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The data presented here allowed us to come to the following conclusions:Crosses between winter wheat varieties and spring wheat lines received from <strong>CIMMYT</strong> may serve asa prospective method to create the variability for breeding winter wheat in the Ukrainian steppe zone.Data on the combining ability of agronomically important traits should be taken into account inselecting parents for Winter x spring crosses.2. The main problem in breeding winter x spring crosses is to obtain winter genotypes with sufficient levelof frost resistance The frequency of winter genotypes in such crosses depends on the presence ofparticular Vrn genes in spring genotypes. The level of frost resistance depends on the frost resistanceof winter parents and to some extent on spring parents.3. High yielding frost tolerant winter genotypes can be selected from winter x spring crosses if theycombine high vernalization response with relative neutrality to day length.ReferencesKirichenko, F.G. 1962. Methods for breeding frost resistant, high yielding and high quality bread anddurum winter wheat varieties. In: Methods of wheat breeding for frost resistance. Moscow. pp. 5-23(in Russian).Lukyanenko, P.P. 1973. Breeding and seed production of winter wheat. In: Selected works. Moscow. 448p. (in Russian).Lyfenko, S.F. 1987. Semidwarf varieties of winter wheat. Kiev, Yield, 192 p. (in Russian).20
Table 1. Spring bread wheat lines widely used as donors of agronomically important traits.Line Agronomically important characters 1KWP PTP KWS KNS 1000KW PW LRR SRR PMR SR 8MaMN 73157CIANO 79ZhuravkaStrain 114OT 4083F1281iLOLYO/BLYYOKLTNKTBUCBCI/PVNStrain 123Strain 115Veery #5• - valuable source of a trait•• - very valuable source of a trait, KWP - kernel weight per plant; PTP - productive tillers per plant; KWS - kernel weight per spike; KNS - kernel numberper spike; 1OOOKW - 1000 kernel weight: PW - plant weight; LRR - leaf rust resistance; SRR - stem rust resistance; PMR powdery mildew resistance; SR - Septaria resistance; SMQ - bread making quality.Table 2. Efficiency of different crossing schemes between winter and spring wheatvarieties in winter wheat breeding, 1985-1990.Crossing schemes xWWxS(SxW) x S(SxW) x W(F1 SxW)x(F1 SxW)S x W(F5-F7) x WF2 populationsF5-F7 linesnumber frost number selectedresistance. % 0/036 54.4 2113 3,953 63.1 5206 7,276 28.6 3817 2.659 79.8 6270 12.037 51.9 3211 2.285 86.4 10200 22.721
Page 3: CIMMYT is an internationally funded
Page 6 and 7: The Wheat Program's structure and t
Page 8 and 9: Slow rusting genes to leaf rust wer
Page 10 and 11: The seven-cycle scheme outlined bel
Page 12 and 13: ME4: Low rainfall; 21.6 million ha:
Page 14 and 15: The International Winter Wheat Impr
Page 16 and 17: approach it is possible to select f
Page 18 and 19: Eyupoglu et al. (1993) showed that
Page 20 and 21: Selected activities and accomplishm
Page 22 and 23: 3. Double crosses F1 (S x W) x F1 (
Page 26 and 27: Table 3. The relationship between a
Page 28 and 29: Role of International Wheat Nurseri
Page 30 and 31: involved parties. We should have re
Page 32 and 33: characteristics of some recent wint
Page 34 and 35: Backcrossing of the hybrids with th
Page 36 and 37: In 1974 the Institute submitted the
Page 38 and 39: History, Achievements, and Perspect
Page 40 and 41: translocation. These are Kavkaz, Au
Page 42 and 43: Lee J-H., Graybosch R.A., Kaeppler
Page 44 and 45: Table 3. Derivatives of Russian cul
Page 46 and 47: is based on a cross Lutescens 6915/
Page 48 and 49: The combined resistance to leaf rus
Page 50 and 51: Developing Winter Wheat Germplasm o
Page 52 and 53: Table 2. Winter hardiness and other
Page 54 and 55: squ produced 2% awnless plants in M
Page 56 and 57: grains per spike and spikelet as we
Page 58 and 59: p' jsiology and Biochemistry Resear
Page 60 and 61: Phytopathological Characteristics o
Page 62 and 63: Resistance to S, tntiei is manifest
Page 64 and 65: Breeding aimed at developing winter
Page 66: wheats are more easily transformed

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