Namibia Second National Communication to UNFCCC 2011.pdf

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NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY | page 363. National greenhouse3.1 INTRODUCTIONThe Namibian Greenhouse Gas Inventory for Year 2000 (Hartzand Smith, 2008) is the second inventory to be prepared forNamibia, with the first inventory (1994 Inventory; du Plessis, 1999)reported on in the Initial National Communication (Republic ofNamibia, 2002). This inventory has been prepared in accordancewith the requirements for non-Annex I PARTIES decision as laidout in UNFCCC decision 17/CP.8 (paragraphs 2, 6 through 24).In particular, estimates have been made for certain emissions foryears other than 2000 (Para 7) in order to provide context for the2000 emissions estimates; revised 1996 guidelines have beenemployed (para 8); where appropriate and possible country-specificemissions factors have been employed (Para 10); a selectednumber of key source and sink analyses have been undertaken(paras 12 and 14); both sectoral and reference approaches havebeen applied for fuel combustion emissions in key sectors (para18); separate reporting of international aviation bunker fuels areestimated (para 19); and efforts to describe sources of uncertaintyhave been made, where these are deemed critical (para 24).3.1.1 DATA COLLECTION INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTSNamibia does not currently have a designated institution that istasked with the collection, storage and analysis of greenhouseemission and removal data (though it is noted that MET - DEAand the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) providecontinuous support and oversight of climate change issues ingeneral). As a result, this work is currently undertaken through aconsultancy process only when required, and the data requiredare not managed centrally on a continuous basis. The process ofcontacting individuals and organisations during the data collectionprocess is extensive and time consuming. The process could besignificantly improved if a government entity such as the NationalPlanning Commission Central Bureau of Statistics or MET – DEAcould be capacitated (through staffing, training, and funding) toperform greenhouse gas data collection, management, storageon a continuous basis, and analysis when required. A detailedlist of the approximately 50 individuals who were contacted fordata supply during the preparation of this inventory is provided inAppendix 1.The following key documents were critical to the preparation ofthe 2000 Inventory:First Greenhouse Gas Inventory: A Report on Sources and Sinksof Greenhouse Gases in Namibia in 1994 (1994 Inventory). APreliminary Overview was commissioned in 1999 by MET and wasone of three reports that served as the foundation for the InitialNational Communication (INC) to the United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change (Republic of Namibia, 2002). Thereport was referred to on several occasions in the developmentof approaches to obtain, confirm and present greenhouse gasemissions data. The author (P. du Plessis) was also consultedduring the preparation of this report.Review of Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors in Namibia. The Reviewof Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors in Namibia, commissionedby MET and published in March 2005, provides a detailed reviewof the Inventory prepared for year 1994, and makes a number ofNamibia Second National Communication to the UNFCCC
NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY | page 37recommendations about how to reduce uncertainties in futuregreenhouse gas inventories for Namibia. These recommendationshave been followed whenever possible in the preparation of thisreport.Revised 1996 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:Reference Manual (Volumes 1-3). The Revised 1996 Guidelineswere consulted frequently, and various default values required forthe IPCC data sheets were obtained from the Reference Manual.Namibia Energy Review for the UNFCCC (Republic of Namibia,2007b). The report is one of several climate change-related reportsthat was commissioned by MET during 2007-2008 with fundingassistance from UNDP. The report provided useful data regardingbiomass consumption and growth.Bush Encroachment in Namibia (2004). This report was preparedby JN de Klerk for the Ministry of Environment and Tourism andwas published in 2004. The report provides important data andinformation regarding bush encroachment in Namibia.Petroleum Wholesalers’ Database, Managed in South Africa byCaltex. The Caltex head office in South Africa manages a databasefor all petroleum wholesalers in South Africa. This databaseincludes records of all petroleum products exported to Namibia.These exports (imports to Namibia) have been recorded in adisaggregated and detailed manner, identifying the sector in whichthe fuel has been utilized.3.1.2 IMPROVEMENTS AND REVISIONS OF THE 2000 INVENTORYRELATIVE TO THE 1994 INVENTORYA number of improvements AND REVISIONS have beenincorporated into the Year 2000 Inventory. Most improvementsare due to the thorough review of the Year 1994 Inventory thatwas performed in the 2005 report, Review of Greenhouse GasEmission Factors in Namibia, and the recommendations containedtherein. Other improvements are due to the approach taken by theconsulting team who prepared the Year 2000 Inventory.The following is a summary of the improvements made inaccordance with the recommendations of Review of GreenhouseGas Emission Factors in Namibia:• The specific gravity values for petroleum fuels provided inAppendix C of Review of Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors inNamibia were used instead of IPCC values.• Tier 2 calculated methane emission factors were utilizedfor domestic livestock as provided for by the Review ofGreenhouse Gas Emission Factors in Namibia.• Satellite mapping of wild-land fire scars were utilized,together with fuel load values and emission factors providedin the Review of Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors in Namibiato determine the emissions from savanna wild-land fires (wildlandfires refer to managed and un-managed vegetation firesdue to human and natural ignitions, and consuming variousproportions of above ground biomass mainly in grasslandsand savannas).• Estimated greenhouse gas emissions from wastewatertreatment based on available data from the 2001 Populationand Housing Census (NPC, 2003) and other population/sanitation sources, and on the nitrous oxide emission factorprovided in Review of Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors inNamibia.The following is a summary of the improvements made by theconsulting team for the Year 2000 Inventory:• The recorded amount of fuel consumed by the fishing,agricultural and mining subsectors was independentlyconfirmed based on an approach that established a consistentcorrelation between the output production levels of the subsectorsand the amount of fuel consumed.• The amount of paint sold in Namibia was estimated,although this data could not be utilised to calculategreenhouse gas emissions because IPCC has not yetmade available to non-Annex I countries excel worksheets,calculation methods or emission factors for the Solventssector.• Improved estimate of the amount of carbon dioxideremoved from invader bush. New data were available for thisInventory which was not available for the Year 1994 Inventory.The data concerns the estimated annual increase in mass ofinvader bush. The data were obtained from the 2007 report,Namibia Energy Review for the UNFCCC, which sourced thedata from MET-DEA.3.1.3 SUMMARY OF INVENTORY RESULTSTable 3.1 shows calculated greenhouse gas emissions andremovals, disaggregated by major sector and compared with the1994 inventory.Table 3.1: Calculated greenhouse gas emissions for Year 2000 and comparison of results with Year 1994.1CO 2equivalence factors are 21 for methane and 310 for nitrous oxideSector Year 2000carbondioxide(CO 2)emission(Gg)Year 2000carbondioxide(CO 2)removal(Gg)Year 2000methane(CH 4)emission(Gg)Year 2000nitrousoxide (N 2O)emission(Gg)Year 2000carbon dioxideequivalent(CO 2-e)emission /removal (Gg) 1Year 1994 carbon Year 2000dioxide equivalent nitrogen(CO 2-e) emission oxides/ removal (Gg) 1 (NO 2)emission(Gg)Year 2000carbonmonoxide(CO)emission(Gg)Year 2000sulphuroxides(SO 2)emission(Gg)Energy 2,018 0 5.7 0.2 2,200 1,905 14 171 11 26IndustrialprocessesSolvents0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 4notcalculatednot calculatedAgriculture 0 0 310.5 0.7 6,738 3,712 27 1,580 0 0Land usechange andforestry6 -10,566 0 0 -10,560 -5,716 0 0 0 0Waste 0 0 5.6 0.2 180 63 (incompletecalculation)0 0 0 0Total 2,024 -10,566 322 1 -1,442 -31 41 1,751 11 30Year 2000non-methanevolatile organiccompounds(NMVOCs)emission (Gg)Namibia Second National Communication to the UNFCCC
Page 2 and 3: Namibia Second National Communicati
Page 4 and 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS| page 2Acknowledge
Page 6 and 7: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY| page 4a robust p
Page 8 and 9: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY| page 6IMPACTS, V
Page 10 and 11: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY| page 8fever and
Page 12 and 13: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY| page 10Framework
Page 14 and 15: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY| page 12rural com
Page 16 and 17: ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS| page 14Ab
Page 18 and 19: CONTENTS | page 164. Steps taken or
Page 20 and 21: INTRODUCTION | page 181. Introducti
Page 22 and 23: NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES | page 20is
Page 24 and 25: NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES | page 22No.
Page 26 and 27: NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES | page 24In
Page 28 and 29: NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES | page 26N$1
Page 30 and 31: NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES | page 28Fig
Page 32 and 33: NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES | page 30fro
Page 34 and 35: NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES | page 32In
Page 36 and 37: NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES | page 34(MH
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Page 58 and 59: STEPS TAKEN | page 564. Steps taken
Page 60 and 61: IMPACTS, VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATI
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IMPACTS, VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATI
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MEASURES TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE
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OTHER INFORMATION | page 100particu
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OTHER INFORMATION | page 102Stakeho
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OTHER INFORMATION | page 104water r
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OTHER INFORMATION | page 106• Ove
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CONSTRAINTS AND GAPS | page 1088. C
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CONSTRAINTS AND GAPS | page 110that
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CONSTRAINTS AND GAPS | page 112ASPE
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CONSTRAINTS AND GAPS | page 114Adap
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CONSTRAINTS AND GAPS | page 116If n
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REFERENCES | page 1118Management Pr
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APPENDICES | page 120AppendicesAppe
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APPENDICES | page 122OrganisationNa
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LIST OF TABLES | page 124List of Ta
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REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIAMinistry of Envi
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