Home Com<strong>for</strong>ts ForThe TroopsDi Lawer examines the parcels sent tosoldiers in World War OneThe only responsibility placed on women at the outbreakof World War One was to encourage their mento enlist. They willingly per<strong>for</strong>med <strong>this</strong> duty <strong>for</strong> Kingand country with the result that within months alegion of wives and sweethearts were left to get onwith their lives as best they could.Beautifully drawn byHarold Copping whoexhibited at theRoyal Academy <strong>this</strong>unused <strong>card</strong>, No.3 inthe 'Home andBeauty' Series waspublished by Degen& Co of London.(below) A bi-lingualcaption on <strong>this</strong>Agnes Richardson<strong>card</strong> No. 2201 inthe 'Artistique'Series publishedby the Inter-ArtCo. Who canrecall holding theskein of wool <strong>for</strong>mother while shewound it?Encouraging men to enlist was the main 'Work <strong>for</strong> women'in the early days of the war. This unused Inter-Art Co. <strong>card</strong>is No.209Many <strong>post</strong><strong>card</strong>s depict<strong>you</strong>ng ladies sending out'goodies' to the troops.This EC Series <strong>card</strong>,No.3809D was <strong>post</strong>ed fromIl<strong>for</strong>d to Pershore in July1916. Published by Wildt &Kray it was drawn by LilianA Govey.It wasn't long, however,be<strong>for</strong>e women of all agesfelt they could do muchmore than sit at home andfret. So they began providingmaterial 'com<strong>for</strong>ts' <strong>for</strong>the soldiers, filling parcelswith cigarettes, sweets,home baking, newspapersand magazines. Womenalso discovered there was aneed <strong>for</strong> clothing of everykind and decided thatequipping the men withknitted and hand sewn garmentswas a far more practicalway of utilising theirtalents. The expressionCigarettes wereperhaps the most welcomeitem in a parcel of 'com<strong>for</strong>ts'received by troops.This CPC Series <strong>card</strong> wasissued by a Leicester firmand <strong>post</strong>ed to Mansfield in1916 Soldier Harry wasobviously impressed by thecontents of his parcel: Mydearest Aunt, Just a line tolet <strong>you</strong> know that I received<strong>you</strong>r nice letter and alsoparcel and the pie was soawfully nice. I have quiteenjoyed it and also the cake.I thank <strong>you</strong> so very much<strong>for</strong> it. I think it awfully kindof <strong>you</strong>…'home com<strong>for</strong>ts <strong>for</strong> thetroops' came to mean knittedgarments to keep thesoldiers warm during thewinter, and artists lost notime depicting women'shandicraft ef<strong>for</strong>ts on <strong>post</strong><strong>card</strong>s.Many long-established30 <strong>Picture</strong> Post<strong>card</strong> <strong>Monthly</strong> November 2009societies <strong>for</strong>medsupport groups and'com<strong>for</strong>t funds'were put into placeto purchase treatsand materials tomake the garments.The VictoriaLeague, founded in1901 after the BoerWar, turned itsattention to theplight of UK andCommonwealth<strong>for</strong>ces andbecame a receivingcentre <strong>for</strong>overseas gifts <strong>for</strong>distribution tosoldiers andrelief organisations.The VictoriaLeague'snoble ef<strong>for</strong>ts were rein<strong>for</strong>cedby The Girls FriendlySociety which had attracteda membership of nearly200,<strong>000</strong> by 1914, and <strong>you</strong>ngladies started knitting <strong>for</strong>the troops just as they hadduring the Boer War. Basicpatterns <strong>for</strong> socks and mittenswere even published inthe Society's magazine tohelp the more novice knittersamong their numbers.Campaigning suffragettesalso helped, turningfrom militancy to baking,making, knitting andsewing; Girl Guide companiesdid their bit too, andThe Dogs Trust collectedcombings from members'pets to be knitted into clothing<strong>for</strong> the troops - a practicewhich continuedthroughout the war.Support, too, came(right) Post<strong>card</strong> No.217 byartist AA Nash is from the'Two-0-nine' Series, publishernot shown but by theInter-Art Co. It was <strong>post</strong>edto Tottenham in 1916 andsuggests that even very<strong>you</strong>ng children knitted <strong>for</strong>the troops.f r o mQueen Mary's NeedleworkGuild which was <strong>for</strong>med on21 August 1914 - just 17days after war was declared- specifically to providecom<strong>for</strong>ts <strong>for</strong> serving soldiers.The QMNG also providedexact instructions onhow to knit socks and sewnightshirts to comply withmilitary standards. So asnot to deprive workers oftheir livelihood
(right) It is clear from <strong>this</strong><strong>you</strong>ng soldier's expressionthat his home made socksare too large! HGC MarshLambert is the artist on <strong>this</strong>unused CW Faulkner & Co<strong>card</strong>, CWF Series 1531.by making exactly thesame garments as manufacturers,Guild membersconcentrated their skillson items not being suppliedto servicemenunder Government contractȦs soon as war wasdeclared local peoplesprang into action settingup War Relief Funds andholding Flag Days, raisingthousands of pounds in thefirst few months. Some of<strong>this</strong> money was used to purchasesoldiers' treats aswell as wool and materials.Schools also playedtheir part in the war ef<strong>for</strong>twith pupils' subscriptionshelping to <strong>pay</strong> <strong>for</strong> cigarettes,sweets, soap andpencils, all to be sent to hospitalsand regiments behindthe front line. While schoolgirlsproduced a wealth ofknitted garments, havingbeen taught to knit from anearly age, the boys devisedvarious activities to raisefunds to buy wool and knittingneedles.Ladies <strong>for</strong>med 'knittingbees' by meeting in friends'houses to produce garments.Local ministerswere even asked in sometowns and villages whetherit was acceptable to knit onSundays! Most apparentlygave an assurance that itwas.Knitting becamealmost a full time occupation<strong>for</strong> many women whoconsidered it their ownunique <strong>for</strong>m of 'active service'.With 'unboundedzeal' they produced a multitudeof balaclavas, bodybelts, gloves, mittens, socksA cute Mabel Lucie Attwellexample from the Valentine’sSeries. Di from Hammersmithwrites to 'Mydearest old boy' telling himshe will 'send more of thestuff overleaf.and waistcoats - in fact,anything that would bringwarmth and com<strong>for</strong>t toserving soldiers. Womencould be seen knittingeverywhere - on trains, inhotels, theatres, on thebeach, in parks and, ofcourse, by their own firesidestoo.The knitting of 'com<strong>for</strong>ts',but especially socks,turned into such a nationwidecraze that the Governmenttried to call a halt to<strong>this</strong> mass production bydeclaring that the WarOffice had enough socks,thank <strong>you</strong>, and that therewere far better things onecould do to help. This producedan outcry from peoplesimply trying to 'do theirbit'. As a result Parliamentsaid it would try to regulateAnother tongue twisterhere in the words of thefamous WWI song 'SisterSusie sewing shirts <strong>for</strong> soldiers'.No publisher isgiven on <strong>this</strong> <strong>post</strong>allyunused <strong>card</strong> No.97.Tongue-twisters wereall the rage duringWWI. Naughty Nettahas found a differenttype of garment toknit! This Inter-Art Co.<strong>card</strong>, 'One-four-nine'Series No. 149, wasdrawn by FrederickSpurgin. Posted toTeignmouth in July1915 a father writesto his daughter Kathleen:Do <strong>you</strong> like <strong>this</strong>to put in <strong>you</strong>ralbum? I expect <strong>you</strong>are getting ready togo away. Have <strong>you</strong>packed all <strong>you</strong>rboxes?and co-ordinate all<strong>this</strong> voluntary productionand in September1915 thousandsof thesesmall groups weredrawn togetherunder the Office ofthe Director General of VoluntaryOrganisations.Despite these measuresthe socks kept coming,encouraged by QueenMary's appeal in theDecember 1916 issue of TheFamily Journal <strong>for</strong> evenmore socks! Many knitterswould knit the same item inthe same size again andagain so that they couldmemorise the pattern andproduce garments morequickly. The Red Cross suppliedknitting patterns <strong>for</strong>sweaters, socks, mufflers,fingerless mitts, stump coversand other garments andmany more knitting instructionswere included inwomen's magazines. TheNational War Museum stillholds a collection of printedWWI knitting patterns cataloguedunder 'Weldon'sgarments and hospital com<strong>for</strong>ts<strong>for</strong> our soldiers andsailors’ (ref. 7112-24).No doubt many soldiersappreciated a regularsupply of warm woollysocks as <strong>this</strong> little poem byHelen Bosanquet whichappeared in Punch magazinein 1916 illustrates:'I'll shape the toe and turnthe heelAnd vary ribs and plainsAnd hope some soldiermanmay feelThe warmer <strong>for</strong> my pains.'But home-made sockswere often too large, toosmall or even secondhand!The famous WWI poet WilfredOwen wrote to hismother, demanding newsocks and not darned ones.Socks were not always wellmade. One Argyll & Sutherlandofficer complainedabout the amateurish anduncom<strong>for</strong>table pair he hadreceived with no heels!A definite sewing disasterhere! Reg Carter is theartist <strong>for</strong> <strong>this</strong> 'Go-Well'Series <strong>card</strong> No.SD167. Nopublisher shown (Inter-ArtCo.) and <strong>post</strong>ed to Williton,Somerset, in May 1915.Lord Kitchener did his bestto make socks more wearable,liaising with the RedCross and inventing hisown design to include asquarish 'grafted' toe. Thismethod finished off seamsneatly without leaving anuncom<strong>for</strong>table edge andwas, thereafter, known asthe 'Kitchener Sock' or'Kitchener Stitch.'One can only imaginethe hundreds if not thousands,of unsuitable orunwanted 'home com<strong>for</strong>ts'sent out to the troops. It wassaid that so many surplusitems were received thatsoldiers invariably endedup cleaning their rifles withthem!In lesser quantitieswere the sewn garmentsmade by willing femalecontinued......<strong>Picture</strong> Post<strong>card</strong> <strong>Monthly</strong> November 2009 31