PSEUDO-REDUPLICATION, REDUPLICATION AND REPETITION ...

232Andrei A. Avram 8(29) a. fašfaš / fasfas ‘lungs’ (Smith, Ama 1985: 132, Miller 1993: 161)b. keškeš ‘pleats’ (Smith, Ama 1985: 150)c. simsim ‘sesame’ (Smith, Ama 1985: 173)d. suksuk ‘beads’ (Smith, Ama 1985: 175)Wehr (1976: 714) lists fašfāš as Egyptian Arabic for ‘lungs’; a similar formpresumably occurs in Sudanese Arabic. The Egyptian Arabic verb kaškaša ‘topleat’ and the noun kaškaš ‘seam; hem, edge, border’ are listed in Wehr (1976:830); again, similar forms probably occur in Sudanese Arabic. With respect tosimsim and suksuk, Miller (2003: 291) writes that they “are also known inSudanese Colloquial Arabic”. Pseudo-reduplicated forms are also found amongAfrican-derived lexical items:(30) a. golonggolong / gulunggulung ‘round’ (Smith, Ama 1985: 137, Miller 1993:161)b. ǧokǧok ‘possession’ (Smith, Ama 1985: 145)c. ningning 10 / nyingnying ‘nag’ (Smith, Ama 1985: 164, Miller 1993:161)d. sukusuku ‘local gin’ (Smith, Ama 1985: 175)Miller (1993: 290) states that “noun reduplication appears to be restricted”,and only expresses a distributive meaning:(31) Nas géne baráo- baráo grúúp-grúúp. (Miller 2003: 291)people stay separate separate group group‘People were staying separately in groups.’However, distributiveness is also conveyed by repetition, often in conjunctionwith a reduplicated verb:(32) 'Umon bi- gáta-gáta híta, híta, híta. (Miller 2003: 291)3PL PROG cut cut piece piece piece‘They cut [the meat] in small pieces.’According to Miller (2003: 290), reduplicated nouns also express what shecalls an “augmentative” meaning, but all her examples actually illustrate repetition.One such example is given below:(33) Grús, grús, grús ligó wén fi zamán dé? (Miller 2003: 290)money money money find where in time DEM10 Also attested in Nubi, see example (2d), in section 2.