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SPIEEP: End of Project Reportchan ga (Coptis quinquesecta). Both species are Red Data Book species and extremelyrare in Vietnam. After the success of the first year, it was decided to expand the types ofplants grown by the farmers. Criteria for these medicinal plants focussed more on theconservation value of the species (additional information on local scarcity provided byfarmers), stockplant/seed availability, and value on the market in both Sa Pa and Hanoi.With farmers growing high income crops, setting aside a small amount of land for rarespecies is a small issue. The high income buffers any low income resulting from growingthe rarer species. Were there to be no high income, there would be little incentive to growlow income plants sustainably. Introducing rare species aimed to increase theconservation aspect of the project. See box 13 for second year species selection.Box 13. Second year species• Ngu gia bi gai - Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Merr. (Araliaceae)• Si to - Valeriana jatamansi Jones (Valerianaceae)• Ha thu o do – Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson. (Polygonaceae)• Dai Ke - Cirsium japonicum DC (Asteraceae)• Dang Sam - Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook. f. (Campanulaceae)All the above species bar Si to and Dai ke are Vietnam Red Data species. Si to and Dai ke, whilenot in this list, are becoming increasingly rare in Vietnam.Ngu gia bi gai sets fruit in mid- to lateNovember in Sa Pa3.2.3.2 Market ResearchMarket research was conducted in September 2001 and September 2002. Timing waschosen according to harvesting and planting i.e. for most (annual) species, harvestingoccurs over the summer months (June to August); this will ensure, or at least increase thelikelihood of, presence of any one species in the market in September. Costs in themonths post- harvesting and pre-planting (September – December for the majority ofannuals) are also likely, to some extent, to dictate farmers’ preferences for the followingyears crops. Results for medicinal plant species, based on those on the market in Sa Pa inSeptember of 2001 and 2002, are given in appendix 10.Frontier Vietnam Environment Research Report 23 19
SPIEEP: End of Project ReportBox 14. Factors affecting medicinalplant value (see appendix 9 for moredetail)Individual prices for species are dependent on a combinationof factors. The price for any one medicinal plant productmay include some or all of the following points:• Annual, biennial or perennial• Plant part used• Plant availability• Availability of alternatives• Effect/efficacy• Marketing strategy• Availability of markets• Quality• DemandIt is very difficult to make firm conclusions or strong correlations based on only twoindividual market surveys; however, through discussions with local medicinal plantvendors and the Medicinal Plants Centre, Sa Pa (Nguyen Van Mai pers.com.) certainbroad patterns can be ascertained (though the factors given in box 14 regarding speciesprices must also be taken into account). Note, however, that the following trends are verygeneral and individual price fluctuations may or may not conform to these patterns.1. Hanoi prices are lower than those in Sa Pa: the general indication is of medicinalplant relative abundance in Hanoi and/or higher demand for species/products inHanoi. Hanoi prices are higher than those in Sa Pa: medicinal plant relativeabundance in Sa Pa and/or lower demand in Hanoi.2. Higher price (Sa Pa) in 2002 compared to that of 2001: relative rarity ofspecies/product (and possible alternatives) in Sa Pa. It may be that an increase indemand for Sa Pa species from external markets can either raise or lower the pricedepending on the species/product (and factors outlined above).3. Higher price (Hanoi) in 2002 compared to that of 2001: relative rarity ofspecies/products (and possible alternatives) in the region (e.g. northern Vietnam)as a whole. Similar to Sa Pa, demand may also play a part in dictating marketprice.4. Hanoi prices are higher than those in Sa Pa: medicinal plant relative abundance inSa Pa and/or lower demand in Hanoi.For further information on Red Data Book species, and the influences of ‘rarity’ and‘value-added demand’ on medicinal plant market prices, please refer to appendix 11.Frontier Vietnam Environment Research Report 23 20
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