Forest Operations on Crown Land - Ministry of Tourism

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From the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (2011) (Section 2.1):Standards1. Survey the entire property, including landsimmediately adjacent to built structures (both intactand ruins).2. Survey is not required where:a. lands are evaluated as having no or lowpotential based on the Stage 2 identification ofphysical features of no or low archaeologicalpotential, including but not limited to:i. permanently wet areasii.exposed bedrockiii. steep slopes (greater than 20) except inlocations likely to contain pictographs orpetroglyphsb. lands are evaluated as having no or lowpotential based on the Stage 2 identification ofextensive and deep land alteration that hasseverely damaged the integrity of archaeologicalresourcesc. lands have been recommended to not requireStage 2 assessment by a Stage 1 report, wherethe ministry has accepted the Stage 1 reportinto the report registerd. lands are designated for forest managementactivity without potential for impacts toarchaeological sites, as determined through theStage 1 forest management plans process (seesection 1.4.3)e. lands are formally prohibited from alterationsuch as areas in an environmental easement,restrictive setback, or prohibitive zoning, wherethe constraint prohibits any form of soildisturbance. (Open space and otherdesignations where allowable uses include landalterations must be surveyed.)f. it has been confirmed that the lands are beingtransferred to a public land‐holding body, e.g.,municipality, conservation authority, provincialagency. (This does not apply to lands for which afuture transfer is contemplated but not yetconfirmed.)Guidelines1. When permanent fixed referencelandmarks (e.g., Ontario Land Surveyorbenchmarks, solid iron bars) are present,it is acceptable to record the locationsrequired by Standard 4 of this sectionusing methods such as total station,transit and tape, or stadia rod. Theminimum GPS readings required insection 5 must still be taken.2. Remote sensing may be used tosupplement other methods of propertysurvey, but not as an alternative.3. If areas are exempt from survey becausethe lands are formally prohibited fromalteration (Standard 2.e) or are beingtransferred to a public land‐holding body(Standard 2.f), but those lands areevaluated as having no or low potentialbased on the Stage 2 identification ofphysical features of no or lowarchaeological potential (Standard 2.a) orof extensive or deep land alteration(Standard 2.b), documentation of theno/low potential evaluation may besubmitted in place of documentationrelated to the exemption criteria.Archaeological Assessments for <strong>Forest</strong> <strong>Operations</strong> on Crown Lands | 6
Stage 2 assessment in the forestry context will usually involve test pit survey. TheStandards and Guidelines outline acceptable test pitting methods and strategies. However,forest operations often involve conditions that are different than those of other types ofprojects. Under the three special circumstances set out below, the consultant archaeologistmay make use of alternative strategies designed to address these differences in conditions:1. Section 2.1.5 of the Standards and Guidelines sets out an alternative strategy for testpit survey in northern Ontario and on Canadian Shield terrain. This strategy recognizesthat on the Canadian Shield the areas of high potential for archaeological sites aremore restricted than they are in more southerly parts of Ontario. As such, the areasaround features of archaeological potential that require test pitting are reduced and theassociated requirements for test pitting intervals are also reduced.For Standard 1 below, a joint study by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture and theMinistry of Natural Resources analysed a large sample of archaeological sitesdistributed across a wide variety of different regions throughout northern Ontario.That study determined that a high percentage of the sites would have been identifiedby survey within 50 metres of a modern water source.For Standard 2, maps of other features indicating archaeological potential are oftennot as readily available or as comprehensive as those of modern water sources.Ministry consultation with archaeologists raised concern that archaeological sitesrelated to other features of potential may not be discovered because of the greaterdifficulty of identifying those features (e.g., glacial shorelines) during Stage 1background research.As a result of this consultation, a more conservative standard was established. In linewith that conservative approach, consultant archaeologists must meet this standardwhere any feature of potential other than a modern water source is identified. In otherwords, Standard 2 will prevail over Standard 1 where both classes of features overlap.From the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (2011) (Section 2.1.5):Test pit survey in northern Ontario and on Canadian Shield terrainStandards1. Where the identified feature ofarchaeological potential is a modern watersource, test pitting is required between 0and 50 m from the feature. Space test pits atmaximum intervals of 5 m. Survey is notrequired beyond 50 m.2. For features of archaeological potentialother than modern water sources (e.g.,historic water sources such as glacialGuidelines1. Clustered test pits may be used to surveysmall areas of archaeological potentiallocated in areas otherwise determined to beof low archaeological potential.Archaeological Assessments for <strong>Forest</strong> <strong>Operations</strong> on Crown Lands | 7
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Forest Operations on Crown Land - Ministry of Tourism

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