bennett CM, DharmageSC, Hill DJ. The temporal sequence of allergic sensitization and onset ofinfantile eczema. Clin Exp Allergy 2007;37(4):536-42.Lowe AJ, Hosking CS, Bennett CM, Carlin JB, Abramson MJ, Hill DJ,Dharmage SC. Skin prick test can identify eczematous infants at risk ofasthma and allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2007;37(11):1624-31.Lundgren CI, Stalberg P, Grodski S, Sidhu S, Sywak M, Delbridge L.Minimally invasive thyroid surgery for diagnostic excision of solitary thyroidnodules. Asian J Surg 2007;30(4):250-4.Lynagh M, Burton R, Sanson-Fisher R. A systematic review ofmedical skills laboratory training: where to from here? Med Educ2007;41(9):879-87.Lyon SM. How I do it: flow-limiting stent for intractable encephalopathyfollowing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Australas Radiol2007;51(6):564-6.Ma FY, Flanc RS, Tesch GH, Han Y, Atkins RC, Bennett BL, Friedman GC,Fan JH, Nikolic-Paterson DJ. A pathogenic role for c-Jun amino-terminalkinase signaling in renal fibrosis and tubular cell apoptosis. J Am SocNephrol 2007;18(2):472-84.MacDougall L, Kidd SE, Galanis E, Mak S, Leslie MJ, Cieslak PR,Kronstad JW, Morshed MG, Bartlett KH. Spread of Cryptococcus gattii inBritish Columbia, Canada, and detection in the Pacific Northwest, USA.Emerg Infect Dis 2007;13(1):42-50.MacFarlane E, Benke G, Goddard D, Sim M. Urban pest control operatorsin Australia. Occup Environ Med 2007;64(6):422-7.MacIsaac RJ, Tsalamandris C, Thomas MC, Premaratne E,Panagiotopoulos S, Smith TJ, Poon A, Jenkins MA, Ratnaike SI, PowerDA, Jerums G. The accuracy of cystatin C and commonly used creatininebasedmethods for detecting moderate and mild chronic kidney disease indiabetes. Diabet Med 2007;24(4):443-8.Mackenzie CF, Xiao Y, Hu FM, Seagull FJ, Fitzgerald M. Video as a toolfor improving tracheal intubation tasks for emergency medical and traumacare. Ann Emerg Med 2007;50(4):436-42.Macmanus M, D’Costa I, Everitt S, Andrews J, Ackerly T, Binns D,Lau E, Ball D, Weih L, Hicks RJ. Comparison of CT and positronemission tomography/CT coregistered images in planning radicalradiotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Australas Radiol2007;51(4):386-93.Maduwegedera D, Kett MM, Flower RL, Lambert GW, Bertram JF,Wintour EM, Denton KM. Sex differences in postnatal growthand renal development in offspring of rabbit mothers with chronicsecondary hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol2007;292(2):R706-14.Magliano DJ, Polkinghorne KR, Barr EL, Su Q, Chadban SJ, Zimmet PZ,Shaw JE, Atkins RC. HPLC-detected albuminuria predicts mortality. J AmSoc Nephrol 2007;18(12):3171-6.Maher L, Tachedjian G, Hoy JF, Millwood I, Guy RJ, Walsh NM,Zaunders JJ, Jaworowski A, Kaldor JM. 4th International AIDS SocietyConference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. Med J Aust2007;187(11-12):610-2.Maier AG, Rug M, O’Neill MT, Beeson JG, Marti M, Reeder J, CowmanAF. Skeleton-binding protein 1 functions at the parasitophorous vacuolemembrane to traffic PfEMP1 to the Plasmodium falciparum-infectederythrocyte surface. Blood 2007;109(3):1289-97.Malagutti N, Karantonis DM, Cloherty SL, Ayre PJ, Mason DG,Salamonsen RF, Lovell NH. Noninvasive average flow estimation for animplantable rotary blood pump: a new algorithm incorporating the role ofblood viscosity. Artif Organs 2007;31(1):45-52.Maller JJ, Daskalakis ZJ, Fitzgerald PB. Hippocampal volumetricsin depression: the importance of the posterior tail. Hippocampus2007;17(11):1023-7.Malliaras P, Cook JL, Kent PM. Anthropometric risk factors for patellar tendoninjury among volleyball players. Br J Sports Med 2007;41(4):259-63.Man CY, Cheung IT, Cameron PA, Rainer TH. Comparison of oralprednisolone/paracetamol and oral indomethacin/paracetamol combinationtherapy in the treatment of acute goutlike arthritis: a double-blind,randomized, controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med 2007;49(5):670-7.Mancia G, Bousquet P, Elghozi JL, Esler M, Grassi G, Julius S, ReidJ, Van Zwieten PA. The sympathetic nervous system and the metabolicsyndrome. J Hypertens 2007;25(5):909-20.Manley KJ, Fraenkel MB, Mayall BC, Power DA. Probiotic treatment ofvancomycin-resistant enterococci: a randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust2007;186(9):454-7.Maple-Brown L, Cunningham J, Celermajer DS, O’Dea K. Increasedcarotid intima-media thickness in remote and urban Indigenous Australians:impact of diabetes and components of the metabolic syndrome. ClinEndocrinol 2007;66(3):419-25.Maple-Brown LJ, Piers LS, O’Rourke MF, Celermajer DS, O’Dea K.Increased arterial stiffness in remote Indigenous Australians with high risk ofcardiovascular disease. J Hypertens 2007;25(3):585-91.Marasco SF. Surgical correction of posterior leaflet tethering in ischemicmitral regurgitation. J Cardiovasc Surg 2007;48(5):667-70.Marasco SF, Esmore DS, Richardson M, Bailey M, Negri J, Rowland M,Kaye D, Bergin PJ. Prolonged cardiac allograft ischemic time--no impacton long-term survival but at what cost? Clin Transplant 2007;21(3):321-9.PUBLICATIONS 105

Marasco SF, Lim HK. Ecstasy-associated pneumomediastinum. Ann R CollSurg Engl 2007;89(4):389-93.Marasco SF, Preovolos A, Lim K, Salamonsen RF. Thoracotomy in adultswhile on ECMO is associated with uncontrollable bleeding. Perfusion-UK2007;22(1):23-6.Marfurt J, Müeller I, Sie A, Maku P, Goroti M, Reeder JC, Beck HP,Genton B. Low efficacy of amodiaquine or chloroquine plus sulfadoxinepyrimethamineagainst Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria in PapuaNew Guinea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007;77(5):947-54.Marks GB, Abramson MJ, Jenkins CR, Kenny P, Mellis CM, Ruffin RE,Stosic R, Toelle BG, Wilson DH, Xuan W. Asthma management andoutcomes in Australia: a nation-wide telephone interview survey. Respirology2007;12(2):212-9.Marshall AP, Currey J, Aitken LM, Elliott D. Key stakeholders’expectations of educational outcomes from Australian critical care nursingcourses: a Delphi study. Aust Crit Care 2007;20(3):89-99.Marshall C, Richards M, Black J, Sinickas V, Dendle C, Korman T,Spelman D. A longitudinal study of Acinetobacter in three Australianhospitals. J Hosp Infect 2007;67(3):245-52.Marshall N, Maclaurin WA, Koulouris G. MRA captures vasospasm infatal migrainous infarction. Headache 2007;47(2):280-3.Martin AM, Almeida CA, Cameron P, Purcell AW, Nolan D, James I,McCluskey J, Phillips E, Landay A, Mallal S. Immune responses toabacavir in antigen-presenting cells from hypersensitive patients. AIDS2007;21(10):1233-44.Martin JH, Krum H. Statins and clinical outcomes in heart failure. Clin Sci2007;113(3):119-27.Martyn JC, Dong X, Holmes-Brown S, Pribul P, Li S, Drummer HE,Gowans EJ. Transient and stable expression of the HCV envelopeglycoproteins in cell lines and primary hepatocytes transduced with arecombinant baculovirus. Arch Virol 2007;152(2):329-43.Marwan K, Farmer KC, Varley C, Chapple KS. Pneumothorax,pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, pneumoretroperitoneum andsubcutaneous emphysema following diagnostic colonoscopy. Ann R CollSurg Engl 2007;89(5):W20-1.Masuo K, Katsuya T, Sugimoto K, Kawaguchi H, Rakugi H, OgiharaT, Tuck ML. High plasma norepinephrine levels associated with β2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms predict future renal damage in nonobesenormotensive individuals. Hypertens Res 2007;30(6):503-11.Materu S, Cox HS, Isaakidis P, Baruani B, Ogaro T, Caugant DA.Serogroup X in meningococcal disease, Western Kenya. Emerg Infect Dis2007;13(6):944-5.Matheson MC, Erbas B, Balasuriya A, Jenkins MA, Wharton CL, TangML, Abramson MJ, Walters EH, Hopper JL, Dharmage SC. Breast-feedingand atopic disease: a cohort study from childhood to middle age. J AllergyClin Immunol 2007;120(5):1051-7.Matheson MC, Raven J, Johns DP, Abramson MJ, Walters EH.Associations between reduced diffusing capacity and airflow obstruction incommunity-based subjects. Respir Med 2007;101(8):1730-7.Mathew TH, Johnson DW, Jones GR; Australasian Creatinine ConsensusWorking Group. Chronic kidney disease and automatic reporting ofestimated glomerular filtration rate: revised recommendations. Med J Aust2007;187(8):459-63.Mathias JL, Bowden SC, Bigler ED, Rosenfeld JV. Is performance on theWechsler test of adult reading affected by traumatic brain injury? Br J ClinPsychol 2007;46(Pt 4):457-66.Matthews GV, Hellard M, Kaldor J, Lloyd A, Dore GJ. Further evidence ofHCV sexual transmission among HIV-positive men who have sex with men:response to Danta et al. AIDS 2007;21(15):2112-3.Maxwell MJ, Westein E, Nesbitt WS, Giuliano S, Dopheide SM, JacksonSP. Identification of a 2-stage platelet aggregation process mediating sheardependentthrombus formation. Blood 2007;109(2):566-76.Mayorov DN. Brain angiotensin and cardiovascular reactivity to negativeand positive emotional stress. Curr Hypertens Rev 2007;3(2):105-17.Mayorov DN. Brain superoxide as a key regulator of the cardiovascularresponse to emotional stress in rabbits. Exp Physiol 2007;92(3):471-9.Mayorov DN. ERK1/2 as a molecular switch for the initiation oflong-term pressor response to central angiotensin II. J Hypertens2007;25(9):1788-90.Mayorov DN. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition in rostral ventrolateral medullaattenuates pressor response to psychological stress in rabbits. Neurosci Lett2007;424(2):89-93.McAinch AJ, Steinberg GR, Mollica J, O’Brien PE, Dixon JB, KempBE, Cameron-Smith D. Leptin stimulation of COXIV is impaired in obeseskeletal muscle myotubes. Obes Res Clin Pract 2007;1(1):53-60.McCaffrey K, Boo I, Poumbourios P, Drummer HE. Expression andcharacterization of a minimal hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 core domainthat retains CD81 binding. J Virol 2007;81(17):9584-90.McCauley-Elsom K, Kulkarni J. Managing psychosis in pregnancy. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 2007;41(3):289-92.McConell GK, Bradley SJ, Stephens TJ, Canny BJ, Kingwell BA, Lee-Young RS. Skeletal muscle nNOSm protein content is increased by exercisetraining in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007;293(2):R821-8.McCrory P, Zazryn T, Cameron P. The evidence for chronic traumaticencephalopathy in boxing. Sports Med 2007;37(6):467-76.McDermott FT, Cordner SM, Cooper DJ, Winship VC; ConsultativeCommittee on Road Traffic Fatalities in Victoria. Managementdeficiencies and death preventability of road traffic fatalities beforeand after a new trauma care system in Victoria, Australia. J Trauma2007;63(2):331-8.McDonald M, Brown A, Edwards T, Hope A, Amu M, Morey F, Currie BJ,Carapetis JR. Apparent contrasting rates of pharyngitis and pyoderma inregions where rheumatic heart disease is highly prevalent. Heart Lung Circ2007;16(4):254-9.McGartland M, Selzer R, Prahran SE. Supporting the front line: thedevelopment of a consultation liaison psychiatry model in primary healthcare. Australas Psychiatry 2007;15(6):513.McLean C, Adlington H, Houshian S. Paediatric forearm refractureswith retained plates managed with flexible intramedullary nails. Injury2007;38(8):926-30.McLean CA, Stoner BP, Workowski KA. Treatment of lymphogranulomavenereum. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44(Suppl 3):S147-52.McLean K, D’Cruz K. Environments that facilitated learning about personalcapacities helped adults with an acquired brain injury to successfully returnto productive activities. Aust Occ Ther J 2007;54(2):160-1.McLennan PL, Owen AJ, Slee EL, Theiss ML. Myocardial function,ischaemia and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a membrane basis. JCardiovasc Med 2007;8 Suppl 1:S15-8.McMullen JR, Amirahmadi F, Woodcock EA, Schinke-Braun M, BouwmanRD, Hewitt KA, Mollica JP, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Shioi T, Buerger A, IzumoS, Jay PY, Jennings GL. Protective effects of exercise and phosphoinositide3-kinase(p110α) signaling in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104(2):612-7.McMullen JR, Jay PY. PI3K(p110α) inhibitors as anti-cancer agents:minding the heart. Cell Cycle 2007;6(8):910-3.McMullen JR, Jennings GL. Differences between pathological andphysiological cardiac hypertrophy: novel therapeutic strategies to treat heartfailure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007;34(4):255-62.McMurray JJ, Teerlink JR, Cotter G, Bourge RC, Cleland JG, JondeauG, Krum H, Metra M, O’Connor CM, Parker JD, Torre-Amione G,van Veldhuisen DJ, Lewsey J, Frey A, Rainisio M, Kobrin I; VERITASInvestigators. Effects of tezosentan on symptoms and clinical outcomes inpatients with acute heart failure: the VERITAS randomized controlled trials.JAMA 2007;298(17):2009-19.McNicol L, Story DA, Leslie K, Myles PS, Fink M, Shelton AC, ClavisiO, Poustie SJ. Postoperative complications and mortality in older patientshaving non-cardiac surgery at three Melbourne teaching hospitals. Med JAust 2007;186(9):447-52.Meadows GN, Harvey CA, Joubert L, Barton D, Bedi G. Best practices:the consultation-liaison in primary-care psychiatry program: a structuredapproach to long-term collaboration. Psychiatr Serv 2007;58(8):1036-8.Medcalf RL. Fibrinolysis, inflammation, and regulation of the plasminogenactivating system. J Thromb Haemost 2007;5 (Suppl 1):132-42.Menz HB, Munteanu SE, Landorf KB, Zammit GV, Cicuttini FM.Radiographic classification of osteoarthritis in commonly affected joints ofthe foot. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007;15(11):1333-8.Michon P, Cole-Tobian JL, Dabod E, Schoepflin S, Igu J, Susapu M,Tarongka N, Zimmerman PA, Reeder JC, Beeson JG, Schofield L, KingCL, Mueller I. The risk of malarial infections and disease in Papua NewGuinean children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007;76(6):997-1008.Milland J, Yuriev E, Xing PX, McKenzie IF, Ramsland PA, Sandrin MS.Carbohydrate residues downstream of the terminal Galα(1,3)Gal epitopemodulate the specificity of xenoreactive antibodies. Immunol Cell Biol2007;85(8):623-32.Millar JL, Snow R, Royce P. Five-year outcomes after prostate seedimplants for prostate cancer in Australia. Brachytherapy 2007;6(2):107-8.Milton AH, Smith W, Dear K, Ng J, Sim M, Ranmuthugala G, LokugeK, Caldwell B, Rahman A, Rahman H, Shraim A, Huang D, ShahidullahSM. A randomised intervention trial to assess two arsenic mitigationoptions in Bangladesh. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng2007;42(12):1897-908.106 PUBLICATIONS

Minigo G, Scalzo K, Flanagan KL, Plebanski M. Predictingmemory: a prospective readout for malaria vaccines? Trends Parasitol2007;23(8):341-3.Minigo G, Scholzen A, Tang CK, Hanley JC, Kalkanidis M, PieterszGA, Apostolopoulos V, Plebanski M. Poly-l-lysine-coated nanoparticles:a potent delivery system to enhance DNA vaccine efficacy. Vaccine2007;25(7):1316-27.Mirabelli MC, Zock JP, Plana E, Antó JM, Benke G, Blanc PD, Dahlman-Höglund A, Jarvis DL, Kromhout H, Lillienberg L, Norbäck D, OlivieriM, Radon K, Sunyer J, Torén K, van Sprundel M, Villani S, KogevinasM. Occupational risk factors for asthma among nurses and relatedhealthcare professionals in an international study. Occup Environ Med2007;64(7):474-9.Mirabelli MC, Zock JP, Plana E, Benke G, Kromhout H, Norbäck D,Olivieri M, Radon K, Villani S, Kogevinas M. Employment status and useof respiratory protection among metalworkers, solderers and welders. OccupEnviron Med 2007;64(8):548-52.Mitra B, Cameron P, Butt W. Population-based study of paediatric headinjury. J Paediatr Child Health 2007;43(3):154-9.Mitra B, Cameron PA, Gabbe BJ. Ladders revisited. Med J Aust2007;186(1):31-4.Mitra B, Gocentas R, O’Reilly G, Cameron PA, Atkin C. Management ofhaemodynamically stable patients with abdominal stab wounds. EmergMed Australas 2007;19(3):269-75.Mitra B, Mori A, Cameron PA, Fitzgerald M, Street A, Bailey M. Massiveblood transfusion and trauma resuscitation. Injury 2007;38(9):1023-9.Möller B, Light GA, Fitzgerald PB, Snyder JS, Chen R, Daskalakis ZJ.Relationship between P50 suppression and the cortical silent period.Neuroreport 2007;18(14):1503-6.Moore XL, Tan SL, Lo CY, Fang L, Su YD, Gao XM, Woodcock EA,Summers RJ, Tregear GW, Bathgate RA, Du XJ. Relaxin antagonizeshypertrophy and apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Endocrinology2007;148(4):1582-9.Morganti-Kossmann MC, Satgunaseelan L, Bye N, Kossmann T. Modulationof immune response by head injury. Injury 2007;38(12):1392-400.Morrissey CO, Slavin MA, O’Reilly MA, Daffy JR, Seymour JF, SchwarerAP, Szer J. Caspofungin as salvage monotherapy for invasive aspergillosisin patients with haematological malignancies or following allogeneic stemcell transplantation: efficacy and concomitant cyclosporin A. Mycoses2007;50(s1):24–37.Mortensen OS, Bjorner JB, Newman B, Oldenburg B, Groenvold M,Madsen JK, Andersen HR; DANAMI-2 Study Group. Gender differencesin health-related quality of life following ST-elevation myocardialinfarction: women and men do not benefit from primary percutaneouscoronary intervention to the same degree. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil2007;14(1):37-43.Mottram PL, Leong D, Crimeen-Irwin B, Gloster S, Xiang SD, MeangerJ, Ghildyal R, Vardaxis N, Plebanski M. Type 1 and 2 immunity followingvaccination is influenced by nanoparticle size: formulation of a modelvaccine for respiratory syncytial virus. Mol Pharmacol 2007;4(1):73-84.Mount PF, Kemp BE, Power DA. Regulation of endothelial and myocardialNO synthesis by multi-site eNOS phosphorylation. J Mol Cell Cardiol2007;42(2):271-9.Mueller I, Zimmerman PA, Reeder JC. Plasmodium malariae andPlasmodium ovale--the “bashful” malaria parasites. Trends Parasitol2007;23(6):278-83.Mukhamedova N, Fu Y, Bukrinsky M, Remaley AT, Sviridov D. The role ofdifferent regions of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in cholesterol efflux.Biochemistry 2007;46(33):9388-98.Murphy A, White A, Nair R, Kingwell B, Duffy S, Chin-Dusting J,Woollard K. C-reactive protein and FcγRIIa functional polymorphisms arenot associated with clinical presentation of stable and unstable angina.Thromb Haemost 2007;97(4):681-2.Murphy NF, Simpson CR, Jhund PS, Stewart S, Kirkpatrick M, ChalmersJ, MacIntyre K, McMurray JJV. A national survey of the prevalence,incidence and primary care burden and treatment of atrial fibrillation inScotland. Heart 2007;93(5):606-12.Murray KJ, Hill KD, Phillips B, Waterston J. The influence of otolithdysfunction on the clinical presentation of people with a peripheralvestibular disorder. Phys Ther 2007;87(2):143-52.Murta SG, Sanderson K, Oldenburg B. Process evaluation in occupationalstress management programs: a systematic review. Am J Health Promot2007;21(4):248-54.Myles PS, Cui J. Using the Bland-Altman method to measure agreementwith repeated measures. Br J Anaesth 2007;99(3):309-11.Myles PS, Esmore DS. Intraoperative coronary thrombosis with aprotinin inthe prebypass period. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2007;21(4):558-60.Myles PS, Leslie K, Chan MT, Forbes A, Paech MJ, Peyton P, Silbert BS,Pascoe E; ENIGMA Trial Group. Avoidance of nitrous oxide for patientsundergoing major surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology2007;107(2):221-31.Myles PS, Snell GI, Westall GP. Lung transplantation. Curr OpinAnaesthesiol 2007;20(1):21-6.Nakajima K, Dharmage SC, Carlin JB, Wharton CL, Jenkins MA,Giles GG, Abramson MJ, Haydn Walters E, Hopper JL. Is childhoodimmunisation associated with atopic disease from age 7 to 32 years?Thorax 2007;62(3):270-5.Naredi S, Lambert G, Friberg P. Authors’ reply to the comment by Kox et al.Intensive Care Med 2007;33(7):1304.Nestel P. Nutritional evidence still lacks consistency. Curr Opin Lipidol2007;18(1):1-2.Nestel P, Fujii A, Zhang L. An isoflavone metabolite reduces arterialstiffness and blood pressure in overweight men and postmenopausalwomen. Atherosclerosis 2007;192(1):184-9.Nestel P, Lyu R, Low LP, Sheu WH, Nitiyanant W, Saito I, Tan CE.Metabolic syndrome: recent prevalence in East and Southeast Asianpopulations. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2007;16(2):362-7.New PW, Epi MC. Influence of age and gender on rehabilitation outcomesin nontraumatic spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2007;30(3):225-37.Newton F, Burney S, Frydenberg M, Millar J, Ng K. Assessing mood andgeneral health-related quality of life among men treated in Australia forlocalized prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2007;14(4):311-6.Ng S, Villemagne VL, Berlangieri S, Lee ST, Cherk M, Gong SJ,Ackermann U, Saunder T, Tochon-Danguy H, Jones G, Smith C,O’Keefe G, Masters CL, Rowe CC. Visual assessment versus quantitativeassessment of 11C-PIB PET and 18F-FDG PET for detection of Alzheimer’sdisease. J Nucl Med 2007;48(4):547-52.Nguyen OK, Dore GJ, Kaldor JM, Hellard ME; ATAHC Protocol SteeringCommittee. Recruitment and follow-up of injecting drug users in the settingof early hepatitis C treatment: insights from the ATAHC study. Int J DrugPolicy 2007;18(5):447-51.Nichol A. High-frequency oscillation in acute respiratory distress syndrome:who rescues the rescuer? Crit Care Med 2007;35(6):1619-20.Nielsen HB, Febbraio MA, Ott P, Krustrup P, Secher NH. Hepatic lactateuptake versus leg lactate output during exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol2007;103(4):1227-33.Nielsen S, Dietze P, Dunlop A, Muhleisen P, Lee N, Taylor D.Buprenorphine supply by community pharmacists in Victoria, Australia:perceptions, experiences and key issues identified. Drug Alcohol Rev2007;26(2):143-51.Nielsen S, Dietze P, Lee N, Dunlop A, Taylor D. Concurrent buprenorphineand benzodiazepines use and self-reported opioid toxicity in opioidsubstitution treatment. Addiction 2007;102(4):616-22.Nijland EA, Weijmar Schultz WC, Davis SR. Effects of tibolone andraloxifene on health-related quality of life and sexual function. Maturitas2007;58(2):164-73.Nikfarjam M, Cuthbertson CM, Malcontenti-Wilson C, MuralidharanV, Millar I, Christophi C. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces severityand improves survival in severe acute pancreatitis. J Gastrointest Surg2007;11(8):1008-15.Nissley DV, Radzio J, Ambrose Z, Sheen CW, Hamamouch N, MooreKL, Tachedjian G, Sluis-Cremer N. Characterization of novel nonnucleosidereverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor resistance mutations atresidues 132 and 135 in the 51 kDa subunit of HIV-1 RT. Biochem J2007;404(1):151-7.Nolan RC, de Leon MP, Rolland JM, Loh RK, O’Hehir RE. What’s in akiss: peanut allergen transmission as a sensitizer? J Allergy Clin Immunol2007;119(3):755.O’Brien PE. The Lap-Band APTM system: the platform advances. BariatricTimes 2007;4(5):8-11.Obesity in Asia Collaboration, Huxley R, Barzi F, Lee CM, Lear S, ShawJ, Lam TH, Caterson I, Azizi F, Patel J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Oh SW,Kang JH, Gill T, Zimmet P, James PT, Woodward M. Waist circumferencethresholds provide an accurate and widely applicable method for thediscrimination of diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30(12):3116-8.O’Brien L. Achieving a successful and sustainable return to the workforceafter ABI: a client-centred approach. Brain Inj 2007;21(5):465-78.O’Brien L. Pre-vocational group intervention program for buildingmotivation in mature aged unemployed people with a disability. J Rehabil2007;73(1):22-8.PUBLICATIONS 107

O’Dea K, Rowley KG, Brown A. Diabetes in Indigenous Australians:possible ways forward. Med J Aust 2007;186(10):494-5.O’Donnell ML, Creamer M, Elliott P, Bryant R. Tonic and phasic heartrate as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychosom Med2007;69(3):256-61.O’Donnell ML, Elliott P, Lau W, Creamer M. PTSD symptom trajectories:from early to chronic response. Behav Res Ther 2007;45(3):601-6.O’Donnell ML, Elliott P, Wolfgang BJ, Creamer M. Posttraumaticappraisals in the development and persistence of posttraumatic stresssymptoms. J Trauma Stress 2007;20(2):173-82.O’Hehir RE, Douglass JA. Risk-minimisation strategies for peanut allergy.Lancet 2007;370(9586):483.O’Hehir RE, Sandrini A, Anderson GP, Rolland JM. Sublingual allergenimmunotherapy: immunological mechanisms and prospects for refinedvaccine preparation. Curr Med Chem 2007;14(21):2235-44.Oldmeadow LB, Bedi HS, Burch HT, Smith JS, Leahy ES, GoldwasserM. Experienced physiotherapists as gatekeepers to hospital orthopaedicoutpatient care. Med J Aust 2007;186(12):625-8.Ooi EM, Watts GF, Barrett PH, Chan DC, Clifton PM, Ji J, NestelPJ. Dietary plant sterols supplementation does not alter lipoproteinkinetics in men with the metabolic syndrome. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr2007;16(4):624-31.O’Reardon JP, Solvason HB, Janicak PG, Sampson S, Isenberg KE,Nahas Z, McDonald WM, Avery D, Fitzgerald PB, Loo C, Demitrack MA,George MS, Sackeim HA. Efficacy and safety of transcranial magneticstimulation in the acute treatment of major depression: a multisiterandomized controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 2007;62(11):1208-16.Orlowski RZ, Nagler A, Sonneveld P, Bladé J, Hajek R, Spencer A, SanMiguel J, Robak T, Dmoszynska A, Horvath N, Spicka I, Sutherland HJ,Suvorov AN, Zhuang SH, Parekh T, Xiu L, Yuan Z, Rackoff W, HarousseauJL. Randomized phase III study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin plusbortezomib compared with bortezomib alone in relapsed or refractorymultiple myeloma: combination therapy improves time to progression. JClin Oncol 2007;25(25):3892-901.Oro C, Qian H, Thomas WG. Type 1 angiotensin receptor pharmacology:signaling beyond G proteins. Pharmacol Ther 2007;113(1):210-226.Oto T, Levvey B, McEgan R, Davies A, Pilcher D, Williams T, Marasco S,Rosenfeldt F, Snell G. A practical approach to clinical lung transplantationfrom a Maastricht Category III donor with cardiac death. J Heart LungTransplant 2007;26(2):196-9.Oto T, Levvey BJ, Snell GI. Potential refinements of the International Societyfor Heart and Lung Transplantation primary graft dysfunction gradingsystem. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007;26(5):431-6.Oto T, Levvey BJ, Snell GI. The ISHLT primary graft dysfunction(PGD) grading system: time for refinement? J Heart Lung Transplant2007;26(2):S66.Oto T, Levvey BJ, Whitford H, Griffiths AP, Kotsimbos T, Williams TJ,Snell GI. Feasibility and utility of a lung donor score: correlation with earlypost-transplant outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg 2007;83(1):257-63.Oto T, Rowland M, Griffiths AP, Levvey BJ, Esmore DS, Williams TJ,Snell GI. Third-time lung transplant using extended criteria lungs. AnnThorac Surg 2007;84(2):642-4.Oto T, Venkatachalam R, Morsi YS, Marasco S, Pick A, RabinovM, Rosenfeldt F. A reinforced sternal wiring technique for transversethoracosternotomy closure in bilateral lung transplantation: frombiomechanical test to clinical application. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg2007;134(1):218-24.Ott C, Schwarz T, Hilgers KF, Kreutz R, Schlaich MP, Schmieder RE.Left-ventricular structure and function are influenced by angiotensinogengene polymorphism (-20 A/C) in young male patients. Am J Hypertens2007;20(9):974-80.Ott C, Titze SI, Schwarz TK, Kreutz R, Hilgers KF, Schmidt BM, SchlaichMP, Schmieder RE. High sodium intake modulates left ventricular massin patients with G expression of +1675 G/A angiotensin II receptor type 2gene. J Hypertens 2007;25(8):1627-32.Owen RJ, Li J, Nation RL, Spelman D. In vitro pharmacodynamics ofcolistin against Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. J AntimicrobChemother 2007;59(3):473-7.Owen SL, Green AL, Nandi DD, Bittar RG, Wang S, Aziz TZ. Deep brainstimulation for neuropathic pain. Acta Neurochir 2007;97(Pt 2):111-6.Pandian JD, Srikanth V, Read SJ, Thrift AG. Poverty and stroke in India: atime to act. Stroke 2007;38(11):3063-9.Panjari M, Davis SR. DHEA therapy for women: effect on sexual functionand wellbeing. Hum Reprod Update 2007;13(3):239-48.Parfitt JR, Marotta P, Alghamdi M, Wall W, Khakhar A, Suskin NG, QuanD,McAllister V, Ghent C, Levstik M, McLean C, Chakrabarti S, Garcia B,Driman DK. Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after transplantation: use ofa pathological score on explanted livers to predict recurrence. Liver Transpl2007;13(4):543-51.Pasa G, Oates J, Dacakis G. The relative effectiveness of vocal hygienetraining and vocal function exercises in preventing voice disorders inprimary school teachers. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol 2007;32(3):128-40.Patel A; ADVANCE Collaborative Group, MacMahon S, Chalmers J,Neal B, Woodward M, Billot L, Harrap S, Poulter N, Marre M, Cooper M,Glasziou P, Grobbee DE, Hamet P, Heller S, Liu LS, Mancia G, MogensenCE, Pan CY, Rodgers A, Williams B. Effects of a fixed combinationof perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascularoutcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): arandomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;370(9590):829-40.Paterson MA, Horvath AJ, Pike RN, Coughlin PB. Molecularcharacterization of centerin, a germinal centre cell serpin. Biochem J2007;405(3):489-94.Paul SL, Srikanth VK, Thrift AG. The large and growing burden of stroke.Curr Drug Targets 2007;8(7):786-93.Peacock AJ, Murphy NF, McMurray JJ, Caballero L, Stewart S. Anepidemiological study of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J2007;30(1):104-9.Pearce L, Fredericks BL. Establishing a community controlled multiinstitutionalcentre for clinical research excellence in Aboriginal and TorresStrait Islander health. Aust J Indigenous Ed 2007;36S:121-8.Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA. Point: interleukin-6 does have a beneficialrole in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. J Appl Physiol2007;102(2):814-6.Pedrana A, Aitken C, Higgs P, Hellard M. Risk behaviours and bloodborne virus exposure for transient workers in rural Victoria. Aust J RuralHealth 2007;16(3):143-9.Peeters A, O’Brien PE, Laurie C, Anderson M, Wolfe R, Flum D, MacInnisRJ, English DR, Dixon J. Substantial intentional weight loss and mortalityin the severely obese. Ann Surg 2007;246(6):1028-33.Peleg AY, MacLaren G, Hoy J. Acute pyelonephritis: management stepsthat remain unresolved. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45(9):1249.Pepe S. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and age-related membranechanges in the heart. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1114:381-8.Pepe S, Delbridge LM. Pacemaker cell and atrial function: unravelling howcalcium initiates and regulates the heart beat and how ionic dysfunction,‘channelopathies’ and other membrane remodelling contribute to atrialfibrillation. Heart Lung Circ 2007;16(5):331-4.Pepe S, Marasco SF, Haas SJ, Sheeran FL, Krum H, Rosenfeldt FL.Coenzyme Q 10in cardiovascular disease. Mitochondrion 2007;7 Suppl1:S154-67.Pepe S, McLennan PL. (n-3) Long chain PUFA dose-dependently increaseoxygen utilization efficiency and inhibit arrhythmias after saturated fatfeeding in rats. J Nutr 2007;137(11):2377-83.Peyton PJ, Chong M, Stuart-Andrews C, Robinson GJ, Pierce R,Thompson BR. Measurement of anesthetics in blood using a conventionalinfrared clinical gas analyzer. Anesth Analg 2007;105(3):680-7.Philip J, Gold M, Schwarz M, Komesaroff P. Anger in palliative care: aclinical approach. Intern Med J 2007;37(1):49-55.Phipps JA, Wilkinson-Berka JL, Fletcher EL. Retinal dysfunction indiabetic ren-2 rats is ameliorated by treatment with valsartan but notatenolol. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48(2):927-34.Phrommintikul A, Haas SJ, Elsik M, Krum H. Mortality and targethaemoglobin concentrations in anaemic patients with chronickidney disease treated with erythropoietin: a meta-analysis. Lancet2007;369(9559):381-8.Pianta M, Varma DK. Bilateral spontaneous adrenal haemorrhagecomplicating acute pancreatitis. Australas Radiol 2007;51(2):172-4.Pietersz GA. Enhanced immune responses to an adenovirus CEA vaccinein CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cell inactivated mice. Expert Rev Vaccines2007;6(1):21-3.Pilcher DV, Auzinger GM, Mitra B, Tuxen DV, Salamonsen RF, DaviesAR, Williams TJ, Snell GI. Predictors of independent lung ventilation:an analysis of 170 single-lung transplantations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg2007;133(4):1071-7.Pilcher DV, Duke GJ, George C, Bailey MJ, Hart G. After-hours dischargefrom intensive care increases the risk of readmission and death. AnaesthIntensive Care 2007;35(4):477-85.Polizzotto MN, Street AM, Wright E. The safety and efficacy of enfuvirtidetherapy for HIV infection in patients with hemophilia: a case series. ClinInfect Dis 2007;45(4):e39-41.108 PUBLICATIONS

Ponsford J, Whelan-Goodinson R, Bahar-Fuchs A. Alcohol and druguse following traumatic brain injury: a prospective study. Brain Inj2007;21(13):1385-92.Potocnik SJ, Jenkins N, Murphy TV, Hill MA. Membrane cholesteroldepletion with β-cyclodextrin impairs pressure-induced contraction andcalcium signalling in isolated skeletal muscle arterioles. J Vasc Res2007;44:292-302.Poumbourios P, Drummer HE. Recent advances in our understandingof receptor binding, viral fusion and cell entry of hepatitis C virus:new targets for the design of antiviral agents. Antivir Chem Chemother2007;18(4):169-89.Power R, Crofts N. Illicits in Asia-Pacific: Australia’s role. Of Substance2007;5(1):26-7.Power R, Langhaug L, Cowan F. “But there are no snakes in the wood”:risk mapping as an outcome measure in evaluating complex interventions.Sex Transm Infect 2007;83(3):232-6.Priestly BG, Di Marco P, Sim M, Moore MR, Langley A. Toxicology inAustralia: a key component of environmental health. J Toxicol Environ HealthA 2007;70(19):1578-83.Priestly BG, Harford AJ, Sim MR. Nanotechnology: a promising newtechnology--but how safe? Med J Aust 2007;186(4):187-8.Proudfoot O, Apostolopoulos V, Pietersz GA. Receptor-mediated deliveryof antigens to dendritic cells: anticancer applications. Mol Pharmacol2007;4(1):58-72.Proudfoot O, Pouniotis D, Sheng KC, Loveland BE, Pietersz GA. Dendriticcell vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2007;6(4):617-33.Racunica TL, Szramka M, Wluka AE, Wang Y, English DR, Giles GG,O’Sullivan R, Cicuttini FM. A positive association of smoking andarticular knee joint cartilage in healthy people. Osteoarthritis Cartilage2007;15(5):587-90.Racunica TL, Teichtahl AJ, Wang Y, Wluka AE, English DR, GilesGG, O’Sullivan R, Cicuttini FM. Effect of physical activity on articularknee joint structures in community-based adults. Arthritis Rheum2007;57(7):1261-8.Radi S, Ostry A, Lamontagne AD. Job stress and other working conditions:relationships with smoking behaviors in a representative sample of workingAustralians. Am J Ind Med 2007;50(8):584-96.Ramsland PA, Willoughby N, Trist HM, Farrugia W, Hogarth PM,Fraser JD, Wines BD. Structural basis for evasion of IgA immunity byStaphylococcus aureus revealed in the complex of SSL7 with Fc of humanIgA1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104(38):15051-6.Rancan M, Esser MP, Kossmann T. Irreducible traumatic obturator hipdislocation with subcapital indentation fracture of the femoral neck: a casereport. J Trauma 2007;62(6):E4-6.Ranson M, Hersey P, Thompson D, Beith J, McArthur GA, HaydonA, Davis ID, Kefford RF, Mortimer P, Harris PA, Baka S, Seebaran A,Sabharwal A, Watson AJ, Margison GP, Middleton MR. Randomizedtrial of the combination of lomeguatrib and temozolomide comparedwith temozolomide alone in chemotherapy naive patients with metastaticcutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(18):2540-5.Ratnam I, Franklin C, Spelman DW. In vitro activities of ‘new’and ‘conventional’ antibiotics against multi-drug resistant Gramnegative bacteria from patients in the intensive care unit. Pathology2007;39(6):586-8.Razali K, Thein HH, Bell J, Cooper-Stanbury M, Dolan K, Dore G, GeorgeJ, Kaldor J, Karvelas M, Li J, Maher L, McGregor S, Hellard M, PoederF, Quaine J, Stewart K, Tyrrell H, Weltman M, Westcott O, Wodak A,Law M. Modelling the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Australia. Drug AlcoholDepend 2007;91(2-3):228-35.Read TR, Hocking J, Sinnott V, Hellard M. Risk factors for incident HIVinfection in men having sex with men: a case-control study. Sex Health2007;4(1):35-9.Rees SM, Camm EJ, Loeliger M, Cain S, Dieni S, McCurnin D, ShaulPW, Yoder B, McLean C, Inder TE. Inhaled nitric oxide: effects on cerebralgrowth and injury in a baboon model of premature delivery. Pediatr Res2007;61(5 Pt 1):552-8.Reid G, Kamarulzaman A, Sran SK. Malaysia and harm reduction: thechallenges and responses. Int J Drug Policy 2007;18(2):136-40.Reti NG, Lappas M, Huppertz B, Riley C, Wlodek ME, Henschke P,Permezel M, Rice GE. Effect of high oxygen on placental function in shorttermexplant cultures. Cell Tissue Res 2007;328(3):607-16.Reti NG, Lappas M, Riley C, Wlodek ME, Permezel M, Walker S, RiceGE. Why do membranes rupture at term? Evidence of increased cellularapoptosis in the supracervical fetal membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol2007;196(5):484.e1-10.Revill PA, Littlejohn M, Ayres A, Yuen L, Colledge D, Bartholomeusz A,Sasaduesz J, Lewin SR, Dore GJ, Matthews GV, Thio CL, Locarnini SA.Identification of a novel hepatitis B virus precore/core deletion mutant inHIV/hepatitis B virus co-infected individuals. AIDS 2007;21(13):1701-10.Rice CA, Dooley MJ, Kirsa SW. Measuring pharmacy workload associatedwith clinical trials. J Pharm Pract Res 2007;37(4):303-6.Richards AL, Bailey M, Hooper R, Thomson P. Quality-of-life effect oftonsillectomy in a young adult group. ANZ J Surg 2007;77(11):988-90.Ritchie RH, Quinn JM, Cao AH, Drummond GR, Kaye DM, FavaloroJM, Proietto J, Delbridge LM. The antioxidant tempol inhibits cardiachypertrophy in the insulin-resistant GLUT4-deficient mouse in vivo. J Mol CellCardiol 2007;42(6):1119-28.Ritter A, Bammer G, Hamilton M, Mazerolle L; DPMP Team. Effectivedrug policy: a new approach demonstrated in the Drug Policy ModellingProgram. Drug Alcohol Rev 2007;26(3):265-71.Ritzema J, Melton IC, Richards AM, Crozier IG, Frampton C, DoughtyRN, Whiting J,Kar S, Eigler N, Krum H, Abraham WT, Troughton RW.Direct left atrial pressure monitoring in ambulatory heart failure patients:initial experience with a new permanent implantable device. Circulation2007;116(25):2952-9.Roberts H, Chamberlain AJ. Perspectives on dermoscopy: a concernedwoman with a concealed mole [Spitz naevus]. Med Today 2007;8(2):73.Roberts H, Curnow PA. Unilateral limited scleroderma-like changesfollowing formation of an arteriovenous fistula. Australas J Dermatol2007;48(1):37-9.Roberts S, Gordon A, McLean C, Pedersen J, Bowden S, Thomson K,Angus P. Effect of sustained viral response on hepatic venous pressuregradient in hepatitis C-related cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2007;5(8):932-7.Roberts SK, Kemp W. Hepatocellular carcinoma in an Australian tertiaryreferral hospital 1975-2002: change in epidemiology and clinicalpresentation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22(2):191-6.Roberts-Thomson KC, Kistler PM, Haqqani HM, McGavigan AD,Hillock RJ, Stevenson IH, Morton JB, Vohra JK, Sparks PB, KalmanJM. Focal atrial tachycardias arising from the right atrial appendage:electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characteristics andradiofrequency ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007;18(4):367-72.Robinson PJ, Billah B, Leder K, Reid CM; ASCTS Database Committee.Factors associated with deep sternal wound infection and haemorrhagefollowing cardiac surgery in Victoria. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg2007;6(2):167-71.Rodriguez B, Valdez H, Mijch A, Watson K, Lederman MM, McComseyGA, Loupa CV, Woolley I. Statins blunt HAART-induced CD4 T-cell gainsbut have no long-term effect on virologic response to HAART. J Int AssocPhysicians AIDS Care 2007;6(3):198-202.Rogers SL, Magliano DJ, Levison DB, Webb K, Clarke PJ, GroblerMP, Liew D. A dose-specific meta-analysis of lipid changes inrandomized controlled trials of atorvastatin and simvastatin. Clin Ther2007;29(2):242-52.Roithmaier S, Haydon AM, Loi S, Esmore D, Griffiths A, Bergin P,Williams TJ, Schwarz MA. Incidence of malignancies in heart and/or lungtransplant recipients: a single-institution experience. J Heart Lung Transplant2007;26(8):845-9.Rosenfeld JV, Cooper DJ, Kossmann T, Murray L, Kaye AH.Decompressive craniectomy. J Neurosurg 2007;106(1):195-6.Rosenfeld JV, Feiz-Erfan I. Hypothalamic hamartoma treatment:surgical resection with the transcallosal approach. Semin Pediatr Neurol2007;14(2):88-98.Rosenfeldt FL, Haas SJ, Krum H, Hadj A, Ng K, Leong JY, Watts GF.Coenzyme Q 10in the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis of theclinical trials. J Hum Hypertens 2007;21(4):297-306.Roudsari BS, Nathens AB, Arreola-Risa C, Cameron P, Civil I, GrigoriouG, Gruen RL, Koepsell TD, Lecky FE, Lefering RL, Liberman M, MockCN, Oestern HJ, Petridou E, Schildhauer TA, Waydhas C, Zargar M,Rivara FP. Emergency medical service (EMS) systems in developed anddeveloping countries. Injury 2007;38(9):1001-13.Roudsari BS, Nathens AB, Cameron P, Civil I, Gruen RL, Koepsell TD,Lecky FE, Lefering RL, Liberman M, Mock CN, Oestern HJ, SchildhauerTA, Waydhas C, Rivara FP. International comparison of prehospital traumacare systems. Injury 2007;38(9):993-1000.Rowe DB, Lewis V, Needham M, Rodriguez M, Boyd A, McLeanC, Roberts H, Masters CL, Collins SJ. Novel prion protein genemutation presenting with subacute PSP-like syndrome. Neurology2007;68(11):868-70.Rush K, Dillon D, Scharf S. Visual impairment in an aged care ward.Australas J Ageing 2007;26(2):91-3.PUBLICATIONS 109

Russo PL, Gurrin L, Friedman ND, Bull AL, Marasco S, Kelly H,Boardman CJ, Richards MJ. Interhospital comparisons of coronary arterybypass graft surgical site infection rates differ if donor sites are excluded.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28(10):1210-2.Rutherford S, Cai G, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Kent JW, Voruganti VS, ProffittJM, Curran JE, Johnson MP, Dyer TD, Jowett JB, Bastarrachea RA,Atwood LD, Goring HH, Maccluer JW, Moses EK, Blangero J, ComuzzieAG, Cole SA. A chromosome 11q quantitative-trait locus influences changeof blood-pressure measurements over time in Mexican Americans of theSan Antonio Family Heart Study. Am J Hum Genet 2007;81(4):744-55.Ryan CE, Gare J, Crowe SM, Wilson K, Reeder JC, Oelrichs RB. Theheterosexual HIV type 1 epidemic in Papua New Guinea is dominated bysubtype C. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 2007;23(7):941-4.SAFE Study Investigators; Australian and New Zealand Intensive CareSociety Clinical Trials Group; Australian Red Cross Blood Service;George Institute for International Health, Myburgh J, Cooper DJ, FinferS, Bellomo R, Norton R, Bishop N, Kai Lo S, Vallance S. Saline oralbumin for fluid resuscitation in patients with traumatic brain injury. N EnglJ Med 2007;357(9):874-84.Saini SS, Farrugia W, Muthusamy N, Ramsland PA, Kaushik AK.Structural evidence for a new IgG1 antibody sequence allele of cattle. ScandJ Immunol 2007;65(1):32-8.Saleh S, Solomon A, Wightman F, Xhilaga M, Cameron PU, LewinSR. CCR7 ligands CCL19 and CCL21 increase permissiveness of restingmemory CD4+ T cells to HIV-1 infection: a novel model of HIV-1 latency.Blood 2007;110(13):4161-4.Sallet PC, Sallet JA, Dixon JB, Collis E, Pisani CE, Levy A, Bonaldi FL,Cordás TA. Eating behavior as a prognostic factor for weight loss aftergastric bypass. Obes Surg 2007;17(4):445-51.Saltapidas H, Ponsford J. The influence of cultural background onmotivation for and participation in rehabilitation and outcome followingtraumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2007;22(2):132-9.Sanderson K, Tilse E, Nicholson J, Oldenburg B, Graves N. Whichpresenteeism measures are more sensitive to depression and anxiety? JAffect Disord 2007;101(1-3):65-74.Sandrini A, O’Hehir RE. Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine(AIRmed) at the Alfred Hospital and Monash University Medical School,Melbourne, Australia. Int Rev Asthma 2007;9(3):58-69.Santiago FS, Ishii H, Shafi S, Khurana R, Kanellakis P, Bhindi R, RamirezMJ, Bobik A, Martin JF, Chesterman CN, Zachary IC, Khachigian LM. YinYang-1 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell growth and intimal thickeningby repressing p21 WAF1/Cip1 transcription and p21 WAF1/Cip1 -Cdk4-cyclin D1assembly. Circ Res 2007;101(2):146-55.Sasadeusz J. The anti-HIV antiviral activity of entecavir: the loss of a trustedfriend? J Hepatol 2007;47(6):872-4.Sasadeusz JJ, Locarnini SL, Macdonald G. Why do we not yethave combination chemotherapy for chronic hepatitis B? Med J Aust2007;186(4):204-6.Scanlon A, Lee GA. The use of the term vulnerability in acute care: whydoes it differ and what does it mean? Aust J Adv Nurs 2007;24(3):54-9.Schlaich MP, Delles C, Schmieder RE. Involvement of endothelialmechanisms in l-arginine-induced alterations of renal haemodynamics inhumans. J Hypertens 2007;25(7):1515-6.Schlaich MP, Lambert EA, Sobotka PA, Lambert GW, Esler MD.Sympathetic hyperactivity in hypertensive chronic kidney disease patients isreduced during standard treatment. Hypertension 2007;49(5):e27.Schlaich MP, Lambert GW, Lambert EA, Esler MD. Letter by Schlaich etal regarding article, “Relationship between central sympathetic drive andmagnetic resonance imaging determined left ventricular mass in essentialhypertension”. Circulation 2007;116(17):e416.Schlaich MP, Oehmer S, Schneider MP, Delles C, Schmidt BM,Schmieder RE. Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition and l-arginineon renal haemodynamics in young patients at high cardiovascular risk.Atherosclerosis 2007;192(1):155-60.Schlaich MP, Schmieder RE. Contribution of endothelial nitric oxide toblood pressure in humans. Hypertension 2007;49(5):e29.Schmieder RE, Hilgers KF, Schlaich MP, Schmidt BM. Renin-angiotensinsystem and cardiovascular risk. Lancet 2007;369(9568):1208-19.Schneider HG, Goodall I, Colman PG, McLean M, Barker G; AustralianWorking Party for HbA1c standardization. New haemoglobin A1c: the wayit is reported is about to change... Intern Med J 2007;37(4):213-5.Schneider HG, Lam QT. Procalcitonin for the clinical laboratory: a review.Pathology 2007;39(4):383-90.Schoenwaelder SM, Ono A, Sturgeon S, Chan SM, Mangin P, MaxwellMJ, Turnbull S,Mulchandani M, Anderson K, Kauffenstein G, RewcastleGW, Kendall J, Gachet C, Salem HH, Jackson SP. Identification of aunique co-operative phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling mechanismregulating integrin α IIbβ 3adhesive function in platelets. J Biol Chem2007;282(39):28648-58.Schott JM, Williams DR, Butterworth RJ, Janssen JC, Larner AJ, HoltonJL, Rossor MN. Shunt responsive progressive supranuclear palsy? MovDisord 2007;22(6):902-3.Schwarz M, Hagemeyer CE, Peter K, Bode C. Helping antibodies.Targeted antithrombotic and fibrinolytic therapy. Hamostaseologie2007;27(5):360-2.Sears WR, Duggal N, Sekhon LH, Williamson OD. Segmentalmalalignment with the Bryan cervical disc prosthesis--contributing factors. JSpinal Disord Tech 2007;20(2):111-7.Sears WR, Sekhon LH, Duggal N, Williamson OD. Segmentalmalalignment with the Bryan cervical disc prosthesis--does it occur? JSpinal Disord Tech 2007;20(1):1-6.Selvanathan S, Goldschlager T, Rosenfeld J, Udani RD, Udani SD,Jackson LM. Head injury and decreased consciousness. Student BMJ2007;15:326-7.Selvanathan S, Goldschlager T, Rosenfeld J, Udani RD, Udani SD,Quinn L. Headache, visual blurring and gynaecomastia. Student BMJ2007;15:89-132.Serpell JW, Chen RY. Review of large deep lipomatous tumours. ANZ JSurg 2007;77(7):524-9.Serpell JW, Phan D. Safety of total thyroidectomy. ANZ J Surg 2007;77(1-2):15-9.Sexton D, McDonald M, Spelman D, Stryjewski M, Yung A, Corey GR.Thirty operating rules for infectious diseases apprentices. Infect Dis Clin Pract2007;15(2):100-3.Sharkey J, Khong T, Spencer A. PKC412 demonstrates JNKdependentactivity against human multiple myeloma cells. Blood 2007;109(4):1712-9.Shaw J. Epidemiology of childhood Type 2 diabetes and obesity. PediatrDiabetes 2007;8 Suppl 9:7-15.Shearer J, Johnston J, Fry CL, Kaye S, Dillon P, Dietze P, Collins L.Contemporary cocaine use patterns and associated harms in Melbourneand Sydney, Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2007;26(5):537-43.Shehu-Xhilaga M, Kent S, Batten J, Ellis S, Van der Meulen J, O’BryanM, Cameron PU, Lewin SR, Hedger MP. The testis and epididymis areproductively infected by SIV and SHIV in juvenile macaques during the postacutestage of infection. Retrovirology 2007;4:7.Shemesh T, Rowley KG, Jenkins A, Brimblecombe J, Best JD, O’DeaK. Differential association of C-reactive protein with adiposity in men andwomen in an Aboriginal community in northeast Arnhem Land of Australia.Int J Obes 2007;31(1):103-8.Shield K, Riley C, Quinn MA, Rice GE, Ackland ML, Ahmed N. α2β1integrin affects metastatic potential of ovarian carcinoma spheroids bysupporting disaggregation and proteolysis. J Carcinog 2007;6(11).Shortt J, Cole-Sinclair MF, Borosak M, Wood EM. Blood transfusionsfor iron deficiency anaemia: definitely time for a rethink! Intern Med J2007;37(4):283.Shortt J, Dunkley S, Rickard K, Baker R, Street A. Efficacy and safetyof a high purity, double virus inactivated factor VIII/von Willebrand factorconcentrate (Biostate) in patients with von Willebrand disorder requiringinvasive or surgical procedures. Haemophilia 2007;13(2):144-8.Shortt J, Spelman D, Wood EM. Cost of hepatitis A vaccine: $70.Mounting your own antibody response to hepatitis A before your overseasholiday: priceless. Med J Aust 2007;187(1):58.Showkathali R, Earley MJ, Gupta D, Alzetani M, Harris S, KistlerPM, Sporton SC, Schilling RJ. Current case mix and results of catheterablation of regular supraventricular tachycardia: are we giving unrealisticexpectations to patients? Europace 2007;9(11):1064-8.Shukla P, Chauhan UK, Naik S, Anderson D, Aggarwal R. Hepatitis E virusinfection among animals in northern India: an unlikely source of humandisease. J Viral Hepat 2007;14(5):310-7.Sicree R, Shaw J. Type 2 diabetes: an epidemic or not, and why it ishappening. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Clin Res Rev 2007;1(2):75-81.Silvapulle P, Azam MN, Yeasmin M. Analysis of dependence in the G11countries’ financial markets: simulation and empirical evidence. AppFinance Econ Lett 2007;3(4):211-4.Sim M. The need for an occupational disease surveillance system inAustralia. J Occup Health Safety Aust NZ 2007;23(6):557-62.110 PUBLICATIONS

Simmons D, Eaton S, Shaw J, Zimmet P. Self-reported past gestationaldiabetes mellitus as a risk factor for abnormal glucose tolerance amongAustralian women. Diabetes Care 2007;30(9):2293-5.Simpson JA, MacInnis RJ, Peeters A, Hopper JL, Giles GG, English DR.A comparison of adiposity measures as predictors of all-cause mortality:the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Obesity 2007;15(4):994-1003.Singh KP, Howard JL, Wild SP, Jones SL, Hoy J, Lewin SR. Humancytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD8+ T cell responses are reduced inHIV-infected individuals with a history of CMV disease despite CD4+ T cellrecovery. Clin Immunol 2007;124(2):200-6.Singh R, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Mental health, antipsychotics andhyperglycaemia. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Clin Res Rev 2007;1(3):209-24.Slavin MA, Grigg AP, Schwarer AP, Szer J, Spencer A, Sainani A,Thursky KA, Roberts AW. A randomized comparison of empiric or preemptiveantibiotic therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Bone Marrow Transplant 2007;40(2):157-63.Smith RJ, Alexander J, Barlow PN, Botto M, et al; Dense DepositDisease Focus Group. New approaches to the treatment of dense depositdisease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;18(9):2447-56.Smyth K, Affandi JS, McArthur JC, Bowtell-Harris C, Mijch AM, WatsonK, Costello K, Woolley IJ, Price P, Wesselingh SL, Cherry CL. Prevalenceof and risk factors for HIV-associated neuropathy in Melbourne, Australia1993-2006. HIV Med 2007;8(6):367-73.Snell GI, Boehler A, Glanville AR, McNeil K, Scott JP, Studer SM,Wallwork J, Westall G, Zamora MR, Stewart S. Eleven years on: aclinical update of key areas of the 1996 lung allograft rejection workingformulation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007;26(5):423-30.Snell GI, Levvey BJ, Zheng L, Bailey M, Orsida B, Williams TJ,Kotsimbos TC. Interleukin-17 and airway inflammation: a longitudinalairway biopsy study after lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant2007;26(7):669-74.Snell GI, Westall GP. Immunosuppression for lung transplantation:evidence to date. Drugs 2007;67(11):1531-9.Snell GI, Westall GP, Williams TJ. Lung transplantation: does age make adifference? Med J Aust 2007;187(5):260-1.Söderberg S, Zimmet P, Tuomilehto J, Chitson P, Gareeboo H,Alberti KG, Shaw JE. Leptin predicts the development of diabetes inMauritian men, but not women: a population-based study. Int J Obes2007;31(7):1126-33.Southgate RJ, Neill B, Prelovsek O, El-Osta A, Kamei Y, Miura S,Ezaki O, McLoughlin TJ, Zhang W, Unterman TG, Febbraio MA. FOXO1regulates the expression of 4E-BP1 and inhibits mTOR signaling inmammalian skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 2007;282(29):21176-86.Spencer A, Reed K, Arthur C. Pilot study of an outpatient-based approachfor advanced lymphoma using vinorelbine, gemcitabine and filgrastim.Intern Med J 2007;37(11):760-6.Spicer ST, Tran GT, Killingsworth MC, Carter N, Power DA, PaizisK, Boyd R, Hodgkinson SJ, Hall BM. Induction of passive Heymannnephritis in complement component 6-deficient PVG rats. J Immunol2007;179(1):172-8.Stargatt R, Rosenfeld JV, Maixner W, Ashley D. Multiple factors contributeto neuropsychological outcome in children with posterior fossa tumors. DevNeuropsychol 2007;32(2):729-48.Stark RJ, Roberts H, Day B. Neurology. check Program of Self Assessment:RACGP 2007;422(May).Stark RJ, Valenti L, Miller GC. Management of migraine in Australiangeneral practice. Med J Aust 2007;187(3):142-6.Sterjovski J, Churchill MJ, Ellett A, Gray LR, Roche MJ, Dunfee RL,Purcell DF, Saksena N, Wang B, Sonza S, Wesselingh SL, Karlsson I,Fenyo EM, Gabuzda D, Cunningham AL, Gorry PR. Asn 362 in gp120contributes to enhanced fusogenicity by CCR5-restricted HIV-1 envelopeglycoprotein variants from patients with AIDS. Retrovirology 2007;4:89.Stewart S. Stopping heart failure in its tracks. Eur J Heart Fail 2007;9(2):118-9.Stewart S. “You’ll never walk alone”: key challenges for the profession ofcardiovascular nursing. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2007;6(1):1-2.Stewart S, Fishbein MC, Snell GI, Berry GJ, Boehler A, Burke MM,Glanville A, Gould FK, Magro C, Marboe CC, McNeil KD, Reed EF,Reinsmoen NL, Scott JP, Studer SM, Tazelaar HD, Wallwork JL, WestallG, Zamora MR, Zeevi A, Yousem SA. Revision of the 1996 workingformulation for the standardization of nomenclature in the diagnosis of lungrejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007;26(12):1229-42.Stirling RG. Management of chronic cough in adults. Med Today 2007;8(9):33-44.Stockx EM, Anderson CR, Murphy SM, Cooke IR, Berger PJ. Amap of the major nuclei of the fetal sheep brainstem. Brain Res Bull2007;71(4):355-64.Stoll P, Bassler N, Hagemeyer CE, Eisenhardt SU, Chen YC, Schmidt R,Schwarz M, Ahrens I, Katagiri Y, Pannen B, Bode C, Peter K. Targetingligand-induced binding sites on GPIIb/IIIa via single-chain antibody allowseffective anticoagulation without bleeding time prolongation. ArteriosclerThromb Vasc Biol 2007;27(5):1206-12.Stow PJ, Pilcher D, Wilson J, George C, Bailey M, Higlett T, Bellomo R,Hart GK; Australian & New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult PatientDatabase Management Committee. Improved outcomes from acutesevere asthma in Australian intensive care units (1996-2003). Thorax2007;62(10):842-7.Straub A, Breuer M, Wendel HP, Peter K, Dietz K, Ziemer G. Criticaltemperature ranges of hypothermia-induced platelet activation: possibleimplications for cooling patients in cardiac surgery. Thromb Haemost2007;97(4):608-16.Strobel K, Skalsky J, Kalff V, Baumann K, Seifert B, Joller-Jemelka H,Dummer R, Steinert HC. Tumour assessment in advanced melanoma:value of FDG-PET/CT in patients with elevated serum S-100B. Eur J NuclMed Mol Imaging 2007;34(9):1366-75.Strobel K, Skalsky J, Steinert HC, Dummer R, Hany TF, Bhure U, SeifertB, Pérez Lago M, Joller-Jemelka H, Kalff V. S-100B and FDG-PET/CT in therapy response assessment of melanoma patients. Dermatology2007;215(3):192-201.Stuart-Andrews C, Peyton P, Robinson G, Terry D, O’Connor B, Van derHerten C, Lithgow B. Non-invasive metabolic monitoring of patients underanaesthesia by continuous indirect calorimetry--an in vivo trial of a newmethod. Br J Anaesth 2007;98(1):45-52.Stuart-Andrews CR, Peyton P, Robinson GJ, Terry D, O’Connor B, Van derHerten C, Lithgow B. In vivo validation of the M-COVX metabolic monitor inpatients under anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care 2007;35(3):398-405.Stuchbery P, Kong DC, DeSantis GN, Lo SK. Measuring the time requiredto provide the components of clinical pharmacy services. J Pharm Pract Res2007;37(2):102-7.Stuchbery P, Kong DC, DeSantis GN, Lo SK. Identification by observationof clinical pharmacists’ activities in a hospital inpatient setting. Pharm Pract2007;5(1):10-6.Stuckey R, Lamontagne AD, Sim M. Working in light vehicles--a reviewand conceptual model for occupational health and safety. Accid Anal Prev2007;39(5):1006-14.Sudhakaran S, Rayner CR, Li J, Kong DC, Gude NM, Nation RL.Differential protein binding of indinavir and saquinavir in matched maternaland umbilical cord plasma. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007;63(3):315-21.Sugiyama T, Salmon J, Dunstan DW, Bauman AE, Owen N. Neighborhoodwalkability and TV viewing time among Australian adults. Am J Prev Med2007;33(6):444-9.Sviridov D, Nestel P, Watts G. Statins and metabolism of high densitylipoprotein. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2007;5(3):215-21.Sviridov D, Nestel PJ. Genetic factors affecting HDL levels, structure,metabolism and function. Curr Opin Lipidol 2007;18(2):157-63.Sylvester JE, Grimm PD, Blasko JC, Millar J, Orio PF 3rd, SkoglundS, Galbreath RW, Merrick G. 15-Year biochemical relapse free survivalin clinical Stage T1-T3 prostate cancer following combined external beamradiotherapy and brachytherapy; Seattle experience. Int J Radiat Oncol BiolPhys 2007;67(1):57-64.Szollosi I, Krum H, Kaye D, Naughton MT. Sleep apnea in heart failureincreases heart rate variability and sympathetic dominance. Sleep2007;30(11):1509-14.Szramka M, Harriss L, Ninnio D, Windebank E, Brack J, Skiba M,Krum H. The effect of rapid lipid lowering with atorvastatin on autonomicparameters in patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol2007;117(2):287-91.Tan AL, Forbes JM, Cooper ME. AGE, RAGE, and ROS in diabeticnephropathy. Semin Nephrol 2007;27(2):130-43.Tang AL, Shah NP, Wilcox G, Walker KZ, Stojanovska L. Fermentation ofcalcium-fortified soymilk with Lactobacillus: effects on calcium solubility,isoflavone conversion, and production of organic acids. J Food Sci2007;72(9):M431-6.Tang CK, Lodding J, Minigo G, Pouniotis DS, Plebanski M, ScholzenA, McKenzie IF, Pietersz GA, Apostolopoulos V. Mannan-mediated genedelivery for cancer immunotherapy. Immunology 2007;120(3):325-35.Tapp RJ, Balkau B, Shaw JE, Valensi P, Cailleau M, Eschwege E;DESIR Study Group. Association of glucose metabolism, smoking andcardiovascular risk factors with incident peripheral arterial disease: theDESIR study. Atherosclerosis 2007;190(1):84-9.PUBLICATIONS 111

Tapp RJ, Williams C, Witt N, Chaturvedi N, Evans R, Thom SA,Hughes AD, Ness A. Impact of size at birth on the microvasculature:the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Pediatrics2007;120(5):e1225-8.Tarlac V, Turnbull V, Stefani D, Kelly L, Walsh R, Storey E.Inclusion formation by ataxins -1, -2, -3, and -7. Int J Neurosci2007;117(9):1289-314.Teichtahl AJ, Parkins K, Hanna F, Wluka AE, Urquhart DM, English DR,Giles GG, Cicuttini FM. The relationship between the angle of the trochleargroove and patella cartilage and bone morphology--a cross-sectional studyof healthy adults. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007;15(10):1158-62.Teichtahl AJ, Wang Y, Cicuttini FM. Obesity and rural health--a neglectedrisk factor for knee osteoarthritis. Rural Remote Health 2007;7(1):698.Tesch GH, Allen TJ. Rodent models of streptozotocin-induced diabeticnephropathy. Nephrology 2007;12(3):261-6.Thien F. Once daily oral controller therapy with low dose theophylline ormontelukast was not effective in poorly controlled asthma. Evid Based Med2007;12(4):115.Thien F. Asthma: its phenotypes and the influences of analgesics. Aust JPharm 2007;88(1049):76-80.Thomas M, Weekes AJ, Thomas MC. The management of diabetes inIndigenous Australians in the primary care setting. BMC Public Health2007;7(1):303.Thomas MC. Anemia in diabetes: marker or mediator of microvasculardisease? Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2007;3(1):20-30.Thomas MC, Nestel PJ. Management of dyslipidaemia in patientswith Type 2 diabetes in Australian primary care. Med J Aust2007;186(3):128-30.Thomas MC; Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment (CARI). TheCARI guidelines. Prevention of progression of kidney disease: autosomaldominantpolycystic kidney disease. Nephrology 2007;12 Suppl 1:S52-6.Thomas MC; Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment (CARI).The CARI guidelines. Prevention of progression of kidney disease: earlydetection of patients with kidney disease. Nephrology 2007;12 Suppl1:S37-40.Thomas MC; Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment (CARI). TheCARI guidelines. Prevention of progression of kidney disease: early referralof patients with pre-end-stage kidney disease. Nephrology 2007;12 Suppl1:S41-3.Thomas MC; Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment (CARI). TheCARI guidelines. Prevention of progression of kidney disease: pre-dialysiseducation for patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrology 2007;12Suppl 1:S46-8.Thomas MC; Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment (CARI). TheCARI guidelines. Prevention of progression of kidney disease: regular andfrequent follow-up of patients with pre-end-stage kidney disease. Nephrology2007;12 Suppl 1:S44-5.Thomas MC; Caring for Australians with Renal Impairment (CARI).The CARI guidelines. Prevention of progression of kidney disease: weightreduction in obese patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrology2007;12 Suppl 1:S49-51.Thomas S, Herbert D, Street A, Barnes C, Boal J, Komesaroff P. Attitudestowards and beliefs about genetic testing in the haemophilia community: aqualitative study. Haemophilia 2007;13(5):633-41.Thomas SL, Lam K, Piterman L, Mijch A, Komesaroff PA. Complementarymedicine use among people living with HIV/AIDS in Victoria, Australia:practices, attitudes and perceptions. Int J STD AIDS 2007;18(7):453-7.Thompson AJ, Ayres A, Yuen L, Bartholomeusz A, Bowden DS, IserDM, Chen RY, Demediuk B, Shaw G, Bell SJ, Watson KJ, LocarniniSA, Desmond PV. Lamivudine resistance in patients with chronichepatitis B: role of clinical and virological factors. J Gastroenterol Hepatol2007;22(7):1078-85.Thompson B, King G, Harding R. Commentary on “The role of thelarge airways on smooth muscle contraction in asthma”. J Appl Physiol2007;103(4):1465.Thompson DR, Stewart S. Handmaiden or right-hand man: is therelationship between doctors and nurses still therapeutic? Int J Cardiol2007;118(2):139-40.Thompson DR, Watson R, Stewart S. Nursing and midwifery: time for anamicable divorce? Int J Nurs Stud 2007;44(4):523-4.Thorat JD, Hwang PY. Peculiar geometric alopecia and trigeminal nervedysfunction in a patient after Guglielmi detachable coil embolization of aruptured aneurysm. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2007;16(1):40-2.Thrift AG, Hayman N. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and theburden of stroke. Int J Stroke 2007;2(1):57-9.Tibazarwa KB, Ntyintyane L, Stewart S, Wilkinson D, Sliwa K.Cardiovascular screening and hypertension in an African population : heartawareness day in Soweto. Cardiovasc J Afr 2007;18(3 Suppl):S29-31.Tikellis G, Wang JJ, Tapp R, Simpson R, Mitchell P, Zimmet PZ, ShawJ, Wong TY. The relationship of retinal vascular calibre to diabetes andretinopathy: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study.Diabetologia 2007;50(11):2263-71.Tippett E, Fernandes LA, Rogerson SJ, Jaworowski A. A novel flowcytometric phagocytosis assay of malaria-infected erythrocytes. J ImmunolMethods 2007;325(1-2):42-50.Torresi J, Fischer A, Grollo L, Zeng W, Drummer H, Jackson DC.Induction of neutralizing antibody responses to hepatitis C virus withsynthetic peptide constructs incorporating both antibody and T-helperepitopes. Immunol Cell Biol 2007;85(2):169-73.Torresi J, Stock OM, Fischer AE, Grollo L, Drummer H, Boo I, ZengW, Earnest-Silveira L, Jackson DC. A self-adjuvanting multiepitopeimmunogen that induces a broadly cross-reactive antibody to hepatitis Cvirus. Hepatology 2007;45(4):911-20.Tsan CJ, Serpell JW, Poh YY. The impact of synoptic cytology reportingon fine-needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules. ANZ J Surg2007;77(11):991-5.Tu Y, Wu W, Wu T, Cao Z, Wilkins R, Toh BH, Cooper ME, Chai Z.Antiproliferative autoantigen CDA1 transcriptionally up-regulates p21 Waf1/Cip1by activating p53 and MEK/ERK1/2 MAPK pathways. J Biol Chem2007;282(16):11722-31.Turner N, Bruce CR, Beale SM, Hoehn KL, So T, Rolph MS, CooneyGJ. Excess lipid availability increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidativecapacity in muscle: evidence against a role for reduced fatty acidoxidation in lipid-induced insulin resistance in rodents. Diabetes2007;56(8):2085-92.Upton A, Fraser JA, Kidd SE, Bretz C, Bartlett KH, Heitman J, MarrKA. First contemporary case of human infection with Cryptococcus gattii inPuget Sound: evidence for spread of the Vancouver Island outbreak. J ClinMicrobiol 2007;45(9):3086-8.Urquhart DM, Wluka AE, Teichtahl AJ, Cicuttini FM. The effect ofphysical activity on the knee joint: is it good or bad? Br J Sports Med2007;41(9):546-7.Vaddadi G, Lambert E, Corcoran SJ, Esler MD. Postural syncope:mechanisms and management. Med J Aust 2007;187(5):299-304.Vajdic CM, Fritschi L, Grulich AE, Kaldor JM, Benke G, Kricker A,Hughes AM, Turner JJ, Milliken S, Goumas C, Armstrong BK. Atopy,exposure to pesticides and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Cancer2007;120(10):2271-4.Vallas V, Farrugia W, Raison RL, Edmundson AB, Ramsland PA.Dissimilar aggregation processes govern precipitation and gelation ofhuman IgM cryoglobulins. J Mol Recognit 2007;20(2):90-6.van de Leemput J, Chandran J, Knight MA, Holtzclaw LA, Scholz S,Cookson MR, Houlden H, Gwinn-Hardy K, Fung HC, Lin X, HernandezD, Simon-Sanchez J, Wood NW, Giunti P, Rafferty I, Hardy J, Storey E,Gardner RJ, Forrest SM, Fisher EM, Russell JT, Cai H, Singleton AB.Deletion at ITPR1 underlies ataxia in mice and spinocerebellar ataxia 15 inhumans. PLoS Genetics 2007;3(6):e108.Van de Vreede M. Using the medical emergency team (MET) tosupplement an existing adverse drug event (ADE) reporting framework. JPharm Pract Res 2007;37(3):197-9.van den Brink OW, Delbridge LM, Pedrazzini T, Rosenfeldt FL, PepeS. Augmented myocardial methionine-enkephalin in a murine model ofcardiac angiotensin II-overexpression. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst2007;8(4):153-9.van den Hoven MJ, Rops AL, Vlodavsky I, Levidiotis V, BerdenJH, van der Vlag J. Heparanase in glomerular diseases. Kidney Int2007;72(5):543-8.van der Merwe J, Leong JY, Kaye D, Opat S, Bergin PJ, Taylor AJ,Rosenfeldt F. Antioxidant therapy for severe cardiac failure Induced byiron overload secondary to dyserythropoietic anaemia. Heart Lung Circ2007;16(5):394-7.Vandendries ER, Hamilton JR, Coughlin SR, Furie B, Furie BC. Par4 isrequired for platelet thrombus propagation but not fibrin generation in amouse model of thrombosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104(1):288-92.Venardos KM, Kaye DM. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,antioxidant enzyme systems, and selenium: a review. Curr Med Chem2007;14(14):1539-49.Verity EE, Zotos D, Wilson K, Chatfield C, Lawson VA, Dwyer DE,Cunningham A, Learmont J, Dyer W, Sullivan J, Churchill M,Wesselingh SL, Gabuzda D, Gorry PR, McPhee DA. Viral phenotypes andantibody responses in long-term survivors infected with attenuated humanimmunodeficiency virus type 1 containing deletions in the nef and longterminal repeat regions. J Virol 2007;81(17):9268-78.112 PUBLICATIONS

Vietheer PT, Boo I, Drummer HE, Netter HJ. Immunizations with chimerichepatitis B virus-like particles to induce potential anti-hepatitis C virusneutralizing antibodies. Antivir Ther 2007;12(4):477-87.Vladimirtsev VA, Nikitina RS, Renwick N, Ivanova AA, Danilova AP,Platonov FA, Krivoshapkin VG, McLean CA, Masters CL, Gajdusek DC,Goldfarb LG. Family clustering of Viliuisk encephalomyelitis in traditionaland new geographic regions. Emerg Infect Dis 2007;13(9):1321-6.Volkman SK, Lozovsky E, Barry AE, Bedford T, Bethke L, Myrick A, DayKP, Hartl DL, Wirth DF, Sawyer SA. Genomic heterogeneity in the densityof noncoding single-nucleotide and microsatellite polymorphisms inPlasmodium falciparum. Gene 2007;387(1-2):1-6.von zur Muehlen C, von Elverfeldt D, Bassler N, Neudorfer I, Steitz B,Petri-Fink B, Hofmann H, Bode C, Peter K. Superparamagnetic iron oxidebinding and uptake as imaged by magnetic resonance is mediated bythe integrin receptor Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18): implications on imaging ofatherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerosis 2007;193(1):102-11.Vorum H, Østergaard M, Rice GE, Honoré B, Bek T. Identificationof differentially regulated proteins in a patient with Leber’s CongenitalAmaurosis--a proteomic study. Proteome Sci 2007;5:1-9.Wade AJ, Hocking JS, Hellard ME. Chlamydia trachomatis prevalencein heterosexual men in Melbourne: a community-based study. Sex Health2007;4(2):137-8.Wade AJ, Tuxen DV, Wesselingh SL. Leptospirosis: an unusualpresentation. Crit Care Resusc 2007;9(1):108.Walker KZ, O’Dea K. Monounsaturated fat rich diet prevents central bodyfat distribution and decreases postprandial adiponectin expression inducedby a carbohydrate-rich diet in insulin-resistant subjects: response toPaniagua et al. Diabetes Care 2007;30(11):e122.Walker R, Paratz J, Holland AE. Reproducibility of the negative expiratorypressure technique in COPD. Chest 2007;132(2):471-6.Walsh N, Higgs P, Crofts N. Recognition of hepatitis C virus coinfectionin HIV-positive injecting drug users in Asia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr2007;45(3):363-5.Walshe CM, Cooper JD, Kossmann T, Hayes I, Iles L. Cerebral fatembolism syndrome causing brain death after long-bone fractures andacetazolamide therapy. Crit Care Resusc 2007;9(2):184-6.Wang JM. Selenoprotein S1: a novel inflammatory gene. Zhong Nan Da XueXue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2007;32(5):723-5.Wang Y, Hodge AM, Wluka AE, English DR, Giles GG, O’Sullivan R,Forbes A, Cicuttini FM. Effect of antioxidants on knee cartilage and bonein healthy, middle-aged subjects: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Res Ther2007;9(4):R66.Wang Y, Wluka AE, English DR, Teichtahl AJ, Giles GG, O’Sullivan R,Cicuttini FM. Body composition and knee cartilage properties in healthy,community-based adults. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66(9):1244-8.Wang YH, Andrews RM, Kelly H, Lambert SB. Evaluating measlessurveillance using laboratory-discarded notifications of measles-like illnessduring elimination. Epidemiol Infect 2007;135(8):1363-8.Wang Z, Rowley K, Best J, McDermott R, Taylor M, O’Dea K. Hemostaticfactors in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations.Metabolism 2007;56(5):629-35.Wang Z, Rowley K, Wang Z, Piers L, O’Dea K. Anthropometric indices andtheir relationship with diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia in AustralianAboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil2007;14(2):172-8.Wapling J, Srivastava S, Shehu-Xhilaga M, Tachedjian G. Targetinghuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 assembly, maturation and budding.Drug Target Insights 2007;2:159-82.Warrillow S, Bellomo R, Jones D. Conscious sedation on a generalward: the MET and clinical governance. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf2007;33(2):112-7, 61.Wasiak J, Cleland H, Jeffery R. Early versus late enteral nutritionalsupport in adults with burn injury: a systematic review. J Hum Nutr Diet2007;20:75-83.Weatherburn C, Endacott R, Tynan P, Bailey M. The impact of bispectralindex monitoring on sedation administration in mechanically ventilatedpatients. Anaesth Intensive Care 2007;35(2):204-8.Weekes AJ, Thomas MC. The use of oral antidiabetic agents in primarycare. Aust Fam Physician 2007;36(6):477-80.Wei A, Cowie T. Rituximab responsive immune thrombocytopenic purpurain an adult with underlying autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndromedue to a splice-site mutation (IVS7+2T>C) affecting the Fas gene. Eur JHaematol 2007;79(4):363-6.Wein L, Wein S, Haas SJ, Shaw J, Krum H. Pharmacological venousthromboembolism prophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med2007;167(14):1476-86.Westall GP, Snell GI. Lungs don’t grow on trees: the ethics of increasingorgan donation rates for transplantation and their relevance to the Asia-Pacific region. Respirology 2007;12(5):631-3.Whelan A, Blogg J. ‘’Halfway people’: refugee views of reproductive healthservices. Global Public Health 2007;2(4):37394.Whitaker NE, Stirling R, Naughton MT. Do multidisciplinary lung cancerclinics improve patient care? Intern Med J 2007;37(8):579-80.White AJ, Duffy SJ, Walton AS, Ng JF, Rice GE, Mukherjee S, ShawJA, Jennings GL, Dart AM, Kingwell BA. Matrix metalloproteinase-3and coronary remodelling: implications for unstable coronary disease.Cardiovasc Res 2007;75(4):813-20.Wijayaratne SP, Teichtahl A, Wluka AE, Hanna F, Cicuttini FM.Patellofemoral osteoarthritis: new insights into a neglected disease. FutureRheumatol 2007;2(2):193-202.Wijeyewickrema LC, Gardiner EE, Moroi M, Berndt MC, Andrews RK.Snake venom metalloproteinases, crotarhagin and alborhagin, induceectodomain shedding of the platelet collagen receptor, glycoprotein VI.Thromb Haemost 2007;98(6):1285-90.Wijeyewickrema LC, Gardiner EE, Shen Y, Berndt MC, Andrews RK.Fractionation of snake venom metalloproteinases by metal ion affinity: apurified cobra metalloproteinase, Nk, from Naja kaouthia binds Ni 2+ -agarose.Toxicon 2007;50(8):1064-72.Wilkinson-Berka JL, Lofthouse S, Jaworski K, Ninkovic S, Tachas G,Wraight CJ. An antisense oligonucleotide targeting the growth hormonereceptor inhibits neovascularization in a mouse model of retinopathy. MolVis 2007;13:1529-38.Wilkinson-Berka JL, Tan G, Jaworski K, Ninkovic S. Valsartan but notatenolol improves vascular pathology in diabetic Ren-2 rat retina. Am JHypertens 2007;20(4):423-30.Williams AD, Carey MF, Selig S, Hayes A, Krum H, Patterson J, Toia D,Hare DL. Circuit resistance training in chronic heart failure improves skeletalmuscle mitochondrial ATP production rate--a randomized controlled trial. JCard Fail 2007;13(2):79-85.Williams DR. James Parkinson’s London. Mov Disord 2007;22(13):1857-9.Williams DR, Holton JL, Strand C, Pittman A, de Silva R, LeesAJ, Revesz T. Pathological tau burden and distribution distinguishesprogressive supranuclear palsy-parkinsonism from Richardson’s syndrome.Brain 2007;130(Pt 6):1566-76.Williams DR, Holton JL, Strand K, Revesz T, Lees AJ. Pure akinesia withgait freezing: a third clinical phenotype of progressive supranuclear palsy.Mov Disord 2007;22(15):2235-41.Williams DR, Pittman AM, Revesz T, Lees AJ, de Silva R. Geneticvariation at the tau locus and clinical syndromes associated withprogressive supranuclear palsy. Mov Disord 2007;22(6):895-7.Williams K, Robinson N, Trapp J, Ackerly T, Das R, Kemp P, Geso M. Aportable organic plastic scintillator dosimetry system for low energy X-rays:a feasibility study using an intraoperative X-ray unit as the radiation source.J Med Phys 2007;32(2):73-6.Willis CD, Evans SM, Stoelwinder JU, Cameron PA. Measuring quality.Aust Health Rev 2007;31(2):276-81.Willis CD, Gabbe BJ, Cameron PA. Measuring quality in trauma care.Injury 2007;38(5):527-37.Willis K, Daly J, Kealy M, Small R, Koutroulis G, Green J, Gibbs L,Thomas S. The essential role of social theory in qualitative public healthresearch. Aust N Z J Public Health 2007;31(5):438-43.Wilson KA, Maerz AL, Bär S, Drummer HE, Poumbourios P. An N-terminalglycine-rich sequence contributes to retrovirus trimer of hairpins stability.Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007;359(4):1037-43.Wiltshire KL, Brock KK, Haider MA, Zwahlen D, Kong V, Chan E, MoseleyJ, Bayley A, Catton C, Chung PW, Gospodarowicz M, Milosevic M,Kneebone A, Warde P, Ménard C. Anatomic boundaries of the clinicaltarget volume (prostate bed) after radical prostatectomy. Int J Radiat OncolBiol Phys 2007;69(4):1090-9.Wirkas T, Toikilik S, Miller N, Morgan C, Clements CJ. A vaccine coldchain freezing study in PNG highlights technology needs for hot climatecountries. Vaccine 2007;25(4):691-7.Wise FM. Exercise based cardiac rehabilitation in chronic heart failure. AustFam Physician 2007;36(12):1019-24.Wolfe R, Bolsin S, Colson M, Stow P. Monitoring the rate of re-explorationfor excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery in adults. Qual Saf Health Care2007;16(3):192-6.Wong C, Marwick TH. Obesity cardiomyopathy: diagnosis and therapeuticimplications. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2007;4(9):480-90.Wong C, Marwick TH. Obesity cardiomyopathy: pathogenesis andpathophysiology. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2007;4(8):436-43.PUBLICATIONS 113

Wong CJ, Ackerly T, He C, Patterson W, Powell CE, Ho A, Qiao G,Solomon DH, Meder R, Geso M. High-resolution measurements of smallfield beams using polymer gels. Appl Radiat Isot 2007;65(10):1160-4.Wong SS, Abd-Jamil J, Abubakar S. Antibody neutralization and viralvirulence in recurring dengue virus type 2 outbreaks. Viral Immunol2007;20(3):359-68.Woodcock EA. Roles of α 1A- and α 1B-adrenoceptors in heart: insightsfrom studies of genetically modified mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol2007;34(9):884-8.Woodford K. Somnolence syndrome after cranial irradiation. Radiographer2007;54(3):30-3.Woollard KJ, Chin-Dusting J. Therapeutic targeting of P-selectin inatherosclerosis. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 2007;6(1):69-74.Woolley IJ, Li X, Jacobson LP, Palella FJ, Ostergaard L. Macrolide useand the risk of vascular disease in HIV-infected men in the Multicenter AIDSCohort Study. Sex Health 2007;4(2):111-9.Worthley MI, Holmes AS, Willoughby SR, Kucia AM, Heresztyn T,Stewart S, Chirkov YY, Zeitz CJ, Horowitz JD. The deleterious effects ofhyperglycemia on platelet function in diabetic patients with acute coronarysyndromes mediation by superoxide production, resolution with intensiveinsulin administration. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49(3):304-10.Wynne R, Botti M, Copley D, Bailey M. The normative distribution of chesttube drainage volume after coronary artery bypass grafting. Heart Lung2007;36(1):35-42.Xu Q, Ming ZQ, Dart AM, Du XJ. Optimizing dosage of ketamineand xylazine in murine echocardiography. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol2007;34(5):499-507.Xue CC, An X, Cheung TP, Da Costa C, Lenon GB, Thien FC, Story DF.Acupuncture for persistent allergic rhinitis: a randomised, sham-controlledtrial. Med J Aust 2007;187(6):337-41.Yan BP, Gurvitch R, Duffy SJ, Clark DJ, Sebastian M, New G, Warren R,Lefkovits J, Lew R, Brennan AL, Reid C, Andrianopoulos N, Ajani AE. Anevaluation of octogenarians undergoing percutaneous coronary interventionfrom the Melbourne Interventional Group registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv2007;70(7):928-36.Yancy CW, Krum H, Massie BM, Silver MA, Stevenson LW, Cheng M,Kim SS, Evans R; FUSION II Investigators. The Second Follow-up SerialInfusions of Nesiritide (FUSION II) trial for advanced heart failure: studyrationale and design. Am Heart J 2007;153(4):478-84.Yang E, Hu XF, Xing PX. Advances of MUC1 as a target for breast cancerimmunotherapy. Histol Histopathol 2007;22(8):905-22.Yang Z, Venardos K, Jones E, Morris BJ, Chin-Dusting J, Kaye D.Identification of a novel polymorphism in the 3’UTR of the l-argininetransporter gene SLC7A1. Contribution to hypertension and endothelialdysfunction. Circulation 2007;115(10):1269-74.Yap KS, Kalff V, Turlakow A, Kelly MJ. A prospective reassessment of theutility of the Wells score in identifying pulmonary embolism. Med J Aust2007;187(6):333-6.Yap SH, Sheen CW, Fahey J, Zanin M, Tyssen D, Lima VD, WynhovenB, Kuiper M, Sluis-Cremer N, Harrigan PR, Tachedjian G. N348I in theconnection domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase confers zidovudine andnevirapine resistance. PLoS Med 2007;4(12):e335.Yeoh GC, Ernst M, Rose-John S, Akhurst B, Payne C, Long S, AlexanderW, Croker B, Grail D, Matthews VB. Opposing roles of gp130-mediatedSTAT-3 and ERK-1/2 signaling in liver progenitor cell migration andproliferation. Hepatology 2007;45(2):486-94.Yerkovich ST, Rowe J, Richmond P, Suriyaarachchi D, Heaton T, HollamsE, Ladyman C, Serralha M, Sadowska A, Loh R, Wesselingh SL, SlyPD, Holt PG. Assessment of the potency and potential immunomodulatoryeffects of the measles mumps rubella and varicella vaccine in infants.Vaccine 2007;25(10):1764-70.Young IR, Rice GE, Palliser HK, Ayhan M, Dellios NL, Hirst JJ.Identification of bactenecin-1 in cervicovaginal fluid by two-dimensionalelectrophoresis in an ovine model of preterm labour. Proteomics2007;7(2):281-8.Zanin MP, Webster DE, Wesselingh SL. A DNA prime, orally deliveredprotein boost vaccination strategy against viral encephalitis. J Neurovirol2007;13(3):284-9.Zeisberg EM, Tarnavski O, Zeisberg M, Dorfman AL, McMullen JR,Gustafsson E, Chandraker A, Yuan X, Pu WT, Roberts AB, Neilson EG,Sayegh MH, Izumo S, Kalluri R. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transitioncontributes to cardiac fibrosis. Nat Med 2007;13(8):952-61.Zhai G, Cicuttini F, Ding C, Scott F, Garnero P, Jones G. Correlates of kneepain in younger subjects. Clin Rheumatol 2007;26(1):75-80.Zhai G, Ding C, Cicuttini F, Jones G. A longitudinal study of theassociation between knee alignment and change in cartilage volume andchondral defects in a largely non-osteoarthritic population. J Rheumatol2007;34(1):181-6.Zhang L, Pu K, Chai Z, Dixon JB. Family history of coronary heart diseaseis associated with a higher incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:central obesity the likely link. Obes Res Clin Pract 2007;1(2):125-31.Zhang W-Z, Lang C, Kaye DM. Determination of plasma free 3-nitrotyrosineand tyrosine by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan derivitization. Biomed Chromatogr 2007;21(3):273-8.Zimmet P. Diabesity - the biggest epidemic in human history. MedGenMed2007;9(3):39.Zimmet P. The metabolic syndrome: does it exist? MedGenMed 2007;9(3):51.Zimmet P, Alberti G, Kaufman F, Tajima N, Silink M, Arslanian S, WongG, Bennett P, Shaw J, Caprio S; International Diabetes FederationTask Force on Epidemiology and Prevention of Diabetes. The metabolicsyndrome in children and adolescents. Lancet 2007;369(9579):2059-61.Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Kaufman F, Tajima N, Silink M, Arslanian S, WongG, Bennett P, Shaw J, Caprio S; IDF Consensus Group. The metabolicsyndrome in children and adolescents – an IDF consensus report. PediatrDiabetes 2007;8(5):299-306.Zirlik A, Maier C, Gerdes N, MacFarlane L, Soosairajah J, BavendiekU, Ahrens I, Ernst S, Bassler N, Missiou A, Patko Z, Aikawa M,Schonbeck U, Bode C, Libby P, Peter K. CD40 ligand mediatesinflammation independently of CD40 by interaction with Mac-1. Circulation2007;115(12):1571-80.BooksAbraham WT, Krum H. Heart Failure: A Practical Approach to Treatment,2007. ISBN 9780071443159. McGraw Hill, USA.Cohen M (ed). Handbook of Diabetes Management, 8th edition, 2007. ISBN9780646070487. International Diabetes Institute and Servier Laboratories,Melbourne.Stewart S. A Self-fulfilling Prophecy: Building a Successful Career in HealthResearch, 2007. ISBN 9780470060711. Wiley & Sons Ltd, UK.Stewart S, Strange G (eds). A Clinician’s Guide to Pulmonary ArterialHypertension, 2nd edition, 2007. ISBN 9781841846651. InformaHealthcare, UK.Willenheimer R, Krum H. New Insights into Early Drug Treatment of ChronicHeart Failure. ISBN 9781905036066. Sherborne Gibbs, UK.Book ChaptersAskew DJ, Couglin P, Bird PI. Mouse serpins and transgenic studies.In: Silverman GA, Lomas DA (eds) Molecular and Cellular Aspects of theSerpinopathies and Disorders in Serpin Activity. 2007. World Scientific,Singapore. pp101-29.Barton DA, Joubert L, Alvarenga M, Norrie P, Brenchley C. Affectivedisorders. In: Meadows G, Singh B, Grigg M (eds) Mental Health in Australia:Collaborative Community Practice, 2nd edition. 2007. Oxford UniversityPress, USA. pp509-33.Barton DA, Joubert L, Alvarenga M, Norrie P, Brenchley C. Anxietydisorders. In: Meadows G, Singh B, Grigg M (eds) Mental Health in Australia:Collaborative Community Practice, 2nd edition. 2007. Oxford UniversityPress, USA. pp493-8.Brown A, Walsh W, Ring I. Coronary heart disease. In: Couzos S, MurrayR (eds) Aboriginal Primary Health Care: An Evidence-based Approach, 3rdedition. 2007. Oxford University Press, Melbourne. pp483-520.Chapman L. Atypical psychotic agents. In: Cohen M (ed) Handbook ofDiabetes Management, 8th edition. 2007. International Diabetes Instituteand Servier Laboratories, Melbourne. pp125-6.Cleland SJ, Shaw J. Prevention of diabetes as a means of preventingcardiovascular disease. In: Fisher M, McMurray JJ (eds) DiabeticCardiology. 2007. John Wiley & Sons, UK. pp240-57.Currey J, Dimovski S, Treloggen J. Organ donation and transplantation.In: Elliott D, Aitken LM, Chaboyer W (eds) ACCCN’s Critical Care Nursing.2007. Mosby, Elsevier, Australia. pp643-88.Davis SR. Intervention: androgens. In: Lobo RA (ed) Treatment of thePostmenopausal Woman: Basic and Clinical Aspects, 3rd edition. 2007.Academic Press, Elsevier, USA. pp799-812.Day B. The persistent vegetative state (prolonged postcomaunresponsiveness) and posthypoxic brain injury. In: Schapira AH (ed)Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience. 2007. Mosby, Elsevier, USA. pp117-28.114 PUBLICATIONS

Dixon JB, O’Brien PE. Orthopaedic conditions and obesity: changeswith weight loss. In: Buchwald H, Cowan Jr G, Pories W (eds) SurgicalManagement of Obesity. Saunders, Elsevier, USA. 2007. pp357-64.Dixon JB, O’Brien PE. Obesity surgery and the polycystic ovary syndrome.In: Kovacs GT, Norman R (eds) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, 2nd edition.2007. Cambridge University Press, UK. pp331-42.Dunstan DW, Daly RM. Exercise in older adults with diabetes. In: MunshiMN, Lipsitz LA (eds) Geriatric Diabetes. 2007. Informa Healthcare, USA.pp301-16.Edwards J, Benke GP. Occupational health, basic toxicology andepidemiology. In: Tillman C (ed) Principles of Occupational Health & Hygiene:an Introduction. 2007. Allen & Unwin, NSW. pp33-58.Eikelis N. Neurobiology of obesity. In: Bagchi D, Preuss HG (eds) Obesity:Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Prevention. 2007. CRC Press, USA.pp81-92.Hagger V. Diabetes education. In: Cohen M (ed) Handbook of DiabetesManagement, 8th edition. 2007. International Diabetes Institute and ServierLaboratories, Melbourne. pp127-32.Jaworowski A, Crowe SM. Mechanisms of HIV impairment of phagocytosisby monocytes and macrophages. In: Herbein G (ed) HIV and theMacrophage. 2007. Transworld Research Network, India. pp159-82.Kaptigau W, Rosenfeld JV. Brain and spinal tumours. In: Watters D, NiblettJ (eds) Guidelines for the Treatment of Cancer in Papua New Guinea, 3rdedition. 2007. Australasian Medical Publishing Company, Sydney.Kazemi NJ, Kaye AH, Storey E. Hydrocephalus including normal-pressurehydrocephalus. In: Schapira AH (ed) Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience.2007. Mosby, Elsevier, USA. pp825-33.Kelly L, Storey E. The ubiquitin-proteasome system in Huntington’s diseaseand other polyglutamine diseases. In: Di Napoli M, Wojcik C (eds) TheUbiquitin Proteasome System in the Central Nervous System: From Physiology toPathology. 2007. Nova Science Publishers, USA. pp793-812.Kinsella GJ, Storey E, Crawford JR. Executive function and itsassessment. In: Schapira AH (ed) Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience.2007. Mosby, Elsevier, USA. pp83-95.Krum H. Ancillary pharmacologic therapies for heart failure. In: AbrahamWT, Krum H (eds) Heart Failure: a Practical Approach to Treatment. 2007.McGraw Hill, USA. pp171-9.Krum H, Gilbert RE. Comorbidities and heart failure. In: Abraham WT, KrumH (eds) Heart Failure: a Practical Approach to Treatment. McGraw Hill, USA.2007. pp225-39.Lambert GW, Dawood T. Psychosomatic heart disease: role of sympatheticand sympathoadrenal processes. In: Fink G (ed) Encyclopedia of Stress, 2ndedition. 2007. Academic Press, Elsevier, UK. pp292-6.Lancaster GI, Febbraio MA. Mechanisms of stress-induced cellular HSP72release. In: Asea AA, De Maio A (eds) Heat Shock Proteins: Potent Mediatorsof Inflammation and Immunity. 2007. Springer, The Netherlands. pp31-38.Li H, Katik I, Liu JP. Uses of telomerase peptides in anti-tumor immunetherapy. In: Andrews LG, Tollefsbol TO (eds) Methods in Molecular Biology Vol405 – Telomerase Inhibition: Strategies and Protocols. 2007. Humana Press,Springer, USA. pp61-86.Li H, Toh BH, Liu JP. TGF-β and cancer: is Smad3 a repressor of hTERTgene? In: Liu XY, Pestka S, Shi Y, Cidlowski JA (eds) Interferons andCytokines. 2007. Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, China.pp142-50.Morrissey M, Pe-Pua R, Brown A, Latif A. Culture as a determinant ofAboriginal health. In: Anderson I, Baum F, Bentley M (eds) Beyond Bandaids:Exploring the Underlying Social Determinants of Aboriginal Health. Papers fromthe Social Determinants of Aboriginal Health Workshop, Adelaide, July 2004.2007. pp239-54.Niggemeyer LE, Srage M, Morarty J. Traumatic brain injury. In: CurtisK, Ramsden C, Friendship J (eds) Emergency and Trauma Nursing. 2007.Mosby, Elsevier, Sydney. pp733-56.O’Brien PE. LAP-BAND – technique of placement. In: Fisher JE, Bland KI(eds) Mastery of Surgery, 5th edition. 2007. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,USA. pp990-4.Priestly B, Harford A. The human health risk assessment (HHRA) ofnanomaterials. In: Hodge G, Bowman D, Ludlow K (eds) New GlobalFrontiers in Regulation: the Age of Nanotechnology. 2007. Edward ElgarPublishing, UK.Rome SI, Lee G. Nursing management: haematological problems. In:Brown D, Edwards H (eds) Lewis’s Medical-Surgical Nursing, 2nd edition.2007. Mosby, Elsevier, Sydney. pp743-99.Rosenfeld JV, Lennarson P. Coma and brain death. In: Schapira AH(ed) Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience. 2007. Mosby, Elsevier, USA.pp97-116.Scheinkestel CD, Millar IL. Hyperbaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxidepoisoning: useful therapy or unfulfilled promise? In: Penney DG (ed) CarbonMonoxide Poisoning. 2007. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, UK. pp391-435.Shaw JE. Diagnosis of diabetes. In: Cohen M (ed) Handbook of DiabetesManagement, 8th edition. 2007. International Diabetes Institute and ServierLaboratories, Melbourne. pp13-5.Shaw JE. Introduction. In: Cohen M (ed) Handbook of Diabetes Management,8th edition. 2007. International Diabetes Institute and Servier Laboratories,Melbourne. pp1-11.Shaw JE. Sleep apnea. In: Cohen M (ed) Handbook of DiabetesManagement, 8th edition. 2007. International Diabetes Institute and ServierLaboratories, Melbourne. p123.Shelton BK, Rome SI, Lewis SL, Lee G. Nursing assessment:haematological system. In: Brown D, Edwards H (eds) Lewis’s Medical-Surgical Nursing, 2nd edition. 2007. Mosby, Elsevier, Sydney. pp722-42.Smith DJ, Barton D, Joubert L. Psychological and social influenceson male sexual function. In: Kandeel FR (ed) Male Sexual DysfunctionPathophysiology and Treatment. 2007. Informa Healthcare, USA. pp85-94.Stapleton JM, Thrift AG, Saling MM, Srikanth VK. How useful are theMMSE and IQCODE in diagnosing cognitive impairment and dementia instroke patients? In: Vellas B, Fitten LJ, Feldman H, Giacobini E, GrundmanM, Winblad B, Kurz A (eds) Research and Practice in Alzheimer’s Disease, Vol12. 2007. Serdi Publisher, France. pp117-21.Storey E. The neglect syndrome. In: Schapira AH (ed) Neurology and ClinicalNeuroscience. 2007. Mosby, Elsevier, USA. pp73-82.Storey E, Kinsella G. Principles of neuropsychometric assessment. In:Schapira AH (ed) Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience. 2007. Mosby,Elsevier, USA. pp22-30.Sviridov D, Bukrinsky MI, Kingwell BA, Hoy J. HDL in health and disease:effects of exercise and HIV infection on HDL metabolism. In: Fielding CJ(ed) High-Density Lipoproteins: From Basic Biology to Clinical Aspects. 2007.Wiley-VCH, Germany. pp355-74.Talman P, Reid CM, Mathers S. The function of registries in motor neuronedisease. In: Kiernan MC (ed) The Motor Neurone Disease Handbook. 2007.Australasian Medical Publishing Company, Sydney.Teichtahl AJ, Wluka AE, Cicuttini FM. Obesity and joint disease. In:Fantuzzi G, Mazzone T (eds) Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health andDisease. 2007. Humana Press, USA. pp359-72.Toole MJ. Displaced persons in war. In: Levy BS, Sidel VW (eds) War andPublic Health, 2nd edition. 2007. Oxford University Press, USA. pp207-26.Urquhart DM, Hodges PW. Clinical anatomy of the anterolateral abdominalmuscles. In: Vleeming A, Mooney V, Stoeckart R (eds) Movement, Stability& Lumbopelvic Pain: Integration of Research and Therapy, 2nd edition. 2007.Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier, UK.Waldron A. Nutrition. In: Cohen M (ed) Handbook of Diabetes Management,8th edition. 2007. International Diabetes Institute and Servier Laboratories,Melbourne. p74.Williams TJ, Westall G, Snell G. Lung transplantation. In: Taussig L,Landau L (eds) Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, 2nd edition. 2007. Mosby,Elsevier, USA.Xu D, Li H, Liu JP. Inhibition of telomerase by targeting MAP kinasesignaling. In: Andrews LG, Tollefsbol TO (eds) Methods in Molecular BiologyVol 405 – Telomerase Inhibition: Strategies and Protocols. 2007. HumanaPress, Springer, USA. pp147-65.Electronic PublicationsCleland H, Wasiak J. Too hot for comfort. In: Morbidity and Mortality Roundson the Web. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, USA. http://www.webmm.ahrq.gov/case.aspx?caseID=166Hodgson CL, Bradley S, Davies AR, Holland AE, Keating JL, SmirneosL, Tuxen DV. Recruitment manoeuvres for adults receiving mechanicalventilation with acute lung injury. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,2007;18 July(3): CD006667.Holland AE, Hill C. Physical training for interstitial lung disease. CochraneDatabase of Systematic Reviews, 2007;24 Jan(1): CD006322.Storey E. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 20. In: GeneReviews at GeneTests.University of Washington, Seattle. http://www.genetests.orgWasiak J, Cleland H. Lidocaine for pain relief in burn injured patients.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2007;18 Jul(3): CD005622.Wasiak J, Cleland H. Topical negative pressure (TNP) for partial thicknessburns. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2007;18 Jul(3):CD006215.PUBLICATIONS 115

AMREP Research Committee StructureAlfred HealthBaker IDIBurnet InstituteMonash UniversityLa Trobe UniversityDeakin UniversityMonash Central and EasternClinical SchoolAMREP Council(incorporating the AMREPBoard of Management)Reports from operationalworking groupsAMREP ScientificAdvisory Committee(formerly AMREP Science Council)The AlfredHuman Research EthicsCommitteeAMREPAnimal EthicsCommitteeResearchReviewCommitteeGeneralEthical IssuesSub-committee116 AMREP RESEARCH COMMITTEE STRUCTURE

2008 AMREP Honours Scholarship AwardeesVibhasha ChandBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteAnthony ParkDepartment of Immunology, Monash UniversityReport production team: Liana Friedman, Heather Gallichio, Eve KovesdyDesign: abCreative ProductionsPrinting: Print Media Group