Second Russian National Dialogue On Energy, Society And Security

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Second Russian National Dialogue on ENERGY, SOCIETY AND SECURITYkm 2 for 60 Co, 3.5 Ci/km 2 for 152 Eu, and 0.05 Ci/km 2 for 90 Sr and 137 Cs.• The trail from the on-water explosion in Cape Cherny that stretchesfrom the bay to the northeast. The maximum exposure rate is 25 µR/hr.Radioactive fallout here contains 90 Sr and 137 Cs at a density of 0.1–1.2Ci/km 2 .• The trail from an underground explosion in a cavity caused by the early(defined as within 20 minutes) escape of IRG. The maximum exposuredose in the cavity is 25 µR/hr. The pollution density of residual 137 Csdoes not exceed 1 Ci/km 2 .4. The gamma-radiation survey and an analysis of samples taken in the northernisland have shown that there are four “stains” at Sukhoy Nos, in the center of whichthe exposure rate is higher and is more than double the natural radiation background.The areas of the stains measure 0.5, 0.3, 0.3 and 0.4 km 2 . The maximum pollutiondensities are as follows: 0.05 Ci/km 2 for 60 Co, 0.5 Ci/km 2 for 137 Cs, and 0.6 Ci/km 2for 152 Eu.5. On the site of underground tests near the Matochkin Straight, in addition toone HPZ, there are other zones with increased radiation levels compared to theglobal pollution level: these are the epicentral zones of individual explosions. Themaximum exposure rates of these relatively small areas are 0.7 Ci/km 2 for 137 Cs and0.8 Ci/km 2 for 90 Sr.Assessments of the possible and actual spread of atmospheric masses from all of thenuclear tests that were conducted at Novaya Zemlya have shown that the dose receivedby the population over the period of time since the nuclear explosions were conductedand to the present time do not exceed several rem, which is lower than the doses receivedfrom natural radionuclides present in the Earth’s crust and the atmosphere.One could also say that these parts of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago near the testrange, and the absence of any regular population on the islands has actually improvedthe conditions for the flora and fauna and have made it possible to essentially make thetest area a natural preservation area with a relatively wide variety of wild animals andbirds. The islands are inhabited by reindeer (the rare Novaya Zemlya reindeer), arcticfoxes, lemmings, and polar bears. The lakes and rivers are home to a variety of fish. Inthe summer, seagulls, willocks, kiddaws, geese, ducks, swans and other birds come tonest.About the Nuclear Cultural Legacy at Novaya Zemlya: A Monument to theHistory of Nuclear WeaponsIn 1995–1998, the Russian Scientific Research Institute for Cultural and NaturalLegacy published several unique volumes edited by Petr Boyarsk, Candidate of Physicsand Mathematics, and Professor Aleksandr Lyutyi (11–13). These publications were thefirst to showcase nearly 200 historical and cultural monuments of the Novaya Zemlyaarchipelago, including those dedicated to the history of the Russian nuclear program.These monuments were indicated on a map of Novaya Zemlya Titles “A Natural andCultural Legacy,” co-authored with Anatoliy Matushchenko).This map was made possible by contributions from the Russian National Atlas ofCultural and Natural Heritage, the Center of Comprehensive Expedition Research [Tsentrkompleksnykh ekspeditsionnykh issledovanii], and the Russian Scientific ResearchInstitute for Cultural and Natural Legacy, which seeks to develop unique historical and314
Second Russian National Dialogue on ENERGY, SOCIETY AND SECURITYnatural territories based on original materials from the Arctic Maritime Expedition from1988–1995. This was the first publication of its kind in 1995, and it opened the doorto a series of maps highlighting the natural and cultural legacy of the Arctic based onexpedition reports.In particular, the map’s index includes site No. 68 (D-2 on the map) described as:“Historical monuments to the nuclear weapons program: a complex of structures from1957 (two bunkers, an aerial lift bridge, and a settlement of the automatic commandcenter “D” for conducting atmospheric nuclear explosions until 1962. The Northwestcoast of Gribova Bay. Arctic Maritime Expedition, 1993–1995 (12).”In turn, in another publication (13) the figures and photographs show: “the remainsof the structures of the nuclear test range, located on the northern coast of the GribovaBay, 25 km from its neck, in the depression in the southernmost edge of the eastern slopeof the Klochkovsky peninsula (the base of the peninsula is located between the mouthof the Promyslovaya River to the east and the Brach Bay to the west) near the coast ofMityushikha Bay, west of Klochkovsky mountain, at the top of the hill.”A Description of the MonumentThe main part of the structure is located near a wedge in the pier in the bay builtfrom boulders. By the base of the ledge of the pier, 16 meters from the coastline, thereis a wooden structure with a slanted roof — this was a radiation monitoring point. Thewalls of the building and the entryway from the outside are more than halfway coveredin gravel. The structure has two rooms, divided in the middle by a foyer with an entrancefrom the northwest and a stove across from the entrance. Doorways lead from the foyerinto the rooms. There are wooden plank bunk beds along the walls of the rooms.The structure also marks the beginning of a dirt road that leads to the southwesttoward a reinforced concrete bunker that served as a shelter for equipment. Along bothsides of the road, stretched out along the southeast and northwest lines, there are anumber of rectangular platforms with wooden rostrums, apparently the remains of a tentcity. The platforms are the bases for canvas tents with wooden frames, some of whichhave remained intact. There are two structures that share a vestibule lined with boards.One of the buildings still has a red brick stove and part of a timber frame.Forty meters to the east from a series of platforms, there are two iron cisterns lyingon their sides with the openings positioned upward. To the northwest of the group ofstructures (500 meters along the bottom of the depression) there are a number of woodenposts that end at two wooden sheds. One of the sheds stands 17 meters from the coast. Atthe bottom (also in the space between the structures and the sheds) there are two largecone-shaped piles of gravel, about five meters across. The entire area of the depressionis littered with 200-liter barrels that were used to contain flammable liquid. To the southfrom the piles of gravel, the coast is strewn with bits of metal constructions, woodenboxes, scraps from electric and telephone wires, and construction and household trash.Approximately 45 meters to the north of the platforms, not far from the edge of thewater, there is a wooden drum dug into the pebbly soil. The remains of the gate are postswith crosspieces.The remains of the facilities include the following structures: entrance structures,structures for the transport and storage of freight (a berth), a reinforced concrete bunkerused to shelter equipment, structures for official and residential purposes, an explosionobservation point at the top of the peninsula, and other parts of the infrastructure315
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Registration of Dialogue participan
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Conference participants just before
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Aleksandr Nikitin, Director of the
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Behind a photographer, Mr. Nasibov,
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Ms. Yudina, Special Energy Correspo
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Yuriy Cherepnin, Director of Resear
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Valeriy Men’shchikov, Co-Director
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International Dialogue participants
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RosAtom employees at the Dialogue,
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During a plenary session at the Dia
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At the podium: Vyacheslav Khatuntse
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The panel for the plenary session o
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Sergey Baranovsky, President of Gre
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Anatolii Nazarov, Member of the Rus
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Roundtable discussion on the Cold W
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In the middle, Rita S. Guenther, Se
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Anna Vinogradova, Head of the Balak
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The chief organizer of the St. Pete
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