disability-history-timeline-2013

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Social advances1894The British Medical Journal (BMJ) beginsa campaign to improve standards ofcare for older, sick and disabled peoplein workhouses. Over the next two years,workhouses across England and Wales arevisited by a BMJ ‘commission’ and theirinspection reports, often very shocking, arepublished in the Journal. The BMJ’s effortsresult in improvements in the standard ofcare provided.1899The National League of the Blind forms asa trade union.1909The Royal Commission on the Poor Lawsproposes a state universal safety net forcitizens. The lack of a positive response totheir proposals leads to the development ofthe Labour Party.1916British Braille becomes the Englishlanguage standard because of the wealthof code already available in the BritishEmpire. Previously New York Point andAmerican Braille were used in the USA.1918The end of the First World War heightensawareness of physical impairment issues.1.5 million people have lost limbs, areblinded, become deaf or suffer severemental trauma or brain damage duringthe four-year conflict. People who suffershell shock are classed as mentally ill and,if badly affected, are sent to an institution.1937A report on health services by Political andEconomic Planning points out that thepoor treatment received by some in formerworkhouses has led to impairments. It callsfor the setting up of a national healthservice. It was thought to have influencedthe later Beveridge Report (1942).26
Social advances1941As the war economy booms, a severelabour shortage looms. The Governmentintroduces a scheme to train and employdisabled people. Out of 185,000 peoplepreviously considered unemployable, allbut 18,000 are employed.1942However benefits to disabled peoplewill depend on the causes rather thanthe consequences of impairment. Warpensions are more generous than thosefor industrial accidents and old age, andthemselves dependent on the rank ofthe ex-serviceman. All pensions dependon medical assessments of rather crudemeasurements of impairments.1943The Tomlinson Report states that:‘Disablement need not be a bar toeconomic employment.’ However, inpractice, disabled people are more likelyto be unemployed, and for longer.The Beveridge Report highlights ‘fivegiant evils’ on the road to reconstruction:want, disease, ignorance, squalor andidleness. Health and social security are tobe improved through the creation of anational health service and extensions toexisting social insurance.1948The National Health Service (NHS) isfounded. Former voluntary hospitals andPoor Law infirmaries all become part ofthe NHS.1975The United Nations Declaration on theRights of Disabled Persons is ratified.27
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Page 46 and 47: Key individuals19741974Alf Morris,
Page 48: CreditsEditorLoren Grant, NHS North

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