REMEMBER! CELEBRATE! BELIEVE! - My Island Jamaica

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1962JAMAICACELEBRATESREMEMBER! CELEBRATE! BELIEVE!In 47 years ...retracing our stepsSomewhere in the last 47 years, thehope defined by the framers ofJamaica’s Independence status seemsto have evaporated. Nowhere in theenthusiasm to break away from Britain,signalled by the lowering of the Union Jackand the hoisting of the Jamaican flag, didthe thought of high crime rate, abjectpoverty, uneducated and unemployablemasses, and struggling single-parentfamilies, factor into a future for the newnation.Somewhere, after the revelry in thestreets died down in 1962, and the peoplegot down to the business of determiningtheir own systems and way of life, the pushfor prosperity was deferred. Much has beenachieved since 1962; young entrepreneursdreamed up ideas and launched newbusinesses, some, who before were lockedout of the formal education system, founda place in classrooms in new schools,colleges and universities. But, equally, toomuch has been lost; the crime rate hasspiralled out of control, corruption haswarped many of the public systems thatwere established to serve and protect, andthe disregard for law and order has becomepart and parcel of the Jamaican persona. Agentler society seems to have matured intocrassness and volatility.Jamaica Celebrates is an effort toretrace our steps, starting and stopping in1962 when the dream of self-governmentwas realised.Many of the contributors to this projectare Gleaner readers whose real-lifeexperiences in and since 1962 helped toshape an understanding of the time.The music, the dance, the theatre, theofficial ceremonies and the people togetherpaint a picture of a more civil and happierJamaica.Jamaica Celebrates is also a photo-essaymainly from Gleaner archives with strongsupport from our sponsor, the JamaicaNational Building Society.Reminisce. Recount. Reconcile.MANAGING EDITORJenni Campbell(Pictured above)EDITOR-IN-CHIEFGarfield GrandisonCOVER DESIGNHeather KongSUB-EDITORSRaymond SimpsonGeorge MasonCarolyn SinclairKawain FearonShaunette Jones2JAMAICA CELEBRATES TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 2009

Dance performancesThe Mandeville Creative Dance Group, which was taught by Iris Whittaker of Mandeville, made a pretty pose in one of their creative dances. The group performedSpanish, Haitian and Afro-West Indian dances in the Independence celebrations.Church and school were a must in 1962MY NAME is JuanitaWhite-Thomas. I was bornin the Mandeville Hospitalon November 13, 1962, a fewmonths after Jamaica celebrated itsfirst Independence.My mother was employed at theManchester Bible College. She wasvisited by an employer who told herto call me Juanita, which is aSpanish name.When I was 11 months old, mymother went to England to staywith my dad, with the intention oftaking me and my siblings later on.Unfortunately, she died when I wasalmost two years old.I grew up with my grandmotherand five of my siblings in Lititz, StElizabeth. My father’s mother, called‘Mama’, was a disciplinarian. Churchand school were a must, rain orshine. Up to her departure from thislife, she warned us to put God first.SECOND COMMUNITYENVIRONMENTThe Lititz Moravian Church wasthe second communityenvironment which played a majorrole in my upbringing. There, I wasnurtured by the late Rev Cuthbertand the church brethren. Iattended the Lititz All-Age School,where I participated in a lot ofactivities as a young girl.The community was more united.Life was really good back then.At church, we sang songs like NewEvery Morning is Thy Love andThe Church is One Foundationfrom the Moravian hymnal.After church, we had our dinnerand went back for youth fellowship.There we learnt to use ourcreativity; we played indoor andoutdoor games. My favourite gamewas ‘sword-in-hand’.Sad to say, things have changeddramatically. At school, the nationalanthem is hardly sung. Youngpeople, as well as the adults, nolonger say the national pledge.My few words of advice to eachand every one of us is let us starttalking to the man in the mirror.Let’s ask him if he can change hisways. Walk good.I am, etc.,JUANITA WHITE-THOMASPostal workerAlligator Pond POManchesterCelebrations in St Ann’s BayIndependence celebration at St Ann’s Bay, when the custos ofSt Ann, G. Anderson Cox, took the salute from the St JohnAmbulance Brigade, Boy Scouts, the police, the Girl Guides andthe Boys’ Brigade.4JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 2009

Canboulay SingersA very popular group on Nuggets for the Needy Show at the Carib Theatre was the Canboulay Singers, led by Marine Maxwell (right). The group made its debutduring the Independence celebrations.All-Jamaica SkittlesWinston Carr, apromising player, is aboutto begin his game withAlbert Miller. He won, in thefirst round of the Third All-Jamaican SkittlesTournament, at Johnson’sDrive Inn. Four cups werebeing competed for, namelyThe Gleaner IndependenceCup, the Coply JohnsonCup (winner of the singles),the Norval West Cup (winnerof the doubles) and theRoy Blair Cup (winner ofthe highest break).Entertainment treatChildren of the west Kingston area were given apre-Independence entertainment treat organised bythe proprietor of the Queen’s Theatre.JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 20095

Seaga and the ska explosionSeaga speaking at the first graduation ceremony of the St Andrew Trade Training Centre in 1962. Seated (from left) areDoherty, Allen and Mais.EDWARD SEAGA wentfrom being one of the most importantand successful producers andrecord-company owners in Jamaica tobecome prime minister – probably theonly recording executive ever to beelected a head of state.Along the way, he set the stage for the1960s boom in ska, and the explosion ofinterest in reggae music in the 1970s.Seaga graduated from HarvardUniversity in 1952 with a BA in socialsciences. In 1955, he supervised therecording of an album of ethnic music onthe Folkways label, a project that grew outof scholarly research in which that he’dbeen engaged.DOING MORE WITH MUSICThis whetted his appetite to do morewith music, and he later produced sessionsby Jamaican artistes for more commercialrecording organisations. Seaga foundedhis own label, West Indies RecordingLimited (WIRL), in the late 1950s andamong his first signings was the TrenchTown singing duo of Joe Higgs and RoyWilson.Seaga became a key architect ofthe constitution that becamethe framework for Jamaicanindependence in August 1962. Alreadyrecognised as a passionate defender of thepoor, and a fiery orator capable of movingvoters or his fellow legislators, Seagabecame an elected member of parliamentin April 1962, representing westernKingston. He is the longest-serving memberof Jamaica’s Parliament, having beenre-elected for 37 consecutive years.The cocktail party given in honour of the English Netherlands team by the minister of developmentand welfare, Edward Seaga, at the Courtleigh Manor Hotel. From left: Jean Robinson, captainof the English netball team; Valerie Fleming, captain of the Jamaica team; Edward Seaga;Lady Morley; Sir Alexander Morley, British High Commissioner in Jamaica; Rose Harris and LeilaRobinson, president of the Jamaica Netball Association.At the cocktail party given by Mr and Mrs Philip Seaga areEdward Seaga (right) and Donald Sangster (left).6 JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 2009

The Gleaner Independence CupBuster Hoo, a member of Jamaica’s Ninth Games basketballteam, is here seen with The Gleaner Independence Cup, whichhe received from Edward Seaga, minister of development andwelfare, on behalf of the Jamaica team. The cup was awardedto the Jamaica Possibles who won the 1962 Senior LeagueBasketball competition. The presentation took place at ChineseFreedom Court, North Street.Putting the shotJune Marsh, 17, who repeatedly broke the women’s discus record, is seen here throwing the shotputt at Gray’s Inn Sports Club. She placed third in the event to Eileen Sutherland and AnnieGolding, but that was after she had hurled the rubber discus 100’ 7”. The discus record, held byAnnie Golding, was 99’ 9 1 / 2 ” inches. Her throw could not be ratified as a Jamaican record, however,as the standard type discus was one of wood and iron and the Jamaica Amateur AthleticsAssociation had none at the time. The athletes claimed that it was much easier to throw the woodand iron discus.Sentimental singerAs if saying a prayer, sentimental singer Jimmy James showsdeep emotion as he renders his hit tune ‘Bewildered and Blue’to the delight and satisfaction of many spectators at a stageshow at Ward Theatre.JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 20097

Jamaicacelebrates■ February 11, 1962: At a quarter to one, PremierNorman Manley issued to the Jamaican press inLondon, embargoed until midnight, London time, thestatement that Jamaica’s general election to choose itsfirst government under Independence would have beenheld Tuesday, April 10.It might well be that in receiving our Independencefrom the British and the Order in Council as the thingthat granted us liberty and freedom, we started wrong.Nobody can grant you freedom. They can recognise thefreedom you should have had from birth. Nevertheless,we followed because it was the colonial way. But we, asa colony, as of 1962, became a free people. We startfrom there and perhaps it is a real point of departurefor looking back and hoping for the future.This year is filled with hope because of certainoccurrences. There is an atmosphere of hope which hasgone right around the world. Jamaica still has thestigma of crime, underdevelopment and hopelessness.But, let us return to 1962, for it is then we assumedour own responsibility as a free nation. This is whenwe, by receiving this gift from Britain in the good oldcolonial ritual of passage, robbed ourselves of the angstthat people fighting for liberty entertain. It robbed ourfuture because the people have said: “Somebody gaveus something; we did not fight for it.”■ September 18, 1962: Jamaica is admitted as amember of the United Nations, a former financialsecretary, Egerton Richardson, is appointed as thecountry’s first permanent representative (ambassador)to the organisation.The decade of the 1960s was marked by a resurgenceof black nationalism. In the general election of 1962,Millard Johnson revived Garvey’s People’s PoliticalParty and in North America the leadership of MartinLuther King, Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichaelenergised the struggle for racial equality and civilrights. It was against this background that the JamaicanGovernment in 1964 took the decision to bring MarcusGarvey’s body home for reinterment in NationalHeroes Park.■ October 3, 1962: The new headquarters of theJamaica Labour Party at 7 Retirement Road, CrossRoads, St Andrew, is dedicated by Canon R.O.C. King■ For C.L.R. James, “Garvey placed Africa and peopleof African descent in the consciousness of the modernworld and in such a manner that they can never beremoved again.”Both men imbued the ordinary Jamaican with a newsense of their possibilities in the modern world and laidthe foundations on which Adolphe Roberts, WilfredDomingo, Ken Hill, Norman Manley and AlexanderBustamante established Jamaica’s claim forIndependence between 1936 and 1962.Unfortunately, neither Garvey nor Headley wasamong those recognised or accorded a place ofprominence when the island celebrated itsindependence on August 6, 1962.– Arnold BertramWaiting inthe rainBeneath a solitaryumbrella, atMontpelier station, agroup of little Browniesand Girl Guideshuddled, awaiting thearrival of PrincessMargaret. And thoughthe rain came intorrents, and oneBrownie’s little dollygot soaked under herhankie covering. Thegirls in soddenuniforms waited on tosee the princess whohad come toparticipate inJamaica’sIndependence,celebrations.The first Independence... as I remember itLouis A. BentContributorIWAS approaching my mid-20s and Iwas a scout leader for a Kingston SeaScout troupe. Here in Kingston,where I grew up, everyone was preparingfor the Independence celebrations.It was very exciting. The schools hadtheir part to play; so, too, did the churches,the military and the constabulary. Dramagroups, the Lodge people, even theRastafari organisations also had a role.I remember the royal visit. Her RoyalHighness Princess Margaret landed in anaircraft at the Palisadoes Airport and wasmet by Sir Alexander Bustamante, ourfirst prime minister. She was driven in aconvertible through Kingston,accompanied by her husband, LordSnowden, and they were greeted by alarge crowd that lined the streets.The beautiful decorations, especiallyaround Parade Square in downtownKingston, ignited the atmosphere. AtSouth Parade, it was spectacular! Thearches were decorated in green, gold andblack with lights around each of them.These were erected by the mayor ofKingston and his group. Several businessplaces were also decorated with flags andstreamers. Looking down King Street, thelovely drapery that was strung across theroad in green, gold and black fluttered inthe wind while the sun shone brightly.COMMONWEALTH GAMESOur first Commonwealth Games wasthen staged at the National stadium thatwas completed that year for the occasionand other events. A message was carriedaround the island relay style by membersof the Boys Brigade and was delivered toSir Alexander on opening night. He readit at the event. There was also thelighting of a torch that was erected to thesouthern section within the stadium. Thetorch burned throughout the Games.Also, a rally of youth organisations tookplace on August 4 of that year. Again,Princess Royal and her husband, met by SirAlexander, the chief minister, and leader ofthe Opposition, Norman WashingtonManley, attended the function. So, too, didEdna Manley and son, Michael. Not toforget Edward Seaga, then minister ofculture, and the mayor, all of whom sat inthe royal box with the royal family.The youth organisations displayedexceptional talent at the rally. There wasa fantastic display by the uniformedgroups with their marching bands. Whenall this was over, on that same night, thebig title fight took place between ourtriple champion Bunny Grant and DaveCharnley – the Commonwealthchampion from England. Large crowdsgathered to see this big bout. As scoutleader, I was asked to gather a number ofscouts to usher people to their seatswhile other leaders did likewise.We met a group of British sailors froma warship who greeted us very well, so wegot them seated.PLEASE SEE FIRST, 98 JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 2009

When the fight began, DaveCharnley threw a mighty left hookto Bunny’s head, but he got away.The fight, which was exciting, wenton till the ninth round, whenBunny got in some sharp jabs to theface and hooks to the body ofCharnley. It got to the point whenthe referee had to put an end to thefight. Bunny Grant was victorious,giving Jamaicans great joy.Early in the morning of Sunday,August 5, another great event tookplace in the National Stadium.There was the hoisting of theJamaican flag. An extremely largecrowd gathered to see thisspectacular display. A mass choirgathered around the flagpole, allthe members wore their Jamaicancostumes of green, gold and black,the Scouts, Guides, Cadets, CubPLEASE SEE FIRST, 10The People’s National Party and National Workers’ Unionmarchers are seen beginning their Labour Day march throughKingston. Here, they are going along East Queen Street. Atcentre, Mr Norman Manley, leader of the party, is standing in anopen car with arms folded.Lillas Kenten, St Thomas Independence Beauty Queen,handing to Councillor Doris Burke, vice-chairman of the StThomas Parish Council, a cup won by Bath Fountain for thirdposition in the float competition organised by the localIndependence Celebrations Committee. The competing floatsparaded from Church Corner, Morant Bay, to LyssonsRecreation Centre, where a parish fête was held and where thepresentation took place. Behind Kenten is Mr Bertram St J.Hamilton, administrative secretary of the Central IndependenceCelebrations Committee, who formally opened the fête.At the party thrown bythe staff of theIndependenceCelebrations Committeeat the home of Mr & MrsB. St J. Hamilton, MissPearline Kelly (left)presents a bouquet toMrs Hamilton. MrHamilton was theadministrative secretaryto the committee andwas earlier presentedwith a gift by the staff.The chief justice, the Hon Sir Colin MacGregor, is accompanied by Supt Don Powell, as heinspects a guard-of-honour drawn up by the police in front of the Supreme Court building, at theopening of Jamaica’s new High Court. Behind Sir Colin is Supt Basil Robinson.The Scotiabank Cupbeing presented toMr & Mrs C.S. Blakeby Mr E.G. Bird, asstmanager, the Bankof Nova Scotia, KingStreet, Kingston,donors of the cup.The cup was won byMr Blake’sReeveswood at theTurf Club’sIndependence Dayrace meeting atCaymanas Park onAugust 6.The executive staff of the Sheraton’s international division wasmarshalled in Jamaica to cope with the mammoth task of opening theSheraton-Kingston and the staging of official Independencecelebrations. Those who took part in this inaugural crash programmeincluded (left to right) Messrs Rudolph Walterspiel, John Kapioltas,Jean Doumecq, Mario Valenti, Robert Freeman, Joseph Gaudioso,Henry Ruselack and Alan Terrill.JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 20099

FIRSTCONTINUED FROM 9Brownies, Boys’ Brigade, policeand military personnel, exservicemen,the church groups,etc, were all present.Again, the royal couple, SirAlexander Bustamante, NormanManley and others were on thescene. The programme openedwith prayer and song, then somespeeches from the dignitaries.The anthem of England wassung for the final time with thelowering of the Union Jack.The moment everyone waswaiting for arrived. When theJamaican flag was hoisted,cheers erupted from the crowdas citizens went in a frenzy,waving handkerchiefs, paperand just about anything with thenew national colours. Ournational anthem was sung as wesaw for the first time in ourhistory the outstanding black,green and gold flag flying high.Then the lights were turned offand a massive fireworks displaybegan. This was very beautifulas the colours lit up the airbefore falling to the ground.That was something toremember!On Monday, August 6, whichwas a public holiday, manyactivities took place in severalcommunities. Independencegifts and flags were handed outleft, right and centre. Flagraisingceremonies and prayerstook place during the night andstreet dances were set upspontaneously in allcommunities.To end it all, on Saturday,August 11, a gigantic floatparade was staged. It started inan open lot across from thestadium, then moved off at 3p.m. On parade were more than70 floats, including a unit of theFire Brigade, members of theyouth organisations, militaryand police costume groups,Jonkonnu, ex-servicemen,Rastafari groups, schoolchildren,Red Cross, St John Ambulance.Of course, the streets were linedwith hundreds of peoplestanding closer to the sidewalksand directed by the police.As the parade took to thestreets, the people jumped forjoy, the beautiful floats andcostume groups created a greatpicture. The marching bands ofthe youth organisations and alsothose of the military and policebrought great joy to our hearts.The march, a very long oneindeed, ended in downtownKingston at about 7 o’clock thatnight.‘Strength’ and ‘Baba’ in a balancing act at Ocho Rios onWednesday August 5, 1962, during the celebrations to markIndependence.Jamaican and visiting Canadian cadets marching in the floatparade along a street in Morant Bay, on their way to LyssonsRecreation Centre where a parish fête was held by St ThomasIndpendence Celebrations Committee.Smiling farewellHRH Princess Margaret at the door of a royal aircraft biddingfarewell after her week’s stay in Jamaica for the Independencecelebrations.CONTRIBUTED PHOTOSIndependence float parade 1962. Thelma Davis (now Hatton)who lives in London is the girl seated to the extreme left on the‘throne’ – she used to work at Hanna’s. Contributed by Grace(McGhie) Brown.10 JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 2009

Jamaica’s first PMSIR ALEXANDER Bustamante attendedelementary school in rural Hanover. He travelledextensively as a young man, returning to Jamaicain 1932 and began to lead the struggle against colonialrule. He first came to the public’s attention as a writerof letters to the Daily Gleaner newspaper.A Jamaican labour leader, Bustamante’s JamaicaLabour Party (JLP) won 22 of 32 seats in the firstHouse of Representatives, which made him theunofficial leader and minister of communication untilthe position of chief minister was created in 1953. Heheld this position until the JLP was defeated in 1955.He became Jamaica’s first prime minister in 1962and served until 1967. Bustamante also held theposition of mayor of Kingston in 1947 and 1948. In1969, Sir Alexander Bustamante was given thedistinguished title of National Hero of Jamaica.Sir Alexander died in 1977 at the age of 93.Busta’s bridal PartyFrom left Mr Shearer, bestman; Mrs Watley, the bride’s attendant; Sir Alexander; LadyBustamante and Mr. Sangster, who gave the bride in marriage.First day at workSir Alexander Bustamante smiles as he strides from his car tohis office at East Race Course on his first day at work as thepremier.Princess Margaret arrivesAlexander Bustamante greets Princess Margaret on her arrival from London at the PallisadoesInternational Airport for Jamaica’s Independence celebrations. Her husband, Lord Snowdon (inmorning coat) waits his turn with outstretched arm to be greeted by the premier. At extreme left isthe governor, Sir Kenneth Blackburne.Quality colour posterThe minister of development and welfare, Edward Seaga (left),presenting to the prime minister, Sir Alexander Bustamante, thefirst framed copy of the quality colour poster produced by theGovernment Public Relations Office as part of the literatureprepared by that department in connection with theIndependence celebrations, at the prime minister’s office.16 JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 2009

Tagging himPremier Sir Alexander Bustamante receiving his tag in the Boys Town Tag Drive being sponsoredby the Jamaica Junior Chamber and students of the University of the West Indies (UWI). Pinningon the tag is Mrs Dick Boorman. At left is Mr Boorman representing the Jamaica Junior Chamberand Everard Lindo representing the students of the UWI Boys Town Tag Day.‘Father of Freedom’Enid Rose, a Jamaican resident in England, attaches a gold pinbearing the inscription “Father of Freedom” to the coat of SirAlexander Bustamante, premier of Jamaica. The presentationtook place at London airport in July 1962 just before SirAlexander boarded the aircraft which brought him and hiseconomic, defence and financial mission home from talks inWashington, New York and London.Luncheon dateThe premier of Jamaica, Norman Manley (right) and SirAlexander Bustamante, leader of the Opposition in the JamaicaHouse of Representatives (centre), with British Prime MinisterHarold Macmillan.Souvenir albumKen Khouri (centre) of Federal Recording Co Ltd, presenting a souvenir album in connection withJamaica’s independence to the premier, Sir Alexander Bustamante, at the premier’s office. Thetwo LP records in the album contain a dramatic presentation of ‘Jamaica History, Jamaica Story’written by Fred Wilmot of the Jamaica Tourist Board. Holding the album, on the cover of which isa photograph of Sir Alexander, is his private secretary, Gladys Longbridge.JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 200917

Defenceof a nationTHE DEFENCE Act(1962) speaks to: Theestablishment of the JDFas a military body to be overseenby the Defence Board.The JDF’s mandate included:■ The defence of Jamaica■ The maintenance of order inJamaica■ The performance of suchother duties which may bedefined by the Defence Board■ Empowering the chairman ofthe Defence Board to givedirections to the chief ofdefence staff for the operationaluse of the JDF, commensuratewith the directives ofCabinetThe police in their all-out search for five fugitives checked all cars that passed along the road way.SNAPSHOTSCONTINUED FROM 13were there. I can’t say much about theIndependence celebrations other than it wasreally a lovely occasion.On Independence Day, I can’t remembergoing to any special occasion in particular. Iremember it was a holiday and that people werehappy. It seemed to be a great occasion for us asJamaicans, to become a nation. There weremany good wishes for the future.We had imagined more progress by now.Clearly, there’s still a lot of poverty, and we’dhoped for Jamaica to be achieving more, economicallyand so on. There’s still a lot to bedone. But, on the whole, I’d say it was definitelya positive change.‘Independence is good’– Bertram HenryI was seven years old, a big girl in my mind,because I had just moved from little school tobig school. My mom worked at the library andan older aunt lived in Allman Town. I was sentto Allman Town little school and then moved tothe all-age when Jamaica got Independence. Wetravelled daily from Norman Gardens to thatarea so my aunt could pick me up after school. Iwas given a mug with the coat of arms, flag anda button.Most of all, I remember a little part of a songthat went like this: ‘Independence is good forthe young and old, also for you and me,Independence is good for the whole generation(forgot the rest).’Jamaica was so peaceful, innocent, virtuousand full of pride then. Mrs Blair, my first teacher,was wonderful, and Ms Johnson would be calledabusive now but really she knew how to puteveryone in check (she was better known asRecke Tecke Johnson).Happy anniversary, Jamaica! May we one dayrecapture some of that peace nationally, withoutburglar bars and fear, to live and move aroundfreely. God bless Jamaica!jokrick@yahoo.comVeronica Elaine Brimm is my mom. She was bornon January 4, 1962. She is mother to five children:Roy Baily; Robert White; Leighton Minott, USmarine; Nicole Rodgers, cosmetologist; and me,Troy Rodgers, primary-school teacher. She workswith the Ministry of Education Region 2.– TroyMay Pen float paradeA large crowd watches as the float parade passes through May Pen on IndependenceDay 1962.■ Empowering the governorgeneral to declare units of theJDF to be on active service toengage persons and groupsengaged in armed operationsagainst the JDF or any cooperatingforce■ Empowering the governorgeneral to order the whole orany part of the JDF to beemployed outside of Jamaica■ Empowering the DefenceBoard to order any member ofthe regular (full-time) force toproceed to any place outsideJamaica for training, duty oremployment■ Mandatory compliance onthe part of all members of theregular force who are orderedto deploy overseas, whether bythe governor general or theDefence Board.Jamaica’s murdercount hasgone from 66 in1962 to 1,674 in2005 – a 26-foldincrease. Sincethe startof 2009, themurder counthas shattered the900 mark.18 JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 2009

Rendering first aidMembers of the Boys’ Brigade putting on a first-aid display atthe third annual Island Display at Sabina Park. This was part ofthe final item, ‘Independence’, which showed some of the workbehind the scenes in the Boys’ Brigade to help equip youngmen to be helpful in an independent Jamaica.Alexander dancesPremier Alexander Bustamante dances with Chloris Muschette at a party given by HerbertMcDonald at his residence, 206 Mountain View Avenue. The party was in honour of the visit ofmembers of the Central American and Caribbean Sports Organisation and two foreign membersof the organising committee of the 11th Games.Tinson Pen workshopIn the presence of hisconstituents, ClementTavares (right), minister ofhousing, presents the keys ofthe workshop at Tinson Pento Edward Seaga, ministerof development and welfare.Erected by the Departmentof Housing at an approximatecost of £1,000,the workshop was operatedby the Ministry ofDevelopment and Welfare.‘Tell Me Why’ featureRuby Steer, 16-year-old student of Claremont Primary School,was the winner of a 15-volume set of the ‘EncyclopaediaBritannica Junior’. These books were awarded to her by theEncyclopaedia Britannica Company of Chicago USA, through TheGleaner for her contribution to ‘Tell Me Why’, a daily feature on theback page. Ruby, who was preparing to take the first JamaicaLocal Examination, lived in Beechamville district, St Ann.JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 200919

NORMAN MANLEY:Mission accomplished!NORMANWASHINGTONManley was a brilliantscholar and athlete, soldier(First World War) and lawyer.In September 1938, Manleyfounded the People’s NationalParty (PNP) and was electedits president annually until hisretirement in 1969, 31 yearslater.Manley and the PNPsupported the trade unionmovement, then led byAlexander Bustamante, whileleading the demand foruniversal adult suffrage. Whensuffrage came, Manley had towait 10 years and two termsbefore his party was elected tooffice.He was a strong advocate ofthe Federation of the WestIndies, established in 1958, butwhen Sir AlexanderBustamante declared that theopposition Jamaica LabourParty (JLP) would take Jamaicaout of the federation, NormanManley called a referendum,unprecedented in Jamaica, tolet the people decide.The vote was decisivelyagainst Jamaica’s continuedmembership of the federation.Norman Manley, afterarranging Jamaica’s orderlywithdrawal from the union, setup a joint committee to decideon a constitution forIndependence for Jamaica.He himself chaired thecommittee with greatdistinction and then led theteam that negotiated theisland’s Independence fromBritain. The issue settled,Manley again went to thepeople. He lost the ensuingelection to the JLP and gavehis last years of service asleader of the Opposition,establishing definitively therole of the parliamentaryopposition in a developingnation.In his last public address toan annual conference of thePNP, he said: “I say that themission of my generation wasto win self-government forJamaica, to win political power,which is the final power for theblack masses of my countryfrom which I spring.“I am proud to stand heretoday and say to you whofought that fight with me, sayit with gladness and pride,mission accomplished for mygeneration.“And what is the mission ofthis generation? ... It is ...reconstructing the social andeconomic society and life ofJamaica.”Norman Manley died onSeptember 2, 1969.Premier Norman Manley, QC, is flanked by Mrs Edna Manley and Vernon Arnett, finance minister, asthey arrived at Palisadoes from London where talks on Jamaica’s future relations with the West IndiesFederation were held.Chief Minister NormanManley discussing thequality of a shoe made byWellco Shoe (Ja) Ltd atAugust Town, with two ofthe employees, during histour of the factory shortlyafter it was declared openlast Saturday by theminister of trade andIndustry, Wills O. Isaacs.Before the battleAt left is Gerald Gray, welterweight professional boxingchampion of Jamaica, who won a 15-round bout at SabinaPark, against Neville Powell (right). Others (from left) areCharlie Gooden (Gray’s trainer), Stanley Mair, promoter;Granville DaCosta, president of the Jamaica Boxing Boardof Control, Norman Manley, QC, chief minister of Jamaicalife patron of the Jamaica Boxing Association and formerpresident for 26 years; Buggy Nightengale, announcer;and Leonard Francis, (Breezy Boy) Powell’s trainer.20 JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 2009

All-Island tea partyAbove: H. F. Bicknell, managerof the United Fruit Company,receiving a gift from MarieWalters of the All-Island TeaParty at the Sheraton Hotel,held to honour the JamaicaSocial Welfare Commission. Atleft is Norman Manley, leaderof the Opposition.Right: Leaving the officesof the leader of the OppositionNorman Manley (left) andDuncan Sandys. Behind themis Sir Alexander Morley, Britishhigh commissioner toJamaica, who escortedSandys on his visits.Far right: Chief Minister NormanManley (centre) converses withMorris Lapidus and H.O.A.Dayes at the ceremonymarking the opening of thebig Arawak Hotel.JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 200921

‘Youngnation’Matthew McNaughtonContributorRECENTLY, I have beenthinking about the age ofJamaica’s Independence.The fact is, my parents are as old asJamaica.Keep in mind that the onlyCaribbean countries to gainindependence before Jamaica wereHaiti and Cuba, respectively, andtherefore my parents are also olderthan the majority of theindependent countries in theCaribbean.To put this in perspective, mygrandparents (whom I don’t exactlyconsider ‘old’) were born incolonial Jamaica. They knew aJamaica that had no nationalanthem (separate from ‘God Savethe Queen’), no national emblemsand no national stadium (at thetime the football team played atSabina Park).TRUTH ABOUT JAMAICAWhat should my young country’shistory mean to me? Is there truthabout the Jamaica that was, andthe Jamaica I now know, thatextends beyond Kingston, MoBayand Ocho Rios, parties, the latestdances and Kartel vs Mavado clashtunes?In trying to find this truth, I’velearned my generation does notknow enough, about ourselves andour history. We argue and quarrelabout what isn’t happening andwhat should be but we fail tounderstand that Jamaica is a youngproject and in need of our help –not just our complaints.We don’t realise that ournational heroes – the architects ofour land – gave us a basic design ofan unfinished project. Politicalindependence ensures the right togovern our affairs; it doesn’t solveproblems caused by a colonialheritage. Jamaica is young. She isestablishing her place in the world.There is still much work to be doneand it is our responsibility to do it.Jamaica’s future will be determinedby what we, her people, demand ofourselves, those in power, and theworld around us.I’ll admit that my study of ournation’s short history providedmore questions than answers. Yet,I’ve come to believe the solutionsto our many problems begin withknowledge of our past. Forexample, to solve the problem ofcrime, we must understand thepolitical and social factors, bothBright and pretty in bandanasBright bandanas and ackee-embroidered peasant blouses – that’s the combination for a group of happy Jamaican children, ascute as can be. The fetching little misses in national costume were performers at the annual Children’s Hour Concert, (part of ChildMonth) sponsored by the Ministry of Education, which took place at the Carib Theatre. These children are from Port Antonio InfantSchool, which made quite a name for itself during the 1961 Bandwagon, with its performance of creative dances.local and foreign, that turned ourislandparadise into the murder-riddennation.Our immense pride should begrounded in knowledge ofcontributions by great Jamaicanslike Claude McKay and MichaelManley. With a firm foundation inthe past, we can build a strongJamaica that can solve problemsand fulfil hopes – hopes inheritedfrom those who fought for ourprecious, newly won independence.■ Matthew McNaughton is ayoung person searchingdesperately for the answers toJamaica’s many problems. He isa senior at the College of Woosterin Ohio, majoring in computerscience and philosophy with aminor in economics. Contact himat mamcnaughton@gmail.com.This ‘brownie’ waves helloOne of the larger dolls in thedoll show, like her owner ReimaMarkes, nine, of St Hugh’s PrepSchool, is a brownie. She evenwore real shoes and badges.The queen greets the mayorQueen of May, Hyacinth Derby of St Michael’s School,Kingston, shakes hands with the mayor of Kingston, FrankSpaulding, while the May King, Byron Dudley, looks on.Occasion was the visit of the children to the mayor’s parlour.22 JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 2009

A youngteacher’s taleJANUARY 1962, two months aftermy 18th birthday, I entered theformal working world when Iaccepted a job as a pre-trainedteacher at St Paul’s All-Age School, alittle one-room school in ruralManchester. There I met some wonderfulpeople and the principal, thelate Iris Scarlett, seeing how inexperiencedI was, took on a ‘motheringrole’.During the ensuing weeks, therewas a severe drought and I rememberhow difficult it was to get water andhow the farmers hoped for rain as thedays passed.GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNI recall the excitement of the campaignfor the general election and thecrestfallen look on the faces of someof the staff and the residents on themorning after the elections. Soon,however, all got into the preparationsfor the lead-up to the firstIndependence celebrations.As soon as the music for thenational anthem reached the school,Mrs Scarlett got busy on the piano,teaching the children to sing theanthem. Many other activities relatingto the coming Independence alsotook place, increasing as the dayapproached.Independence eve saw thanksgivingservices all across Jamaicas butsince there was no television, wecouldn’t see what was happening inKingston. RJR and JBC radio stationswere our main contact withthe outside world. I saw a helicopterfor the first time that evening, Ibelieve it came from an Americannavy ship.Independence Day saw thechildren assembled at school to havethanksgiving service, fun activitiesand their buns and sodas.Immediately after the Independenceservice was the excitement of the 9thCentral American and Caribbeangames. That’s where I saw a footballmatch for the first time. I think it wasCuba vs Costa Rica.Having been successful in passingthe entrance test to the great MicoTeachers’ College, September of thatyear saw me packing my ‘dulcimina’to join the greatest batch of studentsever to enter that institution, theIndependence batch.Certainly, we were ragged by theseniors, but in all these were someof the finest set of persons thatJamaica produced. The influence ofgreat persons such as G.H. Owen,L.H. Facey, Olive Lewin, SydneyMorris, J.A. McMillan, to name afew, will remain positively embeddedin our lives forever. I cannotforget James Verity teaching us inthe sun to sing the national anthemcorrectly. Mico was a lot of workand fun.Kingston then was a lively cityteaming with tourists. It was relativelysafe to walk almost anywhereat any time. Murders were rareoccurrences and not many homelesspersons were about. Patronsdressed formally to attend Caribcinema. Some bars never seemed toclose. Factories were opening up.Export agriculture was booming.Where have we gone wrong since?T. SamuelsTasamuels@cwj.comSome members of the batch of students who studied at the Mico College in Kingston from 1962-1965. They were at a reunion held at the institution in August 2005.Scene from ‘Dark of the Moon’.Six beauty queensBeauty queens who held the Miss Jamaica title. From left:Marlene Murray (1962); Carol Merkens, née Crawford (1963);Yvonne Foster, née Walter (1966); Carol Gore, nee McFarlane(1965); Betty Ann Dais, née Lindo (1970) and Ava Gill (1971). MilestoneOn its wayElla Fraser, goalattack, sends theball into the netfor another goalfor the Englandtouring team asthey defeated theCombinedIntermediateLeague team 7-2in one of the twoopening games, inthe netball rally atMico.JAMAICA CELEBRATES | TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 200923

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