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PRIVACYValues, Ethics and Privacyä The right of individuals andorganizations to be left alone and to besecure in their personal data.ä How personal information is collected,used and protected.ä Know the 5 fair information practicesprinciples pg. 154.DISC 3369 - Chin 2004 1DISC 3369 - Chin 2004 3VALUES, ETHICS &PRIVACYä Privacy Issuesä Ethicsä Standards for BehaviorPRIVACYYour Secrets for Saleä A lot of the data contained ininformation systems is about individuals

ETHICSä Standards of conduct and moralbehaviorä Principles of right and wrong that guideour behavior when we make choices4 Ethical Issues• Privacy• Accuracy• Property• AccessibilityTechnology is being deployed and embracedmuch faster than our ability to develop moralprinciples and legal doctrines for it.DISC 3369 - Chin 2004 5DISC 3369 - Chin 2004 7ETHICSETHICSLegalä Individual Valuesä Cultural Norms and ValueSystemsä Organizational PoliciesUnethicalEthical

ETHICSLegalEthics Challenge• Abortion• EuthanasiaUnethical• Abortion• Mercy killings• Murder• StealingäääAbortionMercy killingsMost things• Abortion• SpeedingEthicalä If an employee copies companysoftware for personal use at home,should the company have the right toterminate the employee? (If theemployee copies s/w for use at home towork on business, but does not receiveformal permission to do so, should theemployee be fired?)IllegalDISC 3369 - Chin 2004 9DISC 3369 - Chin 2004 11Ethics ChallengeEthics Challengeä Should IT directors be held accountablefor s/w licensing violations by membersof their dept. or development teams? Ifthe copyright holder decides to presscharges for damages resulting fromillegal use of s/w, should the IT directorbe personally liable for payment orprison time?ä If an individual accidentally uses anillegal copy of copyrighted s/w, shouldthe individual be subjected to legalaction? Are people who find out theyhave used an illegal copy obligated toreport it?

So far...ä Our Ethics relate to our value systemsä Privacy is value-ladenladenä A lot of the data and information in oursystems relate to individualsä How we each use information mattersèWe need to know what behavior is OKand what is not OK.Example of A Code ofEthicsä Data Processing ManagementAssociation (DPMA)ä Association of ComputingMachinery (ACM)DISC 3369 - Chin 2004 13DISC 3369 - Chin 2004 15A Code of EthicsAnother Ethics ChallengeMany organizations create these to guide the behaviorof their employees. Such a code must be :ä Workableä Consistentä Tailored to the Organizationä A Guide, not a Trapä Supported by Managementä Is it right or wrong for managers toaccess the files or databases ofpeople in their dept or on their projectteam?

Another Ethics Challengeä If data or information are stolen orillegally copied from a company’scomputer systems, should the ITdirector be held legally responsible forthe loss?Another Ethics Challengeä Should the company be obligated tonotify its employees in advance when acheck will be made to see what s/w isloaded on their system?DISC 3369 - Chin 2004 17DISC 3369 - Chin 2004 19Another Ethics Challengeä If a company has a policy stating that itse-mail system should be used only forcompany activities, does the companyhave the right to monitor its employees’e-mail messages? Should they notifyemployees?Leaders Need A Model forEthical Decision Making

General Ethical Guidelinesä Informed consentä The “higher ethic” - Utilitarian principleä Most restrictive actionä Kantian universality ruleä Descartes’ “change in” ruleä The owner’s conservative ruleä The user’s conservative rule10 Commandments forComputer Ethicsä Do not use or copy software for whichyou have not paid or licensedä Do not use others’ conputer resourceswithout permissionä Do not steal others’ intellectual Propertyä Show consideration and respectä Do not call the Help Desk at 2 amunless it’s REALLY importantDISC 3369 - Chin 2004 21DISC 3369 - Chin 2004 2310 Commandments forComputer Ethics...ä Do not use a computer to harm othersä Do not interfere with others’ computerworkä Do not snoop around in other peoples’filesä Do not use a computer to stealä Do not use a computer to bear falsewitnessGeneral Ethical Guidelinesä Informed consent.ä When in doubt about the ethics of a particularaction, inform those whom your action willaffect of your intentions and obtain theirconsent before proceedingä The “higher ethic” - Utilitarian principleä Take the action that achieves the greatest goodä Most restrictive actionä Choose whether or not to take action (or avoidtaking action) by assuming that the most severeloss that could happen will happen

Ethical Guidelines - cont’dCORE LEGAL ISSUESä Kantian universality ruleä If an action or a failure to act is not right foreveryone to commit, then it is not right foranyone to commit.ä Descartes’ “change in” ruleä A sufficient change in degree produces achange in kind. Although many small lossesmay be acceptable individually, taken as awhole they may result in unacceptable losses.ä Ownership of Intellectual Propertyä issues related to trademarks, copyright,patentsä Access to informationä Privacy protectionä Legal formality lags behind socialpracticeDISC 3369 - Chin 2004 25DISC 3369 - Chin 2004 27Ethical Guidelines - cont’dä The owner’s conservative ruleä Assume that others will treat your assets asbelonging in the public domain. Explicitlydeclare the products of your efforts and yourproperty as either private or public inreasonably visible ways.ä The user’s conservative ruleä Assume that any tangible or intangible itembelongs to somebody else unless an explicitdeclaration or convention identifies as in thepublic domain or authorized for your use.PRINCIPLESä IT and relationshipsä Intellectual Propertyä Collision of Rightsä Secrecy vs Sharingä Contractsä Evidence Building

It’s up to you...ä Know the difference between “good”and “harm” - Do good!ä Respect individual rights - Respectpersonal privacy!ä Know the law - Stay legal!ä Know what belongs to you - Respectthe Intellectual Property of others!DISC 3369 - Chin 2004 29It’s up to you...ä Know your license conditions - Observelicense provisions!ä Know the guidelines for the IT you use -If in doubt, ask!ä Show consideration and respect - forindividuals, organizations and thetechnologies!ä Do not call the Help Desk at 2 amunless it’s REALLY important!