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hemisphere.T F12. Agnosia refers to the loss of ability to identify objects based on particular sensoryinformation, without damage to the corresponding primary sensory cortex.13. T F14. If the hippocampus is destroyed, short-term memory and existing long-termmemory are relatively intact, but the ability to transfer new information into longtermmemory is impaired.T F15. Blocking protein synthesis would prevent long-term sensitization but would haveno effect on short-term sensitization in the Aplysia withdrawal reflex.T F16. The extracellular matrix in all parts of the body has the same molecularcomposition, and all neurons in the nervous system express the same types ofadhesion molecules that interact with the extracellular matrix.T F17. Immature muscle cells insert acetylcholine molecules at high density at a singlesite that will become the neuromuscular junction, and growth cones of motorneurons are then attracted to this site during embryonic development.T F18. A transgenic organism is one in which non-native DNA has been incorporatedinto the genome of the organism.T F19. Heterologous expression refers to the artificial synthesis of a protein, which isthen injected into a cell that does not normally express that protein.T FMultiple Choice21. The nervous system controls the strength of contraction of a skeletal muscle bya. varying the total number of motor neurons activated, thus changing thetotal number of motor units contracting.b. varying the frequency of action potentials in the motor neuron of a singlemotor unit.c. varying the number of muscle cells that contract within a single motorunit.d. a and b, but not ce. a, b, and c.22. The functional roles of the myotatic and inverse myotatic reflexes area. the myotatic reflex maintains constant muscle tension, and the inversemyotatic reflex maintains constant muscle length.
. the myotatic reflex controls the length of extensor muscles, and the inversemyotatic reflex controls the length of flexor muscles.c. the myotatic reflex stimulates muscles that withdraw the ipsilateral limband extend the contralateral limb, and the inverse myotatic reflexstimulates muscles that withdraw the contralateral limb and extend theipsilateral limb.d. the myotatic reflex maintains constant muscle length, and the inversemyotatic reflex maintains constant muscle tension.e. none of the above.23. The corticospinal tracta. is involved in gross motor control such as locomotion, rather than finemotor control such as manipulation of objects with the fingers.b. consists of axons that project from the motor cortex to the brainstem,where they synapse on interneurons that relay the motor commands to thespinal cord.c. originates from pyramidal neurons found in layer V of the motor cortex.d. all of the above.e. none of the above.24. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used bya. somatic motor neuronsb. parasympathetic motor neuronsc. parasympathetic preganglionic neuronsd. sympathetic preganglionic neuronse. all of the above25. In the vestibulo-ocular reflexa. sensory neurons in the vestibular ganglion of the semicircular canals makedirect synaptic connections with motor neurons of the ocular muscles.b. motor neurons of the eye muscles are located in three different nuclei inthe brainstem: the oculomotor nucleus, the trochlear nucleus, and theabducens nucleus.c. neurons of the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem receive sensory inputsonly from the vestibular apparatus.d. horizontal motion of the head to the left causes the eyes to move to the leftin the horizontal plane.e. the amount of movement of the eye is controlled by feedback from musclestretch receptors of the ocular muscles to ensure that rotation of the eyesmatches rotation of the head.26. In the hypothalamusa. both the lateral hypothalamic area and the ventromedial nucleus areinvolved in feeding.b. hormones of the anterior pituitary are secreted directly into thebloodstream by hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons.c. the anterior nuclei of the hypothalamus are specialized for control of bodytemperature, and the posterior nuclei of the hypothalamus are specializedfor control of water intake.d. all of the above.
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