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Compilation and Review of Laws and Regulations in IndonesiaCompilation and Review of Laws and Regulations in Indonesiaand recommended by international institutions thathave placed monitoring, evaluation and adaptationas an important aspect in the process of planning,and in their implementation is an important phase intourism development.To facilitate their implementation monitoring andevaluation need to be regulated in a regulation orimplementation guideline. As mentioned before,within the next 2 years, the implementationregulation for Law No. 10 of 2009 will be draftedas implementation regulations, making it possibleto have the various requirements for monitoringand evaluation to be contained in this futureimplementation regulation.In addition, there is the Decree of the Minister ofCulture and Tourism No. KM64.HK.201/MKP/04 onregional tourism development. Yet this guidelinehas not touched on the importance of carryingout with monitoring and evaluation in tourismdevelopment. Therefore this Ministerial Decreecould be supplemented to accommodate theaspect of monitoring and evaluation in the planningand implementation of an activity. The standardand format that have been developed by variousinternational institutions can be used as a reference.c. Identification of the necessary measures to betaken to strengthen existing regulations as abasis to prepare for the drafting of new lawsAttempt to mainstream monitoring and evaluation intourism development policies such as in:• implementation regulation of Law No. 10 of 2009on Tourism• existing implementation regulations at nationallevel (Minister of Culture and and Tourism DecreeNo. KM64/HK.201/MKP/04 on regional tourismdevelopment.)• Regional regulations related to tourismDraft technical regulations as a lower level asguidelines for evaluation.3.1.8. Issues Related to Adaptive Implementationa. Review of laws and regulations and/ orrestrictive clauses related to the issues ofadaptive implementationAs in the case with monitoring and evaluationthere are no explicit laws that regulate adaptiveimplementation. Adaptive implementation is closelyrelated to monitoring and evaluation. Only throughmonitoring and evaluation will it be known when it isnecessary to take an adaptive measure.As mentioned above, although it is widelyunderstood that implementation is a cycle ofactivities starting with planning, operation,monitoring and evaluation and recovery oradaptation, the laws which regulate the processplanning and development tourism and biodiversityin Indonesia have not adequately regulated theprocess or activity of monitoring and evaluation. Itis different from the guidelines on planning whichhave been issued and recommended by internationalinstitutions that have placed monitoring, evaluationand adaptation as an important aspect in the processof planning, and in their implementation is animportant phase in tourism development.The Minister of Culture and Tourism Decree canbe changed/strengthen to accommodate theaspects of monitoring and evaluation in the planimplementation. Attempt to mainstream adaptiveimplementation in tourism development policiessuch as in:• Implementation Regulation of Law No. 10 of 2009on tourism• Existing implementation regulation at nationallevel (such as The Minister of Culture and TourismDecree No. KM64/HK.201/MKP/04 on regionaltourism development.)• Regional Regulations related to tourism.Draft technical regulations as a lower level asguidelines for evaluation.3.1.9. Issues Related to Education, Capacity andAwareness Buildinga. Review of laws and regulations and/or restrictiveclauses related to the issues of education,capacity and awareness building on the planningof an integrated approach for tourism andbiodiversity managementEducation, capacity and awareness building areissues that receive a lot of attention in connectionwith both the planning and implementation oftourism and biodiversity activities. Yet, they aregenerally regulated separately. In general Indonesianow is giving more significant attention to educationas shown in the government’s commitment toallocate 20 % of the state budget to education. Thisconstitutes an important opportunity to increaseknowledge and awareness of the Indonesian peopleon tourism and biodiversity through both formal andnon-formal education channels.The UN Convention on Biodiversity which Indonesiahas ratified through the Law No. 5 of 1994 of theRepublic of Indonesia on the ratification of the UNConvention on Biodiversity binds all concerned toimprove and carry out educational programs onscientific and technical training for identification,biodiversity conservation and sustainable use and itscomponents (Chapter 12)Those related are responsible to advance andencourage awareness of the importance, andefforts necessary to conserve biodiversity, throughpropaganda in the media, including this topic ineducation programs, and if appropriate, cooperationwith other countries and international organizationsin the development of education and communityawareness programs for conservation andsustainable use fields (Chapter 13).Regulation No. 14 of 1999 on Forestry also upliftsthat human resources as a power and capable ofutilizing and developing science and technology asan important component in the management offorest conservation. High quality human resourcesare developed through research development,improvement of education, training and awarenessbuilding on sustainable forestry (Chapters 52 and55). Awareness building is an important programto increase knowledge and skills that can changeattitudes and behavior of the community towardswillingness and support of forest development andawareness on the importance of forestry resourcesfor mankind (Chapter 56). The above regulationalso obliged the business world in field of forestryto set aside investment funds for research anddevelopment, education and training as well asawareness building programs on forestry.In relation with nature tourism business,Government Regulation No. 18 of 1994 on theOperation of Nature Tourism in Buffer Zones inNational parks, and nature tourism parks has notregulated the responsibility of the operators inthe field of forestry to invest funds for researchand development, education and training as wellas awareness building programs on forestry. Themanagement of coastal areas as regulated inRegulation No. 27 o 2007 also provides for education,capacity and awareness building through education,training and capacity building activities to be carriedout by the government within the framework ofdeveloping human resources in the field of coastaland small islands management.This regulation appears to be more advanced thanthe regulation in the field of tourism and forestryas law No. 27 of 2007 also requires the governmentand local government institutions to empowerthe community (Chapter 63) to encourage variousactivities on coastal and small island resources thatshowcase sustainable management in such a way asto achieve, increase awareness and responsibility ofthe community in :• Decision making• Carry out implementation• Attempt partnership among the community, thebusiness world and with the government/localgovernment.• Develop and implement national policies in thefield of environment.~ 18 ~~ 19 ~