PSEUDO-REDUPLICATION, REDUPLICATION AND REPETITION ...

228Andrei A. Avram 4However, there appears to be no demonstrable difference between themeaning of the reduplicated form and that of the base:(8) Mu'kati 'tai 'fi 'ya'de al 'abis. (Wellens 2003: 164)bread POSS.1SG COP here REL be dry‘My bread which is right here is dry.’Moreover, repetition of an adjective “also conveys the idea of intensity”(Wellens 2003: 79), as in the case of a reduplicated adjective:(9) La'ta 'ǧa 'hari, 'hari, 'hari na 'Hasan. (Wellens 2003: 81)weather come hot hot hot for Hasan‘The weather became very hot for Hasan.’Finally, reduplicated verbal adjectives may occasionally have an attenuatingmeaning (Miller 2003: 292):(10) kis'lan ‘lazy’ > kis'lan-kis'lan ‘sort of lazy’ (Miller 2003: 292)Reduplication of both non-numeral and numeral quantifiers is attested.Wellens (2003: 89) states that the non-numeral quantifiers “'kulu and 'sia oftenoccur reduplicated”. The following example illustrates reduplication of 'kulu ‘all':(11) Nubi 'kulu-'kulu (Wellens 2003: 89)Nubi all all‘all the Nubis’There appears to be no difference in meaning between the reduplicated formands the simplex one:(12) 'Ina 'ma gu- 'wonus kala'ma 'kulu 'fadi. (Wellens 2003: 202)1PL NEG PROG discuss matter.PL all openly‘We’re not discussing all matters openly.’Reduplication of 'kulu when used adverbially may involve a significantsemantic shift, indicative of lexicalization:(13) Kan ka'las 'uo za'lan 'mena ma'rai ta 'kulu-'kulu. (Wellens 2003: 122)if COMPL 3SG annoyed with.1PL once GEN all all‘Once he is annoyed with us it is for ever.’The following example illustrates reduplication of 'sia ‘a little, few’:(14) ta'buǧa 'sia-'sia (Wellens 2003: 89)habit few‘few habits’