An ARM Backend for PyPyls Tracing JIT - STUPS Group

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4 1 INTRODUCTIONin Section 6 we elaborate on how a backend for PyPy’s tracing JIT is built and what theparticularities of creating such a backend for ARM are. In Section 7 we describe howwe cross translate interpreters using PyPy’s toolchain to run on resource constrained devices.In Section 8 the results we have gathered from benchmarks evaluating our ARMbackend are compared to another backend for PyPy’s JIT. Finally in Sections 9 and 10 ourwork in related to previous research and development and we outline the topics of futurework related to the subject of this thesis.
52 ARMARM is at the same time the name of the company as well as the name of their mainproduct. The CPUs designed by ARM and based on the ARM architecture are nowadayswidely deployed, being built into most of current mobile devices such as phones andtablets. At the same time ARM CPUs are entering the computer and server markets.The CPUs designed by ARM are based on a RISC architecture and have several uniquefeatures. In this section we are going to give a short overview about the company behindthese CPUs and to introduce the ARM architecture itself focusing on aspects relevant forPyPy’s JIT backend presented in this thesis.2.1 Company and HistoryARM Holdings, the company that develops the ARM CPUs, was founded in 1990 underthe name of Advanced RISC Machines as a spin-off of Acorn and Apple Computer.ARM itself does not sell chips, instead their business model is based on designing 32-bitRISC CPUs and GPUs as well as tools and software targeting their designs. The intellectualproperty, in form of chip and architecture designs is licensed to partners. Partnercompanies who licence the designs, can potentially adapt them to their needs and actuallybuild the chips paying ARM a license fee per chip built. An example for such chipsare Apple’s A4 and A5 processors used in the iPad and iPhone. These processors aresystem-on-a-chip designs based on an ARM CPU and combined with additional componentson the same chip such as a GPU.The main markets that ARM targets with its technologies are those of mobile computing,home entertainment systems and embedded computing in areas such as householdappliances and car controls.Currently ARM is the largest vendor of intellectual property for mobile computing, beingpresent on about 95% of all mobile handsets, according to company numbers [ARM11].With the growth of the mobile computing market, mainly due to smartphones andtablets, also the importance of ARM as a platform has increased. This has made ARMan interesting target platform. Large vendors of mobile devices and software, such asApple and Google, are already building on ARM as a platform and lately Microsoft announcedthat their next operating system will also run on ARM 1 . NVIDIA announced tobuild CPUs based on ARM designs 2 .2.2 The ARM ArchitectureThe architecture used in the chips developed by ARM, which is called the ARM architecture,is based on a RISC-Model with a special focus on small code-size, energy efficiencyand performance, which all are relevant features for embedded and mobile computing.1 http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2011/jan11/01-05socsupport.mspx2 http://pressroom.nvidia.com/easyir/customrel.do?easyirid=A0D622CE9F579F09&version=live&releasejsp=release_157&xhtml=true&prid=705184
Page 1: INSTITUT FÜR INFORMATIKSoftwaretec
Page 5: AbstractA large part of the computi
Page 9: 31 IntroductionARM cores are presen
Page 13 and 14: 2.2 The ARM Architecture 7The curre
Page 15 and 16: 2.2 The ARM Architecture 9and from
Page 17 and 18: 113 Just-in-Time CompilationJust-in
Page 19 and 20: 3.2 Trace Based Just-In-Time Compil
Page 21 and 22: 154 PyPyThe PyPy project was starte
Page 23 and 24: 175 PyPy’s Approach to Tracing JI
Page 25 and 26: 5.1 The Shape of a Trace 19program
Page 27 and 28: 5.2 Optimizations 21loop_start(a0,
Page 29 and 30: 236 A Backend for PyPy’s JITIn th
Page 31 and 32: 6.1 Low level Code Generation Inter
Page 33 and 34: 6.2 Register Allocation 27def gen_l
Page 35 and 36: 6.3 Setup to Execute a Compiled Loo
Page 37 and 38: 6.4 Compiling Trace Operations 31Ac
Page 39 and 40: 6.4 Compiling Trace Operations 33of
Page 41 and 42: 6.5 Guards and Leaving the Loop 35o
Page 43 and 44: 37ARM using a cross compiler, such
Page 45 and 46: 8.2 Benchmarks 398.2.1 Python Bench
Page 47 and 48: 8.2 Benchmarks 41Benchmark cpython
Page 49 and 50: 8.2 Benchmarks 43Ratio6x5x4x3x2x1x0
Page 51 and 52: 8.2 Benchmarks 458.2.2 Prolog Bench
Page 53 and 54: 8.2 Benchmarks 47SWInojit, boehmjit
Page 55 and 56: 499 Related WorkThere are many virt
Page 57 and 58: 5111 AnnexBenchmark cpython [ms] no
Page 59 and 60: REFERENCES 53References[AACM07] ANC
Page 61 and 62:
REFERENCES 55annual ACM SIGPLAN con
Page 63 and 64:
LIST OF FIGURES 57List of Figures1
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An ARM Backend for PyPyls Tracing JIT - STUPS Group

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