Effects of Fulvic and Humic acid on Anthocyanin, soluble Sugar ...

Intl. Res. J. Appl. Basic. Sci. Vol., 3 (5), 924-929, 2012the use <strong>of</strong> <strong>Fulvic</strong> <strong>acid</strong> in Hoagl<strong>and</strong> solution increased the uptake <strong>of</strong> iron, zinc, copper <strong>and</strong> manganese incucumber. The highest amount <strong>of</strong> zinc in the plant was observed in one percent concentration <strong>of</strong> fulvic <strong>acid</strong>, insoaking method <strong>and</strong> the lowest was in spraying method at 1 per thous<strong>and</strong> concentrations. Between treatments,only the main effects <strong>of</strong> application method <strong>and</strong> its interactions with concentration were significant. Theconcentration <strong>of</strong> zinc in plant in soaking method was more than spraying method <strong>and</strong> in humic <strong>acid</strong> was alsomore than fulvic <strong>acid</strong>. Mackowiak et al (2001) reported that humic <strong>acid</strong> increased the availability <strong>of</strong> Fe <strong>and</strong> zinc indurum wheat cultivation. Nielsen <strong>and</strong> et al (1999) reported that spraying 2 to 4 times by the Zn-fulvate chelateincreased Zn in the fruit <strong>and</strong> leaves <strong>of</strong> apple trees significantly. <strong>Fulvic</strong> <strong>acid</strong> is able to complex Fe <strong>and</strong> zincelements, resulting in increased uptake by the plant, which is consistent with the results <strong>of</strong> these experiments.Table 4. Effect <strong>of</strong> fertiliser treatments on lilium qualities.resourcesZn Fe SolubleSugarAnthocyanin -AmylaseEnzymemg/Kg %Cont 44.6 ± 0.75abc 101.7± 1.9 b 0.41 ± 0.02 e 0.61 ±0.03 bc 4.76 ± 0.06 abcHB1 47.4 ± 3.8 abc 100.9 ± 2.7 b 1.16 ±0.06 a 0.64± 0.03 ab 5.24 ± 0.19 aHB2 49.1 ±3.3 ab 102.6 ± 2.8 b 0.78 ±0.02 b 0.11 ± 0.01 e 5.32 ± 0.12 aHM1 44.9± 2.6 abc 107.6 ± 2.7 ab 0.41 ± 0.03 e 0.47 ±0.01 d 4.75± 0.21 abcHM2 42.3 ± 0.8 bc 118.2 ± 0.8 a 0.57± 0.01 cd 0.74 ± 0.05 a 4.01±0.13 cFB1 46.8 ± 1.9 abc 112 ± 2.5 ab 0.65 ±0.02 c 0.51 ± 0.02 cd 5.15 ± 0.56 abFB2 49.8 ± 3.6 a 108.8 ± 2.4 ab 0.49± 0.02 de 0.56±0.02 bcd 4.93±0.27 abFM1 40.1 ± 1.9 cd 119.4 ±9.3 a 0.25 ± 0.01 f 0.75 ± 0.03 a 4.37 ±0.24 bcFM2 35.18 ± 1.2 d 97.6 ± 6.7 b 0.22 ± 0.06 f 0.48± 0.02 d 4.38 ±0.24 bcIn a column <strong>and</strong> each treatment means followed by a common letter are not significantly different at the5% levelWith increasing in leaf sugar levels, the anthocyanin also increases too (Table 4).In spraying method, humic <strong>acid</strong> at high concentration was efficient for increasing anthocyanin content inlilium petals but it was opposite in fulvic <strong>acid</strong>. The main effects <strong>and</strong> its interaction in different treatments onsoluble sugar <strong>and</strong> anthocyanins concentration were statistically significant. Theunissen <strong>and</strong> et al (2010) reportedthat the use <strong>of</strong> vermicompost due to its large amounts <strong>of</strong> humic can cause the synthesis <strong>of</strong> phenolic compoundssuch as flavonoids <strong>and</strong> anthocyanins in vegetables. Saeedi (2001) reported that vermicompost increased theamount <strong>of</strong> anthocyanin in Lilium flowers.. Haas (1977) reported that sugar is produced by breaking the starch inthe leaves <strong>and</strong> Anthocyanins will also increases with increasing glucose levels. Badr <strong>and</strong> et al (2003) reportedthat starch is decomposed into smaller units due to cell metabolism, resulting in the accumulation <strong>of</strong> solublesugars in the cell.ConclusionNowadays the use <strong>of</strong> humic substances for increasing plants qualities <strong>and</strong> quantites is very popular .Itsnecessity in soilless culture <strong>and</strong> soil with low organic matter is obvious. Ornamental plants have economicvalues for farmers but each year's low qualities <strong>of</strong> flowers causes their income became lower markedly. In thisstudy, humic <strong>and</strong> fulvic <strong>acid</strong>s significantly increased the amount <strong>of</strong> anthocyanin in lilium flowers. The reason forthe increase in soluble sugars <strong>and</strong> -amylase enzyme was increasing the amounts <strong>of</strong> anthocyanin levels in thedifferent treatments <strong>of</strong> experiment. We found that soaking method is more effective on nutrient uptake, solublesugar <strong>and</strong> -Amylase Enzyme than spraying method but the intensity color <strong>of</strong> lilium petals in spraying methodwas higher than soaking method. <strong>Effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> humic <strong>and</strong> fulvic <strong>acid</strong> on Fe <strong>and</strong> Zn uptake <strong>and</strong> -AmylaseEnzyme was the same , in this case the fulvic <strong>acid</strong> had a greater impact on flowers color than humic <strong>acid</strong>. <strong>Humic</strong><strong>acid</strong> at high concentration <strong>and</strong> fulvic <strong>acid</strong> at low concentration were effective for improving lilium qualities. <strong>Humic</strong>substances have reducing effects on biotic <strong>and</strong> abiotic stresses in agricultural plants. Anthocyanin levels in astress condition will increase too. In this case, humic substances will help plants to over came stresses. Innature there are many kinds <strong>of</strong> humic substances with different properties. For better underst<strong>and</strong>ing its effectson plants, more research is needed.

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