Antenna Performance in Fixed Wireless Broadband ... - Cvt-dallas.org
Antenna Performance in Fixed Wireless Broadband ... - Cvt-dallas.org
Antenna Performance in Fixed Wireless Broadband ... - Cvt-dallas.org
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Trends & Market DriversGlobal Deregulation andPrivatizationConvergence of telecom anddata services on packetnetworksDemand for bandwidthInternet and Metcalfe’s lawGlobal FrequencyCoord<strong>in</strong>ationNew bus<strong>in</strong>ess modelsDecreas<strong>in</strong>gEquipmentCostsIncreas<strong>in</strong>gRevenuePotentialTechnologyInnovationGrowth of<strong>Wireless</strong>Industry<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 4
BWA Success FactorsMatur<strong>in</strong>g technology that supports “carrierclass” services and bandwidth on demandDecreas<strong>in</strong>g cost of radio equipmentEconomic advantages of wireless! Capacity for broadband services! Speed of deployment! Incremental CapEx – build to customers! Infrastructure cost<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 5
LMDS MarketPosition<strong>in</strong>g•Key market segments for LMDS areSOHO, small and medium bus<strong>in</strong>essesSource: Strategis Group<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 6
BWA/LMDSService Viewpo<strong>in</strong>tSpectrum of services targeted primarilyto small and medium sized bus<strong>in</strong>essesnot served by fiber!Voice, <strong>in</strong>ternet, video, and othermultimedia-based services!New applications that exploit the<strong>in</strong>teractivity and convenience enabled bybroadband (e-commerce, e-bus<strong>in</strong>ess, etc)<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 7
BWA/LMDSService Viewpo<strong>in</strong>tMultiple service tiers with web-basedprovision<strong>in</strong>gBandwidth-on-demand with data ratesof up to 155 mbps<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 8
<strong>in</strong> Millions<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Wireless</strong>4.543.532.521.510.50Source: Insight ResearchAccess L<strong>in</strong>esCAGR: 75.6%1998-20041998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 9
<strong>Broadband</strong> Subs byTechnology2003Cable Modem38%xDSL12%Other17%LMDS14%Source: Telecompetition, 1999ISDN19%<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 10
Global LMDS Equipmentand Service RevenueForecast350030002500<strong>in</strong> Millions20001500Equipment RevenuesService Revenue100050002000 2001 2002 2003Source: Frost and Sullivan, 1999<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 11
<strong>Wireless</strong> <strong>Broadband</strong>ArchitectureSource:EnsembleCommunications<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 12
BWA ArchitecturesModulation/Capacity! QPSK/16QAM/64QAM! Adaptive ModulationChannelization! FDD, TDDMultiple Access Scheme! FDMA, TDM/TDMA, TDMA/TDMA<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 13
Equipment ComparisonsCompanyEnsemble(ADC)Netro(Lucent)Alcatel/NewbridgeNortelSpectrapo<strong>in</strong>t(Mot/Cisco)Wavtrace(Harris)ProductFiberlessAirstarMa<strong>in</strong>streetExpressReunionSP2200PTM1000MultipleAccessControlDownl<strong>in</strong>kUpl<strong>in</strong>kTDMATDMATDMTDMATDMTDMATDMTDMA/FDMATDMFDMATDMATDMAModulationQPSK16QAM64QAMQPSKQPSK16QAM64QAMQPSKQPSK16QAM64QAMDuplex<strong>in</strong>gTDDFDDFDDFDDFDDTDDTransport ProtocolsIP ATM TDMATMATMATMATM IPIP ATMTDMSubscriber Interface4xT1/E14x10/100BTV.35/X.214xISDNT1/E110BTV.35/X.21T1/E110BT4xT1/E110BTATM254xT1/E110BT8xPOTSATM254xT1/E110BTSNMPYesYesYesYesYesYesHub <strong>Antenna</strong> TypeHigh<strong>Performance</strong>Low CostHigh<strong>Performance</strong>Low CostHigh<strong>Performance</strong>Low Cost<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 14
<strong>Antenna</strong> – Key to QOSDeterm<strong>in</strong>es ability to serve customers! Cell size! Cell coverage<strong>Antenna</strong> performance <strong>in</strong>fluences<strong>in</strong>frastructure cost! Number of cell sites/roof rights! Mitigation of <strong>in</strong>terference! Capacity<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 15
<strong>Antenna</strong> SpecificationsRadiation Pattern EnvelopesFrequency BandGa<strong>in</strong>Input VSWRAmplitude FlatnessPattern repeatabilityPhysical/MechanicalEnvironmental/Regulatory<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 16
Sector HornsHub <strong>Antenna</strong>Technologies! Typical ga<strong>in</strong> 15 dBi @ 90 degree! <strong>Broadband</strong> designs! Symmetric elevation pattern! Low cost<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 17
Array designsHub <strong>Antenna</strong>Technologies! Ga<strong>in</strong> limited to approx 19 dBi @ 90degrees! Can achieve excellent pattern performance! Bandwidth limit ~5%! Low aperture efficiency (
Hub <strong>Antenna</strong>TechnologiesHigh Ga<strong>in</strong> Aperture <strong>Antenna</strong>s! Separable azimuth and elevation apertures! Freq Range 10-17.5 % BW! Typical ga<strong>in</strong> 21 dBi @ 90 degrees orhigher! Asymmetric, shaped elevation pattern! Optimized for cell coverage! Supports RF <strong>in</strong>tegration to the antenna<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 19
Hub <strong>Antenna</strong>TechnologiesSecond Generation Aperture Designs! Comb<strong>in</strong>es pattern performance of arrayswith efficiency of s<strong>in</strong>gle aperture designs! ETSI CS2 compliant! Sector size 30-90 degrees! Typical ga<strong>in</strong> 21 dBi @ 90 degrees<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 20
Subscriber <strong>Antenna</strong>sTypical ga<strong>in</strong>: 37 dBiParabolic with cassegra<strong>in</strong> feedLens HornS<strong>in</strong>gle pol or dual polSource: AlcatelSource: Netro<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 21
Typical Sector<strong>Performance</strong>Sector size: 30-180 degreesGa<strong>in</strong>: 15-21 dBi @ 90 degreesVSWR: 1.5:1 maxAmplitude Flatness: 1 dB max across any 40 MHzsegmentElect/mechanical boresight! 0.5 deg elevation! 1 deg azimuthPatterns stable over frequency bandPatterns consistent <strong>in</strong> different cuts<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 22
ETSI Masks90 degree Hub <strong>Antenna</strong>0ETSI Azimuth Masks 11-40 GHz90 Degree Hub Sector <strong>Antenna</strong>Class CS2Class CS1-10Relative Ga<strong>in</strong>, dB-20-30-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180Azimuth Angle, degrees<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 23
ETSI Azimuth MaskCPE <strong>Antenna</strong>0ETSI Azimuth Masks 11-40 GHzCPE <strong>Antenna</strong>Class TS1-10Relative Ga<strong>in</strong>, dB-20-30-40-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180Azimuth Angle, degrees<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 24
Typical Azimuth Pattern90 degree Sector0M<strong>in</strong>imum Co-polEnvelopeMax Co-polEnvelope HH or VV-10Relative Ga<strong>in</strong>, dB-20Sector 4H-polSector 2V-polSector 1H-polSector 3V-polSector 4H-pol-30Max Cross-polEnvelope HV or VH-40-180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180Azimuth Angle, degrees<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 25
Typical Elevation RPESector Horn0Elevation Patterns for BCAC <strong>Antenna</strong>s-10BCAC090-250*-0AM-20Relative Ga<strong>in</strong>, dB-30-40-50-600 30 60 90 120 150 180Elevation Angle <strong>in</strong> degrees (90 = horizontal)<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 26
Typical Elevation RPEAsymmetric Pattern0-2-4-6-8-10-12RELATIVE GAIN (DBI)-14-16-18-20-22-24-26-28-30-32-34-36-38-4080 90 100 110 120 130ELEVATION ANGLE (DEG)<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 27
System ConsiderationsGa<strong>in</strong> vs. CoverageCell geometryPattern designSystem Plann<strong>in</strong>gInstallation<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 28
Ga<strong>in</strong> vs. Cell AreaCell Radius vs. <strong>Antenna</strong> Ga<strong>in</strong>2.52Cell Radius, miles1.5115 dBi21 dBi0.50New Orleans Dallas Philadelphia M<strong>in</strong>neapolis Denver SanFranciscoRegionPhoenixAverage Cell Area Increase: 44%Source Data: Alcatel99.999% Availability<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 29
Path Loss - SimplifiedPath Loss vs. Ra<strong>in</strong> AttenuationPath Loss, dB1701601501401301201101000.1 1.1 2.1 3.1Distance (km)Free Space2 dB/km ra<strong>in</strong>5 dB/km ra<strong>in</strong>10 dB/km ra<strong>in</strong><strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 30
Path Loss FactorsFree space loss (atmospheric)Precipitation rates, drop size andshape 1FoliageDiffractionReflection/Scatter1ITU-R models, Crane’s model<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 31
Other Loss FactorsWater on antenna radome! Sparse research available! Films vs. droplets! Andrew test<strong>in</strong>g: ~2.5 dB/antennaIce! Difficult to predict! Pattern effects can be significant! Anti-ic<strong>in</strong>g heaters can be used, but $$<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 32
Cell GeometryDegrees Below Horizontal2010.550 m1.0 km2.0 km• 99.95% of the cell area is covered by 0 to 20 degree elevation range• Assumptions:Hub Tower Height = 21 mSubscriber <strong>Antenna</strong> Height = 3 mFlat Earth<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 33
Elevation Pattern Design15 dBi HornRelative Power, dB0-5-10-15-20-25-30-35-40-45404458.8 -24.24 -31.2 40 -24.8483 -38.028359 -24.01 -31 41 -24.6339 -37.793959.2 -23.81 -30.8 41 -24.6339 -37.793959.4 -23.83 -30.6 41 -24.6339 -37.7939 059.6 -23.82 -30.4 42 -24.4246 -37.5646 <strong>Antenna</strong> Pattern59.8 -23.77 -30.2 42 -24.4246 -37.5646 Response -560 -23.79 -30 42 -24.4246 -37.5646 Free -10Space Loss60.2 -23.84 -29.8 43 -24.2202 -37.340260.4 -23.93 -29.6 43 -24.2202 -37.3402 -1520 dB/km ra<strong>in</strong>60.6 -24.01 -29.4 43 -24.2202 -37.3402-2060.8 -24.17 -29.2 44 -24.0205 -37.120561 -24.6 -29 44 -24.0205 -37.1205 -2561.2 -24.87 -28.8 44 -24.0205 -37.120561.4 -25.09 -28.6 45 -23.8253 -36.9053-3061.6 -25.34 -28.4 45 -23.8253 -36.9053 -3561.8 -25.56 -28.2 46 -23.6344 -36.6944Distance from Hub (m)62 -25.77 -28 46 -23.6344 -36.6944 -405056647488106133• 0.7 km cell• <strong>Antenna</strong> 15 dBi @ 90 deg• Hub Ant – CPE Ant height = 27m178265513049<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 34
HG Elevation Pattern<strong>Antenna</strong> Pattern vs. Required Level0-5Relative Power, dB-10-15-20-25-30-35-4042 51 64 84 119 199 570Range, mFree SpaceLossHG <strong>Antenna</strong>Response20 dB/km ra<strong>in</strong>• 0.7 km Cell• <strong>Antenna</strong> 21 dBi@ 90 deg•Hub Ant – CPE Ant height = 27m<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 35
HG Elevation Pattern<strong>Antenna</strong> Pattern vs. Required LevelRelative Power, dB100-10-20-30-40-50-60-7044 54 68 90 132 235 1010Range, mFree SpaceLossHG <strong>Antenna</strong>Response20 dB/km ra<strong>in</strong>• 1.5 km Cell• <strong>Antenna</strong> 21 dBi@ 90 deg•Hub Ant – CPE Ant height = 27m<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 36
Typical Hub <strong>Antenna</strong>s15 dBi/90 degreeCompact Sector21 dBi/90 degreeHigh Ga<strong>in</strong> Sector<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 37
System Plann<strong>in</strong>gPlann<strong>in</strong>g is multi-dimensional! Path loss and l<strong>in</strong>e of sight! Fresnel zone clearance! C/(N+I) analysis! Optimal site locations! Ra<strong>in</strong> fadeSoftware tools essential for success! EDX! W<strong>in</strong>plan<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 38
Coverage AnalysisProgram:TelecordiaW<strong>in</strong>plan<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 39
<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 40
Subscriber Analysis<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 41
Terra<strong>in</strong> Analysis<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 42
<strong>Antenna</strong> Installation<strong>Antenna</strong> alignment<strong>Antenna</strong>/RF <strong>in</strong>tegrationMultiple antenna mount<strong>in</strong>gConcealmentEase of CPE <strong>in</strong>stallation<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 43
Summary<strong>Antenna</strong> selection is key to your QOS andability to reach customersPattern performance is key for sectorantennasWide range of solutions needed! High performance, low cost! Range of sector sizes! Frequency band coverageUse system plann<strong>in</strong>g to validate performanceConsider <strong>in</strong>stallation issues<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 44
Contact InformationMike WolfeBus<strong>in</strong>ess Unit Manager,<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsAndrew CorporationPhone: 972-952-9724Email: mike.wolfe@andrew.com<strong>Broadband</strong> <strong>Antenna</strong> ProductsCopyright © 2000 45
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