From the Lagos Plan of Action (LPA) - DPMF.org

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20 DPMF Occasional Paper No. 13(e) Its vision of democracy is defined by the needs of creating afunctional market;(f) It under-emphasises the external conditions fundamental toAfrica’s development crisis, thereby not offering any meaningfulmeasure to manage and restrict the effects of this environment onAfrica’s development efforts. On the contrary, the engagementthat it seeks with institutions and processes like the World Bank,the IMF, the WTO, the United States’ Africa Growth andOpportunity Act (AGOA) and the Cotonou Agreement will furtherlock African economies disadvantageously into this environment;(g) The means for mobilisation of resources will further thedisintegration of African economies witnessed as a result ofstructural adjustment and WTO rules.And the African scholars having made such a substantive critique ofNEPAD, proceed to list strategies and policies which need to be pursuedby African Governments in place of those suggested by NEPAD. Whatthese scholars are calling for is essentially contrary to the fundamentalphilosophy and assumption behind NEPAD, and includes, for example:(i)With regard to the external environment, stabilisation ofcommodity prices, reform of the international financial system(to prevent debt, exchange rate instability and capital flowvolatility), as well as of the WB and IMF, an end to IMF/WBstructural adjustment, fundamental changes in the existingagreements of the WTO regime, etc.(ii) At the local, national and sub-regional levels, developmentpolicy must promote, protect and support agriculture, industryand services, including health and public education – throughtrade, investment and macro-economic policy measures. Afinancing strategy must seek to mobilise and build on internaland intra-African resources through imaginative savingsmeasures, reallocation of expenditures away from wasteful andunproductive areas such as military expenditure and corruption.(iii) These measures require, above all, the reconstitution of thedevelopmental state: a state for which social equity, social
Abdalla Bujra. Pan-African Visions of Development 21inclusion, national unity and respect for human rights form thebasis of economic policy 16 .It is clear that the African scholars were not only critical of NEPAD buthad definite alternative ideas (such as those mentioned above and otherswhich have not been listed). And these ideas are a repeat of those in theLPA, some twenty years after its first articulation and by a youngergeneration of African scholars. Ironically, many of the younger scholarswho attended the Accra Conference and came up with the abovedeclaration may not even have seen the Lagos Plan of Action!3. The External Visions3.1. Colonial Visions at IndependenceSince the colonisation of the continent, externals have had the upper handin all matters to do with the economies of African countries. In the firstplace, the colonial powers laid down the modern economic structures ofAfrican countries. At the beginning, half way and towards the end of thecolonial period, African economies were specifically designed to benefitmetropolitan countries. This was irrespective of whether the resource baseof a given African country was mineral resources, agriculture, land to bepopulated by colonial settlers or a combination of any of these resources.The result was the same i.e. an African economy that was outwardoriented to suit the needs of metropolitan countries.At independence, politically independent African countries foundthemselves tied to the metropolitan economies and the internationaleconomic system which former colonial powers and their allies – westernEuropean countries and North America (USA and Canada) – dominated.This, essentially meant that almost all technologies and industrial productsof all kinds were produced in the Western countries that had a monopolyover these and set prices for African buyers.In addition, the West controlled most of the small industries they hadstarted in African countries, including companies engaged in theexploitation of mineral resources. They controlled commodity markets and16 CODESRIA-TWN Africa Declaration on the Challenges facing Africa, Accra, April2002.
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From the Lagos Plan of Action (LPA) - DPMF.org

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