POLLUTION IN THE OPEN OCEANS: A REVIEW OF ... - GESAMP

N?$4$(?03$(6$$1(1"(0%%$%%>$1#%("9(0#>"%:?$4/7(/1:L#%("9( .B.%( $=7;L%/3$;5( #"( #?$( ":$1( "7$01%'( N?$( E!*.G/1/#/0#$2( ^$8/"10;;5( W0%$2( ,%%$%%>$1#( "9( .$4%/%#$1#(N"=/7( +L6%#017$%( @^W,.N+J( :4"d$7#( P0%( 2$%/81$2( #"(80#?$4( 20#0( 012( 0%%$%%( #?$( %"L47$%C( $13/4"1>$1#0;(7"17$1#40#/"1%C( #401%G6"L12045( >"3$>$1#( 012( $99$7#%("9( %">$( "9( #?$( 06"3$( %L6%#017$%( @E!*.C( M[[OJ'( N?$(4$:"4#("9(#?/%(:4"d$7#(9"4(#?$(.07/9/7(4$8/"1(/12/70#$%(#?0#(20#0( "1( #?$%$( %L6%#017$%( /1( #?$( 0#>"%:?$4$( 04$( 3$45(%7047$'(`"P$3$4C("#?$4(4$8/"10;(4$:"4#%(%L7?(0%(#?0#(9"4(#?$(,1#047#/7( /12/70#$( #?0#( L%$9L;( 20#0( 04$( 030/;06;$( "1(2$:"%/#/"1("9(.B.%'(2V[OQ$C7$/#/I$VMT$/G2I$IQOQRJQT$[P$JUQ$)'$ZLK$KQD1QY$LZ$JUQ1K$K1I]$ROVII1Z1RVJ1LMIState of evaluation Total: 127Classified as PBT 23Classified as PBT and POPStill under investigation 30Pending 8Not PBT not POP 633, including DDT,22/#/"10;(.B.%N?$(.B.%(^$3/$P(F">>/##$$("9(#?$(+#"7K?";>(F"13$1#/"1(?0%(4$7$1#;5(4$7">>$12$2(#?$(9";;"P/18(022/#/"10;(%L6G%#017$%(9"4(/17;L%/"1(/1(#?$(F"13$1#/"1(,11$=$%TJ1(,*7%-,6%>#X%@)3*,9,3541%6E(>#O567)6%>#+%60)3*,9,7541%6E(#%01%*#)67#+%*/(',*,,-0)6%.'(41,6)0%A#(?0%(0;%"(4$7$1#;5(02":#$2(4/%K(:4"9/;$%(9"4(#?$(9";;"P/18(7?$>/70;%(012(2$7/2$2(#?0#(j01%E#)*%#(5F%(E>#).#)#*%.'(0#,/# 01%5*# (,6&?*)6&%# %6=5*,69%60)(# 0*)6.4,*0># 0,# (%)7# 0,#.5&65/5-)60#)7=%*.%#1'9)6#1%)(01#)67B,*#%6=5*,69%60)(#%//%-0.#.'-1#01)0#&(,3)(#)-05,6#5.#A)**)60%7l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bL0#/7($13/4"1>$1#(0%(P$;;(0%(?L>01(704G7/1"8$1/7/#5C( >L#08$1/7/#5( 012( 4$:4"G#"=/7/#5'( N?$( 7;0%G%/9/70#/"1(3.3W(4$9$4%(#"(3$45(:$4%/%#$1#(012(3$45(6/"07G7L>L;0#/18( %L6%#017$%'( .WN( :4"840>%( 04$( ":$40#/"10;(/1(#?$(*EC(F01020(012(%">$("#?$4(4$8/"1%U10#/"1%'A1(#?$(*EC(7;0%%/9/70#/"1("9(0(%L6%#017$(0%(.WN("4(3.3W(L12$4(#?$(1$P(^*,F`(^$8L;0#/"1(P/;;(/1(9L#L4$(;$02(#"(4$%#4/7#/"1( "9( :4"2L7#/"1( 9"4( 0( :$4/"2( "9( %">$( 5$04%( #"(0;;"P(0(%"7/"G$7"1">/7(/>:07#(0%%$%%>$1#(012(:"%%/6/;/G#/$%(9"4(%L6%#/#L#/"1(#"(6$($=0>/1$2C(:4/"4(#"(:?0%/18("L#'A1(%L::"4#("9(#?/%C(/1(#?$(*EC(0(4$3/$P("9(M\[[(?/8?(:4"G2L7#/"1( 3";L>$( @w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`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`*(B.*!(BF*,!T(,(^*aA*I(BD(,++*++-*!N+(,!H(^*_,N*H(+NEHA*+()*+,-.(^$:"4#(012(+#L2/$%(!(YX