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NCAA Coaching Positions<br />

The NCAA limits the number and type of coaches that<br />

can be employed, or volunteer, for each varsity athletic team.<br />

Functionality and areas of responsibility help differentiate<br />

coaching categories. Any athletics department staff member,<br />

who participates in the coaching of a team either in practices,<br />

games, or organized activities directly related to the sport,<br />

counts against the coaching limitations of that sport. There<br />

are few exceptions to this rule.<br />

CoaChing Categories<br />

Under NCAA legislation, there are five coaching categories:<br />

Head Coach, Assistant Coach, Volunteer Coach,<br />

Graduate Assistant Coach (football and rowing only), and<br />

Undergraduate Assistant Coach. Coaching designations are<br />

assigned by the athletic department and certified by the<br />

institution. Pursuant to NCAA definition, an individual who<br />

coaches and either is uncompensated or receives compensation<br />

or remuneration of any sort from an NCAA member<br />

institution, even if such compensation or remuneration is not<br />

designated for coaching, must be classified into one of the<br />

five coaching categories.<br />

Head and Assistant Coaches are hired by MSU and designated<br />

to perform specific coaching duties on a paid basis.<br />

A Volunteer Coach, permitted in all sports but football and<br />

basketball, cannot receive compensation or remuneration<br />

from the athletic department or any organization associated<br />

with the athletic department and is prohibited from recruiting<br />

activities. A volunteer coach can receive two complimentary<br />

tickets to home athletic events in the sport in which he or<br />

she coaches, as well as complimentary meals incidental to<br />

organized team activities, but not training table meals.<br />

A Graduate Assistant (GA) Coach, only allowed in the<br />

sports of football and rowing, is any coach who has received<br />

a baccalaureate degree and is actively enrolled as a graduate<br />

student as defined by the institution. A graduate assistant<br />

coach typically is enrolled in at least 50 percent of the institution’s<br />

minimum regular graduate student course load each<br />

academic semester. Compensation for a graduate assistant<br />

is limited to the value of a full grant-in-aid for a full-time<br />

graduate student, based on the residency status (in-state<br />

or out-of-state) of the individual. A GA may be awarded no<br />

more than four complimentary tickets to MSU football and/or<br />

basketball games. A GA Coach is not allowed to evaluate or<br />

contact prospective student-athletes off-campus and cannot<br />

serve as a recruiting coordinator. The only recruiting exception<br />

for GA Coaches applies to those who successfully pass<br />

the NCAA Certification Exam. For those coaches, telephone<br />

contact with prospective student-athletes is permitted.<br />

An Undergraduate Assistant Coach is any coach who is<br />

an undergraduate student-athlete who has exhausted his or<br />

her eligibility in the sport or has become injured to the point<br />

that he or she is unable to practice or compete ever again. An<br />

Undergraduate Assistant Coach can only serve at the institution<br />

at which they participated in intercollegiate athletics and<br />

receives no compensation, beyond financial aid. A student<br />

coach must be enrolled in a full time program of study and<br />

cannot evaluate or contact prospective student-athletes off-<br />

66 w w w . m s u s p a r t a n s . c o m<br />

by Michael L. Kasavana, Ph.D.,<br />

CHTP NAMA Professor in Hospitality<br />

Business<br />

Faculty Athletics Representative,<br />

Michigan State University<br />

campus nor serve as a recruiting coordinator.<br />

It is important to note that a high school or<br />

two year college coach cannot be employed or<br />

appointed to an institutional coaching position<br />

in the same sport he or she is currently coaching.<br />

Volunteer CoaChes<br />

In sports other than football and basketball,<br />

a volunteer coach is any coach who does not<br />

receive compensation or remuneration from the<br />

institution’s athletics department. Allowable<br />

sports are limited to one volunteer coach per<br />

academic year with the following exceptions:<br />

• Rowing: 4 volunteer coaches<br />

• Swimming and Diving: 2 volunteer coaches<br />

• Cross Country/Track & Field: cross country,<br />

indoor track & field and outdoor track & field<br />

are considered three separate sports and<br />

may use one volunteer coach for each team.<br />

The volunteer coach may coach studentathletes<br />

in any of the three sports throughout<br />

the academic year. Note: there is a special<br />

provision for Pole Vaulting that allows the<br />

use of one volunteer coach to coach both<br />

men and women vaulters.<br />

An individual designated in a coaching category<br />

assumes that position for the duration<br />

of the academic year unless the coach was<br />

temporarily replaced due to extenuating circumstances<br />

or through normal attrition.<br />

DANTONIO<br />

reCruiting exam<br />

Since 1993, coaches at NCAA Division<br />

I institutions, in all sports, must complete<br />

and pass an annual certification exam to be<br />

eligible to recruit off-campus. Big Ten Conference<br />

policy mandates that the institution’s<br />

faculty athletic representative administer the<br />

exam. The exam focuses on recent legislative<br />

changes, commonly occurring violations, and<br />

technical matters of interpretation primarily<br />

related to recruiting. Why recruiting? Since a<br />

disproportionate number of NCAA rules violations<br />

occur in the recruitment of prospective<br />

student-athletes.<br />

Once an eligible coach passes the online<br />

certification exam, he or she is certified to contact<br />

or evaluate a prospective student-athlete off-campus.<br />

The NCAA examination is a standardized test consisting of<br />

40 questions. The examination includes multiple-choice and<br />

true or false questions. There are four versions of the exam:<br />

football, men’s basketball, women’s basketball, and coaches<br />

of all other sports. Since many recruiting restrictions vary by<br />

sport, sports specific versions of the exam focus on areas of<br />

differentiation by sport. In other words, a tennis or volleyball<br />

coach will receive a different set of questions than a football<br />

or basketball coach. The exam is an open-book exam and is<br />

constrained to 80 minutes. The minimum passing score is 80<br />

percent; in other words, a coach must score at least 32 out of<br />

40 to be certified to recruit off-campus. The exam specifically<br />

includes NCAA legislation in four areas: recruiting; freshman<br />

academic requirements; transfer regulations; and the terms<br />

and conditions of awarding athletically-related financial aid.<br />

The annual certification period is Aug. 1st through July 31st.<br />

Coaches who have medically or professionally diagnosed<br />

learning disabilities may apply to the Big Ten Conference<br />

office for an alternative test-administration option (e.g.<br />

extended time, oral exam, etc.). Once an examination is completed,<br />

scores are immediately reported to the test taker and<br />

automatically stored in the NCAA database linked to a password<br />

protected NCAA website. All scores are subsequently<br />

relayed to the Big Ten Conference office. This process enables<br />

a coaching staff member, certified at MSU for example,<br />

to re-locate to a second NCAA institution and remain certified<br />

for the duration of the annual certification cycle. There<br />

simply is no need for a coach who moves from one NCAA<br />

institution to another to be re-certified – the NCAA database<br />

maintains the test record. It is important to note that multisport<br />

coaches (e.g. cross country, indoor and outdoor track)<br />

are only required to pass one exam per annum.<br />

In a typical year, more than eighty MSU staff members<br />

take the NCAA Certification Exam. Nearly three-quarters of<br />

the MSU test takers score 90 percent or higher on the test<br />

with approximately 10 percent achieving a perfect score<br />

(40/40). During the current testing season no MSU coach<br />

failed the exam.

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