Chapter 4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Solubility Guidelines for Ionic CompoundsThe solubility of a substance is the amount of that substance that can be dissolved in a givenquantity of solvent.Any substance with the solubility of less than 0.001 mol/L will be referred to as insoluble.–All common ionic compounds that contain the nitrate anion, NO 3 , are soluble in water.All common ionic compounds of the alkali metal ions (group 1A) and of the ammonium ion,+NH 4 , are soluble in water.A rule of thumb• A compound is probably soluble if it contains one of the following cations:• Group 1A cation: Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs ++• Ammonium ion: NH 4• A compound is probably soluble if it contains one of the following anions:• Halides: Cl – , Br – , I –Except Ag + , Hg 22+ , and Pb2+ compounds• Nitrate (NO 3– ), perchlorate (ClO4– ), acetate (CH3 CO 2– ), sulfate (SO42– )Except Ba 2+ 2+ 2+, Hg 2 , and Pb sulfates.• A compound is probably insoluble if it contains one of the following anions:• Carbonate (CO3 2– ), phosphate (PO4 3– ), chromate (CrO4 2– ), sulfides (S2 – )Except compounds containing alkali metal (Group 1A) ions and the ammonium ion.• Hydroxides (OH – )• Except compounds containing alkali metal (Group 1A) ions and the Ba2+ ion.Ch 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution - 4 -