Executive Summary 2008

P r e f a c eThe Eighth Annual Herzliya Conference on the Balance of Israel’s National Security was held inJanuary 2008 – at the beginning of Israel’s 60 th year of Independence. To mark the occasion, thefirst day of deliberations and the opening ceremonies were held at the Knesset in Jerusalem.Leaders, senior officials, practitioners, business people and experts – from Israel and abroad –deliberated emergent and topical issues related to three main dimensions: national and domesticpolicy, including the intensifying security risks and the increased direct threat to the civilianpopulation, the crisis in the education and higher learning systems, and the perceived deteriorationin the functioning of the branches of government; regional trends, focusing on the responses to thenuclearization of Iran and the risks of nuclear proliferation, along with an assessment of attempts torevive the Israeli-Arab negotiation process; and finally, the intricate and interdependent globalprocesses, including the risks and crises arising from the fluctuations of the finance and creditmarkets, the decreasing supply of food, the soaring demand for energy, and climate change.In-depth surveys presented at the Conference revealed that the Israeli public possessesinternationally comparative high levels of patriotism, fortitude and resolve despite the continuingerosion of the public’s confidence in the branches of government – most worryingly concerning thejudicial branch.To deal with these challenges, the Conference participants examined alternative strategies andpolicy recommendations across the five principal components of Israel’s national security – defenseand foreign policy; economics; education and society; governance; and Jewish Peoplehood policy. Abroad span of policies and courses of action were presented and debated – ranging from moreassertive military strategies and operations to reforms and transformations in educational andeconomic systems. Some pointed out that Israel could lead the way in promoting excellence as anational value and that it should not settle for minor adjustments, but rather aspire to achieve aqualitative leap in all the dimensions of its national policy.Written by Goor Tsalalyachin and the research team of the Institute for Policy and Strategy, thefollowing document reflects the sense of the Conference’s deliberations. It neither incorporates allthat was discussed, nor is it binding upon the Conference’s participants.Issued on the eve of Israel’s 60 th Anniversary of Independence, I trust you will find this document ofinterest.Prof. Uzi AradConference ChairmanHerzliya, May 20083

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There isambiguityregarding thechances ofreaching anaccordbetweenIsrael andSyria as aresult of theuncertaintysurroundingSyria’sstrategicintentionsand there will always be a measure of doubt surroundingits behavior in a crisis.In sum, it is necessary to redesign the model ofdeterrence so that it can influence the views and valuesof Iranian decision-makers, taking into considerationtheir cultural, political, historical and subjective contextand circumstances, along with common humanweaknesses. For deterrence to succeed, ways must befound to overcome all these obstacles by also possiblyreassessing the quantity of required deterrence(“sufficiency”).The Negotiating Process between Israeland its Neighbors………………………………………………..The 2008 Herzliya Conference convened not long afterthe Annapolis Conference in the United States (held inlate November 2007), where U.S. President George W.Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Riceassembled representatives from forty-nine countries,including Israel and the Palestinian Authority. At theAnnapolis Conference, under the auspices of PresidentBush, Israel and the Palestinians jointly announced theopening of negotiations on a permanent accord. Thesummary statement of the conference determined thatthe accord should be attained by the end of 2008.Israel and the Palestinians embarked on talks along thepath charted at Annapolis, vowing to discuss what arecommonly referred to as “the core issues” – borders,settlements, Jerusalem, refugees and securityarrangements. While the talks have continued sinceAnnapolis, the basic questions that accompanied therenewal of the process remain unanswered:• To what extent is an accord with the PalestinianAuthority relevant in light of the internal Palestinian riftand the coalescence of two separate Palestinianentities (the Gaza Strip, controlled by Hamas and theWest Bank, controlled by Fatah)?• Can Chairman Abbas deliver?Syria’s presence in Annapolis was particularly significantin light of the tensions between Damascus andJerusalem prior to the conference, expressed in anexchange of threatening declarations between the twoparties, and ambiguous rhetoric and actions by thepresident of Syria. Syrian presence at Annapolis andattempts to reduce tensions brought to the fore thequestion of the chances for reaching a diplomatic accordbetween Israel and Syria. Contradictory assessmentswere heard regarding the extent of Syria’s interest ina peace accord with Israel. Some believe that theAlawite minority ruling Syria is not ready, and not able,to reach an accord with Israel. On the other hand, anIsraeli official noted that this possibility should not berejected out of hand, primarily in light of the 1995agreement by the previous Syrian president, HafezAssad, for a "cold peace" after abandoning his efforts toreach a strategic balance of power with Israel.In any event, it is clear that Syria maintains closestrategic relations with Iran, as well as militarycoordination with Hezbollah. It is not clear whether Syriais interested in severing such relations, or whether itwould be willing to do so in the framework of a peaceaccord with Israel. While to Israel it is clear that Syriawould demand all of the Golan Heights in the frameworkof such an accord, it is not clear what Syria would bewilling to give Israel in return. These questions, alongwith the question of whether Syria would indeed severrelations with Iran and Hezbollah, heighten theambiguity surrounding the chances of a peaceaccord between Syria and Israel being reached inthe foreseeable future.It is argued that the measure of the AnnapolisConference’s success. in its regional perspective, islinked to the extent of U.S. success in forming a coalitionagainst Iran. The formation of an anti-Iran coalitionincluding the Gulf States is doubtful, primarily due tothe competing interests they find themselves subject ofand that pull them in divergent directions. They arecurrently forced to maneuver between Iran, which isbreathing down their necks, and Washington’s demandsfor a secure supply of oil and its attempts to mobilizetheir support for the Israeli-Palestinian process. In otherwords, the situation of the Gulf States does not allow forthe formation of any serious anti-Iran axis, or at least itmakes this task very difficult.The negotiating process in regional contextMany believe that the most significant achievement ofthe Annapolis Conference was that it demonstrated theexistence of a moderate political axis, which includesArab states, in counter-position to the radical axis led byIran. Syria’s participation in the conference was anachievement for the American administration, despite itscomparative low-level representation.11

operational activity in the Gaza Strip and throughoutJudea and Samaria. The Palestinian arena hassignificantly changed during the past year, followingthe Hamas takeover in the Gaza Strip. Israel and theinternational community are trying to find their way inthis new reality and still regard the chairman of thePalestinian Authority, Mahmoud Abbas, as a partner fordialogue.In the current reality, there are in effect two Palestinianentities: Hamas, and its prime minister, Ismail Haniyeh,rule in the Gaza Strip. Fatah, and the chairman of thePalestinian Authority and of the PLO, Mahmoud Abbas,rule the Palestinian territory in Judea and Samaria. Thissplit makes it more difficult for Israel on both thediplomatic and security fronts. In particular, it createsobstacles to reaching a sustainable permanent accordwith the Palestinians. Some regard this rift as an internalPalestinian problem that can be overcome. Others seeit as a dramatic and fundamental change that makesit impossible to reach an accord with a unitaryPalestinian entity.Some have argued that the Hamas takeover of the GazaStrip (itself an indication of the takeover of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by jihadist Islam) makes thediscussion about territorial compromise irrelevant. Thereare two reasons for this:• According to the Islamists, they have no authority torelinquish land because of its status as sacred (waqf);• Unilateral withdrawals, aimed at defusing theargument of occupation, have actually strengthenedjihadist Islam.There are those who suggest abandoning what they call“the failed concept”, which assumes that it is possible toresolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the near future.Instead, they propose adopting measures of conflictmanagement. The strategy of conflict managementwould entail:• Preserving and strengthening Israeli interests, whilepreparing the ground for stabilizing the situation in thedistant future;• Reinforcing the political separation between Israeland the Palestinian Authority;• Gradual and complete disengagement between Israeland the Gaza Strip (without causing a humanitariancrisis in the process, but while aspiring to disconnectwater infrastructure, electricity, the movement ofgoods, and so on).Others, however, argue that the Roadmap charted byU.S. President Bush and the Quartet is still relevantand action should be taken along the following lines:• The Palestinian security organizations: ThePalestinians should fulfill their commitments regardingsecurity arrangements and the building-up of securitymechanisms;• The settlements: Israel should fulfill its commitmentsand enforce its laws in regard of illegal construction inthe West Bank.Additional components that are likely to lead to astabilization of the situation and the creation of betterconditions for a political accord were also reviewed. Therecommendations and ideas concentrate on two mainareas:• The economic component: Investment in thePalestinian private sector – for example, joint tourismventures;• Building Palestinian governmental capacity: lawand administration, effective democratic institutions –institutions that provide real content for futurePalestinian sovereignty.The economic dimension has great importance increating conditions and supporting processes for thefacilitation of peaceful resolution, and that investmentin the Palestinian private sector would lead to realchange in the situation on the ground, such as investingin construction to meet the growing demand for housing.The leader of the opposition also proposed a conceptualframework he coined as “economic peace” – aneconomic corridor leading to political solutions, which islikely to engender the ripening of conditions fornegotiation and accommodation. By way of example, hesuggested that there is potential for joint Israeli-Palestinian tourism projects in the Jordan River area.The proposed formula was that the projects would bebased on Israeli security arrangements and on freemarket forces.Building Palestinian governance capacity is anessential component in creating the conditions for afuture Palestinian entity in the framework of a permanentaccord. The international community now recognizesthis. Real Palestinian effort and internationalassistance is required for improvements in the fieldsof security, education, justice, and law enforcement.Improvements in these fields would contribute to internalPalestinian stability and would likely enhance thePalestinians’ capacity to govern effectively. In the Israeligovernment’s eyes, if the Palestinians do not exerteffective governance and control on the ground tofight terrorism, it will be impossible to move aheadin the process. Israel continues to regard real action bythe Palestinians to prevent terrorist attacks as anecessary condition for an accord, as also stipulated inthe Roadmap.The character of the accord will depend on the issuesthat will be discussed in the negotiations. It was arguedthat the customary terminology used in the internationaldiscourse adopts the Palestinian narrative – that theoccupation of the Palestinian territories was the reasonfor the conflict. Israel maintains that, in fact, the conflicterupted prior to its conquest of the West Bank. Thus, forexample, some propose reformulating a preciseThegrievances ofJewishrefugeesshould beconsidered acore issue inthenegotiationson apermanentaccord13

Dividingsovereignty inJerusalemwoulddamage theurban fabricof the citydefinition of the core issues to be addressed in thepermanent accord negotiations. In this view, the coreissues would take into consideration the grievances ofJewish refugees who were forcibly expelled or displacedfrom Arab states or fled in fear. As an additionalexample, it was noted that while it is customary to definethe settlements as a core issue, it is not customary todefine the cessation of incitement to violence (i.e.ongoing Palestinian inflammatory and anti-Semiticstatements and indoctrination encouraging terrorist acts)as a core issue. Issues such as the cessation ofincitement, the grievances of Jewish refugees andcompensation for stolen Jewish property must alsobe placed in the framework of negotiations on apermanent accommodation.Jerusalem – The heart of the matterJerusalem continues to be the central and most difficultissue in the negotiations towards a permanent accordbetween Israel and the Palestinians. The fate ofJerusalem should be also determined in the context ofIsrael’s relations with Diaspora Jewry.The search for creative political arrangements in theattempt to resolve the fierce conflict over Jerusalem inthe framework of negotiations with the Palestinians hasgenerated various ideas in the past for partitioning thecity.In any negotiations on a future accord, Israel shoulddemand full sovereignty over Jerusalem, not onlybecause Jerusalem is Israel’s capital city or because ofthe indisputable Jewish historical connection with thecity, but also because of the anticipated damage to thecity’s fabric that a division of sovereignty would entail. Ifsovereignty were to be divided in the city, it wouldrequire the construction of borders and barriers, whichwould inflict real damage to its unique urban fabric andto its capacity to function as a single organic urbanunit. Such damage is not in the interest of any groupor party to the conflict.Full Israeli sovereignty in Jerusalem would nothinder the independent administration granted toquarters of the Old City or other neighborhoods in thecity in an arrangement of “blurring sovereignty”. Such anarrangement would enable Muslims and Christians, forexample, to independently conduct their lives and runtheir institutions and would not violate the peace treatywith Jordan – which grants it a special status in regardto the holy places in Jerusalem. Notwithstanding, thematter of the “Old City” and the “Holy Basin” are at theheart of the conflict and any arrangement seems torequire the involvement of a third party.approach. In any case, it is proposed that Israel work toensure the well being and welfare of Arabs in Jerusalemby providing appropriate services, out of a realizationthat there is no Israeli interest in perpetuating orexacerbating discrimination.The various proposals to change the status ofJerusalem are affected by the Israeli law. On the onehand, there are proposals to divide the city’ssovereignty, and on the other, there are proposals todeclare Jerusalem the capital of the entire Jewishpeople. A look at the legal situation indicates that itwould be more difficult to implement legal changesregarding Jerusalem’s sovereignty, but easier topass declarative changes. The status of Jerusalem asthe capital of Israel is anchored in legislation and it isstipulated that any change – including the transfer ofauthority to a foreign political entity – requiresamendment of a basic law to be approved by a majorityof sixty-one members of the Knesset. On the otherhand, a declarative change pertaining to the status ofJerusalem as the capital of the Jewish people could beimplemented via regular legislation, which does notrequire a special majority. This change would not havean effect on the area of jurisdiction or borders of thecapital city.Jerusalem has profound symbolic, cultural and religiousvalue for the Jewish people at large, and not only for theJewish citizens of Israel. However, the standing ofDiaspora Jewry is not clear in regard to concessions onJerusalem in the framework of diplomatic negotiationson a permanent accord. While Diaspora Jewry has noformal legal standing in the negotiations conducted bythe sovereign government of the State of Israel, thepositions and emotions of Diaspora Jewry have animportant weight that should be taken into consideration.This conclusion is all the more important, if not alarming,in light of the parallel development in the Arab world inrecent years: Jerusalem has become a dominantcomponent of the discourse, taking on a religiousand national role that unites around it even rivalIslamic streams. This phenomenon primarilycharacterizes radical Islam. At the same time, amongJewish Israelis, a trend of diminishing connection toJerusalem and less familiarity with its history andcentrality for the Jewish people has been observed.A weakening of Jewish connection to Jerusalem is notonly characteristic of young people (as revealed in the2008 Herzliya Conference Patriotism Survey and in asurvey of the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies). Thediminishing connection to the city is also shared amongleading intellectuals in their forties and fifties. Negativeattitudes to Jerusalem are expressed in colloquialreferences to the city as “a city of the ultra-Orthodox”,“a city of stones” and “a dead city”, to mention just a few.Changes inthesovereignty ofJerusalemwould requiretheenactment ofa basic lawJerusalem isan importantcomponent oftherelationshipbetweenIsrael andDiasporaJewrySince the conflict over Jerusalem has yet to be resolved,it is recommended to adopt a conflict managementTwo factors contribute to the weakening connection ofJews to Jerusalem, and feed off each other:14

Theconnection toJerusalemneeds to bestrengthenedamong allsegments ofthe population• The depressed economic situation and growingpoverty in Jerusalem;• Migration of “stronger” population groups (in socioeconomicterms) away from Jerusalem.These negative phenomena and trends point to thedepth and severity of the rupture in the general public’sconnection to the capital city, encompassing allsegments of the population in Israel and thus should beregarded as a call for action mandating acomprehensive strategic national plan. Such a planshould include a reallocation of resources tostrengthen the population’s connection toJerusalem particularly through education – formal andinformal – throughout the country and aimed at all agegroups. Israelis, and especially the younger generations,should become more informed about Jerusalem, itshistory and centrality in Jewish culture and heritage.and be used by the above and other terroristnetworks.While Global jihad continues to strengthen and expand,it seems that the West has yet to develop an effectivestrategy and appropriate tools for dealing with it,exacerbated by ongoing failure to define the problem.American researchers list several reasons for this:• The West does not understand the nature of radicalIslam, and generally only wakes up when a terroristattack occurs;• People do not understand that the theology of theMuslim Brotherhood is subversive and that its spreadundermines stability;• In the name of political correctness, erroneousterminology has become part of the public discourse,and this influences government policies and lawenforcement in the West, thus mitigating theircapacity to deal with the phenomenon effectively.Global jihad istaken rootand growingin strengthThe Westdoes notunderstandthe challengeof radicalIslam and isthereforeunable toadequatelydeal with itThe Challenge of Radical Islam………………………………………….…….Radical Islam continues to take root, whilst Westerngovernments are trying to find their way in challengingthis phenomenon and are experiencing difficulty informulating an effective strategy to counter it. Expertsand observers noted the spread of the Islamic “dawa”in Europe and the United States, accompanied byextremist religious indoctrination. Global jihad isexpanding and strengthening its hold in variousregions throughout the world. The major currenttrends of Global jihad consist of the following:• Al-Qaeda in South Asia is strengthening its capacityto attack Western targets;• Al-Qaeda in Iraq – during the second half of 2007,the U.S. recorded a number of achievements in thewar against al-Qaeda’s infrastructure;• Al-Qaeda in North Africa (the Maghreb States) ischanging patterns of action, including increased useof suicide attacks on Western targets;• Al-Qaeda in the Middle East – is pursuing attemptsto penetrate into Turkey, Lebanon, the Gaza Strip,and the West Bank;• Hezbollah activity around the world – attention isusually focused on al-Qaeda as a global network, butHezbollah also operates around the world. Hezbollahacts as an Iranian proxy organization and directs, inturn, other proxies, such as Islamic Jihad and Hamas;• Iranian activity bridges traditional divisionsbetween Sunni and Shiite Muslims – as part of theeffort to export the Islamic Revolution, while executingacts of terror around the world, utilizing proxyorganizations and collaborating with al-Qaeda andspontaneous organizations in Iraq;• Growing fear that weapons of mass destructionand/or radiological materials will fall into the hands ofThe Atlantic Community, the Middle Eastand Israel………………………………………………..The Atlantic community faces significant security threatsas a result of developments in the Middle East.“Globalized” insecurity reigns in the region and inthe world. This is the result of a combination ofglobalization, radicalization of Islamic ideology andmovements, and the proliferation of weapons ofmass destruction. This reality places the Atlanticcommunity, alongside Israel, on a battlefront ofthreats. Common security challenges constitute a basisfor collaboration and closer strategic cooperationbetween Israel and the Atlantic community and itsprimary institutions – the European Union and NATO.These security challenges are so significant that someargue that the new strategic reality calls into questionthe territorial-geographic limits of the Atlanticcommunity. A more important framework, according tothis argument, would be the community of democraticnations, which extends beyond North America andEurope.These trends also explain the growing strategicinvolvement of the entire Atlantic community in theMiddle Eastern arena. The involvement of the Atlanticcommunity, led by the U.S., is also expected tocontinue after the change of administration inWashington in January 2009. However, Americanleadership in the region will require that the nextadministration fosters further engagement with itsEuropean partners and ensures domestic support in theU.S. for its involvement.Israel and theAtlanticcommunitysharecommoninterestsThe U.S. andEuropedemonstrateincreasedinvolvementin the MiddleEast15

In addition to the United States, key countries inEurope are expanding their military and diplomaticpresence in the region. France under the NicolasSarkozy is prominent among the European states in itsregional activity. France now defines its internationaland regional role as complementary to that of the UnitedStates. France increased its military presence in thePersian Gulf and Lebanon in 2007, is promoting a newframework for Mediterranean cooperation (its formationwill be accelerated during the French presidency of theEuropean Union in the second half of 2008), and issupporting the development of nuclear programs forpeaceful uses in Arab states. Britain, Italy and Germanyhave also increased their diplomatic-security profile inthe region.The U.S. welcomes this involvement, as it reflectsrenewed integration of the Middle East policies ofthe members of the Euro-Atlantic alliance. Thisstrategic rapprochement between the U.S. and Europehas however accentuated American demands forEurope to contribute more, both militarily and financially,to the confrontation in Afghanistan and in other regionalarenas.In a paradoxical way perhaps, the complexity of thesecurity challenge enhances Israel’s internationalstanding vis-à-vis the Atlantic community. Israel is anatural ally of Europe and of North America and itshould be an integral part of the strategic-diplomaticalignment of Western countries. Israel does not need toresort to the Atlantic community as an appendage, butrather as a full and natural partner. Israel should beexamining new ideas for a closer strategic partnershipwith the U.S., but, at the same time, there is also roomto strengthen political dialogue and concretecooperation with the institutions of the Atlanticcommunity.Israel should aspire to attain formal and fullpartnership with the North Atlantic Alliance. NATO’sMediterranean Dialogue makes it difficult for Israel topromote practical cooperation in which both sides havean interest. Attaining full partnership would requirehowever, transforming NATO’s structure of relations withnon-allies. The upgrading of Israel’s status requires adiplomatic campaign and lobbying in Europe and inthe United States.In recent years, cooperation between Israel and NATOhas broadened into a series of fields and activities ofmutual interest. It is clear to NATO that Israel couldcontribute more and significantly to the issues on itsstrategic-security agenda, including missile defensesystems, defense research and development (R&D),protection of energy infrastructure, use of unmannedaerial vehicles, and dealing with improvised explosivedevices. Israel could derive considerable concretebenefits from strengthening its relations and upgradingits standing in NATO, including participation in projectsand frameworks that have not been open to it so far.Moreover, the growing strategic understandingbetween the U.S. and Europe makes NATO evenmore significant in confronting the strategicchallenges in the Middle East – and, consequently,Israel has a clear diplomatic-security interest in being akey partner in measures to be decided upon in theframework of the Alliance.Israel also has common interests and much roomfor deeper security cooperation with the EuropeanUnion – especially in relation to the “war on terror”. Inmid-2008, a joint European-Israeli “Reflection Group” isexpected to submit its conclusions regarding how toupgrade relations between the European Union andIsrael. Nonetheless, some mutual misunderstandings doexist between Europe and Israel and those cannot beignored. Europe has not always been able to appreciateor take into consideration the security challenges anddiplomatic and strategic dilemmas Israel faces.However, this tendency is beginning to change, alsoagainst the backdrop of the growing threat of terrorism inEurope and increasing awareness of radical Islam. To alarge extent, this changing trend is a mirror image of thedeepening strategic understanding between the U.S.and Europe.While strengthening bilateral relations betweenIsrael and the institutions of the Atlantic community,Israel should not completely neglect theMediterranean frameworks these institutions haveestablished. Indeed, in recent years, the EuropeanUnion and NATO have emphasized the development ofbilateral ties with the countries of the region at theexpense of multilateral frameworks. Nevertheless, somebelieve that the Mediterranean could become analternative organizing concept, supplanting a broad viewof the Middle East. Israel could become a natural part ofthis type of framework. Moreover, President Sarkozy’sMediterranean initiative could create new opportunitiesfor Israel to foster regional relations and it is preferableto the existing framework of the Barcelona process,because the new framework is not expected to makeregional cooperation conditional upon the state ofIsraeli-Palestinian relations and accords.Energy Security………………………………………………..Ensuring the supply of energy is a growing challenge inlight of contemporary fluctuations in the global energymarket and geo-political developments, particularly inthe Middle East. There is an increasing focus on thesubject of energy security in Western countries, and alsoin Israel, as a global issue with broad ramifications forinternational stability.Experts’ projections anticipate a significant rise indemand for energy in the coming decades. There ishowever, no increase projected in the supply of oil,There is abasis fordeepercooperationwith the EU16

The gapbetweendemand andsupply in theworld energymarket isgrowingand some key oil reserves are in states that do notattract Western private capital. The developingeconomies of China and India, and their soaring ratesof growth, are consuming greater amounts of energy.This is exemplified by the staggering growth oftransportation development in China and the increaseduse of, and demand for, fossil fuels and coal-generatedelectricity. The experts forecast a 50% increase inglobal demand for energy by 2030. The energyeconomy faces very significant and lasting changes thatare similar in scope to those the global energy marketexperienced in the 1970s. Decision-makers in Israel andworld over face a central challenge: to ensure thecontinued supply of energy in a secure, reliable andeconomically viable way.The main projections for the coming decades:• Demand for oil will constitute 80% of the total demandfor energy;• Demand for natural gas will rise, but coal will still bethe second most common source of energy;• The world’s energy resources will be sufficient forhuman consumption during the coming decades, butthis consumption is expected to have a large-scalenegative impact on the environment.Israel is one of the leading countries in the world in thedevelopment of solar energy technologies, yet it isunclear how much electricity Israel can produce in thisway. In addition, Israel is not turning to nuclear energyas an alternative source. A professional study shouldbe conducted to examine practical options forproducing energy from renewable and othersources.The changes and trends in the global energy marketposition Israel as a strategic focal point betweenenergy sources in Eurasia and the developingmarkets in East Asia. A joint venture of the Eilat-Ashkelon Pipeline Company and internationalcorporations will enable the transportation of fuel fromthe countries of the former Soviet Union, via the Blackand Caspian Seas, to the markets in the East. Thisproject is likely to reduce dependence on Gulf State oil,especially for East Asia.Climate Change and National Security………………………………………………..Israel couldbe a strategicfocal point forenergysecurityWhat can be done?Proposed solutions focus on three main areas of action:• Developing new reserves of natural gas in order toensure the supply, particularly to Europe;• Improving the transparency of data and dialoguebetween states, consumer organizations andsuppliers with the aim of enabling them to make moreinformed decisions;• Technological improvements that will enableimproved quarrying and better energy efficiency.The more the crisis with Iran intensifies, the higherthe price of fuel is expected to rise. This assessmentis consistent with an analysis of trends in the energymarket according to which, there is a greater trendtowards the consumption of oil and gas produced inOPEC countries and Russia.Due to Israel’s sensitive geo-political situation, thechallenge of securing the supply of energy is likely to beeven more complicated. Israel aspires to increasedcollaboration with Turkey and Egypt. The minister fornational infrastructure presented ambitious goals for thedistribution of energy sources for local use in the comingdecade:• 50% coal;• 40% natural gas;• 10% “renewable energies” (wind, solar energy).According to official forecasts, during the coming decadethe Israeli economy will consume twice as muchelectricity. Therefore, most effort is now being investedin natural gas. The sources of gas Israel currently usesare not sufficient for its needs, and it is turning toadditional sources.There is growing understanding that problems that usedto be termed “environmental” have far-reachingramifications on a broad range of vital and existentialinterests that impact national security. The BaliConference, which convened about a month and a halfprior to the 2008 Herzliya Conference, focusedinternational attention on issues of climate change andthe environment. The Bali conference raised awarenessto the global dimension of the matter – disasters,economic crises and environmental processes can nolonger be considered as isolated, local events.The 2008 Herzliya Conference included a discussionon the implications of climate change in the MiddleEast region for national security. Up-to-date data waspresented on global warming, its scope and its globalramifications, from both the environmental and nationalsecurity perspectives. The implications of the climatecrisis on the national security and strength of Israel werediscussed and practical recommendations were offered.In examining the global picture, the pace of greenhousegas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide, is larger andmore rapid than experts previously projected. The paceof emissions is accelerating, and the most tangibleconsequence is the melting of the glaciers in the Arcticregion.While planting trees to counteract the emission ofgreenhouse gases and the massive clearing of theworld’s forests is certainly likely to delay environmentaldamage, it is clear that it is not going to resolve the crisisof global warming. Israel and Keren Kayemet L'Yisrael(Jewish National Fund) have the opportunity to17

Plantingforests is adelayingtactic, but it isnot a longtermsolutionfor globalwarmingThere areramificationsof climatechange onnationalstrength andsecuritycontribute to counteracting global warming, basedon their experience of large-scale tree planting in semiaridregions. This contribution would not only beexpressed in planting additional trees, but bydisseminating knowledge and by providing training toother areas of the world where these are needed.Various studies conducted in recent years have shownthat significant climate change is also occurring inIsrael – summer is becoming hotter and winter colder;unseasonable temperatures occur more frequently andthere is a significant increase in the number of hot days;heat waves are more common; the sea level is rising ata pace of ten millimeters per year; the amount of annualrainfall is declining; aridity and desertification areincreasing.There was consensus that the most significant solutionsfor global warming can be found by transitioning to moreenvironmentally friendly and renewable energies, amongthem nuclear and solar energy. However, whileconsensus exists in regard of the need for a significantreduction in greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxidein particular, an alternative view that offered a differentinterpretation of the data on global warming was alsopresented. Professor Bjørn Lomborg from Denmarkargued that the global warming data has beeninterpreted in an exaggerated manner. In his view, richcountries can better cope with the ramifications of globalwarming. By way of example, he cited the Netherlands,which will certainly do better at coping with the flooding,which will result from rising sea levels (as a result of itslevel of development). Lomborg does not claim thatglobal warming is an illusion, but he proposes that thegreater benefit can be derived from providing assistanceto developing countries and regions that have other direneeds, such as to eradicate diseases. Such assistancewould help developing countries and regions to bettercope with the consequences of climate change. Thisshould take priority, he argues, over large-scaleinvestment in reducing carbon dioxide emission. Thegovernment of Israel must conduct an in-depthstudy of the significance of climate change in all itsaspects, including the diplomatic-security aspect,and prepare accordingly.Israel should immediately initiate suitablepreparations in regard of existing and future waterresources. Israel’s water reserves are sparse andclimate change is already tangibly affecting the watermarket, which is experiencing a difficult crisis. Somewater reservoirs are polluted and have sunk below theso-called “red line”. Climate change will further reducethe amount of available water and water quality willdeteriorate, the level of the Sea of Galilee and the DeadSea will drop, and the instance of flooding is expected toincrease (due to the greater intensity of rains), resultingin soil erosion and a reduction in the amount of waterseeping through the ground into the aquifers. Israelshould promote agriculture that is adapted to conservingwater and energy, and it should plan for thereplenishment of the country’s water reserves.It is necessary to formulate programs of action foremergency situations that can be anticipated toarise as a result of climate change. These changesare expected to affect the agricultural sector, touristfacilities along the coastline, industry, residences andmore. Population groups that are weak in socioeconomicterms will find it difficult to cope with crisissituations of this type, and distress is likely to increaseas prices for basic food products and energy rise. Healthservices need improved capacity and tools for copingwith wide-scale breakouts of infectious diseases anddisease-carriers (for example, mosquitoes, ticks).Israel will need to be prepared for the eventualitythat climate change may engender regionaldestabilization. A rise in the sea level and possibleflooding, on the one hand (for example, in the Niledelta), and drought and increased desertification, on theother hand, are liable to undermine stability in some ofthe countries of the region and lead to the migration ofpopulations around the Middle East. Under suchcircumstances, Israel may face increased demands toaccommodate refugees and to transfer water toneighboring states.In light of the implications of climate change for thewater economy, Israel will need to closely study itscapacity to fulfill existing diplomatic accords and toenter into future agreements. In conditions of aridity, itwill be difficult for Israel to continue to fulfill its part of thewater agreement signed with Jordan, which includesshared water sources: the Jordan and Yarmuk rivers,the Dead Sea, Nahal Arava and the Red Sea. In thiscontext, the water sources shared by Israel and thePalestinian Authority should also be noted. In futurediplomatic accords with Syria and Lebanon, the waterissue will play a significant role, since some of theJordan River’s water comes from the Golan Heights andsome of the sources of the Dan and Hatzbani riverspass through Syrian and Lebanese territory. Thequestion of pumping Syrian water from the Sea ofGalilee is also likely to be a subject for discussion. Israelwill need to protect its water rights.Israel must examine ways to best cope with theextensive ramifications that climate change is expectedto bring to a wide range of fields, including nationalsecurity. This should be ensured in addition tomaintaining emphasis on high-quality research in thefield of ecology, encouraging the production of solarenergy, and implementing real steps to reduce thepolluting activity that contributes to global warming.Some feardestabilization in theregion as aresult ofclimatechange18

S o c i o - E c o n o m i c C l u s t e rNational Strength and Patriotism in Israel……………………………………………….exception of some southern Europe countries (Greece,Portugal and Spain). At the same time, those southernEurope countries are taking clear strides to narrow andeven close the gap.Israel’seconomicperformancehas improvedbut its socialstrength isdecliningIsrael is in aninferiorpositioncompared tomost OECDcountriesEconomic and social strengthIt is possible to detect mixed, and sometimescontradictory, trends pertaining to Israel’s nationalstrength from the economic, social and governanceperspectives.The Herzliya Indices examine Israel’s situation incomparison to members of the OECD, along a range ofeconomic, social and political indicators. The results ofthe specially-commissioned annual study reveal thatIsrael’s performance has improved in the economicsphere. Israel is transitioning from a period of crisis,following the wave of terrorism in the beginning of thedecade, to a period of recovery. Israel maintains itsposition as the strongest economic power in the MiddleEast, though some of the other states in the region havealso noted improved economic performance.On the other hand, an examination of Israel’sperformance on social indicators is lessencouraging – Israel’s social strength is decliningand growing disparity with OECD countries is easilyobserved. Thus, for example, the trend of wideningincome gaps, which characterized the years 2000-2003,has remained unchanged, despite the overall economicimprovement.From the perspective of political governance (includingan examination of the level of corruption, lawenforcement and political stability), Israel has a lowranking, and no improvement has been recorded sincethe beginning of the decade.The participants in the discussion agreed that Israelshould define its vision and set clear goals in order toenhance its situation, to “leap” forward and position itselfhigher in the ranking of leading states.It was suggested that the Herzliya Indices be regardedas a practical tool for dual use: to precisely assessIsrael’s shortcomings and to measure improvements inperformance.PatriotismThe level of patriotism in Israel remains stable andhigh. The annual Patriotism Survey, which wasconducted during the last week of December 2007,indicates that the level of patriotism in Israel hasremained stable in comparison to the level measured inthe previous survey. The survey this year examinedseparately the level of patriotism among residents ofconfrontation zones: the northern border, Sderot and thecommunities bordering Gaza. The residents of theseareas display a high sense of patriotism.The survey revealed a moderate recovery onparameters which declined in the aftermath of theSecond Lebanon War. On the other hand, the surveyrevealed a disturbing trend of continued erosion ofpublic confidence in the institutions of government,particularly in the Supreme Court. This is especiallydramatic in light of the strong support the SupremeCourt had enjoyed.The HerzliyaIndicesshould beused as apractical toolforencouragingimprovedperformanceThe level ofpatriotism ishigh inconflict areasAn analysis of the findings over time indicates thatbetween 2000 and 2003 a decline was recorded for allindices, and while recovery has been taking place, it islimited to the economic dimension alone. In the socialand political dimensions, no recovery has been recordedand the indices point toward even lower levels thanthose recorded prior to the crisis.The index of the values of the Israeli public remainedstable, and most of the survey sample chose “love ofcountry” as the value associated with the concept ofpatriotism. One of the conclusions that can be derivedfrom the survey findings is that the citizens in Israelindeed feel strength and fortitude, but they perceive theirgovernment institutions as less strong and less worthythan those they feel they deserve.Further analysis shows that Israel is maintaining itsadvantage in comparison to other states in Europe thatare seeking to join the OECD. Nevertheless, Israel isworse off than most of OECD members, with theInterpretations of the survey findings have led to twodistinguishable perspectives. Some consider verypositive the fact that those with the highest score of19

The majorityof the JewishIsraelipopulationwould notleave thecountry in theevent of anuclear IranThephenomenonof evadingmilitaryservice is achallenge forthe wholesocietypatriotism in the survey are religious (although, not ultra-Orthodox) Jews. Others see this as a sign of decline inthe level of commitment of those groups previouslyconsidered as the Israeli “elite” (secular Jews fromvarious backgrounds) and identify a need to bolsterpatriotism among these population groups.One elected official pointed with concern to the growth ineconomic disparities in Israel and its impact on thepatriotic sentiment of the population – reflected in thecorrelation between low incomes and low levels ofpatriotism.The impact of the security situation onpatriotismIt seems that the evolving security threat in the MiddleEast and the emergence of a nuclear threat from Iran donot have a detrimental effect on the level of Israelipatriotism. The survey examined whether the presenceof a hostile state in the region armed with nuclearweapons would constitute a reason for leaving Israel.According to the data collected, the overwhelmingmajority (86%) of the Jewish Israeli public would notconsider leaving the country because of this.In addition, against the backdrop of continued Qassamrocket attacks on communities bordering Gaza and onthe city of Sderot, the social solidarity of Jewish citizenshas become more evident. Most respondents believethat the distance of these communities from centralIsrael is the reason for their neglect, and think that theresilience of the local residents in the face of regularrocket fire is admirable. At the same time, the surveyalso suggests that a large majority of Israeli citizenswould be prepared to assist residents of Sderot and theregion in a variety of ways.Evasion of military serviceClose examination reveals a gap between the personnelneeds of the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) and of thedefense establishment, and forecasted rates of militaryenlistment for the coming years. Among the factorscontributing to this is the widespread instance of evadingcompulsory military service, accompanied by an erosionof the perceived value of military service and a reductionin the number of inductions over the years. The IDFchief of staff said that the defense forces would have tofight for each and every recruit in the future.Both the chief of staff and the IDF chief education officeremphasized in their remarks that the problem is not onlyof concern to the military, but that it should engage andtrouble the entire society and all governmentalauthorities.The situation requires action, including education forIsraeli young people about the value of military serviceand reserve duty. The chief of staff expressed supportfor expanding national service in Israel in order tonarrow the gap between those who are prepared tosacrifice themselves for the state’s security and thosewho are not serving at all.The Herzliya Accord – Prioritizing IsraeliSocial Needs and Programs...................................................................The objective of the Herzliya Accord project is toprovide a methodology for defining priorities and forallocating resources for social issues at the nationallevel. In order to conduct an in-depth study of thequestion “What constitutes a worthwhile investment?”from the national perspective, two different groups wereformed and asked to deliberate this subject in astructured and controlled framework. The projectfocused on a discussion of the priorities for nationalinvestment in social areas, and did not deal with theallocation of resources for security needs.The first group consisted of seven renowned Israeliexperts in the field of economics. A second group, madeup of young people with outstanding academicachievements and leadership potential, was asked toaddress the same issues in order to generate a “secondopinion” from members of a younger generation. Whilethe Copenhagen Consensus, which inspired theHerzliya Accord, refers to prioritizing projects for thegood of humanity, the Herzliya Accord has moremodest ambitions and focuses on the Israeli case only.The following question was posed to both groups fordiscussion:If Israel had an additional NIS 6 billion 1 to spend onsocial programs during the next six years, howshould the money be invested?The members of the panel were asked to allocate themoney, taking into account cost-benefit considerations.Before the panel of senior economists began rankingissues, they received a list of projects collected fromKnesset debates and working papers from variousgovernment ministries. Experts appeared before thepanels to deliver briefings and present options forinvesting the funds. After a preliminary discussion, theteams chose projects in ten fields: health, education,social welfare, environmental protection, infrastructure,personal security, aliyah [Jewish immigration] andabsorption, developing the Negev and Galilee,1 In January 2008, 6 billion NIS represented approximately1.6 million USD.20

There wasconsensusthatinvestment inelementaryeducationshould be thepriorityThe youthpanelproposed tofocus only oneducation andimprovingpublicservicesIsrael shouldaspire toposition itselfas a worldleader inacademicachievementtechnological R&D, and a national “agenda”(employment, poverty reduction, promoting specialpopulation sectors). The panels held three rounds ofdiscussions, making an effort to quantitatively rank andgive numerical expression to the preferences of each ofthe participants individually. The Delphi method wasused to conduct the discussions: Members of the panelwere asked to discuss a problem and to reach aconsensus. In essence, the Herzliya Accord is acalculation of the average rankings of the members ofthe panel of senior economists.There was consensus among the senior experts thatinvestment in education is the central objective. Themembers of the panel did not reach a consensus on therest of the allocation. On the other hand, the members ofthe young leadership panel proposed focusinginvestment on just two main fields: education andimproving public services.The main conclusions reached by the panels were asfollows:• The youth panel proposed that maximum benefitwould derive from allocating NIS 1.55 billion (25.8%of the sum) to education; emphasis should be placedon elementary education in the first place, withsecondary and higher education coming in secondand third. These rankings express consensus amongthe panel members that investment in education isthe most important investment the state can make toenhance Israel’s qualitative advantage, for narrowingsocial disparities and for promoting equalopportunities;• The panel of experts did not manage to reach aconsensus and clear decision regarding the benefitderived from investing in the categories at the bottomof the list, including investment in health andinvestment in aliyah [immigration] and absorption;• Unlike the team of economists, which allocatedfunds to projects in all of the categories, the youngleadership panel chose to focus on only twocategories: education and enhancing the publicservices.Promoting Excellence: The Challenge ofEducation in Israel………………………………………………..Promoting excellence as a national valueEducation in Israel has reached an unacceptablyand disturbingly low level. This can certainly beattributed to, among other things, the unusual anddifficult conditions in which the state exists. Vigorousaction and sweeping reform are needed to halt andreverse this alarming trend. Considering its specialcharacteristics, Israel must attempt to position itselfamong the world’s leaders in educationalachievement and excellence.The 2008 Herzliya Conference included a discussion ofways to advance Israeli society through excellence ineducation. There is general concern about the relativeposition of the Israeli education system in comparison todeveloped countries and relative to its position inprevious decades. It is true that there are “islands” ofexcellence in the fields of science (notably, in computerscience and biotechnology), innovation and technology.This is expressed in the number of patents registered inIsrael relative to the size of its population. Theseachievements help to keep Israel in an average positionin most of the professional rankings, but they cover upgrowing mediocrity that is spreading from theeducation system to many other areas of society.The basis for comparison between Israel’sachievements in the field of education and those of othercountries are data gathered and interpreted by theOECD, which is considered to have the mostsophisticated and reliable of all the indices for assessingand ranking education. In this framework, the PISA 2 testand ranking has gained prominence. According to themost recent test data (2006), Israel is ranked in fortiethplace, a bit below the average score. But, closeranalysis of the data reveals that the disparity betweenhigh and low scorers in Israel is wider than the normfor OECD countries. This data requires in-depth study,given that the level of resources invested in education inIsrael (as a percentage of GNP) is significantly higherthan the level of resources invested in the educationsystems of countries that are at the top of the rankings,for example, South Korea and Finland.A lack of correlation between the level of financialinvestment and improvements in the level of educationalachievement is not unique to Israel. The United States,for example, has systematically increased its educationspending since the late 1970s, but the performance ofthe American educational system has not, and in certainfields, it has even declined. Similarly, the commonassumption about the relationship between educationalsuccess and classroom size seems not to be empiricallysupported. In this case too, the American experienceindicates that an impressive reduction in classroomsize has not led to an improvement in the students’level of educational achievement. South Korea andSingapore are countries positioned at the top ofeducational achievement rankings and they are bothcountries in which students learn in crowdedclassrooms.In the context of this discussion, a study conducted byMcKinsey was presented. This study attempted to2 The PISA examination has been administered once every threeyears since 2000. The test examines 15-year-old students in theareas of language skills, mathematics and science. 62 countries –including both OECD members and non-members – participated inthe last test, held in 2006.GapsbetweenIsrael and theOECDcountries inthe field ofeducation canbe observed21

identify factors for success and excellence in education.It argues that it is impossible to achieve educationalquality that exceeds the quality of the teachers. That is,the quality of teaching staff is the most importantfactor for success. In all of the countries positioned atthe top of the world ranking, outstanding graduates ofthe higher education system seek to work in education,usually as teachers. By way of example, graduates fromthe top five percentiles in South Korea, from the 90 thpercentile and above in Finland and from the 70 thpercentile and above in Singapore, turn to teaching. Onthe other hand, in the United States, the educationsystem recruits university and college graduates whoseachievement level is at the 30 th percentile or below.South Korea, Finland and Singapore also devote specialattention to recruiting and training school principals. Allthree countries maintain a sophisticated, comprehensiveand systematic mechanism for the training and continualprofessional development of teachers and schoolprincipals. In Singapore, school principals are alsoaccorded a special and high social status.In light of these findings, the status of teachers andthe education system in Israel is particularlyworrying. Nearly one third of the teachers in elementaryeducation in Israel lack an academic qualification andteachers are at the bottom of the public sector wagescale. A survey conducted by the Society for Excellencethrough Education in late 2007 reveals that theperceived status of teachers in the population is low inall measures related to excellence. High-tech and themilitary are professional fields that project excellence atthe highest level.At the 2008 Herzliya Conference, the minister ofeducation presented a plan for improving the educationsystem, including the following measures:• The dramatic improvement in teachers’ salaries;• Developing frameworks for training teachers withstrong academic backgrounds;• The raising of entrance requirements for teachertraining colleges.Another principle in the Ministry’s plan is to foster acloser individual relationship between teachers andstudents. The work plan creates structuredencouragement for teachers to work with small groupsof students and even with individual students, bothoutstanding and weak. Special attention is devoted toindividual work in grades 1 and 2 in order to verify thelearning of basic skills that the student requires for lifeand to achieve academic excellence.Reducing the number of students per classroom to amaximum of thirty-two is another of the plan’s goals.This objective will be implemented differentially andgradually, with priority for schools defined as weak. Aschool for educational leadership has been establishedas part of the plan to foster and promote the status ofschool principals.There is room to define the aspiration for excellenceas a value in all fields, and particularly in the field ofeducation. It is argued that “excellence” is not a goal,but rather a path whose practical meaning is to alwaysstrive for improvement. Curiosity and independence, twointerlinked qualities, were defined as necessaryconditions for generating excellence. It is argued thatpeople excel in areas that personally interest them.Therefore, a system that seeks to encourage excellencemust allow a high degree of independence and choice inthe fields of endeavor. The president of the WeizmannInstitute of Science defined those who excel as peoplewho know how to “identify the answers to questions thathave yet to be asked.” These answers, which constitutescientific innovations, are a product of the curiosity thatdrives those who excel. Therefore, the system in whichthey operate must make sure to provide them withindependence and freedom.Israel must invest in encouraging excellence inacademia. It can no longer rely on improving thescientific community’s performance by absorbing Jewishscientists from abroad, and it lacks the resources andconditions to compete with the world’s leadinguniversities for outstanding scientists on the globalacademic market place. Some speakers proposed theestablishment of a national authority forencouraging excellence in education in order tobetter address all of the problems discussed.Excellence and reform in the Israeli highereducation systemScientific research is a condition for achievingambitious economic objectives. The economic andtechnological breakthrough Israel achieved in the early1990s cannot be replicated without a strategy andadvance planning. That breakthrough resulted from acoincidence of circumstances: the maturation of defensetechnologies and their conversion to civilian use in theprivate market, the influx of educated immigrants fromthe former Soviet Union, progress in the peace process,and economic globalization.Total investment in scientific research worldwide isestimated at about U.S. $250 billion a year. Marketforces are not capable of financing and promotingscientific research and even the research conducted atindependent universities in the U.S. is federally funded.In the world’s leading countries, the budgets forscientific research are growing, while nocomparable trend is to be observed in Israel. TheUnited States and the United Kingdom have doubledtheir research budgets in recent years. Germanyrecently launched a new program, and the EuropeanUnion established the European Research Council(ERC) in 2008, with a research budget of 2 billion euros.Israel, on the other hand, is not increasing its allocationsfor scientific research in line with this Western trend.Scientific research in Israel is budgeted at about U.S.Israel is notincreasing itsbudgets forscientificresearch,contrary tothe globaltrend22

Improvementin theeconomicsituation willnot providesolutions forall Israel’sfutureproblems$100 million per year. (Officially, according to data fromthe Central Bureau of Statistics cited in comparativeindices, 0.75% of GDP is allocated for scientificresearch). For the purpose of comparison, the annualresearch budget at the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology (MIT) is U.S. $950 million. Israel mustallocate greater resources for scientific researchand encourage this research systematicly.The next breakthrough will not be spontaneous, butplanned, and it must be based on structural change inhigher education and research funding. One of theproposals for comprehensive reform in the highereducation system includes a number of structuralchanges, as follows:• Post-secondary training should be provided for about75% of high school graduates;• An echelon of “elite universities” should beestablished;• An echelon of regular research universities should beestablished;• Colleges should be strengthened.Reform of the budgeting practices of the Planning andBudgeting Committee and the Council for HigherEducation is required in order to give moreadministrative authority to the academic institutionsthemselves. National budgets for research shouldbecome more heterogeneous and give priority toresearch in the fields of nanotechnology andbiotechnology.Future Growth Engines for the IsraeliEconomy………………………………………………..The performance of Israel’s economy is positive and itscurrent situation seems to be sound as it continues togrow. Since the 1990s, Israel has become a globaleconomic player. The success of the Israeli economy isreflected by a 45% growth of GDP, increasedinvestment, a high credit rating, high regard fromfinancial institutions such as the International MonetaryFund, and an invitation from the OECD to join theorganization. However, there is concern that Israel’sperformance is not sufficient to successfully meetthe challenges of the future.Forecasts of demographic trends (birth rates) andemployment, along with anticipated trends incompetition from other economies in the world, placeIsrael in a less-than-desirable position. Discussionsrevealed a consensus that even if the current datapoints toward continued economic growth, the pace ofgrowth in a multi-year (one decade) perspective is notsatisfactory. This is true in comparison to other countriesin the Western world, and also relative to the pace ofadvancement required of Israel when considering itsbasic economic data.The heads of the Israeli Institute for EconomicPlanning expressed concern that the sense ofeuphoria generated by the positive economicsituation that currently prevails will lead to the“allocation of the fruits of wealth” instead of an effort tostimulate and accelerate growth, which would ultimatelyturn out to be a serious mistake. The feeling that theeconomy is “secure” may turn out to be a miragebecause the strength of an economy is measured byits ability to cope with medium-term problems, andnot by its successful performance in the short term.Israel should promptly formulate an economicpolicy that takes into consideration the anticipatedgrowth in demand for employment, as well asdemographic and social changes, both current andfuture. Israel’s rate of growth is not sufficient and thedisparity between Israel and the leading countries arewidening. In addition, there is significant poverty andinequality in Israel. It is clear that the problems inIsrael’s economy are not only attributable to its unstablesecurity situation. Socio-economic instability and thelack of a national decision to encourage definedgrowth engines are also to blame. The deputygovernor of the Bank of Israel proposed setting a goal ofreaching a GNPper-capita level equal to 80% of U.S.GNP per-capita over the next ten years.What is the appropriate extent of governmentinvolvement? There is consensus that somegovernment involvement is required in designingpolicy, but there is a disagreement over its extent.Some support government involvement for regulatingforeign labor, for investing in industry and services, andeven for regulating support to the business sector.However, the accepted view was that the governmentshould not continue its policy of investment incentives inits current format, and that it should rather move in thedirection of encouraging investment in growthengines.Israel must stop focusing only on industry andshould become engaged in service sectors. Oneproposal was to combine investment in high-techindustries (with growth potential) and investment in theservices field, such as Israeli tourism, which requires alow-educated work force. In this area, it was suggestedthat the government should assist the hotel industry bymarketing Christian tourism in Israel, while providinginvestment guarantees in the event of security-relatedinstability.23

The Bank of Israel and economic growthIn order to maintain the current level of growth, there is aneed to strengthen the independence of the Bank ofIsrael. The Bank of Israel Law of 1954 is no longerappropriate for the global environment. According to therecommendations of the Levin Committee, greatertransparency is needed, particularly on interest ratepolicy.In addition, the Bank of Israel should also promote thefollowing objectives:• Maintain price stability;• Support for government objectives, particularly inregard to growth and employment;• Support for the economy’s financial stability,especially during crisis periods;• Enhance transparency in the bank’s managementprocesses, including periodic reports to the legislativeand executive branches.Developing Opportunity………………………………………………..Millions of people around the world, and a great many inIsrael, are living below the poverty line. Today, about abillion human beings live in impoverished neighborhoodsof cities around the world, compared to 715 million in1990. According to projections based on current trends,by 2020, 1.4 billion people will reside in impoverishedneighborhoods.Israel is not immune to this phenomenon. For example,about half of the children of Jerusalem and a third ofits households are estimated to be living below thepoverty line.Poverty is defined in relative terms in Israel; anyone whoearns less than half of the average wage is defined aspoor. This definition is actually more a measurement ofrelative disparities in society than an evaluation of thelevel and quality of life in absolute terms. Poverty inIsrael is concentrated mainly in two populations: 60% ofthe ultra-Orthodox population and a similar proportion ofthe Israeli-Arab population. Several studies point to therelationship between depressed social conditions andfundamentalism. One of the ways to deal with thisconundrum is by encouraging opportunity and bydeveloping opportunities.In order to narrow the polarization in Israel between the“haves” and the “have-nots”, several key policyprinciples were set forth:• Free the economy from the current unjustified taxburden and unchecked monopolies;• Continue to strengthen and institutionalize economicpartnership between Israel and the Palestinians,which will strengthen the opportunity for peace andsecurity;• Promote economic ventures that will encouragepositive discourse in the Palestinian Authority;• Initiate “islands” of prosperity in agriculture, industryand tourism;• Focus on prioritizing Israel’s resources with the aim ofdeveloping and promoting the most deprived sectorsin a responsible manner and in the framework of along-term vision.The development of liberal economic and capitalistforces worldwide has enabled growth in new regions.Thus, for example, the transition to capitalism hasenabled China to triple the size of its economy. Globaltrade now accounts for 30% of all trade in the world, upfrom 18%.Noteworthy, two thirds of the contemporary globaleconomy is based on ideas and intellectual capital,rather than on physical assets. The government shoulddevelop a strategy to enable the citizens to participate inthe growing economy. It should create the conditions foranchoring opportunity itself as an asset and property ofeconomic significance in a similar manner to theincorporation of intellectual property into law.24

G o v e r n a n c e C l u s t e rPrivatelegislationhas beenproposed toanchor theposition of theNSC, whichwill reshapedecisionmakingprocesses inthe field ofnationalsecurityDecision-Making on National Security………………………………………………..The discussion on national security decision-making inIsrael was conducted in continuation of previousdeliberations held over the years in the HerzliyaConference Series and several days prior to thepublication of the final report of the WinogradCommission on the Second Lebanon War (2006). Thediscussion was also held against the backdrop of anongoing debate in the Knesset Foreign Affairs andDefense Committee on legislative proposals pertainingto reforms in the National Security Council (NSC). Thislegislation might reshape Israel's national securitydecision-making processes.The decision-making process that led Israel to embarkon the Second Lebanon War serves as a negativeexample of performance at a time of crisis. Among theflaws that were cited, special attention was devoted tothe absence of viable alternative courses of action at thecritical stage of policy formulation. Choosing betweenalternative courses of action is a basic component inan effective process of decision-making – somethingthat did not take place prior to going to war in this case.Participants in the discussion concurred that clearobjectives were not defined for the war. One of theparticipants suggested three guiding principles fordecision- makers when discussing the initiation ofmilitary action, formulated as questions:• Is there a reason to go to war? That is, is there a“trigger”?• What should be achieved? What are the objectives ofthe war?• What are the attainable missions defined by thedecision-makers and guiding the military apparatus?Even after the Second Lebanon War, Israel still lackseffective mechanisms and well-structured anddefined working procedures to support seniordecision-makers. Orderly and serious staff work hasnot taken root in Israel, and the National SecurityCouncil – which is responsible for this type of staff work– has not been utilized effectively. Two legislativeproposals pertaining to the National Security Council areset before the Knesset: a private bill and a governmentsponsoredbill. It was argued that the government billwill perpetuate the status quo, in which the NSC hasno real impact on the decision-making process. Theprivate bill, on the other hand, seeks to anchor thestatus of the NSC and make it into a significant politicomilitarystaff organization that works alongside the primeminister. Emphasis was placed on the need toinstitutionalize orderly processes for briefing andinforming elected decision-makers upon entering theirnew positions. This is intended to equip them withsufficient information about the background to, anddevelopments in, the principal policy arenas. A leaderlacking basic knowledge and experience in the fields ofdiplomacy and security cannot be expected to dealeffectively with a national security crisis.This principle applies not only to the electedofficeholders, but also to the advisors and staff who aresupposed to assist and support decision-makers. It wasargued that it is not enough to rely on the personalexcellence of advisors and other personnel. Rather, it isvital to establish staff procedures and mechanismsthat facilitate effective decision-making processesto also facilitate the development and integratedexamination of policy alternatives and theirramifications.Nevertheless, and while the participants agreed on theimportance of effective decision-making, even the mostwell-structured processes of decision-makingcannot substitute leadership and statesmanship.The Status of the Supreme Court andCorruption in the Political System………………………………………………..Discussions and survey findings underscored that thepublic’s confidence in government institutions inIsrael has been further eroded, and that this isespecially salient in gauging the public’s confidence inthe Supreme Court. The discussion regarding theproposed reform to the justice system, including theappointment procedures of judges, is being conductedunder the influence of fierce disagreements between theminister of justice and the Supreme Court.Several factors are cited as contributing to the erosion ofthe Supreme Court’s standing in the eyes of the Israelipublic:• Free access to the Supreme Court – “everyone canPublicconfidence inthe SupremeCourt hasbeenconsiderablyeroded25

There is agrowing needfordeterminedaction againstcorruptionpetition”;• Excessive intervention by the Supreme Court ingovernment activity;• The behavior of the minister of justice – while there isagreement on some of the reforms the minister seeksto implement, there are reservations about his attitudeand practice.The former president of the Supreme Court, JusticeAharon Barak (retired), warned against politicizingthe appointment of judges. He expressed concernabout the extent of the changes already made withoutprior professional deliberation or public debate andnoted three outcomes of these changes:• An overturning of several major legal achievements,including the institution of key principles such asreasonableness, proportionality, standing andjustifiability;• Fierce and ongoing political attacks on the SupremeCourt and its president;• Significant harm to the quality and independence ofjudges.The former president of the Supreme Court called uponthe Knesset to complete a constitution for Israel thatguarantees human rights, equality, respect for theindividual, and that protects the standing andindependence of the Supreme Court and its president.The leaders of the three branches of government,together with all elected officials, must act to defuse theacute tension currently surrounding the Supreme Court.This tension has led to a continuous devaluation of thecourt’s standing and an erosion of the public’sconfidence in the justice system in general.The war against corruption has become critical forpreserving democracy and the rule of law in Israeland for its stability. The data indicating the lowstanding of government institutions in the eyes of thegeneral public reflects the severe blow corruption hasdealt to the foundation of trust between the citizenand the state. Despite growing awareness of the depthof the problem, including among elected officials, casesof violation of integrity, breaches of confidence andexploitation of public resources are still common inIsrael.The state comptroller emphasized the significance ofpersonal responsibility, which includes the possibilityof imposing sanctions on public employees if they act inviolation of the law. Personal responsibility is a deterrentand contributes to proper and legal administration. Thelarger the failure, the greater the personal responsibilityof the public employee should be.The phenomena discussed are severe anddisturbing, and it is doubtful that adequatemeasures are being taken to reverse thesenegatives trends.Jewish-Arab Integration, Equality andNational Civilian Service………………………………………………..The rise in ethnocentrism among Israel’s Jewishand Arab citizens is continuing. In light of this trend, ithas become urgent to initiate comprehensive actionto reduce disparities and alleviate tensions betweenJews and Arabs.A review of data, research and studies conducted overthe past decade points to growing polarization betweenArabs and Jews in Israel. The Abraham Fundpresented empirical data illustrating this trend, whichincludes a decline in the level of support among theJewish public for granting political equality to Arabsand including Arab political parties in thegovernment coalition. Only 22% of the Jewish publicsupported granting political equality in 2007, comparedto 45% in the year 2000.The widening of disparities is not only explained byfamiliar national arguments, but also in the feelings ofmutual fear between Jews and Arabs:• Jews fear a growing threat to their personal securityand a change in the state’s identity;• Arabs fear population transfer (disguised as landswaps) and the strengthening of the state’s Jewishidentity.PolarizationbetweenJews andArabs inIsrael isgrowingThe state comptroller warned against the scope ofcorruption and cited three guiding principles for actionagainst it:• Real-time oversight – conducting inspection andreview as the events are occurring and not only inretrospect;• The principle of transparency – and, as a byproduct,publishing the names of those under review,while protecting their rights;• Taking personal responsibility – the demand forpersonal consequences in cases that the liable officialis at the top of the pyramid, or close to it.Two approaches were presented for defining the originof this problem. The growing disparity derives from:• The Israeli-Palestinian conflict;• Ongoing discrimination, non-allocation of resources,and unequal rights.It was noted that when Israeli governments haveinvested in narrowing disparities and allocatingresources for development in the Arab sector, theArab society has responded positively. It was alsonoted that the Arab sector is diverse, with variousgroups and divergent views, including a group that is26

Expressionsof racismexpose theneed forbroad actionto boostJewish-Arabequalityunlikely to be affected by policies aimed at reducingdiscrimination.The way in which the conflict in Northern Ireland wasaddressed could inspire developing methods that havepositive impact on the fabric of relations between hostilegroups. Several examples were presented to illustratethe central objectives of government policy aimed atbridging gaps between the rival groups in NorthernIreland:• Building a prosperous and decent society with adynamic economy;• Waging a battle against racism;• Power-sharing between the rival groups at the highestlevels of government;• Publication of an inter-ministerial plan of action.It was emphasized that the examples are notnecessarily a prescription for action that precisely fits theArab-Israeli case, but that it is possible to draw ideasfrom it for developing policy in Israel. It was claimedthat expressions of racism and separatism appearas early among three year-old children due to theinfluence of the environment in which a child lives. Thereis, therefore, a need to change the outlook of adultcitizens and institute appropriate changes in theeducation system. A significant insight is that in order toachieve the required results, comprehensive change isneeded, with persistent activity in a range of areas,as part of a process that continues over time.Among the participants in the discussion, which includedboth Arabs and Jews, there was agreement in regard ofthe existence of expressions of racism in Israel. Thisis a central problem that requires comprehensive and indepthtreatment. It was argued that Arab citizens inIsrael are excluded from the general public discourse,except in negative security contexts, and that thisexclusion contributes to polarization. Thus, for example,the cultural discourse in Israel ignores the Arab cultureand population. The Arab public and its affairs do notreceive real expression in television broadcasts (forexample in news broadcasts).A primary conclusion, though not a new one, is that realequality between the citizens of the state has to beestablished. This applies to a range of areas: theallocation of resources, suitable representation, closinggaps in education, solving problems of poverty(particularly among the Bedouins), and so on. Thisrequires the investment of resources, and it was arguedthat budgetary considerations are secondary in mattersinvolving basic rights.The Office of the Prime Minister has presented anapproach that is somewhat different from the familiarformula. Instead of defining equality as “narrowingdisparities”, it was redefined as “integration andpartnership on the path to equality”. However, it wasargued that in order to attain the desired integration, aneffort must be made to narrow disparities. It seems thatthe correct path is a combination of these twoapproaches. The government should pursue policiesthat increase the equality between Arab and Jewishcitizens. It should also take additional steps anddevelop new initiatives in this relation, recognizing thatdiscrimination and deprivation are not in the interestof Israel.National Civilian ServiceA possible framework for bridging gaps, in particularbetween Jews and Arabs, could be national civilianservice, which is now coordinated by the NationalCivilian Service Authority in the Office of the PrimeMinister. The National Civilian Service Administrationwas established following the recommendations of theIvri Committee, which presented a comprehensivereport on the subject, later translated into an officialgovernment resolution. According to this decision, theoption of national civilian service should be graduallyexpanded to include all citizens of Israel who do notserve in the defense forces, while maintaining priorityand precedence for military service in the framework ofthe Israeli Defense Forces (IDF). As noted, thisframework is open to both Jews and members ofminority groups. Since the establishment of the newauthority, the number of Arabs volunteering for nationalcivilian service has doubled and they serve in institutionsof education, social welfare and health.Nevertheless, the integration of Arab citizens throughnational civilian service is far from self-evident, and ithas encountered strong opposition from dominantsegments of the Arab leadership in Israel, including theHigher Monitoring Committee. The opposing Arabview states that:• Service and contribution to the community shoulddepend on the existence of real equality. It wasargued that the Arabs cannot be expected tocontribute to the community if they are not treatedequally in that community (as an example, thediscrimination in land allocation was cited);• The national civilian service project is anotherexpression of the attitude that views the Arab citizenin Israel as a “security object”. (It was noted, amongother things, that the project administration isheadquartered in the Office of the Prime Minister,which is also responsible for security organizations).The findings of an opinion survey conducted among theArab public just prior to the 2008 Herzliya Conferenceshed additional light on the arguments of opponents tonational civilian service. The results of the surveyindicate concern among Arabs that voluntary service:• Will turn into compulsory service;• Will accelerate the “Israelization” process and blurArab national identity;Nationalcivilianservice couldprovide aframework fornarrowinggaps betweenArabs andJews27

• Will lead to acceptance of the state’s Zionist Jewishcharacter;• Is contrary to the aspirations of Arabs for nonterritorialautonomy.As an alternative framework, one participant proposedthat volunteers could operate under the auspices ofArab local authorities, with priority given to the needsof the Arab community.In contrast to the Arab leadership's formal position,an alternative Arab-Israeli position supports nationalcivilian service arguing that national service should beconsidered as one of the rights granted to the Arabcitizens of Israel. Moreover, national civilian servicecould even lead to reducing discrimination over time.The question of civilian service reflects dilemmas in theidentity of Arab citizens of Israel: whether to adopt aseparatist approach or an approach of participation andintegration in society.Despite the Arab leadership’s strong position on thismatter, 75% of young Arab Israeli citizens supportnational civilian service. A dominant factor in supportfor national civilian service among Arab citizens is thepersonal benefit they would receive, similar to those ofarmy veterans. Other encouraging factors includeassistance in admission to universities, and anawareness that it would contribute to the promotion ofequality between Jews and Arabs. Young Arabs whooppose national civilian service cite nationalist reasonsand argue that the service would not promote equality.The survey shows that most young Arabs decide onthis question on a personal/family basis. The surveyreveals a rift between the position of the Arab public atlarge and the position of its leadership. Apparently, theArab leadership, which is not associated with officialinstitutions, opposes national civilian service because itdoes not legitimize Israel as a Jewish and democraticstate. Most of the Israeli Arab population however, seemto recognize the reality of Israel as such, andconsequently, many young Arabs are in favor of nationalcivilian service.It is apparent, however, that there is a low level ofawareness among young Arabs regarding nationalcivilian service. This can, perhaps, be attributed the factthat it is a new project. The government should work toincrease the awareness and exposure of the voluntaryservice track within the framework of national civilianservice, emphasizing the personal benefits of thisservice and its advantages for the Arab community.28

J e w i s h P e o p l e C l u s t e rThe gapbetweenIsraeli andDiasporaJewrycontinues towidenTrends and Challenges in Relationsbetween Israel and Diaspora Jewry………………………………………………..Diaspora Jewry is an important strategic componentin Israel’s foreign relations with many countries of theworld, and ongoing dialogue should be conductedwith Jewish communities on complex issuespertaining to Israel’s present and future. Israel mustwork towards strengthening its connection with DiasporaJewry and partnering to achieve common goals.In this relation, current trends characterizing Israel-Diaspora relations are worrying. Diaspora Jewry andJews living in Israel continue to grow apart. There isconsensus that this trend requires urgent attentionbecause a weak affiliation and connection betweenJews in Israel and Diaspora Jewry would have adverseconsequences for Israel’s national interests, and theworld Jewry would face existential problems.Israel’s place and standing on the agenda of DiasporaJewry has become less important. The perception ofIsrael as a Jewish nation-state is gradually beingreplaced by a more multicultural perspective, developedin the context of international academic discourse.Positive images that were associated with Israel in thepast, such as the kibbutz or making the desert bloom,are fading. Israel was seen in the past as a refuge forpersecuted Jews, but this image is no longer relevant inthe contemporary geo-political reality. On the contrary,there are even Jews who claim that Israel’s actionsengender anti-Semitism and that the Israeli-Palestinianconflict fans Islamic fanaticism. The data on inter-faithmarriages, assimilation and the extinction of Diasporacommunities are very troubling and indicate anexistential danger for Diaspora Jewry.• Israel must see itself as a partner in solving theproblems of Diaspora Jewry and not treat it as if itwas an instrument in the service of the State of Israel;• Israel may need to abandon ideas about the Diasporathat, while relevant in the past, have less relevancetoday – for example, the idea that world Jewryregards Israel as the center of the Jewish nation;• Israel should consult Diaspora Jewry on Israelinational affairs, such as the question of Jerusalem;• Israel should reconsider its strong attachment itspolicy of aliyah, which some see as outdated. Thereality of contemporary aliyah is characterized by itspartial nature, with Jews residing in Israel during onlypart of the year, and spending the rest of the time inother countries. This phenomenon requires Israel toreexamine residency status laws and the taxationsystem;• The history of the Jewish people should be includedin the program of studies in Israel. Many students inIsrael and parts of the elite and civil service have onlyrudimentary knowledge about the history of theJewish people;• It is important to strengthen the perception ofJerusalem as the capital of Jewish culture, and notonly as the political capital of the State of Israel;• Responsibility for the connection with Diaspora Jewryshould not only be the purview of the Ministry ofForeign Affairs. It is recommended to establish adedicated ministry for relations with the Diaspora andto upgrade the role of the Jewish Agency for Israel.These recommendations, together with projects such asTaglit (Birthright-Israel) and MASA, lay a foundation forcoping with demographic change. 3 Taglit and MASA areprojects that focus more on the individual than oncommunities. This year, about 40,000 Jews from aroundthe world came to Israel under the auspices of the Taglitprogram. The MASA program will bring 10,000 Jewseach year to live in Israel for a period of one year.A new modelof aliyah toIsrael hasevolved,involving parttimeresidence inIsraelYoung Diaspora Jews increasingly identify with the non-Jewish environment they live in, and more and moreJews are moving to neighborhoods, which by majorityare non-Jewish. Young people born after 1974 tend todraw and shape their knowledge about Israel based onwhat appears in the media. As a result, they are likely todistance themselves from the State of Israel.The experience gained through the Taglit programshows that:• Young Jews want to be connected with Israel and aretaking a greater interest in what is happening inIsrael;• Person-to-person encounters are the key to theproject’s success;Thus, a dramatic change and the adoption of a newparadigm for Israel – Diaspora relations is necessary:3 Taglit-Birthright Israel provides first time, peer group, educationaltrips to Israel for Jewish young adults ages 18 to 26 free of charge.MASA is a program that enables thousands of Jewish youth tospend a semester or a year in Israel in any of over 160 programs.29

Philanthropyis a channelthrough whichpersonal anddirectconnectionscan develop• The combination of study and emotional experienceprovided by the project is very important for the youngpeople who participate;• Institutions in Diaspora communities are not able toprovide the connection and sense of communitycreated by projects like Taglit.From these findings, it can be concluded that moreattention and resources should be given to programsthat help to strengthen the connection of youngpeople in Diaspora Jewish communities to Israel.Jewish Philanthropy……………………………………………......Philanthropy is an important tool for strengthening theconnection between Diaspora Jewry and Israel. Jewishphilanthropy has expanded of late. Jewishphilanthropists seek to be more directly involved in theareas and initiatives to which they contribute, and theirdonations are not only perceived as a financialcommitment, but as a framework within which aconnection can develop through visits and direct humancontact. Israel must design its relations to donorsaccordingly.A norm of philanthropy is also developing in Israelisociety – prominent examples include initiatives such asOr Yarok, a non-profit organization to encourage safedriving, and Shahaf Communities, an organization thatassists at-risk young people. These activities yield social“dividends” that can be measured. In addition, aphenomenon of volunteering has developed in Israelamong young people who have completed their militaryservice. These young people work in the social andgeographic periphery, in education and social services.Identity and Judaism in the Modern Era………………………………………………..Secular Jewish culture developed during the 18 thcentury, but did not develop into an identifiablemovement in the same way as other strands ofcontemporary Judaism (orthodox, conservative, liberal,reform, etc). Nevertheless, most of the Jews living inIsrael and the Diaspora define themselves as secular.Those who view themselves as belonging to a secularJewish worldview believe that the categorization ofJudaism as a religion is not accurate, and note that thereligion is only one of the aspects of Judaism.It is difficult to objectively define the components ofsecular Jewish identity. One position was that thesecular viewpoint sees Jews as a pluralistic peoplewhose identity is rooted in traditions of discussion,argument, doubt and critical discourse. Anotherapproach argues that secular Jewish identity is basedon nationalism, religion, culture, ethics, sensitivity toinjustice, humanism and openness to other cultures. Itwas emphasized in the discussion that the view ofJudaism as a culture is not anti-religious. It entails ageneral tendency of people who see themselves asbelonging to the Jewish people in a way that goesbeyond observance of the religion’s commandments.In Israel, Jewish identity is defined using the Orthodoxreligious framework. There are power struggles andsuspicion regarding this subject, particularly in regard ofthe extent of independence that individuals are accordedin defining what “Jewish” means for them. As aconsequence, there is a great deal of animosity towardsthe power of the religious institutions in Israel.The polarization in Israel in regard of Jewish identity– ranging from a rejection of secularity and opposition toa liberal-democratic dialogue, on the one hand, to ahyper-secularity that completely rejects Jewish religiousidentity, on the other – is a threat to the future of theJewish people. It would serve Israel to adopt a morepluralistic and encompassing approach towardsJudaism.30

C o n f e r e n c e P r o g r a mSunday, January 20 thKnesset, JerusalemMorning SessionsAssessing National Security – The Annual UpdateOpening Remarks–"Tests of Endurance"Prof. Uzi Arad, Director, Institute for Policy and Strategy, IDC Herzliya; Chair, Herzliya ConferenceThe Balance of Israel's National Security – The "Herzliya Indices" in Israel’s 60th YearChair: MK Tzachi Hanegbi, Chairman, Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense CommitteeProf. Amir Barnea, Founding Dean, Arison School of Business, IDC HerzliyaMs. Leah Achdut, Van-Leer Jerusalem InstituteProf. Gabriel Ben-Dor, Head of the School of Political Sciences, University of HaifaMr. Gideon Grinstein, Founder and President, Re’ut InstituteDiscussionMaj. Gen. Ido Nechushtan, Head of Plans and Policy Directorate, IDFMr. Joseph (Tommy) Lapid, Chairman, Yad Vashem CouncilThe Patriotism Survey in Israel’s 60th YearChair: Prof. Michael Oren, Senior Fellow, Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies, Shalem CenterProf. Ephraim Yaar, Head of the Program in Mediation and Conflict Resolution, Tel Aviv UniversityAdv. Dalia Rabin, Chair, Yitzhak Rabin Center for Israel StudiesBrig. Gen. Eli Shermeister, Chief Education & Youth Officer, IDFMK Brig. Gen. (res.) Effie Eitam, Member, Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense CommitteeMK Avshalom (Abu) Vilan, Member, Knesset State Control CommitteeMK Gilad Erdan, Chairman, Knesset Economic Affairs Committee and Member of the Lobby for JerusalemAfternoon SessionsKey Issues on the National AgendaBeyond Bali: Climate Change and National SecurityIntroduction: Mr. Effi Stenzler, Chairman of the Board, Jewish National FundProf. Dan Yakir, Head of the Department of Environmental Sciences & Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of ScienceDr. Shlomit Paz, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of HaifaMK Ophir Pines-Paz, Chairman, Knesset Internal Affairs and Environment CommitteeDiscussionIntroduction: Adv. Shraga BiranProf. Bjørn Lomborg, Director, Copenhagen Consensus CenterThe Winograd Commission and National Security Decision-MakingChair: MK Amb. Colette Avital, Deputy Speaker of the KnessetDr. Kori Schake, Deputy Director of Policy Planning, US Department of State; US Military Academy at West PointAdv. Dan Meridor, Former Minister of Justice and Minister of Finance; Former Chair, Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense CommitteeMaj. Gen. (res.) Uzi Dayan, Former National Security AdvisorMK Gideon Sa’ar, Former Secretary to the GovernmentDiscussionJustice Micha Lindenstrauss, State Comptroller and OmbudsmanThe Heart of the Matter: Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel and the Jewish PeopleChair: MK Yuli Edelstein, Deputy Speaker of the KnessetAmb. Dr. Oded Eran, Israel Representative, World Jewish CongressMs. Ora Achimeir, Director, Jerusalem Institute for Israel StudiesDr. Eilat Mazar, Institute of Archeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Senior Fellow, Shalem CenterDr. Zvi Zameret, Director, Yad Ben-ZviProf. Zeev Segal, Tel Aviv UniversityDiscussion31

Opening Ceremony and DinnerOpening Address:Mrs. Dalia Itzik, Speaker of the KnessetAddresses:Mr. Shimon Peres, President of the State of IsraelLt. Gen. Gabi Ashkenazi, Chief of General Staff, IDFGreetings:Prof. Uriel Reichman, Founding President, IDC HerzliyaMr. Natan Sharansky, Chairman, Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies, Shalem Center; Former Deputy Prime MinisterModerator:Prof. Uzi Arad, Director, Institute for Policy and Strategy, IDC Herzliya; Chair, Herzliya ConferenceMusical Interlude:The Camerata Jerusalem Orchestra – Conductor: Avner BironMonday, January 21 stDaniel Hotel, HerzliyaINTERNATIONAL HERZLIYA ROUNDTABLE: Deterrence in a Poly-Nuclear Middle East (by invitation only)Morning SessionsNational, Economic, and Social Challenges in the Global EraThe "Herzliya Accord" – Prioritizing Israel's Social Needs and ProgramsIntroduction: Mr. Zvi Ziv, CEO, Bank HapoalimPresentation of the "Herzliya Accord" findings- Dr. Karnit Flug, Director, Research Department, Bank of IsraelPanel Members: Prof. Manuel Trachtenberg, Mr. David Brodet, Dr. Daniel Gottlieb, Prof. Rafi Melnick (Academic Coordinator), Mr.Sever Plotzker, Dr. Yaacov SheininAdvisors: Prof. Dov Chernichovsky, Mr. Kobi Haber, Dr. Miriam (Miki) HaranMs. Naama Elefant, Herzliya Youth Forum DelegateMK Prof. Avishay Braverman, Member, Knesset Finance CommitteeMr. Zeev Boim, Minister of Housing and ConstructionDiscussionMr. Eliyahu Yishai, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Industry, Trade, and LaborEngines for Growth: Energizing the Israeli EconomyChair: Adv. Dror Strum, Director, Israeli Center for Economic PlanningMr. Yossi Hollander, Chairman, Israeli Center for Economic PlanningProf. Zvi Eckstein, Deputy Governor, Bank of Israel; Eitan Berglas School of Economics, Tel-Aviv UniversityDr. Yacov Sheinin, CEO, Economic ModelsMr. Shaul Tsemach, Director General, Ministry of TourismDiscussionDiscussant: Mr. Eli Gonen, President, Israel Hotel AssociationThe Era of Creative OpportunityChair: Adv. Shraga BiranIntroduction: Mr. Robert Rechnitz, Principal, Bomel CompaniesMK Benjamin Netanyahu, Leader of the Opposition; Former Prime MinisterProf. Bjørn Lomborg, Director, Copenhagen Consensus CenterMr. Simon Rosenberg, President, NDNDiscussionProf. Stanley Fischer, Governor, Bank of IsraelLunch SessionChair: Prof. Uzi AradPresident José María Aznar, Former Prime Minister of Spain; President of FAES FundaciónSecretary William Cohen, Chairman and CEO, Cohen Group; Former US Secretary of DefenseAfternoon SessionsGlobal Economic Trends and ProcessesChair: Prof. Jacob Frenkel, Former Governor of the Bank of Israel; Chairman, Group of Thirty (G-30); Vice Chairman, AmericanInternational Group (AIG)Mr. Thomas Donohue, President and CEO, US Chamber of CommerceDr. Péter Medgyessy, Former Prime Minister of HungaryMr. Ben J. Wattenberg, Senior Fellow, American Enterprise Institute32

Energy Security and Policies – National and International ContextsIntroduction: Mr. Robert McNally, Managing Director, Tudor Investment CorporationMs. Ann Eggington, Head of Division for Europe, Middle East and Africa, International Energy AgencyMaj. Gen. (res.) Oren Shachor, Chairman and President, Eilat-Ashkelon Pipeline CompanyMr. Binyamin (Fuad) Ben Eliezer, Minister of National InfrastructuresForeign Policy Challenges Against the Backdrop of Regional DevelopmentsArab-Israeli Negotiations – Forecasts for the RegionChair: Maj. Gen. (res.) Amos Gilead, Director, Political-Military Bureau, Ministry of DefenseProf. Martin Kramer, Senior Fellow, Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies, Shalem CenterProf. Gideon Biger, Department of Geography and Human Environment, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Lee Smith, Visiting Fellow, Hudson InstituteDiscussionDinnerIntroduction: Ms. Shula Bahat, Associate Executive Director, American Jewish CommitteeLt. Gen. (res.) Ehud Barak, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense; Former Prime MinisterMr. Maxime Verhagen, Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Netherlands“NIGHT OWLS”The Challenge of Radical IslamIn cooperation with the Atlantic Forum of IsraelChair: Dr. Boaz Ganor, Deputy Dean, Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy, IDC HerzliyaMr. Edward (Ted) M. Gistaro, US National Intelligence Officer for Transnational ThreatsMs. Judith Miller, Adjunct Fellow, Manhattan Institute for Policy ResearchDr. Uzi Landau, Former Minister for Internal Security; Research Fellow, International Institute for Counter-Terrorism, IDC HerzliyaMr. Steven Emerson, Executive Director, Investigative Project on TerrorismDr. Peter Ackerman, Chair, International Center on Nonviolent ConflictTuesday, January 22 ndDaniel Hotel, HerzliyaMorning SessionsNegotiating the Final Status AgreementIntroduction: Amb. Zalman Shoval, Chairman of the Board, Institute for Policy and Strategy, IDC HerzliyaAmb. Robert Serry, United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and Envoy of the Secretary-General to theQuartet – A message from the UN Secretary General to the Herzliya ConferenceLt. Gen. (res.) Moshe Ya’alon, Senior Fellow, Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies, Shalem CenterAmb. Prof. Daniel Kurtzer, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton UniversitySir Ronald Cohen, Chairman, Portland TrustProf. Irwin Cotler, Member of Parliament, CanadaProf. Stephen D. Krasner, Department of Political Science, Stanford UniversityAmb. Robert Serry, United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace ProcessDiscussionThe Atlantic Alliance and the Broader Middle East: American and European ApproachesIntroduction: Mr. Hermann Bünz, Director, Representative in Israel, Friedrich Ebert StiftungMr. Peter Flory, NATO Assistant Secretary General for Defense InvestmentAmb. Dr. Robert Hunter, President, Atlantic Treaty Association; Senior Advisor, RAND CorporationDr. Josef Joffe, Publisher and Editor, Die ZeitCol. (res.) Dr. Eran Lerman, Director, Israel and Middle East Office, American Jewish CommitteeDr. Israel Elad-Altman, Senior Research Fellow, Atlantic Forum of Israel; Institute for Policy and Strategy, IDC HerzliyaDiscussionLunch SessionFrom the Outside, Looking In: International Perspectives on the Middle EastChair: Mr. Natan Sharansky, Chairman, Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies, Shalem Center; Former Deputy Prime MinisterMr. Franco Frattini, Vice President, Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security, European CommissionProf. Li Zhaoxing, Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, People’s Republic of ChinaDr. David Wurmser, Executive Member, Delphi Global Analysis Group & Former Senior Advisor for Middle East and Strategic Affairs toUS Vice PresidentPresentation of the Herzl Awards to Maj. Gen. (res.) Amos Horev, CEO, Israel Technion Societyby Brig. Gen. (res.) Pinchas Barel-Buchris, Director-General, Ministry of Defense33

Afternoon SessionsThe Iranian Nuclear ThreatAssessing Iran's Nuclear Intentions and CapabilitiesChair: Adv. Aaron Abramovitch, Director-General, Ministry of Foreign AffairsAmb. John Bolton, Former US Ambassador to the United NationsDr. Kori Schake, Deputy Director of Policy Planning, US Department of StateDr. Jon B. Alterman, Director, Middle East Program, Center for Strategic and International StudiesMK Dr. Yuval Steinitz, Member and Former Chairman, Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense CommitteeDiscussionCan a Nuclear Iran be Prevented?Chair: MK Maj. Gen. (res.) Prof. Isaac Ben-Israel, Member, Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense CommitteeMr. Norman Podhoretz, Editor-at-Large, Commentary MagazineDr. Patrick Cronin, Director, Institute for National Strategic StudiesProf. François Heisbourg, Chairman, International Institute for Strategic Studies (France)MK Brig. Gen. Dr. Ephraim Sneh, Member, Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense CommitteeDiscussionCan a Nuclear Iran be Deterred?Chair: Prof. Alex Mintz, Dean, Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy, IDC HerzliyaMaj. Gen. (res.) Matan Vilnai, Deputy Minister of DefenseDr. Adir Pridor, Head of the Institute for Industrial MathematicsDr. Jerrold Post, Director, Political Psychology Program, George Washington UniversityDr. Shmuel Bar, Director of Studies, Institute for Policy and Strategy, IDC HerzliyaDr. Oded Brosh, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Policy and Strategy, IDC HerzliyaDiscussionLt. Gen. (res.) Shaul Mofaz, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Transportation and Road Safety; in charge of Strategic DialoguesDinnerIntroduction: Prof. Herbert London, President, Hudson InstituteMs. Tzipi Livni, Vice Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign AffairsMr. Carl Bildt, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Former Prime Minister of SwedenPresentation of the Herzl Awards byMr. Lester Crown, President, Henry Crown & Co.Recipient: Mr. Robert H. Asher, Chairman, Society for Excellence through Education“NIGHT OWLS”Upgrading Israel’s Relations with the Atlantic CommunityIn cooperation with the Atlantic Forum of IsraelChair: Amb. Michael Žantovský, Ambassador of the Czech Republic to Israel and NATO Contact Point AmbassadorAmb. Dan Gillerman, Permanent Representative of Israel to the United NationsMr. Rafael L. Bardají, Director, International Studies, FAES FundaciónMr. Tommy Steiner, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Policy and Strategy, IDC Herzliya; Atlantic Forum of IsraelMr. Matthew Mark Horn, National Policy Director, American Jewish CongressWednesday, January 23 rdDaniel Hotel, HerzliyaINTERNATIONAL HERZLIYA ROUNDTABLE: The Sunni-Shiite Rift – Origins and Strategic Implications (By invitation only)Morning SessionsThe Next 60 Years: Goals and Directions for Israel and the Jewish PeoplePromoting Excellence as a National ValueIntroduction: Mr. Robert H. Asher, Chairman, Society for Excellence through EducationProf. Jehuda Reinharz, President, Brandeis UniversityMr. Tony Danker, McKinsey & Company’s Global Education PracticeMr. Hezki Arieli, Director-General, Society for Excellence through EducationMr. Miki Kesary, Director, Center for Excellence EnhancementMr. Martin Kraar, President, Society for Excellence through Education – USAProf. Daniel Zajfman, President, Weizmann Institute for ScienceConclusions: Mr. Lester Crown, President, Henry Crown & Co.34

Reforming Education and Higher LearningChair: Prof. Amnon Rubinstein, Former President, IDC Herzliya; Former Minister of EducationProf. Yuli Tamir, Minister of EducationProf. Menachem Yaari, President, Israel Academy of Sciences and HumanitiesDr. Shimshon Shoshani, CEO, Birthright-israel; Former Director-General Director of the Ministry of EducationProf. Zeev Tadmor, Chairman of the Board, Shmuel Ne'eman Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of TechnologyMK Limor Livnat, Former Minister of EducationProf. Zvi Galil, President, Tel Aviv UniversityArab Israelis and National ServiceChair: Maj. Gen. (res.) David Ivry, President, Boeing IsraelDr. Reuven Gal, Prime Minister's OfficeDr. Hanna Swaid, Member, Knesset's Economic Affairs CommitteeProf. Sammy Smooha, Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of HaifaMr. Nabil Ouda, Writer and JournalistDiscussionAfternoon SessionsIsrael-Diaspora RelationsProf. Yehezkel Dror, Founding President, Jewish People Policy Planning InstituteJewish Secularism in the 21st CenturyChair: Prof. Gabriel Motzkin, Director, Van Leer Jerusalem InstituteProf. Yehuda Bauer, Academic Advisor, International Institute for Holocaust Research, Yad VashemProf. Menachem Brinker, Department of Jewish Thought, Hebrew University of JerusalemProf. Shmuel Feiner, Department of Jewish History, Bar-Ilan UniversityDiscussionIntroduction: Mr. Felix PosenMr. Amos Oz, WriterTrends in the Connection of the Diaspora's Young Generation to IsraelIntroduction: Mr. Gideon Mark, Birthright-israelMr. Isaac Herzog, Minister of the Diaspora, Society, and Fight against Anti-SemitismProf. Leonard Saxe, Director, Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies, Brandeis UniversityMK Prof. Menahem Ben-Sasson, Chair, Knesset Constitution, Law and Justice CommitteeDiscussionRethinking Jewish Philanthropy – Interrelations between Israel and the DiasporaIntroduction: Mr. Zeev Bielski, Chairman of the Executive, Jewish Agency for Israel and World Zionist OrganizationDr. John Ruskay, Executive Vice President and CEO, UJA-Federation of New YorkMr. Avi Naor, Chairman, “Or Yarok” – Association for Safer Driving in Israel; Member of the Executive, Jewish Agency for IsraelDiscussionGovernment Responsibility for Jewish-Arab Equality and IntegrationChair: MK Nadia Hilou, Chairperson, Knesset Committee on the Rights of the ChildIntroduction: Mr. Amnon Be'eri-Sulitzeanu, Executive Director, Abraham Fund Initiatives, IsraelMr. Muhammad Darawsha, Director, External Relations, Abraham Fund Initiatives, IsraelMr. Drew Haire, Head of the Community Relations Unit at the Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister, Northern IrelandProf. Shimon Shamir, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Jafar Farah, Director, Mossawa CenterDiscussionMr. Raanan Dinur, Director-General, Prime Minister's OfficeLaw, Governance, and National SecurityJustice Prof. Aharon Barak, Former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; Radzyner School of Law, IDC HerzliyaSumming Up: Endurance ForeverProf. Uzi Arad ,Director, Institute for Policy and Strategy, IDC Herzliya; Chair, Herzliya ConferenceClosing Ceremony and DinnerChair: Prof. Uriel Reichman, Founding President, IDC HerzliyaAmb. Ronald S. Lauder, President, World Jewish Congress“Herzliya Address" – Mr. Ehud Olmert, Prime MinisterProf. Uzi Arad ,Director, Institute for Policy and Strategy, IDC Herzliya; Chair, Herzliya Conference35

P a r t n e r i n g I n s t i t u t i o n sThe Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) HerzliyaThe Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, was founded in 1994 by renowned Israeli scholar Prof. Uriel Reichman. Modeledafter Ivy League schools in the United States, IDC Herzliya is a private, non-profit entity which takes no government subsidies,allowing for full academic freedom. The Center is dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in research and education whilst aimingto create an Israeli university where personal achievement goes hand-in-hand with social responsibility.IDC Herzliya's student body consists of some 4,200 Bachelor & Master degree students who study at the Center's seveninternationally recognized schools: the Radzyner School of Law; the Arison School of Business, the Efi Arazi School ofComputer Science, the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy, the Sammy Ofer School of Communications,the New School of Psychology and the Raphael Recanati International School. IDC Herzliya is also home to some ten researchcenters.Its faculty consists of lecturers who studied in some of the best schools around the world and Israel. Their goal is to trainIsrael’s leaders of the future, as well as nurture business, political, technological and judicial leadership of the highest caliber.The Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and StrategyThe Lauder School was founded in 1999 by Amb. Ronald S. Lauder, and headed by the late Prof. Ehud Sprinzak. Theschool was modeled after the foremost international Schools of Government and based on the recognition of the needs ofgovernment, administration and the private sector in the modern era. Its goal is to prepare a future leadership for the State ofIsrael by providing students with the skills to develop political, administrative and social aspects of governmental systems. Awide range of research activities is conducted by institutes under the auspices of the Lauder School, which is headed by theDean, Prof. Alex Mintz. Students from around the world study in the Lauder School of Government's International Program,which focuses on topics of Security and the Middle East and is taught by Israel’s leading academic experts and professionals.The Institute for Policy and StrategyThe Institute for Policy and Strategy (IPS), was founded and headed by Prof. Uzi Arad in 2000. The Institute is part of theLauder School of Government at the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya. Its primary objective is to engage in researchactivities which contribute to Israel’s national policy and to the upgrading of its strategic decision-making process. The range ofIPS projects encompasses a variety of issues crucial to Israel including national security and strategy, foreign policy,intelligence, the Jewish people, economics, science and technology, welfare, social policy and education.IPS conducts research on a broad analytical scope, concentrating on identifying emerging issues and trends. It also invests inimproving analysis and in innovative methodologies. IPS is characterized by its variety of disciplines and inputs, and itsinterdisciplinary, integrative, comprehensive and future-oriented approach.IPS cultivates close working relations with governments, active public institutions, think tanks and research institutes around theworld. It convenes meetings with experts and holds seminars and debates. The annual Herzliya Conference on the Balance ofIsrael’s National Security is the flagship of IPS activities.The Chairman of the Institute’s Board of Directors is Amb. Zalman Shoval. The members of the Board of Directors are: Prof.Amir Barnea, Prof. Moshe Barniv, Mr. Avraham Bigger, Maj. Gen. (res.) Ilan Biran, Mr. Yossi Hollander, Prof. Alex Mintz, Prof.Uriel Reichman, Dr. Mordechai Segal, Maj. Gen. (res.) Shlomo Yanai.The Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies, Shalem CenterThe Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies at the Shalem Center in Jerusalem is an academic and research institute founded byits Chairman Natan Sharansky in 2007, that develops, articulates and builds support for the strategic principles needed toaddress the challenges currently facing Israel and the West. Israel, as the only democracy in this region surrounded bytotalitarian governments, is on the cutting edge of the challenges and dangers confronting Western civilization everywhere. Aspart of this overall effort, the Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies seeks to explore how the advancement of freedom,democracy, and human rights can be marshaled as an effective measure to secure and strengthen international stability andsecurity. The Adelson Institute also seeks to examine international law in light of the new forms of asymmetric warfare andterror; the establishment of credible deterrence against guerilla and terror organizations and the states that sponsor them; theappropriate response to weapons of mass destruction; and the strengthening of Israel's relations with its strategic allies.36

C o n f e r e n c e S t a f fChairman of the Herzliya Conference; Director and Founder of the Institute for Policy and StrategyProf. Uzi AradIPS StaffCol. (res.) Michael AltarMr. Alexander BirgerMr. Idan LeviMr. Yoav PoratMr. Tommy SteinerMs. Yael AmitDr. Oded BroshMs. Rebecca LeichtMs. Amanda RingMs. Ilana TalDr. Israel Elad-AltmanMs. Moria CohenMs. Dana LiramMs. Ariel RodalMr. Ronen TsachorMr. Michael AvniMs. Rachel DoronMs. Rachel MachtigerMs. Shirley SalzmanMr. Goor TsalalyachinMr. Shmuel BacharMs. Nirit GilMr. Ezequiel MamanAdv. Marcelle JullietMs. Maya TobiasDr. Shmuel BarMs. Lili GreenfeldMs. Skye MontgomeryShaul-SheimanMs. Eden ToremMr. Haim Ben-AmiMs. Odelia KarmonAdv. Yaniv OfekMs. Maya SionMs. Michal WienerMs. Ronit BentovMr. Eli KornblittMr. Shahar PelegMr. Ori SlonimIDC StaffMs. Maggie GutmanMs. Elis MazkeretPublic Relations:Mr. Doron KarniMs. Yael ZabarMs. Fanny GalperinMs. Orly ShakedMs. Shiri Av-ZugMs. Shani RossMs. Yona ZimmermanMs. Bilha HochmanMr. Guy TrutiakMs. Shlomit GurMr. Jeremy RudenAdelson institute for strategic studies StaffMs. Vera GolobinskyMr. Roman PolonskyThe Zionist Council StaffMs. Fanny YacobMr. Nisim MazuzInternsMr. Omri AkunisMs. Elinor EmergyMs. Michal LahadMr. David PerlMr. Elad UzanMr. Bret AllanMs. Odelia EnglanderMs. Karin MalikMs. Rachel PezzloMr. Yaron WagmanMr. Barak AvrahamMr. Daniel FrankelMr. Amir MazarMs. Adina PitluckMs. Yael WennerMr. Asaf BecharMr. Ilan GhitelmanMr. Guy MazorMs. Dana RaisierMs. Ayala YarkoniMr. Daniel CohenMr. Daniel GindisMs. Ran MichaelisMs. Nuphar SchwartzMr. Yossi YehudayanMr. Zach CutlerMs. Shoham HarushMr. Maor ParenteMr. Amir SherMs. Miriam ZemelmanMs. Sara DavidovitsMs. Natali KlingerMs. Noa Pe'erMs. Natasha ShineMr. Ari DubinMr. Daniel KushnerMr. Avishai PeretzMs. Yael Tali HassonProductionHappyCourseMedia ConsultantsArad Communications37

C o n f e r e n c e P a r t i c i p a n t sInternational ParticipantsMr. Kenneth Abramowitz, Managing General Partner, NGN CapitalMrs. Nira AbramowitzDr. Peter Ackerman, Founding Chair, International Center on NonviolentConflict, Washington DCMr. Fabrice Aidan, Special Assistant to the UN Special EnvoyDr. Jon B. Alterman, Director and Senior Fellow, Middle East Program,CSISMr. Paul Amir, CEO, Amir Development CompanyMrs. Herta Amir, Amir Development CompanyMr. Robert H. Asher, Chairman of the Board, Society for Excellence throughEducationMrs. Mary Jane AsherMs. Francoise Attal, Personal Assistant, EU Special Representative to theMiddle East Peace ProcessPresident José Mariá Aznar, Former Prime Minister of Spain and Presidentof FAESMs. Shula Bahat, Associate Executive Director, American JewishCommitteeDr. Mitchell Bard, Executive Director, American-Israeli CooperativeEnterpriseMr. Rafael Bardají, Director of International Studies, FAES FundacionMr. Richard Bardenstein, Managing Director of Israel Operations, AccessMiddle EastMs. Annika Ben David, Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of SwedenMs. Orly Benny-Davis, Political Advisor, PomegranateMr. Pierre Besnainou, Former President, European Jewish CongressDr. Peter Berkowitz, Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford UniversityMr. Scott Berrie, Vice President, Russell Berrie FoundationH.E. Carl Bildt, Foreign Minister of SwedenMr. Dai Bing, Counsellor, Chinese Foreign MinistryMr. Joern Boehme, Director, Heinrich Boell FoundationMr. Michael Bohnen, President, Adelson Family Charitable FoundationAmb. John Bolton, Former US Ambassador to the United Nations; SeniorFellow, American Enterprise InstituteMr. David Borowich, Senior Vice President, RAI GroupMr. Nissan BouryMr. Eric Brown, Research Fellow, Hudson InstituteH.E. Elisabet Borsiin Bonnier, Swedish Ambassador to IsraelMr. Henry Mendelssohn Buhl, Founder, A.C.E. Programs for the HomelessMr. Hermann Bünz, Director, Representative in Israel, Friedrich EbertStiftungMs. Meagan Buren, Communications and Outreach Manager, The IsraelProjectH.E. Jean-Michel Casa, Ambassador of French to IsraelMs. Colleen Carroll, RaytheonProf. Mikhail Chlenov, Secretary General, Euro-Asian Jewish CongressH.E. Ramiro Cibrian Uzal Head of the European Union Delegation to IsraelMs. Janet Langhart Cohen, President, Langhart CommunicationsMr. David Cohen, Chairman, REIT Property Management IndiaMr. Eric Cohen, Executive Director, Tikvah FundMr. William Cohen, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Cohen Group;Former US Secretary of DefenceSir Ronald Cohen, Chairman, Portland Capital & Portland TrustMr. Ephraim A. Cohen, Cultural Attaché, Embassy of the United States ofAmericaMr. Bruce Cole, Vice Chairman, Morgan Stern Merchant BankMs. Nanette Cole, Attorney and Beverly Hills CommissionerHon. Irwin Cotler, Member of Parliament and Former Minister of Justice,CanadaMr. Gerald Cramer, Co-Founder and Chair, Cramer Rosenthal & McGlynnMrs. Dafna CramerDr. Patrick M. Cronin, Director, Institute for National Strategic StudiesMr. Lester Crown, Chairman, Henry Crown and CompanyMr. David Cukierman, President, IntelAdvisors GroupMs. Cela CukiermanMr. Roger Cukierman, Hon. President, CRIFMr. Jonathan CummingsMr. Tony Danker, McKinsey & Company's Global Education PracticeMr. Robert Dann, Chief Political Affairs Officer, UNSCOMr. Herve de Carmoy, European Deputy Chairman, Trilateral CommissionMr. Pieter de Gooijer, Director-General of Political Affairs, Ministry ofForeign Affairs of the NetherlandsMr. Gilbert Desroches, NATOMr. Carmi Djiji, A-1 Investments LLCMr. Thomas Donohue, President and CEO, US Chambers of CommerceH.E. Milan Dubcek, Ambassador of Slovakia to IsraelDr. Ann Eggington, Head of Division for Europe, Middle East and Africa,International Energy AgencyMr. Steven Emerson, Executive Director, the Investigative Project onTerrorismH.E. Per-Mikael Engberg, Ambassador of Finland to IsraelMs. Nadine Epstein, Executive Publisher and Editor, Moment MagazineMr. Hershell Ezrin, CEO, CIJA-Canadian Council for Israel and JewishAdvocacyMr. Jonathan Faull, Director General of DG Justice, Liberty and Security,European CommissionDr. Marvin C. Feuer, Director of Policy and Government Affairs, AIPACMs. Debra Feuer, Counsel for Special Projects, Office of American andInternational Affairs, AJCMr. Peter Fischer, Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of GermanyDr. Cheryl Fishbein, PsychologistMs. Erica Fishbein, Jewish Service CorpsMs. Lorna Fitzsimons, Chief Executive Officer, BICOMMr. Peter Flory, Assistant Secretary General for Defense Investment, NATOH.E. Michael Finian Forbes, Irish Ambassador to IsraelDr. Hillel Fradkin, Senior Fellow, Hudson InstituteH.E. Franco Frattini, Vice President of the European Commission forJustice, Freedom, and SecurityMr. Troels Froling, Secretary General, Atlantic Treaty AssociationMr. Ralf Fuecks, President, Heinrich Boll StiftungMr. Greg Galligan, Political Section, Canadian EmbassyMs. Nadine Gerson, Management ConsultantMs. Lela Gilbert, Adjunct Fellow, Hudson InstituteMr. Jakob Hans Ginsburg, Sonderkorrespondent, Ressort Politik undWeltwirtschaft38

Mr. Ted M. Gistaro, National Intelligence Officer for Transnational Threats,US National Intelligence CouncilMr. Mark Goldberg, Founder, Unite Israel FoundationMr. Neil Goldstein, Executive Director, American Jewish CongressMs. Talia Gorodess, Research Associate, Hudson InstituteMr. Stephen Greenwald, President, American Association of JewishLawyers and JuristsMr. Michael GrossMr. Bernard Groveman, Senior Managing Director, First Manhattan Co.Mr. Bob Guzzardi, Jewish Federation of Greater PhiladelphiaH.E. Dr. Andras Gyenge, Ambassador of Hungary to IsraelMr. Drew Haire, Head of Community Relations Unit, Office of the FirstMinister and Deputy First Minister, Northern IrelandMr. Stephen Handler, Chairman, FundelaMrs. Nechame HandlerMr. Ed Hanlon, President, Raytheon International Inc., EuropeMrs. Bonnie HanlonMr. Georges Hazan, Special Delegate - Foreign Affairs, CRIFMr. Gary Heiman, President and CEO, Standard TextileProf. Francois Heisbourg, Chairman, International Institute for StrategicStudiesMr. Roger Hertog, Vice Chairman, Alliance Capital ManagementCorporationMr. Matthew Mark Horn, National Policy Director, American JewishCongressAmb. Dr. Robert Hunter, President, Atlantic Treaty Association; SeniorAdvisor, RAND CorporationMr. Edward Iosiper, Ambassador of Romania to IsraelMr. Mark Isakowitz, President, Fierce, Isakowitz, and BlalockMr. Robert G. James, President, Enterprise Asset ManagementMr. James L. Jamerson, Vice President for Business Development, MiddleEast/Africa, Lockheed CorporationMr. Meir Javedanfar, Director, Meepas (Middle East Economics andPolitical Analysis)Mr. Jianhua Jiang, Deputy Director-General, Chinese Foreign MinistryDr. Josef Joffe, Publisher-Editor, Die ZeitMr. Samuel Kaminsky, Consultant, Rhoads GroupMrs. Phyllis Kaminsky, Principal, Kaminsky AssociatesMs. Esther Kandel, ekonnectionsMr. Stephen S. Kaplan, Vice Chairman, US National Intelligence CouncilH.E. Harald Kindermann, Ambassador of Germany to IsraelMr. Serge Klugman, President Adviser, CRIFMr. Laszlo Koranyi, Embassy of HungryMr. Andrew C. Koss, Counselor for Public Affairs, Embassy of the UnitedStates of AmericaMr. Levente Kozma, Foreign Political Advisor to Former Prime MinisterPeter Medgyessy, HungaryMr. Martin Kraar, President, Society for Excellence through Education-USARabbi Douglas E. Krantz, Congregation B'nai Yisrael of ArmonkProf. Stephen D. Krasner, Department of Political Science, StanfordUniversityMr. & Mrs. Harvey Krueger, Vice Chairman, Lehman Brothers, Inc.Amb. Dr. Daniel C. Kurtzer, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton UniversityMrs. Sheila KurtzerMr. Davide La Cecilia, Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of ItalyH.E. James Larsen, Ambassador of Australia to IsraelAmb. Ronald Lauder, President, World Jewish CongressMr. Nathan Laufer, Israel Director of Strategic Research, Tikvah FundMr. Yong-BIn Lee, Researcher, National Assembly of ROKMr. Howard Leibman, Chief of Staff to the Hon. Prof. Irwin Cotler, Memberof the Canadian ParliamentMr. Anthony Leon, Former Leader of the Democratic Alliance Party, SouthAfricaMrs. Michal LeonAmb. Igor Leshchenya, Ambassador of Belarus to IsraelMrs. Gylette Levy-HeisbourgMs. Tao Li, Embassy of ChinaH.E. Jakken Biorn Lian, Ambassador of Norway to IsraelMs. Talia Lidar, Israel Representative, Jewish Federation of GreaterPhiladelphiaMs. Francine Lipstein, Jewish Federation of Greater PhiladelphiaMs. Junyi LiuProf. Bjørn Lomborg, Director Copenhagen Consensus CenterDr. Herbert London, President, Hudson InstituteMrs. Vicki LondonMr. Jing Lu, Counsellor, Chinese EmbassyH.E. Agnieszka Magdziak-Miszewska, Ambassador of the Republic ofPoland to IsraelMs. Sara Malmgren, Press Secretary to the Minister, Foreign Ministry ofSwedenMr. Richard Marceau, Senior Government Advisor, Canada-IsraelCommitteeMs. Anna Mark-Jungkvist, Desk Officer; Department for North Africa andthe Middle East, Foreign Ministry of SwedenMr. Marvin Markowitz, President and CEO, Lenmar CompaniesMr. and Mrs. Toshio and Mariko Masuda, Commentator, Writer,International Economist, Masuda U.S. Research Center LLCMr. Kuninori Matsuda, Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of Japan in IsraelRabbi Levi Y Matusof, Director of Public Affairs, Rabbinical Center ofEuropeMr. Robert McNally, Managing Director, Tudor Investment CorporationH.E. Peter Medgyessy, Former Prime Minister of HungaryMr. John Miller, Director of International Business Development, RaytheonMs. Judith Miller, Adjunct Fellow, Manhattan Institute for Policy ResearchH.E. Eudaldo Mirapeix Martinez, Ambassador of Spain to IsraelMs. Maureen Miskovic, Chief Operating Officer, Eurasia GroupAmb. Atilio Molteni, Ambassador of Argentina to IsraelMs. Dana Moss, Senior Fellow for Middle Eastern Studies, TransatlanticInstituteMr. Joel Mowbray, ColumnistDr. Ronny Naftaniel, Director, Centrum Informatie en Documentatie IsraelMr. Jeremy Newmark, Director, Jewish Leadership CouncilMs. Karin Olofsdotter, Deputy Director-General, Director of the ForeignMinister's Office, Foreign Ministry of SwedenAmb. Marc Otte, EU Special Representative to the Middle East PeaceProcess, Council of the European UnionMr. Ben Overlander, Head of Media, BICOMMr. Jonathan Paris, Adjunct Fellow, Hudson InstituteMr. Richard Pater, Head of Public Affairs, BICOMProf. Joan Peters, HistorianH.E Tom Phillips CMG, Ambassador of the United Kingdom to IsraelDr. Leanne Piggott, Deputy Director, Centre for International SecurityStudies, University of SydneyMr. Ross PerroneMr. Tomas Pojar, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Czech RepublicMr. Daniel Posen, Managing Director, Posen FoundationMr. Felix Posen, Founder and President, Posen Foundation39

Dr. Jerrold Post, Director, Political Psychology Program, GeorgeWashington UniversityDr. Richard Prasquier, President, CRIFMr. Carlo Presenti, Head of Cabinet, VP Franco FrattiniMme. Xiaomei QinDr. Samantha Ravich, Office of the US Vice PresidentMr. Robert Rechnitz, Deputy Chairman, American Friends of LikudMs. Cynthia Reich, Private InvestorProf. Jehuda Reinharz, President, Brandeis UniversityMr. Paul Revay, European Director, Trilateral CommissionMs. Rena Riger, CEO, Exclusively IsraelMrs. Lili RochenMr. Berel Rodal, Vice-Chair, International Center on Nonviolent ConflictMrs. Alti Rodal, HistorianMr. Simon Rosenberg, Founder and President, New Democratic NetworkMr. Gary Rosenblatt, Editor, The Jewish WeekMs. Nina Rosenwald, Co-Chair of the Board, American Securities HoldingCorporationMr. Adam Rosner, Graduate Fellow, Shalem CenterMs. Ingrid Ross, Project Assistant, FES IsraelMs. Laura Rozen, National Security Correspondent, Washington MonthlyDr. Alisa Rubin Kurshan, Vice President, UJA-Federation of New YorkDr. John S. Ruskay, Executive Vice President and CEO, UJA Federation ofNew YorkMr. Sergei Rychenko, Political Counsellor, Embassy of BelarusProf. Leonard Saxe, Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies, BrandeisUniversityDr. Kori Schake, Principal Deputy Director, Office of Policy Planning, USDepartment of StateMr. Phil Schatten, President, RAI Credit LLCMr. Uwe Schmalz, First Secretary, Embassy of Germany, Tel AvivMrs. Monika Kirgoz Schmutz, Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy ofSwitzerlandMr. Michael Schneider, Secretary General, World Jewish CongressMr. Steven SchneierMr. Danny Sebright, Associate Vice President, The Cohen GroupMr. David Seckler, Embassy of the United StateMr. Robert H. Serry, United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle EastPeace ProcessMs. Shannon Shibata, Israel Director, Standwithus.comMr. Tatsuya Shigenaga, Embassy of JapanMr. Edwin Shuker, Vice Chairman, World Sephardic CongressMr. Marc Sievers, Political Counsellor, Embassy of the United StatesMr. Barry Silverman, Society for Excellence through EducationMrs. Judy Silverman, Society for Excellence through EducationProf. S. Fred Singer, Professor Emeritus, University of VirginiaMr. Alan Slifka, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Abraham FundInitiativesMr. Charles Small, Director, Yale Initiative for Interdisciplinary Study of Anti-SemitismMr. Lee Smith, Fellow, Hudson InstituteMr. Ron Soffer, AttorneyDr. Sass Somekh, President, Novellus Systems Inc.Mrs. Eta SomekhMr. Jeffrey Sorenson, Executive Director, Cohen GroupH.E. Boris Sovic, Ambassador of Slovenia to IsraelMs. Felicia Steingard, Executive Director, American Friends of IDC HerzliyaMr. Philip Stephens, Associate Editor, Financial TimesMr. & Mrs. Steven and Bonnie Stern, Chairman, Braver, Stern SecuritiesCorp.Ms. Marilyn Stern, Jewish Federation of Greater PhiladelphiaMr. Howard Sumka, Director, U.S. Agency for International DevelopmentUSAID - West Bank & GazaMr. Michael Swingley, Senior Director Business Development, GeneralDynamics Ordnance and Tactical SystemsH.E. Namik Tan, Ambassador of Turkey to IsraelMr. Ralph Tarraf, Deputy Head of the Policy Planning Unit, Federal Ministryof Foreign Affairs of GermanyAmb. Peter Tejler, Head of Dept. for North Africa and the Middle East,Foreign Ministry of SwedenMs. Dorothy TananbaumMr. Owen Traylor, Counselor, Embassy of Great BritainMrs. Henriette Van Lynden, Director of the Africa and Middle EastDepartment, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the NetherlandsMr. Levente Varga, Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of HungaryH.E. Maxime Verhagen, Minister of Foreign Affairs, the NetherlandsMrs. Petra VerschuereMr. Marcel Vink, Personal Assistant to the Foreign Minister of theNetherlandsMr. Peter Vrooman, Deputy Political Counselor, Embassy of the UnitedStateMs. Erica Weinberg, Head of Research, BICOMMs. Anne Walter, Public Affairs Specialist, Embassy of the United StatesMr. Ben Wattenberg, Senior Fellow, American Enterprise InstituteMr. Cai Weiming, First Secretary, Chinese EmbassyMr. William Weinstein, Counselor for Economic Affairs, Embassy of theUnited StatesMr. Chen Weiqing, Director, Chinese Foreign MinistryMr. Morris Willner, Jewish Federation of Greater PhiladelphiaMrs. Dana Wolfe, Executive Director, Rosenkranz FoundationMr. Tuly Wultz, Co-founder, Daniel Cantor Wultz FoundationDr. David Wurmser, Founding Member, Delphi Global AnalysisDr. Meyrav Wurmser, Director, Center for Middle East Policy, HudsonInstituteMr. & Mrs. Bernard & Miryam Yenkin, Chairman, Yenkin MajesticMr. Morad Zamir, President, Mount of Olives TreasuresH.E. Michael Žantovský, Ambassador of the Czech Republic to IsraelH.E. Li Zhaoxing, Former Minister of Foreign Affairs of ChinaH.E. Jun Zhao, Ambassador of China to IsraelMr. Micha Ziprkowski40

Israeli ParticipantsAdv. Liat Aaronson, Director, Zell Entrepreneurship Program, IDCHerzliyaDr. Gad Abecassis, Senior Deputy Director-General forAdministration and Human Resources, Ministry of EducationProf. Eli Abramov, Deputy Director General, Nuclear ResearchCenter Negev (NRCN)Adv. Aharon Abramovitch, Director General, Ministry of ForeignAffairsMr. Yosef Israel Abramowitz, President, Arava Power CompanyProf. Oded Abramsky, Chairman, Israel National Council forResearch and DevelopmentDr. Thabet abu-Ras, Co-Director, New Horizon InstituteMs. Leah Achdut, Senior Research Fellow, Van-Leer InstituteLt. Gen.(ret.) Orit Adato, CEO, Adato Consulting Ltd.Mr. Gilad Adin, CEO, Channel 10 NewsMr. Nahum Admoni, Former Head of the MossadMs. Nina Admoni, Partner, N.N.A. Defence & Econ Ltd.Mr. Eran AgaiMs. Talia Aharoni, President & CEO, MaalaMr. Ido Aharoni, Media Advisor to the Minister of Foreign AffairsMs. Ora Ahimeir, Director, Jerusalem Institute for Israel StudiesMr. Yossi Ahimeir, Director General, Jabotinsky Institute in IsraelMr. Yaacov Ahimeir, Channel One, Israel Broadcasting AuthorityMr. Oren Ahronson, President & CEO, Siemens Israel Ltd.Mr. Ofir Akunis, Media Advisor to the Likud ChairmanMs. Galia Albin, President & CEO, Almedia Holdings Ltd.Mr. Simon Alfasi, Mayor of Yokneam IllitMr. Gal Alon, Adviser for Strategic Development, Prime Minister'sOfficeMr. Yair Aloni, Former Director General, Israel BroadcastingAuthorityMr. Yossi Alpher, Co-Editor, BitterlemonsCol. (res.) Michael Altar, Director of External Relations, Institute forPolicy and Strategy, IDC HerzliyaProf. Rachelle Alterman, Faculty of Architecture and TownPlanning, Technion - Israel Institute of TechnologyMr. Giora Amir, Former Director General, NRCN Israel AtomicEnergy CommissionMr. Yair Amitay, Managing Director, MATIMOP - Israeli IndustryCenter for Industrial R&DAdv. Nurit Amitay, Member of the Board, RAFAEL - AdvancedDefence Systems Ltd.Ms. Naomi Antebi, Head of Budget, Finance and Contracting Unit,Ministry of DefenseMr. Eyal Arad, President, Arad CommunicationsDr. Ruth Arad, Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer,Bank Leumi GroupProf. Uzi Arad, Director, Institute for Policy and Strategy, LauderSchool of Government, IDC HerzliyaMr. Gadi Arieli, Director-General, Likud FactionMr. Hezki Arieli, Director General, Society for Excellence throughEducationMr. Avi Armoza, Managing Partner, Kolnoa-VCProf. Ruth Arnon, Vice President, Israel Academy of Sciences andHumanitiesAdv. Jaime Aron, Advocate and Notary Jaime Aron & Co.Col. (res.) Asaad Asaad, Chairman, Druze Movement forUnderstanding and PeaceDr. Ephraim Asculai, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for NationalSecurity Studies, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Robert H. Asher, Chairman of the Board, Society for Excellencethrough EducationBrig. Gen. Avi Ashkenazi, Commander, Command & Staff College,IDFLt. Gen. Gabi Ashkenazi, Chief of the General Staff, IDFMK Amb. Colette Avital, Deputy Speaker of the KnessetMr. David Avner, CEO, Partner Communications Ltd.Dr. Shirley Avrami, Head, Research and Information Center,KnessetAmb. Daniel Ayalon, Co-Chairman, Nefesh B'NefeshProf. Faisal Azaiza, Head, Jewish - Arab Center, University of HaifaCol. (res.) Dr. Eitan Azani, Senior Researcher, InternationalInstitute for Counter-Terrorism, IDC HerzliyaRabbi Meir Azari, Beit DanielMr. Franck Azoulay, Missions Director, Canada-Israel CommitteeIsrael OfficeDr. Eytan Bachar, Chief Psychologist, Hadassah Medical CenterMr. Arik Bachar, Foreign News Editor, MaarivProf. Shlomo Back, President, Kaye Academic College ofEducationMr. Joseph Bahat, Chairman & CEO, Hertz IsraelBrig. Gen. Yossi Baidatz, Head of Research Division, IDFDr. Micha Bar, Senior Director for Planning and Strategic PolicyResearch, Israel Atomic Energy CommissionMr. Alon Bar, Chief of Staff to the Minister of Foreign AffairsDr. Shmuel Bar, Director of Studies, Institute for Policy andStrategy, IDC HerzliyaBrig. Gen. (res.) Avriel Bar-Joseph, Director, Knesset ForeignAffairs and Defense CommitteeMs. Hagit Bar-Lev, Former Member of the Board, CaesareaFoundationMs. Adina Bar-Shalom, Founder, President and Chair of theExecutive Committee Ultra-Orthodox College, JerusalemMr. Ptachia Bar-Shavit, Chief Economist Financial ImmunitiesProf. Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Head, Jerusalem Institute for IsraelStudiesLt. Gen. (res.) Ehud Barak, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister ofDefense; Former Prime MinisterJudge Prof Aharon Barak, Former Chief Justice of the SupremeCourt; Radzyner School of Law, IDC HerzliyaProf. Daphne Barak-Erez, Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. David Bareket, Vice President and Director General, Ben-Gurion UniversityBrig. Gen. (res.) Pinchas Barel-Buchris, Director General, Ministryof DefenseMs. Alona Barkat, Chairperson, BRM Institute of Technology andSocietyMr. Eli Barkat, Managing Partner, BRM CapitalMr. Nir Barkat, City Council Member, Municipality of JerusalemProf. Amir Barnea, Founding Dean, Arison School of Business, IDCHerzliyaMs. Tzippi Barnea, Associate Director, Israel and Middle EastOffice, American Jewish CommitteeAdv. Shlomit Barnea Farago, Legal Advisor, Prime Minister'sOfficeProf. Moshe Barniv, Provost and Vice President for Development,IDC Herzliya41

Mr. Meir Baron, Deputy Director-General, IBI Investments HouseMs. Rodika BartoMr. Itzhak Barzilay, Advisor, Ministry of DefenseDr. Gershon Baskin, CEO, IPCRIProf. Yehuda Bauer, Academic Advisor, Yad VashemMr. Alan BaumgartMs. Hanna Becher, Project Director, Department ofCommunications and Public Relations, Keren KayemetDr. Yoram Beck, Center for Humanities, Israel Arts and ScienceAcademyMr. Amnon Beer-Sulitzeanu, Executive Director, Abraham FundInitiatives - IsraelMr. David Beeri, City of David - Ancient JerusalemMr. Naaman Belkind, Former Advisor to the Minister of DefenseMr. Uri Ben-Zvi, Educational Director, Meitar - College of Judaismas CultureMr. Yossi Ben-Aharon, Former Director General, Prime Minister'sOfficeMr. Ido Ben- AmiMs. Rachel Ben-Ami, Chief Clinical Psychologist, YouthDepartment, Shalvata Medical CenterMr. Moshe Ben-Atar, Director General, Zionist Council, IDFMr. Calev Ben-David, Jerusalem PostMr. Lenni Ben-David, Strategic Advisor, Jerusalem Center forPublic AffairsProf. Gabriel Ben-Dor, Head, School of Political Sciences,University of HaifaMaj. Gen. (res.) Eitan Ben-Eliahu, President, Sentry TechnologyGroupMinister Binyamin Ben-Eliezer, Minister of National InfrastructuresDr. Ayelet Ben-Ezer, School of Law, IDC HerzliyaMs. Gila Ben-Har, CEO, Center for Educational Technology (CET)Dr. Yehuda Ben-Hur, Managing Director Davidson, Institute ofScience Education, Weizman Institute of ScienceMK Maj. Gen. (res.) Prof. Isaac Ben-Israel, Knesset Foreign Affairsand Defense CommitteeMr. Yoni Ben-Menachem, Radio Director, Israel BroadcastingAuthorityMr. Martin Ben-Moreh, Director General, Meitar - College ofJudaism as CultureMr. Oved Ben-Ozer, Director, Yetzu InvestmentsMK, Prof. Menahem Ben-Sasson, Chairman, Knesset Constitution,Law and Justice CommitteeDr. Yigal Ben-Shalom, Director General, National InsuranceInstitute of IsraelMaj. Gen. (res.) Abraham Ben-Shoshan, Director-General, Tel AvivFoundationMr. Hagai Ben-TzviMr. Eviathar Ben-Zedeff, Research Fellow International, Institutefor Counter- Terrorism, IDC HerzliyaBrig. Gen. Avi Benayahu, IDF SpokepersonCol. David Benjamin, International Law Department, MilitaryAdvocate General Corps, IDFProf. Yoav Benjamini, Department of Statistics, School ofMathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversityDr. Yael Benjamini, Head of International Risk Assessment, Private& International Banking Division, Bank Leumi GroupMr. Avraham Bendor, Former Head of the Israel Security AgencyMr. Aluf Benn, International and Political Correspondent, HaaretzMr. Naftali BennettDr. Anat Berko, Research Fellow International, Institute forCounter- Terrorism, IDC HerzliyaProf. Elazar Berkovitch, Dean, Arison School of Business, IDCHerzliyaDr. Dina Berniker, Acting Chairperson, Wolf Foundation; Member ofthe Board Bar-Ilan UniversityProf. Emeritus Michael Beyth, Former Chief Scient, GeologicalSurvey of IsraelMr. Zeev Bielski, Chairman of the Executive Jewish Agency forIsrael and the WZOProf. Gideon Biger, Department of Geography, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Avraham Bigger, President & CEO, Makhteshim AganIndustries Ltd.Mr. Oded Bino, Producer, Channel 2 NewsMaj. Gen. (res.) Ilan Biran, Chairman of the Board, RAFAEL -Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.Adv. Boaz Biran, Shraga F. Biran & Co., Law Office & NotariesAdv. Danny Biran, Chairman, Koor Trade International Ltd.Amb. Yoav Biran, Former Director-General, Ministry of ForeignAffairsAdv. Shraga Biran, Shraga F. Biran & Co., Law Office & NotariesMr. Yair Biton, Managing Director, B. YairMr. Yossi Biton, Managing Director, B. YairMs. Ruthie Blum, Jerusalem PostMs. Naomi Blumenthal, Former MK & Deputy MinisterDr. Yaakov BlumerMr. Shlomo Bohbot, Mayor Ma'alot TarshihaMr. Zeev Boim, Minister of Construction & HousingMr. Tzach Borovich, Gilad Government Relations & LobbyingMK Prof. Avishay Braverman, Knesset; Former President, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevMs. Orna Brener, Director, Agri Invest Ltd (Kamor)Col. (res.) Roni Brenner, General Manager, Del-Ta Systems LLPProf. Menachem Brinker, Israel Prize Laureate; Mandel Institute ofJewish Studies, Hebrew University of JerusalemMr. Evgeny Briskin, Head Center for Ukraine-Israel CooperationMr. David Brodet, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Ben-GurionUniversityMr. Mooli Brog, Director of Program Development, Evaluation andQuality Control, Taglit - Birthright israelBrig. Gen. (ret.) Shlomo Brom, Senior Research Associate andDirector, Program on Israel-Palestinian Relations, Institute forNational Security Studies, Tel Aviv UniversityMs. Yehudit Bronicki, President & CEO Ormat GroupDr. Oded Brosh, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Policy andStrategy, IDC HerzliyaMr. Eitan Broshi, Assistant to the Minister of Defense forSettlements, Infrastructure and Developmental Areas, Ministry ofDefenseMs. Karen Brunwasser, Director of Communications, ShalemCenterMr. Avi Bzura, General Manager, Jerusalem BankDr. Amos Carmel, Columnist Yedioth AharonotProf. Amnon Caspi, Director, Human Resource Research CenterGraduate School of Business Administration, Bar-Ilan UniversityAdv. Dvorah Chen, Dvorah Chen Law OfficesMs. Orly Chen-Eilon, The Abraham Fund InitiativesProf. Dov Chernichovsky, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-GurionUniversity of the NegevMs. Ruth Cheshin, President, Jerusalem FoundationMK Nadia Chilo, KnessetMr. David Chinn, Partner, McKinsey & Co. Israel42

Mr. Lior Chorev, Partner & Managing Director, AradCommunicationsDr. Shaul Chorev, Director-General, Israel Atomic EnergyCommissionCol. (res.) Avi Chudin, General Manager, Fisher Rif Ltd.Prof. Avner Cohen, Senior Researcher, CISSM, University ofMarylandAdv. Benny Cohen, Deputy Legal Advisor, Ministry of DefenseMr. Eldad Cohen, CMO Israel Postal AuthorityMr. Eliahu Cohen, CEO, IDB GroupMs. Etty Cohen, Coordinator, Film Council Ministry of CultureMinister Itzhak Cohen, Minister of Religious ServicesMr. Meir Cohen, Mayor of DimonaMs. Pascal CohenDr. Ra'anan Cohen, Chairman, Industrial Development BankMs. Rivi Cohen, Media Coordinator, Prime Minister's OfficeDr. Yoav Cohen, Director, National Institute for Testing & EvaluationMr. Amos Elad, Israel Area Director, Jewish Agency for IsraelDr. Shlomo Cohen, Dr. Shlomo Cohen & Co. Law OfficesMr. Tal Cohen, Future LeadersMr. Yossef CohenMs. Ariella CotlerMr. Yonatan CovrigaroAdv. Moty Cristal, CEO, Nest ConsultingMr. Edi Cukierman, Chairman, Cukierman Investment HouseMr. Omri Dagan, Analyst, Reut InstituteMr. Shaike Daliot-Blumberg, Chairman, Integrated ProjectsAmb. David Danieli, Deputy Director-General (Policy), Israel AtomicEnergy CommissionMr. Jacob Danon, Director, General Bank of IsraelMr. Mohammad Darawshe, Director of External Relations,Abraham Fund InitiativesMr. Yossi Dashti, Vice President, Business Development IntrotechMr. Eran Davidi, IDC HerzliyaMr. Jon Davis, Reut InstituteMr. Jonathan Davis, Head of the Raphael Recanati InternationalSchool & Vice President for External Relations, IDC HerzliyaCol. (res.) Yoav DayagiMr. Daniel Dayan, Chairman, Yesha CouncilMaj. Gen. (res.) Uzi Dayan, Head of Tafnit; Former NationalSecurity AdvisorBrig. Gen. Udi Dekel, Former Head, Strategic Planning Division,IDFProf. Sergio DellaPergola, Avraham Harman Institute ofContemporary Jewry, Hebrew University of JerusalemDr. Stefan Deutsch, Director, International Programs &Cooperation, Ministry of DefenseMr. Arie Dichtwald, Deputy Economic Advisor, Ministry of DefenseMr. Avi Dickstein, Director, Resources & Development Division,Keren Kayemet LeIsrael - Jewish National FundMr. Raanan Dinur, Director Genera,l Prime Minister's OfficeMr. Ido Dissentshik, Chairman, GlobecallAmb. Haim Divon, Deputy Director General, Head of MASHAV,Ministry of Foreign AffairsBrig. Gen. (res.) Rachel Dolev, Former IDF Chief CensorAdv. Avi DoronMr. Daniel Doron, Founder and Director, Israeli Center for Socialand Economic Progress (ICSEP)MK, Brig. Gen. (res.) Amira Dotan, Knesset Foreign Affairs andDefense CommitteeMr. Micky Drill, Project Manager, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung - IsraelMs. Iris Dror, Owner Representative, Managing Director, Language& Communication, Arison GroupProf. Yehezkel Dror, Department of Political Science, HebrewUniversity of Jerusalem; Founding President Jewish People PolicyPlanning Institute; Member of the Govermment Commission on theSecond Lebanon WarMs. Nitza Drori-Peremen, Editor, Alpayim - Magazine Am OvedPublishersMr. Raviv Druker, Political Analyst, Channel 10Prof. Zvi Eckstein, Deputy Governor, Bank of IsraelMs. Ronit Eckstein, Media Relations Director, Israel MilitaryIndutries LtdMK Yuli-Yoel Edelstein, Deputy Speaker of the KnessetMs. Paula Edelstein, Co-Chair, Aliyah and Klitah Committee,Jewish AgencyBrig. Gen. (res.) Uzi Eilam, Chairman of the Board, IMDA - IsraelMissile Defense AssociationMaj. Gen. (res.) Giora Eiland, Senior Research Fellow and Director,Program on IDF Force Structure Institute for National SecurityStudies, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Amos Eiran, Chairman, Tissera Inc.Prof. Zvi Eisikovits, School of Social Work, University of HaifaMK Brig. Gen. (res.) Efraim Eitam, Knesset Foreign Affairs andDefense CommitteeMinister Rafi Eitan, Minister for Pensioner AffairsCol. (res.) Moshe Elad, National Security Program Coordinator,Shmuel Neeman InstituteDr. Israel Elad-Altman, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Policyand Strategy, IDC HerzliyaMr. Elie Elalouf, General Director, Rashi FoundationCol. Ron Eldadi, Political-Military Bureau, Ministry of DefenseAmb. Yitzhak Eldan, Chief of Protocol, Ministry of Foreign AffairsMr. Adi Eldar, Chairman Union of Local Authorities and Mayor ofKarmielMs. Naama Elefant, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University ofJerusalemMr. Ovadia Eli, Chairman of the Board, Israeli Airports AuthorityMs. Iris Elia-Shaul, Head, Tenders, Information & Control Unit,Ministry of DefenseMs. Noa Eliasaf-Shoham, Vice President, Reut InstituteDr. Giora Eliraz, Truman Institute, Hebrew University of JerusalemMr. Uri Elitzur, Editor, Nekuda - Monthly JournalMK Zeev Elkin, Chairman, Knesset Subcommittee for theAbsorption of Immigrant Children and YouthDr. Efrat Elron, School of Business Administration, HebrewUniversity of JerusalemMr. Rafi Elul, CEO, ISRA ConsultantsAmb. Dr. Oded Eran, Israel Representative, World Jewish CongressMr. Tzvika Eran, CEO, MidotMK Gilad Erdan, Chairman, Knesset Economic Affairs CommitteeMr. Ram Erez, Senior Policy Assistant, Israel Atomic EnergyCommissionBrig. Gen. (res.) Oded Erez, Director, Fisher Institute for Air andSpace StrategyCol. (res.) Dr. Reuven Erlich (Neeman), Director, Intelligence andTerrorism Information Center Israel Intelligence Heritage andCommemoration CenterMs. Yochi Erlich, Editorial Coordinator and Deputy Editor, Journalof the Israeli Intelligence Heritage Commemoration CenterMr. Yona Etinger, Former Director, Israel Atomic EnergyCommission43

Mr. Yoram Ettinger, American-Israel Demographic Research Group(AIDRG)Mr. Jacob Even-Ezra, Director, Magal Security Systems, Ltd.Prof. Yair Evron, Principal Research Fellow, Institute for NationalSecurity Studies, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Eli Eyal, Editor, Kivunim ChadashimProf. Bat-Sheva Eylon, Department of Scientific Teaching,Weizmann Institute of ScienceAmb. Dr. Meir Ezri, Chairman, Ezri Center for Iran & Persian GulfStudiesMs. Roberta Fahn-Schoffman, President, Mindset Media andStrategy GroupMr. Jafar Farah, Director, MossawaMr. Michael I. Federmann, Chairman & CEO, FedermannEnterprisesMr. Ami Federmann, Vice Chairman, Dan Hotels Corporation LtdProf. Shmuel Feiner, Chair for the History of the Jews in Prussia,Bar-Ilan UniversityProf. Eliahu Feinerman, Dean, Faculty of Agricultural, Food andEnvironmental Quality Sciences, Hebrew University of JerusalemMr. Hanan Feinstein, Director, Music Department Israel Arts andScience AcademyMr. Avi Felder, Director-General, Israel Military Industries Ltd. AndChairman, Ashot Ashkelon Industries Ltd.Dr. Eliezer Feldman, Nadav FundMr. Avi Fischer, Deputy Chairman, IDB GroupProf. Stanley Fischer, Governor, Bank of IsraelMr. David Fisher, CEO, New Israeli Foundation for Cinema & TVDr. Eli Fisher, Chairman, Fisher Industries and PharmaceuticalsMs. Rachel Fishman, Operations Manager & Project Coordinator,The Israel ProjectMr. Gaby Fiszman, Chief of Staff to the Governor, Bank of IsraelMr. Amiram Fleisher, Fleisher Communications & Public RelationsLtdDr. Karnit Flug, Director, Research Department, Bank of IsraelMr. Shlomi Fogel, Chairman, AMPA Group.Prof. Jacob Frenkel, Vice Chairman, American International Group(AIG)Mr. Shmuel Frenkel, CEO & Chairman, Epsilon InvestmentAdv. Miriam (Miri) Frenkel-Shor, Legal Adviser, Knesset ForeignAffairs & Defense CommitteeMr. Asaf Friedman, Assistant to the Director, Knesset ForeignAffairs & Defense CommitteeMs. Esti Friedman, CEO, Clal Credit & FinanceDr. Hillel Frisch, Senior Lecturer, Department of Political Studies,Bar-Ilan UniversityMs. Orly Fromer, Spokesperson & Media Liaison, Tel AvivUniversityBrig. Gen. Maharan Frozenfar, Economic Advisor to the IDF Chiefof General Staff; Director, Budget & Finance Division, Ministry ofDefenseMr. David Fuhrer, Chairman, Neopharm GroupAmb. Zvi Gabay, Senior Advisor, Eilat-Ashkelon Pipe CompanyAdv. Eyal Gabbai, General Manager, Babcock & Brown (Israel)MK Eliyahu Gabbay, Member, Knesset Foreign Affairs & DefenseCommitteeMr. Abraham Gafni, Research Coordinator, Forestry Department,Keren Kayemet LeIsrael - Jewish National FundMr. Ady Gai, Member of the Executive and of the Board ofGovernors, Jewish Agency for IsraelDr. Reuven Gal, Head, Founding Team of the Authority for CivicService in Israel, Prime Minister's OfficeProf. Zvi Galil, President, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Nir Galili, CEO, New KopelProf. Amira Galin, Leon Recanati Graduate School of BusinessAdministration, Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv UniversityDr. Boaz Ganor, Director General, Institute for Counter Terrorism(ICT) & Deputy Dean, Lauder School of Government, IDC HerzliyaMr. David Gappell, Director, Schusterman Foundation - IsraelAdv. Alon Gellert, Head, Advisory Committee GovernmentCompanies AuthorityCol. (res.) Gideon Gera, Senior Researcher, Moshe Dayan Center,Tel Aviv UniversityMs. Phyllis Gerably, Managing Director, Israel Office Anti-Defamation LeagueMr. Martin Gerstel, Chairman of Board, CompugenMs. Shoshana Gerstel, Compugen Ltd.Ms. Noemie Geyre, WriterBrig. Gen. (res) Eival Gilady, Managing Director, Portland TrustIsraelMr. Motti GiladiMr. Avraham (Miko) Gilat, Chairman, Soltam GroupMs. Ayelet Gilat, Mikal GroupMaj. Gen. (res.) Amos Gilboa, Advisor on Intelligence & NationalSecurity Affairs, Intelligence Heritage and Commemoration Center;Lauder School of Government, IDC HerzliyaMaj. Gen. (res.) Amos Gilead, Director, Political-Military Bureau,Ministry of DefenseAmb. Dan Gillerman, Permanent Representative of Israel to theUnited NationsMr. Naor Gilon, Center for Policy Research, Ministry of ForeignAffairsMs. Rinat Gimpel, Finance Manager, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung -IsraelCol. (res.), Dr. Raanan Gissin, Media AdvisorDr. Shuki Gleitman, CEO, Platinum Ventures CapitalCol. (res.) Achiav Golan, Manager Defence & Video SurveillanceSolutionsDr. Moshe Goldberg, Head, R&T Base Unit, Ministry of DefenseMr. Araleh Goldfinger, Goldfinger CommunicationsMr. Uri Goldflam, Director, Raphael Recanati International SchoolIDC HerzliyaMs. Vera Golovensky, Director of Public Relations & ExternalAffairs, Adelson Institute for Strategic Studies, Shalem CenterAdv. Joel H. GolovenskyMr. Eli Gonen, President, Israel Hotel AssociationMr. Avraham Goren, Director of Publications, Keren KayemetLeIsrael - Jewish National FundMr. Nimrod Goren, Executive Director, Young Israeli Forum forCooperation (YIFC)Ms. Aliza Goren, General Director, Goren-Amir ConsultantsMr. Shmuel Goren, Director, Dankner GroupMs. Yael Goren-Wegman, Executive Director, Association ofFriends of the Weizmann Institute of ScienceDr. Daniel Gottlieb, Senior Adviser, Bank of IsraelMr. Shlomo Gradman, Chairman, High Tech CEO ForumMr. Oded Granot, Head, Middle East Desk Israel Television-Channel 1Mr. Zvi Gringold, Chairman of the Board, Polysack PlasticIndustries Ltd.Mr. Gidi Grinstein, Founder & President, Reut InstituteMr. Shlomo Grofman, Chairman, Faire FundProf. Joseph Gross, Chairman, GKH&BW Law Offices44

Adv. Zvia Gross, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Policy andStrategy, IDC HerzliyaMr. Danny Grossman, Israel Director, American Jewish CongressMr. Shlomo Gur, Director General, State Comptroller's OfficeMr. Yitzhak Gurevitz, Director General, Nuclear Research Center -NegevMr. Yehuda GurielMs. Tamar Guy, Executive Director, Israel-America Chamber ofCommerceMr. Eitan Haber, Columnist, Yedioth AharonotMr. Koby Haber, Budget Director, Ministry of FinanceProf. Jack Habib, Director, Myers-JDC Brookdale InstituteMr. Meir Habib, Vice President, CRIFMaj. Gen. Gershon Hacohen, Commander, IDF National SecurityCollegeSpokesperson Orit Hadad, Spokesperson, Keren Kayemet LeIsrael- Jewish National FundMs. Anat Hafif, Regional Coordinator, E2KMr. Danny Hakim, Azrieli GroupLt. Gen. (res.) Dan Haloutz, Former Chief of IDF General Staff;CEO, Kamur - BMW IsraelMr. Dan Halperin, Managing Director, IFTIC Ltd.Mr. Erez Hanan, Head, Meggido Regional CouncilMK Tzachi Hanegbi, Chairman, Knesset Foreign Affairs & DefenseCommitteeMr. Eli HaramDr. Miriam (Miki) Haran, Head, MBA Program in EnvironmentalManagement, Ono Academic CollegeMr. Itzhak Harari, Editor, Machshebot, IBMMr. Victor Harel, Inspector General, Ministry of Foreign AffairsMr. Israel Haral, Chairman, Institute for Zionist Strategies (IZS)Mr. Amos Harel, Military Correspondent, HaaretzCol. (res.) Aby Har-Even, Senior Research Associate, BESA Centerfor Strategic StudiesBrig. Gen. (res.) Elkana Harnof, Head of Intelligence, Bureau forCounter-Terrorism, National Security CouncilBrig. Gen. (res.) Deborah Hassid, CEO, AtidimMs. Ayala Hasson, Channel One, Israel Broadcasting AuthorityMK Yoel Hasson, Member of the Knesset, House CommitteeMs. Anita Haviv, Project Manager, Friedrich- Ebert- Stiftung IsraelMr. Alex Hefetz, General Manager Himanutah, Keren KayemetLeIsrael - Jewish National FundMs. Rama Hefetz, Human Resource Manager, Keren KayemetLeIsrael - Jewish National FundBrig. Gen. Shimon Hefetz, Aide-de-Camp to the President of IsraelPolice Commissioner (res.) Assaf Heffetz, Former InspectorGeneral of the Israel PoliceBrig. Gen. (res.), Dr. Ariel Heimann, General Manager Davidson,Institute of Science Education, Weizmann Institute of ScienceProf. David Herman, American Jewish CommitteeProf. Tamar Hermann, Dean, Academic Studies, Open University;Senior Research Fellow, Israel Democracy InstituteMr. David Hermesh, Former Chairman, Haifa Port AuthorityDr. Tsilla Hershco, BESA Center and Department of PoliticalStudies, Bar-Ilan UniversityMr. Arieh Herzog, Director, Homa Missile Defense Agency, Ministryof DefenseMinister Isaac Herzog, Minister of Social Affairs and Services;Minister of the Jewish Diaspora, Society and the fight against Anti-SemitismBrig. Gen. Michael Herzog, Chief of Staff to the Minister of DefenseMs. Ora Herzog, Former International President, Council for aBeautiful IsraelDr. Sivan Hirsch-Hoefler, School of Political Sciences, University ofHaifaProf. Meir Heth, Director, Teva Pharmaceutical IndustriesMr. Rony Hizkiyahu, Supervisor of Banks, Bank of IsraelMr. Alan Hoffmann, Director, Education Department Jewish Agencyfor IsraelMr. Yossi Hollander, Chairman, Israeli Institute for EconomicPlanningMr. Guy Holtzman, CEO, Israel Venture Capital Research CenterMr. Zeev Holtzman, Founder & Chairman, Giza Venture CapitalMaj. Gen. (res.) Amos Horev, Chair, Israel Technion SocietyMr. Koby Huberman, General Manager, Strategic Landscapes Ltd.Mr. Eli Hurvitz, Chairman of the Board, Teva PharmaceuticalIndustriesMs. Anat Icar-Shoham, Regional Coordinator, E2KMr. Rami Igra, CEO, Clal Health Hospital ServicesProf. Efraim Inbar, Director, BESA Center for Strategic Studies,Bar-Ilan UniversityMr. Tal Inbar, Senior Researcher, Fisher Institute for Air and SpaceStrategyMr. Pinhas Inbari, JournalistMr. Avraham Infeld, President, Chais FoundationMr. Haim Israel, Senior Director, Global Securities Research &Economics, Emerging Markets Research Merrill LynchDr. Yedidya Itzhaki, Member of the Academic Board, Meitar -College of Judaism as Culture; Bar-Ilan UniversityMK Dalia Itzik, Speaker of the KnessetMaj. Gen. (res.) David Ivry, President, Boeing IsraelMs. Irit Izakson, Director, Bank HapoalimAdv. Orni Izakson, Director, Bnei Izakson Investments; HonoraryConsul of NorwayMs. Raya Jaglom, Honorary President, WIZODr. Haia Jamshy, Vice President, Oran FoundationMr. Salim Yosif Jubran, Writer; Senior Lecturer Center forHumanistic Education, Ghetto Fighters HouseMs. Varda Kagan, Principal, Alliance SchoolMr. Dvir Kahana, City of David Ancient JerusalemMs. Amalia Kahana-Carmon, Writer; Israel Prize LaureateMr. Michael Kahanov, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Amir Kain, Director of Security of the Defense Establishment,Ministry of DefenseDr. Ephraim Kam, Deputy Director, Institute for National SecurityStudies, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Basem Kanane, Abraham Fund InitiativesMr. David Kapach, CEO & Head of Business Administration, DexiaIsrael Ltd.Mr. Alex Kaplan, Advisor and Head of Project Division, Ministry ofEnvironmental ProtectionMr. Carl H. Kaplan, Managing Director, KIEDF - Koret IsraelEconomic Development FundsMr. Israel (Izzy) Kaplan, Director, International OrganizationDepartment Ministry of FinanceDr. Zvi Kaplan, Director General, Israel Space Agency, Ministry ofScience, Culture and SportMs. Nili KarivDr. Ely Karmon, Senior Research Fellow, International PolicyInstitute for Counter-Terrorism, IDC HerzliyaDr. Yuval Karniel, Shibolet & Co. Advocates & NotariesMr. Benny Kashriel, Mayor of Maale-Adummim45

Mr. Ben Kaspit, Political Correspondent, MaarivMr. Oz KatzMr. Yaakov Katz, Jerusalem PostMr. Joseph Katzenelson, Internal Auditor, Defense Directorate forR&D Ministry of DefenseMs. Ori Katzin, Research Fellow, Meitar - College of Judaism asCultureDr. Mordechai Kedar, BESA Center for Strategic Studies and theDepartment of Arabic Studies, Bar-Ilan UniversityJudge Jacob Kedmi, Radzyner School of Law, IDC HerzliyaMs. Rivka KeisariCol. (res.) Michael Kesary, Director, Center for ExcellenceEnhancement, Society for Excellence through EducationMr. Israel (Izzy) KalmanMr. Avigdor Kelner, Chairman, Ordan GroupMr. Shamai Kenan, CEO, Shlomo CenterMr. Shimon Kenan, Assistant to the President, Eilat AshkelonPipeline CompanyMr. Michael Kenny, Managing Director, Eastronics LTD.Brig. Gen. (res.) Shmuel Keren, Director, Directorate for DefenseR&D Ministry of DefenseMr. Or Keshti, HaaretzMr. Rafi Kesten, Senior Vice President, NDSMr. Shalom Kital, Former Director-General, Channel 2 NewsBrig. Gen. (res.) Ron Kitrey, Principal, Hebrew Reali School, Haifa,IsraelDr. Dori Klagsbald,Mr. Shaul Kmisa, Mayor of Hatzor HaglilitMr. Michael Koch, Koch Architects LtdMr. Jonathan Kolodny, CEO, McKinsey & Co. IsraelMs. Ora Koren, Financial Journalist, HaaretzMs. Dorit Korenblum, Assistant to the Director of the Political-Military Division, Ministry of DefenseMr. Alex Kornhauser, Vice President, Flash Memory Group IntelElectronicsProf. Joseph Kostiner, Department of Middle Eastern and AfricanHistory, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Ilan Kowalsky, Athletics Director & Head Coach, IDC HerzliyaProf. Martin Kramer, Senior Fellow, Adelson Institute for StrategicStudies, Shalem CenterMr. Boris Krasny, President, Policy Ltd.Mr. Yitzchak Krichevsky, Member, Board of Directors, KerenKayemet LeIsrael - Jewish National FundAdv. Hezi Kugler, Director General, Ministry of NationalInfrastructuresMr. Sam KundaBrig. Gen. (res.) Yosef Kuperwasser, Former Head, Research &Assessment Division, IDF Military IntelligenceAdv. Dan LahatMaj. Gen. (Res) Shlomo Lahat, Council for Peace and SecurityAmb. Dr. Yehuda Lancry, Former Permanent Representative ofIsrael to the United NationsMr. Benny Landa, Founding Chairman, HP IndigoMr. David Landau, Editor in Chief, HaaretzMr. Edan Landau, CEO, Aqua DepotDr. Emily Landau, Senior Research Fellow and Director, ArmsControl and Regional Security Program, Institute for NationalSecurity Studies, Tel Aviv UniversityDr. Uzi Landau, Former Minister of Internal Security; SeniorResearch Fellow, International Institute for Counter-Terrorism, IDCHerzliyaMr. Yossi LandsmanMr. Shimon Lankri, Mayor of AccoBrig. Gen. (res.) Ephraim Lapid, Media Advisor & Former, IDFSpokesmanMr. Yossef Lapid, Chairman, Council of Yad VashemMaj. Gen. (res.) Amos Lapidot, Council for Peace and SecurityMr. Dov Lautman, Chairman, Lautman FundMs. Tovah Lazaroff, Jerusalem PostMr. Isi Leibler, Chairman of Diaspora Relations Jerusalem Centerfor Public AffairsAdv. Jonathan Leibler, CEO. Leibler InvestmentsMr. Menachem Leibovitz, Deputy Chairman, Keren KayemetLeIsrael - Jewish National FundMr. Zvi Leibushor, Managing Director, New Kopel InsuranceCompanyMr. Yechiel Leket, Chairman, Israel Council for Culture and ArtDr. Noam Lemelshtrich Latar, Dean, Sammy Ofer School ofCommunications IDC HerzliyaMr. Israel Lerman, I.L. ConsultingDr. Eran Lerman, Israel Director, American Jewish CommitteeMs. Shoshana Lerman, Executive Secretary, I.L. ConsultingMr. Avi LernerMr. Ronny (Aharon) Leshno-Yaar, Deputy Director General forU.N. and International Organizations, Ministry of Foreign AffairsCol. (res.) Shmuel Letko, Advisor, Knesset Foreign Affairs &Defense CommitteeMs. Dafna Lev, Director, Education, Culture & Sport AdministrationMunicipality of Tel Aviv-JaffaAdv. Gal I. Levertov, Director, International Department, Ministry ofJusticeMr. Ilan Levin, Accountant General & Director of the FinanceDepartment, Ministry of DefenseDr. Lea LevinMr. Dovev Levinson, CEO, Whitewater SecurityBrig. Gen. (res.) Uzi Levtzur, Managing Director, Taavura HoldingsMs. Betty LevyMr. David Levy, Project Manager, IDB GroupMr. Ezri Levy, CEO, Jerusalem Development AuthorityCol. Reuven Levy, Directorate for Defense R&D, Ministry ofDefenseMs. Tali Levy, Deputy Director, TIMMr. Yaackov Levy, Head of Policy Planning Bureau, Ministry ofForeign AffairsDr. Yagil Levy, Department of Public Policy, Ben Gurion Universityof the NegevProf. Yuval Levy, Senior Partner, Yuval Levy & Co. Law OfficesDr. Varda Liberman, Deputy Dean, Arison School of Business, IDCHerzliyaDr. Alexander Libin, Director for Sciences, Center for AcademicCooperation with CISProf. Amir Licht, Dean, Radzyner School of Law, IDC HerzliyaMr. Zvi Lider, Director, Communications and Public Affairs Division,Keren Kayemet LeIsrael - Jewish National FundAmb. Dr. Alon Liel, Chairman, Global Code; Former DirectorGeneral of the Ministry of Foreign AffairsMr. Eyal Lifschitz, Incentive IncubatorCol. (res.) Shmuel Limone, Senior Consultant, Defense PolicyPlanning and Arms Control, Ministry of DefenseJustice Micha Lindenstrauss, State Comptroller and OmbudsmanCPA. Adv. Moshe Lion, Managing Partner, Lion Orlitzky & Co.Ms. Tali Lipkin-Shahak, Maariv46

Mr. Shalom Lipner, Special Coordinator for Public Diplomcy, PrimeMinister's OfficeProf. Nadav Liron, Director, Shmuel Neaman InstituteMr. Arale Livenat, CRB FundMK Limor Livnat, Former Minister of Education; Member ofKnesset Foreign Affairs & Defense CommitteeMr. Adi Livnat, CEO, Lima Holdings B.V.Maj. Gen. (res.) Zeev Livne, Chairman, Livne StrategicCounsaltancyAdv. Eti Livni, Former Member of KnessetAdv. Talia Livni, President, NaamatMinister Tzipi Livni, Vice Prime Minister & Minister of ForeignAffairsMr. Yitzhak Livni, Former Chairman, Channel 2 NewsCol. (res.), Adv. Lior Lotan, Senior Research Associate, Institute forCounter- Terrorism, IDC HerzliyaDr. Shabtai Lubel, Director General, Bar-Ilan UniversityMr. Uri Lubrani, Adviser to the Minister of DefenseDr. Yoram Luninski, CEO, Yl SystemsDr. Avishai Luski, Director of Haifa Campus, Open UniversityMs. Rachel Machtiger, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Policyand Strategy, IDC HerzliyaAdv. Zvi Magen, Director, Institute for Eurasian Studies, IDCHerzliyaMr. Oren Magnezy, Founding Director, Agency for EconomicDevelopment of the Minorities Sector, Prime Minister's OfficeMr. Amir Makov, Chairman of the Board, Israeli Institute of Energy& EnvironmentMr. Herzel Makov, Director, Menachem Begin Heritage CenterMr. Israel Makov, Chairman, Given ImagingMr. Yariv Mann, Reut InstituteMs. Michel Manor, Marketing Director, MABAT-IAIMr. Miron Manor, Former Deputy Director, Institite for Policy andStrategy, IDC HerzliyaMr. Dan Margalit, Journalist, Israel Hayom; Channel 10Mr. Gidi Mark, International Director of Marketing and PublicRelations, Taglit - Birthright IsraelMs. Hemda Mark, Economic Advisor for the Defense Establishment,Ministry of DefenseMr. Aharon Marmarosh, Deputy Director General, Ministry ofDefenseMr. Omri Maron, AprilcomMs. Naava Mashiah-YeminiDr. Shavit Matias, Deputy Attorney General for International Affairs,Ministry of JusticeMaj. Gen. (res.) Danny Matt, President, LIBI fundDr. Eilat Mazar, Senior Fellow, Shalem Center; Institute ofArchaeology, Hebrew University of JerusalemMr. Pini Meidan-Shani, Senior International Strategic Coordinator,WatairpollLt. Col. Avgad Meiri, Plans and Policy Directorate, IDFAmb. Aryeh Mekel, Spokesperson, Ministry of Foreign AffairsProf. Yoseph A. Mekori, Dean, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, TelAviv UniversityMs. Betsy Melamed, Partner, MASIGMr. Sagi Melamed, Vice President for External Relations, Tel HaiCollegeMs. Carmela Menashe, Military Correspondent, Kol IsraelMr. Chico Menashe, Channel 10 NewsProf. Ariel Merari, Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Reuven Merhav, Jerusalem Institute for Israel StudiesAdv. Dan Meridor, Senior Partner, Haim Tzadok and Co. LawOfficesMaj. Gen. (res.) Menachem Meron, Managing Director, IFTIC Ltd.Prof. Hagit Messer-Yaron, Vice President for Research andDevelopment, Tel Aviv UniversityProf. Dan Meyerstein, President, Ariel University Center of SamariaMK Avraham Michaeli, Member, Knesset Constitution CommitteeProf. Sonia Michaeli, Chief Scientist, Ministry of ImmigrantAbsorptionMr. Arie Mientkavich, Deputy Chairman of the Board, Gazit GlobeMr. Effie Milutin, Oil Trading & Marketing Manager, Eilat AshkelonPipeline CompanyProf. Alex Mintz, Dean, Lauder School of Government, IDC HerzliyaMr. Adi Mintz, Vice President for Marketing, TadsecMr. Yair Minzily, Adjunct Research Fellow, Institute for Policy andStrategy, IDC HerzliyaAdv. Dan Mirkin, Partner, D. Mirkin and Co. Advocates andNotariesMr. Moshe Mittelman, Director, Israeli Writers' AssociationDr. Ousama Hanna Moalem, Principal, Nazereth Baptist SchoolMs. Michal Modai, Honorary Chairperson, WIZOLt. Gen. (res.) Shaul Mofaz, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister ofTransport and Road SafetyCol. (res.) Shlomo Mofaz, Associate International, Institute forCounter-Terrorism, IDC HerzliyaMs. Keren MolchoMr. Aharon Moonblit, Director General, Israel Russian-SpeakingJournalists and Artists CongressMs. Varda Moor, Councilor, Municipality of HerzliyaMr. Aharon Mor, Senior Director, International Affairs Department,Ministry of FinanceProf. Moshe Moshe, Technion - Israel Institute of TechnologyMr. Oren Most, Chairman, Taya CommunicationsProf. Gabriel Motzkin, Director, Van Leer Jerusalem InstituteCol. (res.) Uri Naaman, Coordinator for NATO & European DefenseOrganizations, Ministry of DefenseMr. Roni Naftali, Chairman, Eden-SpringsMaj. Gen. (Res) Jacob Nagel, Deputy Director, Directorate forDefense R&D Ministry of DefenseProf. David Nahmias, Lauder School of Government, Diplomacyand Strategy, IDC HerzliyaMr. Ami Nahshon, President & CEO, Abraham Fund InitiativesMr. Shlomo Nakdimon, JournalistMr. Avi Naor, Chairman, Or YarokMs. Dalia Narkis, Chair, ManpowerDr. Soli Natan, District Supervisor, Ministry of EducationDr. Roby Nathanson, General Manager, Israeli Institute forEconomic and Social ResearchMs. Perry Nativ, Senior Advisor to the Chairman, Jewish Agency forIsraelMaj. Gen. Ido Nehushtan, Chief of Plans and Policy Directorate,IDFMr. Shlomo Nekava, Chairman, Israel Handicapped OrganizationMr. Uzi Netanel, Chairman of the Board, Maccabi Group HoldingsMr. Moshe Nestelbaum, Chair, Association of Israeli JournalistsMK Benjamin Netanyahu, Leader of the Opposition; Former PrimeMinister of IsraelMr. Shimon Netzer, Project Manager, IDB GroupLt. Col. Noam Neuman, International Law Department MilitaryAdvocate General, IDFProf. David Nevo, School of Education, Tel Aviv University47

Ms. Irina Nevzlin, Managing Director, Nadav FundMr. Leonid Nevzlin, Founding Chairman, Nadav FundMr. Jackob Nimrodi, Honorary President, ILDCMs. Rivka NimrodiMr. Meir Nitzan, Mayor of Rishon LeZionMK Prof. Michael Nudelman, Chairman, Knesset Committee forImmigration, Absorption, and Diaspora AffairsBrig. Gen. (res.) Nitsan Nuriel, Director, Counter-Terrorism BureauNational Security Council, Prime Minister's OfficeMr. David Ofek, CEO, D Fine VenturesMs. Michal Ogolnik, Spokesperson and Regulations Manager, PazMr. Ehud Olmert, Prime Minister of IsraelMs. Netaly Ophir, Reut InstituteDr. Eli Opper, Chief Scientist, Ministry of Industry, Trade and LaborMaj. Gen. (Res) Jacob Or, Deputy Director General & Comptrollerof the Defense Establishment, State Comptroller's OfficeProf. Michael B. 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Parola, Dean, Faculty of Natural Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the NegevMs. Dvora PattMr. Dan Pattir, Senior Adviser, Abraham Fund InitiativesDr. Shlomit Paz, Department of Geography and EnvironmentalStudies, University of HaifaMs. Meirav Pick, Media and Government Relations, Reut InstituteMK Ofir Pines-Paz, Chairman of the Knesset Interior & EnvironmentCommitteeMr. Moshe Pearl, CEO, Israeli Banking AssociationProf. Reuven Pedatzor, HaaretzProf. Dov Pekelman, Chairman, Atera Networks Ltd.Mr. Haim Peled, Chairman of the Board, Municipal Company for theDevelopment of Tourism in HerzliyaMr. Daniel Perek, CFO, Society for Excellence through EducationPresident Shimon Peres, President of the State of IsraelCol. (res.) Etty Peretz, Advisor for Economic and Social PolicyMs. Ruti Peretz, Member of the Board of Directors, Society forExcellence through EducationProf. Yoram Peri, Head, Chaim Herzog Institute for Media, Politicsand Society, Tel Aviv UniversityMs. Mimi PerlmanAdv. Nehama Perlman, Senior Deputy to the Legal Advisor,Ministry of DefenseMs. Irit Perlman-Admony, VarietyMr. Jacob Perry, Chairman of the Board, Mizrachi Tefachot Bank;Former Head of the Israeli Security AgencyMr. Orni Petruschka, Founding Partner, Precede TechnologiesMr. Yoram Petrushka, Managing Partner, Petrus LtdMr. Anshel Pfeffer, Journalist, HaaretzDr. Lt. Col. Gavriel PickerMs. Ahuva PincasMr. Israel Pinkas, Poet, Israel Prize LaureateProf. Zvi Piran, Dean, Jerusalem School of BusinessAdministration, Hebrew University of JerusalemAdv. Norman A. Platt, Partner, Gera, Platt, & Levin Law OfficesMr. Sever Plotzker, Economics Editor, Yedioth AharonotMr. Zvi Polak, President & CEO, ColmobilDr. Daniel Polisar, President, Shalem CenterAdv. Meli Polishook-Bloch, Chairman, Derech Acheret PartyMs. Maya Popper, Media Coordinator, Abraham Fund InitiativesProf. Dina Porat, Head, Stephen Roth Institute for the Study ofContemporary Antisemitism and Racism, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Shai Porat, Spokesman, Shalem CenterCol. (res.) Ehud Prawer, Deputy Head, National Security Council forDomestic Policy, Prime Minister's OfficeMs. Dalia Preshker, Chairman of the Board, GRYP InvestmentsProf.,Lt.Col (res) Adir Pridor, Head, Institute for IndustrialMathematicsMs. Eetta Prince-Gibson, Editor In Chief, Jerusalem ReportDr. Ron Pundak, Director General, Peres Center for PeaceDr. Uzi Rabi, Department of Middle Eastern and African History, TelAviv UniversityAdv. Dalia Rabin, Chairman of Board, Rabin CenterMs. Pazit Rabina, Makor RishonMs. Yael Rabiya, Director, Israeli Communications DepartmentMinistry of Foreign AffairsMs. Shlomit Rachmel, Department for Gifted Students, Ministry ofEducationProf. Frances Raday, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University ofJerusalemMr. Ran Rahav, Chairman, Ran Rahav Communications and PublicRelationsMr. Israel Raif, Director General, Shlomo Garage Chain & RoadServices LtdMaj. Gen. (res.) Michael Ram, Former Commander of the Navy,IDFMs. Rona RamonMr. Gilad Ramot, General Manager, Del-Ta Engineering EquipmentMr. Amir Rapaport , Head of the Military Desk, MaarivMr. Barak Ravid, MaarivDr. Itzhak Ravid, ScientistMr. Avner Raz, Chairman of the Board, Israel Military Industries LtdMr. Menashe Raz, Journalist, Channel One, Israel BroadcastingAuthorityMs. Yael Raz, Public Relations Manager for the Business Sector,Jewish Agency for IsraelMr. Leon Recanati, Chairman & CEO, GlenRockMs. Ester Regev, Director, Education Department Municipality ofKiryat OnoBrig. Gen. Miri Regev, Former IDF SpokespersonProf. Uriel Reichman, Founding President, IDC HerzliyaMs. Nira Reichman, Owner, N. Reichman ArchitectsProf. Elie Rekhess, Senior Research Fellow, Moshe Dayan Centerfor Middle Eastern and African Studies Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Liran Renert, Israel Atomic Energy CommissionMr. Peleg Reshef, Director, Future Generations Department, WorldJewish CongressMaj. Nehemya Reybi, CEO, Gesher HayardenMr. Uri Reychav, Research Engineer, RAFAEL - AdvancedDefense Systems Ltd.48

Mr. Gil Rich, Director for Non-Proliferation, Israel Atomic EnergyCommissionMr. Roni Rimon, Chief Strategist and Partner, Cohen-Rimon-CohenMs. Ariela Ringel-Hofman, Journalist, Yedioth AharonotMs. Orly Roichman, University of HaifaAdv. Hertzela Ron, Member of the Board, BezeqMs. Tzippy Ron, Union of Women AcademicsAdv. Avi Ronen, Adviser for Public Affairs, Bashaar - AcademicCommunity for Israeli SocietyMaj. Gen. (res.) Dan Ronen, Former Commander of the NorthernDistrict, Israel PoliceMr. Godel Rosenberg, Israel Representative, Dailmer-ChryslerMr. Abbie Rosner, Israel Representative, Russell Berrie FoundationMaj. Gen. (res.) Danny Rothschild, President, Council for Peaceand SecurityProf. Zeev Rotstein, Director, Sheba Medical CenterMr. Haim Rousso, Corporate Vice President & Managing Director,Elbit Systems Electro-Optics ELOPMr. Haim Rozenberg, CEO, Elraz InitiativesAdv. Tomer Rozner, Legal Advisor, Knesset Internal Affairs andEnvironment CommitteeMr. Uzi Rubin, CEO, Rubincon Defense ConsultingProf. Amnon Rubinstein, Former President, IDC HerzliyaMr. Ziv Rubinstein, Producer, Channel 10Mr. Zvi Rubowitz, Deputy Director General, Ministry of DefenseMK Gideon Sa`ar, Deputy Speaker of the KnessetMr. Ezra Saar, Israel Postal AuthorityMs. Racheli Saar, Israel Postal AuthorityProf. Naama Sabar Ben-Yehoshua, Jaime and Joan ConstantinerSchool of Education, Tel Aviv UniversityDr. Robbie Sabel, Radzyner Law School, IDC HerzliyaMr. Radi Safuri, Member, Board of Directors, Keren KayemetLeIsrael - Jewish National FundMaj. Gen. (res.) Emanuel Sakal, Senior Research Associate, BESACenter for Strategic Studies, Bar-Ilan UniversityMr. Gideon Samet, Senior Member of the Editorial Board, HaaretzProf. Shmuel Sandler, Dean Faculty of Social Sciences, Bar-IlanUniversityMr. Tom Sawicki, Deputy Director, AIPACMr. Yoni Schainfeld, Military Correspondent, IDF Radio StationMr. Aharon Scherf, General Manager, ILDCIMs. Ruth ScherfMr. Moshe Schickler, Commercial Business ClubMs. Atalia Schmeltzer, Vice Chaiman, Shlomo SIXTMs. Rachelle Schilo, Ombudsman, Jewish Agency for IsraelAdv. Alan Schneider, Director, Bnai Brith World CenterDr. Lior Schohat, Teaching Fellow, University of HaifaMs. Anat Schor, CEO & Owner, Dolphin AdvertisingDr. Dan Schueftan, Deputy Director, National Security StudiesCenter, University of HaifaMr. Daniel Seaman, Director, Government Press OfficeMr. Jacky Sebag, Mayor of NahariyaMs. Dalia Segal, Ononeis Inc.Prof. Zeev Segal, Department of Public Policy, Tel Aviv UniversityDr. Mordechai Segal, CEO, Ononeis Inc.Mr. Udi Segal, Political Correspondent, Channel 2 NewsMs. Rachel SegevMr. Shalom SegevMr. Avner Shacham, President & CEO, Bet Shemesh EnginesMaj. Gen. (res.) Oren Shachor, President & Chairman, EilatAshkelon Pipeline CompanyMr. Yitzhak Shadar, Seargent at Arms of the KnessetCol. (res.) Dov Shafir, Board of Directors, Teva PharmaceuticalIndustriesMaj. Gen. Ami Shafran, Head of Computing and CommunicationsBranch, IDFMr. Shaike Shafrir, Regional Coordinator, E2KProf. Yossi Shain, President, Western Galilee CollegeMr. Haim ShakedMr. Itzhak Jack ShakedCol. (res.) Shmuel ShakedMr. Avner Shalev, Chairman, Yad VashemMr. Binyamin Shalev, EPI Consultants; Director of the RussellBerrie Foundation, IsraelProf. Zaki Shalom, Ben Gurion Institute for Israel Studies, Ben-Gurion UniversityMs. Hila Shamir, Regional Coordinator, E2KAmb. Prof. Shimon Shamir, Faculty of Humanities, Tel AvivUniversityBrig. Gen. (res.) Joshua Shani, Vice President, Lockheed MartinIsrael Lockheed Martin GlobalDr. Ehud Shapira, Chairman of the Board, Phoenix HoldingsMr. Matnia Shapira, YESHA CouncilBrig. Gen. (res.) Dr. Shimon Shapira, Senior Research Associate,Institute for Policy and Strategy, IDC HerzliyaMr. Jacob ShapiroMr. Merav Sharabi, Assistant to the Director, Society for Excellencethrough EducationMr. Natan Sharansky, Chairman, Adelson Institute for StrategicStudies, Shalem CenterDr. Uriel Sharef, Chairman of the Board, Siemens Israel Ltd.Mr. Jeremy Sharon, The Israel ProjectCol. Zeev Sharoni, Deputy Spokesperson, IDFCol. Pnina Sharvit-Baruch, Head of the International LawDepartment, Military Advocate General Corps IDFMr. Ronen Shaul, Deputy Director, Public Relations Israel AtomicEnergy CommissionMr. Ari Shavit, Journalist, HaaretzMr. Danny Shavit, CEO, EldanMr. Shabtai Shavit, Chairman, Athena GS3Col.(res) Dr. Shaul Shay, Deputy Head, National Security CouncilAdv. Alona Sheaffer (Karo), CEO, Life and Environment, TheIsraeli Union of Environmental NGOsMr. Ishay Shechter, Director of Planning & Strategy, KerenKayemet LeIsrael - Jewish National FundMr. Marcus Sheff, Executive Director, Israel Office, The IsraelProjectMaj. Gen. (res.) Gideon Sheffer, Corporate Vice President forStrategic Planning, Elbit SystemsMs. Sima Shein, Prime Minister's OfficeDr. Yacov Sheinin, CEO, Economic ModelsAdv. Dan Sheinman, Senior Partner, Sheinman Dan - SheinmanNegevDr. Yehuda Shenhav, Director, Vardinon Ltd.Mr. Yehuda Sherf, Director, Israel Department, Jewish Agency forIsraelRabbi Yuval Sherlo, Member of the Board, 'Tzohar'; Head HesderYeshivah of Petach TikvaDr. Martin Sherman, Tel Aviv University49

Brig. Gen. Eli Shermeister, Head of Education and Youth Corps,IDFProf. Shimon Shetreet, Director, Sacher Institute, Faculty of Law,Hebrew University of JerusalemMr. Reuven Shif, President, The Institute of Certified PublicAccountantsAdv. Moshe Shilo, General Director, Ministry of JusticeMr. Gali Shimoni, Academic Coordinator for Mathematics, Societyfor Excellence through Education (SEE)Adv. David Shimron, Partner, E.S. Shimron, I. Molho, Persky & Co.Law OfficesAmb. Aviv Shir-On, Deputy Director General for Media & PublicAffairs, Ministry of Foreign AffairsMr. Mordechai (Moti) Shklar, CEO, Israel Broadcasting AuthorityMr. Tovi Shmeltzer, Director of Marketing and BusinessDevelopment, New Kopel Insurance CompanyMr. Asi Shmelzer, CEO, Shlomo SIXT GroupMr. Shlomo Shmeltzer, Chairman, Shlomo SIXT GroupAmb. Itzhak Shoham, Deputy Director and Head of East AsiaDivision, Ministry of Foreign AffairsBrig. Gen. Ofir Shoham, C4I Technology Division Commander, IDFMr. Doron Shohat, Director, Abraham Fund InitiativesDr. Shimshon Shoshani , International CEO, Taglit Birthright IsraelAmb. Zalman Shoval, Chairman of the Board, Institute for Policyand Strategy, IDC HerzliyaMr. Anatol Shpigel, CEO AutoclubAdv. Eliad Shraga, Chairman, Movement for Quality Government inIsrael; Eliad Shraga & Co. Law OfficesDr. Oren Shriki, Israel Arts and Science AcademyProf. Zvi Shtauber, Director, Institute for National Security Studies,Tel Aviv UniversityMs. Bat-Sheva Shtrauchler, Deputy Chair, Israel Women'sNetworkMr. Eric Silver, Jerusalem ReportMr. Rami Simani, CEO, Simani Ltd.Mr. Avner Simhony, Advisor, Knesset Foreign Affairs & DefenseCommitteeMr. Danny Singer, Singer & Singer Certifiied Pubic AccountantsDr. Max Singer, Senior Research Associate, BESA Center forStrategic Studies, Bar-Ilan UniversityMr. Saul Singer, Senior Editor, Jerusalem PostMs. Wendy Singer, Director, Israel Office AIPACMr. Gideon Siterman, Director General, Ministry of Transport andRoad SafetyAdv. Ory Slonim, Senior Partner, Ory Slonim Law OfficesProf. Sammy Smooha, Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universityof HaifaMK Brig. Gen. (res.) Dr. Ephraim Sneh, Knesset Foreign Affairsand Defense CommitteeMs. Frieda Soffer, Secretary General, National Council forResearch and DevelopmentBrig. Gen. (res.) Amnon Sofrin, Director of Intelligence, PrimeMinister's OfficeProf. Ezra Sohar, Chairman, Ariel Center for Policy ResearchMs. Rikki Sprinzak, Director, Institute for Society & TechnologyFaculty of Management, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Tommy Steiner, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Policyand Strategy, IDC Herzliya; Executive Secretary, Atlantic Forum ofIsraelMK Dr. Yuval Steinitz, Knesset Foreign Affairs and DefenseCommitteeMr. Efi Stenzler, World Chairman, Keren Kayemet LeIsrael - JewishNational FundProf. Sidney Strauss, Chief Scientist, Ministry of EducationMs. Raya Strauss-Ben-Dror, Co-Owner, Strauss InvestmentsMs. Michal Strisover, Alan B. Slifka FoundationAdv. Dror Strum, President, Israeli Institute for Economic PlanningDr. Eyal Sulganik, Deputy Director, IDB GroupMK, Dr. Hanna Swaid, Knesset Finance CommitteeMr. Yossi SwedAdv. Barry Swersky, Director, Suntree LTDDr. Ephraim Tabory, Director, Conflict Management andNegotiation Program, Bar-Ilan UniversityDr. Mala Tabory, Director, Information and Research, Nativ - PrimeMinister's OfficeMr. Dov Tadmor, Chairman, Saridav InvestmentsProf. Ze'ev Tadmor, Chairman of the Board, Samuel NeamanInstitute; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Instituteof TechnologyMr. Yoram Taharlev, Writer & PoetMs. Inbal TalDr. Nachman Tal, Adjunct Senior Research Fellow, Institute forNational Security Studies, Tel Aviv UniversityMr. Shmuel Tal, Voice of IsraelMr. Zvi Tal, Deputy Head, Israel's Mission to the European Union &NATOAdv. Yehuda Talmon, President, Lahav OrganizationBrig. Gen. (res.) Micha Tamir, Marketing Director, Israel DeskRAFAEL - Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.Minister Prof. Yuli Tamir, Minister of EducationMr. Yossi Tanuri, Director General, United Israel Appeal of CanadaMr. Israel (Izzy) TapoohiMr. Salah Tarif, Chairman, Minorities' Division, Labor PartyMr. Daniel Taub, Senior Deputy Legal Adviser, Ministry of ForeignAffairsDr. Joshua Teitelbaum, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Easternand African Studies, Tel Aviv UniversityProf. Yehezkel Teller, President Academic Center, Carmel - HaifaMr. Jacob Tennenbaum, General Manager, Mercantile DiscountBank Ltd.Ms. Yael TobiasProf. Ehud R. Toledano, Head, Graduate School of HistoricalStudies, Tel Aviv UniversityDr. Gideon Tolkowsky, CEO, BME Capital Ltd.Mr. Akiva Tor, Director, Department for Jewish Communities,Ministry of Foreign AffairsProf. Efraim Torgovnik, School of Government and Policy, Tel AvivUniversityMr. Imri Tov, Adjunct Senior Research Fellow, Institute for NationalSecurity Studies, Tel Aviv UniversityProf. Alfred Tovias, Director, Leonard Davis Institute forInternational Relations, Hebrew University of JerusalemProf. Manuel Trajtenberg, Head National Economic Council, PrimeMinister's OfficeAdv. Eitan Tsachor, Eitan Tsachor and Co. Law OfficesMr. Yossi Tsuria, Executive Vice President for Strategy &Technology, NDS Technologies IsraelMr. Michael Tuchfeld, Editor, Knesset Channel - Channel 2 NewsMr. Itzhak Tunik, Commanding Officer and Chief Editor, IDF RadioStationMr. Yair Tzaban, Director, LamdaProf. Zeev Tzahor, President, Sapir CollegeMr. Shaul Tzemach, Director General, Ministry of Tourism50

Maj. Gen. (res.) David Tzur, Member of the Board, EpsilonInvestmentsProf. Gideon Uretzky, Tel Aviv Medical CenterMs. Louisa Valitsky, Public Relations Manager, Nadav FundMs. Ronit Vardi, GlobesMr. Ari Varon, Deputy Foreign Policy Advisor, Prime Minister'sOfficeMr. Yarden Vatikay, Spokesperson and Head of Communicationsand Information Unit, Jewish Agency for IsraelMs. Chaya Veichselfish, Ministry of DefenseProf. Yaacov Vertzberger, Department of International Relations,Hebrew University of JerusalemMr. Doron Viktor, Shlomo SIXT GroupMK Avshalom Vilan, Knesset State Control CommitteeMaj. Gen. (res.) MK Matan Vilnai, Deputy Minister of DefenseMs. Irena Voldberg, CEO, Association of Entrepreneurs in IsraelDr. Rivka Wadmany, Head, College of Technological TeachingMr. Yair Waide, General Manager, Eilat Ashkelon PipelineCompanyRabbi Yechiel WassermanMr. Joshua WeinMr. David Weinberg, CEO, Beyad HalashonMr. Raphy Weiner, President, Tamares HotelsMr. Gadi Weisman, Reut InstituteAdv. Ariel Weiss, General Director, Yad Hanadiv FundProf. Yechiam Weitz, Department of Land of Israel Studies,University of HaifaMr. David Wiessman, President & CEO, Alon Israel Oil CompanyMs. Einat Wilf, Research Fellow, Jewish People Policy PlanningInstituteLt. Gen. (res.) Moshe Ya'alon, Senior Fellow, Adelson Institute forStrategic Studies, Shalem CenterCol. (res.) Itamar Yaar, Former Deputy Head, National SecurityCouncil; Yaar Consulting for Organization and StrategyProf. Ephraim Yaar, Head, Evens Program in Mediation andConflict Resolution, Tel Aviv UniversityMaj. Gen. (res.) Aviezer Yaari, Council for Peace and SecurityProf. Menahem Yaari, President, Israel Academy of Sciences andHumanitiesMr. Uri Yablonka, Deputy Editor in Chief, MaarivMr. Aharon Yadlin, Chairman, Bialik InstituteAdv. Yona Yahav, Mayor of HaifaMaj. Gen. (res.) Yoram YairDr. Shulamith Yaish, Member, Board of Directors, Keren KayemetLeIsrael - Jewish National FundDr. Alexander Yakobson, Institute of Arts and Letters Hebrew,University of JerusalemProf. Dan Yakir, Head, Department of Environmental Sciences &Energy Research Weizmann Institute of ScienceCol. (res.) Ahuva Yanai, CEO, Matan - Your Way to GiveMaj. Gen. (ret) Shlomo Yanai, CEO, Teva PharmaceuticalIndustries Ltd.Maj. Gen. Shai Yaniv, President of the Military Court of Appeals,IDFMs. Shlomit Yarkoni-Semama, Associate Director, New IsraelFundMaj. Gen. (res.) Amos Yaron, Adviser, Israel Aerospace IndustriesLtd.Mr. Igal Yasinov, Deputy Chairman, Board of Directors, KerenKayemet LeIsrael - Jewish National FundMr. Ben-Dror Yemini, Op-Ed Editor, MaarivMinister Eliyahu Yishai, Deputy Prime Minister & Minister ofIndustry, Trade and LaborAdv. Yaacov Yisraeli, Senior Partner, Shibolet & Co.Adv. Linor Yochelman, Secretary-General, BezeqMr. Meir Yoffe, CEO, Panim for Jewish Renewal in IsraelMr. Amos Yovel, Chairman, Bialik Institute World ZionistOrganization and The Jewish AgencyDr. Eitan Yudilevich, Director, BIRD FundDr. Meir Zadok, Director Israel Academy of Sciences andHumantiesMs. Merav Zafary, Director, Arms Control, Israel Atomic EnergyCommissionProf. Daniel Zaifman, President, Weizmann Institute of ScienceDr. Zvi Zameret, Director, Yad Ben-ZviMs. Ahava Zarembski, Founder and President, Yesod-MasadMr. Josh Zarka, Director of External Relations, Israel Atomic EnergyCommissionProf. Dror Zeevi, Head, Middle East and Islamic Studies Ben GurionUniversity of the NegevMr. Arie Zehavi, Director, Friends of Haifa UniversityProf. Ben-Zion Zilberfarb, Department of Economics, Bar-IlanUniversityMr. Moris (Moshe) Zilcha, Chairman Zionist Council in Israel, WorldZionist OrganizationMr. Zvi Zilker, Mayor of AshdodMr. Leon Ziman, Director, Meimad TV StudiosMr. Amit Zimmer, Assistant to the Chairman and CorporateSpokesman, RAFAEL - Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.Mr. Eric Zimmerman, Academic Secretary, Director, ResearchAuthority, IDC HerzliyaProf. Eyal Zisser, Director, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Easternand African Studies, Tel Aviv UniversityMK Itzhak Ziv, Deputy Speaker of the KnessetMr. Zvi Ziv, CEO, Bank HapoalimAdv. Arie Zuckerman, Secretary General, European Jewish Fund51

A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t sPrincipal SupportersAmb. Ronald S. LauderPresident of the World Jewish Congress, international businessman and former President of the JewishNational Fund. Additionally serves as Chairman of the International Public Committee of the World JewishRestitution Organization and Chairman of the Jewish Heritage Council. Former Chairman of the Conferenceof Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations. Served as U.S. Ambassador to Austria and as DeputyAssistant Secretary of Defense for European and NATO Policy. Established the Ronald S. LauderFoundation, which has focused on Jewish education and outreach programs in Eastern Europe. Holds a B.A.in International Business from the Wharton School and a Certificate in International Business from theUniversity of Brussels.The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES)The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) is a non-profit organization with its roots in the German and InternationalSocial Democracy. The FES office in Israel contributes to enhancing German/European-Israeli relations,promoting peaceful coexistence between Israel and its neighbors, and strengthening Israeli civil society. Foradditional information: www.fes.org.ilNadav Fund For the Advancement of Jewish HeritageThe NADAV Fund, founded in 2003 by Leonid Nevzlin and his partners with the vision of strengtheningJewish Peoplehood and fostering Jewish continuity, supports initiatives designed to advance understandingof Jewish Peoplehood and strengthen pride in being part of the Jewish People. The Fund's activities arecentered on building meaningful and pluralistic Jewish identity and creating lasting connections among Jewsin Israel and the world over, with an emphasis on the young generation. Through its grants the NADAV Fundseeks to ensure that Jewish Peoplehood in the 21 st century is rooted in thoughtful engagement with andprofound understanding of the rich cultural, religious and historical legacy of the Jewish People.The Russell Berrie FoundationThe Russell Berrie Foundation carries on the values and passions of the late Russell Berrie by promoting thecontinuity of Jewish communal life, fostering religious understanding and pluralism, supporting advances indiabetes and humanistic medical care, recognizing unsung heroes and elevating the profession of sales.The Israeli Institute for Economic PlanningThe Israeli Institute for Economic Planning is a non-profit organization, working to change the Israeli economyinto a free market, competitive modern economy.The Institute's research focuses on the problems that prevent the Israeli economy from reaching its fullpotential. The Institute’s main goal is to offer practical solutions for such problems.The Institute's current areas of activity include: the desired future direction of the Israeli economy, the povertyproblem and solutions, structural and legal changes in the land and housing sector, Israel capital needs, theexcess bureaucracy, the defense budget and the freedom of information legislation.The Institute is led by Mr. Dror Strum, former General Director of the Israeli Antitrust Authority. The Institute isnot affiliated with any political party. It employs experts in the specific fields of operation and is committed to aprofessional problem analysis and to presenting practical recommendations to the decision makers in theparliament, the government and to the general public.The Institute has an ongoing relationship with public figures from all sectors of the Israeli society and withparliament and government members. The Institute consults and supports legislative initiatives in its areas ofinterest.The Society for Excellence through Education (SEE)The Society for Excellence through Education (SEE) was founded in Israel in 1987 to foster the concept ofleadership, excellence and social responsibility throughout the entire educational community. In 1990, SEEestablished and continues to operate the Israel Arts and Science Academy (IASA), a national, residentialsenior high school in Jerusalem. The students are immigrants and sabras, religious and secular Jews andIsraeli Arabs. SEE also operates national programs throughout Israel which provide unique learningopportunities for bright and motivated students. The major program is Excellence 2000 (E2K), which reachesover 10,000 students and 1,000 teachers in Israel and approximately 2,500 students and 300 teachers in theUnited States. SEE has been chosen by the Israeli Ministry of Education to partner in expanding excellencethroughout Israel’s education system. The Herzliya Conference session on "Excellence as a National Value"is sponsored by the Carylon Foundation, Chicago, Illinois. For additional information: www.see.org.ilKeren Kayemeth LeIsrael – Jewish National FundKeren Kayemeth LeIsrael – Jewish National Fund, was established by Theodore Herzl 105 years ago, at the5th Zionist Congress. The purpose was to create a National Fund that would fulfill the Zionist vision ofbringing the Jewish People to their Homeland by purchasing and developing land in Eretz Yisrael. Today, atthe beginning of the 21st century, this goal still serves as the ideological and practical platform on which theprinciples of KKL-JNF are based. The achievements of KKL-JNF, as the caretaker of the land of Israel onbehalf of the Jewish People and as the biggest environmental movement in Israel, are evident throughout the52

country. These include more than 650,000 acres of land purchased, 1,000 towns and villages established onKKL-JNF land, 229 million trees planted, 200 water reservoirs built, tens of polluted rivers rehabilitated,hundreds of parks and recreational areas developed, endowment of heritage and education for the love ofIsrael, vigorous actions taken for rolling back the desert, and the significant impact of tree planting andforestry research in the Negev region on the prevention of global warming.Our actions demonstrate the enormous impact of KKL-JNF on the development of the modern State of Israel,as partners of the People of Israel and the Jewish People. KKL-JNF will continue to fulfill its mission todevelop, settle, build, protect and create - as the caretaker and guardian of the Land of Israel for JewishPeople everywhere.For additional information: kkl.org.il/kkl/kklmain_blue.aspxIDB GroupIDB Group is the largest business concern in Israel, with a diversified portfolio encompassing some of themost influential companies in Israel. Through majority holdings in four main subsidiaries – DiscountInvestment Corporation, Clal Industries and Investments, Clal Insurance Enterprise Holdings and KoorIndustries - the IDB Group holds major stakes in key industries such as communications, insurance andfinance, real estate, high-technology, bio-technology, retail and tourism. For additional information:www.idb.co.ilRoger HertogGovernmental DepartmentsMinistry of DefenseMinistry of Foreign AffairsFoundationsThe Posen FoundationThe Posen Foundation works internationally as a service provider to support educational initiatives on Jewishculture in the modern period and the process of Jewish secularization over the past three centuries. At a timewhen the majority of world Jewry defines itself as secular and is not well educated in Jewish culture, theFoundation offers this growing community the opportunity to deepen and enrich the study of its cultural andhistoric heritage. The foundation's pioneering program supports the development of university curricula andsyllabi on Jewish secularism and secularization. It funds publishing ventures of substantial reference works,and teacher training programs to equip teachers to teach Jewish culture, modern Jewish history and its vastliteratures. The Foundation supports academic research for PhD candidates and post-Doc fellowships to helpto understand this modern phenomenon as well as diverse aspects of Jewish identities, and supportsdemographic surveys to better understand the growing population. Programs supported by the foundation aretaught in 50 junior and senior high schools in Israel; 33 colleges and universities in the U.S., Canada andIsrael; and will be underway shortly in Europe. Felix Posen is Founding President and Chair of theFoundation. Daniel Posen is Managing Director.The Andrea and Charles Bronfman PhilanthropiesThe Alan B. Slifka Foundation and The Abraham Fund InitiativesThe Abraham Fund Initiatives is a social change organization working to promote Jewish-Arab coexistence,cooperation and equality.For additional information: www.abrahamfund.orgThe Robert & Ardis James Foundation53

OrganizationsThe American Jewish CommitteeThe American Jewish Committee protects the rights and freedoms of Jews the world over; combats bigotryand anti-Semitism and promotes human rights for all; works for the security of Israel and a deeperunderstanding between Americans and Israelis; advocates public policy positions rooted in America'sdemocratic values and in the Jewish heritage; and enhances the creative vitality of the Jewish people.Founded in 1906, it is the pioneer human relations agency in the United States. For additional information:www.ajc.orgThe National Security Studies Center, University of HaifaThe Center studies a wide variety of national security issues – social, political, military, economic and others –seeking to enhance the understanding of the complex web of interactions affecting national security. TheCenter brings together social scientists, historians and other scholars from Israel and abroad, drawing on awide range of relevant disciplines in an effort to integrate their respective studies into the overallinterdisciplinary picture of national security.The Center’s research has focused on the national security strategy of Israel, the changing global andregional strategic environment, the study of terrorism and the psychology and politics of a society coping withprotracted conflict. Since the beginning of the decade, the Center has conducted an ongoing and methodicalseries of comprehensive studies on the diverse components of national resilience in Israeli society. Foradditional information: nssc.haifa.ac.ilThe Jewish Agency for Israel: Partnering with purpose, all over the worldThe Jewish Agency for Israel is a global non-profit organization that works towards Aliyah and integration,connecting the next generation through Jewish Zionist education and creating an Israel of equal opportunityby bridging social and economic gaps and investing in the Negev and Galilee.For additional information: www.jewishagency.org.ilJewish Federation of Greater PhiladelphiaThe Jewish Federation of Greater Philadelphia sees a flourishing global Jewish community – today and forfuture generations – that is continually strengthened by:• inspiring participation in Jewish life and learning through Jewish day school opportunities, enhancedsynagogue schooling and programming, a coordinated outreach effort by community organizations toyoung Jews and Jewish families, and increased educational and leadership opportunities for young adults.• caring for people at-risk or in need through programs that help seniors to age with dignity, aid for thechronically poor, self-sufficiency initiatives for Jews facing poverty, hunger relief, and transformative socialaction efforts.• Connecting Jews in Greater Philadelphia to each other and to Jews in Israel and around the world throughIsrael advocacy, overseas hunger relief and security programming, and support for Jewish seniors,children and immigrants in Israel and other overseas nations.BenefactorsWalter SternSam DelugEta & Dr. Sass SomekhNina RosenvaldDalia & Dr. Mordechai SegalHoward P. BerkowitzMel SemblerRobert RechnitzNira & Kenneth AbramowitzSteven PriceProf. Yoav ShohamMark IsakowitzDr. Cheryl Fishbein & Philip SchattenYehudit & Dr. Israel YovelPrincipal SponsorsBank HapoalimBank Hapoalim is Israel’s leading bank and was recently ranked by “Dun & Bradstreet” as the most financiallysound financial institution in Israel for the year 2008. Bank Hapoalim has over 250 branches throughout Israeland is also the leading bank for corporate business in Israel. The Bank provides its clients with bankingproducts and services of the highest quality available in the sector. Abroad, the bank is successfully takingpart in the globalization process of the international banking community; the Bank has 44 branches,subsidiaries and representative offices active in financial centers worldwide, including New York, London,Zurich, Hong Kong, Singapore and others.The Bank group also includes 2 commercial banks and subsidiaries engaged in financial and other activities.For further details: www.bankhapoalim.co.il54

Dor AlonAlon started off as a young and dynamic fuel company. Today, 15 years later, Alon is a leading brand namein Israel and operates in the energy and retail sectors. In these sectors, Alon is leading a green vision andinvests great deal of sources for the community and for the quality of the environment.TamaresTamares Hotels, Resorts and Spas is part of the Tamares group which was founded nearly 60 years ago,and is currently owned solely by Poju Zabludowicz. Tamares is a private investment group with significantinterest in real estate, technology, manufacturing, leisure and media in many parts of the world. For additionalinformation: www.tamareshotels.co.il.Israel Discount BankThe Israel Discount Bank Group is the third largest banking group in Israel. It operates mainly through 129branches providing a wide range of banking services offered to its customers.Israel Discount Bank, established in 1935, is involved in a variety of banking, trade and commercial activities,aspiring to be the leader in retail banking in Israel. The Bank has two banking subsidiaries in Israel,Mercantile Discount Bank and Discount Mortgage Bank, and also an affiliated bank, the First InternationalBank of Israel. The Bank operates overseas mainly through Israel Discount Bank of New York, Discount BankLatin America (Uruguay), Israel Discount Bank (Switzerland), and the Bank's branch in London. The Bankhas representative offices in Paris, Berlin, Buenos Aires, Santiago, and Sao Paulo.BoeingWith a heritage that mirrors the first 100 years of flight, the Boeing Company provides products and servicesto customers in 145 countries. Boeing has been the premier manufacturer of commercial jetliners for morethan 40 years and is a global market leader in military aircraft, satellites, missile defense, human space flight,and launch systems and services. Total company revenues for 2006 were $62 billion.First International Bank of Israel (FIBI)First International Bank of Israel (FIBI) is Israel’s fifth largest banking group. FIBI provides its clients with a fullrange of financial services including credit, deposits, securities, foreign exchange, financial derivatives,international trade, mortgages, portfolio management, underwriting and leasing. FIBI places the customer atthe center of its activities, leading to an overall focus on excellent customer service. FIBI group has 157offices and branches in Israel, including those of its three main banking subsidiaries in Israel: Bank OtsarHahayal –a bank that focuses on the household segment and serves customers from the security force; BankPoaley Agudat Israel (PAGI) - a commercial bank which continues to broaden its customer base and numberof branches serving the ultra-orthodox community; UBank –a bank that specializes in private banking, capitalmarkets and asset management. In September 2007, FIBI implemented an agreement with Bank Hapoalimfor the purchase of Hapoalim’s control in Bank Massad, a bank that serves the teaching profession, thetransaction is expected to be completed shortly. FIBI also operates two overseas subsidiaries: FIBI Bank (UK)in London and FIBI Bank (Switzerland) in Zurich.RaytheonRaytheon is a global leader in technology–driven solutions, providing customers with integrated missionsystems. Raytheon provides integrated mission systems to meet the critical defense and non–defense needsof its customers. Raytheon is an industry leader in defense and government electronics, space andinformation technology. Raytheon’s 2005 sales summed up to $21.9 billion, it has more than 80,000employees worldwide, and its headquarters are based in Waltham, Massachusetts. Raytheon’s “Super Rep”in Israel is "Del-Ta systems" LLP, which is the central point of contact for all Israeli customers. For additionalinformation: www.raytheon.comorangePartner Communications Company Ltd. is a leading cellular operator in Israel well known for its leadership intechnology innovation, marketing creativity and personal approach to its customers.Partner has been operating in Israel under the orange brand since 1999. The orange brand is currentlyoperated in 17 countries worldwide and serves approximately 70 million customers.In Israel, orange serves 2.796 million customers (as of September 30,2007) offering a wide variety of plans,advanced services, a high quality customer service and the largest content portal in Israel.orange has been chosen several times as the number one brand in the Israeli telecom market and as aleading brand in customer service.Riwal (Israel)“Riwal (Israel)” is the Israeli branch of the worldwide Riwal Company, and represents the Dutch parentcompany, considered as one of Europe’s leading companies in the field of solution for aerial work. “Riwal(Israel)” also represents Hovago, one of the world’s ten largest crane companies.In addition, “Riwal (Israel)” is the representative of JLG, the world's leading producer of aerial work platforms,and Terex-Demag – crane manufacturers.“Riwal (Israel)” is prepared to offer complete solutions and full support on worksites including the supply andoperation of cranes, scissor lifts and other mechanical equipment. “Riwal (Israel)” supplies the construction,general, security and energy industries with varied solutions at the very highest of standards.55

Lockheed MartinHeadquartered in Bethesda, Md., Lockheed Martin employs about 140,000 people worldwide and isprincipally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacturing, integration and sustainment ofadvanced technology systems, products and services. The corporation reported 2006 sales of $39.6 billion.For additional information: www.lockheedmartin.comSiemens (Israel)Siemens AG - Siemens Company is a global powerhouse in electronics and electrical engineering, operatingin the industry, energy and healthcare sectors. The company has around 400,000 employees (in continuingoperations) working to develop and manufacture products, design and install complex systems and projects,and tailor a wide range of solutions for individual requirements. For over 160 years, Siemens has stood fortechnical achievements, innovation, quality, reliability and internationality.Siemens Israel Ltd. - Siemens Israel is a subsidiary of Siemens AG and is mainly active in the fields ofEnergy, Automation and Control, Mobility and Healthcare. The Company combines the tradition, quality andcapabilities of Siemens brand which have been accumulated for more than 160 years together with the localknowledge and requirements of the Israeli market. Siemens Israel, headed by Oren Ahronson, currently hasabout 200 employees.SponsorsEilat-Ashkelon Pipeline Company Ltd. (EAPC)EAPC deals with handling, storage and the transit of crude oil to the domestic and international markets.Furthermore, EAPC deals with handling, storage and the distribution of oil products and LPG. EAPC operatesoil ports and oil terminals in Eilat and Ashkelon and owns pipeline infrastructures throughout Israel.Dexia Israel (Public Finance) Bank Ltd.Dexia Israel (Public Finance) Bank Ltd. (formerly Otzar Hashilton Hamekomi) is of an AA rating, and part ofthe international Dexia Group, which is a worldwide leader in the public sector finance. (The balance sheet isapprox. 584 billion €, international rating of main entities: AA-AAA)They specialize in: Providing banking and credit services to the municipal sector, financing infrastructureprojects for public and private companies working with the wide public sector, in Israel and in over 30countries around the world. Moreover, they have a substantial scope of activity in the capital market.NDS Technologies Israel Ltd.The NDS Group, a majority owned subsidiary of News Corporation, supplies open end-to-end digitaltechnology and services to digital pay-television platform operators and content providers. For additionalinformation: www.nds.comShlomo Sixt GroupThe Shlomo Sixt Group is the leading vehicle group in its field in the Israeli market. The group provides awide range of vehicle services, including car rental, leasing, car sales, maintenance, repairs and roadsideservice and general insurance. Shlomo Sixt represents the international Sixt Group, one of the world's largestvehicle rental companies. The Group has a combined fleet of 60,000 vehicles and includes severalcompanies providing a large number of services in the automotive field. The Group includes Shlomo Sixt CarRental, offering comprehensive rental services in Israel and around the world; New Kopel Sixt Holdings, apublic company traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange which includes New Kopel Sixt Leasing, which holds30% of the leasing market in Israel; New Kopel Sixt Vehicle Sales, the sales arm for all of the group's rentaland operational leasing vehicles from first hand owners; and New Kopel CAL, which offers private leasing. Inaddition, the group includes Shlomo Sixt Road Services and Garages, the largest repair and bodyworkservice center in the country, and the second largest roadside services company in Israel. Recently, a newinsurance company has been added to the Shlomo Sixt Group, New Kopel Insurance, which began operatingin January 2008. The New Kopel Insurance will first begin with providing general insurance, and will growconsiderably, aspiring to be one of the top five leading Israeli insurance companies in the next five years. Foradditional information: www.shlomo.co.il.MikalAn International defence group, established in 1998, focused in ground systems and products. The group iscomposed of 20 companies located in Israel, USA, Europe, India and Africa, organized in 3 divisions –Soltam, ITL Optronics & Saymar. Ranges of technologis include electro-optics, laser, ordnance, protection,3D, weapon systems and C 2 I.The Central Bottling Company Ltd.United States Embassy, Tel Aviv, Public Affairs Office56

B. Yair Building Corporation Ltd.B. Yair – Building Corporation Ltd, owned by the developers Yossi and Yair Biton, is one of Israel's leadingand largest construction companies, and the largest in Jerusalem. The corporation was founded in 1988, anddeals with initiating and constructing real estate projects, among them residential neighborhoods, housingunits, rural construction, and commercial projects.B. Yair is constructing its flagship project, the "MISHKENOT HA'UMA" complex, in the most luxurious area ofJerusalem - in close proximity to the city entrance, near the Knesset and the Supreme Court. This complexoffers its inhabitants a combination of prestigious apartments, style and high quality of life.In 2006, B.Yair started its international activity through its subsidiary Sidi Investments Kft, and the company iscurrently building thousands of residential, public and commercial buildings.RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. develops and produces state-of-the-art armaments for the IsraelDefense Forces (IDF) and Israel's defense system, while deriving its economic strength from internationalsales. The company provides innovative solutions on the technological cutting edge from underwater, naval,land and air through space systems.Ampa GroupEstablished in 1993, the Ampa Group today is active in a range of areas: Financial services – a wide varietyof non-banking financing solutions for the business and household sectors. Real estate – investments inyielding real estate, initiating, developing, building and marketing of projects. Industry – manufacture of avariety of plastic packaging products for food and beverages, pharmaceutical and chemical industries in Israeland overseas. Consumer products – the development, production and marketing of consumer products inIsrael and abroad, including air conditioners, GPS systems and bath accessories. Household services –provision of service and guarantee for consumer products and ancillary services.Additional information may be found on our website: www.ampa.co.ilCooperating OrganizationsThe Municipality of HerzliyaIDF Radio93.9 FM Northern Galilee96.6 FM Jerusalem and environs100.7 FM Mitzpe Ramon102.3 FM Haifa and Beer Sheba and environs104 FM Central Israel and EilatIfat GroupIfat Group is Israel’s leading information center. Operating since 1947 and a member of the InternationalAssociation of Information and Media Companies (FIBEP), Ifat Group has a staff of over 280 skilled workers,employed in the following group companies: Ifat Media Information, Ifat Advertising Monitoring, Ifat AdvancedMedia Analysis, Ifat On Disc, Ifat Tenders, Dekel Ifat and Ifat Mivzakei Shilton.The Israel Postal CompanyThe Israel Postal Company stands at the top of the Israeli marketplace, providing a variety of services to thepublic via its skilled and knowledgeable staff, using advanced technology to improve the services and workmethods. The Postal Company has the largest deployment of service units throughout Israel.In addition to a full range of mail services the company offers postal banking services, messenger services,logistics and state of the art on-line services.The Israel Postal Company provides universal service to the general population under the motto "Fromeveryone, to everyone, everywhere, everyday, and at an equal price to all".The Daniel HotelThe Daniel Hotel is numbered among Israel’s leading hotels in the corporate sector, with a wealth ofexperience in organizing conferences and seminars. The Daniel Hotel complex includes the Shizen LifestyleSpa Resort, designed in the spirit of the Far East.Tamares Hotel Group operates an additional hotel in the Dead Sea resort area: the Daniel Dead Sea. Foradditional information: www.tamareshotels.co.il57

Federman & Sons (Holdings) Ltd.The group is fully owned by Mr. Shali Federman (ex-“Elite” partner) and deals in agricultural inputs (fertilizers)and food products (roasted coffee). In the food business, the group controls “Landwer Coffee Ltd.”, the oldestlocal coffee roaster. In recent years, the company upgraded its production facilities and deepened itsinvolvement not only in the retail sector but also in Horeca (hotels, restaurants, cafes). The group managesand distributes high quality international brands such as "Illy" Espresso, "Rombouts" Filter coffee, and"Landwer" Espresso and Turkish coffee.The Israel Hotel Association (IHA)The Israel Hotel Association (IHA) is the umbrella organization for Israel's hotels and also represents them. Itacts to promote, develop and expand tourism in Israel and to offer assistance in raising the hotels' levels ofprofessionalism.The Zionist Council in IsraelThe Zionist Association of Israel is an Israeli Zionist movement and an arm of the World Zionist Congress inIsrael. The mission of the Israel Zionist Association is to strengthen the Jewish-Zionist identity of Israel.The thrust of its activities deals with the leadership development and involvement of youth in social andZionist action. The Zionist Association includes a National Youth Organization called ‘Tzameret’, whichprepares youth for the army, offers Zionist education workshops, seminars, panel discussions andeducational forums which take place in numerous schools throughout the country.58