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This is the true joy in life, being used fora purpose recognized by yourself asmighty one; the being a force of naturinstead of a feverish, selfish little clod ofailments and grievances, complainingthat the world will not devote itself tomaking you happy.I am of the opinion that my life belongsto the community, and as long as I live,it is my privilege to do whatever I can.I want to be thoroughly used up when Idie, for the harder I work, the more I live.I rejoice in life for its own sake.Life is no brief candle for me. It is sort ofa splendid torch which I have got hold of -for a moment, and I want to make it burnbrightly as possible before handing it onto future generations"-George Bernard Shaw -

1998 Philmont Order of the Arrow Trail Crew"In the Spirit of Service"ThisBook Is Dedicated to theNational Orderof theArrow CommitteeandthePhilmont Scout Ranch Management.Thank You forworking together to provideyouth the opportunity to experience atrueadventure of the spirit.

PHILMONT OA TRAIL CREW COMMITTEEnnPhilmont StaffTodd TurnerDavid StoweJared FarleyAssociate Director of Conservatlon-DA TrailCrew;Gainesville, FLAssistant Director of OATrailCrew; Columbia, MOAssistant Director of OATrail Crew; Garland. TXPhilmont Scout Ranch ManagementWilliam SpiceFrank ReigelmanDickMahalikDoug PalmerMark GriffinNational Director of High AdventureDirector of ProgramAssociate Director of ProgramAssociate Director of ProgramDirector of Training CenterAdvisersGene SchnellMattWalkerCarey MillerSteve WillisNational OACommittee, Lead Adviser; St.Charles, MONational OACommittee. ViceChairman of Program;Rlchardson,TXAssociate National OADirector; Irving, TXDirector of Camping Headquarters Services;Montgomery. ALNational OfficersMatMillesonDavid PetrushEd PeaseClyde MayerNational Chiefof the Order of the Arrow; Farmington. NMNational Vice-Chief of the Orderof theArrow; Vestal, NYNational OA Committee. Chairman; Terre Haute. INNational OACommittee, Director; Irving, TX

-Dea r Brother,Welcome 10 the Order ctthe Arrow Trail Crew Staff. You arepart of a group that values learning. personal growlh, selfreliance,and professionalism. You are also a mem ber of theConservation Deparlme nl that lakes pride in hard work and apositive altitude.Since Ihe inception of the program, four years ago, thisprog ram has had the intention of bringing youth Ar rowmenfrom across the nation closer 10 Ihe Order's service andcamping traditions. This is your opportunity to perpetuate richScout camping adventure and traditions.As a member of the Philmont Statl, you are consi dered amon gthe lop outdoor leaders in the Boy Scout s and the Order of lh eArrow. Ahead of you is a unique opportunity 10 shape futureleaders for our programs. You wi ll be a constant role modelthrou ghout the summer, so do your best to maintain a positivealtit ude, fleXibility, and humb le pride.-Within Ihe pages of this book there is a wide rang e ofinformation. If lor any reason, you leelthat your questions arenot answered within this material or would like a more detailedanswer 10your question, please do not hesitate 10 approach amembe r of the leadership at any time. Knowledge breedsconfidence, so be sure to know the informa tion contained inthis book.This summer will be a rewarding expe rience, one that will staywith you throughout your lifetime . You will have the opportunityto put to use every skill, technique, and inspiration Scoutinghas provided you. I look forward to workin g w ith you thissummer as we provid e a hallmark experience in the lives ofhundreds of Arrow men from across the country.Yours in Servic e.Todd Turn erAssociate Director of ConservationOrder of the Arrow Trail CrewPhilmon t Scout Ranchii

nnnnSources:Ranger Fieldbook, Philmont Scout RanchConservation Manual. Philmont Scout RanchOrder of the Arrow Handbook1995 and1996editions written andedited by Marty Tschetter1997edition revised by P.JI Parmar1998edition revised by David StoweAcknowledgments:Wewouldliketo thank thefollowing people for helping withtheongoing revision ofthismanual, and withthecontinued success ofthe OATrailCrewprogram: '95.'96,and'97. OAConservation Staffs, Courtney Allen, JohnAlllne, ScottBeckett. SethBrown. JackButler. Mike Edwards. Luke Fitzgerald. Greg Hazlehurst. Matt Laudone,Carey Miller, Ryan Miske. P.JI Parmar, Frank Reigelman, Gene Schnell, JoeScionti, Marty Tschetter. Dean Tooley. Matt Walker. and Steve Willis. Yourdedication Is the ingredient thatmakes this program so strong.- Todd, David. Jarediii

\.-I~~~\.-I~~W\.-IUUUUUU"'--JUUU~\.-IUUWWUUUUUUUUTABLE OF CONTENTS1998OATRAIL CREW FRAMEWORK 1FOREMAN SCHEDULE 7FOREMAN SCHEDULE BY WEEK 10SCHEDULE DETAILS 13THE OATRAIL CREW PROGRAM 21ELEMENT CHECKLIST 35REFERENCE MATERIALS 37INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 37SHAKEDOWN 42SETTING UP CAMP 50IN·CAMP SKILLS 53HIKING 59SPECIAL AND DANGEROUS CAMPING SiTUATION.................... 64FIRST AID& EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 67EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 67CPR 69FIRST AID 71PHILSAR OPERATIONS 78BACKCOUNTRY CAMP INFORMATION 80GROUP DYNAMICS 82CREWS AND GENDER ISSUES 85IMPACT 86BUS TOUR INFORMATION 87WILDERNESS QUOTES 101CEREMONIES 119iv

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1998 OATRAIL CREW FRAMEWORKObjectives, Organization, Policies, and HistoryPurpose of the BoyScouts of America:Itspurpose Isto promote, through cooperation with other agencies, theabilityof youth to dothings forthemselves andothers, andto teach them patriotism,courage. self-reliance, andkindred virtues. Inachieving thispurpose, emphasisIsplaced upon itseducational program and theoaths, promises. andcodes forcharacter development. citizenship training. and mental andphysical fitness.TheScout Oathor Promise, Scout Law, Declaration of Religious Principle, andScouting Alms andMethods areamong thefoundation of the BSA.Philmont Camping Mission Statement:Thepurpose of Philmont Scout Ranch Isto serve localcouncils byproviding anoutstanding HighAdventure experience for olderBoySocuts, Varsity Scouts,Venture Scouts andExplorers. Programs aredesigned toachelve theprincipalobjectives of the Boy Scouts of America: to build character, to fosterparticipating citizenship andto develop physical, mental andemotional fitness.Philmont points of emphasis Include: a quality staff, adventurous proram,developing values Inparticipants, safety inprogram elements, andstewardshipof theenvironment.Purpose of the Order:To recognize those campers-Scouts and Scouters-who best exemplify theScout Oath and LawIn theirdaily livesand by such recognition cause othercampers to conduct themselves in such a manner as to warrent recognition.To develop andmaintain camping traditions and spirit.Topromote Scout camping, which reaches Itsgreatest effectiveness asa partof the unit'scamping program. both year-round andIn the summer camp, asdirected by thecamping committee of thecouncil.Tocrystallize theScout habitof helpfulness Intoa life purpose of leadership incheerful service to others.1998 Orderof the Arrow Trail Crew Objectives:Fellowship: Bring Arrowmen together from across the nation in fellowship.Inspiration: Inspire participants to a greater commitment to cheerful service.Philmont: Achieve these objectives by subscribing to the Philmont MissionStatementTrail Building: Build a quality trailfor the betterment of Philmont.UniqueProgram:Provide anoutdoor education andleadership experience forparticipants byusing themethods of Scouting andtheOrder of theArrow.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOKPHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

1998Order of the Arrow Trail CrewTheme:"In the Spirit ofService"Objectives of OA Trail CrewStaff Members:As an OA Trail Crewstaffmember, yourobjectives shouldinclude:• Toprovide every camper withawholesome andsafeexperience thatmeets hishighexpectations.• To help campers develop a keen awareness and appreciation for thegreatoutdoors and to motivate them to assume the responsibility for living inharmony withnature.• To helpfulfillthe basicobjectives of the BoyScouts of America, i.e., characterbuilding, citizenship training, andphysical and mental fitness through personalexamples and creative educational programs.• To help achieve the high objectives given by Waite Phillips in his Philmontdedication.• Todemonstrate anenthusiastic Scouting. OrderoftheArrow, andConservationspiritandleadership.• To exemplify the principles of the Scout Oath and Law, and the Order of theArrow Obligation.• Topromote aspiritofgenuine friendliness, understanding of others needs, andcooperation.• To encourage and inspire the youth in your care to continue to promote theScouting movement back at their respective troops. districts, chapters andlodges.As an OAForeman you should aimto:• Serve yourcampers to the bestof yourability• Aimto liveby the highideals of the BoyScouts andthe Order of theArrow• Lead by example• Establish a safeworkenvironment• Effectively teach the OA, camping, andtrail building programsServing campers during their high adventure program Is number one on the list.Foremen enthusiastically welcome theirparticipants, assist through Headquarters,take them into the backcountry, teach camping skills, build a trail, take a trek,perform ceremonies, and supervise crews during theirtwo-week stayat Philmont.Youwillhave totryto doyourbesttobeanexpert in manyareas: friendship, guide.teacher, wilderness affairs, human relations, leadership, backpacking, trailbuilding,emergency procedures, andmotivation. It is a 24-hour-a-day job for the 15 daysthatyouarewithyourcrew. It Is a timewhere youwillfind yourself ona pedestal.You must do your best to be strong mentally and physically, to be flexible andpositive, to be a leader, to becheerful, andto bean Arrowman, in the highest andbroadest sense of the word.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 2 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

Staff Organization:TheConservation Department wasestablished in 1971 tooversee theconservationandlandmanagement process at Philmont. As a department, we assist andtrainenvironmental program counselors whoare directly involved with promoting lowimpactcamping techniques among campers. The Conservation Department isresponsible for the vast network of trails as well as overseeing soli and waterprojects.uuuwwuuTheDirector of Conservation hastotalresponsibility forall facets ofthedepartmentduring the camping season and reports to the Director of Program. TheConservation' Department Is responsible for maintaining standards of all thecampsites, bear cables. sumps, fire rings, trail signs, trails. environmentalawareness programs, andtrailcrewprograms.Four Associate Directors of Conservation (ADC's) share responsibility for thevarious divisions ofthe department: WorkCrews. Conservationists. TrailCrew, andOATrail Crew. EachADC has specialized administrative functions for the entireConservation staff. TheField Supervisor oversees thelayout ofnewtrailandmakessuretrail construction Is builtto proper specifications.OATrailCrew leadership consists of theADC andtwoAssistant Directors. both ofwhom report directly to the ADC. In general, each assistant Is responsible toImplement program, organize logistics, aid In training, andcoach and establish arapport with theOATrailCrew staff. If a Foreman getshurtor needs to bereplacedInthefield, anAssistant Director mighttakehisplace. Specific components of theOATrailCrewprogram areassigned toeachoftheAssistant Directors. Lastly, theyaid Inevaluating the Foremen andAssistant Foremen during the summer.TheOA Foremen will provide leadership and supervision to crews of participantsdUring trailbuilding andconservation projects. Theyareresponsible forallelementsof theOA program.A third position which exists is that of Site Coordinator (formerly Lead Foreman).TheSiteCoordinator position wascreated to maximize efficiency of operations attheworksiteandIn BaseCamp. Additional Responsibilities willInclude:• Act asa liaison between leadership and Foremen.• Serve as a leaderandfacilitator withthe Foremen In theirrotation.• Serve as Immediate evaluators of the Foremen while Assistant Directorsserve as primary evaluators.• Assist withstafftraining.Please review yourjob description fora full characterization of yourposition.Philmont Policies:The Philmont Staff Guidebook clearly states Philmont policies, and all staff areexpected tobethoroughly familiar with itscontents. Becautious ofsituations whichgo against these policies. In the past. some situations mayhave occurred whichwentagainst Philmont policy; it is possible thatsuch situations wentwithout noticeor reprimand. Thisdoesnotmake these situations appropriate. Beware of storiesOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 3 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

of pastescapades. andjudgeeach opportunity anew withyourown knowledge ofPhilmont policies. Start your staff experience by familiarizing yourself with thePhilmont StaffGuidebook. andadhere toit throughout thesummer. Ifyouhave anyquestions regarding policy, please askyoursupervisor.OA TrailCrewPolicy and Procedure Information:Establishing policies and procedures will help day-to-day activities of flowsmoothly andsafely.1.Rotation& Days.QffSchedule:Youwillhave twotwo-week sessions during thesummer. Each session will involve approximately oneweekbuilding trail andoneweek onatrek.Before andaftereach session youwillberequired to assistin various assignments. for a total of 18 work days. You are required tocontinue to stay with and work with your crew until the morning after theirbanquet. Yourotherworkassignments could Include helping prepare. serve,and clean-up at OA banquets, performing ceremonies, welcoming arrivingScouts and helping with their registration, or helping another part of theConservation Department asassigned byyoursupervisor. Youwillhave ampletimeto prepare for yournextcrew.Aftereach session (and associated workdays) you earnthreedays-off. Thespecific datesofthese daysoffwillbedictated byyour·rotatlon." Yourrotationwillnotbe determined untilstaff training.2. Equipment: It is expensive. Philmont provides a largeamount of equipment tostaffmembers for use in the summer. It Is important to makethatequipmentlasttheentire summer. Youareresponsible forequipment Issued, sotakegoodcareof It.3. Day.QffItineraries: In between assignments makesureyoufind something funto do. Youmaywantto gohiking or visita newcamp. It is required to alwayshikewitha partner. Youarerequired to leave a detailed itinerary withtheADC­OAorAssistant Directors. Ifyouwishtochange yourproposed Itinerary onthetrail radioin a "10-49" to the Conservation Department from a staffed camp.Leave a Change in Day-OffItinerary Form with the CD from the camp youmade the radio call. The purpose of the itinerary Is to provide an element ofsafety. If the Foreman finds himself In trouble. others know where to startlooking. ThisIs accepted backpacking precaution andmustbe followed. Askmore experienced stafffor suggestions on places to visit.4. Slgn.Qut. Sign-In: When you leave the Ranch sign out at the ConservationShed. or let OA leadership know your plans. This is not a control but aninformation system to help Philmont reach you In an emergency situation.Sign-in when you return to the Ranch.5.Staywith your crew: TheForeman's responsibility Isto staywiththecrewduringtheentire assignment. which Includes theworksite,sleeping and hiking. Thisalso includes Backcountry program: if the Foreman Is not working on otherprogram materials, hemustbeparticipating withthecrew. Also. upon returningto Base Camp. the assignment is not complete until the morning after thebanquet. Atthatpoint, various assignments arerequired before days-off start.DATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 4 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

6.In relationshipswith membersofthe opposite sex, Foremen should maintaintheImage of the BSA andPhilmont. Remember thatyourjob responsibilitiescome first. Usecommon sense and yourknowledge oftheStaff Guidebook toactwith the bestjUdgement.7. Your work performance will be observed and evaluated three times by theOA·Leadership. YourSiteCoordinator mayprovide input, butyourevaluationswill be performed by an Assistant Director or the ADC·OA. This process isdesigned to offer constructive feedback and improve yourperformance. Assuch, Philmont offers numerous opportunities for yourpersonal growth.8. Absolutely no form of hazing willbe accepted or tolerated at anytimetowardparticipants or other staff. You are expected to be familiar with what mayconstitute hazing. In onesense, hazing is anyactivity notdeemed normal inregular society.Interdepartmental Relations:Refer to the Staff Guidebook for specific comments on relations between staffmembers. Thekeyphrase is -Humble Pride- which Is applicable to persons of alldepartments. ThePhilmont staffis a team, every member ofwhich is proud oftheirposition. Respect otherstaffandgetto know them. Befamiliar with theoperationsof all departments: Services, Logistics, Trading Post, Food Service, PhilmontMuseumsMlla Phllmonte, News andPhoto Service (NPS), Security, Health Lodge,Maintenance, Backcountry, Conservation, PTC Family Programs, Craft Lodge,Commissary, Motorpool, Merchandise Warehouse, Equipment Repair, Activities,Chaplains, Backcountry Staff, Rangers, Administration, andtheHorse Department.The OA Staff Uniform:Youwillberequired towear a fullClass-A witha staffarrowhead whenever youarein Base Camp. All uniform parts need to becurrent, official, andhave thepatch foryour registered position. Proper square-knots need to be worn, temporary andjamboree emblems need to be placed in their appropriate places. Uniformingdetails aredescribed InthePhilmont StaffGuidebook.OA staff need to be In full Class-A uniform the morning they report for anassignment. When you get yourbackpack and are prepared to hit the trail afterdinner, switch into your staff shirt which you will wear for the duration of theassignment. Youarerequired towearyourstaffuniform atthework site. When trailbuilding, you canwearwork overalls overyourstaffuniform.TheClass-A regulation maynotapply onlyif youareona special work-day or returnfrom the conservation site in preparation for your trek. By rule, be either "all inuniform or all out," Even If youareona day-off IntheBackcountry. youmustwearyourstaffuniform. Also. be in uniform when eating in the dining hall.TheOATrail Crew participants arePhilmont participants first. Nooneshould standout. Theonlyappropriate timetoweartheOAsashisattheclosing banquet. Makesure yourparticipants know thisfrom the time they getinto Base Camp andOATCSTAFFFIElDBOOK 5 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

understand the reasons behind it. We are Arrowmen by our actions not by ourappearance.Proper uniform Isimportant tocreate theright atmosphere andattitude. Look sharp,beclean, andbeproud. Youarea member ofthe Philmont team and ConservationStaff. A groupof Foremen andparticipants whoareallinfUll, proper uniform is quitean impressive sight. Youmustbring or buy enough partsto be correctly clothedeach day. Philmont willprovide all staffwithanallowance to buyuniform materials,including staff shirts, at the beginning of the summer. Once again, referto yourStaffGuidebook forfurther uniform information.OA Trail Crew History:TheOATrailCrewwasinspired bya vision Michael Edwards hadin thesummer of1993. Upondiscussing possibilities anddetails, theNational Committee approvedthefunds necessary to makethevision a reality. MartyTschetter wasappointed asthe Assistant Director of Conservation in charge of OATrailCrewfor the summerof 1995while MikeEdwards andGregHazlehurst served asAssistant Directors. InDecember at the National OA Planning Meeting SethBrown waselected to serveas the Program Development Chairman by the other Section Chiefs on the TrailBuilding Project Committee. Thefirst summer of the program sawtheattendanceof 131 Arrowmen, led by twelve Foremen in ninesessions. 5454 feetof trailwerebuilt, starting at Vaca campandheading down to U.S.Route 64.In the summer of 1996173Arrowmen attended six sessions, again ledby twelveForemen. 4501 feetwereadded to thetrail. Marty Tschetter oversaw both PhilmontTrail Crewprograms, while Scott Beckett was the Director of the OATrail Crew.Only six sessions were offered as to not interfere with the National Order of theArrow Conference.During the summer of 1997, 8500 feetwerebuiltby282participants, andtheVacaTrailwasbecompleted. Eighteen Foremen leadnineOATrailCrew sessions, whileRyan Miske wasthe director andTodd Turner andP.JI Parmar were theAssistantDirectors.This summer, twenty-four foreman will extend the work already completed on theTooth ofTimeTrail. Through sixsessions andtwenty-four crews, underthewatchfuleyesof Director Todd Turner andassistants David Stowe andJared Farley, almost250 Scouts will be granted the opportunity to experience this unique Philmontadventure.OATC STAFFFIELDBOOK 6 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

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uuuuuuuuuwuuuFOREMAN SCHEDULETheoutline for yourfullwork rotation is given below. Theactivities in the schedulearediscussed Ingreater detail In thesection thatfollows. Note thatthis is onlyanoutline. Specific sequencing andtimings of events maychange, andyou need tobe flexible to accommodate suchchanges. However, thetimes listed below mustbe adhered to unless changed by yoursupervisor. Be sureto be on time for allappointments. Always be punctual. Thisis a standard schedule; the firstandlastfewsessions maydifferslightly. Thisschedule starts afteryourdays off;dayoneis Thursday.DAYONEeSam Meet at the OATrail Crew Office. Morning activities willconsist of preparing for theevening's banquet andpreparingfor yournextcrew.eDuring the morning is one possible time that you may meetwllhyoursupervisor for evaluation purposes.e1pm Meet at the Office. The afternoon will be devoted tobanquet preparation.eOf your group of eight Foremen, one will be taken to theWelcome Center to greet the Spm bus from Albuquerque.This Foremen will missthe banquet.eTheotherseven Foremen willserve the banquet.eAII eightForemen will assist Inbanquet cleanup.uuDAYTWOeSam Meet at the Office for rehearsal of the OpeningCeremony. Afterwards, finish preparing for yournextcrew.e10am SiteCoordinators will be at the officeto meetwith theDirector andAssistant Directors.e11-11 :30am, all OATrailCrew Staffwill meet at the office fortheweekly meeting.e11 :30am If completely ready, eatlunch with any members ofyournewcrewwhich have arrived.e12:30pm Meet at the office, completely ready for your nextcrew.e1pmGreet yourcrew at theConservation Shed.eRoute through Base Camp procedures (see section on B8seCamp.)eEatDinner withcrewat 5pmat thedining hall.e5:30pm policy meeting.e6pm Meet for bus departure and/or hike to the site. Beginteaching campsite setup (see section on Backcountry).eSpm Foremen willbecollected from theircrewtohead towardstheceremony site.e8:30pm Crew willgo to the opening ceremony.eAfterwards, debriefcrew (See OA Program). Also, discussdutyroster andnext day's schedule.uuuuDAYTHREEe Note:morning, lunch, and evening routines ate the samefordaysthtee through eight.e5:30am Cooks rise to prepare breakfast.eeam Reveille for all participants. Introduce the quote of thedayoverbreakfast.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK7PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

e7am Breakfast should be finished, and all should be at theworksite readyfor work.eTool-talk, trailtalk,andsafetytalk(seeConservation Manual).eSet goals, posea challenge.eStart building trail.eBreakfor lunch & discussion for about1.5 hours.e3pm Cooks quit workand startdinner.e4pm Everyone quits work, and headsto dinner.e6:30pmDinnercleanup should be done.e7pm Evening Activity(seeOA program).eSometlme beforebed:Thornsand Roses (seeOA program).e9:30pm "Lightsout,· and Foremen nightlymeeting.DAY FOURDAYFIVEDAYSIXDAYSEVENDAY EIGHTDAYNINEDAYTENDAYELEVENDAYTWELVEeTraii buildingeOA ProgrameReliglous serviceseTrall buildingeOA ProgrameTrall buildingeOAProgrameCrewchooses Backcountry programs anddevelops trekplan.eTrekitineraries will be picked-up earlymorning.eTrail buildingeOAProgrameTrall buildingeOA ProgrameCloseworkslteeBreakworksite camp(see In-Camp Skills).e8:30amReturn to BaseCamp.eCheckout gear & foodfrom Services.e11-11 :30amMeetat Officefor weekly meeting.eNoonLunchat dininghallwith crew.eDepartBaseCampIn the afternoon.eTrek begins.eTrekeOAProgrameTrekeOAProgrameReligious serviceseTrekeOA ProgramDAYTHIRTEENeTrekeOA ProgramOATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK8PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuwuuuuuuDAYFOURTEENDAYFIFTEENDAYSIXTEENeTrekeOAProgrameTrek ends.eArrive in Base Camp before lunch.eReturn equipment to Services.eFlnlsh crew evaluations (seeOAProgram).eSpm Foremen meet at to rehearse Rededication Ceremony.e5:30pm Participants meet Foremen at Welcome Center forbusto closing banquet.eBanquet and rededication ceremony.e10pm Busbackto Base.eSleep withcrewIn Base camp.e7am Eatbreakfast withcrew.eSaygoodbye to Scouts.e8am Meet atOffice forworkday: registration table and banquetcleanup.e11-11 :30am Meet at Office for weekly meeting.eAfternoon will consist of work assignments.e1pmUnless previously assigned work fortheafternoon, meetat theoffice for assignment.e5pmEatdinnerwithnewcrewe7pmLeave for siteto helpwithopening ceremony.DAYSEVENTEEN e8 am Meet at office.eDaywlII consistof:delivering commissary food totheworksite,attending a debriefing withOALeadership, possibly meetingwithyoursupervisor forevaluation, andwriting letters to pastcrew. Be sureto havecrewevaluations ready at debriefing.DAYEIGHTEENeFinlsh EvaluationseThese activities willtakeuntilnoon at the latest, butmayendearlier. Aftertasks are finished, Days off startl!lDAYS NINETEEN TO TWENTY-ONEeDays offl If hiking in the Philmont Backcountry, be sure toleave your Itinerary with your supervisor. If your itinerarychanges, radio In from a back country camp. Hiking with apartner Is required, as is filling out a hike-in form. SeethePhilmont Staff Guidebook for further details on days-offhiking. If leaving the Ranch, leave details of yourplans withyoursupervisor.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 9 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

FOREMAN SCHEDULE BY WEEKWog'" Sunday MondaV Tuesdav W6dn"d,v6:30AM6:00AM7:00AM8:00AM Evaluations9:00AM10:00AM11:00AM12:00 PM DAYOFF DAYOFF DAYOFF DAYOFF12:30 PM1:00PM1:30PM3:00PM3:30PM4:00PM6:00PM6:30PM8:00PM8:30PM7:00PM8:00PM8:30PM9:00PM9:30PMnnf\,WIltz SundRY Mpndav Tun"'r Wfdnuday6:30AM Cooks awake CookS awake Cooks awake Cooks awake8:00AM Reveille Reveille Reveille Reveille7:00AM Beal workslle Beal worksile Be atworkslle Be atworkslle8:00AM Tool& trailtalks Tool& Iralltalks Tool& trailtalks Tool& trailtalks10:00 AM11:00AM Lunch & discussion Lunch & discussion Lunch & discussion Lunch & discussion12:00PM Religious serviceComplete Itineraries12:30PM Beatworksite Beatworkslte Beatwotkslte Beat workslte3:00PM Cooksleave Cooks leave Cooks leave Cooksleave4:00PM Qulttlng time QulttlngUme QulttlngUme QulttlngUme8:30PM Clean-up finished Clean-up finished Clean-up finished Clean-up finished7:00PM Evening program Evening program Evening program Evening program9:30PM Sleep Sleep Sleep SleepWI.' SUndav Mgndav Tugsdav W.dn"d,v5:30AM7:00AM7:30AM8:00AM10:00 AM Religious service11:00AM11:30AM12:00 PM TREK TREK TREK TREK1:00PM1:15PM4:00PM6:00PM5:30PM8:15PM8:30PM10:00 PMOATCSTAFFFIELOBOOK 10 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

~uuUWeeEr1 Thursday Frld,y h turdavU 5:30AM Cooks awake8:00AMReveilleU7:00AMBeatworkslle8:00AM EveluaUonsRehearse opening ceremony Tool& traillalks9:00AM WorkdayPrepare fornextaewU10:00 AM Prepare for next crew Sllecoordlnalor meeting11:00AM Revlaw slleprogress Foremen meellng Lunch & discussionU 12:00PM .12:30 PM Meetatofficetogreetnext Beal workslle~ 1:00PM Cook forbanquet Greet nextcrew1:30PMBase campproceduresU3:00PMCooks leave3:30PM Leave to sel-up banquelU 5:00PM Dinner4:00PMQuitting lime5:30PMPcIIcy meeUngU 8:00PMTransport banquet food8:30PMLeave forworkslleU 7:00PM SelVe banquel8:00PM Greet shulliebus Foremen report to ceremonyClean-up finishedEvening programU9:00PM Clean-up banquet8:30PMCrew leaves forceremonyU9:30PM Sleep SleepWAAk2 Thursdar Fddar SaturdaYU6:30AM Cooks awake8:00AM ReveilleU7:00AM Beat workslte8:00AM Tool& tralilalksReturn to basecampU10:00 AM11:00AM Lunch & discussionSllecoordlnalor meeUngForemen meeUng12:00 PM Lunch withcrewInbase TREKU 12:30 PM Beal workslle3:00PM Cooks leaveDepart fortrek~4:00PM Quilling Ume8:30PM Clean-up IInlshedU7:00PM Evening program9:30 PM SleepU WagJr3 Thumd,v Friday Saturday5:30 AM Return 10basebeforeU 7:00AM Breakfast withCrew7:30AMReglstrallon or banquetU8:00AM10:00AMSlIe coordinator meellngCommissary runU11:00AMForemen meellng11:30AM Lunch withnawcrew12:00 PMo"...J 1:00PM Participant evaluallons1:15PMWorkday assignmentsDebrtefingU4:00PMEvaluation6:00PM Dinner Lellers 10 crew6:30PM Rehears closing ceremonyLeadershIp evaluallonU8:15PMLeave forCeremony8:30PM Bus10banquetU10:00 PM BusbackfrombanquelSleep withcrawUUUUOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 11 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

SCHEDULE DETAILSThe following is a detail of the Foreman's schedule which was presented in theprevious section listedin sequential order.PREPARING FOR YOUR CREW:Preparation foryourcrewwillinvolve a number of tasks, mostof which willneed tobe accomplished on Day One (Thursday). Thursday will also include otheractivities, soyouwill need to beflexible and efficient withyourtime.• Acquire security locker keys for crew.• Pickup items at CHQ Services. NowIsthe besttimeto pickupItems forthetrekportion also. Anyitems nottakentotheworksite canbestored inyourcrewlocker. Check allitems thoroughly, asdirected bytheServices Staff.You will be charged for any rips, broken zippers or holes. This Is youropportunity to get good gear. Usethe little"shopping list"which servicesrequires.• Getthenumber of backpacking tentsrequired foryourcrew, andcheckthem thoroughly, as directed by the Services Staff. Youwill becharged foranyrips, broken zippers, or holes.• Onedining fly• Pots• Bearrope and bags• Youwill have towaituntil thefollowing dayto pickup food andcookingsupplies.• Stoves andfilled fuelbottles• Many ofthepaperwork materials willbe ready foryouina folder IntheOATCoffice:• Wilderness Pledge Cards• Program booklets forthefiveexperiences• Envelopes and paper• Participant Journals• Participant evaluation forms• Crew roster andparticipant's applications if youwerenot handed thempreviously.• Some materials will be available either before your crew, duringtransition from workslte to trek,or afteryourtrek.• Participant evaluation of Foremen andprogram• Crewphotos• Applications for Staff, Rayado, Trail Crew, etc.• Details of each participant's departure plans.• Copyof participant essays for theirself reflection.• Otheritems.• Have your pack packed and ready to go with your crew. Besides yourpersonal gear, make sure to have all necessary teaching materials,Including the OATC Fieldbook andyourreligious services book.• Tum in anyrequests for supplies for theworksite or anypersonal requests.At thelatest, make yourSiteCoordinator aware of needs before he meetswithOALeadership at 10 am.• Make sureyou are well restedI Each crewdeserves your best. The sixthsession needs to beas good as thefirst!OATCSTAFF FIELDBOOK 12 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

BANQUET PREPARATION:Much of DayOnewill include preparing for thebanquet of the previous crew. Thebanquet willbe heldin theevening.uuuuuuuuU'-J'-J'-J'-JuuuuuuuuOn the same evening as the banquet, a buswill arrive from Albuquerque bringingsome earlyarrival OATrail Crewparticipants for the nextsession (yoursession).One Foreman will be assigned to greet this bus, and he will need to be at theWelcome Center at 8pmto do this. Thus. hewill bedismissed earlyfrombanquetpreparations andwillmissthe banquet. Alternatively. this Foreman canattend thefirst part of the banquet. but must leave to meet the bus on time. For the twobanquets that your rotation prepares. the Foremen assigned to this dutywill berotated.• Greet the participants witha warm smile and a handshake. Some of themmaybe nervous, andIt Is your Job to provide support.• WorkwiththeWelcome Center Stafftogettheparticipants tentassignmentsforthe night.• Inform them of thenextday'sschedule. andorientthem to Base Camp.All eight Foremen will be needed In some capacity to help clean up after thebanquet.SITE COORDINATOR MEETING:In the morning of the second day. the Site Coordinators will meet with the OALeadership at1Oam intheoffice. Thismeeting Isprimarily toIdentify anyneeds thatyourrotation haswithregards to yournextcrewandto passInformation on to thegroupfollowing yours on theworksite.WEEKLY MEETING:Each Fridayfrom11-11:30am theentire OATrail Crew Staffwillmeet. Thismeetingwillprovide a forum fordiscussing situations thatneed attention. Thiswillespeciallybe a timeof recognizing accomplishments aswellas joining in fellowship withthestaffas a whole.BASE CAMP PROCEDURES:At 12:30pm on Friday you will meetat the office. completely ready for yournextcrew, and at tpm, youwillmeetthecrew. ThisIsa busy timesoyouwillneed tobeorganized. At thetime yougreetyourcrew, yourbackpack should already be fullypacked and ready for the worksite. Also. your day pack should be packed withmaterial appropriate for Base Camp procedures. Since manyactivities willoccurduring thisday, yourmotto should be·scramble. beflexible'·1.Throughout themorning, arriving participants willbewelcomed byother OAStaffwho will help them register. gathertheir gear, and eat lunch together. OAparticipants will be routed to the Conservation Shed by 1pm.2. Be at theoffice by 12:30pm for a preliminary meeting.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 13 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

3. Makesure youareon time,well-rested, and haveyourday packready, (i.e.raingear,waterboUie, mapcards, map and compass, StaffFleldbook. etc.) Makesure that you havepickedup all program materials from the office.4. Class-Auniform is required in Base Campat all timeswith the staffarrowhead.No sashes. If your participants wearOA sashes, havethem removed. Explainthatas Arrowmen weseta goodexample byouractions. Thesashis important,but it will be used later.5. 1pm: Officialwelcome byOALeadership (ADC-OA. Assistant Directors, Directorof Conservation) at Conservation Shed.6. Greeting your crew.a. As you meet participants, greet them with a prompt, sincere. warm,enthusiastic welcome.b. Learnall names as soon as possible.c. Be confident. use a firm handshake, makeeye contact.d. Showthe crewthat you are glad they are here.e.Makeeachparticipant feelat easeandcomfortable. Askquestions, getthemtalking. Ask how their trip went. Have they been to Philmont before?Chances aretheyarenervous, theyhavebeentraveling all dayandareina new environment. You are going to be their best friend the next twoweeks.f. Circlethe crew up and explainthe importance of a circle.g. Explain the role of the two Foremen.h. Set the propertone fromthe minuteyou meetyour participants.i.. Introduce themto the importance of hydration. Perhaps playsomedrinkinggames.j. Introduce them to the conceptof impact by stressing keeping Base Campclean. Showthem what a trash pocketis.k. Orientthem to BaseCamp, especially locationsof restrooms.I. Explain whatis goingto happenIn BaseCamp, and that it will be busy.m. Introduce the concept of teamwork by stressing the importance of stickingtogether: the crew wastesmuch time if waiting for a single member. Donot leaveyour crew alone.n. Stressto them to call home sometime beforedinner.7. Beforeyou startrouting throughBase Campbe sure you and your crewhave:- Prescription medicine - Filledwaterbottles- Rain gear - Money- Crewlockerkeys - A hacky-sack is nice sometimes- All valuables (to put In safe) - Pen and paperfor takingnotes- Any CPRand First Aid cards - Full Scoutuniform- Make sure that each participantturnedin their medicalform, and thatyou haveall forms. Thosewho arrivedearlywill havegiventheirstothe OA Staff at the registration table. Makesureyou haveall at thistime. Startpre-checking formsnowfor potential missing Information.If any Information is missingstill, they must call for it immediately.- Makesureparticipants packsarecovered, secure,andcontain novaluables.8. When routing through Base Camp, you may have to wait In line to be servedsomewhere. Usethesemoments effectively. ManyskillscanbetaughtduringBase Camp. Possibilities include: first aid, map and compass, knots,emergency procedures, andteambuildingexercises. Firstaidshoulddefinitelybe covered in BaseCamp. Do not tellparlicipants that theywill be deparlingBase tonight. Do prompt them to call home if they have not already sincearriving.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 14 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu9. Health lodgea. Sign in on the sheet which is hanging on thebuilding.b.Alphabetize forms. Putexpedition number and thenumberofcrewmembersonform.c. Pre-check yourforms yourself, notify medic of anyproblems.d. Check specifically for: insurance information, parents signature, doctorssignature, tetanus shotdate, andallergies. If information is still missing,a payphone is on theothersideof the health lodge.e. Take all prescription medications to showthemedic.f. Keep informed of procedural changes throughout the summer. When indoubt, aska medic.10.CHQ Servicesa. Youshould already have an ideaas to whatgearyourcrew needs.b. Pointout phones, the postoffice. laundry, aluminum recyclable bins.c. Pickup onebreakfast and onelunch for crewd. Retrieve crewgearwhich youputin thecrewlockers earlier.11.Shakedown.a. Do not skimp on time. Follow equipment andpacking suggestions whicharegivenin thisfieldbook Educate participants asto your reasons. TalktotheOAleadership. otherForemen, or Rangers about good places todoshakedown. Pollee litterafteryourshakedown Is finished.b. Face the sunto allowcourtesy for participants (thisapplys at all times).c. let crew split up group equipment. and do not be afraid to carry someyourself.12.Crewlockerat Securitya. Store personal andcrewitems thatare notneeded.b. AfterbUilding trail.youcanstore or remove items.c. Make sureto tum keyin at Security Office priorto hitting thetrail.d. Usea stafflockerfor Items likeCDplayers andothersemi-valuables.e. Keep an eyeon yourcrew's gearsothatanother crewdoes notaccidentallyputIt in theirlocker.13.Safeat Administrationa. Collect all valuables, such as plane tickets, money, jewelry, etc. that theparticipants wantstored Inthesafe.b. Giveall valuables to Administration, in the envelopes which they provide.ThisIs Important to takeYOU outof liability.14.Crewphotoa. BeIn uniform, sashes areoptional.b. let photographer handle line-up, placement. etc.c. Neatness counts. Nohatsor sunglasses.d. Pictures are alsoused for Identification during emergencies.e. Ideally, yourpictures will be in yourfolderby thesession's end.DINNER, POLICY MEETING, DEPARTURE:a. OATrail Crewwilleatat 5pmat the Dining Hall.b. Build a goodrapport withthe Dining HallStaff, theyareyourequals.c. Organization andcooperation count.d. SayPhilmont Grace before youenter.e. Eatwithyourcrew. Donot return to the staffsidewhen you are finished.f. Be sureyourcrewcleans upafterthemselves.g. If partlclpants finish eating early, be surethey meet for thepolley meeting.OATC STAFFFIELDBOOK 15 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Policy Meeting: (You will be informed of theplacefor meeting)a. At 5:30pm, the OA Leadership/Conservation Staff will discuss goals,expectations and policies with participants.b. Serious tone.c. This meeting will conclude with notifying the participants that they areactually departing from Base at 6pm.d. Return to Conservation Shed, gatherpacks.BUS PROCEDURES:When boarding a bus, the Foreman loads the gear in the back door. The crewboards in the front. Have thecrewleavethefrontseatopenfor you. Afterthe trip,theparticipants exitoutthefront andthe Foremen handgearoutof theback door.Everyone grabs a pack, any pack, in order to unload quickly. Be sure thateverything is offthebus: check every seat. Askthebusdriverif heorshe would likethe windows up or down, andalways be sureto thankthe driver.During the participant's stay at Phimont, youwill be on buses withthem up to sixtimes: to andfrom the trail site, the trek,orthe banquet. Each of these tripsIs anopportunity to give a bus tour, and you should be able to give an entertaining,factual, and time filling presentation. See the section on Bus Tours in this StaffFleldbook.HIKE TO SITE AND CAMP SETUP:Read the sections in this bookwhich detailthe hardskillsthatyou arerequired toteach crews. Also, utilize the softskillscovered in the Interpersonal Skills section.Ifpossible, hardskillsshould becovered thefirsttimeanopportunity presents itself.For example, before starting to hike, coverthe proper methods to put a packon.The"teachable moments" which willariseafteryougetoffthe buswillinclude (butare not limited to): Backcountry washroom procedures, hydration, map reading,hiking etiquette, putting on packs, crossing fences, trail signs, hiking techniques,stream crossing, campsite Identification, campsite layout, the 5 Ws, the beartriangle, fly andtentsetup, smellables, crewgear, and bears.Utilize yourteaching timeeffectively: littletimeIsavailable between themoment thebus drops you off andthe startof the opening ceremony. Prioritize yourteachingwhenever limited time exists. Forexample, if only ten minutes remain, talk aboutbears ratherthan waterpurification (because enough waterwill be present on thefirst day).OPENING CEREMONY:At8pm,theeightForemen willbegreeted byanother member oftheOAStaff. Youshould be ready to leave your crew at this time, and all smellables should besecured. TheotherOAStaffmember will attend to the crewwhile youhead to theceremony site. Quickly put your robe on, and If time remains, rehearse. Becautious notto have inappropriate clothing, shoes, jewelry or otheritems onwhichwilldetract from theexperience. Know yourpartwell. These considerations applyto the rededication ceremony aswell.OATe STAFFFIELOBOOK 16 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH,......,,......,,......,,......,

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuwuuuuuuuThecrewwilldepartfromthe sitefor theceremony at 6:30pm. Aftertheceremony.the crewwill be led backto camp. Quickly change clothes andmeetyourcrewatthe site. Be sure to meet them promptly, so that they do not immediately go tosleep. Debriefing the daysevents and holdinga "thorns and roses" is important.Also,onthefirstnightthedutyrostershould beintroduced. sothatthecooks forthenextmorning can be ready.Afterwards. be sureto holda nightlyForeman meeting (seebelow for details).WORK SITE PROGRAM:During the daythe foremost goalis building trail. As a Foreman youare expectedtoworkashardastheparticipants work. Aimto liveandinstillthehigh-Ideals ofbothScouting andthe Orderof the Arrow. Yourworkalongside participants cannot beat the expense of supervising and ensuring a safe work environment. Developteamwork among the crew.Refer to the Conservation Manual for details on trail bUilding. With most trailbuilding calls, make sure that another Foreman has not told the participantssomething different first. At the same time,keepyourtrailbuilding standards high.Be meticulous, do not settlefor second best. Do it rightthe firsttime.Whileat the workslte, the bulkof the timewill be consumed bytrail building. Withthis In mind, efficiency becomes key. One Foreman will wakeat 5:30am withthecooks, andwill prepare breakfast. All otherswill rise at 6 am, prepare for the day,eat, walk to the workslte, and be ready for work at 7 am. Be sure to develop aproductive work ethicon the firstday.If the follOWing itemshavenot beentaught yet, be sureto coverthemearty In thesession:a. Map& Compassb. Emergency Proceduresc. Teachable Momentsd. Staff Campse. BearslBear cablesf. Goodcampsiteg. Pitching tentsh. Pitching the flyI. Latrinesj. Sumps & FireRingsk. Fires/Dutch Oven CookingI. FirstAidm. Lightningn. Getting settledo. WhatIs low& high-impactSomeof the first morning will be spenton the above topics, buta goodportion willbe spenton the tool talk, trail talk, andsafetytalk.a. How-to property use Conservation tools: storing, care.etc.b. Safety of toolsc. Why we buildtralll Conservation philosophyd. Howto property buildtrailEach day at lunch-time you will have an opportunity for a discussion. Posting aquotein the morning and discussing the topicat lunchIn an effective procedure.Otherconsiderations at the worksite:a. Wake up eachdaywitha positive attitude.b. You are the program, be creative. Make sure that the crew knows allessential Information. Putthe skillsto use.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 17 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

c. lead by example. 00 not ask anything youwould not do.d. Stress Backcountry responsibility andlow-Impact camping.Points of trail building efficiencya. Wakeon timeand be at the worksite on time.b. Pose a weekly challenge, aswell as dailychallenges to the crew.c. Cooks should bring lunch to the worksite, along withenough purified water.locate water and food centrally among the line of work to eliminateinefficiencies.d. If breakfast cleanup is taking longer. cooks stay behind whileothers startwork.e. To minimize cleanup time. cooks clean the samemeal.f. Spread out when working to avoid crowding delays. One suggestion Isgroups of 5 participants. each withoneForeman.g. Move toolsIf workIs getting toofar from them.h. Work Hardl PlayHardl1'1nEach day at the workslte It is exceedingly important for the Foremen to hold ameeting or -PowWow." Oneposslblle timefor this meeting is at night. ThisIs anopportunity to work outpersonal differences, evaluate theday.anddevelop a dUtyroster forthefollowing day. Make sureallduties aresupeNlsed because inthelongrun it will make your job easier. Some specific duties for Foremen to overseeInclude:• Make suremealsare prepared properly andefficiently.• SupeNlse clean-up• Camp stocked with pUrified water• Tools sharpened daily• Sitelog filledout dailyVarious elements covered in -The OA Program· section can and should beperformed during theweek attheworkslte. Elements which arenecessary partsofthe worksite program Include developing a trekitinerary, the discussions and thefellowship hike.WORK SITE TO TREKTRANSITION:Onthe lastdayat theworksite, be sureto thoroughly clean up thearea. Beat theturnaround ontimeto catch thebus. YourtimeInBaseCamp Islimited; explain thisto the participants. Foremen will be required to attend the 11:00 am weeklymeeting. Thecrewneeds togathertheappropriate equipment forthetrek, gettheirinitialfooddistribution, andeatlunch. Tobecertain thatthecrewworkseffectively,youmaywantto begin the·Crewleaderof the Day" (seeOAprogram) onthisday.1'1nTREK PROGRAM:Thespecific Itinerary for thetrekwill be developed by thecrew, withthehelpof theForemen, during thetimeat theworkslte. Helpthe crewdecide whatto do, butdonot decide for them. However, be sure to include time for the various programelements.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 18 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuSpecific OA elements which need to be performed during the trek include: solo,mountaintop sunrise. a long journey, night under the stars (If not done at theworksite). andcrewleader oftheday. Discussions andotherprogram elements canandshould be included. Seethe section on Program Details.RETURN TO BASE:The trek Itinerary should be planned such that yourcrewreturns to Base Campsometime before lunchonthelastday. Besure to return anynecessary equipmentto Services. keeping most equipment in a locker for usewithyournextcrew. Also.reserve tents for the night (including for the Foremen) at the Welcome Center.Lunch can be had in the dining hall. or the crew can take one of the Cimarronshuttle buses and dine In town. Whether in town or at Base Camp, be sure toadequately complete all elements of the program. Specifically, participantevaluations. Foremen evaluations. program evaluations. andLetter to Selfneed tobe completed. Check yourfolder in theoffice for anymaterials or notices.You will also need to do sorne Base Camp procedures. Return your gear toServices. especially making sureto collect alltentstakes. GetBase Camp tents foryourparticipants for the night.If youhave remaining time, the Philmont Museum, Seton Memorial Library and KitCarson Museum aregreatplaces togowithyourcrews. InCimarron. trytheOld MillMuseum. ortheSt.James Hotel. Make sureyoustay withyourcrew. Yourjobdoesnotenduntilyourdaysoff begin.CLOSING BANQUET:TheClosing Banquet will be thefinale forthe two-week program. It willInclude ahearty Western meal, fellowship. presentation of arrowhead awards. a guestspeaker, andRededication Ceremony.Foremen will needto report to the Office to rehearse the ceremony at 5pm. Thewhole crew willdepart from theWelcome Center at6:30pm. Yourcrewneeds tobeshowered and dressed InfullClass·A uniform withOAsashes Inhand. Participantsshould alsohave theirpebbles. Make sure thatyourcrewhasallthese Items beforethe banquet. A bus will take your crew back to Base Camp promptly after theceremony. Both Foremen need to sleep withthecrewat night.WORKDAY:Aftereating breakfast wllhyourcrewat7 am.saygoodbye tothem andreport totheoffice. Themorning willconsist ofhelping register thenextcrew. aswellasfinishingcleanup from the previous night's banquet. If assigned to work at the registrationtable, use the checklist below. After the weekly meeting and lunch, you will beassigned to some work assignment (perhaps wilh another department) for theafternoon. In the evening youwilleatat 5prn with the next crew. andwilltravel tothework-site to assist withtheiropening ceremony.uuuOATCSTAFFFIELOBOOK 19 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

REGISTRATION:Setupthe registration table afterthemeeting at theOAoffice at 8am. Puta picnictablesomewhere prominent inthewelcome center, hangtheOATC Banner andbesuretolettheWelcome Center Staffknowwhere youare. Thetableshould stayupuntiltheafternoon busfromRaton arrives. Besureto greetthearrivals withawarm,enthusiastic welcome, check themofftheroster andremind themto park attheendof trallbound tentcity. Information to gather:Medical Form:Arrival/Departure Info:Payments:• Check for: Parent's signature, doctor'ssignature,insurance information, and inoculation dates• If any of this information Is missing, have them callhomefastl Signatures canbefaxed viaAdministration.• COLLECT MEDICAL FORMS• Remind participants to carry listed medicationsthrough basecampfor the day• Get Detailed Information on departure: mode, time,andplaceof departure• They will need a ticket to get on the Raton orCimarron shuttle priorto leaving• Writedownall Information on sheets provided• Usesheets provided andgiveparticipantcarbon copyreceipts for all monies collected• Cost per Meal=$4, per extra night in tent city=$8,Raton Shuttle=$15, Cimarron Shuttle=$5• Review roster and check for outstanding programfees, collect if necessary.Remind theparticipants thattheyareto be Infull uniform at all timesandonlyBSAorWestern Style hatsareallowed Inbasecamp. explainto them Iftheyarewearinga sash why they need to remove It and if they are missing any uniform parts,suggest buying themin theTrading Post.nnIiIinIinnnnnTheywill needto meeta Foreman at theflagpoles nearthe dining hallat noonforlunch. Also, remind themto meetat the Cons Shed at 1pm readyto start. Makesuretheyknowto havecalled home by this time.FOLLOW UP DAYS:These dayswill consist of fourtasks: debriefing, commissary run,staffevaluation,andwriting letterstoyourcrew. Debriefing willbea timeto thoroughly discuss yourprevious crewwiththeOAleadership, andwitheachother. Thecommissary runwillInvolve delivering foodto theworkslte for thenextcrew. Letter writing to your crewis required as part of the program, and is described In the OA Program section.Yourstaffevaluation maybedoneondaysSeventeen andEighteen, orondayOneof yournextrotation.nnOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 20 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

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THE OA TRAIL CREW PROGRAMProgram Element Details"Enhance one's personaljourneyin Scouling byexercising theideals of theOrderof the AlTOw in thePhilmont atmosphere."The Framework ofthe Job:InyourJob, youparticipate Inaframework that allows youto make themost ofyouropportunltles'durlng thesummer. It sets a direction. Theframework alsoallows youan opportunity to work with others, to mesh with them, and to pUll together as ateam.Thissection Identifies whatthecamper learns inaddition toaregular Philmont hiker.However, notallofthe elements identified hereareunique to theOAprogram. Thecombination ofthePhilmont atmosphere andyourleadership create anopportunityto bringto lifetheveryIdeals ofthe Order ofthe Arrow. TheOATrellCrew programcontains many elements, andit is yourjob to execute them effectively.Overthecourse oftwo-weeks youhave theopportunity toteach camping skillsandtrail building techniques, motivate youth to be leaders in the Philmont classroom.enhance thebonds of brotherhood, leaddeep discussions, bea friend, andenrichyourparticipant's journey IntheBoyScouts andtheOrder ofthe Arrow. Thefeelingis powerful andexciting. Theoutcome canbeincredible andhighly productive, butit is upto you. Whatyouputintotheeach dayaffects yourparticipants. Within thetwo-week span it Is important that specific elements are covered. The programcontinues from theworksite through thetrek.wwwwwBe preparedI Themanyprogram elements which OATrail Crew Involves requiremanyprogram materials. Some youwill need to have yourself andsome youwillneed to collect from theoffice. It IsImportant to gobeyond thematerials which areissued andrequired ofyou. Carry othermaterials which youmayfeelwillbeuseful.A special book, for example, maynotbeused if youhave it, butif youdon'thave ItthereIs no possibility thatit canbe used. Forboth the trekandtheworksite, alsoconsider carrying materials which arenot necessarily partof the program, butwillmakethe participant's experience better. Something as simple as a kite will beappreciated by thecrew. Ingredients for special foods areanother example.Theprogram Isdesigned to allowyou, theForeman, maximum creativity. However,this means that youwill need to provide moreeffort Intoplanning andorganizingactivities. Each crewandeachexperience on thetrail is unique andthe programis designed to be flexible In orderto allow youto adapt to each situation. Exploreyour own teaching style, creativity, enthusiasm, and energy. Just make sureeverything Is safe, then have fun. Youronlylimitation is yourimaglnatlonlUnder each element. the suggested time of Implementation is listed for yourreference. Also, a checklist is provided at the end of thissection.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 21 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Ceremonies -Timing: Opening and Rededication CeremoniesTwo special ceremonies were created for thisprogram. TheOpening Ceremony isbased onthePre-Ordeal withthegoalforparticipants toreflect backontheiroriginalordeal andvows. Thesecond is a Closing Ceremony in theform of a rededication.This ceremony seeks to draw upon the two-week Philmont experience, and toprovide Inspiration for the participants return home.Asa Foreman youwillbeencouraged to perform ceremonies. WitheightForemenperrotation, fourwill perform the ceremonies and fourwill assist. It Is imperativethatyouare prepared and know thelines bymemory. Putyourheartandsoulintothe character youare portraying. During ceremonies, blackcloaks willbe utilized.Such regalia wasused during thefirst Ordeal ceremony.OA Trail Crew Arrowhead Award ­Timing: Willbe distributed at theclosing banquet.A special arrowhead award hasbeen created to recognize bothparticipants andtheOAStaff. Thepatch lookslikethestandard Philmont arrowhead butIncludes a redarrow across thebackground ofthepatch withthewords "Trail Crevl'atthebottom.Only oneaward willbe issued to each participant uponcompletion ofthetwo-weekprogram. andoneto each OAStaffmember. A participant willbe issued thepatchonlyif he completes theentireprogram, orIf pulled fromthe program for a medicalreason. Thisis to retain thehonorof theaward. Special cases will beconsideredby the OAleadership.This patch is more than a piece of cloth, it is an award. It represents days of trailbuilding, a trek, friendship, brotherhood, andunforgettable experiences thatwilllasta lifetime. There is an "unwritten rule"of never trading or seiling thisaward.Religious Services -Timing: Onboth Sundays of theparticipant's experience; onehoureach.ItIsImportant to uphold thetwelfth pointof theScout Law. Youwillbeprovided withWhereSpirits Soar, a booklet to be usedfor conducting services. Takeaboutanhourfor each service. Make theservice optional. butrequire thetimeto bea qUietone. Atsome largerBackcountry camps. chaplains sometimes perform services onSundays or otherdays.Trail Log-Timing: Each day at the worl

Discussions -Timing: Flexible: mostlyduring lunches andevenings at the worksite.Oneofthebestways forcampers to learn about each otheristhrough discussions.A large part of the OA program at the site will involve discussions on variousaspects oftheOrder. These discussions serve to share ideas and thoughts, aswellas to Inspire the participants. Timeis provided at the worksite, dUring lunch andafter dinner. However, no specific timing, topics, or methods of facilitation arerequired. Forbestresults, beimaginative andflexible. Discussions canandshouldhappen during thetrekportion.Hopefully these Arrowmenwlll bring home newIdeas from otherlodges andperhapsImplement them Intotheirown activities. Discussions notonlyallow participants achance to thinkandlearn from others, but theyalsoIntroduce participants to eachother.Onesuggested method is to posta quote or phrase during breakfast, andquicklyintroduce it then. Laminated quotes will be provided for the suggested topics.Alternatively, usepapertocreate yourown. Foremen canfacilitate some discussionduring work to get everyone thinking about the quote, and the whole crew candiscuss Itduring lunch. Quotes canbebrought to theworksite (perhaps ona watercontainer), andcanbe leftup on thebearboxthewhole week if desired.Discussion atmosphere: At certain times of day, everyone maybe tired, while atothers, the crew maybemotivated. As a Foreman yourJob Isto learn to readyour crew. You will get to learn when it is appropriate to try to generatediscussions.Discussion facilitation: Forworkslte discussions, you maywant to designate oneForeman to facilitate thediscussion. Facilitating a discussion requires you tomonitor the discussion topic and to make sure that everyone is getting achance. At times it may be hard getting people to talk at all. Interjectingthought provoking questions maybe necessary when theconversation slows.Lead yourdiscussions Ifyouneed to atfirst. Keep thetopicrelevant to almosteveryone: some participants maynotbe officers. We wanteveryone to learnand grow. Remember that everyone Involved is in the Boy Scouts and alsomembers of the OA. We eachhave plenty of things In common. Be tactful.Also, encourage participants totakenotes IntheirJournals forfuture reference.Discussions canInvolve thegroup asawhole, ortheparticipants canbebroken intosmaller groups. Group sizewill be left to the discretion of the Foremen. If usingsmall groups, it Is useful sometimes to have each small group report backto thelargergroup at the end. Discussion should flowdemocratically. Do not let oneperson dominate thediscussion.Suggested Discussion Topics:"Why are we here?"This quote Is appropriate on the first day, and serves to discuss participantgoals andtheirexpectations of Philmont andtheOATrail Crew program. ThisIs an excellent time to discuss Foremen's expectations of participants. Thistopicwillprobably bea short round in thecircle, witheach person giving theirOATC STAFF FIElDBOOK 23 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

expectations and goals. The discussion maygo quickly, which is fine sincetrailtalktakes much ofthefirst morning andthe participants areready to startwork. Stress that everyone should have goals and aimto fulfill them. Goalsareapplicable notonlyfortheirPhilmont experience, butalsofortheirScoutingpositions. school, etc."Your only limitation is your imagination"This quote begins with each participant describing his position in his troop,post, chapter, lodge, section, or a position mostrecently held. Theydescribewhatthey planto do (or are doing or did) to improve on whatwas done the"previous year." Thefirstfewwhospeak maybring upsituations which revealcommon Ideas andproblems. Thisusually resolves manymajortopics, suchas pushy advisors, lowattendance, etc.,which limitthepotential oftheleader.Thisleadsto the quotegiven. This alsogets them started conversing abouttheirsimilarities and sharing Ideas during non-discussion times."Honor, Privilege, ResponsibilitY""How is the Order an honor? A privilege?" Discuss each point. Somethoughts: Allowat's Ordeal ceremony quote: ·You are entitled to all theprivileges...": the fact that there Is no responsibility to the lodge defined forOrdeal membership (IntheObligation), thefactthatresponsibility Isdefined Inthefirst sentence of the obligation (thethree Ws), while the second sentenceexplains those three Ws, etc.Overall the discussion would be summarized that being an Arrowman is anHonor, Privilege, and Responsibility."Attitude, Actions, Appearance"AAA leadsto proper uniforming and Its original reasons (Appearance); howpeople In reality see youas opposed to howyouthinktheydo (Actions); theImportance of PMA (positive mental attitude), etc. We areArrowmen throughourAttitude, Actions, andAppearance. Re-mentlonlng this quoteIs good onthe lastday of the trek before re-entering Base Camp."Program, Membership, Finance"Thisquotecanberatherintensive andcangenerate several greatdiscussions.Therefore, much time should be allotted for It. Program opens a broadspectrum of ideas because thisIsoneareathatcanfluctuate often. Whatworksin one lodge may not in another. Plus, new ideas can help stir change Instagnant programs. Examples mayinclude: lodgeactivities. enhancement ofbanquets, howto effectively maketraining work. and camping In the troop.Membership mayIncludebrotherhood conversion, howtomaintain Interest, andopportunities forleadership. Finance includes creative fund-raising proposals,and keeping a budget. Summarize with the fact that all three elements arenecessary simultaneously to develop an outstanding unitor lodge."Camping"Oneway to startdiscussion is to propose the questions: Why do we camp?Goonoutings? Whattypeofoutings doesyourunitdo? Camping Isoneofthefoundations of theOrderof the Arrow, andoutdoors areoneof the methods ofScouting. Another direction which works well, Isto have participants define toOATCSTAFFFIELOBOOK 24 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

themselves why they like camping and what makes the outdoors special.Remember, oneoftheOrder's purposes is to maintain camping traditions andspirit."Service"Thisonestands alone. Various stories andthoughts can allow participants toenvision service toothers andhowit fitsintotheirdallylives. Stress "taking theOATrail Crewprogram home." Whatspecific skills canparticipants share withothers? Howcan oneimplement service in non- scouting situations?To fit all suggested topics In, It maybe necessary to do twoin oneday. PerhapsHPR andAAAcanbecombined, or maybe Camping and Service.OtherPossible Discussions Topics:• Howcanyou bring thisexperience backto yourtroops?• Whatdoesthe Pre-Ordeal mean to you?• Whathaveyoulearned?• Whatactivities does yourtroop do?• Discuss the transition from youth to adultin theOA?• WhatIsyourperception of the National OACommittee?• Doyouknow the responsibilities of youth National OAofficers?• Howdo youmotivate others to stayactive?• Brotherhood conversion• Problems withlodge operations• Working withadults• Program ideas• Brotherhood, Cheerfulness, andService in action at theworksite• Whatcanyourlodge improve on?• Define theyouth's role• Define the adult's role• Whyis camping the OA'smain purpose?• Whatisthe mostinspirational aspect about Philmont, notnecessarily aboutthis program, and howcanyoubring thatparthome?Thetimeafter·thomsandroses· (orin conjunction withthorns androses) canbeusedfor short, round thecircle discussions. Topics canbe quick andfun, such as"What Is the most adventurous place you've been camping?" or deep, such as"What are your life goals?". Some of the above suggested "Other PossibleDiscussion Topics· mayalsobeappropriate forthistime. UseyourJUdgement andcreativity.uuuuuuLodge Ideas Book -Timing: Throughout wolksite week, especiallyduringPMF discussion.A book willbecreated asa result of thissummer's OATrail Crew Program, forusenationally asaresource. This book willcontain Ideas gleaned from theparticipants,primarily through the discussions. Therefore, oneForeman should be designatedas"note taker" during each discussion in ordertowrite down anyideas. Most ideaswill flowfrom the "Program, Membership, Finance" discussion. TheLodge Ideasbinder should be kept available at non-discussion times for participants to enterthoughts themselves.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 25 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Debriefing and Thorns and Roses -Timing: Frequently with your crew, at scheduled timesamong staff.When working in anygroup situation. frequent. constructive, open communicationis necessary. In Backcountry situations especially, people must work closer witheach otherthantheydo in everyday life. In some respect, eachperson's life candepend on powerful group dynamics. Most experiences at Philmont involve groupsituations, andtoutilize effective communication, anumber ofconstructs have beendeveloped.Regardless of name, each session listed below hasa fewkeyitems Incommon. Allrequired participants must be present for the entire session. All present form acircle. Positives andnegatives are said, although if something negative Is said. itmust be followed with a positive. If nothing can be thought of, surely somethingpositive can be said. Goals can also be set (e.g: "Buds" during "Thorns andRoses"). Anything said stays In the circle, and Is not discussed elsewhere. Anyproblems areIdeally resolved during thesession Inwhich theyarebrought upIn; inother words. problem situations are brought to "closure". These sessions canhappen at anytimeof day,anda session canbe called during unusual times If thesituation dictates. Sessions cango by various names; thepurpose Isthe same.Thefollowing describes situations where such sessions will occur, andalsogivessuggested guidelines:Thoms andRoses: Each night before everyone retires forthenightmake suretheentire crewdebriefs. A thorn issomething negative orbadthathappened suchas someone getting hurtor angry. A rose Is positive. Perhaps someone sawa deerin the meadow, or a lot of trailwas cut and everyone worked togetherexceptionally well. During this session it is important to always end the daypositively. If thereareanyproblems within the group, thisIsan opportunity tobring themoutIntheopen. Make Itknown from thestartthatthistimeis neutraltime. Be creative. if necessary useteam building games to emphasize teamwork.Ask thought provoking questions; this Is time when questions aboutanything can be answered. Sometimes it Is niceto end the session with thesong of the Orderof the Arrow. Thoms androses should occurat leastoncea dayon every dayof theparticipant's experience. Asa Foreman, Ifyouknowof any brewing situation, bring it Intothe open before it becomes a problem.Also. Foremen should giveample amounts of praise during these sessions.Nightly Foreman meeting: Once a day,perhaps at nightafterparticipants head tobed, the Foremen should meet. Thepurpose is to discuss anyproblems withthecrew, thetrail. among theForemen, or otherwise. Thenextdays activiliesshould be planned, for example: quote of the day,discussion facilitator, cookfacilitator. note-taker, special parts of theday'sschedule, etc.Weekly OA TrailCrewStaffmeeting: Once a week theentire OAStaffwill meet at11am on Friday.Debriefing: Aftereach rotation, all six Foremen will meetwiththeOAleadership todiscuss thesession. Alleight Foremen should meetbeforehand ifdesired, andtheSiteCoordinators should be prepared to present thoughts.OAlC STAFFFIELDBOOK 26 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuuuuuwwuwwwwuuuuuuuwuuuuuSite Coordinator meeting: Before the startof each rotation, the SiteCoordinatorswill meet withtheOATrail Crew leadershipOA Trail Crew leadership meeting:scheduled time.The OA leadership will meet at a weeklyForeman meeting: It Is Important to holdmeetings between youand your partner(I.e. theForeman andthe Assistant Foreman) often, to make sureyouareonthesame wavelength. Such meetings especially become important inplanningandexecuting the trek.Crewleaderofthedaydebriefing: Discuss thecrew leader of theday's experiencewithhimandworkon his leadership skills.Theworddebriefing is used Ingeneral to evaluate anyexperience. TheOA TrailCrewprogram provides many experiences which require debriefing for maximumeffectiveness: ceremonies. solo, mountaintop experience. etc. Anyspecial programelement should be debriefed to bring outthefull significence.Crew Leader of the Day -Timing: Each dayof trekportion of program.Thiswillallow every member leadership opportunities. There Isa good chance thata fewmembers in yourcrew willstand out withdominant personalities. Make sureto lookafterallcrewmembers. CrewLeader oftheDaywillespecially beImportantforaparticipant thatIsperhaps quiet, shyortimid. Work withhim.provide feedback,helphimgrowconfident.It may be best to startcrewleader of the day during the trek portion (at the lastmomlng at thesite). Often it is helpful if the Foremen pickthecrewleader forthefirstday. An experienced participant will know Base Camp procedures better andmaymake thetransition dayeasier. Make sureeach crewleader Is briefed abouthis responsibilities prior to starting theJob, anddebriefed afterwards to leamhowhecould build hisleadership skillsorwhat hisstrengths were. Debrieftimewillvarywith each hike. Make the time for the debriefing, it Is important for leadershipdevelopment. If It Is late or the leaderIs tired. lunch provides a good time for theconference. To alloweveryone a leadership opportunity an assistant crewleadermaybe required.Trek Itinerary -Timing: Developed andpickedup as according to the GForeman's Schedule. "During yourtimeat theworkslte. youwillneed to make timeto have thecrewplanItstrekItinerary. As a Foreman, It Isyourresponsibility to Inform them about whattheiroptions are, andto giveyouropinion on activities based onyour experiences.However, thefinaldecision is upto thecrew. Youcan take theirvotes andcompilethem, oryoucanhavethecrewdecide itself. ThePhilmont Guidebook toAdventuregives good descriptions of all Backcountry program elements. When planning theItinerary. besurethatyouaccount for all OA program elements. Solowill requirea good amount oftimeina special location. Mountaintop'sunrise andService HoursOATC STAFF FIELOBOOK27PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

to Camps willalso require foresight. Doing allactivities which every crew memberdesires maynotbefeasible. Trying to fit toomuch intoa schedule mayresult intoomuch hiking.Team Building Activities -Timing: Flexible. For SUI8 on the first few days.Many activities exist which aidIn developing positive team dynamics. Some titlesof possibilities are: all on a log, trustfall, name games, human knot, verbal judo,farkle barkle, snapshot, variations ontag,andcatandmouse. Always keep safetyin mind, anddebrieftheevent when necessary. Such activities areImportant onthefirstday, andmaytakeprecedence overteaching some hard skills. These activitiescan also occurat any time throughout the experience. Some specific activities(included those mentioned here) will be introduced during stafftraining. Alsoseethesection in thisbookon Group Dynamics.Wilderness Pledge -Timing: Flexible. Suggested: early in the program. Concepts will be appliedthroughout.Many Philmont Staff members consider the Wilderness Pledge to be the mostimportant activity done withcrews. It starts in Base Camp andIs reinforced by thetechnical andinterpersonal skills taught crews onthetrail.TheWilderness Pledgewill hopefUlly be taken home to troop, chapter and lodge programs as well. Whiletaking careof Philmont andotherwilderness areas is everyone's job,themethodsandattitudes begin with you.Themain purpose Is to instill anddevelop a conservation ethicin participants. Ata basic level, thisethic should apply at Philmont during theirtrek(astheWildernessPledge card states). Ata deeper level, theethicshould bedeveloped soastoapplyeverywhere, at alltimes. andtosuchanextent thattheparticipant willteach othersbackhome.There aremanyways to execute the pledge with yourcrews. Thewayyouchooseto do so is up to you. Consider the background of yourparticipants. Some crewmembers mayhave neverthought ofnatural resources. such astheland, asthingsthatmustbe conserved. Others mayalready understand the value of wilderness.Whatever yourcrew's background takethe challenge of a Foreman who, liketheLorax, ·speakfor thetrees, forthetrees have no tongues tosaywhat they please."(The Lorax by Or. Suess)Thefirst step, of course is to figure outwhatthepledge means to you. Make sureyou bring plenty of Wilderness Pledge cards withyouon thetrail. TheWildernessPledge card canbedistributed attheworksite or during thetrek. The·WP"canbea single experience or cantake place In stages.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 28 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uuuuuuu~~uuuuTheWilderness Pledge cardreads:Through good Scout camping, I pledge to preserve thebeauty andsplendor ofthe Philmont wilderness. I commit myself to:1) A litterandgraffiti-free Philmont2) A Respect of Wildlife3) Conservation andproper useof water4) Respect for trailsandtrailsigns5) Proper useof campsitesWhilethere arevarious ways ofusing theWilderness Pledgewithyourcrew, involveeveryone byreaching outto each participant andmake Itpersonal. Becreative andusethings likea poem from thebackof thisbook. Perhaps a story like"The Lorax"or a nature game can setthe tone.At nightyou canarrange everyone ina circle andhave them lie down withallheadsIn the center of the circle looking up at the stars. Also Interesting Is a game ofmemory where youlookat a patch of ground fora minute then close youreyes anddescribe it. Other ideas thatworkwellarea sunrise orsunset (these areparticularlyeffective), a beautiful view, blindfolded nature walks, heartfelt discussions, andcareful timing. The pledge Is usually mosteffective If It Is done on the second orthirdnightat theworkslte. this also allows the pledge to be understood from thebeginning.ThisIsa good timeto discuss thevarious types of Impact: high, low, concentrated,audile, visual, and physical (see elsewhere In this fleldbook). Executing theWilderness Pledge during the same daywhen you introduce the Night UndertheStaTS experience will give participants time to reflect on the pledge without therelative civilization of tents.Donot be afraid to addyourpersonality andstyleIntotheWilderness Pledge. Besureto read yourcrew's maturity levelbefore all games, stories, or quotes. Useveteran staff, Ranger Leadership. the Ranger Library, and the Seton Library forresources. Everyone canlearn to loveandvalue thewild.Emphasize howmuch ofa difference theindividual canmake. A good story totellIsthatofthefrog in boilingwater. Puta livefrogin coldwater, andthen tumtheheatup,andthefrog willboil.Puta frogInboiling water, andit willjumprightoutof the pot. We as humans arelivingInanenvironment thatwasoncecoldbutis slOWly being heated. ItIs hard tosee the damage to the environment, since it happens slowly in most cases.However, donotlet such a thingfool you. We willbolllikethefrogbecause wedonot realize thatwe areslowly starting to boll.Ifyoutake thispartofyourjob seriously, putyourheart Into it, know yourcrew, knowwhere youstand, anduseyourcreativity, thenthere Is no wayyou canfall. Its allup to you! Philmont and wilderness across the world are in your hands, give itheartlTrail Quotes ­Timing: as per bookletuuuYouwill beIssued blank booklets to pass outto yourparticipants for five separateoccasions. There is a Wilderness Quotes section In the back of thisfieldbook.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 29 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

· Before youstarttheactivity makesureyou writethe quote youwantto sayin thebooklet for each participant. You are given blank booklets to allow you theIndependence to choose a quote or passage thatbestcaptures thetime andmood.The booklet can be saved by the participant for future reflection. Take the timetoprepare ahead of timewithyourpartner andwrite legibly. Eachexperience shouldhave a different thought for each participant. specially catered to the person.Spending time to comeup withthe quotes is timewell spent.There are many ways to Implement the quotes into each experience. Perhapsdiscussa few favorites as a groupas partof the mountain top experience. or letthem reada fewontheirown. Read a quote or twoaloud andlet each person thinkaboutIt forthenight underthe stars. Becreative, thoughtful. andmakethemostofthemoment, sothateachquote willspeak deeply to yourcrew. Youwillneedto getto knoweach participant personally to make eachof theirfive quotes meaningful.Forexample, if oneof yourcrewmembers hasself-confidence problems. leaveaquote that talks about suchrelevant Issues to him. Feelfreeto useanypersonalquotes, or anyquotes in the backof this fieldbook.Mountaln.Top Sunrise -Timing: A morning durlngthe t18k.Plana mountain·top sunrise Intoyourtrek. There areplenty of vistasandpeaks tocatch a breath-taking sunrise. Thismaybethefirsttimesome oftheseparticipantshaveeverseenthe sun rise. Afterthe sun has risen across the horizon. you canread a quote reflecting this special moment.Planthis carefUlly. It mayhelpto set camp upon the eastsideof the mountain, Ifnotthetopsuchas Mt.Phillips. Make sureyouhavethe bestviewpossible. Also,be prepared In caseof the rarecloudy morning.Night Under the Stars -Timing: Any evening; suggestion: earlyIn the weekat the works/teoFar away from city lights. the Philmont night sky Is dark. Starsare everywhere.Perhaps youcould learn or teach constellations. It Isnotuncommon to seeseveralshooting stars lightthe sky. Hopefully yourcrewwill spend mostnights sleepingunderneath the sky. Pick a clear night to pull out a booklet for this experience.Inside should be a quote reflecting this special moment. (Check on the bearsituation andPhilmont's policy on meadow crashing before proceeding).Theexperience works bestIf Implemented during theworksession on the secondor third night. An open meadow Is required. Doing this experience earlysets aprecedent of not using tents, which is an excellent outdoor experience. Ifparticipants are not comfortable, consider forming a "covered wagon circle" whichwill helpcalmfears. Thisespecially workswellon the first night.The Solo-Timing: Planned Intothe t18k; considertiming and quantity of time.Planintoyouritinerary neartheendof thetrek. Thiswill betimespentalone to lookbackon theexperience. andon theirlivesIn general. Tryas bestyoucanto makeit an element of surprise. Thisneeds to be doneat a trail campor off the beatenOATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 30 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuupath. However, it should not be too far from a staffed camp. in case of anemergency, andit should bewilhln reach of a water source.Careful timing andtrekplanning arerequired for Solo. If done at night, participantsaremostlikely to sleep through it. Trytoplana short hiketo allowparticipants timeto reflect during the day, without theopportunity to sleep. At leasttwelve hours isneeded; more Is better. As an example, 9 pmto 11 amIs nota good choice (mostwillsleep). 2 pmto8ammaybebetter since thisdoes notonlyencompass normalsleeping hours.Finda beautiful spoton the Ranch, preferably a large meadow. Askexperiencedstafffor suggestions. Choose a place largeenough to giveeach participant ampleroom, andtomakesure thattheydonotseeeach other. Also, make sure thata trailor campis not directly Inthearea, sothatparticipants do notgetdistracted. Dropoff one person at a time from your crew as you walk around the area. Tie abandana around a tree at each place you drop someone off. This is thepickup/drop-off point or called a ·control center." It is Important that eachparticipant canseethe bandanna butnoteach other. Here theycanplace emptywater bottles to be filled by you, leave a note if something is needed. leavesmellables. etc.Besure participants know youwillgetthem when Itistimeto retum.OneForeman will be at thecontrol center at ALLtimes. Safety Is a majorpriority,somakesure each participant hasawhistle andnoknives, matches. or fire. ThereIssimply noneedforanyofthem. They willneed: tentfly, rain gear, cord fora bearline (If needed), bandana, water, flashlight, sleeping bagwith a stuffsack. paper.pen,AP,warm clothes. andsnacks. Collect allwatches sothey arenotpreoccupiedwithtime. It Isnotnecessary thatparticipants have smellables onthem at night. Iftiming Is right, a lunch can be distributed for a meal, and the trash be collectedbefore night (If desired. try to arrange with a commissary to get an extra lunchInstead ofa dinner orbreakfast). Leave them withtheirindividually catered quotes.Solo is something that needs to be briefed and debriefed (more than otherexperiences). Before spreading everyone out, explain your expectations. It isespecially Important toseta relaxed atmosphere. Answer anyquestions. Tellthemwhat to do in an emergency, how to hang food by themselves. and emphasizereflectionI Debrief byincluding the positives andnegatives oftheexperience. Askhowoften they really getthechance tobealone bythemselves. (Check onthebearsituation before proceeding.)A Long Journey -Timing: During a longhikeof the trek.This quote can be effectively utilized on a long day of hiking. Many ItinerariesInclude a long day. The quote can be distributed In the moming, or later wheneveryone Istired. When debriefing. discuss thefactthatlife is fullof similar trials.In the Sprlt of Service-Timing: As parllcipant le8ves for home.It can contain contact Information. along witha farewell andperhaps a thoughtfulquote. Be sure to have It ready to Issue to the participant as he leaves. Sinceparticipants will depart at various times, remain flexible withimplementation.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 31 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Fellowship Hike -Timing: Ideally, thelast day of the worksite.The fellowship hike takes place between the worksile and a destination in theBackcountry decided upon by the Foremen. Modeled after the National Nimatprogram, this element is designed to be inspirational andallowdeeper reflection.It alsobridges thefirstweek to thenext. Before attempting thiselement, a coupleof Foremen need walk the route to know where to make three stops. Otherconsiderations are beautiful views andthe sizeof the entire crew.Plan this element nearthe lastday at theworksite. Have a backup dayin caseofrain. Two Foremen depart the workslte early, and go to prepare a large feast.Make sureto be prepared for the cooking and cleaning.On the final nightat the workslte, If possible. let the group know they are doingsomething very serious. Everyone is required to go. Make sure no one staysbehind. After the crew stops work early. they should clean up the worksite.Participants should line up In a single file line,and should be asked to remain insilence. OneForeman should leadandanother remain in thebackto make surenooneIs dragging behind.First Stop: Before starting the walk. explain In your own words that "Our timetogether has given us all opportunities to talk with each other. Let'swalk insilence thinking aboutthe brotherhood we have felt this week.· Then startwalking. At anappropriate stopping point, findanopen areaandhavethecrewforma circle. Circling a rockaddsto the drama. Explain again that"Ourtimetogether hasgiven us allopportunities to talkwitheach other. Please shareaspecificexample of an occasion you've felt the bond of brotherhood. ThenstepIntothecircle andshake each brother's hand." Fortiming reasons, It mayhelpto havethenextScout startspeaking aftershaking the previous scourshand. Conclude bysinging thesong. Before departing thefirststop, introducethe second thought, "This week we have labored. Occasionally ourcheerfulness hasworn thin. Turnyourthoughts to the experiences that havegiven you some pleasure. Thinkaboutthem in silence for a fewmoments aswe walk...."Second Stop: At thesecond stop, re-explain thatyouarethinking of cheerfulness.Have everyone shareanespecially cheerful memory of theweek. At the end,haveeveryone saytheobligation. Besureto Introduce thethirdthought beforedeparting thesecond location: "Think about yourservice to yourtroop, lodge.and council...."ThirdStop: Atthelaststopexplain service. ''Think aboutyourservice toyourtroop,lodge, andcouncil. Share yourfuture Intentions thathave been Inspired bythisexperience." Ifthe fellowship walkis implemented effectively. thisfinal portioncan be particularly emotional and meaningful. Planon bringing some smallfood, perhaps cookies. One Foreman can hand each participant a pieceoffood In service as they follow the other Foreman out of the ring. This willsymbolize service.Finish witha largemeal cooked atthecampbytheotherForemen. Thisexperiencerelies heavily on thecreativity of the Foremen. Be sureto plancarefUlly.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 32 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uService Hours to Camps ­Timing: During the trek.The Order of the Arrow is based on unselfish service to others. These servicehours will be accumulated during thetrek portion of the OATC. Determination ofservlpe projects willbeatthediscretion oftheForemen. It maybewise to geta listof conservation tasks from the Conservation department before departing Base.Thatwayyouwillhave backup projects if noBackcountry Camp service opportunitypresents Itself.Letter to Partlclpant-Timing: Written on dayafterparticipants depart.A follow up letterwill be written by Elach Foreman to each participant after theparticipant hasdeparted from Philmont. TIme Is provided in theschedule forthis.Letter to Self-Timing: Written byparticipants toward theendof the trek.uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuHave each participant write a letter to themselves describing their personalexperiences onthetrail, specific goals set(personal, OA, etc.)anda general senseof theexperience. Puttheletterintoanenvelope, address it, andturn ItIntotheOAleadership during staffdebriefing. Theletterwill be sentto them several monthslater, andwillserve to further motivate the participant once he hasleftthe Ranch.You will be given envelopes to giveto the participants. Make sure to alottime forthis, perhaps at the endof thetrekor maybe upon returning to Base Camp.Consider writing oneto yourself priorto theendof yourcontract. Give thelettertothe ADC-OA or anAssistant Director.Journal-Timing: Throughout entire experience.Each participant should keep ajournal to capture thoughts, writeabout experiencesonthetrail, orjot a reminder abouta program idea. Encourage participants to keeptrackof theirspecial Philmont experience. Theywillcherish theirexperience Inthefuture. You will be encouraged to keep a similar Journal for yourown.Pebbles for Rededication Ceremony -Timing: Collected throughout, remind before banquet to bringwith.Nearthe beginning of yourtrekdiscuss the pebbles withyourcrew. Askyourcrewmembers to select one pebble to represent a special memory, experience, oremotion that they experienced during their two-week program. The pebble canrepresent anything. Talkwithcrewmembers to make suretheybring thepebble tothe Closing Banquet where It will be used in a ceremony. Double check thatparticipants havetheirpebbles before leaving Base Camp.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 33 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Participant Evaluation­Timing: Nearor onlast day.Eachparticipant willbe evaluated bytheForemen. Thisevaluation is placed in theirpersonal fileandusedin thefuture asa reference. if theyapply for a staffposition.Therefore. it is important that youofferconstructive andhonest feedback not onlyto the participant, but to the evaluation formas well. Thiscan be usedas a tool inleadership development andpersonal growth for the participant.Discuss withyourpartner aside fromthegroupeachcrewmember. Behonest. offerconstructive criticism. Howdidtheparticipant workwiththeothermembers? Whatkindof leaderIs he? Did he offergoodideasto the group? Didhe Joke around alot? Did he cut the other guys down? Was he a hard worker? Was heenthusiastic? Spend timewith yourpartner writing theevaluations. Partoftheformis a recommendation for staff. If theparticipant would makean excellent Philmontstaffer, encourage himto apply.Plan ample time on the last day to discuss each evaluation with the participant.Whether onthelastdayonthetrail,in Base Camp, or in Cimarron (ifthecrewgoesout to lunch). spend the time. Have eachparticipant come overand talk with thebothof you. Giveyouropinion of hisperformance. Youobserved himthelasttwoweeks.Bynowyouknow himrather well. Donottbe afraid to tell thetruth. Yetbetactful, considerate of hisfeelings, and always endpositively.n1'1Evaluation of Foremen and Program ­Timing: Lastday.Your crew will have the opportunity to offer constructive feedback and criticismregarding theoverall program. Theforms will be in yourpacket when youarrive inBase Camp. Encourage participants to fill out the form honestly and completely.This evaluation will be anonymous. They will fill out three forms: one for theprogram andonefor each Foreman.Philmont Seasonal Staff Performance Evaluation -Timing: Tobe determined byyoursupetvisor; oneaftereachofyourCI8WS.During your employment at Philmont. youwill be evaluated by the OATrail Crewleadership. Your observed performance. with your crews. with other staff. andotherwise willbetaken intoaccount. Otherfactors willalsobeaccounted for.suchas the evaluations which you receive from participants. Your evaluations aredesigned to offer maximum feedback and opportunity for personal growth. Yourperformance willbeformally discussed threetimesthroughout thesummer. andthelastonewill be placed In yourpermanent Philmont file. .Other Activity OptionsTiming: to de determined-Thoughtsofthe Day-Local History-Environmental Games-Low-impact tip of the day-Songs-Crew Rock Pile-Plant Identification-Star StUdy-Hour of self reflectionOATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 34 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuu"-'uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuHard SkillsFirstAid and Emergency ProceduresMapand CompassHydrationElement ChecklistThisis a guideto helpyoukeeptrackof the Program Elements. Thislist is notfirmnor comprehensive: readthe preceding section for specifics.Hard SkillsImpactlConservation EthicTeamworkPhilmont HistoryBase CampWork Site and/or TrekWork SiteHard SkillsCamp andCampsite Selection andSetupCooking, Cleaning andFireWaterandSanitationBearsand AnimalsTrail Building andToolsSpecial! Dangerous Camping ConditionsBreaking CampHard SkillsHikingMapand CompassReview! TestotherHardSkillsTrekActivitiesTeam Building ExercisesShakedown! Packs & PackingBusTourActivitiesDiscussionsDebriefings! Thoms & RosesReligious ServicesTeam Building ActivitiesWilderness PledgeJournalPebbles for ClosingActivitiesOpening CeremonyDiscussionsLodge IdeasBookWilderness PledgeNightUnder the StarsTrailLogFellowship HikeActivitiesCrewLeader of the DayMountain Top SunriseSoloA Long JourneyService Hours to CampsAfter TrekActivities: Closing Banquet andRededication Ceremony. Pebbles. In the SpiritofService. and Letter to Participant. Evaluation of Foremen andProgram, letterto Self, and Participant Evaluation can be donenearthe endof the trek or InBase Camp.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 35 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

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uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuREFERENCE MATERIALSHard and Soft SkillsThefollowing sections provide written information on skillswhich youwillapply asa Foreman. As you practice theseskills, yourproficiency will grow. Although thetechniques presented herearefounded in much experience, donotbeafraid to tryteaching something In a new, creative way. There are many hard skills to teach.If needed, carry a personal checklist to ensure you coverall. Covering what isrequired on the ·Phllmont CrewTraining Checkilsf is the bare minimum. ShowInitiative.Read thePhilmont Guidebook to Adventure. Many hard skillsarecovered indepththere. Also, it Isgoodto befamlliarwith whattheparticipant hasalready (hopefully)read.Teaching Techniques:INTERPERSONAL SKILLS1.TheImportance oftechnlque.a. Personality makes a lesson stick. Nothing hasto bejusta lesson, it can bea scenarlol Usemetaphors.b.TheInformation IsImportant, butthewayyousaysomething Isgoing tostaywithcrews longerthanwhat you say. (See Tone). Becreative, experimentwithdifferent teaching methods such as visual andauditory.c. Teaching Is not telling. We need to facilitate learning, notforce it.2. The"need to know" style.a. Teach things asyoucome to them (Teachable Moments). When youcometo a stream, talk about streams. Whenyou reach camp, talk about tentsetup. Thiswill regUlate theway informatfon is processed by the youth.When one seeswhat Is being taught, the Information is learned muchmore readily. When onepractices theskill, teaching iseven more efficient.However, some Information needs to betaught before a situation occurs,such as firstaid andbearsafety.b. Askthecrewto figure things out. If thecrewmembers figure things outforthemselves, then theywill learn It. If wejust say"thisIs because of this,"It willonlysinkIntoshort-term memory, Example: OnWilson Mesa withacrew, "Whatdoyouall notice about thisarea? What doyouthinkcausedthat? Whatcanwe do to prevent this from happening again?" Answer:pioneers clear-cut the landdueto the logging Industry.3. Useteachable moments to youradvantage.a. The most obvious teachable moments that arise come in the form ofquestions. Many of these greatest opportunities to getacross Intangibleconcepts such as environmental ethics are hidden in these questions.Example: ·What Is a sump?" It is where we dump our water...toconcentrate ourodors...to reduce impact...to seeto it thatourpresence inthePhilmont backcountry is as difficult as possible to detecL.totreatthislandwithallthe respect it deserves. Startwiththecoldfacts, thenutilizethose -Whys" to facilitate those intangible concepts.OAlC STAFFFIELDBOOK 37 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

.Remember thatthemind of a youth focuses more easily onthetangible thanthe intangible. So useexamples andgive"whys" Imagine theimpact oftwo different answers to the same questions: "Why should I put mysmellabies in the bearbag?" 1) "Because it attracts bears." 2) "Becauseit attracts bears. andmany of ourbearincidents (some of which includedinjuries to humans) have beentheresultof carelessness withsmellables."Beware of the "If I can'tseeit, it's notthere" mentality. Thesolid factthatpeople have been injured by bears at Philmont will facilitate the overallconcept thatbears area danger to betaken seriously. Please referto thesection on bears elsewhere in this book.4. A teaching method.a. Discover theteachable moment.b. Plantheteachable moment outmentally. makesureallnecessary itemsarepresent.c. Present the moment using "whys."d. Geteveryone involved.e. Review whatwas discussed andwhy.5. Attention keeping.a. Makeit interesting, teach creativelyIb.Beenthusiasticl Themost effective wayto holdattention istopolitely projectthe attitudethat whatyou haveto say is the mostimportant thing in theworld.c. Varyyourteaching technique, try newthings.d. Keep it brief. No longerthan thirtyminutes without a change of pace.e. Beware of timing. If the crew Is tired, their attention span will dissipaterapidly. Alsowatch tact. Firstaidduring dinnercan be inappropriate.f. Useeyecontact.g. If a crewmember is not paying attention, diplomatically ask him question.·So whatdo you think Tim?" Timwilleitherbe flattered, brought intoline,or embarrassed because he hasno cluewhatyouweretalking about.h. Whatever youdo,do notmake theyouth feelridiculed and uneasy. Donotknock his response down theentire way. In otherwords. avoid using anynegative words inresponding to aparticipants comment. IfitIswrong, usetact. Forexample, "Tim, thatis kindof right, although morealong thelinesof.....6. Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication.a. Remember: 35%of all communication is verbal, 65%is non-verbal.b. When one examines howmuch another person actually believes whatissaid, it Isfound verbal messages (What Issaid)account for 7%of whatIsbelieved. Vocalmessages (thewayit Issaid) account for 38%, andvisualmessages (what the person sees) accounts for 55%. In otherwords,SHOWandTELL. Example: Doyoureallyacthappyintherain? Dotheybuy it? Do you lamely say "It isn't so bad," or do you enthusiasticallyportraythe part of the one person in the universe who honestly LOVESrain? Puddle jumping works for Instance.7. Tone.a. Read a poem to yourself two ways, once with flavor, once with apathy.Crews maynot remember whatyousaidor whatyou read duringOATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 38 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

Wilderness Pledge. but they will remember the time youtook. They willremember thatit meant a lot to you.b. Reproaching. Think to yourself, doyou liketo hearaOon't putit there, dork!What did I say? Gees'- or alet's see, don't put it over there, it willprobably workbestoverhere. aSave yoursterness forthe rare occasionwhen youmightreally need It, when safety is an Issue. Never raise yourvoice unless it isanabsolute must; Ifsomething dangerous must stop now.e. TheAuthority/Friend Une.a.ThisIsa skillto beused in anyleadership setting. Getto know yourPeople!Betheirfriend, and do things withthem. If youknow each oneandwhothey are,theywillrespect youandbe easier to dealwith. People want tobe likedby theirsupervisors.b. TheImportant thing to keep In mind Iswhile maintaining the friend part, donotlosetheauthority line. It mustbethere. It Isa finelineto walk, butbywalking it, youcanfacilitate excellent rapport.uuuu9. Do'sand Don'ts.a. Do .• Useallresources: thisbook, other materials, coworkers. and leadership withteaching techniques• Facilitate.Usten• Bepositive. thinkaPosltlve Mental Attltude a (PMA)• AskaWhy?a• Circle people up• Gobythe rule: "The onlysillyquestion is theonethat doesn't getasked:• Beflexible• Bepatientb. Don'L.....• Be mundane• Be afraid of your personality: Go ahead and throw yourself Into It, yourpersonality is whatmakes It cllckluu10.Relating to Crews.a. Crew Members: Ask themall what theyareInterested In. Bepersonable.listen to them. Find out whatthey know, utilizethosewhohave done Itbefore. The bestwayto gain theirtrustandrespect is by showing themtrustandrespect.b. Crew Leaders. Each daya newcrewleader will be selected. During yourfirstcrewdebriefing, discuss thisrole. Include thegoalsfor being a Crewleader: each one of themwill takea turnat leading the group, you arethere tohelpthem learn, build leadership skills, andconfidence. Importantthatthe groupwork as one. Reiterate, the entire group overcomes eachchallenge together.11.Teaching Atmosphere.a.Always putyourself intheparticipant's position before youstartteaching anyskill. A goodteachable moment for teaching backcountry eating Isbeforethefirst meal. However, theaudience will be hungry andwill have littleOATCSTAFFFIELOBOOK 39 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

attention span. This is one example of a balance which needs to be found.Another example: do nottryto hold a discussion lateat night. Overall, makesurethatwhatyou areteaching is amenable to theparticipants' mood. In all situations,the speaker Istheone who should be facing the sun, and should not be wearingsunglasses.b. Since you are teaching In the outdoors, manydistractions will exist. A bigone is the sun. Avoid teaching for more than a shorttimein directsun.Learn to read yourcrew. If a number of them arenotattentive, stopwhatyouare doing andtry another activity. Forexample, if thefirstaid lessonis dragging, stand upandtakea break by playing some group dynamicslteam building game. Themind canabsorb onlywhattheseatcanendure.c. Use of the circle should be ubiquitous at Philmont. Circling everyone upallows everyone to seeandheareach other, makes everyone equal, andsymbolizes teamwork.,...,Ii12.TimeManagementa. Plan well in advance for all activities, so that essential elements are notrushed dueto alackoftime. Thisisespecially Important given thenumberof elements which the OA Trail Crewprogram involves. Plan not onlyenough time, but also a sequence of activities. A common example ofmismanagement of timeat Philmont Iswashing dishes andhanging bearbagsin the dark, while timewaswasted during the day.b. Timemanagement is especially important withregards to trailbuilding. Tomaximize efficiency you need to monitor all participants. Forexample, ifhalf of the participants are donewith breakfast and ready for work, oneForeman can head out to the trailbuilding sitewiththem. When the restare ready, theycanproceed in a second group. Once timemanagementis mastered, youcanbegin to creatively manage yourtime. Forexample,if a small groupiswailing onthemajority of thecrew, youcanplaya quickgame with them. It is Important to provide participants with a programpacked experience. If you realize that they are talking about or doingsomething that they could have done at home, address the situation.Philmont Issuch aunique environment thateach moment canbe filled witha new, Interesting experience. Never a dull moment! (Of course, somerelaxation timeIs necessaryl)13.Setting the Tonea. It is imperative to create a high standard atmosphere up front. From thestart, you need to direct the particlpant's language and conversationstoward aproductive end. Obscene language andconversation should notbetolerated, andshould befirmlycorrected. Although obscene languageis not wrong in itself, it serves to detract the participants from a greaterexperience. As a Foreman, you need to leadby example•.b. Besides language, conversation and actions in general also need to bedirected. Asa Foreman, yourAttitUdes, Actions andAppearance willserveto directtheentireatmosphere. Create a program thatstrives to meetthehighest ideals of Scouting andthe Orderof the Arrow.14.Major Themesa.Throughout anyPhilmont program a certain setof major themes underlay allprogram materials. Some of these Include: teamwork, conservation, andsafety (and In the OAprogram, the threeWs). Teamwork Is apparent inOATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 40 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuhiking (staytogether). camp set-up (crew gearfirst). meals (sharing) andbear bag hanging (need everyone to pull the ropes). Conservation Isapparent in trail building (purpose of a trail), hiking (stay on the trail).camping (lowimpact skills), water usage, andhistory (logging andmining),andis key in the Wilderness Pledge. Safety is seen In hiking (spacing),trail building (safety first), and animals (smellables). Key topics whichpermeate the Philmont experience should be highlighted at eachopportunity where they arise. A participant maynotmake theconnectionbetween staying onthetrailandminimizing water usage, unless you referto themwiththe same terms (conservation, or impact). If the participantcan learn everything under a few major topics, then he will surelyremember theconcepts better.15.In Conclusiona. Remember, beyourself. Throw In yourpersonality. As you startoutonthefirstcrew, youwillregurgitate what you have learned. When youtakewhatyouhave learned andthrow inyour own uniqueness, then It is happening.Individual stylemakes yougrow as a Foreman.b. Keep in mind: A person hasto dofar more than theminimum outlined intheJob description tobesatisfied withtheirwork, IftheworkIstohave a lastingImpact. Go theextra mileforthe participants, it will make the difference.uuuuuuuuOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 41 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

SHAKEDOWNShakedown isa vitalpartof yourworkwitheachcrew. Ifyoudoa good shakedown,yourcrewwill notonlyhavea bettertime,but it will avoid sometrouble situationscaused by having inadequate (oroveradequate) equipment.Yourgoal Is to getevery person equipped adequately butcarrying as lighta packas possible. Each itemshould be considered against fourcriteria:• USEFULNESS • DURABILITY• BULK• WEIGHTIt is yourresponsibility as a Foreman to seethateachcamper's gearis appropriateanduseful. Makesuggestions aboutinadequate items.Give reasons as towhyan itemmaybe inadequate. OthelWise, youmayleavethecrew thinking thatyouareonlygiving yourownpersonal preference. andtheymayfigure thattheirown opinion is as goodas yours. Always knowwhyanitemshouldbe included or left behind. andtell the crew.An effective shakedown is necessary for ensuring the success and enjoyment ofyourcrew. It Is important to realize that this is a verysensitive timein which yourwords and actions carrymuch weightand are conscientiously noted by the crew.Mostlikely. theparents ofyourcampers andthecampers themselves have acertainamount of pride Intheirequipment. It Issafeto assume thatthecampers areusingthe bestequipment theyhave. When youquickly lookat gearandsimply tell themthatit is notanygood ornotneeded, youmayseriously hurtsome feelings. AlwaysgiveeachScout yourIndividual attention andcarefully explain thereason whysomeitems mayor maynot be needed. Be creative, consider equipment that can beshared witha tentmate: toothpaste. tent. small knife, etc.When items are inadequate or missing. be sensitive when suggesting that theymakepurchases at theTrading Post. Many Scouts areona limited budget. Whilecertain Itemsof theirequipment may not be optional. differentiate between thosethatare Inadequate andunusable andthose thatmaysuffice.Shakedowns have a SUbjective element. Whatoneperson deems adequate for acertain situation may be different from another. As a Foreman. you must find acompromise between whatthe participant thinks will work and whatyou think isproper. For example, If a participant regularly hikes in mountains and situationscomparable to Philmont for extended periods with only basketball shoes. thenperhaps he doesnotneedhiking boots for the trek.If you do a complete shakedown the first day.youwill nothaveto do onethe dayyoudepart for yourtrek. Ontheotherhand, itemswhich aretaken to theworksitemaydifferslightly from itemstaken on the trek. Forexample, work boots maybeappropriate for trail building. where as hiking boots are essential during the trek.Similarly, carrying a fork to the worksite may be nice (especially for the worksitefood). but onlya spoon is necessary on the trek.Shakedown can also be used as a set of teachable moments on teamwork andenvironmental impact. Forexample. we minimize usage ofsoap forenvironmental ,-..,OATCSTAFF FIElDBOOK42PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH,-..,

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuureasons, andthebottle of soapcanbeshared. At Philmont sharing ofitems whicharenotusually shared is required. Utilize such available teachable moments; allotenough timeto do a good, educational shakedown. Shakedown should be morethanjust reciting What to bring on the trail(many experienced campers knowwhatto bring anyway).Conducting A Shakedown -1. Find an open area around BaseCamp (excluding chapel areas). Have thecrew members spread out their ground cloths and empty all the contents oftheirpack'onto onehalfof theground cloth. If it Israining usually youcanusethe dining hall. Make sureyou get permission fromthe dining hall staffpriorto conducting thisprocedure. Clean upandputchairs backwhere theybelongbefore leaving.2. The Foreman always faces the sun (for all teaching, actually). ThisIs acourtesy to the participant.3. Asyougothrough thelist,eachcrew member moves that particular Itemto theemptyhalf of the ground cloth. For some Items, the whole crew can hold theitemupfortheForeman to check, for others theForeman mustwalkaround tocheckindividually.4. Each person should keepa listofltemsneeded attheTrading Post. When youarefinished, each person should havea listandtwoplies. Onepilegoesonthetrail, onepile stays behind.5. Never be too lenienton the shakedown. However, be sensitive to Individualpreferences as longas theyarewithin reason.6. Make sure you and your partner are on the same wavelength regardingequipment.7. Deodorant andsheath knives, asa rulenevergoonthetrail,anytime. Also, nodrugsor alcohol, perthe Guidebook to Adventure.uuuuuuuu8. Showthecorrect wayto packanInternal andexternal frame pack. ThisIsalsoa good timeto ensure thateachparticipant knows howto adjustand wearhispack.PERSONAL EQUIPMENT -Codes for equipment:BB • Packed together in aplastic bagto beplaced inthebearbag. SmellableItems which arefor the bodymaynotbe applied afterthe early afternoon,to avoid lingering scents.S • Canbe shared witha buddy.A • Keep this itemeasily accessible in a packor on person.• • Available at Philmont Trading Post.OATCSTAFFFIELOBOOK 43 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Packing -Backpack with padded hlpbeltPackcover"Check quality andfit: If not adequate.suggest a rental. Padded hip strap Isessential. Adjustpackto fit thewearer.Highly recommended; if waterproofcoverIs notavailable. largeplasticgarbage bagscan be used. Bring severalspares. theyteareasily.Plastic bags, assorted sizes • For keeping geardryandorganized., Alsousedfor carrying broken food bags.r--..r--..Sleeping -r--..Sleeping bagin a waterproof sack BagmustInsulate to approximately 30°.,...,A lineror insulated underwear willincrease warmth. If stuffsackis notr--..waterproof, usea plastic bag Inside thestuffsack.r-"Straps to hold sleeping Straps withbuckles aresuperior to r--..bagon packbungi cordsor ropefor lashing gearon topacks because theyholdtighter. aremore r--..easily adjusted, andprevent the loadfromr--..bouncing.Sleep clothing • Clothes to be worn ONLY in the sleepingbag. Theyensure thatthereareno foododorsonthe Scouts at night. Should bepacked in the sleeping bag. Theday'sclothes should be keptin the pack. awayfromthetent.Waterproof groundcloth • Large enough to fit tent.Do notusea poncho that is alsobeing usedas raingear. Also, twogroundcloths(oneInside andone on bottom) aresometimes betterthan one.r--..Foam pad" Forcomfort andwarmth. ,.....,Highly recommended.,.....,Stocking capForcooldaysand sleeping.Footwear-Hiking boots Check for firmness, durability, and r»waterproofing. If new. encouragecarrying sneakers as a backup. Also.r--..useat workslte mayhelpbreak them in..11OATCSTAFFFIELOBOOK 44 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH,....,r-"r-"f'o,r-"r-"r-"r-"\('I('Ir--..r-"r--..r--..n('"'"'\.('"'"'\.r-"

\"",JWWSneakers/tennis shoesHighly recommended for many reasons:for in-camp use, if blisters becomesevere, andif boots break or getwet.W Sandals Discourage dueto inefficient useatBackcountry programs such as rockWclimbing andchallenge courses.I-J 2-3 pairs of Used as an outer sock; reducesw heavy wool socks • friction andprovides extra cushion.Alsohelpswicksweat away from foot.W3 pairsof Also wicksweat away from foot; lighter, Innerw socks • reduce friction anditchfrom woolsocks. Recommend polypropylene &wnylon dress socks.wUUuwClothlng-Itmaybenecessary to reiterate toparticipants thatPhilmont weather conditions areprobably different than what they are accustomed to, and that the weatherconditions atthetimeofshakedown donotrepresent theextreme fluctuations whichPhilmont experiences.2-3 pairunderwear Wearone,carry twoor three. Less ifdesired.w 2 pairof shorts Wearone, pack one. Loose, light,comfortablefit.WW1 pairof longpants Needed for conservation work, poleclimbing, horseback riding, mine tours,Ucoldweather and mosquitoes. Sweatuwpants or longunderwear withrainpantscanbe used. but more durable materialsarerecommended.2-3shortsleeved shirts Canbewornas an undershirt. AvoidUnylon shirts astheydo notwick awayUperspiration andmayfeelcoldandclammy.U1 longsleeve shirt Used for warmth at nightandonU0001 mornings. Alsohelpful toprevent sunburn.wow 1 sweater or sweatshirt Lightest andwarmest available. Woolor polypropylene is bestsince theyWInsulate even when wet.w 1 sturdy rainjacket ESSENTIAL. Donothit thetrailwithor poncho (A)outsturdy, durable raingear. PhilmontWweather consists of almost dallyrain.UU'-IOATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 45 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

1 hat or capEating -Deep bowlor plate*Cup*Spoon (durable)*Waterbottles (A)*Prevents headaches, sunburnandeye strain.Sufficient for all Philmont foods.As partof thecleaning procedures,the plateor dishmustbe ableto fitentirely within the large cooking potswhich Philmont Issues the crew. Thisdisqualifies mostfrisbees.Also useful for measuring.Onlyutensil needed. For lowweight,durable plastic is preferred .Twoquarts minimum. Plastic is lightestand durable. Twoone-quart bottles arebetterthanonelargerbottle. MustbehungInbearbagIf usedwith drink mix.Miscellaneous &Personal -Small pocket knife (A)*Used mostly for opening foodpackets.Sheath knives are awkward witha hipbeltandare unnecessarily large. Theydonot go on thetrail.Matches or lighter (A, BB)*50 ft. 1/8"nylon cord (S)*Flashlight (S)Map (A)*Compass (A)In a waterproof container. Should becarried at all timesfor emergency use.To rig the dining fly, repairequipment, or useas a clothesline.Small with newbatteries. If minimizingweight, oneper tentIs sufficient. Carryan extra set of batteries, or insertbackwardsInflashlight to prevent accidentalturn-on.Recommended for eachperson topurchase, at leastthree needed percrew.For thetrek, it is goodfor the crewtohaveone set of eitherthe Philmont trimapsorthe USGS 7 1/2 minute topos.Make surethere are enough backcountrymapsin thegroup.ESSENTIAL. liquid filledmounted ona plasticrectangular baseis optimalOATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 46 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

I..JBandana.Serves as a wash cloth, hot potUhandkerchief,holder. waterbottle strainer andhasau small towel(A. BB) variety of otheruses.U Whistle (A) Only usedto signal emergencies.U Money $10-$20 recommended. Onlysmallbillscanbe accepted in the backcountry.No need for a wallet.uuLip balm (A. BB)*ESSENTIAL. Exertion and exposureUInthe dry,highaltitude climate Increaseslip chapping.UUuSoap/shampoo (BB, S)*Campsuds maybe usedfor both.Canshare onebottlewithmany people.U Toothbrush Small tubes. Toothpaste maybe shared.andtoothpaste (BB)*Emphasize using minimal toothpaste InUthe backcountry as It Is highly smellable.u Small towel Nota largebeach towel. Bandannaumaybe usedaswashcloths.u Moleskin or Highly recommended for blisters andumolefoam (BB, S)•hotspots.uBand aids (BB. S)A fewto supplement crewfirstaid kit.U1 roll 1" adhesive tape (BB. S) To coverhot spots and holdmoleskin/bandalds on. NotnecessaryUIf crewfirst aid kit hasenough.U Sunscreen (BB. S)* Highly recommended. Sunlight Is moreuIntense in higherelevation. SPF 15minimum.uSunglassesHighly recommended.uSmall notepad & penForjournals or emergency messages.~ Onenotebook will be provided.u OptionaluCamera & film (BB) Takeas much film as needed in caseuUUuu....,.;Inexpensive watchbackcountry trading posts aresoldout.Takefilmout of boxes and keep Inaplastic bag.Several crewmembers should havewatches. Perhaps encourage minimizingusage of watch for a newexperience.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 47 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Fishing equipmentand licensePostcards"Philmont Fleldguide·Guidebook to Adventure (S)Insulated underwear •Shaving equipment (BB,S) •Insectrepellent (BB, S) •Footpowder (BB, S) •Work glovesDuet tape (S)If itinerary includes fishing.Equipment is available in FishCamp,PJ,andAbreufor use in thosecampsonly.Pre-stamp in Base Camp. Canbe mailedfrom staffed camps, but mallis slow.Oneper crewhighlysuggested.Recommend taking a few.Often worn in sleeping bag.Individual preference.One small bottlepercrew. Rarely used.Absorbs moisture andcan reduceblisters. limited time usage.Leather recommended, snugfit, reduceblisters. Mandatory. Philmont will provideglovesIf participant doesnot have.Multiple uses,wraparound waterbolUes.CREW EQUIPMENT Furnished by Philmont Services,Besides the personal gear, each crew has responsibility for its own equipment.Select a crew leader of the day who should make the assignments as to whocarries what crewgear on the trek. YOU should be thereto help guidethe crewleader. Explain whythe sameperson carries the sameitem(s) of crew gearon theentire trek Itemsarebetteraccounted forif oneperson is responsible fora specificobJect(s). Thecrewleadershould consider sizeandstrength of the campers as heIs making the assignments.On the trek,food should be re-distributed everymorning. so that everyone's packis getting lighteraftereverymeal. Remember to pack-out yourtrash. The selectedcrewleaderof the day should know who haswhichitems.TentstakesBackpacking stovesPhil-tents use 10 to 12:fly 6 to 8Philmont issuestheseor personalonesmaybe used. Be surethecrewknows howto operate themproperly. Consider teaching howtooperate different models. Whitegas Isalso available in BaseCamp andat back-OATC STAFFFIELDBOOK 48 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uu2 collapsiblewatercontainers1 Nylon dining fly w/poles1 Nylon tentwlpolesfor every 2 people1 set of nesting pots&2 pairof hot-pot tongsPlastic strainer and scraperScrub padsAII·Purpose paper(AP)Small shovel8 trashbags150'of 1/4- Nylon rope2 bearbags minimumDishwashing soapcountry commissaries. Forconvenience.place a lighterin eachstove bag.TheOATrailCrew hastheirownstoveswhich will be shared among the rotations.2.5gallons each strongly recommended.To store crewgearunder, shelter ininclement weather. It is sufficient tocarry onlythree of the fourpolesections.Waterproof shelter. Twoor three persontentsrecommended. larger tentsarebulky andcantearInthewind.Used for cooking. At leastthree potswithtops, cutlery kit, onefry pan. andtwometal spoons arerecommended.Usein place of hot handles.Forcleanup of leftover food.Fortough clean up.About oneroll is used for each day.Metal shovel far betterthanplastic.Forall trash.Forhanging thebearbagsat nightandwhenever campis unattended.To holdfood andpersonal smellabiesForclean-up. biodegradable.wwwwWUWaterpurification chemicalESSENTIAL. Treatthe water, even ifthecrewhasa pump. Chemicalshould be taken in casepump fails.Prevention is the bestmedicine.Packing -Everything should be rolled andpacked snugly. Useplasticbagsor stuffsacks tokeepclothing dry andorganized. Everything should go inside the pack. Nothingshould be outside of the pack.1.Compass, knife, matches. lip balm andbandanna allgo inpockets or clothing onperson.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 49 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

2. Side pockets of pack hold convenience items: AP paper, camera, flashlight,personal first-aid kit, canteen, smellables, and raingear.3. Smellables should be keptin onesmall bagso theywill notbe forgotten.4. Map pocket or pack frame holds map.External Frames -1. Upper compartment (or strapped ontop)holdsbulkyitems: tent, dining fly,food,cookware, andwater.2. Lower compartment holdslight items suchas clothing.3. Tightly strapped on the bottom or top of the pack is the sleeping bag in adurablelwaterproof stuffsack.4. External frames should be packed withtheweighton thetop.Internal Frames-1. Heavy itemsare packed In thecenter of the pack,closeto the back.2. Lighter itemsare packed nearthetop andbottom of the pack.3. Sleeping bag should fit In lower compartment of pack. Weight distribution iscritical for comfortable hiking.4. Internal frames should be packed withtheweight distributed along the back.SETTING UP CAMPIngeneral, thinkinalow-impact mentality. Trytobequiet, courteous andthoughtfulof others. Think about others andaboutthe wilderness. Support the WildernessPledge, Outdoor Code, and BSAwilderness ethics and ideals. However, lowimpactcamping should never supersede safety.This is an excellent timeto teach creatively. For example, discuss the BearmudaTriangle. Talk aboutthe uses for the fire ring, sump, and bear cable. All threelandmarks make a triangle. Inside the triangle you want to concentrate yoursmellables. Therefore, youwant to sleepoutside of the triangle to avoid potentialanimal dangerlikebears. Inside thetriangle is known as the"Bearnluda Triangle."This method makes it fun andeasyto remember.During campsite setup, thefollowing themes emerge: teamwork (take care of crewitems before personal items), Impact (low impact camping), and judgement (inwisely making choices). .OATe STAFFFIELDBOOK 50 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuuuuuuUI....JUUUUUUUUuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuA Good Campsite ­1. Find a camp.a. Be certain that youare at a staffed camp or trailcamp, depending on yourpre-planned itinerary. Always follow youritinerary!b. If at a staffcamp, the staffwill probably show youto yoursite.1. Always respect Backcountry staff. Donotusetheirstafflatrines, entertheirporch. or usea campsite without asking first. Thecamp istheirsummer home, andparticipants need to treatit as such.c. If at a trail camp, sometimes a mapof thecamp is posted wherever thetrailenters camp.2. Identify sites.a. Each Philmont sitehasa fireringanda number on a tree. Most alsohavea sump.b. Bearcables andlatrines areshared among sitesin the camp.3. Choose thebestsite.a. Look for the lessused sites1.Thiswill helpto distribute wearevenly, thusminimizing impact.2. Often thelessused. harder to findsitesare nicer.b. Easy access sitesshould be leftfor late-arriving crews.1.These are often mostused sites.2. ThisIsalsoa courtesy for crews arriving nearor afterdark.c. Look for your"Five W's":1. Water: Check for signs of pastflooding. Also, It is nice to be nearawatersource.2. Widow Makers: Lookfor dead trees or limbs thatmayfall in a storm.3. Wind: Evaluate the sitewithregards to wind.4. Wildlife: Evaluate the site with regards to wildlife. For example:proximity to bearcables, potential deerpaths, andant hills.5. Wear: Evaluate howworn the siteis (asdiscussed above).Campsite Setup -1. Drop packs. (A pack lineIs notnecessary Inthecampsite)a. Change shoes if desired.b. Remove allcrewgearandall smellables from allpacks. Crew gearneeds tobe centralized so that everyone has equal access to it. It Is usually putunder the fly. Smellables are removed so that no animal approachesunmonltored packs. All smellables are put In one location to be easilywatched: under thefly.2. Pitching thefly.a. Thefly needs to beput upfirst. as it is a qUick shelter.b. Locate it 15- 20 feetfrom thefire ring, if planning on using fire.c. Once again. consider 5 Ws:1. Wind: Point one corner into the wind to allow some wind to passthrough while keeping mostrainout. Ifwind cannotbedetected.survey localterrain to predict winds (blows along canyons).2. Pitch fly in or nearto the bearmuda triangle, to concentrate smells.3. Wear: Although some bearmuda triangles will dictate oneplace to setup the fly. reconsider the location (or the site) if the ground isseverely Impacted from previous uses. Useyourjudgement.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 51 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

d. Use a small stick to secure the ridgeline to the tarp, using a lark's head.Both ridge lineandtarpshould betaut. The stick is to prevent damage tothe fly in strong winds: the stickwill break, notthefly.e. Usea clove hitchon top of the poles.1. Threepole sections are sufficient: less weight, lowertarp profile(lessvisual impact), less chance for tarpto blowdown.f. Usetaut linehitches to stake guy lines.1. Lace cord along the sidegrommets and secure the corners first, thenthe middle.2. Guylinesshould come off of nylon at 45°, andstakes should be putInground at 45°. Push and twist stakes, never step on them orpound them (theywill bend). Usethe "eye to the sky" method.3. Avoid tying guylinesto treesas it causes unnecessary impact.3. Pitching the tents.a. Consider the 5 Ws: same considerations as pitching the fly, except:1. Wildlife: Camp welloutside the BearmudaTrlangle.2. Wear:Avoid sleeping in fragilemeadows. Utilize Impacted areas. butavoid heavily impacted areas(aswiththefly).3. Face a backcomerIntothe wind.b. Check ground for rocks, twigs, etc. Avoid moving too muchnatural debristo minimize impact.c. Rain flies should not touch the tent itself.d. Groundcloth: Putgroundcloth undertent, completely folding excess edgesundertent. If twogroundcloths areavailable, putthesecond Inside to linethetent. A groundcloth outside thetentprotects thetentanddiscourageswaterentry, whileinside it guarantees nowaterentry.e. Scatterthetentsin camp; clustered tentscould trapanimals.f. DO NOTDIG DITCHES AROUND TENTS (high impact).g. Do not unroll sleeping bags untilbedtime; theywill staydry If tentleaks.h. Leave packs outside of andawayfromthe tents, astheymayhavea slightodorfrom carrying food. Coverthemwith raincovers.1111111111111111OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 52 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuu'-'uu'-'uuuuu'-''-'uuuuuuuwuuuuIN-CAMP SKILLSWater-1. Seediscussion onwater below (under Hiking).2. Do notusemore than is needed, especially in showers.Cooklng-1. Stoves: Always refillstoves to the top before using, fill well away from lightingarea, never fill a hot stove, andnever overfill.2. Sterilize Dishes Anytime that dishes are used. they should go through thefullcleaning process. Thecleaning process starts before the meal.a. Bring a big pot of waterto a boll and dunk all personal dishes and crewutensils Into It for at least30 seconds. Watermustbe boiling the entiretime. This disinfects anycontamination from being in a pack, andmakesdishes as sterile as possible. Failure to sterilize properly can leadto avariety of health problems.b. Usethedunking waterfor cooking. Afterbolling, thewater Is pureenoughto cookwith.3. FoodHandlinga. Cooks must wash hands thoroughly withsoap.b. To maintain sanitation, keep food off the ground. Layout bearbags andhandle all food overthem Incaseof accidental spills.c. Designate the cooking area. Cooks are theonly people allowed nearthestoves when the food is cooking. This keeps potsfrom being knockedover.d. Leave the comerhanging when opening food packaging. This results in"onepiecetrash·andminimizes chances of small trash blowing away.e. Utilize the largeclear plastic bags which the meals come in. Open themfrom theair holes sothattheycanbe used as bags.f. Shake packets containing powder wellbefore opening to prevent small foodparticles from blowing around.4. Make sureeveryone haswashed theirhands. saygrace (Philmont Grace workswell), andserve food.5. Meal cleanup should startImmediately afterserving. Startboiling water halfwaythrough cooking dinnerfor maximum timeefficiency.6. HELPFUL HINTS:• Always holdthe pots withhot-pot tongs or a bandanna when stirring.• Read directions twice.• Cover potswhen boiling water; saves fuel.• Onlystartstove when thewater Is measured; saves fuel.• Start with less water than thedirections callfor. youcan always addmore asyou cook.• Serve thefood overthe pots to keep spills offof theground.• To begin the cooking process, firstpriority Isstarting water, since thewatertakes themosttime. Afterwards, food can be arranged.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 53 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

• Cook less,ratherthan more food. in order to prevent force feeding.• Wipedishes clean before sterilizing to avoid excessive grit in water.• Throw manydishes into potat oncewhen sterilizing.• To savetime. startwater boiling for cleanup even before dinnerIsserved.• Most traildinners canbeeaten from thebag. Justopena small corner. pourboiling water in, andlet sit. Thiseliminates much cleanup.• It is important to focus on efficiency when cooking. Meal preparation andcleanup can otherwise take a significant amount of time. and there aremuch betterthings to be doing at Philmont.Cleanup Procedures -Cooking andcleanup should bedonebythesame persons at anygiven meal. Thiswill force the cooks to be neater. andwill result In lesscleaning.1. Preparation.a. Starta bigpotofwateron thestove. sothatit will befullof boiling waterjustas the dishes are ready.b. EATEVERYTHING. Uneaten foodmustbe packed outin a plasticbag.Eatit or carryit. Haveeveryone helpInfinishing food. However, do notforcefeed. as It is considered hazing.c. Each person scrapes andwipes their personal gear as cleanas possible.Usescrub padsto remove hardened food. Scraped food andpapermustall be packed out.d. Afterthe cooking potis scraped clean, fill withhalfof the boiling waterfromtheotherpotandcoolto comfortable temperature withpurified water. Adda couple drops of soap.e.Thefirstpotshould remain onthelighted stove. andneeds to remain boilingthroughout dishcleaning.2. Washing and Drying.a. Cut up scrub pad intosmaller pieces to makeit last longer.b. Washdishes in warm potwith scrub pad,sterilize in boiling pot.c. Oneefficient method Isto haveeveryone wash andrinse theirown personalgear. Afterpersonal gearIswashed. cleanup crewwashes allcrewgear.d. Thewash pot should be scrubbed outlast,andthewaste waterpoured Intothe sump. through the sump frisbee. Rinse withthe hotwater.e. All solidwaste mustbe packed In a sump bagandcarried withthe trash.3. Sump Procedures.a. Make sure campers know what a sump is. Sumps are a concentratedImpact. concentrated smell method of disposing waste WATER. Nofood.Toothpaste Is allowed. and should be put In sump before dishwater ispoured In, to allowwater to rinsesump. ,b. To avoid any food from entering sump, use sump frisbee on top of thescreen. The onlytimethat the sump can be used without the frisbee iswith non-food water. Thoroughly clean the screen afterwards. DONOTFORGET TOPUTSUMP BAG INTHE BEAR BAGSc. Leave thedishes bythesump toair dryovernight. Place them ona nunusedbearbagor trash bagto keepclean.4. Finishing upa. Everyone pollees areaforsmellables. uneaten food. andunwashed dishes.OATC STAFFFIELDBOOK 54 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuub.Alltrash goesintoa trash bagtobecarried out. Trash goes inthebearbags.c. Store stoves andfuel under thedining fly.d. Donotusesump frisbee asa realfrisbee because food particles willscatteraround campsite.5. Be sureto sterilize all dishes before using them at every.Dutch Oven Cooking -Enhance camping skills by cooking with a Dutch Oven. This is a simple anddelicious skillthathopefUlly participants willbring back totheirtroops. Dutch Ovenswill be used to prepare dishes for theclosing banquets.1. Cooking In a Dutch Ovena. Usecoals, notashes. Replace coals when theybumout.b. Preheat oven before cooking.c. Do not remove the lid toooften.d. Forbaking, there should be heaton top and underneath oven.e. Linethe Dutch oven withaluminum foil to ease cleanup.2. Cleaning the Dutch Ovena. Eatit clean. Scrape outandsump baganyfood left.b. Do notusea green scrubby, rather a pinecone or stick.c. Fill 1/3 full of water.d. Bollwater for 5-10plusminutes.e. Sump cleaning water.f. If tough to getout,consider bumlng outexcess.g. Never pourcoldwater directly Intoa hotoven for fearof cracking It.h. Oven should air dry,or re-heat It Inthe fire.I. Grease the entire inside lightly, butthoroughly. Remove excess oil.Flre-1. Fires are highimpact andso theiruseshould be minimized.2. Considerationsa. Onlyuseestablished fire rings.b. Keep fires small.c. Useonlydowned wood.d. Do notbumtrash, notall will bum.e. Never leavea fireunattended.f. Make sureto putthefire out completely.g. Useonlywood thatIssmall, liketwigs. larger wood haslessof a chance ofburning completely to ash (Which Is necessary). Also, larger woodprovides home to more fauna.3. Cleanupa. Make surefireIsdead out. Coals should becoldenough to tOUCh.b. Break down charcoal Intoashwithhands, a rock, or a stiCk.c. Scatter (don'tdump) ash 5-10minute walkfrom camp.d. Do notleavea wood pileto encourage fires for later crews. Displace anyexisting woodpiles.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 55 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Sanitation -1. Using the "washroom"a. Urine: Do notuselatrines. Urine inhibits breakdown of solidwastes. Usealargerockin orderto concentrate saltsfor animals. Go welloff thetrail,andat least200feetfrom watersources.b. Solid wastes: Uselatrines when youcan. Use a stickto clearoutopeningbefore use to prevent Insect bites. Do not deposit any other materialbesides toiletpaper. Close lidwhen done. Inabsence of latrine. gofarofftrailandat least200feetfrom water. diga "cathole" Inthesoli6-8 inchesdeep, bUry waste andAP(use aslittleAPas possible). Foranysituations,minimize Impact by using natural toiletpaper. If desired.2. BathingA scoutis clean. Lowimpact backcountry bathing consists of using minimalwater to wash critical areas: thoseparts of the bodywhere skintouches skin.Washnextto sumpand deposit waste waterthere. Mlmlmlze usage of soap.Do notuse soap afterthe earlyafternoon to avoid lingering scents.3. Clothes washingSimilar to bathing. washnextto sump withminimal water andsoap. If desired.heatwateron stove for cleaning.Garbage-During the trail building portion. trash should be stored in trash bags, hanging Inbearbagsoutside of the bearboxes. It will becollected Inthe middle of theweekand at the end. During the trek, all trash needs to be carried until the nextcommissary. Staffcamps arenot obligated to take trash. but usually do if asked.and if the trash is compact enough. Trash compaction Is key during both theworkslte andthe trek. As one creates trash. it should be compacted to minimizespace.Bear Boxes-Large metalboxes willbe provided attheworksite to storefoodin. Oneboxshouldhave perishables, and the other should havedry or canned goods. Perishablesshould be placed in provided coolers in the bottom center of the bearbox. Twoconsiderations are imperative:nn1. Keep thebearboxclean andsanitary. Daily checkfor anyold food andquicklydean up anyspills. All trash should be hung outside of the bearboxes.2.Watch forfoodwastage. Ifyoususpect thatyouhavetoomuchofsomething, getthismessage backto Base Camp promptly (eithertell OAleadership or senda notewitha visitor). Eatall perishables before theygo bad. Since the bearboxes can getwarm. perishables needto be consumed In a couple days.Bear Bags­1. Smellables:Smellable itemsneedto be suspended in the bearbags. Smellables includefood. garbage. toiletries. firstaid.film(if notin camera) andclothes anddirtthatcaught spilled food. Gas. lighters. andiodine arenotsmellable. Important firstaidmaterials canbe hung in a separate smaller bearbag nearcamp.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 56 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

wuwuuuwuU'...JUUUUuuPotentially urgent medication can be kept in a boot in thetent, andcovered with asock.2. Hanging bags:a. Always do a final check for smellables before hanging. Lip balm is acommonly forgotten Item. If anyItem Is forgotten, bags must come backdown.b. Throw bearbag ropes during dayfor easier throwing. Move ropes towardsides to makefor easier throwing for latercrews.c. Donotuserocks or otherweights to throw therope. Theweight of theropeshould be sufficient.d. Climbing trees to suspend ropes is not allowed.e. If possible. eachlineshould betheonlylineon thetreeit Istiedto.f. Check bothlinesfor equal tautness aftertying.g. Well hung bagswill leadbears awayfrom camp andpeople.h. Donot stand under the bearbags when hanging them, they could fall.i. If using a bearbag chant, keepthe chant quiet if it is late. Also, be sure allchants arein good taste.Bears-1.Bears areattracted primarily to odors. andareharmless unless taught otherwise.Once a beargetssome human food, it IsInstantly conditioned andbecomes aproblem bear. If it again getshuman food, or continues to bother humans, thebearIsexported from thearea. Bears usually retum, at which pointtheyneedto be killed for human safety. -A fedbearIsa dead bear."2. Never provoke a bearto act aggressively. Do notthrow rocks. use flash bulbs,approach, or go close to a bear. A mother with cubs Is very protective andeasily provoked. Give them a wideberth.3. Never riskinjuryby attempting to save yourfood or gear. Both can be replacedif necessary.uuwwwwwwwW'-J4.Ifabearapproaches yourcampsite (50·100 yards away), make loudnoises, bangpots and pansto discourage it from coming closer. StayIn a group to looklarger. Leave packs onforthesame reason. Crouching down ortuming tothesidemakeonelooksmaller. Never looka bearInthe eyes.5. If a bearenters yourcampsite, gather yourcrew andqUickly leave thearea untilthebearis gone. Never runfroma bear. Back away cautiously.6. If youawaken witha bearcuriously examining you, do notplay dead anddonotstrike thebear. Talking witha calm tone ofvoice willletthebearknow youarealiveandwell. If the bearIs several feet away, youmaybeableto slipoutofyoursleeping bagandretreat. Running mayprovoke a bear. If possible. backaway slowly.7. Anytime you see a bear. be sureto fill out a -BearReport Form." These areavailable at all Backcountry camps. It is good to get an idea of as manycharacteristics of thebearas possible.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK57PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

OtherAnimals -1. Rodents and othersmall animalsa.Keep foodsupplies offoftheground andoutof packs. Rodents candamagepacks as quickly as bears. Squirrels (rodents commonly nicknamedAminibears") are ableto quickly damaging packs.b. Rodents carryrabies, plague and otherdiseases, leavethem alone. Thedeer mouse carries hantavirus, which is transmitted through its urine,feces. and saliva. Although treatable. it can and has been fatal. Avoidwoodpiles. dustycabins andotherpotentially hazardous situations.2. Livestock: Adomesticated A doesnot mean "tame." Do notbother the livestock.3. Insectsa. Select campsites awayfrom insect infestation, especially ant hills.b. Knowwhoin yourcrewis allergic to insect bites.c. Mosquitoes are prevalent in some areas. Pitch yourtentsin locations awayfrom standing waterandopento breezes.4. Snakesa. Steparound or away from logs.b. Do not panic. backsloWly in an encounter.c. SeeFirstAid section for treating bites.Avoid Accidents In Camp-1. Nevergo barefoot.2. Donotclimbtrees or rocks.3. Watch yourstepfor exposed rootsor animal burrows.Breaking Camp -1. In closing camp, different groups can be responsible for taking down thediningfly, coiling the bearrope. etc. each morning. Camp takedown should nottakemoretimethannecessary. Onegame to playIs·silentcampsite takedown."2. Be sureto takecare of the fire ring if it was used: scatter ashes well. Also, besure to check the sumpscreen for anyfood.3. Before leaving a campsite, lookforanysigns of human Impact. These cantakea fewdifferent forms.a.Garbage: besureto thoroughly checkfortrashanywhere thatyourcrewhasgone: nearbearcables. sump. tent area. and latrine. Onegame to playwiththecrewis tohidesome change in obscure places. andtomakesurethattheyare keen enough to find it.b. Personal items: Check everywhere for any personal itemsthat mayhavebeen leftbehind.c. Campsite rehabilitation: Areas that were used for the fly, tents, or sittingshould lookliketheywereneverused. Ifthegrass Isflattened it should befluffed backup(using hands). If rocks andtwigs weredisplaced fortents,replace the debris, including scattering pine needles. If an area looksespecially impacted, gather some largerocks andtwigs andplace them inthe center of the areato discourage Its use.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 58 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uuuuuuuHIKINGHitting theTrail -1. Make sureeveryone Isprepared to hikebefore starting.a. Ask·Is anyone not ready" andlistenfor anyresponses.b. Alternatively, have each person say part of a phrase. If the phrase iscomplete, the crewis ready.2. Keep thecrewtogether at all timeson thetrail.a. Follow yourItinerary· stayInthecamps youare scheduled.b. Youshould always be ableto seethe person in frontof you.c. Each person should tumaround from timetotimein casetheperson behindhimIs embarrassed to call·slowdown"d. DIVIDED CREWS GETLOST.3 Keeping thecrewtogether.Every crew hasa slowest person, andthecrewwill Inevitably startseparatingIn front of that person (unless he/she Is In the front). Although placing theslowest person Infront Isguaranteed to keep thecrewtogether, tact needs tobe used when rearranging the order. Being in front of the crew, however,provides a psychological boostandtheleadperson almost always hikes fasterthan normal.4. Spacinga. Keep some space between people, approximately 10 feetapart.b. Be sureto seescenery, notthe person In front of you.c. Safety: one person failing will notcause the"domino effect.·d. Trysome ·spacing games" when starting at theturnaround.e. Stress thatmuch timeonthetrekIsspent hiking andsoit should beenjoyedbylooking at thescenery (vs. the packand boots in front).ln frontof you.uu5. Restinga. Maintain a steady pace. Starting and stopping takes moreenergy. Anyreasonable pace, onceset, is maintainable. Thusstarting out at a goodpace Is easierthantrying to Increase the pace later.b. Rest stops should be oneof twoalternatives: shortfive minute breaks withpacks on allowoneto catch theirbreath. Sitting should not occur duringshort breaks. After aboutfive minutes, lactic acid starts to bUildUp Inmuscles, and needs to clearout. Thistakes about20minutes. Forthesebreaks, takepacks off andsit down.c. Uphill Rest Step: momentarily lockeachlegwitheachstep.6. FootProblems? Speak up!a. Take careof a hot spotbefore it becomes a blister.b. Fiveminutes today saves hours later.uuuuu7. Avoid night hiking, it Istoodangerous.8. Hiking Impacta. Stayon thetrail!OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 59 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

. Walking around mudl puddles erodes the sides of the trail. You havewaterproof boots, usethemlb. Do not cut switchbacks, this causes erosion.c. Donotdisturb artifacts (report them) orwildlife. Plants canonlyberemovedduring thecourse of authorized conservation work.d. Clean the trail as you go of any debris such as trash or downed trees.Report anytrail problems to the Conservation Department.9. Three typesof trail signs.a. Arrow on eitherend- go that way.b. Arrow on both ends- in a canyon or on a ridge.c. No arrows - youarethere.d. Don'ttouch thetrail signs. Saltfrom yourhands will ruboff onthesigns andattractanimals.e. Neverblindly trustthe trailsigns. ALWAYS CHECK YOUR MAPSl10.WaterDrinklargeamounts of water. Follow theclearandcopious rule. Dehydrationresults Infatigue. Whenhiking, drinkat leastone quartevery hour, or better,at leastone-fourth of a quartevery fifteen minutes. Encourage drinking waterat everyrest break.11. Hiking motivationIt iseasyforhikers to getdiscouraged mentally, which leadsto physical fatigueand decreased performance. Keepyourspiritshighand constantly motivateyourcrew. Onetechnique to keepa crewmoving Is thecaterpiller: aftera setnumber of steps, thefirst person Inlinepullsto the sideandwalts to get backin at the end of the line. Thisnot onlyallows rest breaks, It creates constantopportunities for the crew to be Interacting and motivating each other.Sometimes If hiking has slowed, a littlebit of foodmayalsodo thetrick.12.Courtesy on the trail.a. Crews hiking uphillhave the right of way sinceIt Is harder to regain uphillmomentum.b. Vehicles, horses, and burros havethe rightof way.1. Thewhole crewgetsoff the trail on the sameside.2. Forvehicles, get onthe driver's sidefor bettervisibility.3 For animals, get on the downhill side of the trail.The animals are lesslikelyto spook if youare belowthem.Packs On-1. Oneperson, twosteps:a. Liftpackandrestit on yourthigh.b. Stickone armthrough theshoulder strap, then holdthe bottom of the packwiththe first armwhile youput on the otherstrap.rr.nn2. Twopeople.a. Have a buddy holdyourpack while youput it on.b. Then, youholdyourbUddy's pack.c. Emphasize teamwork: having a buddyhelpyouIs saferandeasier.OATCSTAFF FIELDBOOK 60 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu3. Hip beltshould be snug...shoulder straps loose.a. Beltshould sit on thehip bones.b. Weight on hips: yourlegsare stronger thanyourshoulders.Map and Compass -1. Useteachable moments whenever possible. Be sure to teach the parts of thecompass, howto usea compass, mapsymbols, howto usea map, orientinga map. declination, shooting a bearing and triangulating. Besides moreexperienced staff, a source formore complete information onthese topics istheBoyScout Fleldbook.2. Sixmapcolors.a. Black - Man-made objects.b. Brown - Contour lines. Every fifthlineis bolder andhastheelevation onIt; these arecalled "Index contours"c. Blue - Water(Intermittent or othelWise)d. Red- Anything signifying CautionI or Attentionl; I.e.•boundaries andhighways.e. White· Vegetation underthree feettall orno vegetation.f. Green- Vegetation oversixfeettall. (Green dots: three to sixfeet.)3. Mapsymbol flash-cards.Past staffers will have a set that you can borrow to make your own duringtraining. These arehandy teaching materials.4. Declination.a. The map Is drawn to point at true north· the North Pole. The compasspoints to magnetic North - not exactly at the North Pole(nearBathurst,Island In Canada, actually). Draw a linefrom both of those points to yourlocation. Theresulting angle Is defined as declination.b. Philmont declination is approximately ten degrees East. It slowly changesovertime.so be sureyou know thecurrent value.c. To compensate for declination:1. Tum thecompass housing so thatthe number 350Is aligned withthetravel or baseplatearrow (350 if the declination Is 10 degreesEast).2. Place thecompass onthemapandalign thesideofthebase plate withoneof the linesof longitude on the map.3. Turn the mapwith the compass stili aligned to the grid until the redmagnetic needle points to 'N' on thecompass housing.4. Thecompass willbepointing towards magnetic North, andthemapwillbe pointing at trueNorth (around 350degrees at Philmont).5. Otherways to orientthe map.a. line up thecontour lineson themapwithsurrounding landmarks.b. Usethesunto approximate direction.c. Remember. using a compass setfordeclination Isthemost accurate waytoorient the map.6. Shooting bearings & triangulation.a.Takethecompass andpointthetravel arrow toward some distinct landmark.DATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 61 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

. Turnthe housing until the red magnetic needle is pointing to the 'N' on thecompass housing. Use two people for accurate bearings. One personpoints the travel arrow toward the landmark, while the other turns thehousing.c. Oncethe housing has beenturned correctly, the number on the compasshousing thatlinesupwiththetravel arrowis the bearing of thatlandmark.d. Place onecomerofthecompass baseplateontothelandmark's position onthe map (make sure that the map has been previously oriented for truenorth).e. Keeping the corner on that position, rotate the compass (NOTTHE MAP)untilthe magnetic redneedle points to 'N' on thecompass housing.f. Draw a line from the landmark alongthe sideof compass and continue onwitha straight-edge of somekind.Yourposition is some where along thisline.g. If the linecrosses thetrail you areon,you areprobably at thatpointon thetrail.h. If you are not on a trail and wish to further refine your position, shoottwomore bearings in different directions. The resulting lines will form atriangle. Youare Inthattriangle.I. NOTE: Oncea maphas beenoriented to compensate for declination, youcan use magnetic bearings to find your position without adding orSUbtracting the declination again.7. Choosing the righttrailusing yourcompass: If youcome to a forkInthetrail andcannot determine which trailto take:a. Orient yourmapfor declination.b. Place your compass on the map with the travel arrowpointing along thedirection of the trailon the mapyouwishto take.c. Rotate the compass housing until the red needle points to 'N' on thecompass housing.d. Takethecompass off of the mapandpointit down thetwotrails atthefork.e. Which trail has the same (or closest) bearing as the one on the map? Inotherwords, when you pointthe compass downthe trail,which one hasthe magnetic red needle closestto 'N'? ThatIs the trail youwantto take,but take another reading a shortdistance along the new trail to confirmyourchoice.Water-Water is a precious commodity at Philmont - conservation Is a must! It Is theForeman's responsibility to getconservation methods across. StartbyIntroducinghydration when youfirstmeetthe participants.1. Purify water to kill off salmonella. typhoid, hepatitis, dysentery, cholera, andGiardia. Carry chemical purifier at all times. Pumps mayJam, maynotfilterallbacterialvlrus - carrychemical as a backup.2. Giardia. a protozoa, Is the primary worry. Giardia Is transmitted through theintestines of warm blooded animals (e.g. cows, beavers. humans). Therefore,do not use the washroom near any water sources. Giardia manifests Itselfthrough diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea. Symptoms mayappearImmediatelyor within a fewweeks.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 62 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuuuuuuuuUUu3. Keep purified and unpurified waterseparate. A bandana can be tied to onetodistinguish the two.4. Almost all staffed camps have purified water. It does not hurt to ask, assometimes theirpurification system is malfunctioning.5. Check WaterConditions board In logistics for updated conditions.6. If youmustget waterfrom theCimarron River, double purify.7. Purify as soonas possible, do notwaltuntilwater Isneeded.8. Conserve water. especially In showers.9. Waterpurification: Bringing waterto a boll(regardless of altitude) will disinfectwater(make safefordrinking). Boiling fora long timewillsterilize water, whichIs unnecessary. However, boiling takes fuel, sowe useIodine.10.Know howto usetheIodine system. andthe proper times needed forpurification andfor disinfection.11.Tactics for avoiding "floatles";a. Pointthe mouth of thewaterbottle downstream.b. Puta bandana overthe mouth.c. Letwater settle In a pot overnight.Enjoy Itl-1. A lot of the scenery Is on thetrail.notIn camp. Teach participants the value ofenjoying hiking by spreading out.2. A qUiet crewseesmorewildlife.3. Leave campearly- avoid afternoon heatandrainandgetto camp for program.UW4. Be careful aboutoverheating; remember: steady pace. reststops, drinkmoderate amounts of water, replenish fluids at camp.WOATC STAFF FIElDBOOK 63 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

SPECIAL AND DANGEROUSCAMPING SITUATIONSRain On The Trail-1. Leave more space between hikers on slippery trails.2. Avoid ridges and exposed geographical features. as this presents a lightningdanger.3. Puton ralngear when it starts. take it off when it stops.a. Sounds obvious. but ralngear causes youto sweat andheatup. OnlywearIt when youneedto.Rainy Weather -1. Donot makeditches around tents.2. Keep crewgearunder the dining fly.3. Besureto cookdinner.a. Keeps morale high.b. Gives people calories to keepwarm.4. Keep sleeping bagsdry,do not unrollbefore bedtime.5. Dryemergency wood canbe found underlogsandrocks.6. Keep people dryandwarm to avoid hypothermia.7. Drypersonal gearin the sunandWind. or by wearing It.Stream Crossing -1.Always wearboots.2. Unbuckle thehlpstrapin caseyouneed tochuck yourpackto avoid being pulledunderbythe current.3. Never aUempt to cross a stream that is overknee deep. Turn backand find analternative route or staffed camp.4. Beware of crossing single orweaklogs,especially ones perched highabove thestream.5. If youcrosson rocks. stepon thecenterof large, dry rocks.6. Haveone person cross at a timeso others can helpof needed.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 64 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uuwuuuuwuuuwwuuuuwuuuuuuuuDanger On The Trail -1. Step overor around obstacles.2. Do notthrow rocks or roll boulders.3. Stayout of abandoned mine shafts.4. Do not climb rocks or trees.DryCamps-1. Conserve water, avoid fire.2. If closeto water(within a mile), waituntilyouareIn camp to getcrewwater.3. If wateris a longway off, send a group to fill all empty containers. Be sure todrinkas much wateras possible at thelastwater source on the trail.4. Rearrange menu: eatadinnerneara water source (likea staffed camp), andeata lunch for dinnerIncamp.Lightning -1. Avoid tall trees, wirefences, exposed mountains tops, cliffs, andoverhangs.2. If on a ridge or peak, head straight down the leeward sideof the approachingstorm to some sortof cover.3. If in a meadow·LEAVE FAST. GetIntosome uniformly sized trees, spread outatleast100feetapart, andgetInto the"lightning position· (squatting), or kneel ona pad, withyourfeetclose together In orderto have minimal contact withtheground.4. If hiking in the rain, spread out along the trail and keep moving. If heading tohigherground orIflightning becomes severe, spread outinthewoods nearthetrail.5. NEVER TAKE CHANCES. Never begin an ascent Inthefaceof a thunderstorm.Getoff highpeaks before noon, afternoon thunderstorms arefrequent.Hall-1.Head fora stand ofevenly sized trees. Hailmaybelarge enough to rippacks andralngear.2. Dining fly or tentsmayalsoofferprotection.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 65 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Floodlng-1.Beaware of thestream levels, especially Incanyons or afterseveral daysof rain.2. Ifanareaisflooding, headforhigherground IMMEDIATELY. Takeonlyasmuchequipment asis safelypossible.Flre-1. exercise greatcarewithall fire.2. Campers do notfightfires.3. Keep campfires small-only largeenough to do thejob.4. Never leavea campfire unattended for anyreason.5. Smoking Isdiscouraged everywhere.a. Nosmoking on thetallb. Smoke In camp onlyat the fire ring.c. No participants areallowed to smoke.6. Report all forest firesto the nearest staffed camp.7. If a fire Is coming yourway, headperpendicular to Its movement andtry to getback around Into the bumed area. Report to the nearest staff campimmediately.Lost-1. If lost,do notmove. Staycalmandget comfortable. Search andrescue teamswillbetrying tofindyou. Usea whistle, signaling mirror, ormakefiresto attractattention.OATC STAFF FIELOBOOK 66 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uUi...Ji...JUWUi...JuuwwuuuFIRST AID & EMERGENCY PROCEDURESSince you, asa Foreman, willbewiththeparticipants mostofthetime, notallofthefirst aid Information In this section needs to be taught. There is a lot of material.However, teach theessential material outlined ontheadvisor check-list andassessthe knowledge base of the crew. If they are ready to learn more In-depthInformation, encourage them to learn more.Revise yourstyleof teaching firstaidevery nowand then. First-aid charades orthematching game are twoways of making learning fun. As youdevelop yourstyle,youcan stretch yourdepth andknowledge.Without scaring theparticipants, ItIsImportanttomake them realize thatemergencysituations can and do occurat Philmont. They are In a situation unlike regularsociety, and their skills need to be developed accordingly. As withteaching anylesson, a "need to know" must first be established for learning to occur. Theparticipants mustrealize thattheyneed to know this material.As a note, first aid and CPR methods are not necessarily static. In otherwords,sometimes suggested methods change. During stafftraining you willbetrained InfirstaidandCPR, Including anyrecent changes totechniques. Please consult otherfirstaid resources in addition to this book. as this bookIs notcomprehensive.EMERGENCY PROCEDURESTimeConsiderations: Most Philmont participants come from areas thathave 911seNice. Thisnetwork is designed to bring III andInjured subjects Intohospitalemergency rooms In less than thirty minutes. Because of the size andremoteness of Philmont andItstrails, safeevacuation ofanIII orInjured SUbjectcan take several hours. Noting this may help participants realize theImportance of prevention.Evacuation: Preparing a subject for transport can easily cause further Illness orInjury if notdonecorrectly. Forthisreason, evacuation should always waltuntila medic arrives with proper gear or the PHILSAR (Philmont Search andRescue) team comes witha litter.Sending A MessageFor Help: Specific Information must be provided to Logisticsand to the Health Lodge when reporting an emergency. The followingquestions needto bewritten onthebackof yourmap. Inanemergency, allofthesequestions need tohavecorresponding details written down. onthesamemap. Writedown allanswers before going forhelpatthenearest staffed camp.• Subject's name.• expedition number.• Exact location - markthe location onthe mapwithanX anddescribe itIn detail on thebackof the map. Use gridcoordinates.• TIme of Incident - how long the condition has persisted and whetherthere areInteNals of occurrence.• Exactly whathappened, takevitals.a. Pulseb. RespirationOATC STAFF FIElDBOOK 67 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

• Whatis wrong? (BeSpecific): Airway, Breathing, Circulation• Treatment so far?a. Drugs takenb. Shotsadministered• Anyotherinformation thatmaybe pertinent.GoForHelp:Writedown theInformation above onthebackof a map. Fourpeoplearerequired to go for helpat a staffcamp. If onegetshurt,onecanstaywithhimandtheothertwogoon. It is Important thattheForeman teaches hiscrewwellin mapandcompass, this maybe thefirst timetheyreally need the skill.Scouts going for help should be In good physical condition, have map andcompass, water, ralngear, and perhaps a flashlight. A small amount of quickenergy food mayalsohelp. Above all, Scouts andtheForeman should remaincalm andthinkcompletely through each situation. Common sense is thebestguide to emergency situations. Howa crew dealswithan emergency maybethe truesttest of your skills as an outdoor educator. Meetthe challenge bymaking sure every participant knows howto findthe nearest staffed camponevery dayof theirtrek.SecuringTheScene:Remember to secure everyone's safety before attempting toprovide FirstAid. Panic reactions can,andoften do leadto a more dangeroussituation. Takea deepbreath andbe calm. Remember theABC'sof firstald.Inanemergency, it is always bestto gothrough theABC's firstwhile providingfirst ald. Following theABC's Is systematic andreduces panic.SceneSafe: Isthere stilldanger to rescuers and/or sUbject(s)? Ughtnlng danger?Fire danger? Bear danger? Number in crew: Is there anyone missing?People are either part of the problem or part of the solution. How manysubjects arethere?Airway: Whatmightbe blocking the airway? Asthma? An allergy (Bee stings orfoodreactions canclosetheairways.)? Food? Head position?Breathing: look, listen, and Feelfor breathing. Lookat the chestto see If It Isrising andfalling. Listen, earto mouth, forbreath sounds. Feelwithyourcheekto know If the subject Is exhaling. Do not worry aboutanyotherfirst aid untilyouknow there Is breathing.Circulation: 1)lsthere a pulse? 2) Istherebleeding? FOREMENI Have everyonein your crewfind a partner's carotid (neck) pulsel Index and middle fingersonly. Thethumb hasa pulseof its own. Bleeding: directpressure, elevation,pressure points, lighttourniquet (lastresort).Disability: Isthere a neckorbackinjury? Ifyoususpect a neckorbackInJury, DONOTMOVE THESUBJECTI Theonlytimeyoushould movea head or neck,when you suspect a neck injury, Is to opena closed airway. Now, use yourImagination. Whatcouldbewrong? Usetheclues. Themethod of injurywillgiveyoutremendous amounts ofImportant information. Whathappened? Howmuch? Howfar? Old theyfall? Old theyhit things on thewaydown? Writethis information on the mapthatgoesto the staffed camp.DATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 68 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uuuuuuu~uuuuuuu~~uuuuuuShock: Treat all injured! ill people for shock, because bystanders aresusceptibleto shock, andshock cankill. 1) Iftheface is pale, raise thetail(Raise feet12­18inches.) 2) If thefaceis red, raise thehead (Raise thehead andshoulders12-18 Inches.) These rules manage all of theninetypes of shock. Alsomakesure the person is calm, relaxed andcomfortable.CPRStopped Breathing:Todetermine Ifa person Isbreathing, lookfortheriseand fallof theirchest, and then listen withan earto the subject's mouth and nose forIndications of breathing. If breathing Is stopped, an Important factor for asuccessful resuscitation IstheImmediate opening of the airway. Thismaybeaccomplished by tilting the sUbject's headbackby placing one hand on thesUbject's forehead and applying a firm backwards pressure withthe palm ofyour hand. Also, placethe fingers of your hand underthe bony part of thelowerjaw nearthe chinand11ft to bring the chinforward andtheteeth almostshut. If a neck Injury Is suspected, use the chin-lift without the head-tilttechnique.Airway Obstruction: An obstruction Ispresent if there Is resistance to airflow anda failure of the chest to raise during an attempt to administer artificialrespiration. Signs of the presence of obstruction alsoInciude bUlging of theeyes, bluish colorof the skin, anddifficulty speaking.To open an airway a combination of manual abdominal thrusts and/or a fingerprobe forforeign objects in the mouth maybe used. If a foreign bodyIsseenIn the mouth, attempt to remove it with your fingers. If it cannot be seen,manual abdominal thrusts may expel or dislodge the object so It can beremoved withfingers. After6-10thrusts, reposition the head andattempt toventilate the patient. If noair enters, repeat thrusting.Reviving Breathing: If the subject does not promptly resume adequate,spontaneous breathing aftertheairway Isopened, artificial respiration mustbeInitiated. Usethe chin-lift, head-tilt technique of placing onehand under theperson's chin and lifting while resting the other hand on the forehead andpinching the nostrils. Takea deep breath, thenopenyourmouth andplace itfirmly on the subject's mouth. Administer two initial breaths of 1 to 1 112seconds each. Make sure thatbreath goesIn-otherwise readjust head. Takea breath aftereach ventilation. Afterdelivering these breaths, check thecarotid(neck) pulse. Ifa pulse Ispresent, butthesubject Isnotbreathing ontheirown,onedeep breath should be given every 5 seconds, or 12breaths per minute.Remove your mouth between breaths so the person can exhale. Adequatebreathing Is monitored on every breath bywatching for the riseandfall of theperson's chest.Mouth·to-nose ventilation maybeused if the person hasfacial Injuries, with asmall child, orIfa good sealcannot beformed around themouth. Inthemouthto-nosemethod. tiltthehead back withonehand on theforehead andwiththeotherhand 11ft thejaw. Blow Intothe person's noseusing yourcheek to doseoff the mouth, or hold the mouth closed with the hand that is not on thesubject's forehead.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 69 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Ifvomiting occurs, stopventilation andturntheperson's entire body totheside,cleaning the mouth of vomit. Rollthe person backon theirbackandresumeventilation. Vomiting mayoccurwhen air enters the stomach instead of thelungs.Stopped Heart: Theabsence of the carotid pulseIn theneckIndicates a lack ofblood flowand no heartbeat. CPR should be administered If the rescuer issurethat no pulseexists.First, it is important to realize that there are many risks involved with theperformance of CPR. While complications may occurwith even the best ofperformances, careful attention to details of technique willminimize problems.Thefollowing is onlya rough andbriefoutline and mayserve as a reference.Proper training withcertified Instructors Is essential. CPR cannot be properlyself·taught. Nevertheless, In the absence of such training, the followingprovides useful general guidelines.Thesubject should beonafirmsurface. Kneel closeto thesideofthesubject,placing one handoverthe other, and on the lowerhalfof the sternum. Yourhand should be on the sternum andapproximately 2 inches above thexiphoidprocess. Pressure on the sternum compresses the heart against the spinalcolumn. forcing the blood outoftheheartandproviding circulation. Foradults,the depth of compression Is 1 1/2 to 2 inches. The compressions must beregular, smooth, and uninterrupted. Relaxation must Immediately followcompression andbeofequal duration (50% ofthecycle should becompressionand50% of the cycle should be relaxation). Forthe proper hand position. theheel of the hand must remain on contact with the sternum: however. allpressure should be released on the upstroke to allowmaximum refilling of theheart.In thesingle-person rescue. a 15:2ratiois performed (15compressions In 11to 12seconds andten2 quickventilation's In3 to 4 seconds). Theratefortheslngle- person rescue Is 80 perminute to allowtimefor theventilation.CPR should not be stopped for over5 seconds andshould becontinued untilthe subject is transferred to the careof trained medical personnel (thearrivalof the PHILSAR teamanddoctors.)Thecarotid pUlse should be checked for 5 seconds afterthefirstfive minutesof CPR. and every few minutes thereafter. ThisIsto review the effectivenessof CPRandto checkthe status oftheperson. If pulse Isabsent, resume CPRwith2 ventilations followed bycompressions.Once breathing hasbeen restored inanyresuscitation effort. placethesubjectIna comfortable position. usually on the sidewith head andshoulders slightlyelevated. Treatfor shock during and afterthe respiratory emergency.Remember, CPR Is not begun until it is ascertained that the victim does notshowevidence of breathing or havea pulse. Thesooner CPR is initiated. thegreater are the chances of survival andthe less the chance of brain damage.Many rescue attempts will be unsuccessful. but the alternative to not performCPR, when needed, Is certain death.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 70 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

CPR Checklist• Determine consciousness• Open airway (head-tilt) look, listen, feel• 2 fullventilations (make sure theygoIn)• Check carotid pulse• Apply 15compressions in 11-12 seconds• 2 full ventilations In 3-4 seconds• Repeat cycle fourtimes perminute at a 15:2 ratioAll other cases can walt for a few moments until proper treatment isdetermined. Whenever possible, wait for the arrival of a medic and thePHILSAR team. Moving an Injured person may cause further harm.Remember that any treatment you provide may cause further harm. Anytreatment youprovide mayhave to beundone atthehealth lodge atgreat painto the sUbJect.Always remember, yourattitude Isof the utmost Importance Indealing with asubject In a medical emergency. Your attitude will be transmitted to thesubject, andif positive, willserve torelieve theperson's anxieties. Relaxationofthevictim mayease respiration, slow anyserious bleeding, reduce pain, anddecrease the element of shock.FIRST AIDPrevention is thekeywith mostfirstaidsituations. Horseplay and dehydration aretwo of the largest causes of aliments at Philmont. Stress safety, hydration, andcommon sense with participants.General ConsiderationsHeatExposurePrevention: Drink plenty of fluids, use sunscreen, clothing and hat for sunprotection.Symptoms: Blisters/sunburn/chapped lips/dehydration/altitude sicknessheadache/nosebleedlheat exhaustionlheat stroke.Treatment: Water, restInshad, slower pace, lighter pack,balanced nutrition.ColdExposurePrevention: Dryclothing, no exposed skin.Hypothennla: mumble, fumble, stumble, tumble, coma.Othersigns: Immersion foot, Jock itch.Treatment: Dryclothing, hotcocoa, high calories.OrthopedicPrevention: Safety, reduced horseplay.InJuries: Burns/sprains/fractures/eyes/bites & stings/severe bleeding.Treatment: RICE (Rest, Ice,Compression, Elevation), moleskin.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 71 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

AbdominalPrevention: Drink plenty of fluids, balanced nutrition.Symptoms: Constipation/diarrhea/nausea/vomiting/gynecological.Treatment:Careful consideration.CardiorespiratoryPrevention: Crewawareness, education.Symptoms: Cardia' stroke' asthma' hyperventilation 'Insulin - shock' diabeticcoma' anaphylaxis'epilepsy.Treatment: Fast, correct. Send for help.BumsTreatment: Treata bum as a break in the effectiveness of skinto fight infection.Irrigate with cool water. If necessary Irrigate with fresh water followed byirrigating withpurified water. Treatforshock. CallHealth Lodge ifthebumIsontheface. if Itwill beunder pack straps. or If thereareanyotherconcerns. Withsecond degree burns donotpopblisters. Especially calltheHealth Lodge withthirddegree bums.BlistersSign/Symptoms:"HotSpots Aon feet. tenderness, localized pain.Prevention:Prevention isthebestmedicine. Place rounded moleskin ormole-foamon hot spots before they become blisters. Wear two pair of socks,polypropylene liners and wool outers are recommended. Replace and washsocks when they become wet or soiled, particularly liner socks. Remove allsocks anddrythem each night byplacing themInyoursleeping bagoveryourlegs. This technique allows your feet to dry out as well. Modify preventiontechniques If you wish, but continue using prevention techniques even afterblisters occur.Treatment: Place non-adhesive gauze or medical tape over the clean and dryblister. Doing soprevents theblisterfrombeing tomwhen themoleskin comesoff. Cut the moleskin or molefoam like a donutand center blister Inside thehole. Use tincture of benzene to help stick better, If you wish. Moleskin Ispreferred overmolefoam because it allows skinto breath. Adhesive tapemaybe usedto coverthe moleskin In difficult places. Puncture blister onlywhen itbecomes toolargeto effectively cover. Iftheblister mustbe popped, puncturefromthe bottom witha sterilized needle.SunburnSigns/Symptoms: Reddish skin, burns, blisters, swelling or puffiness ofextremities. fever.Prevention: Apply sunscreen in early morning for maximum prevention andminimum smellable risk Weara broad brimmed hat. Treatment: Cool theskin,cover exposed areas, treat bums and shock. Note: sumbum occurrs morereadily at higheraltitudes.Chapped LipsTreatment: Encourage the SUbject to consume plentyof liquids before the useoflip balms.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 72 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

wwwwwwwuwuwwuDehydrationSigns/Symptoms: Headache, fatigue, irritability, chenille creases, chapped lips,nosebleed, darkurine, nausea.Treatment: Drink as much water as you can,then 1/2quartevery halfhour.Altitude SicknessSigns/Symptoms: Headache, nausea, Insomnia, lossofappetite,lrritabillty, fatigue.Treatment: Reduced activity, rest, water, nutrition. Retreat to lower altitudes ifnecessary. Call Health Lodge if symptoms persist for more than 24 hours.Remember that altitude sickness can afflictseasoned athletes.HeadacheAlmost all headaches at Philmont result from dehydration. Give aspirin oribuprofen only after the subject is "Clear and Copious." Clearand copiousrefers to the urine: If well hydrated it should be clear and copious, both Inquantity andIn frequency.NosebleedDirect pressure, head forward, pinching nose of the bridge where the bonemeets the cartilage. Make sure the subject established "Clear and Copiousurination. Nosebleed Iscaused partially byhighelevation anddryatmosphere.HeatExhaustionSign/Symptoms:Cold, clammy skin, rapid pulse, fatigue, Irritability.Treatment:Waterwithvery dilutebeverage base. Beverage base should beusedonlyif ItIs Gatorade or some otherdrinkmix..Note: Heat eXhaustion, dehydration and altitude sickness all have similarsymptoms. It Is not entirely necessary to tell them apartsincethey all havemost of the same treatments: proper rest, hydration, and good food.Sometimes one participant will be slightly removed fromthe group, perhapsholding his or her stomach, perhaps not eating, and quiet. Watch for thisespecially during thefirst fewdays.HeatStrokeSign/Symptoms: Hot dry skin (stopped sweating), rapid and strong thenweakerpulse, lossof consciousness.Treatment: Seek helpfast. Immediate cooling of skinwithwater. Do not attemptto pourwaterintothe mouth of an unconscious SUbject as thismightclogtheairway. Do not place the SUbject In a creek, doing so risks shivering, themammalian response, andchance of shock.HypothermiaSigns/Symptoms: Shlverlng,loss of finemuscle control,lethargy. Ifthe sUbject(s)become Irrational or losesconsciousness, cardiac arrast are possible. If thesUbject(s) stops Shivering, becomes irrational orlosesconsciousness, alerttheHealth Lodge.Treatment: Make sure subject is warm and dry. Serve warm liquids. Often withhypothermia the causative conditions have· affected everyone (e.g. rain andcold), sotreatthe whole crew.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK73PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Immersion Foot (Trench Foot)Signs/Symptoms: Skin is wrinkled, pale, coldto touch.Treatment:Remove thesubject fromthe cold, wet setting andallowthefeetto dry(Inthe sunfor bestresults).Jock ItchSlgnslTreatment: Similarto athlete's foot,jock itch mayoccurunderhot or coldconditions. It is characterized by burning, Itching, or flaking skin In the groinarea.Treatment:Over-the-counter antifungal powders or creams designed for athlete'sfootare widely successful. Remember to use these powders before lunchastheyare smellables.OrthopedicSprains, Strains, Or FracturesSigns/Symptoms: Pain, tendemess, numbness, swelling,discoloration, deformity.Treatment: If, andonlyIf, muscle spasms setIn,Immobilize the 11mb by tyingIt toanotherpartofthebody. Donottransport or spOnt thesubject unless absolutelynecessary or if advised by healthlodge. Treatment for ankleInjuries: Do nottake off the boot or shoe unless the toes lose sensation. Havethe subjectcarefully try to walk. If the subject can welk, leave the boot on as a form ofcompression. Ifthesubject cannotwalk, treattheInjury asa fracture. Ifyouarenot surewhether or not the InjuryIs a fracture, suspect a fracture and treat itthatway.GeneralTreatment:(RICE) Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation. Ice is sometimesavailable In the form of hall. Plastic bags filled with hall have proven highlyeffective inreducing swelling. Whenwrapping theaffected area, startwrappingfromfurther outandwrapInwards.Severe BleedingTreatment: Direct pressure byanymeans. Padyourhand witha sterile compress,if available, a t-shirt, or yourbarehand....butstopthebleeding. Donotremoveblood soaked covers, rather pilethemon. Usea tourniquet onlyon a severed11mb. Usepressure points anda constriction bands when directpressure Is noteffective. Elevating the bleeding areaabove theheartIs alsoeffective.Eye InjuriesTreatment: Irrigate withcoolpUrified water. Do notrubor attempt to wipeeyes.Ifthe cornea or sclera Is punctured, do not remove theobject. Cover botheyes,leavesomeone withthe subject at all timesandcall health lodge.BitesAnd StingsWith any bite, try to Identify the animal as bestas possible. However, do notchaseor attempt to capture It as this will riskfurtherInjury.Rattlesnake: The bite may not appear as two fang marks. It may be a singlepuncture wound, bruise, or scratch. 85%to 90%of rattlesnake bites havenovenom. Treat for shock. If you do nothing else, this Is sufficient. A lymphconstrictor maybeplaces between thewound andtheheart. It should allowforOATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 74 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuua pulse to be felt on the end of the extremity. Wait to see if a small knot-likeswelling appears. When in doubt, call health lodge. less than 1% of poisonoussnakebites Inthiscountry are lethal.Insect: Remove stinger, If necessary, by gently scraping It offwith a card or knife.Treat with cool purified water andwash with soap. If an allergy sets In, callhealth lodge (see anaphylaxis section). Make sure that several other crewmembers know howto usethe "anakit" In caseof emergencies. An anaklt Isan anaphlactyc reaction kit used during severe reactions to Insect bites,especially bees. Health lodgewill requle It of anyperson allergic to bees.Arachnid: Spider andscorpion bitsandstings should be treated for infection andswelling. Watch for anaphylaxis.Mammals: Treat for Infections. Treatbitesfor Infection andtriple check to makesurethesubject hashada tetanus shotIn the lastten years. Donottry to killthe animal that bit the subject. Rather, identify the species if possible. If youthinkthere Is a chance of rabies, callhealth lodge.AbdominalConstipationPrevention: Once again, prevention Is the best medicine. Clear and copiousurination prevents constipation. Also. participants should notbe afraid to uselatrines; make surethateveryone Isgoing regularly. Once constipation sets Inand causes acute abdominal pain, it can be difficult for the health lodge todecideIf surgery may be necessary. For this reason, It Is difficult for healthlodgetorecommend drinking waterafterconstipation hassetIn.So,preventionby consistent fluidIntake Is Important.DiarrheaPrevention: Sound techniques of water purification areessential to thepreventionofdiarrhea. Ifdiarrhea doeshappen, hydration becomes even moreimportant.in orderto replenish lostwater.NauseaNomitingTreatment:If there Isnoabdominal pain. recent injury orfever, have theSUbject reestablishclearandcopious urination. Document anyvomiting.Gynecologicalthis Information may not be speclflcally applicable to your crew, but as aPhilmont staffmember ItIsImportant toknowabout situations which mayaffectanyof Philmont's participants.Signs/Symptoms: There are four non-life-threatening, but painful possibleoccurrences. These occurrences do not necessarily decrease backpackingabilities.1. Dysmenorrhea: Bleeding dueto an abnormally tipped uterus.2. PMS: Hormonal changes thathleghten discomfort andIrritability.3. Cramps during menstruation: Painful contractions of the uterus.4. Cramps during ovulation's: Painaround theovaries.PreventionITreatment: Call health lodge if the pattern of bleeding is irregular,pregnancy Is possible, feverIs present. or If the painis in the subject's lowerrightabdominal quadrant. Otherwise, try to Increase water, Iron. potassium,OATCSTAFFFIELOBOOK 75 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

calcium, andelectrolyte intake before using Ibuprofen or Tylenol; particularlyif menstruation Is present. Raisins, banana chips. cheese, milk and sportsbeverage bases are good sources of these nutrients in trail food. Chocolatebars, available in trail food. decrease discomfort for some and increasediscomfort for others. Water and iron can reduce the likelihood of painfulclotting at highaltitudes. Hand warmers placed overthe aching muscle areasof the backwork well because theyhelpcirculation.Backpacking concerns: Disposal of sanitary napkins is best at establishedlatrines. Thenextbestdisposal isto bury theItems In·cat holes,·200feetfromany water source, that do not reach underlying minerai soil. This techniquefosters quick, safedecomposition.nAbdominal PainSigns/Symptoms: pain in the abdomen resulting from illness or InjUry may betemporary andharmless, or serious anddangerous. Prevention of manytypesof abdominal painIs hydration.Treatment:Callhealth lodge If:1. Painhaspersisted for sixhours or longer.2. PainIsspecific to oneor more spotsIntheabdomen rather thandullaching.3. PainIs described as burning, stinging or stabbing.4. Blood appears in vomit(looking like coffee grounds), stool(likeblacktar),urine(reddening the urine).5. FeverIs present.CardiorespiratoryCardiac TroubleSigns/Symptoms:Prolonged (longerthantenminutes), oppressive painorunusualdiscomfort appears inthecenter ofthechest behind thesternum, Thepainmayradiate to theshoulders, arms, neck, orJaw. Thepainnormally, butnotalways,occurs on the subject's left. The painanddiscomfort areoftenaccompaniedby sweating, numbness. nausea. vomiting, or shortness of breath,. Thesesigns/symptoms sometimes subside sand then return, The painexperiencedis likened to a steel band being tightened around the chest, someonesqueezing theheartwitha fist,pressure or a heavy weight being placed onthechest.Treatment:Treatfor shock, call health lodge. If hearthasstopped, useCPR.StrokeSigns/Symptoms: Paralysis. sudden severe headache, rapid loss ofconsciousness or convulsion.Treatment: Maintain airway. Treatfor shock, keeping paralyzed side down. Callhealth lodge.nnnAsthmaSigns/Symptoms:Shortness of breath, labored breathing, wheezing.Treatment: Reduce exertion. Use the inhaler, morethan once if necessary. Beprepared for CPR.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 76 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uwwuuuuuuuuuHyperventilationOneveryeffective method Isto sitthesubject down andcalm the person Inareassuring manner that will reduce the feeling of panic. Have the sUbjectbreathe Into a bag or stuff sack to increase the carbon dioxide level In thebloodstream. Hyperventilation is caused by too much oxygen in thebloodstream caused by rapid, shallow breathing. Especially watch for thiswhen climbing uphill for prolonged periods.DiabetesInsulin Shock (Need of Sugar)Signs/Symptoms: Rapid onset, hunger, palemoistskin, normal orrapid breathing,normal rapid andfull pulse. Headache, irritability, lackof urination, seizure orcoma.Treatment:Beverage base, candy or hot cocoa. Maintain airway.Responseto treatment: Immediate.Diabetic Coma (Need of Insulin)Sign/Symptoms: Gradual onset. warm dry skin. Intense thirst, lack of hunger,vomiting, air hunger, sweet-fruity odorof breath, rapid weak pulse, urination.restlessness merging to coma.Treatment:Gradual Insulin Injection by qualified caregiver.Responseto treatment:Sixtotwelve hours following medication andfluids. IfthereIsanydoubt about howto provide carefor a diabetic reaction, givesugarandcall health lodge.AnaphylaxisCause: Sting, biteor otherallergic reaction.Signs/Symptoms: Skinis flushed, itching, burning, hives (away from the biteorsting), swelling (especially faceandtongue).Breathing: Tightness or painInchest, wlth Irritating, persistent cough, wheezing,difficulty breathing.Pulse: Development of weakened pulse.Treatment:Because thedifference between a mildanda severe reaction maytaketimeto ascertain, thecrew mustbe prepared fora reaction at alltimes. Assistthe subject In using the anakit. Callhealth lodge.EpilepsyTreatment: If a subject has a seizure, try to minimize the possibility or Injury.Monitortheairway andplacenoobjects whatsoever Inthemouth ofthesubject.Thesubject Is likelyto wake up highly embarrassed. Take these realities intoaccount.Smellab/es And FirstAidThe only Items of first aid kits that should not go In the bear bags are:anaphylaxis kits,asthma Inhalers, insulin andanyothermedication thatmaybeneeded quickly. These Items should be keptwlththeirowners at alltimesandsetIn a bootnearor In the owner's tent overnight.OATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 77 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

PHILSAR OPERATIONSSelection -1.Rangers areusually theonlymanpower used InPHILSAR (Philmont Search andRescue) operations. However if the department Is short-handed youmaybeasked to serve. Acting Inthetruespiritofservice, thisis a responsibility toyourjob to helpout by anymeans necessary.2. The Chief Ranger, an Assoclatel Assistant Chief Ranger. or perhaps anothermember of Ranger Leadership will bethe person asking youto serve.3. Youareonlyeligible to serve If you are on a day-offor havean assignment Inbetweencrew assignments. Youcan not serve on a PHILSAR mission If youhave a crew. Remember, providing services to the crew Is the foremostresponsibility of all Philmont Staff.4. Keep In mind that the PHILSAR process takestimeto properly prepare, selectmanpower, load gear, and execute. It Is exceedingly Important to remainpatient, listen to the Operations andTeam Leaders, andworkhard. People inthe Backcountry arewaiting for you.Personal Equipment and Clothing -Be a Scout, Be Preparedl Have a day-pack pre-packed withthe following items.Forall PHILSAR duty. youwearthe following:1. Long sleeved shirt; cotton or wool2. Long pants: cotton or wool3. Lug-soled boots4. Brimmed hat5.CottonhNoolsocksForall PHILSAR duty, you need to carrythe following Ina daypack:6. Bandanna7. 2 Waterbottles andpurification8. Ralngear9. Sunprotection10.Mapandcompass11.Gloves (these will be Issued bytheteam leader)12.Extra high-energy food/snacksWhere to Report-Unless otherwise Instructed, reportto the Ranger Office with full PHILSAR gear.Theteam members will receive further Instructions there.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 78 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Some Policies -A complete list of PHILSAR policies can be found In the PHILSAR Manual.aware of all of them. Some particular important policies are:Be1. All PHILSAR members are expected to be prepared and ready to respondquickly to anyalert.uuuwuuuwu2. All members on Ustand-by" areto check-In andcheck-out.3. PHILSAR equipment andsupplies aretobeused forPHILSAR operations only.4. No PHILSAR member will participate in anyfacet of an operation while underthe Influence of alcohol or drugs.5. Safety Is stressed during all PHILSAR operations.6. Onlythe person acting as the Philmont Public Relations OfficerIs to discussanything pertinent to an ongoing PHILSAR.7. PHILSAR members will be expected to get sufficient sleep during operationsto be mentally alert.8. All equipment used during a PHILSAR mustbe Immediately retumed to thePHILSAR room following a mission.9. Ail field PHILSAR personnel must be physically fit to be ableto tolerate longhoursof strenuous activity during fieldoperations.10. Jealously, boasting, or an abrasive attitude accomplishes nothing andwill notbe accepted in PHILSAR operations.uuuuuuwOATC STAFF FIElDBOOK 79 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

BACKCOUNTRY CAMP INFORMATIONAbreau:Program: AdobeBrickMaking, Cantina. BurroRacingFacilities: Radio, showersApache Springs: Program: Jicarllla Living, SweatLodgeFacilities: RadioBaldy Camp:Beaubien:Program: Mining HistoryFacilities: Radio, showers. Trading Post, CommissaryProgram: Horse Rides. Boot Branding. Chuckwagon Dinner.Cowboy CampfireFacilities: Radio. showersBlack Mountain: Program: Blacksmithing, BlackPowderFacilities: Radio- portableClmarronclto: Program: Rock Climbing, Climbing Wall. EnvironmentalAwarenessFacilities: Radio, showersClark's Fork:Clear Creak:Crater Lake:Program: Horse Rides, Boot Branding, Chuckwagon Dinner,Cowboy CampfireFacilities: Radio, showersProgram: RockyMountain Fur CompanyFacilities: RadioProgram: Continental Tie and LumberFacilities: Radio, showersCrooked Creek: Program: HomesteadingFacilities: Radio - portableCypher's Mine:Dan Beard:DeanCow:Fish Camp:French Henry:Harlan:Program: GoldMining, BlacksmithingFacilities: Radio, showersProgram: Challenge Course, LowImpactFacilities: RadioProgram: RockClimbing, Environmental AwarenessFacilities: Radio, showersProgram: FlyTying& FishingFacilities: RadioProgram: GoldMining, BlacksmithingFacilities: Radio, No Overnight CampersProgram: 12 GaugeShotgun Shooting, BurroRacingFacilities: RadioOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 80 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uuuuuwuuuuuwuuuwwuuuuuuHeadof Dean:Miner's Park:Miranda:Program: RockClimbing, Environmental AwarenessFacilities: Radio, showersProgram: Mountain Uvln', BurropackingFacilities: RadioPhillip'sJunction: Program: FishingFacilities: Radio, showers, Trading Post, Commissary, NoOvernight CampersRayado:Rleh Cabins:Program: Ropes andChallengesFacilities: RadioIndian Writings: Program: ArchaeologyFacilities: Radio, showersIris Park:Ponll:Pueblano:Ring Place:Sawmill:Program: Mountain BikingFacilities: RadioProgram: HorseRides, BurroPacking, Cantina, Western Lore,Chuckwagon Dinner & Breakfast, FishingFacilities: Radio, showers, Trading Post, CommissaryProgram: Continental Tie and LumberFacilities: RadioProgram: Kit Carson MuseumFacilities: Phone, No Overnight CampersProgram: HomesteadingFacilities: Radio, CommissaryProgram: Environmental Awareness, Conservation. Astronomy,RingRanch HistoryFacilities: Radio, commissaryProgram: .30-06 shootingFacilities: Radio, showersSeally Canyon: Program: Wilderness Medicine, Search and Rescue, GPSTechnologyFacilities: Radiou Urnea: Program: Ropes & Challenges, Philmont StoryCampfireFacilities: RadioUte Gulch:Facilities: Radio. Trading Post,Commissary, NoOvernightOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 81 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

GROUP DYNAMICSIntroduction To Expedition Behavior-Thefollowing textdiscusses thephases a group needsto undergo in orderto havea successful, andgrowth filledexperience at Philmont. You, as a Foreman, needto be aware of the following points and need to facilitate them within your crew.Discuss this process with yourother Foreman. Keepin mindthat throughout theduration of this program, dailyactivities can be challenging. Group Dynamics arenatural and essential to growth as individuals. The situations do not necessarilyhaveto occurin a specificorder, or at all.The Honeymoon Stage -Therearetwomainobjectives to pursue duringthefirsttwenty-four hourswith yourcrew. First, ensure thatthemembers ofthe crewgetto know eachotherreasonablywell. Because of theduration andthe Intensity of the timetheywill spend together,thegroupneeds to understand exactly whatkind of personalities theyare dealingwith. We are going to use an activity, onethat Is goodto usewith yourcrews, tohelpexplain the process.Therearefive areasof a person's personality to consider: name, age, experience,emotion, andcharacter traits. These arethingsto knowabouta person Inordertocometoa betterunderstanding of thetypeofperson youareworking with. Youmayadjusttheseareasas yourexperience givesyougreaterInsight. Theactivity runslike this: Givethe crewa theme (oneof the five areasof personality fromabove),and then have them form a line. Each person's place, in the line, is decidedaccording to where theyfit within the group, relative to the theme. Name andageare relatively simple, they can be done first to get the groupIn the groove. Nexthavethem move on to something more revealing. Say, "Allrlght folks, organizeyourselves, frommostto least, according to howmuchyouwantto be here.· Thisaccomplishes three things, it gets them communicating, It gets them workingtogether, andletsyouseewhoIsreallygladto beat Philmont, andwhoIsnotreallytooexcited aboutthesizeof themountains theyarelooking at. Youcanthenmoveon to, ·Okay,whothinksthey're prettyheadstrong (stubborn), andwho'sthe mostflexible,· or 'Who's seen a bearInthewildbefore: ThereIsall kindsof informationyoucan get the crewto sharewithyou,andwith themselves. Donot limityourselfto just this activity, though. There are may other activities in which people'sawareness of each other is increased. Any activity that causes people tocommunicate and work together is good, especially when it reveals personalitytraits.Second, sothatthegroupIsnotintimidated or confused, theymustbeateasewiththeir new physical setting. What may be first and foremost on the minds of theparticipants when theyarrive at Philmont is the physical experience theyare aboutto go through. This Is their first day and they should be put at ease with theirlocation as much as possible, so that they can concentrate on the emotionaldevelopment of themselves andtheirgroup. First,makesuretheyarecomfortablewithwhereandwhen things arehappening InBaseCamp. Shakedown will be thenextopportunity youhaveto workonthis. A person's equipment Is directly relatedtothephysical aspects of theirtrek. Take thistimetofamiliarize crewmembers withOATCSTAFF FIELDBOOK 82 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uuuuuuuu'ow.,)'ow.,)uuuuuuuuuuuupcoming physical challenges. Each person needs to understand howtheirmapand compass works so theycan see where theyare and how much further theyhave to go. Notknowing breeds confusion, frustration. and disappointment.The Building Block Stage-Bytheendofthesecond day, thecrewneeds to have discussed theirexpectationsfor their program. Theexpectations a person brings to Philmont are not alwaysappropriate. It IsImportant foryou, as a Foreman, tohelppeople understand whatthe experience will be about. At the same time, It is important for you to set anappropriate tone, not only In language and actions, but also In thought. Byanalyzing the interest andexpectations of the crewmembers, the group canplanitsgoals. Goals should be attainable, make sense, andbeunderstood byeveryone.The Philmont program can be enlightening and formative for individuals. Withoutthis developmental step, a crewmember's emotional growih maybe limited.Crew members should share In determining how the group will make decisions,because people tendto support whattheyhelpto create. Consensus is a healthyway for groups to make decisions. When a decision is made by consensus, theissues involved are discussed and explored until the group reaches agreementamong all its members. Everyone's opinion andpoint of viewareaired, examined,andconsidered. A decision is then reached which allgroup members cansupport.Theyhavecontributed tothedecision andaremoresatisfied withItthan Iftheywerelimited to anyone of the alternatives. Try to identify whateveryone's underlyingmotives are, and use them as a base to work toward a common goal. Often.motives arethesame while desired methods mayvary.Usethesewords of wisdom to guide youas you deal withcrewmembers. Sharethemwithyourcrewleader to helphimor herlearn to dealwithpeople:• Never, everembarrass anyone• Speak softer when upset, notlouder• Keep yourlanguage at a leveleveryone canunderstand• If youare wrong admit it• Themind canabsorb onlywhatthe seatcanendure• Show a sense of humor• Playno favorites• Participate In all activities. Remember, youareon theJob• Donot actas If youknowall theanswers• Praise good work• Lead by example• Encourage participation• Repetition Is the mother of learningThe Conflict Stage-All groups of people have problems living andworking together, especially whentheyare as dependent upon eachotherandareas physically challenged as theyare at Philmont. Thesuccess of theirtrekdepends on theirability to workthroughtheseproblems. Theability to useproblem solving methods in a groupandas anIndividual willserve them wellInyears tocome. Here arethesteps to basicproblemsolving:OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 83 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

• What is the real problem? Is it with an individual, or the whole group?• Whataresome possible reasons It exists or happens? Tryto separate factsfrom emotions. Explore all possible reasons for the situation.• What are possible solutions? Think of as manypossible solutions as youcan. Encourage action thatinvolves personal responsibility, notjust Ideasabout whatotherpeople do.• Whatarethepossible consequences? Consider theconsequences of eachpossible solution.• Agree on a solution. If the solution doesnotwork, re-examine the problemand repeat the steps. When you need to give "advice" to an individualwhose behavior Is less than acceptable, try the Sandwich Technique.Offerthe person a compliment, makea suggestion, and follow up withanother compliment. Forexample, youmightsaytotheoverbearing adultleader, "Ah Mr. Potato Head, you certainly have a wealth of informationwhich needs tobeshared. People learn through action though, andunlessyouallowtheseyoung people to thinkandact forthemselves, theywon'tgaina total understanding of theirexperience. I believe If youshare yourknowledge through the crew leader, the crewwill havethe best of bothworlds. I knowyou havethe crew's bestInterest at heart." Even beUerthanthesandwich Is the sandwich withtoo much bread.• Praise In public, punish in private.The Eureka Stage -Things Are Coming Together. The groupunderstands oneanother, knows wheretheyaregoing, andknowhowto getthere. Donot stopnowthough, without theselast steps theirgoalsand optimum development maynotbe realized.Everyday the group needs to evaluate their progress. Use Thoms & Roses toencourage group members totalkabouthowtheyarefeeling. Discuss success andproblems of the day. Talkabouthoweffective the solutions were, andwhatotheralternatives could havebeen tried. Because of the changing nature of a Philmontexperience, the crew's goalsmayneedadjustment.Give generous, positive feedback to all crew members. Individuals need to berecognized for theircontributions to the success of the whole group.Now, go play, forthe fun of III You've all earned IIIOATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 84 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uwwuuwuuuuwuuuuuwCREWS AND GENDER ISSUESMost crews respect people as people and are not blatantly sexist. For variousreasons, some crews do require tone setting when it comes to dealing withfemalestaffand coed crews. They maytry to make female Rangers andForemen provethemselves or throw out totally inappropriate comments. The first thing toremember is thatnoonehasto tolerate sexual harassment. Arrowmen especially,need to setan example andtreat everyone fairly. TheConservation Leadership,Ranger Leadership. andthe Philmont Administration arethere andwilling to help.It Is Important that Foremen adhere to andbackRanch policies regarding theissue. Foremen need totalkwithallcrews abouttreating everyone as equals. It is notnecessary to discuss sexism withall crews,mostcould just usea general discussion aboutrespect of others. Forthose crewsthat needto be talked withspecifically. It Is bestto stress professionalism, sothatall people understand thatanyone hired andtrained at Philmont Isjustas qualifiedandhasthe same general knowledge as anyone elseon staff.Any inappropriate comments about women should beaddressed quickly andwithdecorum. Remarks canescalate andbecome damaging. A Staffmember shouldshow support for all othermembers of the StaffTeam. This will demonstrate howtheyall trustandhave confidence In each other.Although Ranger. Conservation or Ranch Leadership is willing to stepin andhelpInanydifficulty situation, often female Rangers or Foremen would liketo solve theproblem themselves. Other female staffmembers arecertainly a source foradvice.A good wayto work with a crew In regards to sexism is to use the "Thorns andRoses· sessions atnight, andexplain howoneofthe"thorns· isthecrew's apparentlackof respect forfemales.Philmont. andall of its departments will stand bytheirstaff. Philmont is preparedto remove crews from the Ranch property If conduct on the part of the crewbecomes repeatedly unacceptable. Crews, however. should notbebombarded withthisthreat. Philmont Isnotprone to unusual amounts ofsexism, and conduct ofthissortis rare.uuOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 85 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

IMPACTInstilling a conservation ethic in participants is part of the Wilderness Pledge.Making participants aware ofdifferent types of impact canhelpachieve this. ImpactIs one of the key concepts at Philmont. Loosely defined, impact refers to anydisturbance on the natural environment created by man. Anypresence of manInnature will havesomeformof Impact (bydefinition). At the same time, anyusageof natural resources will have some Impact. Thus man's Impact on the naturalenvironment is necessary andinevitable. Theissueofappropriateness ofa certainimpact depends on the specific Impact, whenIt occurs, where it occurs, andwhatit affects.1. Physical ImpactAnyimpact which has a physical (permanent or temporary) affecton the landsurface. Examples are:campsites, trails,graflttl, grazed grass, etc.2. AudlallmpactAny noise outside of natural sounds. Yelling off a cliff to hearan echo Is anexample. Thisnot onlylessens othercrews enjoyment of the wilderness, butalsoaffects wildlife.3. Visual ImpactAny Impact which canbe seen, butIs not necessarily on the land. Examplesare:wearing a bright orange jacket, airpollution, or a dining f1ywhlch Ishighofftheground.4. Low ImpactA type of outdoor usage which Is practiced In some ways at Philmont. Lowimpact Is a concept that realizes that impact will occur, and therefore oneattempts to minimize it. Examples are: flUffing the grass after meadowcrashing, cat holes, andspreading outwhenhiking off trail.5. ConcentratedImpactA type of outdoor experience which constitutes most Philmont usage.Concentrated Impact realizes thatImpactwilloccur, andtherefore oneattemptsto perform repeated Impacts on a certain area. Thiswill significantly Impactone area, while leaving the rest pristine. Examples are: trails, campsites,latrines and sumps.6. Conservation vs. PreservationConservation refers tousing natural resources wisely, whilepreservation refersto notusinga resource. Philmont practices conservation forthemostpart, andhasa Conservation Department for this purpose.7. Historical Impact on PhilmontNumerous signs of historical impact are evident on Philmont. Examplesinclude:• The multiple reservoirs on Wilson Mesa.• The mine tailing pliesInthe Baldy area.• Old logging roads.• Timber stand density beinggreaterthannatural.• Exclusion of fire In general (altered vegetative composition andstructure).• Anasazl ruinsat Indian Writings Camp.• Builtup railroad bedsalong the Ponll River.• Regulated flowin the Cimarron River.• Aspen are the first trees to re-vegetate disturbed areas. (Baldy areamines.)nnnnnnr»nnOATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 86 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

BUS TOUR INFORMATIONuuuuuEach tourIs listedwith prominent features to point outon yourwayto yourstartingdestination. A glossary is located farther back in orderfor you to reference thematerial.Study the material beforehand. Look, act.andspeak professionally. Donot read Itfromthe book. Answer questions. Consider researching additional material. TheSeton Library offersvarious resources which can helpyou learn moreabout thehistory of the area.Keep In mind that history Involves much subjective Interpretation. Whenconflictsariseover"facts" this subjective element should beremembered.Bus tours should also be fun. However. be careful withjokes. Any joke whichInvolves telling something that is not true should quickly be followed up with astatement like, "Justklddlngl". Do notpurposefully deceive participants.uuuuuuuZastrow Turnaround TourHayward ResidenceTooth of TImeLover's LeapGrizzly ToothCattle HeadquartersNairn PlaceSanta FeTrailTrail PeakUrraca MesaUUBar RanchRayado MesaOrtega MesaRayadoHolyChild ChapelKit Carson Museum and Home SiteRayado PeakCraterpeakFowler MesaZastrowStonewall PassRayado CanyonLoversLeap Turnaround TourHayward ResidenceTooth of TimeLover's LeapGrizzly ToothCattle HeadquartersNairn PlaceTrailPeakUrraca MesaRocky Mountain Scout CampStockadeOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 87 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Cimarroncito Tumaround TourHayward ResidencePhilmont Museum andSeton UbraryPhilmont Training CenterVilla PhilmonteRanch Administration AreaPoioBamsLower HeckHouseUpper HeckHouseHeckCemeteryBuffalo PastureArrowhead RockFormationWebster LakeBlack MountainBearMountainMount PhillipsCimarronclto PeakTouch-Me-Not MountainBaldy MountainBaldy TownDeerLakeMesaAntelope MesaCathedral RockWindow RockCimarroncito Reservoirf'If'If'If'IIinTurlcey Creek Turnaround TourHayward ResidenceTooth ofTlmePhilmont Museum and Seton LibraryPhilmont Training CenterVillaPhilmonteRanch AdministrationPoloBarnsBuffalo PastureCimarron Visual Omni-Range Radio StationStone JailAztec GristMillSt. James HotelEd Springer HouseSiteof the Maxwell HouseCimarron RiverVillage of CimarronCimarron Public SchoolMaverick ClubArrowhead Rock FormationLow-Grade 011 DepositsRoute of an old railroad bedGauging StationTurkey Creek CanyonOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 88 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uuuuuuuuuSix-Mile AndPonll Turnaround TourHayward ResidenceTheTooth of TimePhilmont Museum and Seton LibraryPhilmont Training CenterVilla PhllmonteRanch Administration AreaPoloBamsBuffalo PastureArrowhead RockFormationWindow RockBlackMountainBearMountainMount PhillipsClmarronclto PeakTouch-Me-Not MountainBaldy MountainBaldy TownDeerLake MesaAntelope MesaCimarron Visual Omni-Range Radio StationStone JailAztecGrist MillSt. James HotelEdSpringer HouseSiteof the Maxwell HouseCimarron RiverVillage of CimarronCimarron PublicSchoolMaverick ClubWS (Vermejo Park) HeadquartersChase RanchCimarron andNorthwestem RailroadCoal MinesValle Vidal Unitof theCarson National ForestLittle Costilla PeakNorth Ponll CanyonT.Rex FootprintPenitente CanyonGraveyard CanyonPonil CanyonArcheology SitePonllCampBentCampHISTORYGeneral History -Historic Philmont wasonceroamed by Jicarilla Apache andMoache Ute Indians.Thelocation ofthefirstMexican settlement in northeastem NewMexico wasinthePhilmont area. The Ranch was part of the original Beaubien and Miranda LandGrant created bythe Mexican govemment in 1841. Thegrant. originally heldbyOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 89 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Carlos Beaubien andGuadalupe Miranda, onceencompassed overamillion acres.Lucien Maxwell, Beaubien's son-In-law, wasa mountain manwhofounded thefirstcolony alongthe Rayado River in 1848. Neither intense Indian raids norstrenuouswilderness conditions stopped the settlement fromprospering.Maxwell's farming andranching operation moved totheCimarron River In1857. Asa stopon the Santa Fe trail, Maxwell's-ranch became famous to those bringingAmerican goods IntoNewMexico. Goldwasdiscovered on Maxwell's ranch soonafter the moveto Cimarron; both in the Moreno Valley and on Baldy Mountain.Miners and othergoldseekers swarmed to the mountains and streams searchingfor theyellow wealth.TheMaxwell Land Grant andRailroad Company, a Dutch-based operation, boughtMaxwell's wilderness ranch in the 1870's. Whiletrying to develop It,theydecidedto break It up Intofarmplotsandranches and soldIt.Inthe1920's WaitePhillips, anOklahoma businessman, began buying partsoftheOldMaxwell Land Grant forfarming, ranching, andvacation ing. Soon anexcellentherdof Hereford cattle anda largeSpanish- Mediterranean-style mansion gracedPhilmont. Phillips Improved thelandandranching araaaround hismagnificent VillaPhllmonte.In 1938Phillipsdonated 35,857 acresof his ranch to the BoyScouts of America.The land was named Phllturn (a name derived from Phillips and his good turn)Rocky Mountain Scout Camp.Enthusiastic response from theearly Scout campers encouraged Phillips to addtohisoriginal gift. In 1941 headded his bestcamping land, theVilla Phllmonte, andhisfarming andranching operations. It washisdesire that"many, ratherthan few"could enjoyhisrichandscenic land. In 1941 theproperty, then127,395 acres, wasrenamed Philmont Scout Ranch. Asanendowment formaintaining anddevelopingthe property, Phillips Included In his gift the 23-story Philtower BUilding in Tulsa,Oklahoma. The building was sold in 1977. Norton Clapp, vice-president of theNational Council, BoyScouts of America, added the 10,098-acre Baldy Mountainmining areato Philmont in 1963. Philmont ScoutRanch nowtotals137,493 acres,or 214square miles, andhasserved over600,000 Scouts, Explorers, andleadersIn its57 yearsof operation.BUS TOUR GLOSSARYHayward Residence- The Ladd family livedin this houseon their eighty acreorchard, which lay between the Urraca and Clmarronclto creeks. Phillipspurchased thelandin 1922 andhisranch manager, Gene Hayward, occupiedthe house. It Is now the home for Philmont's Director of Program. LloydKnutson, Director of Program from 1976 to 1986, built the archway andencouraged participants to contribute antlers.Tooth of Time (9,003 tt) - "Anigneous Intrusion of dacite porphyry formed In theTertiary period twenty-two to forty million years ago.a Supposedly settlerssighting thislandmark along the Santa FeTrailknew theyhadabouta weektoten daysuntilreaching Santa Fe. The ToothRidge trail was constructed byWaitePhillips, often using dynamite.OATC STAFFFIELDBOOK 90 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuuuuuuuuuuuLover's Leap- Many locales across thecountry have a storyandsitesimilar toourLover's Leap. We do know, however, thatthis area's legend at leastpredatesPhilmont. Thelegend states thatInyears pastIndians from thevillage onaoswerein the habitof roaming overthe northern partof NewMexico on huntingtrips. Itwascustomary for themto camp in thenearby meadow called UrracaPark, socalled because ofthegreatnumber of magpies in thearea. Thepartywascelebrating a successful trip by singing andchanting theirhunting song.In the midstof the celebration, Ka, the chiefof the hunt, paused and gazedtoward therock. Everyone noticed thatoutlined against theskyontheedge oftheprecipice stood amananda maiden. Themanwasdressed asa chief. Hewason his knees pleading withthe woman, yetwitha gesture of disdain sheturned and stepped away. The man rose, walked to the edge, and hurledhimself off shouting, DAsl se murlo su novio" (soyourloverdies). The Indianparty split. Some hurried down to where the man's body lay, while othersrushed upto where thewoman stood. The man wasChinns, sonof thechiefof the Cochitenos tribe. The malden was a beautiful paleface, namedEnrlqueta, found ontheplains aftera band of settlers hadbeen attacked bytheApaches. Shehadgrown among thetribe, and It hadbeen Chlrlna's purposein lifeto make herhis squaw. Theman'sbodywas burled at the base of therock. ThemaidwastakenbacktoTaos. Shediedsoon after, however, duetoa broken heart. They burled her bodynextto her love(s at the base of therock.GrizzlyTooth (9,005 ft) - An Intrusion of dacite porphyry, Grizzly Tooth is visibleagainst the ridge beyond Shaefe(sPeak. According to the mapandcontraryto appearances-Grlzzly Tooth topstheTooth ofTimeby twofeet. However,since Grizzly Tooth was measured with possible error of six feet, versus ameasurement of theTooth that'saccurate to six Inches, wecannot tell whichoneis actually higher.Cattle Headquarters - This is the home-base for Philmont's wranglers andhorsemen, built by Waite Phillips in the early 1920's. The Ranch raisescommercial beefwitha herd of 250cross-bred cattle, 250horses, andhas100head of buffalo. WhilePhilmont wasgivento theBSA withnostipulations, theRanch Is keptoperational to honorPhillips' wish that Scouts be ableto seeaworking caUIe ranch. Livestock brands can onlybe registered to oneowner.Therefore, Philmont's cattle areregistered directly through theRanch itselfanddesignated witha "barP andcrazy S." TheHorses areregistered through theBoyScouts of America anddesignated withjust a single ·slashcrazy-S."Nairn Place - The Nairn Placewas built as a mountain retreat in 1922 by JackNairn, whocalled it ·Casa del Gavllan" (House of the Hawk). Waite Phillipsbought the house In 1943 after giving his Villa to the BSAand then sold Itseveral years laterwiththeremainder ofhisranch (the W Bar) to McDaniel andSons, ranchers from Arizona. Today thehouse isopen asa bedandbreakfast,the onlyprivate property within Philmont's boundaries.SantaFeTrail - Theroad in between CHQ and PTC follows theMountain BranchoftheSanta FeTrail, used bytravelers andsettlers beginning In 1822. Thetrailwas originally used to carry goods to Santa Fe In exchange for gold, silver,mules, andfurs. Later, wagon trains rolled overthetrail,stopping in Cimarronto re-supply andrest. The Santa FeTrailwasrarely a single set of wheelOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 91 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

tracks, but often wasmiles wide. Some alternate routes bypassed Cimarroncompletely. It began in Independence, Missouri, andranwest, splitting at FortDodge In Kansas. The Mountain Route swung north through Bent's Fort insoutheastern Colorado. then through Raton Pass and Cimarron, joining thesouthern DryCimarron Branch nearlas Vegas before continuing to Santa Fe.Thissection ofthetrailwasonceusedbystage-coaches from Denver to SantaFe,untilthe Santa Fe Railroad wasbuiltIn NewMexico In 1879.Trail Peak (10,242 ft) - Justbelow thepeakis thewreckage of anArmyAir CorpsB-240liberator. OnApril 22,1942, theplane wasoff-course Instormy weatherwhen It hit the sideof the mountain. All six crewmembers were killed. Theaircraft hadbeen based at the Combat Crew Training School at Kirtland Fieldnear Albuquerque. The mission was to provide crews with final advancedtraining before assignment to operational units. The pilot, co-pilot, andflightengineerwerenotmilitary personnel butemployed byTWA, asInstructors. Thewreckage wasnot discovered untila weeklaterwhen another B-24 flewover.Since themilitary dynamited mostoftheplane afterthebodies wererecovered,thereIsspeculation thatclassified equipmentwasonboard. Onecrewmemberhad been active in the Boy Scouts In Kansas City, Kansas. The wingsandotherfragments canstilibeseentoday. Thetwisted metal pieces werepaintedyellow so thatItwould notbe confused with a newer crash.To reach his Rayado lodge (Fish Camp), Phillips and his family traveled byhorseto theCrater Lakecabin andthensouth. Theycalled themountain TrailPeakmerely because thetrailpassed below It. Notrailsactually ascended thispeakuntilPhilmont builtthepresent oneInthe mid-forties.UrracaMesa- Themesa Iscapped withbasalt. remnants of lavaflows thatpouredfromtheCrater Peak volcano fourmillion yearsago. Urraca Ispronounced asYou-rock-ah and Interpreted as magpie. Manystories existof Urraca Mesa'shaunted nature.W Bar Ranch- Theareafrom thebaseof Urraca Mesa ontheeastsideoftheroadto Rayado IspartoftheW BarRanch. This125,000acreareawasthelastpartoftheranch thatPhillips owned. Muchmore suitable forgrazing thanPhilmont,Phillips solditto McDaniel andSons, Arizona ranchers, withtheNairn Place inthe 1940s. Interesting to note, Waite Phillips originally wanted the letteroW·forhisbrand. However. thismarking wasalready taken. Sohechose two"U's"andpronounced It the "Oouble-U Bar."Rayado Mesa - Rayado Mesa and Gonzalitos Mesa (to the southeast) arecommonly called Miami Mesa. Thetown of Miami waspartially settled bytheOunkards, a religious sectfrom Miami, Ohio Inthe early 1900's.OrtegaMesa- (Westof Rayado Mesa) Untn the 1860s thequickest route to TaosfromtheCimarron areawasthe"Taos Trail." Thisprimitive trailfollowed MorasCreek over Ortega Mesa through the parklands to Moreno Valley (the AngelFirearea) and overPalo Osha Passto Taos. It wasused by the ComancheIndians when trading withthe TaosPueblo andlaterbytrappers andtraders.Aftergoldwasdiscovered, Cimarron Canyon became thepreferred route astherough andnarrow trailwasImproved.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 92 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uwuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuRayado - Rayado means "striped" or"lined" in Spanish, apossible reference tothearea's striated cliffs, or perhaps the facial decorations of the local NativeAmericans. One of the original two owners of the land grant, CharlesBeaubien, picked his son-in-law Lucien Maxwell to establish the RayadosetDement in 1848. Kit Carson, a longtime friend of Maxwell, joined himas apartner in 1849, leaving in 1854to become an Indian Agent inTaos. ClasheswiththeUtesandJicarilla Apaches were common andso a detachment of USArmy dragoons (mounted Infantry) wasstationed there. Theystayed atRayadoIn 1850and'51,before FortUnion wascompleted to thesouth. Thedragoonsat 'Post Rayado" protected thesettlers in thearea andalsoimproved Rayadofinancially by renting quarters and stables from Maxwell. After overseeingBeaubien's ranch fornearly adecade, Maxwell moved eleven miles north tothebanks of theCimarron River. Thiswasin 1857, andhewentonto establisheda much largeroperation. Among thesettlers at Rayado were Jesus Abreu andhis family, who (after a brief interim) bought the ranch from Beaubien andMaxwell. For many years the Abreu's operated the prosperous ranch, inaddition to providing hotmeals anda store for passengers on the stage-routeto Santa Fe. Jesus Abreu's sonsfinally soldthe ranch in 1911. Rayado ispronounced as Ryeah-doe andInterpreted asstreaked. Abreu Is pronouncedas Ah-bray-you. Beaubien is pronounced as Bow-bea-en. The historicstructures of Rayado Rancho were placed ontheNational Register of HistoricPlaces In 1993.Holy Child Chapel - This chapel wasbuilt In 1902 by Petra Beaubien Abreu inmemory of her husband Jesus. Catholic services are held throughout thesummerby Philmont chaplains. Behind themuseum istheAbreu cemetery plot,where thefamilystillhasburial rights.Kit Carson Museumand HomeSite - Kit Carson livedfrom 1849 to 1853 at hishome in Rayado, though he frequently was absent. After many years ofdisrepair, Philmont rebuilt hisadobe house, finishing In1950. Inthefifties andsixties, CarMax, asitwasthenknown, wasoneofthree "base camps- - alongwith Ponil and Cimarroncito - where crews departed for the backcountry.TodayIt is a museum, where visitors can watch a blacksmith working at theforge and other Interpretive staff living the way the way they would have inMaxwell's and Carson's day.Crater Peak (9748 ft) - Fourmillion years agothisbuffalo-shaped peakwasanactive volcano. It wasresponsible for the basalt capping the area's mesas.Fowler Mesa- Phillips named the mesaaftera fur trader named Jacob Fowlerafterreading abouthim. Fowler passed through thearea In 1821 andIn 1822was one of the firstAmericans granted permission to trapandtrade on whatwas then Mexican land. There Is no evidence, however, that Fowler evertraversed this mesa. Ifs capped withthe basalt thatonceflowed as lavafromCrater Peakfourmillion years ago.zastrow - Built in 1949, Zastrow is currently thebase for Philmont's Wood Badgecourses. The Wood Badge curriculum teaches adultScouters how-to teachyouth through an outdoor experience using the patrol method. Philmontadopted the name from a cow camp called zastrow, used by Waite Phillips'cowboys whiledriving cattle to summer mountain pastures. Paul Zastrow wasOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 93 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

a Russian immigrant whobought 600 acres of landwestof theAbreu homeaftertheirranch wasparceled and soldin 1911.Stonewall Pass- Thestone wallwasbuiltin 1861 byPortuguese immigrant PeterJoseph. Joseph was a local rancher, trapper, andtrader. Thewallwasusedto separate his ranch fromJose'Pley'sproperty, the Rayado Ranch. Josephdiedlessthan a yearafterpurchasing thelandfrom Beaubien andMaxwell, butportions of thewallstilistand today. Barbed wirewasnotused because it wasnotinvented untilthe early1870's.Rayado Canyon- Thecanyon has beenformed since the lasteruption of CraterPeakfourmillion years ago. Theriverslowly sliced down through basaltic flowsattherimdown to the Pre-Cambrian gneiss andschist at the bottom, which Ismore than900million years old. Thecanyon is capped byRayado Peak(9805ft).Rocky Mountain Scout Camp.- Thiscampwasbuiltin 1972 for younger Scoutswhose parents areat theTraining Center. However, since 1992thecamphasbeen used solelyfortheNational JuniorLeader InstructorTraining courses heldduring the summer.Stockade- TheStockade wasa staffed camp Inearlier years, andIt wasknockeddown by a tomado In 1960. Afterwards a smaller structure wasbuiltneartheoriginal site. It hasprimarily been usedforactivities bytheCubScout programat theTraining Center.Philmont Museum and SetonMemorialLibrary - this building hasexhibits fromPhilmont's richhistory andhouses the personal library of thefirstChiefScoutof the Boy Scouts of America, Ernest Thompson Seton. Collections IncludeNative American artifacts, specimens from Seton's animal studies, and over3,000paintings, drawings, andsketches bythe famed outdoorsman.Themuseum alsofeatures a Scouting history andWestern archive includingfiction, BSAAnnual Reports toCongress, oldBoy's Lifemagazines, pastissuesof Scouting magazine, biographies, and a copy of the original Boy ScoutHandbook written In 1910by Seton. The construction of the institution wasfunded In 1967by L. O. Crosby, longtime Scouter from MississippI.Philmont Training Center (PTC) - Justupthe road fromCamping Headquarters,PTCwas established in 1950 to train chosen adultvolunteer Scouters fromacross the nation, whoin turncouldpasson the skills to otherleaders in theircouncils back home. TheVillaPhllmonte Isthe nucleus of thetraining center.Today approximately 1,500 volunteers andprofessionals participate Intrainingconferences at the ranch each summer. Dally activities are planned forspouses and children of participants. During the fall, winterand spring, theTraining Center is used for short-term conferences for both scout and nonscoutgroups,aswellas councll, regional, and area meetings.Villa Philmonte- WaitePhillips' summer house wasfinished in 1927at a costof$250,000. It was modeled aftera villahe sawin the Mediterranean in 1925.Phillips gave the"BigHouse" totheBSA withhissecond landdonation In1941.Philbrook, hishome InTulsa, Oklahoma, Is almost Identical yetthree timesOAlC STAFF FIELDBOOK 94 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uuuuuuuwwuwuuuuuuuuwuwuuwularger. It isnowanartmuseum. Instructors fortraining courses often have theprivilege of residing in the Villa Guest-house. Tours are scheduled at thePhilmont Museum. Villa Phllmonte Is pronounced as Vee-yah Fill-mon-tay.RanchAdministration Area- Thefirsthouse onthecorner istheoriginal Websterhouse, now the home of Philmont's General Manager. Phillips bought theUrraca Ranch fromGeorge Webster in two parts, In 1922and 1923. At onepoint the entire administrative area was covered with apple and cherryorchards. The area has the ranch administrative office, commissary,warehouse, motorpool, fire department, andotherservice areas. Philmont'strail food is packaged at the commissary. Philmont is one of the largestconsumers of dehydrated food Intheworld.Polo Barns - Thebarns werebuiltbyWaitePhillips In 1932because he enjoyedwatching poloandotherequestrian sports. Both thePhilmont andCSranchesspent considerable timeandmoney raising andtraining thoroughbred horses.The saleof these horses represented an Important Income for bothranchesduring the Depression, when cattle prices were at an ali-time low. More thanthirtystallsIn the original bam housed prized ponies that played teams fromTexas, Colorado, and Oklahoma. Thearea In frontof the barnsoncehadatrackandtraining field. Philmont currently usesthe bamsfor storage andasa program areafor younger children fromtheTraining Center.Lower Heck House - This house on the south side of the Cito Road wasconstructed by German Immigrant Mathias Heck's descendants. TheoriginalHeck family bought a tractof land along the Cimarronclto Creek In 1876. TheHecks are stili a prominent family In this area. Year-round staff and theirfamilies nowlive Inthetwo Heck houses.Upper Heck House - The house wasbuilt by German Immigrant Mathias Heck,whosettled ona tractof landalong theClmarronclto Creek In1876. Hisfamilysoldthe Heck ranch to Phillips in the 1920's.HeckCemetery - The family plotcontains one headstone andtwograves, thoseof Mathias Heck andhis wife, Margaret. Thefamily stilihasburial privileges.ArrowheadRock Formation- ThePhilmont arrowhead patch design, firstused In1957, wasallegedly Inspired bythisoutcropping ontheTooth Ridge. Accordingto Philmont tradition, Ifyoulookoveryourshoulder asyou're leaving Philmontandseethe arrowhead, you're destined to return.WebsterLake- George Webster created thisreservoir (which hecalled Reservoir#1) in 1908- one of the projects he masterminded in developing his UrracaRanch. Thewaterwasusedto irrigate thebottomlands below, devoted mainlyto alfalfa and apple orchards. HealsoIntroduced elk and established a stategame preserve. Phillips lateradded to Webster's cabin at Fish Camp afterhepurchased the Urraca Ranch In 1923.Black Mountain and Bear Mountain (10,892 ft) and (10,663 ft) - These wereformed over 900 million years ago during the Pre-Cambrian era. They aremade of granodiorite and gneiss, the oldest rocks on Philmont. ThetrailupBlackMountain Is considered oneof the toughest hikes on the Ranch.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 95 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

MountPhillips (11,711 ft) - Philmont's second highest mountain isalsocomposedof Pre-Cambian granodiorite and gneiss. Mount Phillips wasoriginally calledClear Creek Mountain, but was renamed in 1960by Chief Scout ExecutiveArthur A. Shuck in honorof our benefactor. Theactual summit does notDe onRanch property.Clmarronclto Peak (10,468 ft) - This Is the conical shaped mountain betweenSawmill and Cyphers Mine Camps. Notrailsleadto the top. Clmarronclto Ispronounced Seam-mar-ron-see-toe andinterpreted as little Wildone.Touch-Me-Not (12,045 ft) - Visible to the south of Baldy, Touch-Me-Not is In theCimarron Canyon Wildemess Areawestof Philmont. Supposedly, during themining era,themountain's owner chased off anyandall trespassers, eamingItthename Touch-Me-Not. Locals ontheEagle Nestsideknowit asSugarloaf.Baldy Mountain (12,441 ft) - Is the highest point on Philmont. Gold wasdiscovered on Baldy In 1867, triggering a rush to the area. Although It was arelatively small district with an erratichistory, It was mined continuously untilWorld War II. Elizabethtown. a ghosttown in Moreno Valley ontheother sideof Baldy, wasthecenterof the district(and thecounty seatof Colfax county).Large stands ofaspen trees Indicate locations of some oftheoldmines. HikersInthe areacansee old slagheapsalong the creeks.Baldy Town - It Is perched at the top of the UteCreek Valley. A staffed campIslocated among the ruinsof the community which served the mines on Baldy'seastern slope. Baldy Town usually had a population between one and twohundred during the mining days. Many of its residents worked at the Aztecminelocated above the town. Crews hiking through French Henry cantourapartof theAztec mine. the richest mineInthe area.DeerLake Mesa- Thetop Is capped with Cretaceous Polson Canyon Formationsandstone andconglomerate washed from the westbystreams.Antelope Mesa- It is located northeast between DeerLake Mesa, Webster LakeandHighway 64.Cathedral Rock- This massive formation Isan outcropping of dacite porphyry, anIntrusive Igneous rockthatseeped Intothejointsandcracks oftheoldershalesduring theTertiary Period (sixtymillion years ago). Thesofter shale hassinceeroded fromthe moreresistant daciteporphyry.Window Rock- The longhorizontal band of exposed dacite porphyry wasformedbythesameprocess as Cathedral Rock. Phillips Installed a c1rcularwlndow Inthe study of hisvillathatdirectly facesthisformation, thusthe name.Clmarronclto Reservoir- It Is the sole source of Cimarron's watersupply. Thetown bought thewaterrights from George Webster, whobuilttheoriginal dam.For almost sixty years, the water flowed down to Cimarron through woodenpipes bound bywire. Aftersurviving the1965flooding. thepipeswere replacedbytheend of the decade. Wooden sections arestili visible between the damandCathedral RockCamp.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 96 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uuuuuuuwwwuwwuuBuffalo Pasture - This meadow is on the left when headed north. Philmontmaintains a herd of about 100. Each year a number of yearlings areslaughtered to become partof themenu at Camping Headquarters andPTC.Mule deerandpronghorn antelope areoften visible along the road.CimarronVisualOmnl-DlrectionalRadioStation(VOR) - Thewhite toweronthesmall butte eastof the roadIs partof an International navigational system forpilots. Each station hasadistinct signal thatplanes usetolocate theirposition.Commercial planes flying overtheareaarefollowing theCimarron VOR signal.StoneJall-Thissmall rockstructure wasbuiltIn1872 andused asthecounty jail.It onlyhasoneroom andwassurrounded bya highrockwall, almost astallasthe building.Aztec Grist MIII- This three-story stone structure wasbuilt by Maxwell In 1860,during the earliest days of the Cimarron Ranch. It was used to Issue grainrations totheUtesandJicarilla Apache Indians. TheCSRanch purchased theproperty Inthemid-1930's to raise polohorses. It's nowa museum owned bythe CS (Charles Springer) Cattle Company. UteIs pronounced as You-t andJicarilla Is pronounced as Hlc-are-ree-yah.St. James Hotel-Thishotel Isonthe National Register of Historic Places. It wasbuilt by French-born Henry Lambert, who was once the personal chef forGeneral Ulysses S.Grant andPresident Lincoln. Theoriginal structure Isnowthe formal dining room, built In 1873. This room was known as "Lambert'sSaloon andGambling Hall" andtwenty-six men areknown to have been killedhere. Twenty bulletholesarestilivisible Intheceiling today. Thehotel portionwascompleted in 1880, andthecurrent name wasselected.Being thatCimarron wasaprinciple stopping point along theSanta FeTrail, thehotel had a successful business. Prominent visitors along the trail Includedgunman ClayAllison; trainrobber BlackJackKetchum; Buffalo BillCody andAnnie Oakley of "WildWest Show" fame; Territorial Governor LewWallace;zane Grey, outlaws of the era...BatMasterson andJesseJames.Numerous ghosts havebeen sighted inthehotel. Room #18waswhere JamesWrightwas murdered one nightIn 1881. He waskilledaftera heated pokergameInwhich hewonthehotelIna bet.wuuuuuSpringer House - This house Is located directly east of the St. James. Thestructure was built in 1854 and was originally known as the National Hotelbefore being forced outof business byHenry Lambert. AtonetimeEdSpringerlivedthere. Springer successfully defended theMaxwell Land Grant Companyin theUSSupreme Court, confirming the company's solepossession of morethan1,750,000 acres.Siteof the MaxwellHouse- Themansion waslocated between theSt.James andthe Cimarron River. In 1870, Maxwell sold It to English businessmen whoestablished the Maxwell Land Grant Company and turned the house Into anelegant headquarters for thecompany. It burned down In 1923.OATC STAFF FIELOBOOK 97 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Cimarron River - An English holding company, trying to sell homesteads on theMaxwell grant, pictured the Cimarron River as having steamboats in apromotional brochure. Cimarron means "wild" or "untamed:Village of Cimarron - Cimarron's elevation Is 6400 feet above sea level. Itspopulation is approximately 700. Theareawas known to be a safe-haven forrustlers and outlaws traveling nearby. Originally the town plaza waslocatedeastbehind the St.James Hotel andneartheold DahlBrother's Trading Post.ThemainIndustries of Cimarron are lumbering, ranching, andtourism.CimarronPublic Schools - Theschools werefeatured ontheCBS morning newsIn 1976for having one of thefirstfour-day school schedules Inthe U.S. Thesystem wasdesigned to cutfuelbills,cut transportation costs, as wellas givestudents andteachers a longweekend. TheCimarron School District extendsallthewayoutto Eagle Nest, Angel Fire,and Blacklake townships.MaverickClub - Thislocalmen's clubhasheldan annual rodeo onJuly4th since1923. In 1935, afterthesuccess ofthefirstCimarron PoloShow, WaitePhillipsgavethe Club20 acres for a rodeo arena and polofield.Low GradeCoal Deposits - Remnants of old coal mines can be seen along theCimarron Canyon. There arealsoOil-impregnated shale deposits to befoundin the canyon as well.Theyarepartofthe ·VermeJo formation."Routeof Railroad and Original Road - Thehighway covers theold railroad thatwas for the St. louis, Rocky Mountain and Pacific Railroad. This trackconnected withthe Santa Fe Railroad in Raton. Planned in 1893byThomasP. Harlan, thefirsttraindidnotrollIntoCimarron until 1906. Therailroad wasmeant to takesupplies to Baldy Town andbring out gold. It terminated at UtePark, fifteen miles up the Cimarron Canyon, although plans were made toextend It to the Pacific Coast.Gauging Station - On the south side of the highway, just before the Philmontboundary, thegauging station measures theflowofwaterthrough theCimarronRiver. The concrete building givesthe first treatment to water carried In afourteen-Inch pipeto Raton for Itsreserve supply.Turkey Creek Canyon - A canyon to the north, just past the gauging station Isknown asTurkey Creek Canyon. Thehideout of BlackJackKetchum Isupthiscanyon. BlackJackKetchum wasanoted memberoftheWildBunch gangandan outlaw, specializing Intrainrobbery. Manylawmen attempted hiscapture,butnonesucceeded Inbringing himto Justice. Finally, a Pinkerton agentwassent here to seek him out. The Pinkerton agency was a respected privateinspection company of the era. Supposedly, as the agentstopped along thecanyons to waterhis horses, hewould carve BlackJack'sfaceon the rocks,then shootoff the nose with his gun. A carved face Is outside the PhilmontMuseum andSeton Memorial Ubrarynow. Whileattempting a train robbery In1899, Ketchum wascaught. Hewashanged In Clayton. NewMexico.WS Ranch Cimarron HQ - The WS ranch (also known as Vermejo Park) wasowned by Pennzoll and is approximately 500,000 acres. Much of It wasrecently purchased byTedTurner. Themain headquarters oftheVermejo ParkOATC STAFFFIELDBOOK 98 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuRanch is at Vermejo Park, NewMexico located 40miles westof Raton. Otherlocalranches include theCSRanch, theW BarRanch, theChase Ranch, andPhilmont. All were originally partof the Maxwell Land Grant. Vermejo Park ispronounced Ver-mey-ho Park.Chase Ranch- This ranch was started by Manly Chase in the 1880's. GeneralLewWallace, oneofNewMexico's territorial governors andauthor of Ben Hur,wasa good friend of Chase andspent considerable timeat thisranch. Todaytheranch Isowned andoperated bya female descendant ofthe Chase family.Cimarron and NorthwesternRailroad- Theroad to Ponll follows thelineof thisrailroad. At times It can be seen running parallel to the road; it crosses PonllCreek manytimes. Therailroad first ran-up the North Ponil to Seaily Canyonthenit waspulled outandranto Pueblano IntheSouth Ponll. Therailroad wasbuiltin 1907, mainly for hauling timber from Philmont's north country for mineprops In the coal mines around Raton and Dawson, a town south of Raton.Mine props weregeneraily cut from red spruce or ponderosa pine. Loggingcrews cut trees for lumber and railroad ties for the Santa Fe Railroad. Therailroad stopped running In 1928. Raton is pronounced as Rat-tone.WS Ranch- Theroad passes through partof theirland.Coal Mines - The remains of two old coal mines can be seen nearthe ChaseRanch HQoneoneach sideoftheroad. Seams oflow-grade coalcanbeseenin road cuts.Valle Vidal Unit of the Carson National Forest - The 100,000 acreValle VidalwaspartoftheWSRanch before being donated totheUSgovernment In1982by the Pennzoll Company. The Valle Vidal borders Philmont to the northaround Dan Beard camp. TheBoyScouts usefourstaffed camps IntheValleVidal: Ring Place, Rich Cabins, Seally Canyon and Iris Park. Thisarea sawvast usage through the years as logging communities, ranch land, andhomesteads. Vaile Vidal Ispronounced Vahyay Vee-dal and Is interpreted asbeautiful or lush valley.Little Costilla Peak (12,584 ft) - Northeast of Philmont, Little Costilla Is In theValleVidal. Higher than Baldy, it can be seen from Sioux Camp, Dan Beard,andpeaks andridges across Philmont. Costilla Ispronounced asCost-tee-yah.uuuuwuuuwuNorth Ponll Canyon - Like manyof the canyons in this area, this was loggedduring theearly partofthls century. Archaeological sRes found Inthiscanyonindicate thatIndian people livedherefrom 400A.D. through 1400A.D. Theirdiet consisted of wild food plants, game, corns, beans, squash. A floodIrrigation system watered plants. Dally activities otherthan farming Includedweaving baskets, pottery, and constructing underground pit houses to live.Rock pictures (petroglyphs) pecked Into the canyon wails can stili be seentoday. Indian Writings staff camp offers an archaeology dig, tour of thepetroglyphs andpit-house.Tyrannosaurus rex Footprint - Halfway between Six-Mile Gate and AnasazlCamp, onthe South sideof the North Ponll, Istheonlyknown fossilized trackmade bytheT. rexdinosaur. Thishind"footprint- wasdiscovered In 1983 byOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 99 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Charles Pillmore, a research geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey InDenver. While mapping geology In northeastern New Mexico. Pillmorediscovered thetrack, anddeemed thatthe sandstone blockit wasonfellfroma higherledge. ThetrackIsprobably 65 to 70million years old,when theareawasa vegetated wetland mudflat, dominated by palm treesand ferns. MuchImportant scientific Information has been gleaned from the track. Includingknowledge of the foot structure and the T rex. range. A number of specialcircumstances came together to create the print, Including the dinosaur'sweight and speed (estimated at six to seven mph), the mud'scondition, andsubsequent flooding. T rex. usually grows to60feetlong(two stories high) and8000·12000 pounds. Thediscovery wasdocumented in 1994in Ichnos. vol.3. no. 3, pp213-218 where the printwasnamed Tyrannosaurlpus plllmorelinhonorof Plllmore.PenltenteCanyon- A graveyard at the mouth of this canyon, as wellas a smallchapel, wereused bythe Penltentes. Theywerea religious brotherhood thatoriginated Inthe 1700's.Graveyard Canyon- Several headstones at the mouth of this canyon mark thegraves of Spanish settlers. The ruinsof an old chapel are alsovisible. TheMiddle andNorth Ponll Canyons haveyielded the remains of about30settlersandNative Americans.Ponll Canyon- ThePonilis a knee-high bushy shrub withfeathery whiteblooms,alsoknown as Apache Plume. Thewallsof the canyon are beach andbasindeposits fromthe Cretaceous andTertiary Periods (25-90 million years ago).Theyarepartof a huge sandstone beltextending IntoColorado.Archeology Site - Just before Ponll, directly across from the horse feeding rack,there exists a small archaeological site dating from about 1100 AD. TheIndians farmed cornin thebottom canyonlands, nearthis site.Ponll Camp -This camp was the original base-camp for the Phllturn RockyMountain Scoutcamp, from 1938-41. Thedining halland cantina/trading post,along withotherstructures throughout the canyon arefromthe original era ofPhllturn. Thearea wasonce called FivePoints because five canyons (MiddlePonll, Ponll, South Ponll. Cedar andHorse) Junction at this point.Bent Camp - was named afterCharles Bent, a friend of Beaubien and a fourthpartner Inthehugelandgrant. Heandhis brother builtthefamous Bent's Fortalong theSanta FeTrailInColorado. Bentbecame thefirstAmerican governorof theTerritory of NewMexico butwaskilled, along withBeaubien's son,IntheTaosuprising of January of 1847. TaosIs pronounced as Ta-oh-s.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 100 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

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Waite Phillip's Eplgrams-WILDERNESS QUOTES• The onlythings we keep permanent arethose wegiveaway.• The manwhonever makes mistakes never makes much of anything.• What is important Iswhat youlearn afterthinking youknow it all.• Achievement consists ofdoing useful things thatmost people saycannot bedone.• A mancanfailmany times butheisn'ta failure untilhebegins to blame someoneelse.• Some of the essentials of happiness are some things to do, someone to love,and something to hope for.• The trouble with manyof us is that we would rather be ruined by flattery andpraise thensaved byhonest criticism.• We should allrealize thatevery rightimplies aresponsibility, every opportunity anobligations, every position a duty, and that the most effective sermon isexpressed in deeds Instead of words.• Being goodIs commendable, butonlywhen it is combined withdoing good is ituseful.• Nothing worthwhile was ever accomplished without the will to start, theenthusiasm tocontinue and, regardless oftemporary obstacles thepersistenceto complete.Waite Phillip's official announcement of his gifts to theScouting movement:January 1942InvieWing conditions today, I amimpressed withtheresponsibility ofthisgenerationto adequately trainItsyouth-physically, mentally, andmorally-to meettheproblemsthey face In the future. It Is my opinion that nothing can be more valuable to thisgeneration than to enlarge this Scouting program, which develops Initiative, selfreliance,anddependability.It has always been mybeliefthat thebestcontribution to thatkind of developmentis by livingclose to nature andthrough learning to liveInthe great out-of-doors. ItIsalsomybeliefthattheromance, history, andtraditions ofthe country Inwhich theranch is located will contribute much toward perpetuating American idealism andpatriotism among boys from all parts of America andIt Itswiththese thoughts thatI felt compelled to furnish an endowment so thatall BoyScouts and their leadersnowtotalingapprOXimately 1,500,OOO·would have an equalopportunity to participate.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 101 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

To summarize is to say...theproper training of theAmerican boyis today the mosturgent dutyofthe American adult...theBoyScouts ofAmerica hasthemostefficientplan andorganization to do such work•..the environment of a welldeveloped Mountain Ranch is thebestplaceto achievethis objective.E. Urnsr Goodman's Epigrams• TheOrderof theArrow Is a thing of the Individual rather than of the mass. Inourscheme, each Individual Isimportant. Thishasalways been stressed InourOrder. Indeed, certain of ourceremonies weredeveloped withparticular boysInmind. Thevery Ideals of brotherhood, cheerfulness andservice spring to lifein the f1esh-and-blood appearance of realIndividuals. Yes, In the Ordereachmember IsImportant, forwhateachonedoescounts Inestablishing theOrder'ssuccess.• TheOrderoftheArrow Isa thingof theoutdoors rather thantheIndoors. It wasborn In an Island wilderness. It needs the sun and rain, the woods and theplains, thewaters andthe starlitsky.• We have a quality Job to do to secure genuine camping that produces selfrelianceIntheIndividual camper. Foroutof lifeIntheopen comes aprecariousIngredient which our country and any country needs If It Is to survlve...selfreliancethatmakes menstrong In anytimeof stress.• The Order of the Arrow Is a thing of the spirit rather than of mechanics.Organizations, operational procedure, andparaphernalia arenecessary Inanylarge and growing movement. but they are not what count in the end. Thethings of the spiritcount.• Brotherhood - In a daywhen thereIstoo much hatred at home andabroad.• Cheerfulness - In a daywhen the pessimists have thefloor.• Service -In adaywhen millions areInterested onlyIngetting or grasping ratherthangiving.• These areof the spirit, blessed of God. the greatDivine spirit.Thesuccess oftheOrderdepends onwhateach Individual doesInhisinmaking theOrderof theArrow Ideals effective. To reach ourgoals of service. you must:Nevergiveup yourdreams of highadventure.Never giveup yourdream of greatand distinct personal service.Never giveup yourdream girl whocan mean so much Inyourlife.Never giveup yourdreams of theInfinite God.If youkeepall these dreams, thentheywill ultimately come true.-1954 NOAC Closing AddressOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 102 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

The Opportunities and responsibilities of Arrowmen:Firstwe have a responsibility to ourselves. We mustalways setthe example andlookfora chance to serve.Second, we have a responsibility to our local units, especially in our campingprogram.Third Is the opportunity to bring local lodge practices Into harmony with Scoutingmethods.And fourth, Is to the council. Each lodge must promote camping. help withceremonies, andspecial events, andgenerally provide service.Wes KJussmanDirector of Camping, BSA1950NOAC"Wearegathered heretogether Inthemidst of thisgreat forestunderneath the stars above us; Gathered nowto help and serve. Cheerfully Inallouractions, Lovingly Inourreflections. As thesmoke curls, winding upward, Mayourthoughts andactions rising fill usall with acts of goodness and direct andruleandguide usIn ourwork andthoughts thisevening."Ordeal Cel8monyAll Purpose QuotesSome think that happiness comes from getting. others know thatIt comes fromgiving.Baden PowellwwwwwwTheculture andcivilization ofthewhite man areessentially material; hismeasureof success Is "How much property have I acquired for myself? " Theculture oftheredman is fundamentally spiritual: hismeasure of success Is. "How much servicehave I rendered to mypeople?- Hismode oflife.histhought, hisevery actaregivenspiritual significance, approached andcolored with complete realization ofthe spiritworld.EmestThompson SetonThe Gospel of the RedmanSomething to do,something to think about, something to enjoy Inthewoods, witha view always tocharacter-building, formanhood. notscholarship, Isthefirst aim ofeducation.EmestThompson SetonIntroduction to thethirdedition of theBirch Balk Roll, 1904We losemuch byfearing to attempt.J.N. MaffittOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 103 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Tworoads diverged In a yellow woodAndsorryI couldn't travel bothAndbe onetraveler I stoodAndlooked down oneas far as I couldTo where it bentin the undergrowth.Then tookthe otherjust as fairAndhaving perhaps the betterclaimBecause It wasgrassy andwanted claimThough as far thatthe passing thereHadwomthem really aboutthe same.Andboththatmomlng equally layIn leaves no stepandtrodden blackOh,I keptthe firstfor another daylYetknowing howwayleadson to wayI doubted If I should evercome back.I shall be telling thiswitha sighSomewhere agesandageshence:Tworoads diverged in a wood, andI tooktheonelesstraveledAndthathas made all the difference.RobertFrostThewoods are lovely, darkanddeep.But I havepromises to keepAndmilesto go before I sleepAndmilesto go before I sleepRobertFrostWe mustattempt a totalsurrender to whatever atmosphere Is offering Itselfat themoment. In a squalid town to seek out those places where Its squalor rises togrimness, almost grandeur. Ona dismal dayto find the mostdismal anddrippingwood; on a windydayto seek outthewindiest ridge.......C.S. LewisI am gladthat I shall neverbe young without wild country to beyoung in. Of whatavail are fortyfreedoms without a blankspoton the map?Aida LeopoldSociety speaks andall menlisten, mountains speakandwisemenlisten.JohnMuirWalk awayquietly In any direction and taste the freedom of the mountaineer....Climb themountains andgettheirgoodtidings. Nature's peace willflowintoyoulikesunshine flows Intothetrees. Thewinds willblowtheirfreshness Intoyou, andthestorms theirenergy. whilecares willdropoff like autumn leaves.JohnMuirOATCSTAFFFIELOBOOK 104 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

UI am always glad to touch the living rock again. And dip my hand in the highmountain air.John MuirGoing to the mountains is going home.John MuirAt the endof theopen road wecome to ourselves.Louis SimpsonUUUUUUDiscover whom youtruly are,onlythen willyoubefree. Others mayattempt to placetheirmaskoveryoureyes, butyou arethe onewhoputsIt on.AnonymousAll thatglitters Is not gold. All those whowander arenotlost.ShakespeareYou were willing to test your strength, and your faithfulness has made yousuccessful."AnonymousYoucannotstayon thesummit forever. Youhave to come down anyway. Sowhybother in thefirst place? Justthis: Whatis above knows whatis below. ButwhatIs below doesnot know whatIsabove. Oneclimbs, onesees, onedescends. Onesees nolonger, butonehasseen. There Isanartofconducting oneselfInthelowerregions. Bythe memory of whatone sawhigherup.When onecan seeno longeronecan at least stili know.AnonymousTherehasbeen a constant movement of soliaway from thehighground andwhatremains Is likethe skeleton of a bodyemaciated by disease. All the rich soli hasmelted away, leaving a country of skinandbone. Originally themountains ...wereheavily forested. Fine trees produced timber suitable for roofing the largestbUildings; the roofs hewn from this timber are stili In existance. The countryproduced boundless feed forcaUle, there aresome mountains which hadtrees notsoverylong ago,thatnowhavenothing butbeepastures. Theannual rainfall wasnot lost as It Is nowthrough being allowed to runoverthe denuded surface to thesea,Itwasabsorbed bytheground andstored...thedrainage...wascollected...anddischarged... as springs and rivers with abundant flow and a wide territorialdistribution. Shrines remain at the sources of dried upwater sources asa witnessto this.Plato (427to 347B.C.)on theAttica regionof theMediterranean.Today the"open road" Isasixlanehighway, defaced withbillboards andbeercans.Open space Isvanishing, butourneed forfreedom to breathe pure air,climb rockytrailsandobserve thetiniest creature persists. From a sleeping bagon highopenground, youget a fresh viewof theworld.AnonymousOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 105 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Where thereseems nowaytogo,goanyway. Don'tbeputoffbywhat youcan'tsee. Getupanyway which way-scramble on hands and knees, ditching yourpride,slide along the bottom for a stretch, clutch at roots. but keep going on. Once upthere you can lookbackto the pathway youhavecleared, thatwill make it easiernext timeyouclimb. Climbing is often notjustforthe music, butfortheInbetween,.The lightsanddarks, the patterns of touchmake it a ritual-a tradition by now, andyetyoucan neverduplicate the climb; every timeIs the firsttime.EveMenianOncein a while you find a placeon earth that becomes your very own. A placeundefined. Waiting for you to bring your color, your self. A place untouched,unspoiled, undeveloped. Raw, honest, haunting. Noone,nothing Is tellingyou howto feel or who to be. Let the mountains have you for aday......SundanceNowI seethesecretof making thebestpersons, It Isto grow Intheopen airandeatandsleep withthe earth.Walt WhitmanOneof the best paying professions Is getting a hold of pieces of country In yourmind, learning theirsmellandtheirmoods, sorting outthepieces ofaview, decidingwhatgrows thereandthereandwhy, howmanysteps thathiliwilltake, where thiscreek windsand where it meets the otherone below, whatelevation timberline Isnow, whether you can walk this reef at low tide or have to climb around, whichcontour lines on a map meanbettercliffs, or mountains. This Is the best kind ofownership, andthemostpermanent. Itfeelsgoodto say"I knowtheAppalachians,ortheSierras, orPhilmont" Butofcourse youdon't-what youknow better Isyourself,andPhilmont has helped.O.T.L.To laugh oftenandlovemuch;To win respect of Intelligent persons andthe affection of children;To earnthe approbation of honest critics andendure thebetrayal of falsefriends:To appreciate beauty:To findthe best in others:To giveof one's self:To leave the world a bit better.Whether by a healthy child, a garden patchor a redeemed social condition:To have played andlaughed withenthusiasm andsungwithexultation:To knowevenonelife has breathed easierbecause you have lived­ThisIs to havesucceeded.AnonymousWell he's sitting on a mountain In NewMexico.Wondering abouthis life andwhere he should go.There's a birdfloating pasthimso gracefUl andfree.Hesays boyof the mountains won'tyou listen to me.DavidGo/dOenOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 106 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uuuuuSomehow I can'tbelieve therearemany heights that can'tbescaled bya manwhoknows the secret of making dreams come true. This special secret can besummarized infourC's.Theyarecuriosity, confidence, courage andconstancy, andthegreatest ofthese is confidence. When youbelieve a thing, believe it alltheway.Haveconfidence inyourabillty to do it right. Andworkhard to dothebestpossiblejob.Walt DisneyAll paths leadnowhere, so it Is important to choose a patch thathasheart.Carlos CastenedaIf thesemountains die,where will ourImagination wander?If themesaareleveled, whatwillsustain usInoutquestto belarger thanlife?If thehighvalleyismade mundane byself-seekers andcareless users, where willwefindanother landscape so eagerto nourish our lover?AndIfthelong-time people of thiswonderful country arecarelessly squandered byprogress, whowill guide us to a better world?John Nichols, inIf Mountains DieLiveas to dietomorrow. Learn as to liveforever.Isadore of SevilleI would rether sit alone on a pumpkin thanon a crowded velvet cushion.Henry David ThoreauPatience is the companion of Wisdom.St. AugustineuHappiness Isa butterfly, which when pursued, Isalways justbeyond your grasp. Butwhich If youwill sitdown quietly, mayalight upon you.Nathaniel Hawthorne.To laughIs to riskappearing the fool.To weep Isto riskappearing sentimental.To reach outfor another Isto riskinvolvement.To expose feelings is to riskexposing ourtrueself.To placeyourIdeas, yourdreams, before the crowd Isto riskloss.To loveIs to risknotbeing loved In return.To live Isto risk dying.To hopeIsto riskdespair.To try all Is to riskfailure.Butto riskwe must, because the greatest hazard Inlife,Isto risknothing.The man, thewoman, whorisksnothing, doesnothing,has nothing, is nothing.RlchalflBachLearning Isfinding outwhatyoualready know.Doing is demonstrating thatyouknow it.Teaching is reminding others thattheyknow just aswellas you.Youare all learners, doers, teachers.Rlchslfl BachOATC STAFF FIELOBOOK 107 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Argue for yourlimitations and sure enough, they're yours.Richard BachWinning Isnottheresult of a privileged environment or having a highla, a superioreducation or an unusual talent, or Is it a matter of luck. They key to winning isattitude.AnonymousI expect to passthiswaybut once;anygood therefore that I cando,or anykindness thatI can show toanyfellow creature, let medo It now.Letmenotdeferor neglect it,ForI shallnot passthiswayagain.Etinne GrelletTheplace to Improve theworld isfirstInone'sownheartandhead and hands andthen workoutward from there.RobeltPirsigI have been toldwithsome regularity thatby walking out andaway I am"escapingfrom reality." I admit thatthe question putsmeon thedefensive. Why, I askmyselfare people so ready to assume that chilled champagne Is more real than waterdrawn from anlce-cold mountain creek? Oradustysidewalk thana carpet ofdesertdandelions? Or a Boeing 707 than a flight of graceful white pelicans soaring Inunison against sunrise? Why,Inotherwords, do people assume thattheactsandemotions andvalues that stem from thecity lifearemorerealthanthose that arisefromthe beauty andthe silence andthe solitude of wilderness?Colin FletcherIt is not the critic who counts, not the man who points out how the strong manstumbled or where the doerof deeds could have donebetter.Thecredit belongs to themanwhoIsactually Inthearena; whose faceIsmarred bydustand sweat andblood; whostrives valiantly who errs, and comes short againand again-who knows the great enthusiasms the greatdevotions In the end thetriumph of highachievement andattheworst, If hefalls, atleastfallsgreatly sothathis place shall never bewiththose timidsouls whoknow neither victory nordefeat.Theodore RooseveltThere Is more to lifethanIncreasing it's speed.GhsndlI feel...We could be happy In the mountains.Everybody Is talking about the place of theirdream,where theycan find peace of mind.I'm notsure, but I thinkIt seemsI've finally found mine.....in the mountains.HoytAKtonOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 108 PHILMONTSCOUTRANCH

Hethat riseth latemusttrotall day.Benjamin FranklinIf youwantto be a leader act likeone.Rudyard KiplingOneof the secrets of life is to make stepping stones outof stumbling blocks.JackPennForourevery action, we must consider its Impact onthe nextseven generations.Iroquois Confederation CounciluuwEarning a living Is life'smeans, notlife'send.Huston SmithOne'shappiness depends lesson whathe knows than onwhathe feels.UbertyHyde BaileyWith beauty before me,mayI walkWith beauty behind me,mayI walkWith beauty above me,mayI walkWith beauty below me, mayI walkWith beauty all around me,mayI walkWandering on a trail of beauty. lively, I walk.Navajo IndiansMyheartif tuned to the quietness thatthe stillness of nature inspires.Hazrat Inayat KhanFolkswonder howI've keptso young. I'm almost seventy-seven and I can stiligoovera gateor runa foot-race or kickthechandelier. That's because mybody is noolderthan mymind - andmymind Isadolescent. Ithasnever grown up.It never will,I hope. I'mas InqUisitive as I waseight.LutherBurbankNothing is so contagious as enthuslasm...1t is the genius of sincerity, and truthaccomplishes no victories without It.Bulwer-LyttonuwwwwwNo matterhowwetandcoldyouare,you're always warmanddryon the Inside.Woodman's AdageIf thedoors of perception werecleansed, everything would beseen asit is, infinite.WilHam BlakeHoly Earth Mother, the trees and all nature are witnesses of your thoughts anddeeds.Winnebago IndiansUt....JOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK109PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Youcan preach a bettersermon withyourlifethanwithyourlips.Napoleon BonaparteMen takeonlytheirneeds intoconsideration, nevertheirabilities.Napoleon BonaparteThere are many people that we meet In our lives but only very few will make alasting Impression on our minds andhearts. It Is thesepeople thatwe willthinkofoften andwhowill always remain important to us as truefriends.Richard BackmanYouarenever given awishwithout alsobeing given thepower tomake Itcome true.Richard BackmanMost of us askfor advice when we know the answer butwantadifferent one.Venn BallWe cannot become whatweneed to be by remaining whowe are.Max DuPreeTheonlywayto have a friend is to beone.Ralph Waldo EmersonSuccess Is not measured In the heights oneattains but Inthe obstacles oneovercomes InIts attainment.BookerT. WashingtonHewhogiveswhen asked haswaited too long.Luclous Annaeus SenecaSuccess isto bemeasured notbywealth, power, or fame, butbythe ratio betweenwhata manIs andwhathe might be.H.G. WellsYouwillfind,asyoulookbackInyourlife,thatthe moments thattrulystand out,themoments Inwhich youreally lived, arethe moments youhavedonesomething Inthe spiritof love.Henry DrummondThehighest of distinction is service to others.King GeolT1e VIBlessed arethosethatcan givewithout remembering andtakewithout forgetting.Elizabeth BfbescoI feelthatthe greatest reward for doing Is the opportunity to do more.JonasSalkThelifeworth living Is thegiving for thegood of others.BookerT. WashingtonOATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 110 PHILMONTSCOUTRANCH

A stumble mayprevent a fall.English ProveroAnyone canholdthe helm when the seaIscalm.Pubillus SyrusuuuuwBepatient witheveryone, but above all, yourself.St. Francis De SalesYou can discover more about a person In an hour of play than In a year ofconversation.PlatoIf youthinkyoucan,youcan. If youthink youcan't, youareright.Mary K. AshTo follow, without halt, oneaim: there Is thesecret of success.AnnPavolaIf andwhen youhavereached the mountaintop. then you shall begin to climb.Kahfif GibranThereIs no top.thereis onlytheotherside.Kyle TayloruuI shallprobably be proud of my humilityBenjamin FranklinThose whom the Godswish to destroy, theyfirst make bored.IanFlemingConfucius said, To govern Isto be correct. If yousetan example bybeing correct,whowould dareremain incorrect?Confucian AnalectsManIs bornto liveandnotto prepare to live.Borls PasternakChinese Proverbs:I hearandI forget. I seeand I remember. I do andI understand.Useeverything for yourlearning, upllftment. andgrowth.Everyone hasa talent. Therealthing Isto follow thattalent to thedarkplacewhereIt leads.life Is choices: always choose to do whatyouwill remember tenyears from now.Being good Is Important. being trusted is essential.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 111 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Effort: Lifedoesnotrequire us to be the biggest or the best, onlythatwe try.Success: We cannot directthewind but wecan adjust thesails.Courage: In the end, theonlypeople thatfail arethose thatdid not try.Goals: Faraway, there inthesunshine, aremyhighest aspirations. I maynotreachthem, but I can lookup and seetheirbeauty, believe Inthem, andtry to followwhere theylead.Attitude: The pleasure youget from yourlife Is equal to theattitude youput Intoit.Serenity: In the race to be better or bestdo not missthejoy of being.Seasons: Every season of ourlivesholda beauty all Its own.Risk: Theloftieryourgoals, thehigheryourrisk,the greater yourglory.n11nnnnTeam: Together everyone achieves more.Teamwork: Teamwork Istheability to worktogether toward a common vision. Theability to directIndividual accomplishment toward organizational goals. Itis thefuelthatallows common people to attain uncommon results.Determination: Theraceis notalways swlft....but to those thatkeep on running.Leadership: Thespeed of the leaderdetermines therateof the pack.Risk: Youcan never discover newoceans unless you have the courage to loosesightof the shore.Effort: Some people dream ofworthy accomplishments while others stayawake anddo them.Attitude: Attitude is thelittlething that makes a big difference.Success: Success Is a joumey, nota destination.Adversity: So not fearthe winds of adversity. Remember, a kite rises against thewindratherthanwithit.OATC STAFF FIELOBOOK 112 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

The Philmont Rangers were Issued a small mirror in the 1960's with thefollowing poem on the back, literally for personal reflection.I....JI....JUI....JUThe Manin the GlassWhenyougetwhatyouwantIn yourstruggle through lifeAnd the world makes you kingfor a day,Justgo to a mirror andlookat yourselfAndseewhatthemanhasto say.Forit isn'tyoufather, mother, coach, orwifeWhose judgement on youmustpass.Thefellowwhose verdict counts mostInyourlifeIs the one staring backfromtheglass.Youmaybe likeJackHomerandchisel a plumAndthinkyou're a wonderful guyButthe manIn the glasssaysyou're onlya bumIf you can'tlookhimstraight in the eye.He'sthe fellow to please, nevermind all the restFor he'swithyourightup to theend,Andyou'vepassed yourmostdangerous difficult testIf the manin the glassis yourfriend.Youmayfoolall theworld downthrough the years,And get patson the backas youpassButyourfinalreward will be heartaches andtearsIf you have cheated the Manin the Glass.uuuuThe Starfish StoryThere wasa manwholivedalong theocean. Onemorning at 5 amwhen hecouldsleep no longer, hedecided to takea walk along thebeach. Itwasa foggy morningandthefirstraysof thesunwereslipping above the horizon. Themanenjoyed thewalk. It wasIfthebeach belonged to him. Heglanced down on thebeach andsawfigurethatseemed to bedancing. Hewondered whyanyone would beonbeach soearly. Hiscuriosity caused himto quicken hispace. As hedrewnearer, herealizedthat the figure was that of a young man. He was not dancing; he was throwingsomething Intothe water. As he drewvery close, the oldermanrealized thattheyounger man was picking starfish off the beach and tossing them backinto thewater."Whyareyouthrowing thestarfish Inthewater? "theolderman asked. "The tideIs going out, the sunis rising, andthestarfish thatarelefton thebeach will surelydie,"wasthe young man'sresponse, continuing histask. "Butthat'ssuch a wasteof time and energyl There are so many starfish and there are miles and miles ofbeach. What difference does It make?" Questioned the man. The young manthought for a moment. He reached down and picked up a starfish, and said, "Itmakes a difference to thisone"UI....JI....JI....JOATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 113 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

From the book Chicken Soup for the SoulThe Martydom of AndyAndy was a sweet, amusing lillie boy whom everyone liked but harassed, justbecause thatwas the way one treated Andy Drake. He tookthe kidding well. Healways smiled back with those greatbigeyesthatseemed tosay, "Thank you, thankyou, thank you," witheach sweeping blink.For us fifth-graders, Andy was our outlet; he was our whipping boy. He evenseemed grateful to paythis special pricefor membership Inourgroup.Andy Drake don'teat no cake,Andhis sisterdon'teatno pie.If It wasn't for thewelfare dollar,Allthe Drakes would die.Andy even appeared to like this sing-song parody of Jack Spratt. The rest of usreally enjoyed It, bad grammar andall.I don't know why Andy had to endure this special treatment to deserve ourfriendship and membership In the group. It just evolved naturally - no vote ordiscussion.I don'trecall thatit wasevermentioned thatAndy's fatherwasInprison orthatthismother took In washing and men. Or that Andy's ankles, elbows and fingernailswere always dirtyandhisoldcoatwaswaytoobig.We soon woreallthefunoutofthat. Andy neverfought back.Snobbery blossoms Inthevery young, I guess. It's clearnowthegroup attitude wasthat it was our right to belong to the groupbut that Andy was a member by oursufferance.Despite that,weall likedAndyuntilthatday-untilthatverymoment."He's dlfferenU" "Wedon'twanthim,dowe?"Which oneof us saidit? I'vewantedto blame Randolph all these years, but I can'thonesUy saywhosaidthose triggerwords thatbrought outthe savagery lyingdormant butsonearthesurface In all ofus. It doesn't matter who,for thefervor withwhich wetookup the cry revealed usall. I didn'twantto do whatwe did.For years I triedto console myself with that. Then one day, I stumbled on thoseunwelcome but Irrefutable words thatconvicted meforever:The hottest corners of hell arereserved for thoseWho, during a moment of crisis,maintain theirneutrality.Theweekend wastobelikeothers thegrouphadenjoyed together. Afterschool ona Friday wewould meetat the home of oneof the members - mine thistime- foracampout-out Inthenearby woods. Ourmothers. whodidnone ofthepreparation forthese "safaris," fixed an extra packfor Andywhowasto Join us afterchores.OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 114 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

uuuuuuUI.JuuuWe quickly made camp, mothers' apron strings forgoUen with individual courageamplified bythegroups, wewerenowMmen"against thejungle. Theothers toldmethat sinceit as my party, I should be the oneto giveAndy the newsl Me? I whohad long believed that Andy secretly thought a little moreof me than he did theothers because of the puppy-like way he looked at me? I who often felt himrevealing his loveandappreciated withthose huge, wide-open eyes.I can stili plainly see Andy as he came toward me down the long, dark tunnel oftreesthat leaked onlyenough of the lateafternoon lightto kaleidoscope changingpaUerns on his soiled old sweatshirt. Andy wason his rusty, one-of-a-klnd bike- agirl's model with sections of garden hose wired to the rimsfor tires. He appearedexcited andhappier than I hadeverseen him,thisfralllltUe guywhohad been anadult all his life. I knewhe was savoring the acceptance by the group, this firstchance to belong, to have Mboy fun," to do Mboy things. MAndywaved to measI stood Inthecamp clearing awaiting him. I Ignored hishappygreeting. Hevaulted offthefunny oldbikeandtrotted overtoward me,fullofjoyandconversation. The others, concealed within the tent, were quiet but I felt theirsupport.Whywon'thegetserious? Can'theseethatI amnotreturning hisgaiety? Can't hesee by nowthat his babbllngs aren'treaching me?Thensuddenly he did seel Hisinnocent countenance opened even more, leavinghim totally vulnerable. Hiswholedemeanor said, It's going to beverybad Isn't' It,Ben? Let'shaveit." Undoubtedly well-practiced Infacing disappointment, hedidn'teven brace for the blow. Andy neverfought back. Incredulously, I heard myself."Andy, we don'twantyou"Hauntinglyvivid stillIsthestunning quickness withwhich twohuge tearssprang intoAndy's eyes andjust stayed there. Vivid because of a million maddening reruns ofthatsceneinmymind. ThewayAndylooked at me- frozen foraneternal momentwhatwasit?It wasn'thate. Wasit shock? Wasit disbelief? Or,wasIt pity- forme?Orforgiveness?I.JUuuuuuuuuFinally, a fleetllUle tremor broke across Andy's lipsandhe turned without appeal,or even a question, to make the long, lonely trip home In the dark.As I entered the tent, someone - the last one of us to feel the full weight of themoment - started the old doggerel:Andy Drake don'teatno cake,Andhis sisterdon't...It wasunanimousl Novotetaken, nowordspoken, butweall knew. We knew thatwehaddonesomething horribly, cruelly wrong. Wewereswept overby thedelayedimpact of dozens of lessons and sermons. We heard for thefirsttime, "lnesmuchas ye do It untothe leastof these....Inthathushed heavy moment, wegained anunderstanding newtousbutincrediblyfixed in ourminds: We haddestroyed an Individual madeInthe image of Godwiththeonlyweapon for which he hadno defense andwehadno excuse for rejection.OATC STAfF FIELDBOOK 115 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Andy's poorattendance in school madeit difficultto tellwhen he actually withdrew.butonedayit dawned on me thathe wasgoneforever. I hadspent too many daysstruggling withinmyselfto find andpolisha proper way of telling Andy howtotally,consummately ashamed and sorry I was,andam. I nowknowthatto havehuggedAndyandto havecriedwithhimandeven to haveJoined withhimin a silence wouldhavebeenenough. It mayhavehealed us both.I neversawAndyDrake again. I haveno ideawherehe wentor where he is. if heis.But to say I haven'tseen AndyIs not entirely accurate. In the decades sincetheautumn dayintheArkansas woods. I haveencountered thousands ofAndy Drakes.My conscience places Andy's mask overthe face of everydisadvantaged personwithwhom I comein contact. Each onestares backat mewiththatsame haunting,expectant look thatbecame fixed in my mindthat day longago.DearAndyDrake:Thechance youwilleverseethesewoods Isquiteremote, but I musttry. Ifs muchtoolateforthisconfession to purge myconscience of gUilt. I neither expect it to norwantto.What I do prayfor. my littlefriend of longago, Is that you mightsomehow learnofand be lifted by the continuing force of your sacrifice. What you suffered at myhands that day andthe loving courage you showed, Godhas twisted, turned andmolded Intoa blessing. Thisknowledge mighteasethe memory of thatterrible dayfor you.('1fi('1('1('1fiI'vebeenno saint, AndynorhaveI doneallthethingsI could andshould havedonewith my life. But what I want you to know Is that I have never again knowinglybetrayed AndyDrake. Nor,I pray, shallI ever.BenBurlonHeaven and Hell· The Real DifferenceA man spoke with the Lord about heaven and hell. The Lord said to the man,"Come, I will show you hell." They entered a room where a groupof people sataround a hugepotof stew. Everyone wasfamished, desperate and starving. Eachhelda spoon that reached the pot, but eachspoon had a handle so muchlongerthantheirownarmthat it couldnot be usedto get the stewIntotheir own mouths.The suffering wasterrible.('1fi('1"Come, now I will show you heaven," the Lord sad after a while,. They enteredanother room, identical to the first - the pot of stew, the groupof people, the samelong-handled spoons. Butthere everyone washappyandwell-nourished."I don't understand," said the man. "Why are they happy here when they aremiserable In the otherroomand everything wasthe sameTThe Lordsmiled. "Ah.lt Is simple." he said. "Here they havelearned to feed eachother."AnnLandersOATCSTAFFFIELDBOOK 116 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

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wuwuuwwuuuuuuuuuuuwuuuuuuCEREMONIESFollowing are the OA Trail Crew Ceremonies which are used at different timesduring theparticipants experience atPhilmont. TheOpening Ceremony Isgiven thefirst night at the worksite and the rededication is the culmination of the closingbanquet. Ceremonies area solemn partof the Order of theArrow and these aretreated assuch. All foreman willhave theopportunity to perform these ceremoniesbutarenot required assuming thatthere Is sufficient interest in yourrotation.OATrail Crew Opening Ceremony(The entire ceremony is conducted at onesite. Place 15 firepots In a circle witharadius of about 4 yards. Laya lowfire at the center, butdo notlight. MovementsareIdentical to the Pre-Ordeal Ceremony.)Nutlket: Awake, myfriends, Younoware starting on a longandtoilsome journey,butbefore youundertake ItyoumustBePrepared completely. Pause, andlookyoubackon Scouting whose signandmotto youaccepted. Long agoyougaveyourpromise, saidyoufirmly, ·On myhonor I willdomybestI willdomyduty."ItIs plain to all who watch you. We know this,foryourbrothers, taking noteofyourdevotion to thehighideals of Scouting have looked to youforguidance InourOrder. Yourweresentto seeka vision of yourselves, andof yourpurpose.Wewilleach present a challenge to assistyouinthisquest, forweareheretoguide youasfarasman canguide hisbrother. Fifteen blazes ledyoutous,butthe path that you have followed becomes rougher, steeper, fainter: you willneeda brighter fire. I, Nutiket, am the guardian of the circle, andI urgeyou,seekthefireat thecenter, kindle cheerfulness within youl Gather round yourhearts thetinder, laytheoakandpinetogether, kindle allthatIswithin youwitha warm andcheerful spirit. Thespark Isthere. already glowing; fanit now, feedit, till it is fire. So on this journey learn by sacrifice, and self-denial tosubordinate desires to the spirit's higher purpose. Test yourselves, and sodiscover thata cheerful heartIs lively as this bow-wood. under hardship.(Nutlket holds thebowoverhishead withbothhands andflexes it. Hewalks round,pastKichkinet, andgives thebowto A1lowst Saklma. Hethewalks to thewestandstays there, as Meteu moves to the south.)Meteu: Long ago,when bearandbison swarmed theforest and the prairie, thenthe greatand mighty chieftain looked with loveupon his children; sawthemstriving, fighting, battling withtheevilthatabounded, andhespoke andsaidInthiswise:Youwholovethehaunts of nature,Lovethe sunshine on the serene meadows,Love the moonlight on the silvery waters,Lovethe stilishadows of the liVing forest,Lovethe coolwindamong thetreeboughs. evermurmuring, eversighing,Lovethe endless song of the birds. themusicof the heavens,Lovethegurgling of thestreams, andthe rushing of great rivers through theirpalisades of pinetrees,OATCSTAFF FIELDBOOK 119 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

other man suddenly woke up, coughing and choking, his hands groping for thebutton thatwould bring the nurse running. Butthe manwatched without moving ­even when the sound of breathing stopped. In the morning, the nurse found theothermandead, andquietly tookhis bodyaway.As soon as It seemed decent, themanasked It hecould be switched to thebedtothe next window. So they moved him, tucked him It, and made him quitecomfortable. Theminute theyleft, hepopped himselfupononeelbow, painfully andlaboriously, andlooked outthewindow.It faced a blank wall.AuthorUnknownSubmitted by Ronald DahlstenandHarriette LindseyOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 118 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

CEREMONIESuuU"....J"....J"....JUUUUUUU"....JUUFollowing are the OA Trail Crew Ceremonies which are used at different timesduring theparticipants experience at Philmont. TheOpening Ceremony isgiven thefirst nightat the workslght and the rededication Is the culmination of the closingbanquet. Ceremonies area solemn partof the Order of the Arrow andthese aretreated assuch. Allforeman willhave theopportunity to perform these ceremoniesbutare notrequired assuming thatthere is sufficient Interest Inyourrotation.OA Trail Crew Opening Ceremony(The entire ceremony Isconducted at onesite. Place 15f1repots in a circle witharadius of about 4 yards. Laya lowfireat the center, butdo notlight. Movementsareidentical to the Pre-Ordeal Ceremony.)Nutlket: Awake, myfriends, Younowarestarting ona longandtoilsome journey,butbefore youundertake ityoumustBePrepared completely. Pause. andlookyoubackonScouting whose signandmotto youaccepted. Long agoyougaveyourpromise, saidyoufirmly, ·OnmyhonorI willdomybestI willdomyduty,·It Isplain to all whowatch you. Weknow this,foryourbrothers, taking noteofyourdevotion to thehighIdeals of Scouting have looked to youforguidance InourOrder, Yourwere sentto seek a vision ofyourselves, andof yourpurpose.Wewilleach present a challenge to assist youInthisquest, forweareheretoguide youasfarasmancanguide hisbrother. Fifteen blazes ledyoutous,butthe path that you have followed becomes rougher. steeper, fainter: you willneeda brighter fire. I, Nutiket, amthe guardian of the circle, andI urgeyou,seekthefire at thecenter, kindle cheerfulness within youl Gather round yourhearts thetinder, laytheoakandpinetogether, kindle allthatIswithin youwithawarm andcheerful spirit. Thespark Isthere, already glowing; fanit now, feedit, till it is fire. So on this joumey learn by sacrifice, and self-denial tosubordinate desires to the spirit's higherpurpose. Test yourselves, and sodiscover thata cheerful heartIs livelyas this bow-wood, under hardship.(Nutiket holdsthebowoverhisheadwithbothhands andflexes It. Hewalks round,pastKlchklnet, andgivesthebowto A1lowat Sakima. Hethewalks to thewestandstays there, as Meteu moves to the south.)Meteu: Long ago,when bearand bison swarmed theforest andthe prairie, thenthe greatand mighty chieftain looked with loveupon his children; sawthemstriving, fighting, battling withtheevilthatabounded, andhespoke andsaidinthiswise:Youwho lovethe haunts of nature,Lovethe sunshine on theserene meadows,Lovethe moonlight on the slivery waters,Lovethe still shadows of the living forest,Love the coolwindamong the treeboughs, evermurmuring, eversighing,Lovethe endless song of the birds, the music of the heavens,Lovethegurgling of thestreams, andthe rushing of greatrivers through theirpalisades of pinetrees,OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK119PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Love thethunder Inthemountains, whose innumerable echoes leap andboundfromcragto cliff side,Love thelightning dancing across distant mesas. therising andthesetting sun,andthe blazing redskyovermajestic mountains.Listen to these admonitions for gUidance on yourJourney.I. Meteu, heard this message whispered on thewestern mountains where thesunfromeveto morning never sets, while all beneath measI climbed andthenstood listening sleptIn darkness, sleptIn shadow. You need seek no rockysummit: these high places are within you. All the natural world around youshows youclearly yourreflection. Thisexperience is buta pattern forajourneywhose directions arethewhispers, urgings, promptings deep within yourheartsandspirits. Hours spent Inthoughtful silence helpsusmake theright decisionsmorethan daysanddaysoftalking, helps usfeelthecords of sunlight tyingalltheworld together, likea bowstring which bindsyoueach toevery other. closerwhen the bowIs tested.(Meteu. who has displayed the bowstring dUring the latterpart of his talk. walksround. pastKlchklnet, andgives it to Allowst Saklma. Meteu remains at the north.andAllowst Saklma moves round, pastNutlket. to the south.)Allowat Saklma:As the chieftain I exhort you, spend yourdaysIn arduous laborworking gladly, notbegrudging. seekto serve, andthusbefaithful to thehighIdeals andpurpose ofthe Order oftheArrow. Friends, theoneswho chose youneed you. Who among younowIs ready? Whowill goupon thisjourney? Youmust choose.My solemn dutynowdemands that each new friend shalltest the bow, anddoingso give proofIn silence of hiswill to makethejourney.(Klchklnet moves to the front andteststhe bow first. Then he passes the bowtoeach candidate. Afterthetesting, Klchklnet returns to the eastwiththebow.)As the warrior draws the arrow most trustworthy from the quiver. you weredrawn from manyothers for the first shaftof the huntermustbe straightest,mustbe surest. If through manymoons unflinching youholdfastto Scoutingpledges straight andtrueyoueachwill travel as an arrowdriven skyward. asan eagle soaring sunward. He who follows such a pathway In unwaveringcheerful service will be seen by manyothers andby instlration. leadthem.(Allowat Sakirna draws an arrow fromthe quiverover his left shoulder during histalk, andneverlowering theup-pointing arrow. he nowmoves to theeastandgivesItto Klchklnet. holding up both thebowandthearrow(thetokens), walks toward thenorth andthento the fire lay.)Klchklnet: From the darkness, from the forest we have come with words ofwarning, bringing tokens ofa struggle. anordeal approaching swiftly asa flockof fieldcrows flying blackacross thesun. Myfriends. as Kichklnet yourguide.I bid youleave all dallycares behind you. leave the crowd andItsopinions, 11ftyourthoughts like sparks when fromthefire's hearttheyshoot up likearrowsfrom the bow bent backward, from the bowstring smoothed with beeswax,loosed upona loftyjourneylOATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 120 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

wwU'...JUUUUWuuuwu(Klchklnet moves to theedge of the circle to the northeast if heis right-handed, orthenorthwest If he is left-handed. Henocks, aims, andshoots thearrow: Neithertoward norovertheheads ofanyprincipals or otherpersons. Heholds hispose fora moment afterreleasing, thencontinues)Thusdoyou appear to others on thepathof cheerful service.(Klchklnet putsthe bowon the firelayand moves to the front. south.)It is not an easyjourney. All theworld mayseem against you andthe pathseem dark and lonely. All your strength will be required when you facetheisolation which a leaderoftenfaces. OnyourJourney thisweek I willlaborwithyou. Wewillletthespiritfill uswiththegladness of a dawning. ofa springtime.of beginning. Thisexperience Isbuta shadow of therigors ofthejourney, butits joys also are shadows of the brighter. greater beauty in a life of cheerfulservice.(Klchkinet steps outside theringat thesouth, Nutlket moves to thesouth. Meteu tothewest, andAllowat Saklma to the north.)Nowwithcourage on this first step follow me,andthese mybrothers. Letustry to find theArrowlOATrail Crew Rededication Ceremony(The entireceremony Isconducted at onesite. Place 15firepots In a circle witharadius of about4 yards. Laya lowfire at thecenter, andlightIt. Movements aresimilar to thePre-Ordeal Ceremony.)AJlowat Saklma: Brothers formourcircle. We willnowproceed to open ourcircleInthe rededication.Klchklnet: Brother Allowat there arethose whohave entered ourcircle whohaveendured ourtrials, andwhoarebefore usnowtorededicate theircommitments.AJlowat Saklma: Brother Nutlket satisfy yourself thatall present exhibit theInnerresolve to complete thisjourney.uuNutlket: I amsatisfied Brother Allowat Sakima. Allthosepresent seekto reaffirmtheircommitment to our noble goals andpurpose.AllowatSaklma: Havethey completed theirquesttodemonstrate thiscommitment?Nutlket: They have Brother Allowst Saklma and are ready to further theircommitment to the OrderAllowat Saklma: I now declare our lodge assembled and prepared for ourrededication andforwhatever business as mayproperly come before it.(pause, lookaround andif no otherbusiness)OATC STAFF FIELOBOOK 121 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Then let us nowopen this meeting withthe Obligation of our Order:I do herebypromise on my honoras a Scoutthat I will always andfaithfullyobserve and preserve the traditions of the Order of the Arrow,Wimachtendlenk. Wlngloauchslk, Wltahemui.I willalways regard thetiesof Brotherhood IntheOrder oftheArrow as lasting.and will seekto preserve a cheerful spirit even in the midstof Irksometasksandweighty responsibilities, andwillendeavor, sofarasinmypowerlies, to be unselfish In service and devotion to thewelfare of others.Nutlket: Mybrothers, asweendourjourneytogether, pause to absorb thenaturalbeauty that surrounds us. Meditate now on the real purpose of ourbrotherhood. Reflect now on the experiences that you have encounteredthroughout the last two weeks, everything challenging, everything new, timespent withothers, timespent alone.Surrounded here bygod'struenature, Inthesewoods it is easyto forget thosewhoneed usmost, those whodepend onourservice. Youtooka solemn oath"to be unselfish In service and devotion to thewelfare of others.· This Is thebasis of ourOrderandwemuststriveto keepthisattheforefront ofourmindsat all times. All of us arefirst Scouts andsecond arrowmen.Established In1915. theOrder oftheArrow Isbased onstrengthening campingmethods andrecognizing those who bestembodied theScout Oath and Law.especially through service andcheerfulness. Thisproject wasconceived ofthesame values. Today, asovereightyyearsago,these Ideals remain thesame.(Nutlket slowly walks counter·clockwise around the circle untilhe reaches MeteuandMeteu thenprocedes to thefrontof the circle)Meteu: TheOrderoftheArrow Isa thingoftheoutofdoors rather than theIndoors.It wasbornonan Island wilderness. It needs the sunandrain, thewoods andplains. the water and the starlit sky. As Arrowmen, we each have aresponsibility to secure genuine camping that produces self·rellance In theindividual camper. Your journey these weeks have provided you with theexperience necessary to comprehend the words of the great and mightychieftain when he said:Youwholovethe haunts of nature.Love the sunshine on theserene meadows.Love the moonlight on the slivery waters,Love the stili shadows of thelivingforest.Love the coolwind among the treeboughs. evermurmuring. eversighing.Lovethe endless song of the birds. the musicof theheavens,Love the gurgling of thestreams, andthe rushing of great rivers through theirpalisades of pinetrees,Lovethethunder Inthemountains, whose Innumerable echoes leapandboundfromcragto cliff side,Lovethelightning dancing across distant mesas, therising andthesetting sun,andthe blaZing redskyovermajestic mountains.Listen to these admonitions for gUidance on yourJourney.OATC STAFF FIElDBOOK 122 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Each ofyoucame IntoourOrder through anOrdeal Weekend. However. manyofyoumaynothave fUlly understood thesignificance of yourexperience. Thenight you arrived you weregiven Instructions from fourfigures. You were metwithfourchallenges:(Meteu gestures toward each figure when he mentions them.)uNutlket asked that you eat nothing but the scant food given to you. I. Meteudemanded thatyoukeep thestrictest silence. Your friend andguide, Klchklnet,placed you alone In thewoods for a timeof contemplative Isolation. A1lowatSaklma, themighty chief, bidyoua dayof arduous labor. Each challenge andeach figure served oneultimate purpose. Thatpurpose wasto encourage youto lookdeepwithin yourself to discover youstrengths andweaknesses, tohelpyoufindthetrailupon which totread yourlife., toseekanddiscover thefirethatburns from within.(Meteu walks to Klchklnet whothen proceeds around thecircle to thefront)Klchklnet: Yoursuccess as an Arrowman depends on whatyou can do to helpyourtroop, yourchapter, andyourlodgebackhome. As youlookbackwhatwould youdodifferent. Whathave youlearned? Whathave yougained? Areyouwilling to takehome whatyoulearned?Youhave justconcluded a journey upon which fewhave everembarked. It Isyoursolemn dutyto usethisexperience to guide yourfellow Scouts whohavenotyetseen thearrow. LaterInlife,Inthemidst of some Irksome task, youwillfindthatyoumustsearch deepwithin yourself to tapIntotheenthusiasm, theexcitement, andthe knowledge youdiscovered In these mountains. Rely onyourself, onlythencanothers relyon you.uwOurtrail, likea fire, wlllieadthose whofollow intherightdirection aspartoftheScouting experience at Philmont. By building thistrail andmaking sacrificesofyourself, youhelped makethePhilmontexperience stronger, more steadfast,andlasting. Yourservice therewillbe appreciated by thousands whowill notwhat you gave. Yet, you gave knowing that you would receive no gloryorrecognition. Humility andpride arewhat make youstrong and whatmake theideals of ourOrderso Important.(Klchklnet walks around to A1lowat whothenmoves forward)Allowat Saklma: Ourjourney together hasprovided us all withexperiences thathave become a partof usandwillglowInourhearts forever, asanember fromthecouncil fire. Youeachhavepebbles which aresymbolic representations ofpersonal experiences known toyourInner-self; perhaps a shooting staracrossthe dark western sky, a rainbow after a thunderstorm, the vast plains andplateaus thatextend to theeast, or the magnificent mountains to thewest? Atthis time I ask you each come forward one by one and place your pebblesbefore ourgathering.(Allowat Sakima places a pebble at this time and one by one he directs theparticipants to come forward andlaytheirpebbles onthe pile)OATC STAFF FIELDBOOK 123 PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH

Before thiscouncil firelaythememories yournewfriends and those whocamebefore youhave shared. When thesummer hasdrifted to anendandthetimehascome toclose thiscouncil. wewillleave these pebbles withourtrailforeveras symbols of brotherhood. cheerfulness, and service. Tomorrow In themorning of a newday, youwill depart witha newdirection. You willleave onlya trail,footprints, anda pebble, butwhat youtakewithyouIsthe blank page ofan open book. It Is up to you to take the next step. You are now betterprepared to further the purpose of the Orderof the Arrow. Many challengesremain in yourpath, butremember thatthehighest reward fora man'seffortisnotwhathegetsforIt.butwhathe gains fromit. Youmusttakeadvantage ofthis preparation. Letus form ourcircle andclose thisgathering.(Allowat directs everyone Inattendance to form a circlearound the council fireJoinhands)MyBrothers, seekthe spirit, meetthe challenge, all the natural world aroundyoushows youclearly yourreflection. these highplaces arewithin you. PleaseJoin mein thesongof ourOrder?As Mighty Chief. I nowdeclare this lodgeclosed.f'\""f'\f'\f\f\f'\OATC STAFFFIELDBOOK 124 PHILMONT SCOUTRANCH

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Official Song of the Order of the ArroFirm bound in brotheripather the clan that crings to fellow man,ircle our Council FirWeld tightly every linkthat binds us in Brotherhood, Wimachtendienk.Philmont GraceFor food,For Raiment,For Life, for opportunity,For friendship and fellowship,We thank thee, 0 Lord.AmenBrought to Philmont byChief Ranger Clarence E. Dunnont HymnSilver on the sage, starlit skies above,Aspen covered hills, country that I love.Philmont here's to thee, Scouting paradi