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Developing Winter Wheat Germplasm of Woodlands EcotypeYu,V Olshanski, II.K Kotko,1 L.N Sheredeko,1 and VP. Andriyash'During the past two decades harmful diseases of winter wheat capable of decreasing yield by 30% andmore have spread widely on the right-bank forest-steppe zone and the woodlands of Ukraine, These areseptoria, certain types of roots rots. powdery mildew and enzyme-mycosis depletion of grain, Theirinvariable epiphytotlcs revealed the absence of resistant genotypes in the assortment of winter wheatvarieties cultivated in the region. Due to this a great number of cultivars were introduced into the region.including poorly adapted ones, Suffice it to say that more than 20 cultivars have been Included in the statevariety register list in this zone. This multivarietal phenomenon affects all-state systems of elite seedproduction negatively.The lack of breeding material resistant and/or tolerant to above mentioned diseases and adapted towoodland conditions represents a major breeding challenge. Since 1980 much attention has been paid todisease resistance, along with productivity and grain quality, Up to 3000-5000 entries were screenedannually, including 300-800 from collection nurseries.It was found that among materials being used in the breeding process there are no genotypes which areabsolutely resistant to root rots and septoria. Therefore one should only consider the degree of susceptibilitywhich does not cause serious yield losses. For most types of root rots and septaria, a level of 10-20% wasestablished and for powdery mildew, 25-30%. In 1981-1988 two cultivars relatively resistant to mostaggressive diseases were identified (Table 1). In addition varieties Capelle Desprez, VPM-1, Roazon(France); Walda Holma (Sweden); Vala. Siavia (Czech Republic), Remus, Pivot (Germany); Fuzz. Oasis.Arthur (USA), some accessions of T spe/ta. Aegi/ops cilindrica; wheat-AgroPYron and wheat-Aegi/opsintermediate forms also demonstrated some resistance. However, when being crossed many of them causeproblems due to poor winter hardiness and bread making properties. Cultivars from Mironovka WheatInstitute as well as those from Russia (Tambovitsa 12, Don 85, Severnaya zarya) and Ukraine (Donetskaya48, Kharkovskaya 50, Kharkovskaya 90. Strumok Odesskiy) are the best parents for crossing.The weather conditions of 1994 allowed excellent differentiation for winter hardiness; data for some entriesidentified are presented in Table 2. The combination of traits mentioned above makes it possible to developnew breeding material representing woodlands ecotype.A number of resistant varieties and lines have been developed by the department of breeding and seedproduction of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences. These are Polesskaya 87, Polesskaya 90,7126-93 developed under artificial disease inoculation (Table 3).Variety Po[esskaya 90 has been released in the region of Kiev Breeding Center. It is characterized by highdisease resistance with comparatively insignificant advantage in yield over the check (+0.22 tlha). The grainquality of this variety is very good and it is classified as valuable quality wheat. It does not need chemicaltreatment against diseases and therefore is environmentally safe. The area planted under Polesskaya 90totals about 50,000 ha., Ukrainian Institute of Agronomy, pia Chabany, Kiev reg, 255205 Ukraine.46
ConclusionsResearch conducted in 1980-94 indicates that high and stable yields in the woodland zone of Ukrainecan be cbtained by cultivating varieties resistant to diseases and tolerant to stresses associated withextreme humidity of soil and air.2. Screening of local and foreign germplasm allowed us to identify entries resistant to unfavorable localconditions. Crossing these genotypes with winter hardy and good quality varieties resulted in breedingmaterials with the right combination of desirable traits.3. Newly released variety Polesskaya 90 possesses complex resistance to diseases and tolerance tospecific conditions of the woodland zone. Its cultivation ensures environmentally friendly grainproduction. This variety will serve as a basis for future wheat improvement for the woodland zone ofUkraine.Table 1. Performance of the best disease resistant varieties, Ukrainian Institute of Agronomy,1986-1988.Percentage of disease developmentPowdery Leaf Lodging SedimentVariety Origin C. herpotr. Take-all Root rot Septoria mildew rust resist. valuePolesskaya 70 Ukraine 43 7 33 35 20 20 3 46Zernogradka 6 RUSSia 38 1 27 25 15 15 5 61Zernogradka 3 40 6 38 25 15 10 4+ 51Ziatoklas Bulgaria 23 2 29 25 15 20 5- 55Lada 23 1 25 35 15 40 5-151694 29 2 22 23 10 20 5- 51Taras Germany 22 2 28 20 15 15 4 36Facta 34 2 27 17 5-10 5-10 5 3972/837 Czech Rep. 34 4 26 22 5-10 5·10 5- 43Lena 23 5 28 30 15 20 4+ 44S08123 38 2 26 20 5 25 4 33Transilvania 35 6 30 20 5 0-5 5- 46Pol 2708/74 Poland 36 7 29 20 0-5 10-15 4 42Gk7759 Hungary 20 19 24 25 10 20 4Rafa France 10 0 23 22 10 20 3 43R3.7 16 0 30 20 10 5 5- 31Major 21 5 30 22 10 25 5- 4847
Page 3: CIMMYT is an internationally funded
Page 6 and 7: The Wheat Program's structure and t
Page 8 and 9: Slow rusting genes to leaf rust wer
Page 10 and 11: The seven-cycle scheme outlined bel
Page 12 and 13: ME4: Low rainfall; 21.6 million ha:
Page 14 and 15: The International Winter Wheat Impr
Page 16 and 17: approach it is possible to select f
Page 18 and 19: Eyupoglu et al. (1993) showed that
Page 20 and 21: Selected activities and accomplishm
Page 22 and 23: 3. Double crosses F1 (S x W) x F1 (
Page 24 and 25: The data presented here allowed us
Page 26 and 27: Table 3. The relationship between a
Page 28 and 29: Role of International Wheat Nurseri
Page 30 and 31: involved parties. We should have re
Page 32 and 33: characteristics of some recent wint
Page 34 and 35: Backcrossing of the hybrids with th
Page 36 and 37: In 1974 the Institute submitted the
Page 38 and 39: History, Achievements, and Perspect
Page 40 and 41: translocation. These are Kavkaz, Au
Page 42 and 43: Lee J-H., Graybosch R.A., Kaeppler
Page 44 and 45: Table 3. Derivatives of Russian cul
Page 46 and 47: is based on a cross Lutescens 6915/
Page 48 and 49: The combined resistance to leaf rus
Page 52 and 53: Table 2. Winter hardiness and other
Page 54 and 55: squ produced 2% awnless plants in M
Page 56 and 57: grains per spike and spikelet as we
Page 58 and 59: p' jsiology and Biochemistry Resear
Page 60 and 61: Phytopathological Characteristics o
Page 62 and 63: Resistance to S, tntiei is manifest
Page 64 and 65: Breeding aimed at developing winter
Page 66: wheats are more easily transformed

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