SANTIKA PUB FIRE

Santika Pub Fire Incident March 11, 2009Mezzanine LayoutGround Floor LayoutSub-Basement LayoutMarch 11,2009 4Front ViewSide ViewMarch 11,2009 5Annealed Glassw/ Steel BarAnnealedGlass w/ filmTemper GlassMarch 11,2009 6Pichaya Chantranuwat 2

Santika Pub Fire Incident March 11, 2009• InteriorDesignBefore• AftermathMarch 11,2009 7Insulation Cellulose-like Product• CombustibleMaterialunder MetalSheetRoofing• LargeSurface wasto contributethe firespreadpotential• Suspected itwas the 1 stFuel PackageMarch 11,2009 15POLYSTYRENE FLEXIBLE FOAM• Called “Solid Gasoline”(heat of combustion ~40 kg/J)• Using for acousticsound or thermalinsulation• Easily to ignite (390 o C)and to spread (120 o C)March 11,2009 16Pichaya Chantranuwat 3

Santika Pub Fire Incident March 11, 2009POLYURETHANE FLEXIBLE FOAM• Called “Solid Gasoline”(heat of combustion~ 30 kg/J)• Using for acousticsound or thermalinsulation• Easily to ignite (280 o C)and spread (105 o C)March 11,2009 17FIBER GLASS RESIN• Called “Solid Gasoline” (heat of combustion ~ 30 kg/J)• Using for acoustic sound or thermal insulation• Easily to ignite (390 o C) and to spread (80 o C)March 11,2009 18GROUND FLOOR- Dance Hall – 306 SQM- VIP Lounge – 109 SQMSUB BASEMENT- Rest Rooms/Male&FemaleMarch 11,2009 19Pichaya Chantranuwat 4

Santika Pub Fire Incident March 11, 2009MEZZANINE-Dance Hall – 236 SQMwith 2 stairs to Ground- VIP Lounge – 19 SQMwith 1 stairs to GroundMarch 11,2009 20EXIT 4Dance Hall3ExitsEXIT 3TotalSpace542SQMEXIT 2EXIT 1VIP Lounge1ExitMarch 11,2009 21EXIT 1 – Clear Width 2.18 Meter, Dance HallMarch 11,2009 22Pichaya Chantranuwat 5

Santika Pub Fire Incident March 11, 2009EXIT 2 – Clear Width 0.83 Meter , Dance HallMarch 11,2009 23March 11,2009 24EXIT 3 – Clear Width 1.20 Meter (narrowest) , Dance HallEXIT 4 – Clear Width0.90 Meter, VIP LoungeMarch 11,2009 25Pichaya Chantranuwat 6

Santika Pub Fire Incident March 11, 2009Exit Capacity Standard: EIT 3002-51AssemblyGeneral Building5 mm/p• Width of corridors, stairs,doors shall be proportionalto no. of occupants (p)Health Carew/o SprinklerHigh Risk8 mm/p13 mm/p10 mm/p10 mm/p8 mm/p15 mm/p18 mm/pMarch 11,2009 26Exit Capacity Calculation – Dance HallDance HallEXIT 1EXIT 2EXIT 3Width (mm)21808301200Exit Capacity (p)272103150525 >>>>> 408So, 272 = 2/3 of maximum occupants (Moc)Moc = 272x3/2 = 408 persons (p)March 11,2009 27Fatality- Fire Death at theFire Scene was 55and Hospital was 11- Total = 66 Dead- Female – 36, Male - 30- Injury ~ 229ทางออกขางเวที3บันไดเสนทางเดินออก6 32ทางเขา-ออกหลัก 8 บูธดีเจ6 บารเครื่องดื่มMarch 11,2009 28Pichaya Chantranuwat 7

Santika Pub Fire Incident March 11, 2009ลําดับที่ เหตุการณเพลิงไหม วันเดือนป คศ. จํานวนผูเสียชีวิต1 Iroquois Theater, Chicago, IL December 30, 1903 6022 Cocoanut Grove nightclub, Boston, MA November 28, 1942 4923 Conway's Theater, Brooklyn, NY December 5, 1876 2854 Rhythm Club dance hall, Nathez, MS April 23, 1940 2075 Rhodes Opera House, Boyerton, PA January 12, 1908 1706Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Baileycircus tent, Hartford, CTJuly 6, 1944 1687 Beverly Hills Supper Club, Southgate, KY May 28, 1977 1658 The Station nightclub, W. Warwick, RI February 20, 2003 1009 Happy Land Social Club, Bronx, NY March 25, 1990 8710 Richmond Theater, Richmond, VA December 26, 1811 72March 11,2009 29ลําดับที่ เหตุการณเพลิงไหม วันเดือนป คศ. จํานวนผูเสียชีวิต1Disco/dance hall, Luoyang, China. (Firebegan elsewhere in shopping plaza and December 25, 2000 309spread to disco.)2Cromagnon Republic club, Buenos Aires,ArgentinaDecember 30, 2004 1803Ozone Disco Club, Quezon City,PhilippinesMarch 18, 1996 1604 Club Cinq, St. Laurent du Pont, France November 20, 1971 1435 Alcala 20 disco, Madrid, Spain December 17, 1983 816 Santika Pub, Bangkok, Thailand January 1, 2009 667Weierkang Club, Taichung, Taiwan.(Three-story nightclub, restaurant, and February 15, 1995 64karaoke bar)8 Disco/dance hall, Gothenburg, Sweden October 28, 1998 639Saigon International Trade Center, Ho ChiMinh City, Vietnam (All or nearly alldeaths at wedding reception in restaurant October 30, 2002 61located in same building as disco where firebegan.)March 11,2009 10Karaoke club, Urumqi, Xinjiang province,ChinaApril 25, 1995 5130Exhaust VentingAir entrainmentAir entrainmentPartial CollapseMarch 11,2009 of the metal sheet roof became a natural31venting of the accumulated toxic gas/smoke/heat.Pichaya Chantranuwat 8

Santika Pub Fire Incident March 11, 2009Timeline – January 1, 2009• 00.15 Fire Started• 00.20 Police Station Received a Call• 00.40 Central Fire Station Received theFire Information and Radio to Local FireStations• 00.48 The 1 st Fire Engine Arrived at FireScene• 01.15 The Fire was Under Control• 01.30 The Fire Was ExtinguishedMarch 11,2009 32Traffic Jam@Fire SceneMarch 11,2009 33Emergency MedicalOperation@Fire Scene- Basic Life Support- Advance Life SupportMarch 11,2009 34Pichaya Chantranuwat 9

Santika Pub Fire Incident March 11, 2009LESSON LEARN – 1 st Priority• Do Not Use Improper Pyrotechnic/SpecialEffects• Limit No. of Occupants in the Dance Hall or Pubwith 1 Person per 1 SQM• Promote Hotline Call for Fire No. “199”• Train Pub’s Staffs, How to Lead the Large No.of People to Exits• Do Not Move all Guest Cars Out of Fire Scene• Enforce to Regularly Inspect all BuildingsMarch 11,2009 35LESSON LEARN – Long Term• Issue the Building Code, Related to DanceHall/Pub• Establish National Fire Safety Institute and FireTesting Institute• Establish Database of Fire Incidents• Improve Building Inspection Law to be MorePractical• Establish a Prototype of Fire Station andInterconnection between Buildings and FireStationMarch 11,2009 36LESSON LEARN – EngineeringStandard to be Improved• Wider all Exits and Main Entrance is Required,More Allowable No. of Occupants• More No. of Exits is Required, More Allowable No.of Occupants• Although the Area is Small, It Still Requires FireExits and Emergency Lights• Sprinkler and Smoke Vent is Required, when theArea exceeds 500 SQM• Control and Limit Improper Materials• Fire Resistance Rating is Required for theBuilding StructuresMarch 11,2009 37Pichaya Chantranuwat 10