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AIRFLOWCONTROLDesign ManualSystem Componentsfor Air DistributionThe art of handling air

Experience and innovationVentilation equipment from TROX – Important componentsfor a comfortable indoor climateVentilation and air conditioning systems are calledupon to adjust indoor air quality and the conditions forheating comfort and humidity in a room so as tocomply with established requirements (EN 13779).Today, the product range provides technical solutionsfor all current applications. Office buildings, laboratories,schools, hotels and even passenger Liners are equippedwith TROX system components for air distribution.One of the primary issues in this process is roomclimate. To maintain the necessary air quality andenable economic operation of the system, all air flowsof a system must be monitored and controlled.The air-distribution equipment is thus given animportant task.TROX are one of the world’s leading manufacturersof this equipment. Our international success is basedon 35 years of development and production experienceof air terminal units and related components.The TROX production plants around the globe areequipped with air test rigs, so that every unit leavesthe factory perfectly set up to customer requirements.At TROX, we also pride ourselves on service. Installationand wiring must be checked during commissioning.The information required for this is contained in ourdocumentation. In addition, our service team can helpyou quickly and easily. For solutions with LONWorks®technology, you can trust us to handle the systemintegration.The distribution of air by an air conditioning system involves a variety of tasks, which have lead to thedevelopment of the following product groups while keeping the overall control concept in mind:Volume flow controlVARYCONTROL typeAir terminal units with auxiliary power for systempressure-independent control of a variable air flow.VARYCONTROL Easy typeAir terminal units based on the Easy philosophy:selection based on the nominal size, volume flowadjustment without additional special tools andfunctional check via indicators.Mechanical system-powered controllerVolume flow control for constant air flows.These units do not require auxiliary power.Volume flow measurementMeasurement of the air flow in duct sections, for thecontrol of slave controllers and/or for display ormonitoring.Balancing and shut offAir-tight shut-off and balancing of duct sections.Explosion protection and special solutionsVolume flow control and shut-off in explosion-protectedbuilding areas. Special units for laboratory buildings,hotels and ships.3

Air distributionSystems with variable volume flowIndoor air quality is especially important in airconditionedbuildings, where economic operation of airconditioning systems is to be taken into account.This can be achieved with variable volume flow systems.Every room or zone receives exactly the air flow raterequired to maintain the necessary criteria.The control of air flows is with control componentsrequiring auxiliary electrical or pneumatic power. In mostcases, the room temperature control results in theventilation requirement. The air quality can be consideredlikewise. Volume flow controller TVR (variable) Volume flow regulator RN (constant)20°CThe energy-savings potential can be fully utilised withdemand-based fan speed control. The static duct pressureat a reference point is used as a control variable. Systemsthat detect and optimise the damper blade position of allthe controllers are even more efficient.System combinationsVariable and constant sections can be mixed in anair-distribution system. Air terminal units for variable airflow and constant flow can be located next to one anotherin one section. Segments without volume flow controllersmust be fitted with a air terminal unit with controlcomponents for duct pressure control.●●●●●●individual control of each zonefull shut-off and other override controls possiblevarying air flow between ‡ min and ‡ max orswitching between operating pointscontrol circuits may not negatively affectone anothersetpoint value can be changed at any timeDecentralised operation of controllers can be integratedinto the building management systemDeutsche Telekom, Frankfurt, Germany5

Volume flow measurementVolume flow measurementMeasurement accuracy is of crucial importance for everyform of flow rate control. The measurement equipment of aair flow terminal unit deserves special attention for thisreason. The air flow generates a measurable pressuredifferential at a location, this is called dynamic orvelocity pressure which can be directly measured using aPrandtl pitot tube. This dynamic pressure is proportional tothe square of the air velocity and provides the volume flowwhen the cross sectional area at the measuring location istaken into account. A straight length of duct is required toprovide a uniform flow field for this type of measurement.This is the exception with systems in practice. The airterminal unit is often installed downstream of a bend.As can be seen in the figure the velocity profile distortsnear the bend. Thus, a single point measurement directlyafter the bend is inaccurate and does not provide a usableresult. Accurate results can only be achieved with ameasurement location with approximately eight hydraulicdiameters of straight ductwork downstream of thedisturbance. However using a measurement grid withmultiple measurement points distributed across the ductcross section provides much more reliable results close tothe disturbance.A sensor is necessary to provide ameasured value of flow rate for the terminalunit. This is achieved using a multi pointpressure measurement grid whichsamples acrossthe duct crosssectional areato provide anaverage value.The TROX differential pressuresensor is the optimum solutionin terms of economics andproduct technology.The sensor comprises of at least twomeasurement tubes with holes for theupstream and downstream sides.This provides good averaging in therespective measurement tubes.This sensor delivers exact results formost ventilation applications withnormal upstream flow conditions.Scope of application: office buildingVARYCONTROL TVZ and TVA with control components for integrationin building management system6

Volume flow measurementMeasurement principles of thedifferential pressure transducerAn electrical or pneumatic signal is generated from thedifferential pressure for volume flow control. The electroniccomponents can be based on one of two different methodsreferred to as dynamic and static measurement.Dynamic differential pressure measurementWith dynamic measurement, a sample of the air stream(bypass) flows through the differential pressure transducer.The transducer is built like a miniaturised velocitymeasurementduct. The transducer contains a heatedelement which loses an increasing amount of heat as theair velocity increases this can be used to provide anelectrical signal related to air flow rate.Since the sample air flow is proportional to the total airflow, the measurement signal can be calibrated to thetotal air flow, and provides a voltage signal that has alinear relationship to the air flow.This measurement principle is an economic solution forsystems in offices and similar buildings. Due to possiblecontamination of the sensor, this measurement principleshould not be used to measure air flows contaminatedwith dust and/or chemicals.A comparison of measurement proceduresComparison Dynamic StaticAir flow range 10 to 100% approx. 17 to 100%Cost 100% 250 %Criticalpollution gravity dependancecontamination driftMaintenance none recommended yearlyStatic differential pressure measurementDiaphragm pressure transducers operate based on thestatic pressure measurement principle. The sensorcomprises of a cylinder and a diaphragm between twochambers, one each for positive and negative pressure.The diaphragm is in the centre when the pressure in bothchambers is the same. A pressure differential causesthe diaphragm to move toward the side with the lowerpressure. This change in distance is a measurement of thedifferential pressure. This is why the voltage signalbehaves proportionally to the differential pressure.The volume flow controller must be adjusted to matchit and square root this signal.With this measurement principle, no air flows throughthe sensor. This means that it is not susceptible to dust.It must be noted here, however, that chemical substancescan reach the diaphragm and measurement chambers viadiffusion and cause a reaction. However the risk isconsiderably less than with the dynamic measurementmethod.UV . ~UU V .~ UV .V .7

Volume flow controlVolume flow controlVariable volume flow control withauxiliary powerThe volume flow is controlled in a closed control loop, i.e.measurement – comparison – control. The controllerreceives the current actual value based on the differentialpressure from the transducer. In most applications, thesetpoint value comes from a room temperature controller.The controller compares the actual value with the setpointvalue and alters the command signal of the damper actuatorin the event of a difference between the two values.+ -Setpoint value Differential pressure transducer Volume flow controller ActuatorChanges in duct pressureIf the duct pressure changes, e.g. due to the change in airflow of other units, this is detected and corrected by thecontroller. This prevents the room temperature beingaffected.Variable volume flowOnce the input signal is changed, the air flow is adjustedto a new setpoint value. The variable volume flow is limitedto a minimum and maximum value. Control can be changedwith the override controls, e.g. full shut-off.100 %90 %80 %70 %Damper Klappenstellung position60 %50 %40 %30 %Nürnberger Versicherungen, Nuremberg, Germany20 %10 %0 %0 50100Duct Kanaldruck pressure200500800‡ max‡‡ intermediate mittel‡ minFull Vollabsperrung shut-offVolume flowVolumenstrom8

Room temperature controlRoom temperature controlIn VAV systems, the room temperature control takes theform of a cascade control. The primary controlled variableis the room temperature. The output signal of the roomtemperature controller is not fed directly to the supply aircontrol damper, but alters the setpoint value of the supplyair volume flow rate control circuit. The volume flowcontrol also provides minimum and maximum limits for theair flow which has benefits in keeping the roomtemperature constant and for the functioning of theoverall room air conditioning system:●●Fluctuations in the duct pressure do not affectthe room temperatureMinimum air flow ensures the best possible air quality,even with minimal cooling demandSupply and extract air controlIn individual rooms and closed-off office areas, where thebalance between supply and extract air volume flow hasto be maintained. Otherwise, annoying whistling noisescan occur at door gaps, and the doors can be difficultto open. For this reason, the extract air should also havevariable control in a VAV system.Tracking control (master/slave)The actual value of the supply air is fed as an input signalto the extract air controller (slave controller). In this way,the extract air automatically follows the supply air, evenin the case where this has not reached its set point value.Under certain circumstances, it can make sense to swapthe tracking over and give the extract air the masterfunction.●Maximum air flow keeps pressure losses and noisewithin the design criteria and prevent draughts+ -+ -●Integration of the extract air into VAV mode isalso possiblet+ -Override controlsThe room temperature control can be deactivated viaoverride controls. A window switch stops ventilation ofa room when the window is open by closing the dampercontrol. A higher level of ventilation (‡ max ) or opening thecontrol damper for smoke removal is possible.tParallel controlIf the input signal of room temperature control is fed toboth the supply air and extract air controller thisprovides parallel control. Both controllers have the samesetpoint value. If the inlet pressure in a duct section istoo low, unbalanced air distribution may occur. Thesequence control is superior to parallel control due to thelink to the actual value, at least in one direction.+ -+ -tSchloß Moyland,Kleve, Germany10

+ + -Pressure controlScope of application: laboratory buildingPlastic volume flow terminal units TVLKfor the control of fume cupboards andcontrol of room pressurePressure controlDuct pressure controlDuct pressure control is also part of air distribution inroom air conditioning systems.For buildings with long corridors and many similar rooms,the control expenditure is reduced when the static pressurein a duct section is controlled. Instead of having volumeflow controllers for each room, an actuator controlledshut-off damper is used. The duct pressure control is takenover by the air terminal unit, which is equipped withcontrol components which are specifically for thispurpose.Room pressure controlThe supply and extract air tracking control describedabove approaches its limits in very low leakage rooms,such as those often seen in hospitals, clean room projectsand laboratories. For room pressure control, the staticpressure differential of a reference room is measured witha diaphragm pressure transducer and controlled with thedamper of the unit.Room pressure and duct pressure control can also beexpanded with volume flow measurement which can beused for display or tracking control.11

Fan speed controlFan speed controlMinimum pressure differentialSufficient system pressure is a requirement for trouble-freefunctioning under all operating conditions. This minimumpressure differential is documented in our technicalliterature. Allowance has to be made for pressure riseacross the fan, this must include components in the ductwork system and the duct work itself both upstream anddownstream of the air terminal unit. The calculation ofthese pressure losses are required to size the fan and thepressure regulated fan speed control.System pressure controlPressure-regulated fan speed control is the modern standard.The selection of the measurement location for ductpressure control is important in this context. Thepressure transducer is often positioned at the end ofthe longest duct run (an unsuitable point). With VAVsystems, however, there is no unsuitable point since theair flow is demand-based.If the controller found at the end of a duct run is inminimal mode, under certain circumstances the pressurein other duct runs may be insufficient.Sufficient system pressure under every operating conditionis only ensured when the pressure sensor is found near thefan before the first branch. Reduction of the setpointvalue is possible however when diversity is taken intoaccount some rooms may not achieve maximum flow.Damper blade position controlThe aforementioned fan speed control maintains a pressuresetpoint value, but does not take into account that whenthe air flow decreases, required the pressure level alsodecreases. The detection and analysis of the damperblade positions for all air terminal units leads to furtheroptimisation of the fan speed. This system respondsdynamically to the largest individual demand, regardlessof its location in the system. Special units and/or specialsoftware are required for this type of fan speed control.This is also only possible with actuators with analogueor digital position feedback.p g :p:Static pressure differentialStatic pressure setpoint value12

CONSTANTFLOWCONSTANTFLOWMechanical system-poweredRegulators for supply or extract air of constant volume flow systemsConstant volume flow regulators facilitate commissioning in constant volume systems(CVS). The desired air flow is set at an external scale (RN/EN). There is no othercomplex or time-consuming calibration. If duct sections with constant air flow arerequired in VAV systems, they must always be controlled, as other sections of thesystem are variable and can cause changes in pressure in the constant sections.Mechanical system-powered controllers are an interesting solution from a businessperspective, as commissioning costs are considerably reduced.Shopping centre at theFrauenkirche, Dresden, GermanyRN – circular controller● Regulators for constant volume flow systemsDuct installation without change to cross section● Mechanical system-poweredNo external power requiredNo wiring necessary● Option with actuatorSwitching to several setpoint valuesException: VFLEN – rectangular controller● Factory volume flow calibration and functionaltesting of each regulatorAll controllers are preset to reference volume flow ex worksUnits essentially ready for commissioning after installationNo on-site calibration required● Adjustment of the volume flowsAdjustment of the required volume flow directly at theregulator, based on the volume flow scale, no tools requiredThe plug-in volume flow limiter is set on-site beforeinstallationVFL – volume flow limiter● Unit variants with acoustic claddingIf the case-radiated noise is not adequately reduced by therespective false ceiling, the solution is a unit with additionalacoustic claddingNot possible with VFL● AccessoriesSecondary silencer for rooms with more stringent requirementson comfortReheat unit for RN and ENLip seal for RN13

VARYCONTROLVARYCONTROLVAV unitsAllianz-Versicherung,Frankfurt am Main, GermanyAir terminal units for morestringent acoustic requirementsVAV units of the VARYCONTROL type are box-style air terminalunits for supply and extract air systems. They can be used foralmost any control, regulation and shut-off tasks in room airconditioning systems, but are most ideal for systems with morestringent acoustic requirements.TVZ – VAV unit for supply air● Terminal units for variable volume flow systemsReduction of the flow velocity (pressure reduction)outlet with rectangular cross sectionIntegral silencer● Hygiene criteriaHygienically tested pursuant to VDI 6022● Air-tightness at full shut-offLeakage air flow pursuant to DIN EN 1751TVA – VAV unit for extract air● Electronic or pneumatic control componentsTROX controller or the controllers of well-known controllermanufacturers allow project-specific solutions● Factory volume flow calibration and functionaltesting of each unitUnits are essentially ready for commissioning after installationNo on-site calibration required● Adjustment of the volume flows possibleAdjustment to local conditions are made directly at the controller,for example with an adjuster unitTVM – VAV unit for dual-duct systems● Measurement and display of the current volume flowThe current actual value of the air flow providedas a voltage signalBus-capable controllers transfer the actual value as a variable● Unit variants with acoustic claddingIf the case-radiated noise is not adequately reduced by therespective false ceiling, the solution is a unit with additionalacoustic cladding● AccessoriesSecondary silencer TS, for rooms with the most stringentrequirements for comfortReheat unit for TVZLip seal14

VARYCONTROLVAV controllerHamburg Airport,Hamburg, GermanyVAV controller for supply or extract air fora variety of applicationsVAV controllers of the VARYCONTROL type are the functionalequivalent of the box units when it comes to control. They aredesigned without an integral silencer, however, and cannot beused for applications with more stringent acoustic requirementswithout additional attenuation.The same unit type is used for supply and extract air applications.TVR – circular controller● Controllers for variable volume flow systemsDuct installation without change to cross section● Air-tightness at shut-offLeakage air flow pursuant to DIN EN 1751Exception: TVJ● Electronic or pneumatic control componentsTROX controller or the controllers of well-known controllermanufacturers allow project-specific solutionsTVJ/TVT – rectangular controller● Factory volume flow calibration and functionaltesting of each unitUnits are essentially ready for commissioning after installationNo on-site calibration required● Adjustment of the volume flows possibleAdjustment to local conditions are made directly at thecontroller, for example with an adjuster unit● Measurement and display of the current volume flowThe current actual value of the air flow provided as avoltage signalBus-capable controllers transfer the actual value as a variableTVRK – plastic circular controller● Unit variants with acoustic claddingIf the case-radiated noise is not adequately reduced by therespective false ceiling, the solution is a unit with additionalacoustic claddingNot possible with TVRK● AccessoriesSecondary silencer, for rooms with more stringent requirementson comfortLip sealReheat unit15

VARYCONTROLEasy typesBluewater Retail-Park,Greenhithe, EnglandAir terminal units for standardised applicationsEasy in the whole configuration● Selection based on nominal size of ductFacilitates ordering and allocation at the construction site● Volume flow adjustmentRead adjustment value from the volume flow scale of the controller andset at the potentiometers● Functional checkAn indicator shows the set stateTVZ-Easy/TVA-Easy – VAV unit● Control units for variable volume flow systems● Air-tightness at full shut-offLeakage air flow pursuant to DIN EN 1751Exception: TVJ-Easy● TROX Compact controllerTried-and-tested technology comprising of a transducer,controller and actuator● Factory functional testing of each unitUnits are essentially ready for commissioning after installationNo on-site calibration requiredTVR-Easy – circular controller● Adjustment of the volume flows possibleAdjustment of the required volume flows (‡ min and ‡ max )directly at the controller, without an adjuster unit● Measurement and display of the current volume flowThe current actual value of the air flow provided as avoltage signal● Unit variants with acoustic claddingIf the case-radiated noise is not adequately reduced by therespective false ceiling, the solution is a unit with additionalacoustic claddingTVJ-Easy/TVT-Easy – rectangular controller● AccessoriesSecondary silencer, for rooms with more stringentrequirements for comfortReheat unitLip seal16

Volume flow measurement equipmentVolume flow measurement equipmentMeasurement equipment for supply or extract airin room air conditioning systems of all typesKlinikum, Düsseldorf,GermanyVMR – circular measuring unit● Manual detection of the air flowMeasurement of the differential pressure and calculationof the air flow for commissioning, acceptance or testing● Continuous air flow measurementConversion of the differential pressure measurement ofa transducer into a voltage signal and then display orintegration into the building management systemVME – rectangular measuring unit● Measured value detection for tracking controllerMeasures the total air flow of a duct section, which might bepressure-controlled, for example, and enables tracking controlof, for example, the extract air, with the same percentage+ -VMRK/VMLK – circular plastic measuring unit+ -17

EXCONTROLEXCONTROLBuilding components for explosion zonesControl and shut offin explosion-hazardous areasRN-Ex/EN-Ex – mechanical system-powered● ATEX 95 DirectiveThe basis for configuring electrical equipment in explosionhazardousareas is the ATEX 95 Directive● Area of validityTROX products are suitable for explosion-hazardous areas ofGroup II, Zones 1 and 2● ATEX-compliant constructionComponents coming into contact with the air flow, made ofstainless steel and thus resistant to chemicals (DIN 8078)TVR-Ex – circular controller● ATEX certificationTROX units designed and certified pursuant to ATEX criteriaManufacturer certificates are available for electricalcomponentsAK-Ex – shut-off damper18

Control conceptsControl conceptsUnit concept for controlThe overall control of a room or zone consists of severalindividual functions. We will consider only the functionsrelevant for air conditioning here.As described above, control occurs with one control circuiteach for the room temperature and the volume flow. Eachcontrol circuit has a measuring element, a setpoint valueunit, a controller and an actuator.Room temperature control circuit:● temperature sensor● setpoint value adjuster● room temperature controllerVolume flow control circuit:● differential pressure transducer● volume flow controller● actuatorScope of application: teaching and research VARYCONTROL TVZ and TVA with controlcomponents for integration in building management system and RN/ENUniversity of Maastricht, NetherlandsThese functions can be achieved with separate units.Since the installation and wiring expenditure for thissolution is considerable, controller manufacturers havedeveloped units that combine two or more functions.An appropriate solution for a variety of applications is thecombination of air conditioning functions into a so-calledcompact controller and the integration of the temperaturesensor and the setpoint value adjuster in the roomtemperature controller casing. In this case, there is a clearassignment of warranty to the ventilation and controlsuppliers. Integration into the building managementsystem is possible, but often not provided.A variety of concepts are available on the market to fulfilproject-specific requirements. The following overviewshows several possibilities.Function with separate unitFunctionTemperature sensorSetpoint value adjusterRoom temperature controllerDifferential pressure transducerActuatorVolume flow controllerPurposeMeasurement at another location, e.g. in the extract ductController and/or sensor not in the occupied zoneController as function module in a DDCUsually when static pressure function is required, but not availableas a compact controllerGreater actuating torque required, or spring return specifiedCertain functions, e.g. override controls required, ortransducer or actuator are separate23

Control componentsControl componentsCompact controller as a solution for many applicationsCombining several functions in a single casing facilitates installation and wiring.Compact unit+ -● differential pressure measurement● volume flow controller● actuatorVolume flow adjustmentThe volume flows ‡ max and ‡ min are stored as parameters.An adjuster unit is required for altering the values.It also enables remote adjustment, thus it avoids the necessityfor access through the false ceiling. If adjustment directly at thecontroller is desired, we recommend the TROX Compact (Easy).227V / NMV-D2-MP / TROX Compact (Easy) – compact controllerUniversal controller for special applicationsSome applications require the selection of a universal controller, e.g. for override of groups of controllers.If spring return actuators are to be used for fire-safety functions, a universal controller is also necessary.+ -● Controller/Transducer and actuator separateSpecified actuator to provide greater torque or provide asafety function (spring return)● Volume flow adjustmentThe volume flows ‡ max and ‡ min are set at potentiometers.This requires access to the unit, but dispenses with the needfor the adjuster unit. (VRD2 only)VRD2 / GUAC-D3 – universal controller24

Control componentsStatic pressure measurement mode for extract air containing dustThe differential pressure sensing based on static pressure measurement is possible with a separate diaphragm pressure transducer.+ -● Diaphragm pressure transducerFor contaminated extract air or for rapid measured valuedetection● Separate actuatorCombination with standard operating mechanism, high torqueor safety function is availableGUAC-S3 / VRP / VFP300 – controller with static pressure transducerControl system for laboratories, hospitals and clean roomsSelf-adapting controller with high-speed actuators for areas where rapid responses are required.These might include fume cupboards or pressure regulated relatively air-tight rooms.+ -● Diaphragm pressure transducerFor contaminated extract air or for rapid measured valuedetection● High-speed actuatorFor a 90° angle of rotation, this actuator requires only 5secondsResults in rapid control responseUnit size has upper limitVRP-M / VFP300 / NMQB24-SRV-ST – controller with static pressure transducer and high-speed actuator25

Control componentsDifferential pressure controller for room pressure or duct pressure controlAir terminal units can also be used to control room pressure differentials and duct pressures.● Diaphragm pressure transducerMeasurement range of 100 Pa for room pressure controland 600 Pa for duct pressure control● Setpoint value adjustmentAdjustment of the setpoint value of pressure at apotentiometer. This requires access to the unit, butdispenses with the need for the adjuster unit. (VRP-STP only)GUAC-P1(P6) / VRP-STP / VFP100(600) – duct pressure and room pressure controllerDamper actuators● Volume flow controlOptimised as actuator for volume flow control● Voltage supplyVoltage supplied by controller, i.e. no separate wiring required● Run timeApprox. 120 to 300 seconds for 90°. Guaranteed stable control of the volume flowControl of the fan speed also remains stable with this approachDamper actuator● StandardTorque sufficient for all TROX units with circular duct connectionand smaller rectangular controllers227-024-08-V238-024-15-VNM24A-VAF24-VSpring return actuator● Safety functionIf the voltage supply fails, the actuator moves to the end stop.This must be specified on the order then the actuator is installedaccordinglyDamper actuator with high torque● Power packHigh torque, especially for large-area rectangular dampers227-024-15-VSM24A-V26

System integrationSystem integrationIntegration into building management systemEnergy management for all room air conditioning systems of a building doesnot make sense without the integration of air distribution into the buildingmanagement system (BMS).Switching to the actual values is sufficient for central display and logging of thelocal conditions. Additional control tasks and access to the parameters can onlybe achieved with the corresponding bus technology.Switching on voltage signalsBMSDDC-outstationMeasured value recording (monitoring)The volume flow controller provides the actual value ofthe air flow in the form of a voltage signal. This data itemis integrated into the building management system linkedwith the analogue input of a DDC outstation.Setpoint valueActual value0-10 VVAV controllerSetpoint valueActual value0-10 VVAV controllerDDC controlThe room temperature control loop is in the DDCoutstation in this case. The setpoint value reaches thevolume flow controller via the analogue output.Standardised bus communicationVAVVVS VAVLONLONBMSLONLONVAVVAVLONWorksLONWorks is a company-independent open technology forbuilding automation. The control components, even thosefrom different manufacturers, communicate with oneanother by exchanging standardised variables. Centralisedcommunication and control is optional. This allows forpartial operation even if several units fail.VAVVAVVAVVAVLONVAVSytem integrationFunctioning of the control circuits, which traditionallyhave conventional wiring, occurs with a logical variablelink (binding) with LON technology. Consideration ofsystem integration must be addressed in the design stagesand should only be entrusted to engineers with experiencein this activity.LON unitsEvery field unit featuring a LON network chip isintegrated directly. Other units require a LON coupler,which converts the voltage signals into network variables.An additional system allows the connection of up to eightvolume flow controllers to a LON coupler.27

Design criteriaDesign criteriaVolume flow rangesChecklist for selecting air terminal units● Volume flow rangesPrimarily, the units are sized based on the maximum airflow (‡ max ). We recommend not going as high as thenominal air flow (‡ nom ), but rather leaving the scopefor subsequent increase.● Aerodynamic designDesign of the ducting layout and duct pressure controlare carried out with consideration of the minimumpressure differential. You must ensure that sufficientair duct pressure is available under every operatingcondition and for every controller.● Acoustic designAllowances have to be made for all noise sources toestablish an estimate of sound pressure level in theroom. If the preliminary calculations in terms ofa single figure criteria ( db(A), NC ) shows valuesthat approach the specified room requirements werecommend that a detailed octave band analysis isundertaken.Aerodynamics● Control componentsThe selection of control components is carried outbased on the overall control concept. The decidingfactor is the issue of whether the individualcontrollers are to be integrated into networks in thebuilding management system or whether a decentralisedstandalone system is configured. For compactcontrollers, there are options for either system.dB● Fire protectionAir terminal units can be included in fire protectiondesign, for example, safety related actuators whichallow rapid smoke removal in case of fire.Acoustics● Installation designIn the design phase, you should ensure that the controlcomponents mounted on the units remain accessible forcommissioning and maintenance.+ - + -● Materials, hygieneThe materials of the units must be tested for specialapplications. For example, the cleanliness classesrequired for clean rooms.Fire protectionPower off opening● Installation accessoriesInstallation accessories such as lip seals provide a quickand simple installation of the units.28

DocumentationDocumentationTechnical leaflet● Technical dataUnit description, materials, aerodynamic and acousticdata and dimensions are contained in the technicalleaflets.● Specification textsAll the important features of the unit and the materialsused are described in the specification texts.These texts ensure that only high-quality units areaccepted.Technical leafletProduct information on thecontrol components● Areas of application and functional descriptionThe project-specific selection of control componentscan be carried out reliably based on productcharacteristics● OperationFor commissioning, it is especially important to knowwhat parameters are available, how they can be set andhow this is performed.Product information● Wiring and commissioningWiring examples can be used directly with manyapplications. Information on commissioning helps thetechnician on site.Selection of the unitswith the design program● Menu-driven operationEasy operation of the program interface, just as manyother Windows and Internet applications.Design program● Unit selectionA systematic review of function characteristics and materialrequirements occurs using a search tree, with theresult being an appropriate project-specific unit selection.● Project managementThe design results: Specification texts, prices, acousticand aerodynamic data are saved and assigned tospecific projects.TROX on the InternetInternet● www.troxtechnik.comAll documentation is published on the Internet29

Unit selectionTVM TVZ TVZ-Easy TVA TVA-Easy TVR TVR-EasyTypeSystem typeSupply airExtract airDual-duct (supply air)Air duct connection,high-pressure sideCircularRectangularVolume flow rangeto m 3 /hl/s6048 6048 6048 6048 6048 6048 60481680 1680 1680 1680 1680 1680 1680Air qualityFilteredOffice extract airDirtyContaminatedT, A T, A T, A, D T, A, DControl functionVariableConstantMin/MaxPressure controlMaster/SlaveMaximum limitationT, AMFull shut-offLeakageAir-tightnessAcoustic requirementHighMid

TVRK TVT TVT-Easy TVJ TVJ-Easy RN RNS EN VFL3690 36360 36360 36360 36360 5040 504 12096 9001025 10100 10100 10100 10100 1400 140 3360 250T T, A, D T, A, D T, A, D T, A, D T, D T, D T, D TT, D T, D TAAD, A D, A D, A D, A D, A D, AT A A A A A A31

Project executionProject executionRapid order processing withunique order codeTVZD/160/D1/XB0/E0-320-780m 3 /hOrder code● OrderWe recommend using TROX order codes when orderingThey uniquely identify our products and avoid the needfor return inquiries.● Order confirmationThe units are always defined by their order code in theorder confirmation.● Order status on the InternetEvery customer has the option, after activation, oftracking the status of his/her orders on our websites.Factory calibrationfacilitates commissioningOnline customer centre – TROX NET● WiringAll control components installed on the unit are wiredat the factory. At the construction site, only theexternal connections need to be attached and thewiring checked.● Functional testingSince all volume flow-relevant parameters have beenadjusted, commissioning is limited to functionaltesting. The ‡ min and ‡ max may need to be set usingthe scale. Measurements are not required.CommissioningAir terminal unitsare mechanically maintenance-free● Functional testingThe units are mechanically maintenance-free, i.e. nolubrication work is necessary. Annual functional testingis recommended and for certain industrial applicationsit is required.Maintenance● Diaphragm pressure transducerThe output signal of diaphragm pressure transducers isnot stable in the long-term. Checking and adjusting ofthe zero point is required at least once annually.This service is not required for newer transducers withautomatic zeroing.32

CommissioningCommissioningAir flow testingThe requirements for commissioning and acceptance of airconditioning systems are stipulated in DIN EN 12599.The functionality of the system is then to be verified.Measurement of the air flows is extremely helpful here,as both the function and the output are confirmed to becorrectly set.Visual checkingAdjustment and monitoring controldirectly at the controllerUniversal controllers have adjustment potentiometers forV min and V max . Measurement of the air flow occurs via avoltage signal.With the TROX Easy controller, an indicator shows whetherthe air flow is as it should be.Commissioning with adjusterCommissioning with adjuster unitsControllers without adjustment potentiometers cannot bereset without additional aids. One possibility is the use ofan adjuster unit. Potentiometers or buttons and a displayare used to reset the values.Remote adjustment, for example from the switch gearcabinet, is an advantage when the required signal is wiredto this location.Commissioning with laptop and the TROX Service ToolA Service Tool provides the most options. The laptop isconnected to the volume flow controller via an interface.All values are displayed clearly in physical units. Changesare made simply and securely.The recording of trends is possible and is very helpfulwhen commissioning.Commissioning with TROX Service Tool33

ReferencesBurj Al Arab,Dubai, United Arab Emirates34

ReferencesReferencesAirportHamburgAirportMunichAntenne BayernMunichArena auf SchalkeGelsenkirchenAxel SpringerBerlinBASFLudwigshafenBausparrkasseSchwäbisch HallBHWHamelnBMWMunichBoehringerIngelheimCampeon NeubibergMunichCommerzbankNurembergDresdner BankDüsseldorfEurogressAachenForschungszentrumJülichGivaudan AromenDortmundHerzzentrum at the Universiyof CologneCologneHochhausensemble Münchener TorMunichHochzeitshausHamelnHotel QuellenhofAachenIce RinkMannheimIMOTEXNeussCentral Station,Berlin, GermanyKaufhaus BreuningerNurembergKö-HausDüsseldorfLehrter Bahnhof BügelbautenBerlinMST.factoryDortmundNRW-BankDüsseldorfOldenburgische LandesbankOldenburgParkhotelEuskirchenPeek & CloppenburgDüsseldorfRoche DeutschlandPenzbergRWTHAachenSiemensMunichSparkasseWuppertalStadtcenterDürenTechnical SchoolKrefeldTierlaborErlangenUniversity of DuisburgDuisburgBBCLondon, UKBiblioteca MunicipalPamplona, SpainBurj al ArabDubai, United Arab EmiratesGuggenheim MuseumBilbao, SpainHotel HiltonSao Paulo, BrazilLa Cité de l’eauParis, FranceMillenium-TowerVienna, AustriaNestléCopenhagen, DenmarkPalazzo di GiustiziaTurin, ItalyParlamento de NavarraPamplona, SpainTirolean National ClinicInnsbruck, AustriaTorre Nord - San BenignoGenoa, ItalyVienna Twin-TowersVienna, AustriaViforFribourg, Switzerland35

Head Office GermanyTROX GmbH Phone +49(0)28 45 / 2 02-0Heinrich-Trox-Platz Fax +49(0)28 45 / 2 02-2 65E-Mail trox@trox.deD-47504 Neukirchen-Vluyn www.troxtechnik.comSubsidiariesAustraliaTROX Australia Pty LtdAustriaTROX Austria GmbHBelgiumS.A. TROX Belgium N.V.BrazilTROX do Brasil Ltda.BulgariaTROX Austria GmbHChinaTROX Air Conditioning Components(Suzhou) Co., Ltd.CroatiaTROX Austria GmbHCzech RepublicTROX Austria GmbHDenmarkTROX Danmark A/SFranceTROX France SarlGermanyFSL GmbH & Co. KGHESCO Deutschland GmbHGreat BritainTROX UK Ltd.TROX AITCS Ltd.Hong KongTROX Hong Kong Ltd.HungaryTROX Austria GmbHItalyTROX Italia S.p.A.MalaysiaTROX Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.NorwayTROX Auranor Norge ASPolandTROX Austria GmbHRussiaTROX KlimatechnikaSerbia & MontenegroTROX Austria GmbHSouth AfricaTROX South Africa (Pty) LtdSpainTROX España, S.A.SwedenTROX Auranor Svenska ABSwitzerlandTROX HESCO Schweiz AGUnited Arab EmiratesTROX Middle East (LLC)USATROX USA, Inc.Foreign RepresentativesAbu DhabiArgentinaBosnia-HerzegovinaChileCyprusEgyptFinlandGreeceIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIrelandIsraelJordanKoreaLatviaLebanonLithuaniaNetherlandsNew ZealandOmanPakistanPhilippinesPortugalRomaniaSaudi ArabiaSlovak RepublicSloveniaSwedenTaiwanThailandTurkeyUkraineUruguayVenezuelaVietnamZimbabweS/AFC/EN/1 (5/2007)