Housing & Community Development Plan - York County Planning ...

York CountyHousing & CommunityDevelopment Plan

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

YORK COUNTYHOUSING AND COMMUNITYDEVELOPMENT PLANANDCONSOLIDATED PLANFOR YORK COUNTY, PA2010-2014York County Planning Commission28 E. Market Street, York, PA 17401www.ycpc.orgAugust 2009

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Table of ContentsPageExecutive Summary - York County Housing and Community Development Plannd 2010 a Action Plan.....................................1Authorizing ResolutionPart I: Setting the StageChapter 1 -Background. ...................................................1 7Chapter 2 - General Characteristics of York County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3Part II: The Housing PlanChapter 1 - General Introduction to the Housing Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9Chapter 2 -Housing Supply.................................................4 1Chapter 3 -Housing Trends.................................................6 7Chapter 4 - Demand for and Cost of Housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9Chapter 5 -Needs Assessment..............................................103Chapter 6 - Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Chapter 7 - Housing Related Services to Non-Homeless Persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Chapter 8 -Housing Strategies..............................................155Part III: Neighborhood Conservation and EnhancementChapter 1 -Introduction...................................................181Chapter 2 - Existing Neighborhood Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183Chapter 3 - Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Part VI: Community Development PlanChapter 1 - General Introduction to the Community Development Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211Chapter 2 - Community Development Needs Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Chapter 3 - Community Development Identification of Priority Needs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Chapter 4 - Strategy to Address Community Development Priority Needs. . . . . . . . . . . . 231Part V: Bringing It All TogetherChapter 1 - Unified Countywide Strategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Chapter 2 -Coordination and Monitoring. ....................................253AppendixRelated Plans and Studies

List of FiguresPageFigure 1 - York County Population, 1900-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4Figure 2 -Racial Composition, 2005-2007.........................................2 7Figure 3 - Land Use by Acre, York County, 1996-2009.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5Figure 4 - Total Housing Units, York County, 1950-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1Figure 5 - New Residential Construction Permits, 2000-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5Figure 6 - Population Density, York County, 1950-2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6Figure 7 - Housing Density, York County, 1950-2008.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7Figure 8 - Broad Park Manor, York Housing Authority. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 9Figure 9 - Village Court Apartments, Dover Borough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4Figure 10 - Stony Brook Gardens, Springettsbury Township. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6Figure 11 - Shelley School Apartments, West York Borough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8Figure12 -Dutch Kitchen SRO, York City.........................................5 9Figure 13 - Median Age, York County, 1950-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7Figure 14 - Age Distribution, York County, 2000-2007.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8Figure15 -Age Projections, 2010-2030............................................6 8Figure 16 - Median Household & Per Capita Income, York County, 1990-2007.. . . . . . . . . . . . 6 9Figure 17 - Occupational Employment & Wage Estimates, 2003 and 2008.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 0Figure 18 - Monthly Unemployment Rate, York County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2Figure19 -Travel Time to Work.................................................7 6Figure20 -Exit 18, Interstate 83..................................................7 6Figure 21 - Residential Subdivision, York County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8Figure 22 - Housing Units by Type, York County, 1990-2007.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9Figure 23 - Median Home Sale Price, 1998-2008.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Figure 24 - Fair Market Rents, York County, 2004-2008.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3Figure 25 -www.recovery.gov...................................................9 4Figure 26 - Value of Owner-occupied Housing Units, York County, 2005-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5Figure27 -Point-in-Time Volunteers.............................................141Figure28 -York County Housing Summit.........................................142Figure29 -Number of Rooms, 1990-2007.........................................185

List of MapsPageMap 1 - York County 2000 Minority Households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6Map 2 -2000 Low/Moderate Income Areas. .....................................3 2Map 3 -2000 Households in Poverty............................................3 3Map 4 -Population Density by Municipality......................................4 8Map 5 -2000 Estimated Unemployment Rate.....................................7 3Map 6 - 2000 Inter-county Journey to Work Flow.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7Map 7 - Growth Management Map (12/10/2008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1Map 8 - York County Residential Development Activity, 1990-1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2Map 9 - York County Residential Development Activity, 1999-2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3Map 10 - York County Residential Development Activity, Large Subdivisions.. . . . . . . . . . . 8 4Map 11 -Age of Housing Stock. ..............................................185Map 12 -Substandard Housing Units. ..........................................186

List of TablesPageTable 1 - Minority Race Concentrations >or = County Average of 7.2%. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8Table 2 - Hispanic/Latino Concentrations > or = County Average of 3.0%. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8Table 3 - Concentrations of Low/Mod Income Residents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0Table 4 - Housing Units Added by Decade, 1950-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2Table 5 - Housing Units Added by Decade, Balance of County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2Table 6 - Total Housing Units, York County, 2000-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2Table 7 - Housing Units by Municipality, 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3Table 8 -Units in Structure, 2000...............................................4 4Table9 - New Residential Construction Permits and Total New Residential Units,York County, 2000-2007..............................................4 5Table 10 - Population Density by Municipality, Highs and Lows.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7Table 11 - Public Housing Restoration/Revitalization Needs, 2010-2013. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 9Table 12 - HOME Affordable Rental Developments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8Table 13 - Affordable Housing Developments of York County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0Table 14 - Sampling of Median Hourly Wage by Occupation, York-Hanover MSA. . . . . . . . . 7 1Table 15 -Unemployment Rate, York County. .....................................7 2Table 16 - Household Composition, 2005-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4Table 17 - New Construction, York County, 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8Table 18 - Selected Housing Characteristics, 2005-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6Table 19 - Housing Tenure, Three (3) Year Estimates, 2005-2007.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9Table 20 - Sampling of Advertised Rental Housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2Table 21 -Affordability Survey..................................................9 6Table 22 - Needs Identified at the York Housing Summit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Table 23 - York County Affordable Housing Waiting Lists (3/31/09). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Table 24 - Households with Housing Problems by Household Income, York County, 2007. . 114Table 25 - Housing Assistance Needs by Household Type, Income & Housing Problem,Balance of County. .................................................117Table 26 - Priory Housing Needs/HUD Table 2A.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Table 27 - Households in York County Experiencing a Housing Cost Burden/SevereCost Burden, 2005-2007..............................................125Table 28 - Overcrowded Households, 2005-2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

List of Tables (Continued)PageTable 29 -Support Facilities...................................................131Table 30 - Continuum of Care: Housing Gaps Analysis Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Table 31 - Continuum of Care: Homeless Populations & Subpopulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Table 32 - Fundamental Components In a Continuum of Care System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Table 33 -Homeless Goals....................................................172Table 34 - Priory Community Development Needs (Table 2B). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236Table 35 - Summary of Specific Housing/CD Objectives (Table 2C).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Table 36 -Institutional Structure................................................262

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Housing & Community Development PlanEXECUTIVE SUMMARYYork County Housing and Community Development PlanConsolidated Plan for York County, PAFISCAL YEARS 2010-2014Housing and a community development are multifaceted issues and have been addressed to varyingdegrees. In particular, the York County Consolidated Plan has addressed housing and communitydevelopment while the York County Comprehensive Plan has included components dealing withhousing and community facilities. This Plan is different because it is the result of a c ollaborativeeffort, joining the talents and maximizing the resources of the York County Planning Commissionto produce a joint Housing a nd Communi ty Deve lopment Plan for York County . It meets therequirements of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and thePennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (MPC ). It will guide the housing and communitydevelopment decisions of the County by developing specific housing and community developmentpolicies that will help to provide an adequate amount of housing, representing a broad spectrum ofhousing types, densities and price.This Plan (Consolidated Plan for York County) incorporates all Community Planning a ndDevelopment (CPD) planning and application materials for three (3) formula grant programs thatare a dministered b y th e U.S. D epartment o f H ousing a nd Ur ban D evelopment i nto a sin glesubmission do cument. Th e g rant p rograms i nclude Com munity De velopment B lock G rants(CDBG), HOME Investment Partnerships (HOME), and Emergency Shelter Grants (ESG). Byconsolidating the planning and submission requirements, the County is afforded a greater opportunityto coordinate housing and community development activities and to develop an effective strategyto combat existing problems and to revitalize deteriorating neighborhoods.The York County Housing and Community Development Plan consists of five (5) parts: Setting theStage (introduction), the Ho using Plan, Neig hborhood Conserva tion and Enhanc ement, theCommunity Development Plan and Bringing it All Together (unified Countywide strategies).• Part I provides general background, current conditions, review of related plans and studies anda discussion of the consultation process. Included in the general characteristics discussion is acommunity description, and presentation of data related to concentrations of racial and ethnicminorities, Hispanic/Latino households, and low/moderate income households.• Part II, the Housing Plan, examines the County’s housing supply, density, public housing andother loca l, State and F ederal-assisted housing inventory . Housing trends (de mographic,economic, house hold, migra tion/commuting, marke t prefe rences and housing ty pes) a reexplored. The demand for and cost of housing in the County is studied, including a samplingof advertised rents and average home sale costs. Barriers to affordable housing are identified.The Housing Nee ds Assessment includes nee ds i dentified fr om public meeting s, ag enciesproviding housing/support services, and by the York CountyHousing Summit. Needs identifiedby the Housing Authority are included, as are housing needs by categories of persons affected(renters/owners, ex tremely l ow, l ow, m oderate and ab ove 8 0% M FI). Ut ilizing aExecutive Summary 1

Housing & Community Development Planmodified CHAS, housing assistance needs by household type, income and housing problem arepresented for the balance of York County (not including York City). Projected and priorityhousing needs through 2014 were determined utilizing a methodology similar to that which wasused to modify the 2000 CHAS.Needs of Low and Moderate Income Individuals/Families: Overwhelmingly, the data revealedthat as household income decreases, housing problems significantly increase. For example, datashows th at th e hig hest p ercentage of ho useholds wi th h ousing pr oblems a re tho se wi thextremely-low income. I n 2007, there was a combined total of ove r 10,000 extremely lowincome renter and owner households that were experiencing a housing problem. This is furthersubstantiated by data from FIRST - Free Information and Reference System Teleline - a localUnited Way Agency, the Community Progress Council and the Housing Authority, all of whichreported that the majority of persons/families seeking information, referral, and/or assistance,with respect to housing problems, were of low/moderate income (households with incomes ofless than 80% of the median area income).Data also revealed that 67% of renters and 46% homeowners with low income (31-50% MFI)are experiencing a housing problem. While the percentage is lower for homeowners, almost halfthe low income homeowners were experiencing housing problems. Considering informationfrom local agencies, both the Community Progress Council of York and the Housing Authoritystated that the majority of persons/families requesting assistance were renters.Cost burden is also an issue formany households in York County. Based on data, 28.9% of thetotal renters in York County are cost burdened by 30-50% and 12.7% more than 50% costburdened. The issue becomes more pronounced for those with lower incomes. Almost 71% ofextremely low income renters are cost burdened 30-50%. The extremely low income householdsalso have the highest prevalence for cost burden of more than 50% (3,631 households).Based on information obtained from the Housing Authority, approximately 80% of the waitinglists for pu blic ho using an d Section 8 a ssistance was comprised o f extremely low incomehouseholds. T he Community Progress Council r eports that 69% o f the Rental Assistanceconsumers served in 2007-2008 were extremely low income.Needs of the Homeless/Near Homeless: As part of the housing needs assessment and analysis,the housing and support ser vice needs of the home less/near homeless, including victims ofdomestic violence, were specifically reviewed through the Central - Harrisburg (CH) RegionContinuum of Care Strategy, of which York County is a part.The Continuum of Care Strategy involved a“Gaps Analysis Survey” for 2009 and an unshelteredstreet enumeration conducted on February 4, 2009 to determine thenumber of homeless personsand families with children in need of emergency shelter, transitional housing, and supportivepermanent housing. Providers responding to the survey indicated that there were 75 individualsand 18 persons in f amilies with c hildren (57persons) requesting emergency shelter; 36individuals a nd 2 2 p ersons in f amilies w ith c hildren ( 71 p ersons) r equesting tr ansitionalhousing; plus 151 individuals requesting permanent supportive housing. The survey indicateda need for emergency shelter space, transitional and permanent supportive housing. Based on2Executive Summary

Housing & Community Development Planthe survey results, together with the input of the County Emergency Food and Shelter AdvisoryBoard, permanent supportive housing and tra nsitional housing wer e determined to be hi ghpriority needs for both individuals and persons in families with children. Emergency shelter wasclassified as a medium priority need for both groups.The “Gaps Analysis Survey” also identified homeless/near homeless subpopulations, as well assupportive service needs. Wi th respect to the subpopulations, victims of domestic violence ,chronic substance abusers, veterans and severely mentally ill were determined to have the highpriority needs. Overall, the need for access to and the use of an array of supportive services wasidentified as a high priority need in an effort to break the cycle of homelessness. In addition, thecurrent economic times and housing crisis have forced many into homelessness, creating a newdynamic of the homeless population in York County. ARRA funds will be used to address theseissues.Needs of Special Non-Homeless Persons: This Plan also reviewed the housing needs of specialnon-homeless g roups, inc luding tho se wh o a re el derly, f rail e lderly, s everely me ntally ill ,developmentally disabled, physically disabled, persons with alcohol/drug addiction, and personswith HIV/AIDS. Although there is no specific count of persons who fall within this category,the need to provide supportive housing and other services to such individuals/families is clearlyevident. T he p riority n eeds i dentified i n t he P lan ar e safe, decent, af fordable h ousing;specialized ser vices for families and c hildren; supportive housing (e.g . g roup homes, ca refacilities, SRO housing, boarding homes) that is integrated within residential neighborhoods; jobtraining/retraining; transportation; and drug /alcohol programs. The Local Housing OptionsTeam (LHOT) brings agencies and individuals together to identify housing needs and expandhousing opportunities for those with mental health disabilities and co-occurring disorders.Four (4) housing priority needs were identified: housing affordability, housing supply, housingsupportive services and housing c onditions. The strateg ies to meet ea ch of the se needs areaddressed by the establishment of specific goals and objectives. This section also addre ssesstrategies to address affordable housing/fair housing, as well as presents the County’s homeless,public housing, anti-poverty, and lead based paint hazards strategies.• Part I II, Ne ighborhood C onservation an d E nhancement, i s i ntended t o p rovide t he b ridgebetween the County’s housing plan and its community development plan. This part includesdiscussion o f a neighborhood and ne ighborhood conditions (housing, ne ighborhood andenvironmental fac tors. The County ’s Neig hborhood Conservation and Enhanc ement Planconsiders ho using re habilitation ( zoning, in fill d evelopment, c odes, ho me re novations,rehabilitation of substandard housing , homeowner ship) and neig hborhood protec tion andimprovement (incompatible land uses, redevelopment of brownfields, downtown revitalization,open space and community facilities, street trees, traffic/transportation system management,reduction of environmental risks).• Part IV is the Community Development Plan. The categories of community development arepresented and funding is discussed.Executive Summary 3

Housing & Community Development PlanCommunity Development Needs Assessment: The County used the Community DevelopmentNeeds As sessment S urvey, Public Se rvices N eeds As sessment S urvey, th e Yo rk Cou ntyComprehensive Plan, and comments received at public meetings and the York County HousingSummit to assess community development needs. The specific community development needshave been grouped together into five (5) needs categories, as discussed below.Public Facilities and Infrastructure Needs: The most significa nt community developmentneed, based the needs assessment is public facilities and infrastructure. Specific needs identifiedinclude, but are not limited to, youth centers, parks and recreation facilities, health facilities,senior centers, curb and sidewalk improvements, storm drainage facilities, street improvementsand public water/sewer improvements.Economic Development Needs: These needs focus on providing ba lance, such as pr ovidingworkforce development that addresses both employer and employee needs, encouraging nonresidentialdevelopment to serve the recent residential expansion, protecting the environmentwhile streamlining the development review processes and locating development in appropriateareas of the County. Specific needs identified include: commercial and industrial redevelopment,commercial and industrial infrastructure, jobs and tax base retention and development, trainingopportunities, public transportation and new business development.Public Service Needs: In addition to human service needs, the need to provide adequate and costeffective emergency services throughout the County, utilizing cooperative and regional solutions,was sited. Among the specific needs identified are: youth services, substance abuse services,mental health services, child care services, employment services and expanded public transit.Planning Needs: Planning ac tivities are another needs area. This e ntails the preparation ofvarious studies/plans that enable public officials to make informed decisions in areas affectinghousing a nd community viability. Planning ne eds i dentify include, but ar e not limited to,alternative energy and energy efficiency provisions, capital improvements plans, traffic impactfee ordinances and comprehensive plans.Other Needs: In addition to the specific c ategory needs listed above , the need for municipaloutreach, education and partnerships were cited most frequently in the needs assessment process.The C ommunity Development Priority Need Analysis and Strateg y Development evaluatescommunity development needs in the areas of public facilities and infrastructure, public services,planning, and economic development and sets forth the County’s plan or approach to addressthose needs. The County has identified pr iority needs in e ach category based on the NeedAssessment, however, specific priority need levels have not been established.The County’s Community Development Strategy is to acce pt applications for f unding frommunicipalities and nonprofit organizations that address their particular need or priority of thecommunity. The County then reviews the applications to make funding decisions, taking intoconsideration HUD guidelines regarding eligibility and national objectives, the need for theactivity based on the Community Development Needs Assessment and Analysis, ability toleverage other funds, par tnerships with other entities, and w hether the activity continues or4Executive Summary

Housing & Community Development Plancompletes an earlier activity. The County also takes geographic location into consideration asit seeks to provide assistance for community development activities County wide. The Countywill also sup port a pplications su bmitted to oth er e ntities th at in volve a ctivities to a ddresscommunity development needs.The goals of the community development strategy are to eliminate slums and blight, to preventblighting influences, to provide needed community facilities, and to eliminate conditions that aredetrimental to he alth, s afety, a nd we lfare. T he Cou nty a lso int ends to promote e conomicdevelopment in order to provide economic opportunities and employment, as well as to assistin providing ne w or incr eased levels of se rvice which support the e conomic and phy sicalredevelopment of the County's distressed and deteriorating neighborhoods whenever no othersource of funding is available. In each case, projects/activities that benefit low and moderateincome individuals/families, or that benefit neighborhoods/communities principally lived in bysuch persons, will be given the highest priority.• Part V, B ringing it All Tog ether, prese nts the unified county wide strategi es. This partsummarizes the County’s housing and community development objectives and presents unifiedstrategies including the York County Comprehensive Plan.YORK COUNTY 2010 ANNUAL ACTION PLANThe purpose of the Annual Action Plan is to prioritize goals for the ensuing year in an effort toaddress t he ob jectives a nd ou tcomes o utlined in the Yo rk Cou nty Ho using a nd Com munityDevelopment Plan, which serves as the 2010-2014 Consolidated Plan. The Annual Action Plan setsforth the specific projects and activities that will be undertaken in a given year to progress towardmeeting identified needs, goals, and objectives.Each year, upon Congressional approval, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development(HUD) allocates housing a nd community development f unds to York County through three (3)entitlement grant programs. These entitlement programs include the Community Development BlockGrant (CDBG) Program, the HOME I nvestment Partner ship Act (HOME) Prog ram, a nd theEmergency Shelter Grant (ESG) Program. The funds are administered by the York County PlanningCommission, Housing and Community Development Division, under the direction of the CountyCommissioners.For 2010, t he C ounty o f Y ork e stimates t hat i t w ill r eceive $ 2,700,000.00 i n C DBG f unds,$400,000.00 in CDBG Program Income, $800,000.00 in HOME funds, $500,000.00 in AffordableHousing Trust Fund (AHTF) monies, $112,000.00 in ESG funds, $120,000.00 in DCED/ESG funds,and $860,073.00 in Weatherization funds for a grand total of $5,492,073.00. The proposed use offunds is summarized on the following pages, and it is expected that 90% of the activities will benefitlow/mod income persons.For a complete copy of the 2010 Action Plan, please refer to www.ycpc.org.Executive Summary 5

Housing & Community Development PlanYORK COUNTY ANNUAL ACTION PLANPeriod: January 1, 2010 thru December 31, 2010I. FINANCIAL RESOURCES: (Estimated) 2010A. CDBG Entitlement $ 2,700,000B. CDBG Program Income $ 400,000Subtotal A. & B. $ 3,100,000C. HOME Entitlement $ 800,000D. AHTF (local) $ 500,000E. ESG Entitlement $ 112,000F. DCED/ESG $ 120,000F. Weatherization Grant $ 860,073Subtotal C. - F. $ 2,392,073GRAND TOTAL $ 5,492,073II.CDBG PROGRAM ACTIVITIES:A. Program Administration (13%) $395,0001. Program Administration (Personnel & Operating) $385,0002. Jewish Community Center - Diversity Education $10,000B. Planning (4.0%) $112,0001. Hanover Borough-Comprehensive Plan Update $20,0002. Loganville Borough-Comprehensive Plan Update $10,0003. Manchester Borough-Comprehensive Plan Update & SALDOUpdate$15,0004. North Hopewell Township-Zoning ordinance & SALDO Updates $4,5005. Stewartstown Borough-Zoning & SALDO Updates $12,5006. Wrightsville Borough-Zoning Ordinance $10,0007. York County Planning Commission-County Comprehensive Plan $40,000C. Housing Assistance Program (32.0%) $1,000,000*1. Home Improvement Program $500,0002. York Area Development Corporation - Dutch Kitchen SRO FacilityRehabilitation$50,0003. Project Delivery (Personnel & Operating) $450,0006Executive Summary

Housing & Community Development PlanD. Public Services (10%) $315,000The County of York is formulating a joint effort with York County HumanServices and the United Way. A single Application process is beingdeveloped with the goal of granting funds in a concerted, focused mannerduring the program year.E. Public Facility & Infrastructure Improvements (38.0%) $1,184,839*1. Dallastown Boro - E Maple St C/SW $79,6702. Dillsburg Borough-ADA Pedestrian Improvements $30,0003. Fairview Township-New Market Village Sanitary SewerImprovements ***$100,0004. Loganville Borough-S Main St Curb & Sidewalk Improvements $93,5005. Shrewsbury Township-Seitzland Area Sanitary Sewer Extension $100,0006. Windsor Borough-W High Street Curb & Sidewalk Improvements $100,0007. Targeted Initiatives - Targeted Initiatives Projects $200,0008. Unprogrammed Funds $481,669F. Unprogrammed Funds (3.0%) $93,161CDBG Total $3,100,000* The County estimates that it will receive $400,000 in program income from the Repayment of Home Improvement Programloans. The funds are to be used for housing development, homeowner rehabilitation activities, public facility improvementsand program administration.The above list of activities/funding amounts is subject to change if t he County’s actual CDBGallocation is less than the estimated amount.The following “Short List” activities, as set forth in the 2009 - 2011 Three Ye ar Fu ndingComponent of the County’s Consolidated Plan, will be considered as CDBG funding allows:MunicipalityActivityConewago Township Big Conewago Ave Street ReconDallastown Borough E. Maple St. C/S ImprovementsDelta BoroughMain St. Curb & Sidewalk ImprovementsDover BoroughN. Main St. C & S ImprovementsDover Township Virginia Avenue Water LineE. Prospect Borough W . Maple St. Curb & Sidewalk ImprovementsE. Manchester Township Saginaw Village DrainageE. Manchester Township Saginaw Village Park FencingGlen Rock Borough Cottage Avenue Street ReconGoldsboro Borough Acquisition & Demo York St. PropertyShrewsbury Borough N. Main St. C/S Improvements Phase 2Executive Summary 7

Housing & Community Development PlanMunicipalitySpring Grove BoroughW est York BoroughW est York BoroughWindsor BoroughActivityW . Spring & W . Walnut St. C/SADA Curb Cuts1300 Block W . Market St. C/SE. High St. C/S & Drainage ImprovementIII. HOME PROGRAM & AFFORDABLE HOUSING TRUST FUND ACTIVITIES:The County of York issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for applications for the developmentof affordable housing on July 31, 2009, and August 3, 2009. Dueto funding commitments madein previous years, this application process will be used to identify the affordable housing projectscurrently in development. The York County Housing and Community Development LoanCommittee (Loan Committee) will se t pr iorities f or funding of those projects me eting t hehousing needs of County residents over the next several years. Applications were due to theYork County Planning Commission (YCPC) on August 28, 2009. Funding priorities will be setby Loan Committee in Program Year 2010. The County also may fund a Y ork HomebuyerAssistance Program and program administration from HOME/Affordable Housing Trust Fund.HOME Program* $ 800,000AFFORDABLE HOUSING TRUST FUND (AHTF) $ 500,000HOME/AHTF Total $ 1,300,000* 15% of funds must be obligated to and spent by a Community Development Housing Organization (CHDO)IV. ESG PROGRAM ACTIVITIES:1. Bell Socialization Services, Inc. - Bell Family Shelter $ 70,5002. Hanover Area Council of Churches-Emergency Shelter Ops $ 4,5003. YMCA of York & York County - Men’s Residence Emergency Shelter $ 8,5004. YWCA of Hanover Safe Home Program $ 1,5005. YWCA of York-Emergency Shelter Operations $ 22,0006. Unprogrammed Funds $ 5,000V. DCED/ESG PROGRAM ACTIVITIESESG Total $ 112,000DCED/ESG funding is awarded by the Pennsylvania Department of Community and EconomicDevelopment (DCED) through an individual grant application process by agencies providingemergency shelter programs to the homeless. The applications are submitted through and grantsare a dministered b y the Yo rk Cou nty Pla nning Com mission’s H ousing an d Co mmunityDevelopment department. Typically, two to three agencies are awarded grant money each year.DCED/ESG Total $ 120,0008Executive Summary

Housing & Community Development PlanVI. WEATHERIZATION PROGRAMThe York County Weatherization Program proposes to providestandard Weatherization servicesincluding furnace modifications, energy saving measures, health and safetyimprovements alongwith energy usage education to the low income citizens of York County under the aegis of theYork County Planning Commission. All Weatherization and heating system work is done bysubcontractors solicited by public bid. YCPC staff provides work specifications and inspects allunits after c ompletion b y s ubcontractors. I n p roviding th ese s ervices, it is e xpected thatparticipants will realize a reduction in their home heating, cooling and utility costs averaging 17percent per year. More than 30 percent of the County’s housing stock was built before 1940,before energy conservation measures were installed in homes. Yo rk County also has a h ighproportion of mobile homes, many of which are in need of energy conservation services. It isestimated that the average cost to provide standard Weatherization services, including furnacemodifications and incidenta l improvement s, will be $5,052.00 for both DOE and L IHEAPactivities. Applicants will be served on the state-prescribed priority basis. Eighty-five DOEunits are planned. Forty LIHEAP standard units are planned with an additional 125 Crisis units.VII. OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMESWEATHERIZATION Total $ 860,073GRAND TOTAL $ 5,492,073Within the 2010 York County Annual Action Plan, the County identifies compliance with localhousing and community development priority needs and objectives contained in its ConsolidatedPlan, and, in addition, new objectives and outcomes established in the HUD CPD PerformanceMeasurement System in accordance with Federal Register Notice dated March 7, 2006. YorkCounty expanded upon its own local housing and community development pr iority needsidentified in the Consolidated Plan by implementing the ne w HUD CPD Perf ormanceMeasurement System on October 1, 2006. The Consolidated Plan was a mended to reflect thenew measurement system with the submission and approval of the 2007 York County AnnualAction Plan.The proposed projects and activities identified in the Action Plan as set forth in Part K shallcomply with all local housing and community development priority needs (Part E) and HUDobjectives and outcomes (Part D) for the CDBG, HOME and ESG federal entitlement programsadministered by York County as outlined in the Consolidated Plan.The proje cted 2010 budg et amounts for t he County’s fe deral prog rams, which inc lude theCDBG, HOME, and ESG programs, total $4,012,000.00. In this year’s plan, the County plansto address HUD’s outcome measures, as identified in Table 3A - Part D, by allocating twentyeightpercent (28%) of its budget to improve the sustainability of the suitable living environmentby providing new or improved infrastructure and public facilities in viable communities. Inaddition, ten percent (10 %) of funds will address the need to establish and enhance publicfacilities and infr astructure in low/ moderate income are as for the purpose of improvedavailability and accessibility to these services. It is expected that twelve percent (12%) of theExecutive Summary 9

Housing & Community Development Planbudget will be used to enhance the availability and accessibility of shelters and public servicesthat benefit low/moderate income persons and persons with disabilities and help address issuesin the communities in which they are established; funds will be utiliz ed to improve theavailability and accessibility of emergency and transitional shelters and supportive services byproviding assistance to shelter providers and non-profit agencies that cater to the needs of thehomeless population.The County also plans to allocate twelve percent (12 %) of its budget to address the ne ed ofdecent affor dable housing by offe ring housing r ehabilitation assistance and we atherizationservices to low/moderate income owner-occupied households. Twenty percent (20%) of fundsare budgeted to address the housing needs of low/moderate income households by providingassistance for the development of affordable housing and rental units. Furthermore, through thePublic Services application process, it is anticipated that five per cent (5%) of funds will bebudgeted to projects that enhance the availability and accessibility of homeowner and rentercounseling service s provided by non-prof it ag encies in a county -wide se rvice are a. Theremainder of the budget is for planning activities and administrative costs (13 %).10Executive Summary

RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERSYORK COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIAAUTHORIZING SUBMISSION OF THE YORK COUNTY HOUSING ANDCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN ANDANNUAL ACTION PLAN FORPROGRAM YEAR 2010FOR HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMSWHEREAS, under Title I of the Housing and Community Development Act, the Secretary ofthe U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has made grants available tothe County of York, Pennsylvania, to implement Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)Programs; andWHEREAS, under the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act, HUD has made grantsavailable to the County of York, Pennsylvania, to implement the Emergency Shelter Grant (ESG)Program; andWHEREAS, under Title II of the Cranston-Gonzales National Affordable Housing Act of 1990,as amended, HUD has made grants available to the County of York, Pennsylvania, to implementthe HOME program; andWHEREAS, HUD regulations replaced the Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy andthe planning and application requirements of the CDBG, HOME, and ESG Programs with theConsolidated Submission for Community Planning and Development Programs; andWHEREAS, the County of York is required under HUD rules and regulations to submit andimplement a Consolidated Submission for Community Planning and Development Programs;andWHEREAS, the York County Housing and Community Development Plan is consistent with thecontents of the HUD required Consolidated Submission and serves as the County’s 2010-2014Consolidated Plan Submission to HUD; andWHEREAS, the York County Housing and Community Development Plan and the County’sAnnual Action Plan for Program Year 2010 have been available for comment, and publichearings have been held to review the draft Consolidated Plan and the Annual Action Plan; andWHEREAS, the County’s Annual Action Plan for Program Year 2010 is consistent with thegoals and objectives established in the York County Housing and Community Development Plan.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of Commissioners of York County,Pennsylvania, that:1. The York County Housing and Community Development Plan hereby serves as theCounty’s 2010-2014 Consolidated Plan Submission to the U.S. Department of Housingand Urban Development (HUD).2. The York County Housing and Community Development Plan and the Annual ActionPlan for 2010 are hereby approved in all respects.3. The President Commissioner hereby is authorized and directed to submit the Housing andCommunity Development Plan and Annual Action Plan to HUD allowing for theinclusion of public comments and the responses to those comments and to provide anysupplemental or revised data which HUD may request in connection with its review.4. The President Commissioner is hereby authorized and directed to execute grant/loanagreements under the CDBG, HOME and ESG Programs.5. The York County Planning Commission is hereby designated as the administratingagency for all York County Housing and Community Development programs.6. The Housing and Community Development Administrator and Community DevelopmentCoordinator of the York County Planning Commission are hereby authorized to reviewand approve all eligible Certificate of Consistency with the County Consolidated forms.7. The entitlement community of the City of York is hereby authorized to receiveAffordable Housing Trust Fund (AHTF) monies generated by York City residents via anagreement between the County of York and the City of York.8. The County of York is hereby authorized to use Affordable Housing Trust Fund (AHTF)monies for Weatherization Program expenses as established by the York County PlanningCommission standard operating procedures and approved by the Housing and CommunityDevelopment Administrator.9. The County of York is hereby authorized to allocate up to $100,000.00 of AffordableHousing Trust Fund (AHTF) monies to the York Homebuyer Assistance Program, and, anadditional $15,000.00 of AHTF monies for administration expenses associated with theaforementioned program.

Approved this 28th day of October 2009.ATTEST:BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS______________________________Charles R. NollAdministrator/Chief Clerk_______________________________Steve Chronister, President_______________________________Christopher B. Reilly, Commissioner_______________________________Doug Hoke, Commissioner

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Part I:Setting the Stage

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 1BackgroundIntroductionHousing is certainly a basic human need. No single type of housing, however, can serve the variedneeds of today’s diverse households. Whether a renter or homeowner, senior citizen, school-agedchild, or disabled adult, all York County residents need an affordable, comfortable and safe placeto live. When a variety of appealing and affordable housing options exist, the County is a betterplace to live and work.CommunityCommunity can mean many things and it goes beyond housing. In addition to being a place wherepeople reside, a community is a lso a place where people work, plan and socialize. A s such itincludes not only includes housing , but a host of amenities to sustain the comm unity, includinginfrastructure, roads and transportation systems, public services, schools, and people. All of thesefactors comprise the ide ntity of the County and fur ther contribute to the quality of life f or theCounty’s residents.Current ConditionsYork County has changed over the years in many ways, not the least of which is in terms of itspopulation. In 1990, the County’s population was 339,574. It increased about 12% to 381,751 in2000. Current estimates from the US Census Bureau (2008) have the population increasing another10% to 424,583. Projections by the York County Planning Commission show the total populationat 484,909 in 2020 and 528,024 by 2030.The patterns of development have also changed. Development outward from the central City overthe years, presents a challenge in York County. Related issues are specifically addressed in the YorkCounty Growth Management Plan and Agricultural Land Protection Plan Components of the YorkCounty Comprehensive Plan, but it is important to point out that residential development in ruralareas has proliferated over the recent past. In fact, the amount of land in farms in York County hasbeen steadily decreasing since 1950. The effects of sprawl are many, including increased strain onpublic budg ets, public works and utilities; increa sed traf fic; threa tened e nvironment andovercrowded schools. Housing cost is also a variable that has shown some dynamic changes relatedto the patterns of development.While there has been much new residential development in recent years, the fact remains that a fullone-quarter of the total housing units in York Countywere built prior to 1940. Aging housing stockpresents a host of issues t o homeowners, including, but not limited to, repairs, maintena nce andupgrades.Background 17

Housing & Community Development PlanThe York County Housing and Community Development PlanHousing and a community development are multifaceted issues and have been addressed to varyingdegrees in numerous past planning endeavors. In particular, the York County Comprehensive Planhas included components dealing with housing and community facilities while the Consolidated Planhas addressed housing and community development. This Plan is different. This Plan is the resultof a collaborative effort, joining the talents and maximizing the resources of the York CountyPlanning Commission to produce a joint Housing a nd Community Development Plan for YorkCounty. The first endeavor of its kind in the County, it meets the requirements of the PennsylvaniaMunicipalities Planning Code ( MPC) and the United States Depar tment of Housing and Ur banDevelopment (HUD) and it will guide the housing and community development decisions of theCounty by developing specific housing and community development policies that will help toprovide an adequate amount of housing, representing a broad spectrum of housing types, densitiesand price.The Plan begins by outlining the leg al requirements for housing a nd community developmentplanning activities under which York County operates. But what’s more important is what make thisplan different– how it incorporates the requirements of the MPC and HUD. This is done to establisha shared, holistic vision of the state of housing and community development in York County and todevelop principled and viable priorities to meet the housing and community development needs andgoals of the County.Legal RequirementsPennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (MPC)Providing for housing needs is a critical role of local government, both on the municipal and Countylevels. Responsibilities of local g overnment are specifie d in the Pennsy lvania MunicipalitiesPlanning Code (MPC). Specifically outlined in Article III, Section 301 (a) (2.1), the MPC requires“a plan that will meet the housing needs of present residents and of those individuals and familiesanticipated to reside in the municipality, which may include conservation of presently soundhousing, rehabilitation of housing in declining neighborhoods and the accommodation of expectednew housing in different dwelling types and at appropriate densities for households of all incomelevels.”Additionally, Section 604 (4) was added to the MPC to specifically detail the housing requirementsof local zoning ordinances by stating that one of the purposes of zoning is “to provide for the use ofland within the municipality or residential housing of various dwelling types encompassing all basicforms of housing, including single-family and two-family dwellings, and a reasonable range ofmultifamily dwellings in various arrangements, mobile homes and mobile home parks, provided,however, that no zoning ordinance shall be deemed invalid for the failure to provide for any otherdwelling types.” Essentially, the MPC requires that each municipality must provide for the housingneeds of all categories of people by zoning for all basic types of housing.18Background

Housing & Community Development PlanThe MPC also requires that a housing element be part of all comprehensive plans. The intent of theMPC is clear. Municipalities in Pennsylvania, including counties, must provide forthe diverse needsof their current and future residents.The US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)York County has a diverse range of responsibilities in administering Federal housing and communitydevelopment-related grant and funding programs, many of which become available to the Countythrough the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Such funding programsinclude Community Development Block Grant (CDGB); HOME Investment Partnership (HOME)Program; and Emergency Shelter Grants (ESG). As required by HUD, local jurisdictions submit aConsolidated Plan, w hich s atisfies th e su bmission re quirements fo r t he thr ee (3) Com munityPlanning and Development (CPD) formula programs administered by HUD to the local jurisdiction.The Consolidated Plan, per HUD, “is designed to be a collaborative process whereby a communityestablishes a unified vision for community development actions.” Local jurisdictions, like YorkCounty, can sha pe the va rious housing and community development pr ograms into eff ective,coordinated strategies. Strategic planning and citizen involvement opportunities provided in thisconsolidated planning effort reduce duplication of effort at the local level.The statutes for the formula grant programs (CDBG, HOME, ESG) set forth three (3) goals by whichthe County’s performance under the plan will be evaluated by HUD. These goals are as follows:decent, safe, affordable housing, a suitable living environment, an d expanded economicopportunities. Consolidated Pl ans mus t in clude a ne eds a ssessment, pr iority ne eds, s pecificobjectives and how the planned activities address identified needs and objectives.Why is the York County Housing and Community Development Plan different?To this point, t he Comprehensive Plan and Consolidated Plan have historically been separatelyconceived and developed. Nevertheless, there was some overlap.The York County Comprehensive Plan was developed by the York County Planning Commissionto meet the requirements of the MPC. I t includes a Housing Plan that is comprised of a housingmarket analysis, housing needs assessment, as well as information on housing assistance providers,housing s trategies a nd p olicy r ecommendations f or Y ork Co unty. I n a ddition, it in cludes aninventory of community facilities and related general policy guidelines. It is intended to be updatedevery ten (10) years.Concurrently, the York County Planning Commission also prepares a Consolidated Plan for YorkCounty. To meet the requirements of HUD, it comprises five (5) sections: housing market analysisand nee ds assessment, community deve lopment needs, housing and community developmentstrategic plan, a three (3)-year funding plan for the CDBG program, and an annual action plan. ThisPlan coordinates the County ’s housing and community development a ctivities and deve lops aneffective s trategy to confront a nd ameliora te exist ing pr oblems and to revitalize deter ioratingneighborhoods. It is required to be updated every five (5) years.Background 19

Housing & Community Development PlanWhile much of the specific housing needs and inventory information was shared between these Plansin the past, each Plan has its own resultant priorities, goals and objectives for implementation. Withthis curre nt endea vor, the e fforts are joined, r esulting in a unif ied appr oach to housing andcommunity planning for York County. In addition to the areas previously covered by both Plans,this joi nt Plan provides a thoroug h examination of related pla ns and studies, particula rly thepriorities, goals and objectives to distill down the key issues, countywide, and to formulate policydecisions.Related Plans and StudiesThe c ontext in w hich th is Plan is written i s also important to provide. Previous Plans havereferenced related plans and studies that are relevant to housing and community development. ThisPlan is dif ferent i n th at it c losely re views re lated p lans, in cluding the F air Ho using An alysis,Criminal Justice Advisory Board (CJAB) Housing Study, Health Choices Management Unit HousingPlan, Continuum of Care, the Affor dable Housing Ex pansion Study , and the study of Yorkconducted by HUD. This is done not only to provide background but also to synthesize the findingsand recommendations of the a forementioned p lans to i nform a nd str ucture thi s Housing andCommunity Development Plan, specifically policy recommendations that come from it. Please referto the Appendix for more information.Consultation ProcessIn addition to the public participation from public meetings and hearings inherent in any planningprocess, this Plan benefits from participation der ived from the f irst-ever York Cou nty HousingSummit. This stemmed from a ser ies of wor kgroups that conven ed in t he fall of 2008. I ssuesincluding housing affordability, fair housing, infrastructure/planning for growth, homelessness, andhousing for special needs were discussed and prioritized to map out the next steps for implementingintegrated, local solutions for our housingneeds. Feedback was obtained from elected and appointedofficials, so cial se rvice pr oviders, e ducators, loc al c ivic g roups, bu siness leaders, de velopers,landlords, planners, financial institutions and advocacy organizations. In addition, a needs surveywas conducted. Input was also sought from the Housing Advisory Commission and the CitizensAdvisory Commission.Looking Forward...This Plan is comprised of five (5) parts. The first part, Setting the Stage, provides the backgroundand general information about the County.Part II is the Housing Plan. I n a series of chap ters, information regarding the County’s housingsupply, housing trends, housing cost and demand, and neighborhood conservation will be presented.A needs assessment is included, a s are chapters related to housing for homeless persons and f orspecial needs non-homeless persons. The Housing Plan culminates with the chapter that presentsthe County’s housing strategies.20Background

Housing & Community Development PlanPart III, Neighborhood Conservation and Enhanc ement, builds on the data a nd trends pre sentedpreviously in the Plan. The Chapter provides a bridge to connect Part II, the Housing Plan withPart IV, the Community Development Plan. This Part discussed neig hborhood conditions andpresents an Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan.Part IV is the Community Development Plan. This part provides an overview of commun itydevelopment and presents the needs a ssessment/methodology. Priority community developmentneeds and strategies to address those priority needs are also presented.Part V, Bringing it all Together, does just that. The priority housing needs, housing activities andcommunity development ne eds are summarized. T he County’s strategic plan for housing a ndcommunity development is developed, considering guiding policies and programs, the County’s antipovertystrategy, coordination, institutional structure and monitoring standards and procedures.As stated previously, housing and community development are multi-faceted issues and this Planis the result of a concentrated and coordinated effort to address those issues.Background 21

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 2General Characteristics of York CountyIntroductionBuilding on the background information provided in the previous Chapter, this Chapter will presenta community description including location, demog raphics (current population a nd trends), a ndgeneral household informa tion. Countywide data will also be examined to present a reas ofconcentration of racial and ethnic minorities, as well as concentrations of l ow/moderate incomeresidents. The Chapter continues with an income profile and economic outlook for the County. TheChapter ends with a discussion of land use and land use planning in York County.Community DescriptionYork County is located in south-central Pennsylvania, which is part of the Washington DC/Bostonmegalopolis. The County is bordered by Adams and Cumberland Counties to the west and northrespectively and the Susquehanna River and Lancaster County to the east. Northeast of the River liesDauphin County. The southern boundary is the Mason-Dixon line which forms the border withMaryland a nd its no rthernmost c ounties o f C arroll, Baltimore a nd Ha rford. Yo rk Cou nty isapproximately 911 square miles or 583,040 acr es and is compr ised of 72 municipalities: 35townships, 36 boroughs and one (1) city.Throughout its history, York County was primarily an agricultural and small manufacturing center.Outside the Yo rk City lim its, th e a rea wa s r elatively ra cially and e thnically ho mogenous–predominantly white with German heritage. More recently, however, the County has experiencedmany of the same economic and demographic changes experienced in other areas. Please refer tothe Growth Trends Component of the York County Comprehensive Plan for more detail.Development patterns occ urring in the rec ent past have altered the landsca pe. Residential andcommercial development have expanded into the more rural areas that previously distinguished theregion. Small industry has been affected by the current economic trends, leaving the City and partsof the County without some of these f ormer sources of employment. As elsewhere, shifts in theemployment s ectors se e mor e op portunities in the re tail t rade a nd se rvice ind ustries, wh ileopportunities in the manufacturing sector decrease. Although unemployment in York County is notas high as other areas on the East Coast, the loss of higher paying jobs in the manufacturing sectoris not unnoticed.In particular, the loss of the small industries within the City limits has caused a tangible erosion ofYork City’s tax base with subsequent, resultant impact on the surrounding County. In order torecover from the loss of tax revenue from its former small industries, the City has increased propertytaxes on residential properties resulting in the highest tax rate within the County. This seeminglyunavoidable situation has caused the subsequent reloc ation of those fina ncially able to make themove out of the City to do so. This local shi ft, coupled with the re cent, rapid in-migration ofGeneral Characteristics of York County 23

Housing & Community Development Planprofessional workers from areas outside the County, has created a strong demand for housing in thebalance of the County. Northern municipalities have appeal to those commuting to Harrisburg andpoints north and west, while the southern part of the County is a ttractive to t hose working inMaryland. The interstate/transportation network that exists in the County(Interstate 83, Route 15and Route 30) make this inter-County commuting attractive. The migration and commuting trendswill be further explored in Chapter 3. In all cases, this strong demand for housing in the County hasdriven prices out of reach for lower income and many moderate income households.DemographicsThis Chapter provides data on a variety of topics; data for York County includes the City of Yorkunless otherwise indicated. This section will look at population data at the County and municipallevel. Household data, as well as information on the concentrations of racial and ethnic minoritiesand concentrations of low/moderate income residents are is presented. Additionally, an incomeprofile is provided. 2005-2007 American Community Survey data is used, whe n available. Forthose geographies for which it is not yet available, the Census 2000 data is utilized.Current Population and TrendsYork County is the eighth largest county in Pennsylvania, based on the 2008 population estimatesfrom the US Census Bureau. With a total population of 424,583, the County’s population represents3.4% o f Pennsylvania’s total population(12,448,279). York County ’s population hasincreased with each decennial Census since 1900, asshown on Figure 1. Interestingly, between 2000 and2008, York County was second in the State in termsof numerical increase ( 42,830) in population.(Chester County was fir st wit h a total increase of57,998).Population chang e i s also measure d by thepercentage increase or de crease. F or tha t sa meperiod, 2000-2008, York County’s total populationincreased 11 .2% – t he fifth hig hest incre ase bypercent in Pennsylvania.Source: US Census BureauAverage changeper decade ~ 12%**YCPC projectionsThere are a variety of reasons why York County hasgrown. They include, bu t a re no t li mited to , th e a vailability of e mployment, e asy a ccess t oexpressways, tax structures and the quality of life for residents.It is also interesting to consider York County’s growth within the context of other counties in theState. As stated previously, York County is eighth in the State in terms of total population and thefifth fastest growing county relative to population percent change between 2000 and 2008.According to projections by the York County Planning Commission, the population is expected toincrease to 441,963 by2010 and 484,909 by 2020. Compared to 2000 when the County’s populationwas 381,751, these projections represents15.7% and 27% increases, respectively.24General Characteristics of York County

Housing & Community Development PlanAs shown, York County’s closest neighbor in the top ten(10) fastest growing counties in Pennsylvania is A damsCounty, to the west, with a population increase of 10.8%from 2000 to 2008. Elsewhere in the State, the Counties ofWayne, Pike, Mon roe, N orthampton and L ehigh are nodoubt influenced by the NY-NJ metropolitan area. ForestCounty’s dra stic increa se i s attributed to a maximumsecurity State penitentiary that opened in 2004, whic hhouses in excess of 2,000 offenders,2008 Municipal Population EstimatesThe Census Bureau reported that the City of Y ork’spopulation in 2008 was 40,097. This represents a decreaseof about 1.9% sinc e 2000 (40, 862). Using the 2008Top 10 Fastest Growing Counties inPennsylvania, % change 2000-2008Forest County. . . . . . . . . . 38.0%Pike County............ 28.8%Monroe County. . . . . . . . . 19.0%Chester County. . . . . . . . . 13.4%York County . . . . . . . . . . 11.2%Franklin County. . . . . . . . . 11.0%Adams County . . . . . . . . . 10.8%Northampton County. . . . . 10.4%W ayne County. . . . . . . . . . . 9.0%Lehigh County. . . . . . . . . . . 8.9%Source: US Census Bureauestimates, the fastest growing municipality in the County, as compared to 2000, is Hallam Boroughwith an 87.1% increase in total population si nce 2000. M ount Wolf Borough lost the most t otalpopulation in terms of percent lost, with a decrease of 3.1% for the period 2000-2008.Taking a wider look, eight (8) York County municipalities experienced growth of over 25% duringthe period 2000-2008. In addition to Hallam Borough, they are West Manheim Township (52.3%);East Manchester Township (41.6%); Manchester Township (33.3%); Springfield Township (31.7%);Conewago Township (30.9%), Windsor Township (28.8%) and Jackson Township (29.7%).Conversely, fourteen (14) municipalities have lost population over the 2000-2008 per iod, all ofwhich are boroughs, with the exception of York City. Mount Wolf Borough had the highest decreaseas mentioned above, followed by Delta Borough with a decrease of about three percent (-3%).HouseholdsBased on the 2005-2007 American Community Survey, the average household size in York Countyis 2.51 persons. B etween 1990 and 2000, household size decr eased from 2.64 per sons to 2.52persons, according to 2000 Census Data.In 2005-2007, there were 162,264 households in York County, which represents an increase of 9.4%since 2000 when there were 148,288 households. Additionally, the 2005-2007 data indicates thenumber of households in t he City of York de creased to 1 5,645 from 16,098 in 2 000. Th isrepresents a 2.8% decrease. During that same period, female-headed households comprised 9.4%or 15,308 households as compared to 12.7% (13,448) households in York County in 2000.General Characteristics of York County 25

Housing & Community Development PlanMap 126General Characteristics of York County

Housing & Community Development PlanIn 2005-2007, 77.3% ( 125,422) of a ll occupied housing units were owner-occupied and 22.7%(36,842) were renter-occupied. In the York City alone, 45.6% (7,131) of all occupied housing unitswere owners and 54.4% (8,514)were renters.Concentrations of Racial and Ethnic MinoritiesThe concentrations of racial and ethnic minorities is interesting to examine. As shown on Figure 2below, based upon the 2005-2007 American Community Survey, the population of York County wascomprised of 92.3% White; 4.8% Black or African American; 0.1% American Indian and AlaskaNative; 1.1% Asian; and 0% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander. 1.7 % of the totalpopulation indicate “some other ra ces” and 1.1% w ere two or more r aces. Approximately 4%(16,669) of all persons were of Hispanic origin.In York Cit y, 61.9% we re White alone,28.5% we re B lack or Afr ican Ame ricanalone, 0.2% were American Indian a ndAlaska Native alone, 0.7% were Asian alone,0% were Native Hawaiian and Other PacificIslander alone, 8.7% some other races alone,and 3.6% w ere two or more rac es. 9,527persons or 23.8% o f the total populationwere of Hispanic origin.Looking at the balance of the County, themajority, 353,780 per sons, or 83.3% of thetotal popul ation, is Wh ite. A ccording to2005-2007 A merican C ommunity S urvey,minorities, as a proportion of all persons inSource: US Census Bureau, American Community Surveythe County, increased from 4.6% in 1990 to7.2% in 2000, t o 8.8% in 2005-2007.Minorities as a proportion of City and the County-balance populations increased to 40.3% and 5.4%,respectively. The Ame rican Co mmunity Survey also indicated tha t approxim ately 31% of theCounty’s total minority population resides in York City , however the minority population in thebalance of the County has gradually increased.When comparing 2000 Census data with 2005-2007 American Community Survey data, the Whitepopulation in the County as a whole increased 6.7% between 2000 and 2005-2007. Minorities, onthe other hand, increased 31.4% between 2000 and 2005-2007. Data also indicated that, in the Cityalone, the White population has decreased 2.1% since 2000 and minority population increased 1.9%between 2000 and 2005-2007.Based upon 2000 Census information, the areas indicated Table 1 are classified as a non-whiteminority concentration, having a greater concentration than the County 7.2% proportion. Table 2presents Hispanic/Latino Concentrations greater than or equal to the County average of 3%. Census2000 data is the most current tract and block group information available at the time of this report.General Characteristics of York County 27

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 1: Minority Race Concentrations > or =County Average of 7.2%,2000Census Tract Block Group Municipality % Minority Race101.10 1 Springettsbury Township 29.14%102.20 5 Springettsbury Township 17.06%201.00 4 Fairview Township 14.31%201.00 3 Fairview Township 14.23%213.00 2 West York Borough 13.50%101.20 3 Springettsbury Township 12.90%214.20 4 West Manchester Township 12.08%101.30 1 Springettsbury Township 11.54%229.10 2 York Township 11.46%227.00 3 York Township 10.01%209.21 3 Newberry Township 9.86%213.00 5 West York Borough 9.85%104.00 1 Spring Garden Township 9.76%212.10 3 Manchester Township 9.74%240.00 3 Peach Bottom Township 9.63%102.20 1 Springettsbury Township 9.62%212.20 1 Manchester Township 9.56%216.00 2 West Manchester Township 9.30%219.00 3 Penn Township 8.44%228.00 4 York Township 8.36%221.00 2 Hanover Borough 8.24%101.10 3 Springettsbury Township 8.15%212.10 4 Manchester Township 7.89%214.10 1 West Manheim Township 7.79%209.10 1 York Haven Borough 7.78%102.10 1 Springettsbury Township 7.77%230.00 1 Yoe Borough 7.73%104.00 2 Spring Garden Township 7.71%233.00 3 Windsor Township 7.53%211.00 1 Manchester Township 7.51%213.00 3 West York Borough 7.3%Source: US Census BureauTable 2: Hispanic/Latino Concentrations> or = County Average of 3.0%,2000Census Tract Block Group Municipality % Hispanic/Latino230.00 2 Dallastown Borough 3.4%201.00 4 Fairview Township 7.1%202.10 4 Fairview Township 3.1%202.20 2 Fairview Township 4.0%202.20 3 Fairview Township 3.4%204.10 1 Franklin Township 7.5%28General Characteristics of York County

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 2: Hispanic/Latino Concentrations> or = County Average of 3.0%,2000Census Tract Block Group Municipality % Hispanic/Latino238.10 1 Glen Rock Borough 3.0%234.00 5 Hallam Borough 3.4%220.00 1 Hanover Borough 4.1%221.00 1 Hanover Borough 3.3%223.00 3 Hanover Borough 4.0%234.00 2 Hellam Township 4.4%236.00 6 Lower Windsor Township 4.0%236.00 3 Lower Windsor Township 4.0%211.00 2 Manchester Township 5.0%211.00 4 Manchester Township 7.8%212.10 3 Manchester Township 5.0%203.10 1 Monaghan Township 3.6%209.10 3 Newberry Township 3.4%209.21 3 Newberry Township 6.2%217.20 3 North Codorus Township 5.1%218.00 2 Penn Township 3.6%219.00 1 Penn Township 4.5%219.00 3 Penn Township 3.0%219.00 5 Penn Township 5.1%231.00 6 Red Lion Borough 3.8%238.22 1 Shrewsbury Borough 4.7%103.00 2 Spring Garden Township 3.9%105.10 1 Spring Garden Township 5.3%105.20 3 Spring Garden Township 4.8%105.20 2 Spring Garden Township 3.3%101.10 4 Springettsbury Township 3.8%101.10 3 Springettsbury Township 3.0%101.10 1 Springettsbury Township 11.1%101.20 3 Springettsbury Township 3.9%102.10 1 Springettsbury Township 6.7%102.10 4 Springettsbury Township 3.5%102.20 1 Springettsbury Township 21.1%216.00 3 West Manchester Township 4.5%213.00 3 West York Borough 6.1%213.00 2 West York Borough 7.0%233.00 1 Windsor Township 4.6%233.00 4 Windsor Township 3.0%227.00 5 York Township 3.9%228.00 4 York Township 3.1%229.10 2 York Township 4.6%Source: US Census BureauGeneral Characteristics of York County 29

Housing & Community Development PlanConcentrations of Low/Moderate Income ResidentsConcentrations of low/moderate income residents also informs this Plan. Based upon 2000 Censusdata, more than 51% of the residents in the following areas within York County are low/moderateincome (income less than 80% of the median area income).Table 3: Concentrations of Low/Moderate Income Residents, 2000Census Tract Block Group Municipality % Low/Mod Income208.00 1 Conewago Township 65.6%208.00 5 Conewago Township 62.5%208.00 5 Conewago Township 54.8%230.00 2 Dallastown Borough 56.0%230.00 4 Dallastown Borough 55.6%207.10 2 Dover Township 58.3%210.10 1 East Manchester Township 64.4%201.00 3 Fairview Township 53.4%201.00 4 Fairview Township 73.4%202.10 5 Fairview Township 51.9%204.10 3 Franklin Township 51.4%204.10 3 Franklintown Borough 57.7%220.00 3 Hanover Borough 63.8%221.00 1 Hanover Borough 60.9%221.00 2 Hanover Borough 73.1%221.00 4 Hanover Borough 51.7%223.00 1 Hanover Borough 54.1%223.00 3 Hanover Borough 63.7%226.00 6 Loganville Borough 55.7%236.00 4 Lower Windsor Township 71.3%210.20 2 Manchester Borough 77.2%211.00 1 Manchester Township 65.6%217.20 2 New Salem Borough 56.0%209.10 2 Newberry Township 55.9%209.21 3 Newberry Township 54.3%237.10 3 North Hopewell Township 53.1%212.10 3 North York Borough 53.6%240.00 3 Peach Bottom Township 59.1%219.00 2 Penn Township 59.1%219.00 5 Penn Township 69.6%219.00 6 Penn Township 54.4%231.00 1 Red Lion Borough 51.1%231.00 2 Red Lion Borough 67.7%231.00 4 Red Lion Borough 52.6%231.00 5 Red Lion Borough 55.1%205.21 3 Spring Grove Borough 53.5%101.10 1 Springettsbury Township 66.6%102.10 4 Springettsbury Township 68.5%102.10 4 Springettsbury Township 51.9%30General Characteristics of York County

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 3: Concentrations of Low/Moderate Income Residents, 2000Census Tract Block Group Municipality % Low/Mod Income226.00 6 Springfield Township 59.6%15.00 1 West Manchester Township 91.1%216.00 3 West Manchester Township 51.6%213.00 2 West York Borough 69.7%213.00 5 West York Borough 60.5%232.00 1 Windsor Borough 54.7%232.00 3 Windsor Township 55.0%230.00 1 Yoe Borough 54.9%209.10 1 York Haven Borough 68.0%227.00 3 York Township 63.9%Source: US Census BureauIncome ProfileAccording to Census data, the median family income for York County increased from $52,278.00in 2000 to $53,641 in 2005-2007. With respect to the percentage of families below the poverty level,the Census data indicated that the percentage of families living below poverty increased from 4.6%in 2000 to 5.4% in 2005-2007. Although the greatest concentration of these families is in the City,concentrations o f f amilies b elow t he p overty l evel c an b e f ound i n t he balance o f t he C ounty,particularly in the boroughs.Concentrations of lower income residents, defined as family households with incomes of less than80% of the me dian ar ea inc ome, ca n be found in 52 of the County's 72 municipalities. Themunicipalities with the highest percentages of lower income residents tend to be located proximateto the City of York.Economic OutlookYork Count y has not been a bove the f ray in terms of the e conomic cha nges that have beenexperienced across America in the recent past. What follows is a snapshot of the current economicconditions in the County.As mentioned previously, the 2008 total population estimate is 424,583. Per the PA Department ofLabor and Industry, approximately 227,200 persons comprise the civilian labor force. The County’sunemployment rat e for April 2009 was a t 7.7%, which is slightly below the r ate of 7.8% forPennsylvania.Another economic indicator is per capita income. Per the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the percapita income fo r York County (2006) was $33,071 which is below Pennsylvania’s per capitaincome of $36,825.General Characteristics of York County 31

Housing & Community Development PlanMap 232General Characteristics of York County

Housing & Community Development PlanMap 3General Characteristics of York County 33

Housing & Community Development PlanThe York County Economic Development Plan includes data on income and wages. York Countydata is presented, as is comparative information for regional context. The information that followsis taken from that Plan.Median income has increased in York County at a similar pace to surrounding counties over the pastseveral years. York County’s median income grew from $45,261 in 2000 to an estimated $58,782in 2008, representing a compound a nnual growth rate of 3.3 pe rcent, in line with the nation(forwhich median income also grew at a rate of 3.3 percent, from $42,164 in 2000 to$54,749 in 2008).York County’s median income (2008) is in the middle of the pack compared to surrounding counties,and is higher than the Pennsylvania median income. Median income is lower than that ofMaryland($67,211), Baltimore County ($63,117) and Harford County ($74,713).A similar pattern is observed when looking at growth of wage levels over the past ten (10) years.Wages paid by York County employers grew 3.3 percent per year from 1997 to 20 07, the sameannual growth rate as median income. This wage growth was slower than the growth experiencedin neighboring counties to the south and in Maryland, where wages increased by 4.4 percent per year.This income and wage data indicates that the County offers a competitive advantage with respect tolabor costs compared to higher cost communities to the south.In 2007, there was a total of 9,070 employer units in all industries. The major employers in YorkCounty, by total number of employees are: York Hospital, Harley Davidson Motor Company, USDepartment of Defense, County of York, BAE Systems Land and Armaments, Kinsley Construction,Inc., Hanover General Hospital, Memorial Hospital, PH Glatfelter Company, and RH Sheppard, Inc.Considering all major occupational groups, the average annual wage for a County resident (2007)was $35,810.Per the York County Industry Cluster Analysis (2006) contained within the York County EconomicDevelopment Plan, employers in York County provided an estimated 174,000 jobs. The County’slargest industry sectors in terms of employment were: advanced materials/diversified manufacturing(11% of all jobs), building and construction (9%), health care (8%), and education (8%).Land UseThere are seven (7) general land use categories in York County. They are apartment, commercial,industrial, uti lity, e xempt, f arm a nd re sidential. U sing da ta pr ovided b y the Yo rk Cou ntyAssessment Office, multi-year comparisons can be made. Data is shown for 1996, 2005 and 2009.As shown in Figure 3, the land use category comprising the most acres is farm. While the numberof acres in “farm” has decreased about 6% from 1996 to 2009, there are still approximately 366,737acres classified as “farm” in the County, comprising about 63% of the total land area of the County.The amount of residential acres increased by approximately 25% (28,105 acres) from 1996 to 2009.Other important notations to make are that commercial includes mobile home parks and that in 2000,the law changed regarding utility assessments and many parcels were removed from “utility” andrecategorized as “commercial.”34General Characteristics of York County

Housing & Community Development Planon some type of agricultural protection zoning, which limits the number of dwelling units based oneither a percentage of the total property acreage or on the basis of a sliding or fixed scale.Since the Comprehensive Plan was adopted in 1992, the County has focused on a goal of capturingat least 75% of the proposed dwelling units countywide within growth areas. An update to the GMP,completed in 2008, concluded that based on a review of the final residential subdivision and landdevelopment plans reviewed by YCPC staff from 1990-2006, 76.9% of the proposed dwelling unitswere proposed within growth areas.The 2008 update also considers commercial/industrial land uses. Dur ing the period 1990-2006,about 73% of the commercial/industrial building acres were proposed within growth areas.Other components of the York County Comprehensive Plan are also imperative to t he land usedecisions that are made. Specifically speaking are the Environmental Resources and Natural AreasInventories, the Open Space and Greenways Plan, the York County Water Resources Plan, and theAgricultural Land Protection Plan.SummaryThis chapter has presented general information regarding the community. A dditional detail isavailable in the Growth Trends component of the York County Comprehensive Plan.As this concludes Part I, looking forward to Part II, the County’s Housing Plan will be developed.Part II will address the County’s housing supply and housing trends, as well as the demands for andcost of housing. The Housing Plan will also needs assessment, homelessness, and housing for specialneeds. Part II concludes with housing strategies.36General Characteristics of York County

PART II:The Housing Plan

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 1General Introduction to the Housing PlanIntroductionThe fir st part of this Plan, Setting the Stage, provided backg round informa tion for this Pl an.Specifically, it presented the legal requirements of the Municipalities Planning Code (MPC) relatedto the County Comprehensive Plan and those of the Department of Housing and Urban Developmentrelated to the preparation of the Consolidated Plan. The Plan’s purpose was also clearly defined.The general cha racteristics o f the County, including de mographics, household infor mation, aneconomic outlook and a discussion of land use planning in York County were also presented.The Housing and Community Development Plan, Part II will satisfy the requirements of the MPCand H UD a s t hey r elate t o h ousing a nd b uild u pon t he g eneral c haracteristics o f t he C ounty.Following is an overview of what will be presented in Part II.The Housing PlanThe Housing Plan is comprised of eight (8) chapters, including this introductory chapter. A briefoutline of the subsequent chapters is useful.In the next chapter, the County’s housing supply is examined. The total number of housing units,new construction information and density for the County is presented. The public housing supplyis also examined, including assisted rental and homeownership programs. The chapter also identifiesthe number of units to be lost from the assisted housing inventory.Chapter 3 presents housing trends, specifically trends related to age, income, households, migrationand commuting. The chapter continues with a discussion of market preferences, trends in housingtypes, development patterns and housing conditions.Chapter 4, Demand for and Cost of Housing, looks at existing conditions and housing cost (value,median home sale price and median rent). The current foreclosure situation is discussed as is theNeighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP). Barriers to affordable housing are presented, along withinformation from the York County Housing Summit.The Housing Needs Assessment contained in Chapter 5 considers housing needs identified from avariety of sources including the surveys, public meetings, and by agencies that deal with housingneeds. The needs identified by the Housing Authority are also presented. The housing ne eds bycategories of persons affected are also presented with detailed information provided for the balanceof the County (not including York City). Current and projected needs are then prioritized. T heGeneral Introduction to the Housing Plan 39

Housing & Community Development Planchapter also conside rs the housing -related nee ds of those suffe ring with HI V/AIDS and thedisproportionate racial/ethic group housing needs.Chapter 6 pr esents informa tion related to the housing service s to homeless persons , includingservices provided and a homeless nee ds assessment. This Chapter a lso cont ains informationregarding the Continuum of Care.Housing for spe cial need persons who a re not homele ss are covered in Chapter 7. T he chapterdefines special ne eds non-homele ss as well as disable d. The Chapte r presents an ana lysis offacilities to house special non-homeless persons and services available.Chapter 8 p resents t he C ounty’s h ousing s trategies re lated t o af fordable h ousing, fair h ousing,homelessness, public housing and lead based paint. Additionally, the Countywide housing strategiesare presented.SummaryThis part pre sents the County’s housing plan. The ne xt part of the Pl an discusses the County’sneighborhood conservation and enhancement, providing a bridge to the community developmentplan (Part IV). The last part of the Plan brings it all together by establishing priority housing andcommunity development needs and presenting the housing and community development strategicplan.40General Introduction to the Housing Plan

Chapter 2Housing SupplyIntroductionThis Chapter will explore York County’s housing supply, including housing totals and populationand housing densities. Patterns of g rowth will also be examined, as we ll as trends in housingdevelopment. Because this Housing and Community Development Plan meets the requirements ofboth the MPC and HUD, data is pre sented for York County, York City and the ba lance of theCounty.Existing ConditionsOver the past 50 years, York County has added a large number of housing units of varying densities.This section contains housing unit data from the US Census Bureau, as well as building permit datamaintained by the York County Planning Commission. Historical data is included, however, moredetail for the post-1990 period is provided.Housing Totals - US Census BureauYork County is not unli ke other areas, specifically in that the trends in housing production havefollowed economic cycles. Figure 4 presents multi-year housing unit data . The total number ofhousing units has increased each decade since 1950.Source: US Census BureauIt is also interesting to look at the number of new housing units added by decade. Table 4 presentsthat information. The largest increase since 1950 was between 1970 and 1980, during which decadethe total number of housing units increased by 26,439 or 29%. For the period 2000-2007, a totalHousing Supply 41

Housing & Community Development Planof 17,780 housing units have been added. It will be interesting to track this statistic through the endof the decade.Table 4: Housing Units Added by Decade, York County, 1950-20071950-1960 1960-1970 1970-1980 1980-1990 1990-2000 2000-200716,594 12,779 26,439 17,895 21,959 17,780Source: US Census BureauFor purposes of this Plan, it is important to look not only at the County in total, but also the balanceof York County, removing the York City data. Table 5, below, shows the total number of housingunits added by decade since 1950, considering all municipalities but York City. Note some of thetotals are higher than the County totals. For those decades, York City’s total housing unitsdecreased.Table 5: Housing Units Added by Decade, Balance of York County, 1950-20071950-1960 1960-1970 1970-1980 1980-1990 1990-2000 2000-200716,067 12,942 26,216 18,802 21,832 17,568Source: US Census BureauIt may also be he lpful to review da ta based on the housing unit data for Y ork County, by year,between 2000 and 2007, as shown on Table 6 below. These estimates are available for the Countyleveldata, only.Table 6: Total Housing Units, York County, 2000-20072000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007156,720 158,926 160,797 163,395 166,175 168,875 171,590 174,590Source: US Census BureauIn the last seven (7) years, the total number of housing units has increased approximately 11%, withabout a 1.5% average increase annually.As stated previously, annual housing unit estimates are available at the county level only, so YorkCity data is only available for 2000 and 2005-2007. In 2000, there were 18,534 housing units in theCity. I n 2005-2007, the City’s total housing units decreased slightly to 1 8,308 housing units.Looking at the balance of the County, in 2000 there were 138,186 housing units, increasing to156,282 in 2007.Housing Units by MunicipalityThe most recent housing unit data by municipality comes from the 2000 Census. Table 7 presentsthe information. As shown, York City is the municipality with the most housing units (18,534),comprising approximately 12% of the County ’s total hou sing units. Yorka na B orough is themunicipality with the least (100), or 0.06% of the County’s total housing units.42Housing Supply

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 7: Housing Units by Municipality, 2000MunicipalityTotalUnitsMunicipalityTotalUnitsMunicipalityTotalUnitsCarroll Township 1,733 Hellam Township 2,538 Red Lion Borough 2,729Chanceford Township 2,257 Hopewell Township 1,842 Seven Valleys Borough 204Codorus Township 1,398 Jackson Township 2,364 Shrewsbury Borough 1,367Conewago Township 2,113 Jacobus Borough 500 Shrewsbury Township 2,206Cross Roads Borough 185 Jefferson Borough 261 Springettsbury Township 9,483Dallastown Borough 1,707 Lewisberry Borough 150 Springfield Township 1,506Delta Borough 324 Loganville Borough 377 Spring Garden Township 4,343Dillsburg Borough 936 Lower Chanceford Township 1,169 Spring Grove Borough 848Dover Borough 790 Lower Windsor Township 3,057 Stewartstown Borough 718Dover Township 7,217 Manchester Borough 1,058 Warrington Township 1,766East Hopewell Township 800 Manchester Township 5,122 Washington Township 941East Manchester Township 1,986 Manheim Township 1,119 Wellsville Borough 124East Prospect Borough 272 Monaghan Township 881 West Manchester Township 7,417Fairview Township 5,788 Mount Wolf Borough 570 West Manheim Township 1,745Fawn Township 994 Newberry Township 5,706 West York Borough 2,010Fawn Grove Borough 198 New Freedom Borough 1,340 Windsor Borough 525Felton Borough 182 New Salem Borough 266 Windsor Township 5,084Franklin Township 1,769 North Codorus Township 2,987 Winterstown Borough 215Franklintown Borough 222 North Hopewell Township 984 Wrightsville Borough 1,009Glen Rock Borough 753 North York Borough 778 Yoe Borough 456Goldsboro Borough 365 Paradise Township 1,359 York City 18,534Hallam Borough 713 Peach Bottom Township 1,852 York Township 10,258Hanover Borough 9,682 Penn Township 5,643 Yorkana Borough 100Heidelberg Township 1,104 Railroad Borough 116 York Haven Borough 305Source: US Census BureauUpdated municipal-level housing unit data will be released with the 2010 US Census.Units in StructureAs defined by the US Census Bureau, “a structure is a separate building that either has open spaceson all sides or is separated from other structures by dividing walls that extend from ground to roof.In determining the number of units in structure, all housing units, both occupied and vacant, arecounted.” According to the 2000 Census, there were 156,720 housing units in York County and18,534 in York City.Housing Supply 43

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 8: Units in Structure, 2000Dwelling Type York County York City Balance of County1 unit - detached 99,098 3,441 95,6571 unit - attached 22,076 7,961 14,1152 units 7,024 2,831 4,1933-4 units 6,646 2,172 4,4745-9 units 4,941 720 4,22110-19 units 2,951 315 2,63620+ units 3,472 1,031 2,441mobile home 10,446 46 10,400boat, RV, van 66 17 49total 156,720 18,534 138,186Table 8 presents the units in structure data for 2000 for the County, the City and the balance of theCounty. Single-unit detached comprises about 63% of the total housing units in the County, with asignificant portion located outside the City. About 43% of the units in York City are single-unitattached. Almost 7% of the total units in the Count y were mobile homes, the vast majority beinglocated outside York City.For purposes of comparison, in 1990 there were at total of 134,761 housing units in the County, ofwhich approximately 61% were single detached. The total number of mobile homes was higher in1990 (11,961) than in 2000.Average Household SizeIn 2000, the average household size for an owner-occupied unit in York County was 2.61; in the Cityit was 2.51. The average household size for a renter-occupied unit in York County was 2.23 and inthe City it was 2.45 persons.Building Permit DataTo get an idea of what has happened since 2000, residential building permit data for 2000 to 2007is presented. Building permit data is base d on repor ts submit ted to the York County PlanningCommission by local municipalities.44Housing Supply

Housing & Community Development PlanNew Residential Construction Permits, 2000-2007Table 9 shows the annual new residential construction permits and the total new dwelling units from2000 to 2007.Table 9:New Residential Construction Permits and Total New Residential Units, York County 2000-20072000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007New Residential Construction Permits 2,082 2,085 2,501 2,537 2,426 2,728 2,504 1,956Total New Residential Units 2,107 2,232 2,761 2,931 2,688 2,064 2,715 1,895Source: YCPCDwelling Units by Structure TypeFor the per iod above, a total of 20,393 dwelling units were pr oposed. The ne w re sidentialconstruction permits data can be generally categorized as follows: single family detached, singlefamily semi-detached, single family attached and multifamily.As shown in Figure 5, almost 70% of the new residentialconstruction permits issued 2000-2007 were for singlefamily detached units. I t is im portant to note that thebuilding permit data on file does not provide sufficientdetail t o d etermine if tow nhomes a re singl e fa milydetached or multifamily. For purposes of this analysis,they are considered single family attached and make up13% of the total new residential construction permits.Apartments and condominiums comprise ‘multi-family’and also represent about 13% of the ne w residentialconstruction permits for the same period.New Residential Construction Permits by MunicipalityExamining the new residential construction permits by municipality over the period 2000-2007 canprovide a sense of where new development ha s recently occurred. Five ( 5) municipalities haveadded ove r 1,000 dwe lling units since 2000. The y are Manche ster T ownship (1,762), YorkTownship (1,753), Windsor Township (1,653), Dover Township (1,399), and Fairview Township(1,007). There are ten (10) other municipalities that have added at least 500 new dwelling unitsduring the same time.It is also informative to look at the number of dwelling units by structure type. Same as was donefor the entire County, considering the data by municipality, the following highlights from the 2000-2007 data are presented.Single Family Detached: Ten ( 10) municipalities have a dded more than 500 single familydetached units, which includes mobile homes. Manchester Township added the most with 1,220units, followed by Windsor Township (1,148). The following completes the list of thoseHousing Supply 45

Housing & Community Development Planmunicipalities adding more than 500 single family detached units: Dover Township (890), YorkTownship (786), Fairview Township (716), East Manchester Township (691), West ManchesterTownship (679), Newberry Township (644), West Manheim Township (567), and ConewagoTownship (508).Single Family Attached: Five (5) municipalities added more than 200 single family attachedunits. Those areWindsor Township (332), Manchester Township (330), Dover Township (224),Fairview Township (211) and Hallam Borough (200).Multi-Family: Seven (7) municipalities added more that 100 multi-family units. York Townshipadded the most with 737, followed by Springettsbury Township (298), Hallam Borough (235),Jackson Township (182), Nor th Codorus Township (164), Manc hester Township (143) a ndWindsor Township (118). Single Family Semi-Detached: This structure type had the least new units for the period 2000-2007. Only two (2) municipalities added over 100 single-family semi-detached units -- DoverTownship (238) and York Township (112).DensityBoth population densit y and housing unit density are essential to include in the c ontext of theHousing Plan. Population and housing unit density information is presented for the County, as wellas individual highlights for municipalities.Population DensityPopulation density is determined by d ividing thetotal population by the total area, measured in squaremiles. Population density is expressed as “personsper square mile.” To determine population densityfor 1950-2008, the total County population for eachdecade was divided by the County’s total area (911square miles). What results is the population densitytrend for the past 58 years, as shown on Figure 6.Using the 2008 estimate for the County, the mostcurrent population density is 466 persons per squareSource: US Census Bureaumile. This r epresents a 11% change from 2 000,when the County’s population density was 419 persons per square mile.Municipal p opulation d ensity i s a lso a vailable. F or e ase o f r eview, T able 1 0: p resents s omecomparative municipal population density information for 2000 and 2008. As shown, in 2000, WestYork Borough had the highest population density with 8,642 persons per square mile. Again in 2008,West York Borough had the highest population density with 8,392 persons per square mile. LowerChanceford Township was the least densely populated municipality in both 2000 and 2008 with 72and 76 persons per square mile respectively.46Housing Supply

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 10: Population Density by Municipality, Highs and LowsBorough with lowestpopulation densityBorough withhighest populationdensityTownship with lowestpopulation densityTownship with highestpopulation density2000 Winterstown Borough West York Borough Lower Chanceford Township(228 persons/mi 2 ) (8,642 persons/mi 2 2) (72 persons/mi )2008 Winterstown Borough West York Borough Lower Chanceford Township(224 persons/mi 2 ) (8,392 persons /mi 2 2) (76 persons/mi )Spring Garden Township(1,787 persons/mi 2 )Spring Garden Township(1,804 persons/mi 2 )Other comparisons from 2000-2008 are also telling. Halam Borough had the highest percent changein population density during that seven year period – an 87.1% increase. West Manheim Townshiphad the greatest percent increase of the County’s townships, with a 52.3% incre ase. None of theCounty’s townships had a decrease in population density between 2000 and 2007.The map on the following page shows the County’s population density. As shown, the darker thecoloration, the denser the population. Those municipalities shaded in the lig htest tan have apopulation density of up to 200 persons per square mile. Some of the norther n townships(Monaghan, Washington and Warrington) have a density of less than 200 persons per square mile.The south ea stern part of the County , comprised of Chanceford, East Hopewell, Fawn, L owerChanceford and Peach Bottom Townships have population densities at the lower end of the range.Housing DensityHousing unit densi ty is determined by taking thetotal number of hou sing units divided by the totalarea measured in square miles. Housing unit densityis then expressed as “housing units per square mile.”The housing unit density trend for the past 57 yearsis presented in Figure 7.As shown, with the 2007 housingunit estimates, thehousing unit density in York County is 191 housingunits per square mile. Over the course of time, themost si gnificant ch ange in h ousing un it d ensityoccurred between 1970 and 1980 (29% increase).This is not surprising, cons idering the number ofhousing units added throug hout the County duringthat period (26,439).Source: US Census Bureau, YCPCMunicipal housing unit density is also a factor to consider. Using the 2000 (most current) municipalhousing unit totals, it is shown that West York Borough had the highest housing unit density with4,102 housing units per square mile. Lower Chanceford had the lowest housing unit density with28 housing units per square mile. Spring Garden Township had the highest housing density amongtownships (1,798 housing units per square mile).Housing Supply 47

Housing & Community Development PlanMap 448Housing Supply

Housing & Community Development PlanPublic HousingThe York Housing Authority manages and operates public housing units located in York City andYork County, as well as the Section 8 Rental Assistance Program for both the City and the County.Public Housing - Number and Condition of UnitsAt the present, there are 1,069 public housing units located in YorkCounty. Of that total, 611 are family units and 455 are housing unitsfor the elderly. In addition, there are 44 Turnkey units through theHomeownership Opportunity Project; 21 of which have been sold.All of the public housing and Turnkey units are in standard conditionand many are undergoing further modernization. The abatement oflead-based pa int hazards in all public housing units has beencompleted and educational materials are provided to participants inboth public housing and Section 8 housing units.Figure 8: Broad Park Manor, YorkHousing AuthorityPublic Housing - Restoration/Revitalization NeedsThe Housing Authority identified the following needs in its 2009 Ag ency Plan to HUD. Theproposed projects to address these needs will be carried out during 2010-2013 in its Capital FundProgram-Five (5) Y ear Action Plan for 2010- 2013. As shown, the work statement indicate srenovation and revitalization projects for seventeen (17) developments.Table11: Public Housing Restoration/Revitalization Needs, 2010-2013Development General Description of Major Work Categories Work StatementYearBroad Park ManorReplace parapets and aprons at 440 and 449 E KingReplace aprons at 133 S Broad440 E King- replace sewer lineCut and repoint brick at each floor lintelReplace carpet in lobbies and community roomsAdd address system for fire alarms; replace strobes and hornsReplace supply valves and two boiler valvesRebuild incinerators at 133 and 449Add smoke alarms per HUD (94 units)Update elevatorsNew underground wiring tor exterior lightingReplace kitchen cabinets/countertops (94 units)Replace machine room A/CAdd automatic door openers on laundry room doors (3 openers)200920092009201020112011201120122011, 2012, 20132010, 2012, 20132013201320132013Housing Supply 49

Housing & Community Development PlanTable11: Public Housing Restoration/Revitalization Needs, 2010-2013Development General Description of Major Work Categories Work StatementYearCodorus HomesReplace domestic hot water lines (20 units)Remove asbestos (20 units)Replace tub drains with straight line (20 units)Replace kitchen cabinets (48 units)Extend cleanouts or funds toward Revitalization effort underHOPE VI (48 units)Replace copper pikes in boiler rooms (9 boiler rooms)Replace hardwood floors (20 units)Replace storm doors (96 doors) or use funds toward HOPE VIrevitalization efforts20092009200920112011201120112011Codorus Homes Ext Replace kitchen cabinets/counter top (12 units) 2011Cottage Place Replace exterior doors and flooring as needed (6 units) 2009Eastwood Terrace Replace exterior and patio doors and flooring as needed (17units)2009The FairmontFairmont VillageFielding WayGlen Rock/WindsorJefferson CommunityCenterstReplace 1 floor hall carpet with VCT and replace carpet inhallway 4 floorsRepair/replace tile in lobbyReplace A/C and water cooled heat pumps (3 units)Replace each floor lobby/elevator coiled A/C units (5 units)Replace rooftop gas-fired make up air unit (1 unit)Replace community room heat and A/CUpgrade fire alarm system, add enunciatorAdd automatic door openers for doors off elevators (10 openers)Remodel manager’s officeInstall security cameras for the exterior/grounds (6 cameras,monitor)Add bus shelterReplace siding and sheds (25 units)Install security cameras for exterior/grounds (10 cameras, server)Additional retaining wall with drainage pipeReplace stoves and range hoods (15 each in 15 units)Install security cameras for exterior/grounds (10 cameras andserverFinish re-pointing stone 135, 137, 139 Hanover StreetAdd sheds for additional storage (9 units)Re-point brickAdd 3M film on windows to reduce energy costs (93 windows)ndRepair/replace 2 floor ceilingAdd canopies to south front and rear entrancesRe-pave parking lot and add walkway from lot to sidewalk2010201020122012201220132013201320132013201020132013200920122013200920122013201320132013201350Housing Supply

Housing & Community Development PlanTable11: Public Housing Restoration/Revitalization Needs, 2010-2013Development General Description of Major Work Categories Work StatementYearParkway Homes(all work intended for188 units unless noted)Parkway HomesExtendedRed LionScattered Site(York City)Scattered Sites(York County)Springfield ApartmentsStony Brook ManorNew management office and site improvements; demolition of oldmanagement officeUpgrade panels to 150 amps and hard-wire smoke alarms perHUDNew fencingDemolition row homes (18 units)Add parking and lights, sidewalk at two demo sitesRelocation costsSecurity cameras for grounds (30 cameras and monitor)Replace kitchen cabinets/countertops and soffit over stovesReplace shut off valves at radiatorsReplace pantry radiator risersNew radiators in bathrooms with ball valvesUnderground utilities and separate metersReplace 30" electric stovesReplace tub liners, subfloors and sheet vinyl in bathroomsReplace commercial water heaters (27 each)Add/replace 50 windows to meet egress in bedrooms (68 units)Replace front and rear porches (16 units)New fencing (68 units)Replace tub liners (84 units)Replace roofs100 Henrietta- replace rear porchReplace windows with EnergyStar windows (10 bldg./10 units)Add sheds for storage (6 units)30-32 N Hartley- rebuild retaining wall, patio and fenceAdd smoke alarms per HUD (17 units)Add sheds for additional storage (17 units)30 and 32 N Hartley- change steam boiler to hot waterReplace boilers and furnace (9 buildings)20 N George- replace existing roof with rubber roof559 S Main, 257 N Main, 32 Park - replace garage door andgarage wiring19 W Pennsylvania - new intercomReplace windows with EnergyStar windows (11 bldgs/22 units)Add sheds for additional storage (24 units)Replace boilers and furnace (11 buildings)28 North Main- replace rear porchReplace rooftop gas-fired make up air unit (1 unit)Replace community room heat and A/C unitUpgrade alarm system, add enunciatorAdd jockey pump to sprinklerReplace bearings for fire pump (1 pump)Replace boilers, heating and DHW (1 building)20092009201020102010201020102011201120112011201120122012201320092009201020122013201220122012200920102010, 2012201120132009201020102012201220132013201220132013201020122012Housing Supply 51

Housing & Community Development PlanTable11: Public Housing Restoration/Revitalization Needs, 2010-2013Development General Description of Major Work Categories Work StatementYearWellington HomesWhite Rose SeniorCenterNew facades and site improvement for facades (14 units, 2bldgs)Underground pipe replacement, heating/hot water return anddomestic hot water supply and returnRemodel community center for management officeReplace water heatersReplace 30" gas stoves (71 units)New facades and site improvements for facades (14 units/2bldg.)Underground utilities and separate meters (72 units)Replace dining room A/CReplace rear concrete porch2009, 2010, 201120092010201120122012201320102013Wrightsville/WestManchesterReplace underground domestic water line units at Wrightsvillecodecompliance (10 units)Source: York Housing Authority, Capital Fund Program 5-Year Action Plan, Physical Needs Work StatementAdditional information is detailed in the Housing Authority’s Capital Fund portion of the AgencyPlan.Public Housing- Section 504 Needs AssessmentThe Housing Authority currently has 272 tenant family members who are disabled and 43 existingaccessible units for the mobility disabled. A total of 43 units have been adapted for hearing/visionimpaired tenants. All new developments will continue to have the 5% or 2% quota applied. Whiledisabled applicants do not receive a preference, they have first priority on the waiting list foraccessible units after existing disabled tenants have been given a chance to occupy the unit.Housing Authority - Management/Operating StrategyThe Housing Authority’s Operation and Management Strategy is set forth in its 2009 Agency Plan.The following priorities and strategies separated as Public Housing and Section 8 Program are takenfrom the Agency Plan.Public Housing:To continue to focus on service to families and individuals with low income; especiallyincomes at or below 30% of the County’s median incomeTo remain committed to a long term strategy to sustain and enhance current facilitiesTo ensure that investment in rehabilitation is planned with regularly-scheduled input andreview by residents, Resident Advisory Board and agency staffTo continually look for sources of additional revenue to meet rehabilitation and propertyimprovement goalsTo collaborate with the City and the County government offices and other housing andservice providers to fill the g ap betwe en needs a nd resour ces a nd to improveneighborhoodsTo enact amendments that were proposed to the Abuse Policy and Smoke Detector Policyin the last Annual Plan200952Housing Supply

Housing & Community Development PlanTo have management continue to learn and take on a dditional responsibilities leadingtoward complete “asset management” of the Asset Management Projects (AMP’s) assignedto themTo continue to work toward improved energy efficiency agency-wideExpected turnover: 188 (in 2009) vs. 195 (in 2008)Section 8 Program:To apply for additional Continuum of Care funding for additional rent subsidies, subjectto NOFA.To continue to work with voucher holders through the Family Self Sufficiency Programtoward the Section 8 Homeownership Program goalTo re-open the Section 8 waiting list (for HCV Program) in accordance with policies in theSection 8 Administrative PlanTo apply for 35 additional vouchers under the Family Reunification Program and makevouchers available in a collaborated effort to assist individuals aging out of foster careTo apply for Section 8 vouchers to provide relocation alternatives to families impacted byproposed demolition of public housingSRO subsidies project-based to the YMCA were reduced from 56 to 45 vouchersTo add 14 subsidies for a total of 29 expected to be served by Shelter Plus Care for 2009-2010To continue direct deposit of rent payments to landlords and to work on “website landlordaccess” for owners to view payment histories on-lineTo address the need to contract with another entity to conduct Section 8 HQS inspectionsand rent reasonableness review for all units managed by the Housing AuthorityExpected turnover: 230 (in 2009) vs. 205 (in 2008)Housing Authority’s Comprehensive Grant ProgramThe Capital Fund Program Grant as requested in the York Housing Authority Agency Plan underFederal Fiscal Year 2009 is $1,593,801. The Agency Annual Plan details the plans for managementand physical improvements over the next five (5) year period.Section 8 Rental AssistanceThe Housing Authority curr ently administers 1,565 Housing Choice Vouc hers. The se rentalsubsidies are thr ough the Section 8 Prog ram whic h targ ets very low i ncome house holds. TheHousing Authority, being County-wide, does not identify these units by City or County. Of the totalunits, 50 of these are set aside for the Dutch Kitchen and 48 re set aside for the YMCA, both areSRO projects located within York City. Fourteen (14) subsidies were added for a total of 29 expectedto be served by Shelter Plus Care. The rest of the subsidies are tenant based vouchers, underscoringthe need for additional rental assistance within the community. The Housing Authority will applyfor new vouchers in the future subject to availability. The Housing Authority closed the Section 8waiting list on January 14, 2009, at 5:00 PM.The Section 8 Housing Choice VoucherProgram is currently 99% leased-up, with twenty-seven (27)of the subsidies in use the County and City having equal percentages. The unit size breakdown forsubsidies in use is as follows: 79 subsidies for SRO units , 422 for one -bedroom, 453 for twobedroom,417 for three-bedroom, 83 for four bedroom, and 50 for five-bedroom units.Housing Supply 53

Housing & Community Development PlanOther Local, State and Federal Assisted HousingIn addition to assistance off ered through the Housing Authority, other F ederal, State, and loca lfunded programs have provided assistance for the development of affordable housing units in theCounty. Examples of rental programs include the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)program; Section 202 , 236, and 811 Programs; USDA Rural De velopment; Home I nvestmentPartnership Act (HOME) Program; Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program; Penn HOMESProgram; taxable and tax exempt bond financing; PHFAConstruction Loan Program; m ulti-funded p rojects;Core Communities Housing Program/Brownfields forHousing and other housing assistance programs throughthe De partment of Com munity a nd Ec onomicDevelopment ( DCED). Ho meownership pr ogramsinclude the Yo rk Ho mebuyers As sistance Pr ogram,PHFA p rograms, Tu rnkey Ho meownership Pr ogram,and the Affordable Housing Trust Fund.Figure 9: Village Court Apartments, Dover BoroughAssisted Rental Housing ProjectsWith the assistance of Federal, State, and local funds, numerous rental housing projects for lowerincome households have been developed throughout the County, outside the City of York. A listingof the Programs that have provided assistance is provided below.Section 202 Program: The HUD Section 202 Program helps expand the supply of affordablehousing wi th supportive services for the e lderly. It provides v ery low-income e lderly withoptions that allow th em to live independently but in an environment that provide s supportactivities such as cleaning, cooking, transportation, etc. The Program is similar to SupportiveHousing for Persons with Disabilities (Section 811).In York County, Bell Housing, Inc. is a nonprofit owner corporation co-sponsored by York AreaDevelopment Corporation (YADC) and Bell Socialization Services, Inc. It was created in 1985.It owns 20 scattered site rental units financed by HUD’s Section 202 Program for the chronicallymentally ill. The units are in eight (8) renovated houses scattered throughout York City. Two (2)of the buildings are group homes with four(4) bedrooms each, and six (6) of the buildings aretwo (2)-unit apartment houses.54Section 236 Program: Through the Federal Section 236 Program, assistance was provided forthe development of aff ordable and ac cessible housing for the e lderly and disabled. One ( 1)Section 236 development, c ontaining 112 one-bedroom units (seven (7) of which a re specialneeds), is located in the County.Section 8 11 Pr ogram: T hrough this H UD Pr ogram, f unding is p rovided to no nprofitorganizations to develop rental housing with the availability of supportive services for very lowincome adults with disabilities. Rent subsidies are provided for the projects to help make themaffordable. The 811 Prog ram a llows persons with disabiliti es to live as indepe ndently aspossible. The Program is similar to Section 202. Two (2) 811 projects, providing 27 units forthose suffering with chronic mental illness, are available in York City and West York BoroughHousing Supply

Housing & Community Development PlanUSDA Rural De velopment Program: The U nited States Depa rtment of Ag riculture (USDA)Rural Development Program has provided assistance for the development of affordable rentalhousing for families throughout the County. There are 193 units in York County, which consistof 46 units for the elderly, 147 units for families, and 8 units for special needs persons.HOME Investment Partnership Program (HOME): Through the County’s Housing DevelopmentProgram, d evelopers re ceive a ssistance fr om t he Cou nty’s HO ME I nvestment P artnershipProgram (HOME) funds for the development of affordable housing in the County. There arecurrently 1,070 affordable rental units in the County that were created using multiple fundingsources, including HOME funds. Rents for these properties do not exceed Fair Market Rent forthe area. Each year, HUD publishes both rent limits and income limits for these units, which theHOME Pr ogram Sp ecialist di stributes to t he ow ners/developers/managers of the un its.Compliance with these limits i s monito red on a monthly basis. Affir mative marke tingrequirements are also attac hed to these units. An additional 125 units are currently in thedevelopment stage.Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program : The Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency (PHFA)administers the F ederal Low Income Housing Tax Credit (L IHTC) Program. This Prog ramprovides owners and investors of affordable rental housing developments with tax credits thatoffer a dollar-for-dollar reduction in their tax liability. A total of 25 housingprojects, consistingof 1,223 units have utilized LIHTC in the County. Of that total, 573 of those units have beendesignated for elderly and 650 units are general occupancy units. A total of $8,427,412 in taxcredits has been invested in the County. There are 713 LIHTC units are located in the City ofYork with 161 being designated elderly and 552 designated general occupancy units. $2,252,336in tax credits has been invested in the city with a total of $10,679,748 in LIHTC having beeninvested in all of York County.PennHOMES Program: Through this Program, PHFA offers interest-free deferred payment loansto support the development of affordable rental housing for lower income households. Nine (9)housing projects, consisting of 464 units (most projects containing less than all the units in thedevelopment being PennHOMES units) contain PennHOMES units. In the City, six (6) housingprojects, consisting of 342 units contain PennHOMES units, for a combined County/City totalof 806 PennHOMES units.Taxable and Tax Exempt Bond Financing: PHFA provides sponsors of affordable housing withbelow-market rate permanent financing for building or rehabilitating rental units through the saleof PHFA bonds. In York County, seven (7) housing projects have been assisted.PHFA Construction Loan Program: PHFA makes below market-rate construction loans availableto sponsors of rental housing projects. At least 20% of the residents of the development musthave incomes that do not exceed 50% of the area’s median income (low income households).The remainder of the residents must have in comes of not more than 60% of median income.Because of the competitiveness of the tax credit process, most applicants are being required toset a side a percentage of the un its fo r r esidents a t 20 % o f a rea me dian in come. T heseapplications are scored higher and have been the deals being funded.Housing Supply 55

Housing & Community Development PlanMulti-Funded Units: Many of the rental housing developments in York Countythat target lowerincome households were developed using a variety of Federal, State, local and private funds.Developers typically must create a funding package that involves a variety of funding sourcesin order for the project to become a reality. CDBG, Affordable Housing Trust Fund (AHTF),HOME funds and state funds utilizing Housing Assistance Programs through the Department ofCommunity and Ec onomic Deve lopment (DCED) a nd Affordable Housing Prog ram fundsthrough the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh and New York are often used to leverageother public and private funds. In this competitive market, it is taking an average of three (3) tofive (5) years for projects to receive all the necessary funding from the many different fundingsources.Affordable Housing Trust Funds a re County dollars re sulting from fees to recor d deeds a ndmortgages. These funds provide the required non-Federal match for the HOME program and areused to assist low/moderate inc ome first time homebuyers and to provide assistance for thedevelopment of affordable rental housing. The rental housing side is presented here, while thehomeownership aspect of AHTF is outlined in the next section.According to the 2008 York Count y CAPER, there are examples of multi-funded units. TheAHTF funds were expended for the Hanover Senior Residence located in Hanover Borough.Completed in 2008, this development provides 24 affordable rental housing units for the elderly.Additionally, Hopewell Courtyards (Stewartstown Borough) utilized AHTF funds for acquisitioncosts associated with a new construction project that proposes 96 affordable rental units for theelderly.Core Communities Housing Prog ram (CCHP)/Br ownfields for Housing : Administ ered byDCED, the Core Communities Housing Program (formerly Brownfields for Housing) providesState-funded grants for affordable housing activities in core communities. This initiative fundshousing activities eligible under the Housing and Redevelopment Assistance program for newor rehabilitated housing developments, but only on previously developed sites. Projects aredesigned to meet the following principles: community changing on a long-term basis; promotehousing su stainability; e ncourage c ommunity sta bility; c reate spin-off p rivate inv estment;support economic and business growth and job creation; and provide other lasting improvements.In 2005, York County received an award of $500,000in Brownfields for Housing funds from DCED for theconstruction o f Sp ringwood D evelopmentCorporation's Stony Brook Gardens. These funds wereFigure 10: Stony Brook Gardens, SpringettsburyTownship56Housing Supply

Housing & Community Development Planreceived and spent in 2006 and the first quarter of 2007 for the construction of this project. Thisproject provides the east side of York with 84 a fordable rental housing units for the elderly. Thisdevelopment, which also utilized HOME and AHTF dollars, was completed and totally rentedup by October 31, 2007.In 2007, the County received $495,485 of Core Communities Housing Program (CCHP) fundsfrom DCED for the renovation of Building 5 of the Hanover Shoe campus in Hanover Boroughby Pennrose Development. This renovation provides 24 affordable rental units for the elderly.The CCHP Program replaces the Br ownfields for Housing Program. No CCHP funds wer eawarded to York County in 2008.Homeownership ProgramsThere are a var iety of prog rams in York County to assist indi viduals and fa milies to pursuehomeownership. T his secti on dis cusses th e Yo rk Ho mebuyers As sistance Pr ogram,Homeownership Prog rams throug h PHFA, the T urnkey Homeowne rship Program, and theAffordable Housing Trust Fund.York Homebuyers Assistance Program: This Program provides down payment and closing costassistance to eligible County residents as a forgivable loan. The Program is implemented withthe cooperation of the Realtors’ Association of York and Adams Counties, the Housing Allianceof York and the City of York. The Program assists low and moderate income individuals andfamilies. Since the inception of the program in August 1994, 310 households have receivedassistance for the purchase of a home outside the City of York During 2008, eleven (11) firsttime homebuyers were assisted with AHTF monies to purchase homes in Hellam, Manchester,Newberry, Springettsbury, and Spring Garden Townships as well as Dover, Mount Wolf and RedLion Boroughs.PHFA Homeownership Programs: PHFA offers a number of opportunities for lower incomefamilies to buy homes of their own. Qualification factors vary among programs, however, allare available to per sons with disabili ties. To date, 3,150 sing le fa mily loans, totaling$227,064,361 have been approved to assist lower income households with home purchase.Turnkey Homeownership Program: The York Housing Authority offers a program that is aunique opportunity for f irst time home buyers. The turnkey/lease purchase program offerseligible tenants the a bility to b ecome ho meowners of the ir ow n u nit by pa rticipating inworkshops and a rent payment set-aside initiative that helps families save for down payment andclosing costs after two (2) years of program participation. Interested families agree to attendhomebuyer t raining a nd le arn a bout l ong te rm c osts a nd ob ligations a ssociated w ithhomeownership.The Turnkey Homeownership Program offers three (3) and (4) bedroom townhomes located inthree (3) different City locations. Currently, 21 units have been sold. Eligibility includes incomeguidelines and the a bility to obtain private fina ncing for the pur chase of the unit. Unites ar eleased for the first two (2) years. Escrow funds are put aside for the purchase of the units.Housing Supply 57

Housing & Community Development PlanUnits Expected to be Lost From Assisted Housing InventoryPennsylvania Housing Finance Agency (PHFA) administers the Section 8 Contracts forproject basedSection 8 Housing in York County. This consists of 287 units in York City, 491 units in the balanceof York County for a total of 778 project-based Section 8 units.With regard to the units rehabilitated through the HOMEProgram, a total of 4 units were lost as a result of the loanbeing paid in full in 2006. I n the next five (5) y ears, 91units will reach the end of the original affordability periodimposed at time of development. Currently, the Housingand Commun ity Deve lopment L oan Committ ee a ndPlanning Commission staff are studying this situation andwill b e de veloping a pla n f or pa yback o f t he HO MEinvestment or extension of the affordability period. If theloans are paid back, the units will no longer be monitoredas assisted housing.Figure 11: Shelly School Apartments, West YorkBoroughThe following is a list of current HOME affordable rental developments, the project c ompletiondates and end of affordability dates.Table 12: HOME Affordable Rental Developmentsnumber ofunitsdevelopmentcompletion dateend ofaffordabilityTailored Lady (Hanover Borough) 11 12/21/1994 12/21/2010Warehouse Apartments (Hanover Borough) 33 9/24/1996 9/24/2014Shrewsbury Courtyards (Shrewsbury Borough) 47 12/21/1997 12/21/2013Wyndamere Apartments (springettsbury Township) 65 11/11/1996 11/11/2021Park View at Tyler Run (York Township) 80 1/13/1997 1/12/2023Manchester Heights Apts (West Manchester Township) 64 12/03/1998 12/03/2029M’Calister Inn (Hanover Borough) 34 12/15/1998 12/15/2029Opera House I (Red Lion Borough) 50 1/28/1999 1/28/2029New Freedom Apartments (New Freedom Borough) 28 8/16/1999 8/16/2050Poplar Creek Apartments (East Manchester Township) 54 4/27/2000 4/27/2025The Residences at Hanover Shoe (Hanover Borough) 70 12/13/2001 12/13/2032Shrewsbury Courtyards II (Shrewsbury Borough) 55 10/18/2001 10/18/2031Shelly School Apartments (West York Borough) 17 10/31/2001 10/31/2031Opera House II (Red Lion Borough) 30 6/26/2002 6/26/2032Village Court (Dover Township) 60 5/1/2004 5/1/203458Housing Supply

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 12: HOME Affordable Rental Developmentsnumber ofunitsdevelopmentcompletion dateend ofaffordabilitySpringwood Overlook (York Township) 84 5/17/2004 5/17/2034York Commons (York Township 102 12/1/2004 12/1/2034Gateway Apartments (West York Borough) 33 2/24/2005 2/24/2035Waverly Court (Springettsbury Township) 46 9/29/2006 9/29/2036Stony Brook Gardens (Springettsbury Township) 84 12/24/2007 9/30/2037Hanover Senior Residences (Hanover Borough) 24 9/26/2008 12/14/2037Source: YCPC HOME ProgramTable 13, on the following pages, provides a summary of the units that are currently assisted in thebalance of the County, outside the City, through Federal, State and/or local programs. For ease ofuse, the a bbreviations that are utilized in Table 13 : Affordable Housing developments of Y orkCounty are defined below:CMIDCEDHAHOMELIHTCRARHSChronic Mental IllnessDepartment of Community and Economic DevelopmentHousing AuthorityHome Investment Partnership ProgramLow Income Housing Tax CreditRental Assistance under Rural HousingRural Housing ServiceTable 13 also includes a variety of City projects,not just public housing.Figure 12: Dutch Kitchen SRO, York CityHousing Supply 59

Table 13: Affordable Housing Developments of York CountyDevelopmentMunicipalityTotalSubsidizedUnitsElderlyUnitsFamilyUnitsAccessible/SpecialNeeds UnitsType of SubsidyTotal1 Dillsburg Heights Dillsburg Borough 13 0 13 2 RHS 362 Green Meadow Dillsburg Borough 46 46 0 6 RHS/RA 463 R-Towne Development Dillsburg Borough 10 0 10 0 RHS 104 Fairmont Village- HA Fairview Township 25 0 25 2 public housing 255 The Fairmont -HA Fairview Township 75 75 0 4 public housing 756 Dairyland Apts. York Township,Dallastown Borough40 40 0 4RHS/Section 8407 Scattered Sites- HA Yoe Borough 10 0 10 0 public housing 108 Country Side Estates Dover Borough 32 0 32 2 RHS 329 Fox Hunter Apts. Dover Borough 46 0 46 1 RHS 4610 Village Court - HA Dover Borough 0 0 60 6 LIHTC, HOME 6011 Scattered Sites- HA Manchester Township 2 0 0 2 public housing 212 Maple Apts. Manchester Borough 8 0 8 0 RHS 813 Fielding Way -HA Newberry Township 15 0 15 4 public housing 1514 Scattered Sites- HA Glen Rock Borough 4 0 4 0 public housing 415 Clearview Terrace I & II Hanover Borough112 112 0 7HUD 236,HUD 202,Section 811216 Scattered sites- HA Hanover FireHouseHanover Borough12 0 12 0Mod Rehab, Section 81217 M’Calister Inn Hanover Borough 0 34 0 2 LIHTC, HOME 3418 Tailored Lady Apts. Hanover Borough 0 0 11 0 LIHTC, HOME 1119 Warehouse Apts. (Yards at BaltimoreSt)Hanover Borough0 0 33 3LIHTC, HOME33

Table 13: Affordable Housing Developments of York CountyDevelopmentMunicipalityTotalSubsidizedUnitsElderlyUnitsFamilyUnitsAccessible/SpecialNeeds UnitsType of SubsidyTotal20 Walnut Street School - HA Hanover Borough39 24 15 0Mod Rehab and Section83921 The Residence at Hanover Shoe Hanover Borough 0 0 70 4 LIHTC, HOME, DCED 7022 Hanover Senior Hanover Borough0 24 0 4LIHTC, HOME, DCED2423 Kain Rehab12-20 Baltimore StHanover Borough19 0 19 0Rental Rehab1924 New Freedom Apts. New Freedom Borough 0 0 28 0 LIHTC, HOME 2825 Poplar Creek Manchester Borough 0 0 54 15 LIHTC, HOME 5426 Opera House I & Red Lion Borough 0 39 11 12 LIHTC, HOME 50Opera House II 0 0 30 8 3027 Scattered Sites- HA Red Lion Borough 10 0 10 0 public housing 1028 Strasburg House Shrewsbury Borough 60 60 0 6 HUD 202 6029 Shrewsbury Courtyard I & Shrewsbury Borough 0 47 0 4 LIHTC, HOME 47Shrewsbury Courtyard II 0 55 0 4 5530 Highland Manor Apts. Stewartstown Borough 33 0 33 1 RHS/Section 8 3331 Scattered Sites- HA Windsor Borough 5 0 5 0 public housing 532 Wrightsville - HA Wrightsville Borough 10 0 10 0 public housing 1033 Dutch Kitchen SRO York City50 0 0 59LIHTC, Rental Rehab,Section 85934 Liberty Apartments York City6 0 6 0neighborhoodassistance635 Penn Apartments York City 7 0 0 7 HUD 811 (CMI) 7

Table 13: Affordable Housing Developments of York CountyDevelopmentMunicipalityTotalSubsidizedUnitsElderlyUnitsFamilyUnitsAccessible/SpecialNeeds UnitsType of SubsidyTotal36 Pullman Building York City 22 22 0 3 LIHTC 2237 Stevens School Apts. York City 12 0 12 0 HUD Rental Rehab 1238 Broad Creek Manor - HA York City 281 281 0 27 public housing 28139 Cable House York City 83 0 83 30 HUD Section 8 8340 Delphia House York City 103 103 0 10 HUD Section 8 10341 400 South George StreetPartnership- Crispus AttucksYork City0 0 36 1LIHTC, Penn HOMES3642 Southeast Historic Partnership-Crispus AttucksYork City21 0 21 1HOME2143 Susan K Williams Partnership-Crispus AttucksYork City0 0 34 0LIHTC, HOME3444 Southeast NeighborhoodPartnership- Crispus AttucksYork City0 0 21 0LIHTC Rental Rehab2145 Crispus Attucks CDC York City0 0 25 0private financing2546 Boundary Avenue-Crispus Attucks York City 0 0 2 0 private financing 247 Yorkbuild-Crispus Attucks York City 0 0 14 0 private financing 1448 Hudson Towers York City0 0 70 4LIHTC, PennHOMESPennHOMES RentalRehab,7049 King Street Apts. York City6 0 6 0NeighborhoodAssistance650 Shady Oak Apts. York City 0 0 35 10 LIHTC, City HOME 3551 Smyser Street Apts. York City 0 0 21 3 LIHTC 2152 Wellington Homes -HA York City 72 0 72 2 public housing 7253 York Towne House -HA York City 200 195 0 5 HUD Section 8 200

Table 13: Affordable Housing Developments of York CountyDevelopmentMunicipalityTotalSubsidizedUnitsElderlyUnitsFamilyUnitsAccessible/SpecialNeeds UnitsType of SubsidyTotal54 York NSA (Village at York) York City 73 0 73 5 HUD Section 8 7355 Codorus Homes- HA scattered sites York City 60 0 60 5 public housing 6056 Family Housing - HA scattered sites York City 44 0 44 0 public housing 4457 Parkway Homes -HA York City 274 28 246 1 public housing 27458 Family Housing- HA scattered sites York City 17 0 17 0 public housing 1759 YMCA SRO York City 1 120 8 12060 YMCA SMB Properties (PHFAscatteredsite)York City0 0 31 3LIHTC3161 Historic Fairmont York City 0 0 38 3 LIHTC, HOME 3862 Mt Rose Avenue Apts. Spring GardenTownship4 0 4 0HOME463 Wyndamere Apts. Springettsbury Township 0 0 65 3 LIHTC, HOME 6564 Waverly Court Apts. Springettsbury Township 0 0 46 8 LIHTC, HOME 4665 Stony Brook Gardens Springettsbury Township 0 84 0 10 LIHTC, HOME 8466 Parkside Townhomes Springettsbury Township 0 0 82 0 LIHTC 8267 Stony Brook Manor-HA Springettsbury Township 100 100 0 10 public housing 10068 Springwood Overlook York Township 0 84 0 9 LIHTC, HOME 8469 York Commons York Township 0 0 102 15 LIHTC, HOME 10270 Parkview at Tyler Run York Township 0 80 0 21 LIHTC, HOME 8071 Manchester Heights West ManchesterTownship0 64 3LIHTC, HOME6472 Gateway Apts. West York Borough 33 0 33 9 LIHTC, HOME 33

Table 13: Affordable Housing Developments of York CountyDevelopmentMunicipalityTotalSubsidizedUnitsElderlyUnitsFamilyUnitsAccessible/SpecialNeeds UnitsType of SubsidyTotal73 Shelly School Apts. West York Borough 0 0 17 5 LIHTC, HOME 1774 Bailey Mills Apts. (Princess StreetApts.)West York Borough0 0 28 7LIHTC and RentalRebab2875 Kingston House West York Borough 78 78 0 8 HUD 202 7876 Bell Housing - scattered sites West York Borough 20 0 0 20 HUD 202 (CMI) 2077 Cloverfield Apts. (non-elderlyhandicapped)West ManchesterTownship24 0 0 24HUD 2022478 North Beaver St Ext, -HA Manchester Township 6 0 6 2 public housing 679 Old Salem Rd Apts.- HA West ManchesterTownship10 0 10 0public housing1080 Ridgefield Court -HA West ManchesterTownship10 0 10 2public housing1081 Springfield Apts. - HA West ManchesterTownship0 75 0 4public housing7582 Stonewood Village West ManchesterTownship50 0 144 0HUD Section 814483 Schartner House at Carroll Village Carroll Township 24 24 0 6 LIHTC 24Total affordable units as of 3/4/2009 4,112

Housing & Community Development PlanSummaryThis Chapter included much information. Beginning with a look at multi-year housing unit data, itis shown that the total number of housing units in the County has increased 185% from 1950 to2007. The lar gest increase was between 1970 and 1980, during which time the total number ofhousing units increased by 26,439 or 29%. Total number of housing units by municipality was alsopresented.Building permit data from 2000-2007 was reviewed, providing a sense of what has happened andis happening in new residential construction in the County. Almost 70% of the proposed dwellingunits for that period were for single family detached units, making that housing type the most popularwith new home builders.A look at density indicates that the County’s housing and population densities continue to rise, from148 housing units and 375 persons per square mile in 1990 to 191 housing units and 462 persons persquare mile in 2007.This Chapter also spent considerable time discussing public housing, specifically the number andcondition of public housing units, restoration/revitalization needs, and strategies. Also presentedwere other local, State and Federal assisted rental and homeownership programs. Another keypiecewas the inclusion of the units to be lost from the assisted housing inventory. A useful table showedall the HOME Affordable Rental Developments, the total number of units, development completiondate and the end of affordability. The development’s affordability end-dates range from the end of2010 to the end of 2037. Another table provided a quick reference to the housing units that arecurrently assisted by Federal, State and/or local programs.Housing Supply 65

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 3Housing TrendsIntroductionA trend is a general direction in which something tends to move. While Chapter 2 ofthis Plan lookedat data a bout the housing units in the County (number of housing units, units in st ructure, newresidential building permits issued, and population and housing densities), public housing and otherlocal, State and Federal-assisted housing, this Chapter will look at selected trends that affect and areaffected by housing, including demographics, income and household characteristics. These factorsare related to housing choice, affordability and availability. The Chapter continues with a discussionof market preferences. Housing trends, including housing types, and housing tenure, are presented.The Chapter concludes with a discussion of the condition of housing.Trends to FollowThis Chapter examines age, income, household composition, migration and commuting trends. Thissection also examines market preferences, trends in housing types and housing tenure trends.Age TrendsThere are numerous ways in which the total population can beanalyzed in terms of age. This portionof the Plan will present a variety of data related to age, forming a basis for discussion of how thesetrends affect and are affected by housing.Median AgeThis measure divides the age distribution in a statedarea into two (2) e qual parts: one- half of thepopulation falling below the median value and onehalfabove the median value. Figure 13 shows howthe median a ge of the Co unty has fluctua ted since1950.Data from the US Census Bureau supports theidea that York County has been aging since 1980. At39.3 y ears, the med ian ag e for 2005-2007 is thehighest it has been in the last 50 years.Age DistributionThe a ge dis tribution of the tot al po pulation ispresented next. Data from the 2000 Census and the2005-2007 three-year estimates are shown graphicallySource: US Census Bureau, American Community Surveyfor comparison. See Figure 14. As shown, the agerange with the highest number in 2005-2007, is the 45-54 year range. Compared to 2000, that agegroup had a 16% increase. The 55-59 year range increased by almost 31% between 2000 and 2005-Housing Trends 67

Housing & Community Development Plan2007. The 60-64 y ear range increased by35% over the same pe riod, making it thefastest growing age group. The popula tionover the age of 75 years increased 12% overthe same period.Age ProjectionsTo assist in planning for future housingneeds, age projections were done. Thepopulation by age projec tions werecompleted in a two (2)-step process. Usingthe total population by age data from 1950-2000, a trend function was used. The resultsof which w ere then tested a gainst actua lfigures fro m the US Census Bur eauestimates and adjusted for reasonableness.The a ge pr ojections e xtend to 2030 , toprovide a long-term picture of age distribution.As shown, the highest concentrations outto 2 030, are i n th e 30 -50 y ear r anges.What is interesting is that the further outthe projections extend, the greater increasein those over 70 years of age.Why follow age trends?Source: US Census Bureau, American Community SurveyAnalysis of age distribution is important inthe realm of housi ng because the a ge ofthe population can determine the types ofhousing needs that may exist. Consideringage tr ends is re levant a s it c an p oint tochanging needs of the population in termsof housing and support services that mayhelp some residents age in place. Also, asSource: YCPCpeople a ge, housi ng pref erences ma ychange. The largest concentrations in the30-50 year ranges indicate s possibl e demand for workfor ce housing and housing suitable forfamilies.Income TrendsObserving income trends can also educate the current discussion of housing. T his section willcompare information from the 1990 and 2000 US Census, as well as the 2005-2007 three (3)-yearestimates from the American Community Survey. It will also consider how the income trends aregermane to housing.68Housing Trends

Housing & Community Development PlanMedian Household IncomeAs defined by the US Census Bureau, median household income divides the income distribution intotwo (2) equal groups, one having incomes above the median and the other having incomes below themedian. As shown in Figure 16, the County’s median household income was $32,605 in 1990 andincreased to $45,268 in 2000. The 2005-2007 three (3)-year estimates show the County’s medianhousehold income at $53,641, which is a 64% increase since 1990.Per Capita IncomeAnother measure of income is per capita. Per the Census, itis the average obtained by dividing the aggregate income bythe total income of an area. As s hown on Figure 17, thisincome mea surement ha s shown steady incre ases in theCounty. In 1990, the County ’s per capita inc ome was$14,544. I n 2 000, the per c apita inc ome inc reased to$21,086 and to $25,782 in 2005-2007.Poverty StatusTo determine poverty status, the Census Bureau uses a setof money income thresholds that vary by family size andcomposition . If the total income for a family or unrelated individual falls below the relevant povertythreshold, the family or individual is classified as below the poverty level. In 1990, 4.3% of familiesand 6.3% of individuals were below poverty. In 2000, this increased to 4.6% and 6.6%, respectively.The most current figures (2005-2007) indicate that 5.4% of the families in York County and 8.3%of the individuals are below poverty.Occupational Employment StatisticsAnother indicator of income is wage statistics. Median hourly wage by occupation data is availablefrom the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Data from 2003 and 2008are presented for comparative purposes. The data is presented for all the major occupational groupsin the York-Hanover MSA (York County).Looking at the data on Figure 17 Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, 2003 and 2008-York-Hanover MSA, it i s noted that the median hour ly wage for all occupa tions combined hasdecrease $0.52 or 3.3% from 2003 to 2008.Housing Trends 69

Housing & Community Development PlanLegal occupations and Farming, Fishing and Forestry occupations also had decreases in the medianhourly wage of about 13% each. Occupational groups demonstrating significant increases in themedian hourly wage are Computer and Mat hematical Science (16.9%), Production (15.2%) andInstallation, Maintenance and Repair (14.7%).To put the hourly wage data into context, a few examples from the detailed occupational groups areshown in Table 14. Me dian hourly wage data for 2003 a nd 2008 is presented. Please note , theFederal minimum wage and the Pennsylvania minimum wag e (7/2009) a re $7.25/hour Lookingforward to Chapter 6, this data will be helpful when considering the household income eligibility andwages necessary to meet income requirements.Table 14:Sampling of Median Hourly Wage by Occupation,York-Hanover MSAOccupationMedian Hourly Wage2003 2008Fast Food Worker $7.36 $8.09Cashier $7.33 $8.17Child Care Worker $8.84 $9.54Home Health Aide $9.27 $10.15Bank Teller $10.06 $10.45Hairdresser $9.34 $10.86School Bus Driver $11.10 $11.40Landscaping Worker $9.59 $11.69Auto Mechanic $14.92 $15.00Highway Maintenance $16.54 $15.46Roofer $15.40 $18.11Registered Nurse $24.70 $29.00Mechanical Engineer $26.98 $31.80Source: US Department of Labor StatisticsUnemployment RateThe County’s unemployment rate is another interesting trend to follow. Table 15 shows the data forthe last decade. Figure 18 shows the County’s unemployment rate by month for the past year.Housing Trends 71

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 15: Unemployment Rate*, York County1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20083.7% 3.3% 4.3% 4.8% 4.9% 4.5% 4.2% 4.0% 3.8% 4.8%Source: PA Department of Labor and Industry*annual data, not seasonally adjustedOver the past ten (10) years, the hig hest annual unemployment rate was in 2003, at 4.9%. Thelowest over the same period was 3.3% in 2000.Looking at monthly unemployment data for the County , over the past twelve ( 12) months, theunemployment rate has ranged from the lowest point in May 2008 (4.4%) to a peak for the periodin March 2009 (8.3%).Considering the mos t c urrent d ata a vailable (A pril2009), York C ounty’s unemploy ment rate is 7.7%,which is lower than that of the State 7.8%or the Nation(8.9%).The fluc tuations in the unemploy ment rate areindicative of the current economic times. Changes to,or loss of, household income very strongly aff ectsCounty’s re sidents a bility to a fford a ppropriatehousing.Municipal unemployment rates are available only for2000, as shown on the following map.Source: PA Department of Labor and Industry*monthly data, not seasonally adjustedWhy follow income trends?Income trends are very important in the discussion of housing. Affordability and housing choice aresignificantly affected by a per son’s income. L ocations of e mployment centers also impact thelocation of housing. The increasing percentages of individuals and families in poverty also presenta host of issues related to housing, not the least of which is affordability. A look at the occupationalemployment statistics gives information on the median wages by occupation in the County, alsoimportant to housing affordability. The unemployment rate of an area is indicative of the numberof residents who are currently unemployed and perhaps burdened by or unable to pay for housingexpenses.Household TrendsThere are a variety of trends related to households.This section will consider average household sizeand household composition. It w ill also includedata on mig ration and commuting trends. Th esetrends, too, are relevant to housing.HouseholdFamily Householdincludes all of the people who occupy ahousing unitincludes a householder and one or morefamily member living in the same householdrelated by birth, marriage or adoptionNon-Family Household includes a householder living alone or withnon- relatives onlySource: US Census Bureau72Housing Trends

Housing & Community Development PlanMap 5Housing Trends 73

Housing & Community Development PlanAverage Household SizeAverage household size is a variable that has g radually declined ove r the re cent decades. Theaverage household size in York County in 1990 was 2.6 persons, dropping to 2.52 in 2000 and to2.51 most recently (2005-2007). This is significantly lower than 1970, when the average householdsize was 3.5 persons.Household CompositionAs defined by the Census Bureau, a family household “ includes a householder and one or morepeople living in the same household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, oradoption. All people in a household who are related to the householder are regarded as membersof his or her family.” The definition goes on to clarify that a family household may contain peoplenot related to the householder, but those people are not included as part of the householder's familyin census tabulations. Thus, the numberof family households is equal to the number of families, butfamily households may include more members than do families. A household can contain only onefamily for purposes of census tabulations. Not all households contain families since ahousehold maycomprise a group of unrelated people or one person living alone.Using the 2005-2007 three (3)-year estimates, there were 162,264 households in York County. Ofthat to tal, a bout 7 0% (1 14,110) w ere fa mily ho useholds a nd 30% (48,154) w ere no n-familyhouseholds. Table 16 below shows the household composition data for York County, York Cityand the balance of the County.Table 16: Household Composition, 2005-2007YorkCountyYork CityBalance ofCountyTotal Households 162,264 15,645 146,619Total Family Households 114,110 8,874 105,236Family Households: Married Couples 91,416 4,546 86,870Family Households: Other Family 22,694 4,328 18,366Family Households: Other Family, Male Householder, No WifePresentFamily Households: Other Family, Female Householder, NoHusband Present7,386 1,081 6,30515,308 3,247 12,061Non-Family Households 48,154 6,771 41,383Non-Family Households: Householder Living Alone 38,664 5,272 33,392Non-Family Households: Householder Not Living Alone 9,490 1,499 7,991Source: US Census Bureau, American Community SurveyAs shown on the table above, the majority of households in York County as a whole (70%), as wellas in the City (57%) and in the balance of the County (72%), are family households. There is alsoa fair number of households (24%)countywide in which someone lives alone. Comparatively, about74Housing Trends

Housing & Community Development Plan37% of the City’s households and 23% in the balance of the County are households of persons livingalone.Why follow household trends?Household composition changes in the County are indicative of housing need, especially the needfor family housing, as well as housin g for single people. This can have implications on housingaffordability and choice.Migration and Commuting TrendsMigration and commuting trends can have a bearing the local and regional housing markets andconditions. Migration, for purposes of this Plan, is defined as moves that crossed a county boundary.A review of migration trends can reveal the locations from where people are relocating to YorkCounty. Commuting trends are also useful, as often people prefer housing that is close to their placeof work.MigrationPopulation is influenced by many factors, including mig ration. The U S Census Bure au issuesCounty to County migration data every five (5) years. The most current data, for the period 1995-2000, indicates that the County’s gross migration (those moving into the County plus those movingout of York County) was 92,695 persons. The County’s net migration for that same period (thosemoving in minus those moving out) was 9,107. The US Census Bureau reports that York County’spopulation increased by 17,081 persons b etween 1995 and 2000 and a pproximately 53% of thatpopulation growth was attributed to migration.Considering that migration accounted for over half of the population growth between 1995 and 2000,it is interesting to see from where people have relocated. Per the 1995-2000 data, most moved toYork County from Cumberland County (8.7%), Baltimore County (MD) (7.8%), Adams County(7.6%), Lancaster County (5.6%) and Dauphin County (5.3%).Commuting PatternsThe US Census Bureau also provides data regarding travel time to work, the inter-County journeyto work flow and means of transportation to work. These trends are interesting as related to housing,in light of the fluctuating fuel costs and changing real estate market.Travel Time to WorkUsing the 2005-2007 three (3)-year estimates, the mean travel time to work for York County is 25.1minutes. This is up from 23.9 minutes in 2000.Data is also collected on the travel time to work. Figure 19 provides comparative data from 1990,2000 and 2005-2007 (3-year estimates).Housing Trends 75

Housing & Community Development PlanIt is interesting to note the significant decreasein the number of those traveling 15-30 minutesto work. It is a decrease of about 40%, however,this time interval continues to e ncompass thegreatest number of commuters.Another interesting change is those w ho travelover one and one-half hours to work. From 1990to 2005-2007, there was an increa se of ove r500%, y et in te rms o f act ual num bers, th isremains a small number of commuters.Journey to Work FlowWhile the travel time to work data provides a Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Surveysense of how long York Countians are taking toget to work, the other interesting aspect to examine is to where they are traveling to work. The USCensus Bureau collects data related to the jour ney to work. The most cur rent data is 2000. Thefollowing map, 2000 Inter-County Journey to Work Flow, shows that there are 193,216 persons (age16 and over) in the County ’s commuter work flow. Of that total, about three-quarters (142,104)reside in and work in York County. The balance of County residents in the commuter work flow(51,022) work outside York County.The Map shows interesting data regarding the journey to workflow to adjac ent counties in Pennsy lvania and in Ma ryland.Looking a t the data more b roadly, it is i ndicated tha t of the51,022 Y ork C ounty residents w ho w ork o utside t he C ounty,66% work in another Pennsylvania county, while 32% commuteto a county in Maryland. Just about 2%work in a nother state,other than Penn sylvania or Ma ryland, and a small number ofYork C ounty r esidents ( 72 p ersons) w ork i n a nother c ountry.Comparatively speaking, in 1990, of the total County residents inthe commuter work flow (174,782), about 77% lived and workedin York County and just 7% lived in York County and commutedto a county in Maryland.Figure 20: Exit 18, Interstate 83Means of Transportation to WorkThe US Census Bureau also collects information on the mode of transportation taken to work. Usingthe 2005-2007 three (3)-year estimates, of the 208,964 workers over the age of 16 in the County,almost 84% drove alone to work in a car, truck or van. Just over nine percent (9%) or 19,166, carpooled and one-percent (1%) utilized public transportation.76Housing Trends

Housing & Community Development PlanMap 6Housing Trends 77

Housing & Community Development PlanWhy follow migration and commuting trends?Migration trends have implications to housi ng in that many relocate to Yor k County for moreaffordable housing and a be tter quality of life. As shown, most mig rate to York County fromsurrounding counties in Pennsylvania and Maryland. This contributes to the patterns of development,particularly in the northern and southern parts of the County. The changes in commuting trends arealso telling, especially considering the extreme commuters. These issues undoubtedly impact facetsof the housing market and current conditions that are discussed in other sections of this Plan.Consideration of travel time to work, journey to work flow and means of transportation to work caninform th is H ousing a nd Com munity De velopment P lan w ith re gards to wh ere pe ople live inrelationship to their place of employment. Means of transportation to work is informative not onlyto housing but to the infrastructure that supports residential development.Market Preferences®The REALTORS Association of York and Adams Counties (RAYAC) publishes an a nnual realestate market report. According to the 2008 Report, the mostpopular type of home purchased in York County remains thesingle family detached with about 67% of the market. Thisnumber has decreased slightly since 2004 when over 70% ofthe homes purchased were single family detached. The Reportgoes on to state that semi-de tached, attache d andcondominiums a re c apturing a bout o ne-third of th e so ldmarket. Mobile homes with land ac count for a bout onepercent (1%) of the market, while farms with land areless thanone percent (1%).Figure 21: Residential subdivision, York CountyData for new construction detached dwellings and condominium/townhouses (which includes semidetached/attached),as reported to RAYAC, is shown in Table17. I t is important to stipulate thatRAYAC’s multi-list system only captures the pa rt of the ne w home construction market whic h®involved a REALTOR .Table 17: New Construction, York County, 2008TypeNumbersoldMedian SoldPriceMedian FinishedSquare Ft$/SquareFtMedian Acreagedetached 188 $271,570 2,246 $120.91 0.31acrescondominium/townhouse* 136 $164,150 1,615 $101.64 0.059 acresSource: RAYAC*includes semi-detached/attachedPer the data above, about 58% of the new construction as reported by RAYAC is single familydetached, while 42% is condominium or townhouse.78Housing Trends

Housing & Community Development PlanThe RAYAC re port also provides da ta from 2003-2008 on new a nd previously-owned homespurchased. As reported, 92% of homes purchased in 2008 were previously owned. In contrast, 2005was the lowest in the period with 83% of homes purchased previously owned.Trends in Housing TypesThis section considers some of the other trends that are informative to this Housing and CommunityDevelopment Plan, including trends in housing units by type, changes in the numbers o f housingunits by type, changes within County growth areas, median lot siz e for single family detachedhousing, as well as housing tenure trends.Generally sp eaking, s ingle-family de tached h omes h ave be en th e pr edominant t ype of ho meconstructed, accounting for approximately 63% of the total housing units in 2000 and over 64% in2005-2007. The next section takes a closer look at housing units by type.Housing Units by TypeIt is interesting to look at housing units by type. A housing unit, as defined by the US Census Bureauis “a house, an apartment, a mobile home or trailer, a group of rooms, or a single room occupiedas separate living quarters, or if vacant, intended for occupancy as separate living quarters.Separate living quarters are those in which the occupants live separately from any other individualsin the building and which have direct access from outside the building or through a common hall.”The US Census Bureau collectsthis data as follows: single-unitdetached, single-unit attached,two(2) units, three (3) or four(4) units, five ( 5) to nine (9)units, ten (10)- ninet een ( 19)units, 20 or more units, mobilehome and other (boat, RV, fan,etc.). F igure 22 pr esentscomparative data from 1990-2007.Source: US Census Bureau*changes were made to the question and the sampling in 1990 and 2000 CensusesAs shown, single-unit detachedis t he g reatest n umber i n a llthree (3) da ta sets, incr easingwith e ach Census. The t otalnumber of single unit detachedincreased 20% betwe en 1990and 2000 and about 10%between 2000 and 2005-2007.Those w ith 20 or mor e un itsincreased significa ntly from1990 to 2005- 2007–Housing Trends 79

Housing & Community Development Planapproximately 88%. The total number of two (2) units decreased by about four percent (4%) from1990 to 2005-2007. The total number of mobile homes also decreased by about 11% over the sameperiod.Changes within Growth AreasSince the York County Comprehensive Plan was first adopted in 1992, York County has focused ona goal to capture at least 75% of the proposed dwelling units, countywide, within growth areas. Themost recent amendment to the York County Growth Management Plan component (December 2008)examined the effectiveness of that strategy. A summary of the findings follows. For more detail,please ref er to the York County Growth Management Plan component of the York CountyComprehensive Plan.Maps that were part of the Growth Management Plan amendment are included for illustration andreference. As shown on these maps, each residential final subdivision/land development plan inYork County, 1990-1998 and 1999-2006, is indicated as a dot. Areas outlined in red with pink fillare the County’s Established Growth Areas while those outlined in pink are the County’s InterimGrowth Areas. At first glance, it may appear as though residential development will be sprawledthroughout the County , but closer e xamination of these ma ps indicates some c oncentration ofdevelopment within growth areas. Additionally, when the data was analyzed based upon the numberof proposed dwelling units within each subdivision/land development, a different and more focusedpicture emerged.For the period 1990 - 2006, a total of 53,245 dwe lling units were proposed, countywide. Of thattotal, about 77% (40,960) wer e loca ted within gr owth are as. Converse ly, approximately 23%(12,285) were located in outlying rural areas.The size of the proposed subdivision/land developments was also taken into account. Analysis andmapping was completed from 1990-1998, but only the more current data is included in this Plan.The map, York County Residential Development Activity, 1999-2006 - Large Subdivisions/LandDevelopments, shows the conce ntration of propose d large re sidential subdivisi ons/landdevelopments (with > 10 proposed dwelling units). Large subdivisions/ land developments typicallyrequire public water and/or sewer availability and access to a minor or major collector road; thus,are more likely to be located in growth areas. Looking at the large subdivision/land developmentactivity for 1999-2006, almost 86% of the dwelling units proposed (38,317) were within the growtharea. About 14% of the proposed dwelling units (6,459) were within rural areas. That said, largeresidential subdivision/ land developments accounted for the greatest percentage of building acreageproposed in Growth Areas.Average Building Lot SizeThe Growth Management Plan component amendment also included a residential building acresanalysis. For the period 1990-2006, a total of 59,405 a cres of land wa s proposed for residentialdevelopment. Using the formula total growth area building acres divided by the total growth areaproposed dwelling units, the resulting average building lot size was 0.5 acres in the growth areas.Similarly, the formula for the rural areas takes the total rural area building acres divided by the total80Housing Trends

Housing & Community Development PlanMap 7Housing Trends 81

Housing & Community Development PlanMap 882Housing Trends

Housing & Community Development PlanMap 9Housing Trends 83

Housing & Community Development PlanMap 1084Housing Trends

Housing & Community Development Planrural area proposed dwelling units, yielding an average building lot size of 3.1 ac res in the r uralareas.This, too, differed between large residential developments (>10 dwelling units) and small residentialdevelopments (

Housing & Community Development PlanSubstandard or Suitable for Rehabilitation are housing units that do not meet HUD’s Section 8Housing Quality Standards as detailed previously. Additionally, York County has identified a needto rehabilitate substandard units and, for this purpose, has adopted a definition of “Substandard orNeeding Rehabilitation.” Criteria for a substandard or needing rehabilitation housing unit includeslacking some or all plumbing facilities, property value less than $10,000, lacking heating equipmentand/or lacking complete kitchen facilities.Based upon this definition, an estimated 3,240 owne r-occupied and renter-occupied units in t heCounty are substandard and in ne ed of rehabilitation. However, based upon the C ounty’sRehabilitation Progr am experienc e, appr oximately ten percent (10%) of all units classified a sneeding rehabilitation ultimately cannot be rehabilitated because of lack of equity combined withhigh rehabilitation costs.Not Suitable for Rehabilitation housing units are so severely deteriorated that it is not economicallyfeasible to im prove th em. B ased u pon th e Co unty’s Re habilitation Pr ogram e xperience,approximately ten percent (10%) of all units classified as in need of rehabilitation ultimately are notsuitable for rehabilitation.Using three(3)-year estimates from the American Community Survey, some data can be providedto help determine how many housing units may meet one or all the criteria discussed previously, i.e.,may be substandard. Data is presented for the County, City and balance of County in Table 18.Table 18: Selected Housing Characteristics, 2005-2007York County York City Balance of Countylacking complete plumbing facilities 651 168 483lacking complete kitchen facilities 943 263 680valued at less than $10,000 1,859 14 1,845Source: US Census Bureau, American Community SurveyAs shown above, in 2005-2007, 1,859 of the 125,422 occupied housing units in the County werevalued at less than $10,000, 941 housing units lacked complete kitchen facilities and 651 housingunits lacked complete plumbing facilities. Additionally, about 270 occupied housing units have noheating equipment.SummaryThis presentation of various trends is intended to show how housing is affected by and affects theother trends. When considering the ag e distribution and ag e projections, the relevance of thechanging housing needs of the aging population become plain. Aging population in aging housingstock are faced with renovation and maintenance costs that could be out of reach. The rise in homesale prices locally can price first time homebuyers out of the market.86Housing Trends

Housing & Community Development PlanIncome trends, especially during this time of economic downturn, are significant in the discussionof housing. Whil e the median household income and per capita income have steadily increasedsince 1990, so, too, has the percent of those living in poverty. The unemployment rate has beenvariable, too, with noticeable increases in the recent past.Changing household trends, including household size and composition present changing needs forhousing. Current data indicates that the majority of households in the County are family householdsand that the preferred housing type, based on homes purchased, is single family detached.Migration and commuting are also signif icant issues in the re alm of housin g considering thatapproximately half of the County’s growth 1995-2000 can be attributed to migration. Interesting,too, is that the number of York County residents commuting over 1.5 hours to work has increasedover 500% in the past 15 y ears. Housing loc ation and affordability issues are much affected byproximity to employment centers.While development has occurred all around the County, analysis shows that at least 75 % of theresidential growth is being captured in the designated growth areas. The County’s Boroughs and theCity have experienced some increase in rental-occupied housing units, but a balance in the housingtenure of the County indicates little fluctuation over the recent past. This Chapter also consideredhousing conditions and approximations of the numbers of housing units that would be in thosecategories.Looking forward, the next chapter looks closely at the demand for and cost of housing. The existingconditions, including data from the US Census Bureau and results of an affordable rent survey willbe presented. The barriers to affordable housing will also be presented.Housing Trends 87

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 4Demand for and Cost of HousingIntroductionThis Chapter presents data on the cost of housing in York County, as well as factors that affect thecost of and demand for housing. It begins by presenting the existing conditions in the County. TheChapter also discusses the foreclosure crisis in York County as a significant existing condition, aswell as the Neighborhood Stabilization Program. The Chapter continues with a discussion of barriersto affordable housing, referring to the York County Fair Housing Analysis of Impediments Report.Barriers identified as a result of the York County Housing Summit are also included in this Chapter.Existing ConditionsThis chapter begins by presenting the e xisting conditions of housing . Data is pre sented for theCounty and, whe n possible, for the City of York a nd balance of County . All references to theCounty are to York County as a whole, including York City, unless otherwise specified. Datapresented i ncludes housing oc cupancy, tenure and home va lue. Housing cost is examined byincluding specific data related to the trend in home sale prices and a sampling of advertised rent.The foreclosure crisis and Ne ighborhood Stabilization Program are also included in the exist ingconditions.Housing OccupancyAs recalled from Chapter 3 of this Plan, per the 2005-2007 American Community Survey, 95% ofthe County’s housing units were occupied, as compared to 86% of the City’s housing units. This haschanged little since 2000, when the County and City’s occupancy was 95 and 87%, respectively.Housing TenureAlso mentioned in Chapter 3, housing tenure refers to the distinction between owner-occupied andrenter-occupied housing. The following table (Table 19) presents housing tenure data, based on thethree (3)-year estimates from the American Community Survey. Data is presented for York County,York City, and the balance of the County.Table 19: Housing Tenure, three (3)-year estimates – 2005-2007York County York City Balance of CountyTotal Housing Units 171,527 18,308 153,219Occupied 162,264 15,645 146,619Owner-occupied 125,422 7,131 118,291Renter-occupied 36,842 8,514 28,328Vacant 9,263 2,663 6,600Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey,Demand for and Cost of Housing 89

Housing & Community Development PlanAs shown, 73% of the total housing units in the County are owner-occupied. In York City, there isa more even split between owner and renter-occupied at 46% and 54%, respectively. Consideringthe balance of the County, which includes all but the City of York, about 77% of the total housingunits are owner-occupied and18% are renter-occupied.VacancyVacancy was also previously discussed. In 2005-2007, the overall vacancy rate was 5.4%, with themajority of units being renta ls. Vaca nt owner a nd renta l units were both c oncentrated in t heBoroughs and villag es throug hout the County . Ba sed on the 3-y ear estimate(2005- 2007),approximately 96% of all housing units in the County were occupied. The homeowner vacancy ratein the County was 1.3%, while the rental vacancy rate in the County was 6.3%.Using the same three (3)-year estimates and looking at York City specifically, approximately 85%of all housing units were occupied. The City’s homeowner vacancy rate was 5.7% and the rentalvacancy rate was 10.9%. Considering the balance of the County, 4.3% of the total housing units arevacant. Approximately 80% of the occupied housing units are owner-occupied.Despite the vacancy rate, there is a strong demand for affordable rental housing in York County. Asurvey of subsidized rental projects throughout the County shows waiting lists averaging anywherefrom three (3) months to two (2) years.Housing CostThe c ost of housing in Yor k County is increa sing, in ter ms of bot h total value or c ost andaffordability. Cost and value data come f rom a va riety of sources and it is helpful to clarifydifferences in the data sources first.The Census and the American Community Survey ask respondents to report the current value of their®home. It is a self-reported value. Home sale price data is collected bythe REALTORS’ Associationof York and Adams County (RAYAC) based on actual sales data. Data they publish presents themedian sale price of a home. This can account for differences in home value data from the two (2)sources. Additionally, the median rental data comes from the US Census Bureau and the AmericanCommunity Survey , while the sampling of units f or re nt was take n from Yor k newspa peradvertisements.ValueAccording to 2000 Census data, which is self-r eported by the household, the media n value of asingle family unit in the County was $110,500. The median value of a home in York City in 2000was $56,500. Using the three (3)-year estimates from the American Community Survey to providemore updated information, it is reported that for 2005-2007, the median value of a home in YorkCounty was $156,300. The median value of a home in York City, for the same period, was $69,500.Of all specified owner-occupied units in the County for the period 2005-2007, only 5.7% of the unitswere valued at less than $50,000, while 15.8% ranged from $50,000 to $99,999. Approximately79% of the County’s total owner-occupied housing units were valued at more than $100,000; 31.3%90Demand for and Cost of Housing

Housing & Community Development Planof the total valued more than $200,000. Increases in incomes have generally not kept pace with therapid increases in the cost of housing, thus making it difficult for many households to meet theirhousing needs.Comparatively speaking, of the City’s total occupied housing units, about 21% were valued at lessthan $50,000, with the highest percentage (63.3%) valued from $50,000 to $99,999.Median Home Sale Price®As sta ted p reviously, the R EALTORS’ As sociation o f Y ork a nd Ad ams C ounty (R AYAC)compiles home sales data annually. As shown, the median sale price for the County was $106,000in 2000.Source: RAYACTo illustrate the significant changes in home value, the figure shows historical information from1999-2008. Over the ten (10) year period shown, the peak was in 2007, with a median sale price of$174,900. The median sale price for 2008 ($164,900) was almost 6% lower than that of 2007. Overthe ten(10) year period, the median home sale price in York County increased 57%.Looking at the City specifically, and considering homes sold in the York City School District in2008, the median sale price was $68,000. This is an increase of over 50% from 2000, when themedian sale price was $44,450.Demand for and Cost of Housing 91

Housing & Community Development PlanMedian RentPer the three (3)-year estimate data from the American Community Survey, the median rent in theCounty was $688. This is a 30% inc rease from the County’s median r ent in 2000 ($531). Themedian rent for York City was $439 in 2000, increasing about 28% to $564 (2005-2007). Accordingto the American Community Survey, in 2005-2007, 5.5% of all specified renter occupied housingunits in the County had a contract rent of less than $299 per month; 51.4% rented for $300-$749;24.7% rented for $750-$999 and 14.1% rented for $1,000 or more per month.Sampling of Advertised RentA sampling of uni ts for rent conducted be tween March 8 a nd March 14, 2009, including 2,453market rate development units that are not rent or income restricted, a total of 302 units advertisedfor the one week period, that are not rent or income restricted, and 1,070 affordable housing units,which are both re nt restricted and income r estricted to pe rsons at 60% of median or less, wereanalyzed.Table 20: Sampling of Advertised Rental HousingMarch 8-March 14, 2009affordable rents based upon 2008 HUD limitsnumber ofunitsaverage rentwith utilitiesincludedpercentageof totalunitsminimum necessaryIncome required (notto exceed 30% ofgross1 BR 1,331 $650 34.7% $25,9882 BR 1,924 $793 50.3% $31,7063 BR 566 $912 14.9% $36,4904 BR 4 $854 0.1% $34,160Source: York newspapers and YCPCThe findings of this analysis are as outlined below. Note that fair market rents are based on 2008HUD limits.• Of the units advertised for rent, none were efficiency units.• One (1)-bedroom units accounted for 35.3% of those advertised. The average rent for a one (1)-bedroom unit with utilities included was $650, compared to a fair market rent of $562. One (1)-bedroom units ranged from $216 to $881 per month.• Of all units advertised for rent, 50.2% were two (2)-bedroom units. Rents with utilities includedranged from $259 to $1,402, with an average of $793. The fair market rent for such units was$713 per month.• Approximately 15% of all units advertised for rent were three (3)- bedroom units with rents(including utilities) ranging from $589 to $1,479. The average rent for a three (3)-bedroom unitwas $912, while the fair market rent was $861.• Only 0.1% of all units advertised for rent had four (4)-bedrooms. The advertised rent was $854including utilities. The fair market rent for this size unit was $893.• There were no five (5)-bedroom units advertised during the period. The fair market rent for aunit of that size was $1,027.92Demand for and Cost of Housing

Housing & Community Development PlanIn summary, it appears that some of the current rentsare higher than the 2008 Fair Market Rents, whilesome are lower. The 2008 HUD r ent limits wereused for compar ison with th e advertised cur rentmarket rates. For information, Figure 24 shows acomparison between 2004 and 2008 York CountyFair Market Rents.As shown, there was a sharp increase of about 41%in the fair ma rket rents for ef ficiencies from 2004-2008. Fair market rents for four (4)-bedroom unitsincreased at the lowest rate, up about 9% since 2004.The fair market rents for the one (1), two (2) andthree (3)-bedroom units had increases between 17%and 21% over the period.Source: www.huduser.org - HUD Data SetsForeclosuresMuch research has been done and data exists on the housing a nd credit crisis being experiencednationwide. In many parts of the nation, including York County, home prices rose dramatically overthe last ten (10) years. The rising home price s masked the poor u nderwriting a nd the hig herindebtedness of many households. Declining home prices, locally obvious around 2005, made itdifficult or impossible for homeowners to refinance or sell their way out of the problems that arose.Delinquencies and foreclosures rose sharply, with sub-prime adjustable rate mortgages experiencingthe largest rise in delinquencies.A study by The Reinvestment F und for the PA De partment of B anking (2005) r eported thatPennsylvania had some of the hig hest foreclosure rates in the na tion. Detailed ana lysis of theforeclosure filings in Pennsy lvania showed that the sub-prime f oreclosure rate was dr iving theforeclosure rate around the State. Summary findings of the report state that foreclosures are typicallyconcentrated in the modest income areas, as well as areas that are disproportionately minority. Asa re sult, there is a disproportionate eff ect on these communities. I n addit ion, the cost ofhomeownership in P ennsylvania is rising , including costs associated with maintaining a n olderhousing stock, property taxes and energy costs.Another study was completed for the South Central Assembly for Effective Governance. While thedata covers a study period of 1997 to 2002, it provides good information on the foreclosure situationlocally. The rate of foreclosure increased 112% in the seven (7) county region of south centralPennsylvania between 1997 and 2002. Nearly half of the increase in foreclosure filings over thatsame period came from sub-prime lenders. Looking specifically at York County, the study indicatedthat the foreclosure filings in the County increased by 2,726 or 112% between 1997 and 2002.Demand for and Cost of Housing 93

Housing & Community Development PlanNeighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP)HUD’s Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP) is authorized under TitleIII of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act, signed into law by PresidentBush on July 30, 2008. The NSP will provide emergency assistance to Stateand local governments to ac quire and redevelop foreclosed properties thatmight otherwise become sources of abandonment and blight within theircommunities. The NSP provides gr ants to ever y State and ce rtain loca lcommunities to purchase foreclosed or abandoned homes and to rehabilitate,resell, or redevelop these homes in order to stabilize neighborhoods and stemthe decline of property values of neighboring homes. It is authorized as aspecial allocation of the 2008 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program and $3.92billion was provided nationally to assist redevelopment efforts. York County received an allocationof $2,017,253.Eligible uses of NSP funding include:• the establishment of financing mechanisms for purchase and redevelopment of foreclosedupon homes and rental properties• the purc hase a nd reha bilitation of residential proper ties that have been abandoned orforeclosed upon, in order to sell, rent, or redevelop such properties• the establishment of land banks for homes that have been foreclosed upon• the demolition of blighted structures• the redevelopment of demolished or vacant propertiesIn York County, the NSP funds will be focused on the acquisition and redevelopment of abandonedand foreclosed homes in the Boroughs of Dallastown, Hanover, Red Lion, West York and Yoe.Barriers to Affordable HousingFigure 25: www.recovery.govlogoAs seen in the previous section of this Chapter, the cost of housing in York County is increasing interms of both total value or cost and affordability. The County has a low homeownership vacancyrate. The housing market in York County has seen some activity, however, incomes may not havekept pace with the increases in housing costs.This section builds upon the barriers to affordable housing as indicated in theFair Housing Analysisof Impediments Report completed by the York County Planning Commission in 2004. The Reportidentified impediments to fair housing choice, which included barriers to affordable housing. Thesebarriers are the foundation for discussion in this section. Discussion will also point to the barriersidentified as a result of the York County Housing Summit.The barriers identified in the 2004 Fair Housing Analysis include: cost of housing, types and numberof housing units available, housing brokerage services, lack of knowledge concerning affordablehousing programs, zoning regulations, subdivision/land development regulations, building codes,and sewer and water tap-in fees.94Demand for and Cost of Housing

Housing & Community Development PlanCost of HousingFor many in York County, particularly those with incomes below the median, the dream of owninga new home in the County has quickly become unattainable. Based on the 2005-2007 estimatedCounty-wide median household income of $65,645, it is clear that a family with that income cannotafford to purchase a $174,900 home, which was the median home sale price in 2007 (based on theRealtors Association of York and Adams County data).The County has seen a steady increase in thecost of homes, further pushing affordability beyond the reach of many. With the increase in subprimeloans in the area used to enable residents to purchase a home under those conditions, we arenow seeing a significant increase in abandoned and foreclosed homes.Value of Owner Occupied Housing UnitsValue, as defined by the Census Bureau, “is the respondent's estimate of how much the property(house and lot, mobile home and lot, or condominium unit) would sell for if it were for sale.” Whilethat differ s, of cour se, fr om the home sale pr ice da ta discussed pre viously, this data from theAmerican Community Survey does provide useful information regarding affordability.According to the three (3)-year estimates (2005-20 07), few units available f or sale or rent a reaffordable. (Affordable is defined as having a selling price less than 2.5 times annual income forpersons below the median inc ome for the area). F igure 26 pre sents data r elated to the va lue ofowner-occupied housing units in York County, using the three (3)-year estimates.With an income le ss than 30% of media n ($19,550), a purchaser could afford a home with anaffordable purchase price of $47,750 or less; at 50% of median ($32,550), an individual would havea purchasing power of $79,625 or less; and at 80%of median ( $52,100), someone c ould affor d apurchase price of $127,375 or less. Most existingaffordable housing for homebuyers is located inthe City and in t he older Boroughs and villag esthroughout the County. Thus, persons with lowerincomes also fa ce some g eographic limi tationsrelated to the communities in which they canafford to live.With r espect t o th e u nits f or r ent, f rom thesampling of units available, the following wouldhave be en affordable for a family of four (4),using 2008 HUD income limits for York County,whose income was 50% of the median ($32,550)or 60% of the median ($39,060).Source: US Census Bureau, American Community SurveyDemand for and Cost of Housing 95

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 21: Affordability Surveymarket-complex market-advertised affordable renttotaladvertised%affordabletotaladvertised%affordabletotaladvertised%affordableIncome is 50% ofmedian (very low)1 bedroom 747 60.7% 120 100.0% 464 100.0%2 bedrooms 1,283 0.0% 168 100.0% 473 100.0%3 bedrooms 423 0.0% 10 70.0% 133 100.0%Income is 60% median(low)1bedroom 747 86.8% 120 100.0% 464 100.0%2 bedrooms 1,283 37.7% 168 100.0% 473 100.0%3 bedrooms 423 0.0% 10 100.0% 133 100.0%Source: York County HOME Program at YCPCThe analysis revealed that most of the units not affordable to a family of four (4) whose income isat 50% or 60% of median income were located in the market rate complex developments. Withrespect to units for rent, from the sampling of units available, 60.7% of the market-rate complex one(1)-bedroom units surveyed were affordable to very low income renters, while the advertised marketrate and affordable units were affordable. Low income renters could afford 86.8% of the market-ratecomplex one-bedroom units and 100% of the advertised and affordable units were affordable. Asfar as two (2)-bedroom units, none of the units were affordable to very low income renters, while100% of both the advertised units and the existing affordable units were affordable. Low incomerenters could afford 37.7% of market-rate complex two (2)-bedroom units and again, 100% of boththe a dvertised a nd e xisting aff ordable un its we re a ffordable. T hree (3 )-bedroom ma rket-ratecomplex units were not affordable to very low income rents, although 70% of the advertised unitsand 100% of the existing affordable units were affordable. Low income renters could not afford anyof the market-rate complex three-bedroom units, but could afford both the advertised units and theaffordable units.York County families with children are increasingly finding it difficult to locate afordable housingthat is in reasonably good condition, located in safe neighborhoods and of sufficient size to avoidovercrowding. US Census Bureau defines overcrowded as more than 1.01 persons per room; 1.51or more persons per room is severely overcrowded. Based on the 2005-2007 e stimates from theAmerican Community Survey, about 1% of the occupied units in t he County were overcrowded(greater than 1.01 occupants per room) and abut 0.2% were severely overcrowded (greater than 1.51occupants per room). Looking specifically at York City, the percentage of overcrowded housingunits is slightly higher, at about 2.8%, with 1.2% of the occupied housing units being severelyovercrowded. Considering the cur rent economic conditions, these perc entages may fluctuate asfamilies may find it necessary to move in with other families or friends.96Demand for and Cost of Housing

Housing & Community Development PlanType and Number of Housing Units AvailableAccording to the 2005-2007 three (3)-year estimates from the US Census Bureau, approximately31% of the total housing uni ts in the County are multi-family. As compared to single family detacheddwellings, multi-family dwellings are typically less costly and more affordable for persons withlimited incomes. The limited supply of multi-family dwellings is an impediment to fair housingchoice in York County.In addition, the Census reported a 2005-2007 vacancy rate of 5.4%. The homeowner vacancy ratewas 1.3%, while the rental vacancy rate was 6.3%. The rental vacancy rate has decreased since 2000when it was 7.4%. With the current economic condition and the influence of higher unemploymentand a higher foreclosure rate in the County, it will be interesting to observe how these numbers maychange.Throughout the County, both vacant owner and vacant rental units were concentrated in the City,Boroughs and villages. These factors, combined with the fact that the Census Bureau also reportsmore affordable housing located in the Boroughs and villages, appear to indicate that those withlimited incomes are likely to become concentrated in the County’s Boroughs and villages.With respect to the public housing units in the County, the Housing Authority’s current lengthywaiting list creates a burden for families and individuals in need of this type of housing. Althoughthe public housing units located in the County are located in severa l municipalities, due to thewaiting list, persons/families must take the next available unit. However, when an applicant withdisabilities is at the top of the list and the next available unit does not meet the accommodation need,the applicant may remain at the top of the list until a unit with a reasonable accommodation isavailable for them. The applicant may also opt to accept a unit that does not presently meet theirneed, with the understanding that the Housing Authority will alter the unit to provide reasonableaccommodations. If the applicant requires a unit that is fully accessible for a wheelchair, and nosuch unit is available, the H ousing Authority may not be able to a dapt a vacant unit to meet thatparticular need.Since 1995, York County has invested HOME Investment Partnership Act (HOME) Program fundsinto the construction of 1,070 completed affordable housing rental units. Currently, there are 125units in t he tax credit approval process. Up on completion, there will be a total of 1,195 unitscompleted. The total will be comprised of 560 family units and 635 elderly units. These units arefor very, very low, very low and low income persons, as defined by the HOME Program.Housing Brokerage ServicesSection 100.90 of the Federal regulations that implement the Fair Housing Act of 1988 deals withdiscrimination in the provision of housing brokerage services. This Section states that "It shall beunlawful to deny any person access to or membership or participation in any multiple listing service,real estate brokers' organization or other service, organization, or facility relating to the businessof selling or renting dwellings, or to discriminate against any person in the terms or conditions ofsuch access, membership, or participation, because of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familialstatus, or national origin."Demand for and Cost of Housing 97

Housing & Community Development PlanYork County is service d by two (2) r ealtor associations - the Rea ltors Association of York a ndAdams C ounty (R AYAC) and the Greater Harrisburg Association o f R ealtors. E ach o f theseAssociations is a signatory to the Voluntary Affirmative Marketing Agreement (VAMA) with theU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. By signing the Agreement, the Associationsexpress a commitment to the principal of fair housing choice and pledge to take actions that willassure that the availability of homes listed for sale or rental are made known to all individuals withsimilar financial resources and interests.Lack of Knowledge Concerning Affordable Housing ProgramsThere are numerous avenues that persons in York County can pursue in their attempt to obtainfinancing for either purchasing a home or for making home improvements. Thus, the availabilityof financing is not likely an impediment to fair housing choice, but rather the lack of knowledge byresidents of the County regarding the various programs is more likely an impediment. Manypersons, especially lower income households, are probably not aware of the various programs thatare available to assist them in either becoming a home owner or making improvements to an existingproperty that they already own. As such, they do not realize the full scale of housing opportunitiesin York County. Knowledge of these programs could afford many persons a much greater degreeof housing choice in the County, or could improve their present living conditions.Zoning RegulationsThe type of land use regulation that has the most profound impact on housing in a community is thezoning ordinanc e. I n York County , zoning ordinances are enac ted and e nforced by the localmunicipalities, not by the County. Of the 72 municipalities located in the County, 68 (32 Boroughs,35 Townships, and York City) have enacted a zoning ordinance. As a result, zoning regulations varyfrom municipality to municipality, with some being much more restrictive than others.Zoning can affect housing opportunity in many ways. By regulating the type, location, and, quantityof housing that can be b uilt, zoning influenc es the ty pes and numbe rs of housing opportunitiesavailable for different types of households with different types of housing needs. In addition, byregulating the density of housing developments (the number of units permitted per acre of land), andby establishing minimum lot width and setback r equirements, zoning impacts the overall cost ofhousing. When zoning r equirements such as thes e are ex cessive, a variety of housing relatedinfrastructure costs, such as sidewalks, curbing, streets, and utility service lines, increase. Theseincreased costs to the developer are recouped by increasing the cost of homes in the development.Zoning r egulations, however , are just one aspec t of cost (see Su bdivision/Land De velopmentRegulations below).Subdivision/Land Development RegulationsSubdivision/land development ordinances have been enacted by 67 of the County's 72 municipalities.In each of the five (5) remaining municipalities, all of which are boroughs, subdivision and landdevelopment regulation is under the jurisdiction of the County. This means that there are 68different sets of standards regulating subdivision and land development in the County. Although thegeneral purpose of each subdivision/land development ordinance is to ensure adequate vehicularaccess to the building site, saf e pedes trian movement, suff icient stormwater management, safedrinking water and sanitary sewage disposal systems, and protection of the environment, as well as98Demand for and Cost of Housing

Housing & Community Development Planto promote quality community design, the regulations established to accomplish these purposes varysignificantly.The requirements commonly established deal with street design standards, curbing and sidewalkstandards, landscaping, drainage improvements, dedication of land for r ecreation, traffic impactstudies, environmental impact studies, water feasibility studies, and sewage planning modules. Sincesuch requirements vary from municipality to municipality, the cost to develop identical housingtypes can also vary from one municipality to another and, likewise, affect the affordability of housingthroughout the County.The administrative procedures necessary for the approval of subdivision/land development plans canalso affect the cost of housing. The lack of a coordinated approval process can result in unanticipateddelays which can cause increases in the cost of development. In addition, municipal review fees forthe engineering inspection of improvements in the housing development can affect the overall costof the project and, ultimately, the cost of homes within the development.Building CodesPennsylvania's statewide building code is c alled the Unif orm Construction Code (UCC).Enforcement of the UCC began in April 2004. The intended purpose is to ensure minimum standardsof health and safety in existing and new residential construction. The UCC is now applicable toconstruction and to the use and occupancy of all buildings in the Commonwea lth (except whereexempted from UCC permit and inspection requirements). If the established requirements exceedthe minimum standard necessary to protect the health and safety of the residents of the dwelling, thenthey can create a barrier to affordable housing opportunities by adding unnecessary expenses to thehousing pr oject. The adoption of the Pennsylvania UCC may also add a dditional fees f or themunicipalities, which will be passed along to the consumer effecting the final cost of housing.Currently, 71 of the 72 municipalities in York County administer the UCC locally. WinterstownBorough relies on the State to administer the UCC within the Borough.Sewer and Water Tap In FeesSewer and water tap in fees imposed on developments by municipalities and/or water and sewerauthorities can significantly increase the overall cost of a housing project. As with other regulations,sewer and water tap in fees vary throughout the County. However, in municipalities where these feesare excessive, the afordability of dwellings otherwise intended to increase housing opportunities forlower income persons could be jeopardized.Another issue inherent with sewer and water tap in fees that affects the construction of housing isthe method in which the fees are typically imposed. In most cases, the tap in fees are imposed ona per dwelling unit basis. As a result, the tap in fee for a one (1)-bedroom apartment is the same asfor a four (4)-bedroom single family detached home. Thus, lower cost, higher density housing endsup bearing a disproportionate share of the burden of paying for these fees, and in effect, subsidizesthe tap in fees for large lot, single family detached housing development in the County.Demand for and Cost of Housing 99

Housing & Community Development PlanYork County Housing SummitIn addition to the barrie rs outlined above, Y ork County had a uni que opportunity to determinebarriers and suggest solutions for housing in the County. The York County Housing Summit washeld on March 5, 2009. Over 150 persons representing a wide range of housing professionals,community services providers, elected officials, non-profit organizations, faith-based groups and theprivate sector attended. F inanced in part by a g rant from the Commonwealth of Pennsy lvania,Department of Community and Economic Development, the Summit’s objectives were to increaseawareness of housing needs and opportunities, to develop a framework for an active and viable City-County Housi ng Advisory Commi ssion and to motivate participants to bec ome eng aged andinvolved.At the Housing Summit, participants were provided a summary of the information collected duringthe housing workshops that were held in the Fall of 2008. Coordinated by the York County PlanningCommission and the Healthy York County Coalition Housing Task Force and using the services ofa professional facilitator, focus groups were conducted on seven (7) topic areas as fol lows:Affordable Housing , Homelessness, H ousing f or Specia l Needs, F air Housing , HousingRehabilitation and Revitalization, and Planning for Growth and Infrastructure. As a result of thefacilitated discussions, a baseline of information was provided for the Housing Summit. Buildingon that, Housing Summit participants were invited to participate in six (6) breakout sessions on thefollowing topics: Affordable Housing, Homelessness, Housing for Special Needs and Fair Housing,Housing Rehabilitation and Revitalization, and Planning for Growth/Infrastructure. The barriersidentified at the Housing Summit, related to housing, are as below. T he barriers identified inPlanning for Growth/Infrastructure are included in the Community Development Plan section of thisPlan.• The barriers to fair housing include lack of understanding of what fair housing is and how itaffects life choices; lack of education both on the part of those not practicing fair housing andthose being discriminated against (accessibility, rental housing, homeownerhsip and predatorylending); lack of public transportation in some areas; community opposition (zoning, permits);and enforcement of laws (public education to encourage reporting of violations, testers).• The barriers to affordable housing include lack of regulation and codes for landlords resultingin blighted living conditions and abandoned properties; lack of a specific agency charged withidentifying available h ousing and af fordable housing stock in the County ; lead-based paintregulations; historical preservation standards; increase costs for taxes and utilities; political willfor rehabilitation; and a lack of municipal education and understanding concerning the dynamicof affordable housing and its effects.• The barriers to housing rehabilitation and revitalization include proble ms with ex istinghousing stock (lead-based paint, asbestos, neglect, abandonment, and location); lack of qualifiedcontractors; increase o f operational and maintena nce costs and issues; cost of procur ementprocedures; end user commitment to the project; building codes; neighborhood perceptions ofcertain populations; lack of start-up funds for developers; lack of streamlined or standardizedapplication processes; and community perception of safety and crime.• The barriers to housing for special needs populations include lack of service integration withhousing (transportation); lack of f unding and program consistency regarding definitions and100Demand for and Cost of Housing

Housing & Community Development Planregulations; service access in efficiency resulting in month long waiting lists; insufficient stockof safe, decent, affordable housing; lack of discharge planning for institutional systems (prisons,hospitals, and mental health facilities; and lack of community education• The barriers to homelessness include a lack of an established local/county homeless planninggroup; lack of community education and awareness; absent discharge planning from the prison,health care and foster care systems; fragmented system and homeless program definitions;evolving homeless population dynamic as a result of the housing crisis and current economicsituation; lack of housing and service availability for certain homeless subpopulations (seriousmentally ill [ SMI], women, and chronic ally homeless); an d lack of acc ess to housing a ndservices in rural areas.SummaryThe fir st part of this chapter addr essed the e xisting conditions that must be considere d in thediscussion of the demand and cost of housing. The County’s low vacancy rate and relatively highrate of homeownership are factors to consider. The sharp increase in median home sale prices inrecent years has been noticeable, having a direct effect on the affordability of homeownership. Theforeclosure crisis and the Neighborhood Stabilization Program were included in this discussion.The second section took a close look at the barriers to affordable housing. The affordability studyconducted for this Plan concluded that affordable rental options for low and very-low income rentersare limited and that most of the market-rate rental complex developments were priced out of reachto the low and very-low income renters. The waiting lists for public housing units in the County arecurrently very lengthy and cr eate a burde n for f amilies and individuals in need of this type ofhousing. A dditional barrier s can be influence d by z oning and subdivision/ land deve lopmentregulations, and by sewer and w ater tap-in fe es. Other barriers were identified during the YorkCounty Housing Summit.Subsequent chapters of the Housing Plan section will present the housing needs assessment, as wellas discuss the topics of housing for the homeless and non-homeless special populations. Housingstrategies are also developed.Demand for and Cost of Housing 101

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 5Needs AssessmentIntroductionSo far, this Plan has provided a great deal of background information, including the review of relatedplans and studies, informa tion regarding the g eneral characteristics of the County , data on theCounty’s housing supply, housing trends, and housing cost and the demand for housing. The nextstep in this planning process is to assess the County’s housing needs.This chapter will include needs identified through public meetings and surveys, by agencies dealingwith housing needs, by the 2009 Housing Summit, by the Housing Authority (public housing andSection 8 assistance ), and subsidized rental housing pr ograms. Utilizi ng a modified CHAS(Comprehensive H ousing A ffordability St rategy), th e h ousing n eeds b y c ategories o f p ersonsaffected are also assessed, looking specifically at extremely-low, low and moderate income persons.The general housing needs are presented. Social service needs are identified in the CommunityDevelopment section of this Plan. The needs of the homeless and special non-homeless populationsare examined in the subsequent, respective chapters.General Needs IdentifiedA variety of sources, including the updated CHAS, Housing Summit, agency input, related plans andstudies and a newspaper survey/sampling of advertised rent, were consulted in the identification ofthe general housing needs. As a result, the general housing needs are as follows:• regardless of household size, ex tremely low income per sons have hig her incidence s ofhousing problems• transitional housing services for youth aging out of the foster care system• lack of affordable housing options for rental and homeownership• need for better coordination between housing and service agenciesAdditionally , through the planning process, the County held public meetings to discuss and to obtainpublic comment regarding housing and related needs, Those identified needs are listed below.Needs Identified through Public MeetingsThe primary housing needs identified through the meeting include the following:• the need for funding for housing counseling services, particularly to address the high ratesof foreclosure• the need for education, specifically related to landlord/tenant and fair housingNeeds Assessment 103

Housing & Community Development PlanOutreach ProgramsThe County of York reached out to other departments, agencies, governments and the communityto ascertain the true state of housing and community needs in the County. The process of identifyingthe needs of the community and developing strategies to meet those needs started in-house with thedecision to combine the housing component of the County Comprehensive Plan with the housingcomponent of the York County Consolidated Plan for fiscal years 2010 - 2014. While work was inprogress on the dual County plan, the County partnered with the Healthy York County Coalition andthe City of York to host seven housing workshops which culminated in the 2009 Housing Summitand the idea to create the York Housing Advisory Commission, a joint task force of the City andCounty. In addition, a Community Development Needs Survey was sent to all 72 municipalities,public service agencies and the Citizens Advisory Committee.Needs Identified by Agencies Dealing with Housing NeedsThe needs expressed at the public meetings, as well as through the surveys, are further substantiatedby data from agencies that deal with the housing needs of the general community. The primaryagencies involved include FIRST (Free Information and Reference System Teleline), a program ofthe United Way of York County; the Housing Alliance of York; Housing Initiatives CommunityDevelopment Corporation; the Communit y Progress Council; and the Yo rk Area De velopmentCorporation. Background information and data obtained from these agencies is summarized below.Additionally, information regarding transitional living services for youth (18-21) aging out of fostercare was compiled and is included.FIRST serves the entire County of York – pe ople living in or looking forinformation about York County. FIRST began in 1980 as the United Way's"Hotline for He lp." Ove r time, its service ha s grown dramatically fromanswering 800 phone calls a year to 37,000 calls annually. Callers ask for help with anything fromfood, shelter, rent and utility assistance to health care, legal assistance and job searches. FIRST isavailable 24 hours per day, seven (7) days per week by phone and a searchable database is availableon the web.From January 1, 2008, throug h December 31, 2008, F IRST reported that 2,941 housing -relatedinquiries were received. Of these 784, or 26.6%, were emergency and/or homeless shelter calls; 640or 21.7% were persons seeking subsidized housing or Housing Authority, Section 8 related; another800 or 27.2% were housing counseling/ rental housing information calls; the remaining 24.5% or720 calls covered a variety of housing needs including senior, transitional, and disabled housingneeds. In addition, F IRST re ported 2,193 inquiries regarding utility bill assist ance an d 1 ,191inquiries regarding rental assistance.Housing Alliance of York is the greater York area's primary provider ofhousing counseling and programs geared toward creating and sustaininghomeowners. Its mission is to stabilize and enhance the commun itythrough professional housing counseling services. Its core values assertthat access to safe, decent, and affordable shelter is a basic human right; that informed consumersare empowered to make sustainable decisions about their housing needs; and that the communitybenefits when consumers make responsible decisions and have access to a variety of housing.104Needs Assessment

Housing & Community Development PlanHousing Alliance of York has moved from providingthe comprehensive housing counseling servicesof the former Housing Council of York, where strong emphasis was placed on rental counseling andhomeless prevention, to offering an expanded and far more in-depth collection of homeownershipcounseling services. Demand for all services is up. While there appears to be a resurgence in thedemand fo r f irst t ime h omebuyer as sistance an d ed ucation as a r esult o f c hanges i n m ortgagequalifications, the Housing Alliance is experiencing new requests for financial counseling. Perhapsthe greatest increase in request for services is for existing homeowners struggling financially to staycurrent with their obligations that are seeking foreclosure mitigation assistance and reverse mortgagecounseling.The programs and services of the Housing Alliance are outlined below:• Foreclosure Mitigation Counseling Initiative (FMCI) - This national initiative was implementedin 2008 in response to the housing crisis. The Initiative provides counseling to homeownersstruggling t o s tay c urrent, o ffering a v ariety o f o ptions t o m itigate f oreclosure a ctions. InPennsylvania, the Homeowners Emergency Mortgage Assistance Program (HEMAP) has beenincorporated into this larger initiative and provides the best data available locally to reflect theincreased demand for services. A 27% increase in HEMAP applications was seen in 2008 overthe previous year for a total of 433 HEMAP applications being prepared and submitted to thePennsylvania Housing Finance Agency (PHFA) for assistance. While an alarming one (1)-yearincrease, it becomes more concerning when put into perspective as a 35% increase over two (2)years, from 2006 to 2008. 316 HEMAP applications were processed in 2007 and 281 in 2006.In 2008, an additional ten (10) clients were provided with foreclosure counseling assistance thatresulted in participation in FHA’s Loss Mitigation Program. Sixty-one (61) clients were assistedat the Hous ing Alliance of York through PHFA’s Default and Delinquenc y Counseling ( anoffering new in 2008).• Credit and Debt Counseling - A much greater demand for financial counseling appeared in 2008,with 44 households requesting Credit and Debt Counseling as compared to 21 households theprior year ( a 52% increase). I t is important to note that of the 44 households requestingassistance in 2008, 34 of them were served in the last quarter of 2008, reflecting national trendsin the economy and housing crisis. Data from the first quarter of 2009 indicates that the demandwill stay strong.• York Homebuyer Assistance Program (YHAP) - This is the former “3/2" Prog ram.Administered by the Housing Alliance of York, this program provides eligible York City andYork County residents with down payment and closing cost assistance. Requests for assistancewere up 15% in 2008, representing 39 applicants as compared to 33 applicants the previous year.• Homebuyer Education - During 2008, the Housing Alliance of York c ontinued to offerhomebuyer education in the form of a four ( 4) part, ten (10) hour workshop with volunteerpresenters speaking on topics of working with a REALTOR®, the importance of credit, lendingoptions and predatory lending prevention, what to expect at a real estate settlement, and fairNeeds Assessment 105

Housing & Community Development Planhousing. 383 people completed this training during 2008. Completion of this education is aprerequisite for financial assistance through YHAP.A change in this education began in January 2009, whereby the same topics are covered withguest presenters, however the workshops have been condensed to two (2) thre (3)- hour sessionsfollowed by two (2) or more hours of one-on-one counseling for a certification of completion.Early results of this chang e have been positive a s the one-on- one counseling allows a moredetailed action plan to be created for the buyer to become purchase ready.• Family Savings Account Program - The Housing Alliance of York remains York County’s onlyprovider of Family Savings A ccounts / I ndividual Development Ac counts and the pr ogramremains in high demand. During 2007, 14 new enrollees opened savings accounts and beganmeeting the re quirements for a saving s match (m ost often used for purcha se of a home).Enrollment increased to 24 active savers during 2008. Thirty (30) new savings allotments arebeing awarded to the Housing Alliance of York in 2009. There is no marketing plan for thisprogram and yet almost always a waiting list of people hoping for one of a limited number ofsavings slots available.• Reverse Mortgage Counseling - The Housing Alliance of York provided HU D- a pprovedcounseling for 73 elderly households considering a Home Equity Conversion Mortgage in 2008.This represents a 16% increase over 61 requests during 2007. TheHousing Alliance of York hasconsistently provided reverse mortgage counseling for approximately 60 households each yearfor many years. The increase in 2008 appears to be indicative of a higher level of awareness of,interest in and ne ed for reverse annuities within our ag ing population and ear ly requests forservice in 2009 show every indication of this trend continuing.Housing Initiatives Community Development Corporation (HICDC) is a legally separate affiliateorganization of the Housi ng Alliance of York that c urrently operates as a busine ss line of theHousing Al liance. H ICDC is a fu ll s ervice de veloper o f a ffordable ho using a nd comm unitydevelopment projects and property management. HICDC is different from many other communitydevelopment corporations because it is not neighborhood specific. It brings development experienceto work in targeted areas that may not have otherwise had the capacity for such expertise. HICDChas in-house de velopment capacity and does not re ly on paid c onsultants for the pr eparation offeasibility analysis, proformas, assessments, and funding applications.• Acquisition/Rehab/Resale and Infill units - One of the greatest needs HICDC continues to seeis for smaller housing and community development projects in York County’s older boroughsof one(1) to four (4 )units or parcels. The commonality in many of these sites is that theyare notlarge en ough to a ttract interest from the private market or developers seeking larger scaleprojects, but are indeed large enough to pose seriously blighting influences on their surroundings.HICDC sees a priority need to continue the Adopt-A-House-style rehab with select propertiesthat can make a significant community impact, especially where investment of public funds hasalready occurred.106Needs Assessment

Housing & Community Development PlanAs the Housing Alliance of York sees the dramatic increase in foreclosure mitigation counseling,there is a sizable increase in households that have not successfully mitigated foreclosure and arenow vacant. There was a record high number of short sales and REO properties in York Countyas of early 2009. HICDC sees a priority need for responsible return of these properties to beingoccupied homes. Without intervention, this version of the private market taking care of itselfmay lead to a cycle of foreclosure, creating an even greater negative impact in our community.• Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation and One(1)- Four (4) Unit Rental Rehabilitations - During thepast ten (10) years, the formula that made traditional acquisition/rehabilitation/resale projects sohighly desirable has been adversely affected by the high cost of construction and materialssignificantly outpacing the c orresponding real estate values. This results in requiring muchhigher subsidies. Smaller projects obviously have less room to spread the higher costs. As aresult, the HICDC has begun recommending targeted expansion of rehabilitation programs - bothowner-occupied and smaller scale rental-occupied rehabs - as a far more cost effective meansto create a momentum of chang e in targ eted areas. HICDC sees a g rowing need to stre tchlimited dollars and create critical impact by targeting funds into specific neighborhoods throughrehab programs, façade programs, infrastructure improvements and other creative means.• Multi-Unit Rental Rehabilitation and Property Management - Census data and other sourcesindicate the growing aging population in York County. Private developers have responded inkindwith an influx of LIHTC applications for senior housing. A concerning trend apparent toHICDC is wit hin the extremely low-income e lderly population that is most often not beingtargeted for these privately developed elderly projects.Another trend of concern is the increased operating costs of multi-family developments, due ingreat part to increased utility costs. HICDC sees a growing need to protect investments alreadymade in af fordable housing and to selectively reinvest is such developments. Preser vationmoney for e xisting projec ts is also becoming incre asingly nece ssary to secure the initialinvestment made in these de velopments. Whil e there is a ba lance to be struck be tween therefunding of existing projects and funding of new projects to increase supply, HICDC is seeingan important need to correct issues and address shortages where funds have already been spentso as to not allow those investments to disintegrate.The Community Progress Council, Inc. (CPC) is York County’s Community Action Agency. ThethAgency is in i ts 40 year of providing services to promote self-sufficiency among low-incomeresidents of York City and York County. CPC focuses on providing rental assistance and casemanagement to the homeless and near homeless in the York County area.• The Rental Assistance Program (RAP) - RAP is an emer gencyhousing initiative that exists to help the homeless and near homelesssecure and/or maintain housing. Clients may apply for f inancialassistance t o pay first month’s rent, a se curity deposit or re ntdelinquencies. Households with children may be eligible for up to$1000 within a 24 month period, while households without childrenmay be eligible for $750 within a 24 month period, depending upon meeting program eligibilityNeeds Assessment 107

Housing & Community Development Planguidelines. Clients must attend a pr e-screening w orkshop to deter mine elig ibility for theProgram. Income guidelines are 150% of poverty.In 2008, a total of 607 households sought rental assistance from CPC’s RAP. The total numberof people in the households was 1,605. Of that total, 54.5% (875) were adults and 45.5% (730)were children. About 68% of the households served lived in York City and 32% resided in thebalance of the County.A total of 394 families with children wer e served and of that total, about 60% (240) werehouseholds with a sing le female head of household. The re were 213 adult-only householdsserved during the same period.Looking a t th e 20 08 ho usehold d ata, a bout 9 1% (5 51) o f t he ho useholds ha d a inc omeat or be low 150% of pove rty and just over 9% (56) ha d household income above 150% ofpoverty.• CPC Homeless/Near Homeless Case Management Services - Case Management is a strategy tohelp fa milies or individuals fac ing multiple problems to desig n and implement a se t of“customized” steps that will lead ultimately to reach self sufficiency. Clients mus t meet thedefinition of homeless/near homeless and income guidelines for the program. Homel ess isdefined as those living in a shelter, prison, hospital, mental health and/or drug abuse facility withnowhere to reside upon discharge. Also, those living in condemned buildings, doubled-up, onstreets, in cars and in doorways are considered homeless. Those near homeless have receivedwritten notice of eviction from alandlord. To receive case management services, individuals andfamilies must be 200% of poverty.In 2008, a total of 457 households soug ht case management services. Of the 1,092 per sonscomprising those households, 57% (621) were adults and 43% (471) were children. 80% (875)of the clients resided in York City and 20% resided in the balance of the County (217).During that period, 240 house holds were families with children and 56% ( 134) of them weresingle female-headed households. Of that total, 217 were adult-only households.The priority needs enumerated by CPC Case Management are: rental assistance for preventionand obtaining permanent housing, affordable housing opportunities, landlord tenant rights andresponsibility guidance, permanent supportive services housing for families and individuals,rapid-rehousing from shelter system, case management, outreach, and budget counseling.The York Area Development Corporation (YADC) is a non-prof it housing deve lopmentcorporation in York County created to provide much nee ded affordable and de cent housing forYork’s low income residents in both the City and County. The agency was founded in 1971 as YorkHousing Deve lopment Corporation, to provide much- neededaffordable and decent housing for York’s low income residents inboth the City and County.The fir st major eff ort of the or ganization was the ac quisition,108Needs Assessment

Housing & Community Development Planrehabilitation and resale of 32 substandard houses in the City between 1972 and 1982. In additionto its home ownership a ctivities, Y ADC became a major developer of rental hous es fo r Y orkCounty’s low income r esidents. Starting c onservatively, the ag ency acquired five (5) a partmenthouses in the mid 1970’s which it reha bilitated and re nted. Project de velopments continuedthroughout the decades.With funding assistance from County administered pr ograms, the f ollowing projects have beendeveloped: Cloverfield Apa rtments, The De lphia House, Dutc h Kitchen SRO, East King StreetApartments, Green Meadow Apartments, Highland Manor, Kingston House Apartments, LibertyApartments and Mt. Rose Apartments.The YADC also has a total of 20 chronically mentally ill HUD 202/Section 8 Rehab units that wereco-sponsored with Bell Socialization Services and were first occupied in April 1987. These unitsare located at 512 West Market Street, 441 West King Street, 340 West Princess Street, 320 EastKing Street, 238 East College Avenue, 240 East College Avenue, 361 East Philadelphia Street, and365 East Philadelphia Street.YADC has a lso completed and sold the f ollowing pr ojects: Wy ndamere Apartments, PennApartments, 225 and 227 South Penn Street, Stevens School Apartments, Barley-Trolley Roads, andHill Street Apartments. YADC currently has nine (9) affordable housing developments throughoutthe County, which are managed by Delphia Management Corporation. YADC also co-sponsors anonprofit owner corporation, Bell Housing, Inc., which creates units for the chronically mentally ill.These units ar e in eig ht (8) re novated houses scattered throughout York City . Two (2) of thebuildings are group homes with four (4) bedrooms each, and six (6) of the buildings are two (2)-unitapartments houses. Bell Socialization Services is the property manager.YADC sees a priority need for single room occupancy (SRO) units, housing units for the over 62years of age population and the under 62 disabled person. All YADC clients are low to very lowincome households. The YADC works e xclusively from wa iting lists for all t heir housingdevelopments.Transitional Living Services for Youth (18-21) Aging Out of Foster CareAnnually, York County is responsible for about 100 youth aging out of foster care from the childwelfare system and the juvenile probation system. Youths range in age from 18 to 21 y ears andrequire supportive housing, education, training, job plac ement and health care. Typically, youngadults with the best resources enroll in college to live in structured living situations on campuses.They young adults who do not pursue higher education are not afforded the same necessary structureto assist them with success. The Children’ s Home of Yor k and the Yor k Area DevelopmentCorporation, in c ooperation with the York County Human Services Department, York CountyChildren and Youth Services and York County Juvenile Probation, provided information about thisspecial population.Since 1985, Federal legislation has created a framework for assisting youth who are aging out offoster care, most recently Foster Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act (HR 6893),the Chafee Foster Care Independence Act (FICA) and the Family Unification Program (FUP). EachNeeds Assessment 109

Housing & Community Development Planpiece of legislation is focused on improving the outcomes for youth who are aging out of the fostercare system.Locally, a g roup of ke y stakeholders led by the Children’s Home of York, sug gest a P ermanentSupportive Housing Program for young adults, ages 18 to 21, who are aging out of the foster caresystem. The goal is a supportive housing community that would provide not only shelter, life skillsand support services. This project will either renovate an existing building or build to suit efficiencyunits, as well as provide for common areas. Re sidents would pay a portion of their householdincome for rent. Assessments will be conducted at intake and periodically to assess progress.In concept, the Children’s Home of York would provide the c ase management services, screenreferrals and make decisions re garding the ap propriateness of the re ferrals. The York Ar eaDevelopment Corporation would provide the building and property management services. YorkCounty Juvenile Probation and Children and Youth Services will provide ref errals and the Y orkCounty Human Services Department would provide support to the project by way of statistics andother necessary information and support the York County Planning Commission by identifying thisproject as a key solution for improving the outcomes of youth aging out of foster care.No funding has been committed to this program as of the date of this report, however the need toassist those young adults aging out of the foster care system is clearly defined.Needs Identified by Housing Work Groups and Housing SummitIn addition to soliciting information concerning housing barriers outlined in Chapter 4, York Countytook advantage of a unique opportunity to determine housing needs and appropriate strategies in theCounty. The York County Housing Summit, which was held on March 5, 2009, attracted over 150persons representing a wide range of housing professionals, community services providers, electedofficials, non-profit organizations, faith-based groups and the private sector. Financed in part by agrant f rom th e Com monwealth of Pe nnsylvania, D epartment o f C ommunity a nd Ec onomicDevelopment, the Summi t’s objectives we re to incr ease awa reness of housing ne eds andopportunities, to develop a f ramework for an ac tive and viable City -County Housing AdvisoryCommission and to motivate participants to become engaged and involved.At the Housing Summit, participants were provided a summary of the information collected duringhousing workgroups conducted in the fall of 2008. Coordinate d by the York County PlanningCommission and the Healthy York County Coalition Housing Task Force and using the services ofa professional facilitator, focus groups were held for seven (7) topic areas as follows: AffordableHousing, Homelessness, Housing for Spec ial Needs, Fair Housing, Housing Rehabilitation andRevitalization, Planning for Growth, and Infrastructure. As a result of the facilitated discussions, abaseline of information was provided for the Housing Summit. Building on that, Housing Summitparticipants we re inv ited to pa rticipate in s ix (6 ) b reakout s essions o n th e fo llowing top ics:Affordable Housing , Homelessness, Housing for Spec ial Nee ds and F air Housing, H ousingRehabilitation and Revitalization, and Planning for Growth/Infrastructure. Housing needs weregenerated f or ea ch to pic and are in the following table. The community development ne edsidentified through the Housing Summit will be discussed in the Community Development sectionof this Plan.110Needs Assessment

Table 22: Needs Identified at the York Housing SummitAffordable Housing NeedsHousing Rehabilitation andRevitalizationFair Housing Homeless Non-Homeless Special Populations• Community planningwhere transportation andother infrastructure exists• Partnerships,strengthenedcollaboration, and jointplanning between thecommunity, local officials,housing and serviceagencies• Safe, decent affordablehousing for the elderly,special needs persons,and single populations• Greater housing programsand services including, butnot limited to, first-timehomebuyers, renter andhomeownershipcounseling, rental andutility assistance, creditand debt counseling,foreclosure mitigation, fairhousing advocacy, andreverse mortgagecounseling• Outreach and educationconcerning affordablehousing programs• Regulation reduction andadministrativestreamlining• Support from the Countyand City through varioushousing programs• Streamlined orstandardized applicationprocesses• Securing funds to coverlong-term operationalexpenses• Outreach and educationconcerning HousingRehabilitation Programs• Adequate subsidy,experienced developersand qualified contractors• Rehabilitate existinghousing with end-userconsistency• Support from the Countyand City through varioushousing programs• Streamlined orstandardized applicationprocesses• Securing funds to coverlong-term operationalexpenses• Outreach and educationconcerning HousingRehabilitation Programs• Adequate subsidy,experienced developersand qualified contractors• Rehabilitate existinghousing with end-userconsistency• Effective dischargeplanning from the Prison,Health Care and FosterCare Systems resulting inrapid re-housing andservice continuity• Transitional housingservices for youth agingout of foster care• Development of aLocal/County HomelessPlanning Group• Community education,awareness and outreach• Homeless preventionservices - rental and utilityassistance• Coordination betweenhomeless providers,housing and serviceagencies• Programs/Shelters forW omen, persons withSevere Mental Illness(SMI), and ChronicallyHomeless individuals andfamilies• Availability to safe,decent, affordable housing• Social service agencypartnerships andcoordination• Improved serviceintegration (transportation)with housing• Drug and Alcoholprograms and services• Effective dischargeplanning from theinstitutional system(prison, hospital, andmental health facilities)• Growing elderlypopulation and needs. Inhomeservices to assistindividuals aging in place• Increased funding andnon-restrictive programregulations and definitions• Facilities providing careand services for MH/MRpersonsNeeds Identified by the Housing Authority - Public Housing and Section 8 Assistance

Housing & Community Development PlanThe York Housing Authority(YHA) indicated in the 2009-2010Agency Plan that as of April 1, 2009,2,486 households were on the waiting list for a public housing unit and that 3,707 households wereon the waiting list for a Section 8 rental subsidy.Of the house holds on the public housi ng waiting list, 708 households (28%) ar e seeking onebedroomunits; 1,062 (43%) are seeking two-bedroom units; 624 (25%) are seeking three-bedroomunits; 81 (3%) are seeking four-bedroom units; and 11 (

Housing & Community Development PlanNeeds Identified by Subsidized Rental ProjectsA survey of subsidized rental projects throughout the County shows waiting lists with lengths thatvary. Waiting lists range from three (3) months to two (2) years. The following is the current waittime for developments utilizing HOME dollars.Table 23:York County Affordable Housing Waiting Lists - March 31, 2009Development Elderly Family Total Wait PeriodPark View at Tyler Run 12 n/a 12 12 monthsManchester Heights 10 n/a 10 12 monthsHanover Residences 59 n/a 59 6-12 monthsHanover Senior 8 n/a 8 12-24 monthsYork Commons 0 32 32 6-12 monthsGateway Apartments 13 20 33 12-24 monthsM’Calister Inn 3 2 5 2-3 monthsNew Freedom 0 6 6 6 monthsOpera House I and II 12 4 16 6-12 monthsPoplar Creek 4 9 13 6-12 monthsShelly School Apartments 0 0 0 24 months +Shrewsbury Courtyards 14 1BR n/a 14 9-12 months12 2BR n/a 12 12-24 monthsShrewsbury Courtyards II 28- 1BR n/a 28 12-24 months18- 2BR n/a 18 12-24 monthsSpringwood Overlook 54 n/a 54 18 monthsStony Brook Gardens 97 n/a 97 24 months +Tailored Ladyno current waiting listVillage Court 0 36- 2BR 36 6 months0 62 3BR 62 23 monthsWarehouse ApartmentsWaverly Courtno current waiting listsame waiting list used as Village CourtWyndamere Apartments 47 5 52 6 monthsTotals 391 176 567Source: YCPC surveyNeeds Assessment 113

Housing & Community Development PlanMost affordable rental projects experience verylittle tena nt turnover. Projec t manag ers ofdevelopments with e xtensive wa iting lis tsand/or little turnover of units often ref erapplicants to projects that have shorter waitinglists and/or a more frequent turnover of units. Alist of all affordable rental developments in theCounty was compiled and is mailed to personscontacting the County for assistance in findingaffordable rental housing.Housing Needs by Categories ofPersons AffectedThis section examines h ousing needs in thefollowing categories: Extremely Low Income,Low Income, and Moderate Income. Table24presents data for the entire County.Cost Burden: ratio between payments forhousing (including utilities) and reportedhousehold income, when such costs are between30-50% of reported gross incomeHousing Problem: includes cost burden >30%and/or overcrowding, and/or without completekitchen and plumbingMFI: median family incomeOvercrowding: the condition of having morethan one (1) person per room per residenceSevere Cost Burden: housing costs exceeding50% of reported gross incomeUsing a methodology developed by the York County Planning Commission, 2000 CHAS data and2007 American Community Survey are considered to determine households with housing problemsby household income. The methodology utilized to determine the 2007 information and theprojections can be found in the appendix of this Plan.Table 24: Households with Housing Problems by Household IncomeYork County, 2007Income Category ofHouseholdRENTERSTotalWith Any HousingProblem*Cost Burden Only30%-50%Cost Burden OnlyMore than 50%Total % Total % Total %Extremely Low(0-30% MFI)Low(31-50% MFI)Moderate(51-80% MFI)6,877 5,082 73.9% 4,876 70.9% 3,631 52.8%6,595 4,326 65.6% 4,115 62.4% 805 12.2%9,378 1,697 18.1% 1,332 14.2% 131 1.4%Above 80% MFI 13,992 742 5.3% 322 2.3% 126 0.9%Total Renters 36,842 11,847 32.2% 10,645 28.9% 4,693 12.7%114Needs Assessment

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 24: Households with Housing Problems by Household IncomeYork County, 2007Income Category ofHouseholdTotalWith Any HousingProblem*Cost Burden Only30%-50%Cost Burden OnlyMore than 50%Total % Total % Total %OWNERSExtremely Low(0-30% MFI)Low(31-50% MFI)Moderate(51-80% MFI)6,772 5,147 76.0% 5,120 75.6% 3,623 53.5%10,363 4,819 46.5% 4,757 45.9% 2,290 22.1%21,105 7,366 34.9% 7,176 34.0% 1,562 7.4%Above 80% MFI 87,182 8,718 10.0% 8,021 9.2% 697 0.8%Total Owners 125,422 26,050 20.8% 25,074 20.0% 8,172 6.5%TOTAL ALL HOUSEHOLDSTotal All 162,264 37,897 23.4% 35,719 22.0% 12,865 7.9%Source: 2000 CHAS, American Community Survey (2007) and YCPCLooking at the Countywide data, it is shown that 32% of the total renters are experiencing a housingproblem, as compared to almost 21% of the total owners. 28.9% of the County’s renters are costburdenedas compared to 22% of the owners. Considering cost burdened by more than 50%, 6.5%of the County’s total owners are severely cost burdened, as compared to almost 13% of the renters.About 23% of the total house hold are experiencing some sort of housing problem. Of the totalhouseholds, 22% are suffering a cost burden of 30%-50%, while almost 8% are suffering a costburden greater than 50%.Balance of County NeedsAs per the requirements of the HUD Consolidated Planning process, detailed information is providedfor the balance of County. This analysis does not include York City. For related information on theCity, refer to the York City Consolidated Plan.There are four (4) categories of persons within each income bracket that are identified for analysisin this section. These categories are elderly, small families, large families, and other households.These categories of households are further examined by tenure, i.e., if the prope rty in which thehouseholder resides is owned or rented. The categories are defined below:•Elderly households are defined as having one (1) or two (2) members (family or non-family)with a head of household or a spouse age 62 years or older.•Small family households are comprised of two (2) to four (4) related family members. Allmembers are related by blood, marriage or adoption.Needs Assessment 115

Housing & Community Development Plan•Large family households are comprised of five (5) or more related family members. Like smallfamily households, all members are related by blood, marriage or adoption.• All “ other households” is for all others. It includes households where the household does notqualify for an elderly household based on the age requirement and the pe ople residing in thehousehold are single, or living together but not related by blood, marriage or adoption.Table 25 presents housing needs by household type, income and housing problem for the balanceof the County. The data on this table is the basis for the following section, housing needs by incomelevel.116Needs Assessment

Table 25: Housing Assistance Needs by Household Type, Income and Housing ProblemBalance of York County (not including York City), 2007 modified CHASRentersOwnersHousehold by Type, Income andHousing ProblemElderlySmallRelatedLargeRelatedAll OtherHouseholdsTotalRentersElderlySmallRelatedLargeRelatedAll OtherHouseholdsTotalOwnersHousehold Income < 30% MFI(Extremely Low Income)1,635 937 101 1,330 4,003 3,614 1,043 179 1,027 5,863% with any housing problem 64.2% 78.5% 94.9% 79.7% 73.6% 80.8% 82.4% 82.3%% Cost Burden > 30% 60.5% 78.0% 74.7% 78.9% 73.3% 80.8% 82.4% 80.5%% Cost Burden > 50% 46.1% 65.3% 40.4% 59.5% 42.1% 70.7% 77.1% 65.8%Household Income >30%- 30% 68.0% 65.0% 53.4% 75.5% 30.7% 64.9% 77.5% 68.6%% Cost Burden > 50% 23.0% 8.0% 3.6% 15.7% 11.9% 37.8% 44.6% 43.9%Household Income >50%- 30% 28.8% 12.1% 6.8% 18.2% 17.0% 45.9% 44.1% 51.8%% Cost Burden > 50% 7.6% 5.8% 0.0% 5.3% 4.7% 10.3% 5.6% 11.4%Household Income > 80% MFI 1,312 5,666 620 4,826 12,424 14,082 51,805 7,021 10,982 83,890% with any housing problem 19.3% 3.5% 15.6% 1.9% 6.2% 9.2% 14.2% 17.7%% Cost Burden > 30% 15.8% 1.2% 0.0% 0.8% 6.2% 8.9% 9.9% 17.7%% Cost Burden > 50% 9.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 1.1% 6.2% 5.3% 2.1%TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 5,915 10,660 1,450 10,303 28,328 32,323 61,257 9,194 15,517 118,291Source: 2000 CHAS, American Community Survey and YCPC

Housing & Community Development PlanExtremely Low Income Housing NeedsExtremely low income is defined as a household with an income of no more than 30% of medianfamily income of thearea as determined by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development(HUD), with adjustments for smaller and larger households.The 2009 extremely low income limits for York County are below. In addition to the householdsize and inc ome limit data provided by HUD, the hour ly wage was added f or reference. It wascalculated assuming a single wage earner working 40 hours per week, 52 weeks per year.2009 Extremely Low IncomeHousehold Size Income Hourly Wage*1 person $14,100 $6.782 persons $16,100 $7.743 persons $18,150 $8.734 persons $20,150 $9.695 persons $21,750 $10.466 persons $23,350 $11.237 persons $25,000 $12.028 persons $26,600 $12.79Source: www.hud.gov*assumes a single wage earner working 40 hours/week, 52 weeks/yearNeeds Identified by the 2007 Modified CHASAccording to 2007 modified CHAS, 4,003 renter households and 5,833 owner households areclassified as extremely low income.Of the total renter-occupied households, almost 41% are elderly households, 23% are small relatedhouseholds, 2.5% are large related households and 33% are “all other households.” 94.9% of largerelated renter-occupied households have experienced a housing problem with almost 75% costburdened greater than 30%. Looking at the small related renter households, 78.5% haveexperienceda housing problem and 65.3% have a cost burden greater than 50%.The elderly households comprise the la rgest percentage of extremely low rente rs and 64% haveexperienced housing problems.Of the 5,863 extremely low income owner households, almost 62% are elderly households, followedby 18% small related households, 18% “all other households,” and 3% large related households.While large related owner households represent the smallest percentage of the total extremely lowincome owner households, they have the highest percentage with housing problems (82.4%) andextreme cost burdened (77.1%).118Needs Assessment

Housing & Community Development PlanAlmost 74% of the extremely low income elderly households have experienced a housing problemand 42% a re suffering a severe cost burde n (>50%). While the larg e related owner householdsrepresent the lowest percentage of the total owner households, they experience the highest percentageof severe cost burden (housing costs exceeding 50% their household income) with over 77% severelycost burdened.Current NeedsIn York County, a family of four (4) making less than $20,150 would be considered to be in theextremely low income category.The York Housing Authority indicated that a s of April 1, 2009, there were 1,955 extremely lowincome households on the waiting list for public housing. This comprises almost 80% of the waitinglist. An additional3,051ex tremely low income house holds were on the waiting list for Section 8rental assistance. The extremely low income households account for about 80% of the Sec tion 8waiting list.The Community Progress Council C ase Management reports that for f iscal year 2007-2008, theRental Assistance Prog ram ser ved 419 (69% ) ex tremely low income consume rs. Of the totalhomeless case management clientele, 303 or 66% were extremely low income.The York Are a De velopment Corpora tion reports that in 2008, 66% of the ir consumer s wereextremely low income. In specific, the Delphia House had nine (9) extremely low income personsmove into the facility.Low Income Housing NeedsLow income households in York County are defined as those whose incomes do not exceed 50%of the median income of the area as determined by HUD, with adjustments for smaller or largerfamilies. However, for purposes of the HOME Program, such households are defined as “very lowincome.”The 2009 York County income limits for low income households, or very low income householdsfor the HOME Program below. In addition to the household size and income limit data provided byHUD, the hourly wage was added for reference. It was calculated assuming a single wage earnerworking 40 hours per week, 52 weeks per year.2009 Low IncomeHousehold Size Income Hourly Wage*1 person $23,500 $11.302 persons $26,900 $12.933 persons $30,250 $14.544 persons $33,600 $16.155 persons $36,300 $17.45Needs Assessment 119

Housing & Community Development Plan2009 Low IncomeHousehold Size Income Hourly Wage*6 persons $39,000 $18.757 persons $41,650 $20.028 persons $44,350 $21.32Source: www.hud.gov*assumes a single wage earner working 40 hours/week, 52 weeks/yearNeeds Identified by the 2007 Modified CHASAccording to 2007 modified CHAS, 4,546 renter households and 9,382 owner households areclassified as low income.Of the total renter households, about 35% are elderly households, 30% are small related, 6% arelarge related and 29% are “all other households.” Of the total renters, the “all other households”have the highest percentage with any housing problems (76.7%)and the highest percentage costburdened 7 5.5%. T he e lderly re nter h ouseholds ha ve the hig hest p ercentage of se verely c ostburdened at 23%.Looking a t the low income owne r house holds, about 66% are elder ly, 19% ar e small rela tedhouseholds, 4% are large related households and 10% are “all other households.” Among the lowincome owner households, 81.5% of the la rger related households have e xperienced a housingproblem. This household type also has the highest percentage of severe cost burden, with 44.6% ofthose households paying more that 50% of their total household income on housing.Current NeedsIn York County, a fa mily of four (4) making less than $ 33,600 would be conside red in the lowincome category.For fiscal year 2007-2008, the Community Progress Council reported that 158 or 26% of the RentalAssistance Program clients were low income. A pproximately 29% (132) of the homeless casemanagement clients were low income.The York Area Development Corporation reported that 33% of their consumers were low income.Delphia House had one (1) low income person move in during 2008.Data provided by the York Housing Authority indicate that as of April 1, 2009, there were 453 lowincome ho useholds on the waiting lis t for pu blic ho using a nd a n additional 644 lo w i ncomehouseholds on the Section 8 waiting list.Moderate Income Housing NeedsModerate income households in York County are defined as those whose incomes do not exceed80% of the median income of the area, as determined by HUD, with adjustments for sma ller andlarger families.120Needs Assessment

Housing & Community Development PlanThe York County 2009 income limits for moderate income households, or low income householdsfor the HOME Program are below. In addition to the household size and income limit data providedby HUD, the hourly wage was added for reference. It was calculated assuming a single wage earnerworking 40 hours per week, 52 weeks per year.2009 Moderate IncomeHousehold Size Income Hourly Wage*1 person $37,650 $18.102 persons $43,000 $20.673 persons $48,400 $23.274 persons $53,750 $25.845 persons $58,050 $27.906 persons $62,350 $29.987 persons $66,650 $32.048 persons $70,950 $34.11Source: www.hud.gov*assumes a single wage earner working 40 hours/week, 52 weeks/yearNeeds Identified by the 2007 Modified CHASAccording to 2007 modified CHAS, 7,355 renter households and 19,156 owner households areclassified as moderate income.Of the total renter households, about 18% a re elderly households, 37% are small related, 6% arelarge related and 38% are “all other households.” Of the total rente rs, large related householdsrepresent the smallest percentage of the total renter s, but have the hig hest percentage with anyhousing problems (34.2%). The moderate income elderly renters have the highest percentage of costburdened (28.8%) and severely cost burdened (7.6%).Looking at the moderate income owner households, about 44% are elderly, 34% are small relatedhouseholds, 8% are large related households and 14% are “all other households.” Among themoderate income owner households, 52.3% of the “all other households” have experienced a housingproblem. This household type also has the highest percentage of cost burden, with 51.8% of thosehouseholds paying more that 30% of their total household income on housing and 11.4% severelycost burdened (

Housing & Community Development PlanFor the same period, 22 homeless case management households (5%) were moderate income. ForFY 2003-04, the Housing Council data indicates that 225 or 13% of cases opened in the County(excludes the City) consisted of moderate income households.The York Housing Authority waiting lists are another indicator of current needs for moderate incomehouseholds. As of April 1, 2009, there were 77 moderate income households on the public housingwaiting list and an additional 12 on the Section 8 waiting list.Housing Needs for those with Household Income >80% MFIWhile not required by the Consolidated Plan, this Plan considers the housing needs of householdswith income greater than 80% of the median family income (MFI). I ncome guidelines for thisincome level are not published and available, however the housing needs are discussed in thissection.Needs Identified by the 2007 Modified CHASAccording to 2007 modified CHAS, 12,424 renter households and 83,890 owner households areclassified as having a household income greater than 80% MFI.Of the total renter households, about 11% are elderly households, 46% are small related, 5% arelarge related and 39% are “all other households.” Of the total rente rs, large related householdsrepresent the smallest percentage of the total renter s, but have the hig hest percentage with anyhousing problems (15.6%). The moderate income elderly renters have the highest percentage of costburdened (15.8%) and severely cost burdened (9.7%).Looking at the owner households, about 17% are elderly, 62% are small related households, 8% arelarge related households and 13% are “all other households.” Among these owner households,17.7% of the “all other households” have experienced a housing problem. This household type alsohas the highest percentage of cost burden, with 17.7% of those households paying more that 30%of their total household income on housing. Small related households have the highest percentageof severe cost burden with 6.2% paying more than 50% of housing costs.Projected and Priority Housing Needs Assessment to 2014The needs for 2014 were projected using the 2007 modified CHAS as the base then applying amethodology similar to that which was used to update the 2000 CHAS. The specific methodologyis discussed in Appendix _. As noted in the methodology, the “unmet need” was assumed to be the“percent with any housing problem” in the 0-30%, 31-50% and 51-80% income categories. Thisdata, together with data from the Housing Needs Assessment Survey and an analysis of the currentconditions in York County, were used to determine the priority need level. Highlights of conditionsconsidered follows.The US Census Bureau estimates that York County has increased in population from 2000 to 2008by 42,832 persons, or 11.2%. Much of this increase, however, is attributed to the growth of areasin the County adjacent to Maryland and the H arrisburg Metropolitan Are a rather than f rom anincrease in employment in the County.122Needs Assessment

Housing & Community Development PlanThe Affordable Housing Expansion Strategy (2006) prepared for the Healthy York County CoalitionHousing Task Force indicates that a growing trend is toward smaller non-traditional, non-family,single-person households. This is particularly evident among older households in the 55 and olderage category. York County age trends indicate that the aging population is ever increasing. As thepopulation ages, so does the housingstock. Experiencein housing rehabilitation indicates that manyelderly homeowners cannot physically maintain their hom es and, a t the same time, do not haveadequate funds to repair them. As a result, deferred maintenance precipitates substandard conditions.Based on current economic trends, there will be changes in the housing needs of York Countyduringthe next five (5)years. Trends have pointed to increasing unemployment and decreases in higherpayingmanufacturing jobs. On the increase are service-oriented and retail jobs, which are typicallyin the minimum-wage range. This can create housing cost burdens as well as the increased need forassistance for homeowners struggling to make expenses.Additionally, the County has been affected by the sub-prime lending crisis and increasing rates offoreclosures. As mentioned previously, housing agencies have seen a significant increase in thenumber of clients in need of foreclosure mitigation counseling. There is also a sizable increase inthe number of households that have not successfully mitigated foreclosure and are now vacant,creating a host of problems that accompany vacant or abandoned property.In terms of the trends related to waiting lists, most agencies responding to the needs survey indicatedthat waiting lists would slightly increase over the next five (5) years.Given this b asis of information and utilizing the methodolog y developed, the projec ted housingneeds for the balance of York County, not including York City, were prioritized.Priority Housing Needs Assessment by Household TypeThis section considers housing needs based on type of households. The process for developing theConsolidated Plan requires the identification of needs as related to fundable services for CDBG,HOME, ESG and HOPWA. Then the process requires the development of a strategic plan that willdemonstrate how the “priority needs” will be addressed. Pr iority needs do not always becomefunding priorities. HUD provides this basic guidance in determining priorities for funding.• High Priority - The jurisdiction plans to use funds made available for activities that addressthis need during this five (5) year period.• Medium Priority - If funds are available, activities to address this need may be funded bythe jurisdiction during this five (5) year period. The jurisdiction may take other actions tohelp this group locate other sources of funding.• Low Priority - The jurisdiction does not plan to use funds made available for activities toaddress this need during the five (5) year period.• No Such Need - The jurisdiction finds there is no need, or that the need is already adequatelyaddressed.Needs Assessment 123

Housing & Community Development PlanThe income categories are the Federal categories of income for entitlement programs administeredby the Depa rtment of Ho using and Ur ban Development (HUD), as discussed pre viously. Thefollowing is the Priority Needs Table as required by HUD, Table 2A.Table 26: Priority Housing Needs/HUD Table 2APRIORITY HOUSING NEEDS(households)PriorityNeed LevelHigh, Medium, Low U nmet Need Goals0 - 30% high 838 75Small Related31 - 50% high 1,038 5051 - 80% medium 413 250 - 30% medium 109 25Large Related31 - 50% medium 202 25Renter51 - 80% medium 174 250 - 30% high 1,195 75Elderly31 - 50% medium 1,263 5051 - 80% low 466 250 - 30% high 1,207 75All Other31 - 50% high 1,153 7551 - 80% medium 557 500 - 30% high 961 100Small Related31 - 50% high 1,452 10051 - 80% high 3,471 1000 - 30% medium 168 50Large Related31 - 50% medium 374 50Owner51 - 80% high 902 750 - 30% high 3,032 100Elderly31 - 50% medium 2,220 5051 - 80% low 1,668 250 - 30% high 964 75All Other31 - 50% high 733 7551 - 80% high 1,534 75124Needs Assessment

Housing & Community Development PlanProjected Priority Housing NeedsAs shown on Table 26, housing needs are presented by household type and by income. The greatestneed among renters are low income elderly, representing about 15% of the total unmet needs,followed by extremely low income elderly (14%) and low income “all other households” (13%).The extremely low income large related families had the lowest pr ojected need of less than onepercent,followed by low income large related families (2%).Looking at the projected needs of owners, the highest projected need is moderate income smallrelated families representing about 20% of the projected unmet needs. Extremely low income elderlyfamilies follow with 17% and low income elderlywith 13% of the projected unmet need. Not unlikethe renters, the extremely low income large related families had the lowest projected need with aboutone-percent of the total projected unmet need, followed by low income large related families withabout two-percent.Cost Burden/Severe Cost BurdenCost burden is defined as the extent to which gross housing costs, including utility costs, exceed 30%of gross income, based on data published by the Census. A severe cost burden is defined as grosshousing costs, including utility costs, exceeding 50% of gross income.The adverse effect of the high cost of housing per 2005-2007 American Community Survey data isreflected in the following table. The data is for the balanceof the County (not including York City).Table 27: Households in York County (not including York City)Experiencing a Housing Cost Burden / Severe Cost Burden, 2005-2007Type of Household% households paying >30% of incomefor housing – COST BURDEN% households paying >50% of incomefor housing – SEVERE COST BURDENAll Households 15.1% 8.0%Owner Households 14.5% 6.1%Renter Households 17.5% 15.8%Source: US Census BureauAs shown, renter households have the higher percentages of cost burden and severe cost burdened,perhaps indicating that affordable rents in the balance of the County are limited.Overcrowded HousingOvercrowding of occupied housing units is another f actor that can be used to determine housingcondition. A hous ing unit with more tha n 1.01 persons pe r room is define d as over crowded.According to the 2005-2007 American Community Survey, the number of overcrowded housingunits is shown in Table 28.Needs Assessment 125

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 28: Overcrowded Households, 2005-2007York County York City Balance of County1.01-1.5 persons/room 1,240 240 1,000>1.5 persons/room 326 194 132TOTAL OVERCROWDED 1,566 434 1,132Source: US Census BureauAs shown, a total of 1,132 housing units in t he balance of the County are overcrowded. Th isrepresents less than one percent (

Housing & Community Development PlanCaring Together provides a wide range of services, as listed:• HIV medical care at three sites• Dental care• Pharmaceutical counseling• Case management• Services of a Nurse Care Manager• Nutritional counseling• Housing support services for eligible clients• Food Bank services• Translation• Risk reduction education• Pharmaceutical coverage for clients with no other source of payment• Behavioral health services• Transportation assistance• HIV Counseling and testingCaring Together receives Ryan White Part C, Ryan White Part B, and HOPWA funds to support theprogram. Currently, Caring Together has 500 active medical clients and 350 of those clients are casemanaged. In 2008, Caring Together served 64 new medical clients.In fiscal year 2008, 94 clients received some form of housing assistance. The average subsidy forshort-term rental assistance (funds to avoid utility shut-off or eviction and to assist with securitydeposits) was $428. A small number of clients receive longer term assistance while on the waitinglist for Section 8 housing, a nd the average monthly subsidy for longer term assistance was $426.Caring Together does not own any housing units; the program works with existing housing to meetclient need. The g oal of rental assistance through Caring Together is to help clients ga in securehousing and enable them to remain engaged in medical care.Pennsylvania made HIV cases reportable in 2002 and complete data is not yet available. AIDScases, for which data is available, may not be representative of the scope of the disease, sinceimprovements in treatment have led to fewer people progressing to a diagnosis of AIDS. A diagnosisof AIDS is made once specific “AIDS indicator conditions” are present in a patient or if specifiedthresholds of immune system function (as measured by lab tests) are reached. In the absence ofthese conditions, a patient is considered “HIV positive.”That said, according to the Pennsylvania Department of Health, York County has the tenth highestpopulation of living AIDS cases as of 2006, with 368 persons in the County living with AIDS.According to the Pennsy lvania Department of H ealth’s Bureau of Epidemiolog y, the number ofliving AIDS cases in York County has risen f rom 227 ca ses in 2000 to 338 case s in 2006 – anincrease of 48.9%. AIDS average annual incidence in York County was 6.3 people per 100,000 in2003-2005 but rose by 29% to 8.1 people per 100,000 in 2004-2006. York County had the highestannual AIDS incidence in the South Central AIDS Planning Coalition in 2005, as measure by thenumber of new cases. As of December 31, 2006, a total of 619 people were reported to be livingwith HIV/AIDS in York County (251 HIV cases, 368 diagnosed with AIDS).Needs Assessment 127

Housing & Community Development PlanSummaryThis Chapter provide s a we ll rounded asse ssment of h ousing needs in the County . The ne edsidentified by public meetings, agencies that provide housing and services, the Housing Authority,and the Housing Summit were considered. The housing needs by categories affected and projectedpriority housing ne eds were presented. The following chapters consider housing needs for thehomeless and special non-homeless populations.128Needs Assessment

Chapter 6Housing Related Services to Homeless PersonsIntroductionAn important facet of this Housing and Community Development Plan is consideration of the nedsof those who are homeless. This Chapter will examine the facilities and services available to meetthe needs of the homeless. A homeless needs assessment comprises the second part of this Chapter.Analysis of Facilities and Services for the HomelessThere are a variety of facilities and services to meet the needs of the homeless population in YorkCounty. This section outlines the types of services available as well as the community agencies thatprovide the services.Emergency SheltersEmergency Shelters ar e defined as plac es which pr ovide temporary housing f or people who ar ehomeless and have no place to l ive. The shelters available in Y ork County, together with theircapacity and types of persons served, are listed below.• YWCA/ACCESS-York: Capacity for twenty-two (22) family beds, twenty-two (22) individualbeds; serves victims of domestic violence and their families.• Bell Socialization, Inc. Family Shelter, York: Capacity for eleven (11) family units, thirty-five(35) family beds, five (5) individual beds; serves families.• Hanover Council of Churche s - Changi ng Lives Shelter: Capacity for two (2) family units,eleven (11) family beds, twenty-four (24) individual beds.• YMCA of York and York County - Men’s Residence : Capacity for six (6) single males.• York Union Rescue Mission, York: Capacity for three (3) family units, twelve (12) family beds,forty-seven (47) individual beds; serves single males, single women, or women with children,alcohol abuse, and mentally ill.Domestic Violence SheltersDomestic violence shelters are defined as programs which offer emergency crises in terventionservices to any victim who seeks refuge from the trauma of domestic violence. YWCA/ACCESS-York operates one (1) emergency shelter, loca ted in York City. The Prog ram provides 24-houraccessible, safe, confidential emergency shelter at no cost to victims of domestic violence and theirchildren. Tho se who live within the shelter s rec eive sa fety planning , options and supportivecounseling and life skills advocacy. The shelter has capacity for twenty-two (22) family beds andtwenty-two (22) individual beds.Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons 129

Housing & Community Development PlanEmergency Shelter Voucher ProgramsEmergency shelter voucher programs provide vouchers for one (1) to three (3) individual shelternights in area motels/hotels for the homeless and/or victims of domestic violence. In some cases,however, the vouchers are only provided when shelter space is unavailable. The agencies providingthis service are listed below.• Community Progress Council, York• Salvation Army, York• Southern Community Services, New Freedom• York County Chapter, American Red Cross, York (Serves homeless victims of disaster; ifvictims total 15 or more, an emergency shelter facility will be opened)• York County Council of Churches, York• YWCA Safe Home Program, Hanover (Serves victims of domestic violence and their families)Transitional HousingTransitional housing is defined as programs assisting homeless individuals for as long as one (1)year; providing housing and arranging supportive services, with the goal of returning clients to themost independent life situation possible. The transitional housing programs available in York Countyare listed below.• Bell Socialization, Inc., Bridge Housing, York: Capacity for nine (9) family units, thirty-seven(37) family beds; serves families.• YWCA/ACCESS-York, Inc., Bridge Housing, York: Capacity for ten (10) family units, twentysix(26) family beds; serves domestic violence victims and their families.• YWCA/ACCESS-York, Inc., Still Waters, Hanover: Capacity for twelve (12) family beds, five(5) individual beds; serves domestic violence victims and their families.• York Union Rescue Mission, Jefferson Towers, York: Capacity for two (2) family units, twenty(20) family beds, twenty (20) individual beds; serves single women and women with children,alcohol abuse, and mentally ill.• York Union Rescue Mission, Spiritual Life, York: Capacity for thirty-five (35) individual beds;serves single adult males, alcohol abuse, and mentally ill.Permanent Housing for the HomelessPermanent housing is def ined as independent living ar rangements for an indef inite period, buttypically requires the signing of a lease for a specified period of time. Case management services areavailable to continue working with individuals on their specific problems and to help them maintainindependent living in permanent housing.• York Area Development Corporation, Dutch Kitchen, York: Capacity for 59 individuals; servessingle adults and mentally ill.130Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons

Housing & Community Development Plan• Bell Socialization Services, Inc., Penn Apartments, Philadelphia Street Apartments, King StreetApartments, Y ork Apartments: C apacity fo r t wenty-one (2 1) ind ividuals; se rves h omelessindividuals, M/H adults and mentally ill.• YMCA of York and York County, York: Capacity for one hundred-fourteen (114) individuals;serves single males, substance abusers, HIV/AIDS, mentally ill, elderly, and veterans.• York Housing Authority: The Housing Authority has 1,069 public housing units.• Turning Point Interfaith Mission: Capacity for twenty-one (21) individuals with disabilities.Support FacilitiesFacilities to assist the homeless population are located throughout York County, with the highestconcentration of ser vices located in Yor k City. The following presents the inventory of ser viceproviders dedicated to assisting the homeless in the County.Table 29: Support FacilitiesSoup Kitchens (3) Our Daily Bread, York Union Rescue Mission, Provide A Lunch (PAL) -Hanover Area Council of ChurchesStreet Feedings (3)Food Pantry Referrals (1)Food Banks (1)Food Pantries (42)Health Outreach Centers(14)Compassion York, York’s Helping Hand, Table of GraceFood Pantry Clearinghouse coordinates referrals to the majority of the foodpantries in York County.York County Food Bank (does not serve individuals, only food pantries)Angel Food Ministries (Dover/Manchester), Bethlehem Stonepile/CoventryFood Pantry,Bittersville UM Church, Catholic Harvest Food Pantry, ChristHope Community, Christ Lutheran Church (Dallastown), Christ LutheranChurch of Spry, Crispus Attucks Senior Community Center, Dover Area FoodBank, Emmanuel’s Closet, Faith Orthodox Presbyterian Church, FourthUnited Methodist Church Angel Food Ministry, God’s Meal Barrel, GraceLutheran Church, Hanover Area Council of Churches, Harvest of Hope FoodPantry Inc, Heritage International Assembly, Kreutz Creek PresbyterianChurch, Manor Baptist Church, Mason Dixon Community Services, MoravianFood Bank, Mt. Pisgah Trinity Church, New Hope Ministries(Dillsburg/Dover),Northeast Neighborhood/Christ’s Hope, Northeastern Food Pantry, Our DailyBread, PAL - Provide a Lunch - Hanover, Pine Grove Angel Food, RedCross-Hanover, Red Land Food Ministry, Red Lion Area CommunityServices, Salvation Army, Southern Community Services, St. JacobsLutheran Church, St. Matthew Lutheran Church, St. Paul Lutheran Church,St. Rose of Lima, Susquehanna Area Senior, Visiting Nurses, West EndLocal Link (WELL), York’s Helping Hand, York Rescue MissionDillsburg Family Health Center, Fairview Family Health Center, Family FirstHealth, Hanover Health Center, Hanover Hospital Health Connect,Lewisberry Health CenterHousing Related Services to Homeless Persons 131

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 29: Support FacilitiesRental and MortgageAssistance (8)These public serviceagencies in the Countyprovide rental and/ormortgage assistance to thehomeless and nearhomeless. This type ofassistance can be usedthroughout the County andmay be used to eitherprevent homelessness or toassist a household inobtaining a home to rent orown. This type ofassistance may alsoinclude emergencyassistance for utilities.Transportation (5)Health/Counseling (31)Health and counselingservices are provided bythese agencies that offer anarray of services andprograms dealing withissues ranging from hearingimpairment to drugs andalcohol abuse.American Red Cross, Greater Hanover Chapter, Community ProgressCouncil, Farm Service Agency, First Presbyterian Church New HopeMinistries, Dillsburg, Northeastern Food Pantry, St. Matthew LutheranChurch, Hanover, York County Assistance OfficeAmerican Taxi, D&L Cab Company, Capital City Cabs, Peace Cab Company,RabbittransitHealth: Dillsburg Family Health Center, Fairview Family Health Center,Family First Health, Hannah Penn Family Health Center, Hanover HealthCenter, Hanover Hospital, Health Connect, Health South RehabilitationHospital, Lewisberry Health Center, Memorial Hospital, PA Department ofHealth, York City Bureau of Health, York Health Corporation, York Hospital,York Hospital Community Health Center, York’s Helping Hands for theHomelessCounseling/Treatment: Catholic Charities, Family Services, Family-ChildResources, Inc., Jewish Family Services, York Guidance Center, YorkCounty Children and Youth ServicesMental Health: Behavioral Health Services, Bell Socialization Services,Inc., York County MH/MRMental Health/Drug and Alcohol: Adult Outpatient MH and SubstanceAbuse Services, Crisis Intervention, York and Hanover, CrossroadsCounseling, Susquehanna Counseling and Education ServicesDrug/Alcohol: Stepping Stone Counseling and Education Services, YorkCounty Drug and Alcohol ProgramEmployment (15)These County agenciesoffer a variety ofemployment and trainingprograms, as well asprovide assistance in jobplacement. These servicesassist many households inmaking the transition fromhomelessness topermanent housing.AHEDD, The ARC of York County, Area Agency on Aging, CommunityProgress Council, Crispus Attucks, HART(Hanover/ Adams Rehabilitationand Training Center), Hanover Industries for the Blind, New Choices/NewOptions Career Development Center, OVR (Office of Vocational Training),Penn Employment Services, Rural Opportunities. Inc., SPOC (Single Point ofContact), South Central Employment Corporation, TRAIN (Arbor CareerCenter), Team Pennsylvania Career Link132Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 29: Support FacilitiesChild Care (5)Adult Education (13)Specialized CaseManagement (12)These agencies providemore in-depth casemanagement geared tofinding solutions forindividual problems andoften receive referrals fromother social serviceagencies.Child Care Works Helpline, Child Care Consultants, Inc., Crispus AttucksEarly Learning Center, Head Start of York County, YWCA of York EarlyLearning CenterAdult Learning Center, Crispus Attucks, Even Start, Immigration & RefugeeServices, Job Corp, Literacy Council (Hanover & York), Rural Opportunities,Inc., SPOC ( Single Point of Contact), South Central EmploymentCorporation, York Spanish American Center, York County High School,Youthbuild Charter SchoolYWCA/ACCESS-York, Inc., AIDS Community Resource Program (HIV/AIDSRelated), Bell Socialization Services, Community Progress Council CaseManagement, Jewish Family Services, Long Term Care Community Services,Lutheran Social Services Case Management OPEN (Ordinary PeopleExtraordinary Needs)-HIV/AIDS Related, Turning Point Interfaith Mission,York/Adams Drug and Alcohol Program, York/Hanover MH/MR CaseManagement, York Health Corporation (HIV/AIDS Related)There are also agencies that provide a multitude of services for the homeless and near homeless.Services may include counseling, emergency shelter employment, case management, emergencyutility assistance, educational programs, health, and other supportive services that are necessary tomove clients toward self-sufficiency and permanent housing.Services PlannedMany of the agencies included in the above categories offer their services at more than one locationin an attempt to rea ch more individuals and famil ies throughout the County. Thus, the numbersindicated above do not reflect the actual number of service sites that exist.How Homeless Persons Access Services and Receive AssistanceAccessing the appropriate supportive services is critical to moving people from homelessness totransitional and permanent housing and onto independent living. The agency staff and case managerswho c ome in c ontact in itially wi th t he ho meless r efer them to the se va rious se rvices. Th eirknowledge of what is available in the c ommunity comes from communication between provideragencies and also from FIRST from United Way of York County, York County’s Free Informationand Referral Service.FIRST maintains a database of all the non-profit agencies, human services providers, governmentalprograms, clubs, organizations and support groups that serve York County. Agency personnel cancall the FIRST help line for a referral for their clients (local and toll-tree numbers available) or theycan have the client call FIRST directly. FIRST’s help line services are available twenty-four (24)hours a day and are totally free and confidential. Another resource available to agency staff fromFIRST is the annua l printed Direc tory of Community Services & Organizations. The dire ctorycontains all the information in the FIRST database plus additional indexes to assist with searching.Agency staff c an h ave pr ogram in formation ( address, ph one, h ours, e ligibility, e tc.) a t th eirHousing Related Services to Homeless Persons 133

Housing & Community Development Planfingertips. Most agencies purchase Directories each year and use them extensively to make referralsto supportive services and support groups. FIRST also maintains a web-site at www.1st.org.Despite having a variety of supportive services to refer individuals, agencies and case managersreport that it is difficult to conduct follow-up on each case. This is primarily due to an overload ofcases. The demand for services is high and the demands on emergency shelter staff to do intake,assessment, re ferral, a nd ma nage da y-to-day op erations pr ecludes t hem f rom do ing a dequatefollow-up. That coupled with clients who either do not make or keep follow-up appointments andthe transient nature of clients prevents many from moving toward independent living. The County,however, continually strives to strengthen its outreach programs to homeless individuals and familiesin an effort to provide the necessary services to improve living conditions.Supportive ServicesYork County system has an extensive number of supportive services in place. While a number ofprograms serve all segments of the needy, there are specific supportive services for the homeless thatare essential to the long term success of the homeless population and provide needed supplementalservices to the emergency and transitional shelter programs. The list below delineates both of thoseservices. The coordination and collaboration of these service providers are well defined and haveallowed for smooth transition for the homeless from shelters into permanent housing and s elfsufficiency.The best use of resources is to identify those organizations that provide the best servicesrather than encourage everyone to do everything. The shelters can focus on providing the emergencyshelter and other related needs, and can call on a network of other service providers to act on thosespecialized services needed. The delivery of specific services is as follows:Case ManagementCommunity Progress Council Case Ma nagement provides homeless ca se management servicesthrough funding from the Homeless Assistance Program (HAP) and Community Development BlockGrant (CDBG) Program. Referrals are made to Community Progress Council Case Management forthe provision of long-term case management and follow through assistance through the system. Thisassures the homeless population that the services needed can be accessed and additional resourcescan be provided as needed for homeless households to acquire and maintain permanent housing.The specific non-facility based pr ograms that provide ongoing case management to householdsinclude:• AIDS Community Resource Program• Community Progress Council Case Management – Homeless & Low Income• Bell Bridge Housing Program - Homeless• Jewish Family Services• Lutheran Social Services• Ordinary People Extraordinary Needs134Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons

Housing & Community Development Plan• Philhaven Family Based Services• Turning Point Interfaith Mission- Homeless• York Adams Mental Health/Mental RetardationLife SkillsEach of the e mergency shelters and transitional facilities provide life skills prog rams on site forresidents. The cooperation among shelters allows for the sharing of resources and avoids duplicationof services. The specific life skills p rograms currently provided include but are not limited toinformation on legal rights, safety and budgeting, parenting, mental health, drug and alcohol training,tenant’s rights, and responsibilities, skills to maintain housing and health issues. Other life skillsproviders include:• Penn State Extension• Community Progress Council Case Management – homeless and low income• Salvation Army• Consumer Credit CounselingDrug and Alcohol TreatmentYork/Adams Drug and Alcohol program is the main provider of resources and services for treatment.Persons in need of treatment are referred to the program, they conduct an assessment and approveservices for the individual and then access the appropriate programs for the individual. Programsavailable range from 30-day treatment programs, outpatient programs to long er-term intensiveprograms. Recovery facilities are available for sing le adults afte r treatment has been received.Supportive services are available through individual referrals to local agencies.Mental Health TreatmentYork/Adams Mental Health and Mental Retardation is the main provider of mental health services.When a ca se manager accesses the nee d of a home less individual for mental hea lth services, areferral is made to MH/MR. An appointment is made for an assessment to determine the degree ofmental illness and the necessary services. Once an individual is assessed in need of services, he orshe is assigned to a mental health case manager who then develops a treatment plan for him or herand refers to the nece ssary medical a nd counseling providers. O ther menta l health trea tmentproviders include:• Bell Socialization Services• Behavioral Health Services• Crisis Intervention• Crossroads Counseling• Susquehanna Counseling• Adams/Hanover Counseling ServicesHousing Related Services to Homeless Persons 135

Housing & Community Development PlanHIV/AIDS-Related Treatment and ServicesIn York County the primary provider of HIV related services is Caring Together. Caring Togetheris a collaboration of WellSpan, York Health Corporation (YHC), and OPEN (Ordinary PeopleExtraordinary Needs). These three agencies are providing HIV services to the community , andcombining se rvices and re sources to c reate a se amless s ystem of c are fo r p ersons li ving wi thHIV/AIDS in York County. When a homeless individual is identified that person can be referred toCaring Together through the Nurse Care Manager who is the primarypoint of contact. They will thenbe assigned to a medical care and case manager based on their individual nee ds. Caring togetherencompasses HIV specialists, nurses, social worke rs and c ase managers to ensur e their g oal ofproviding a high quality of services to person infected with HIV.In addition to Caring T ogether there is a multit ude of a gencies offe ring fre e conf idential orAnonymous HIV Testing and counseling, these include Planned Parenthood of Central PA, AtkinsHouse, and the City and State Health Departments. The HOPE initiative of Planned Parenthood ofCentral PA offers peer training programs for teens that wish to be HIV educators, as well as HIVrelated education and training. Atkins House offers transitional housing to female offenders who areinfected with HIV and newly released from prison as well as also providing HIV education to thecommunity.EducationThere are several programs available for adults looking to continue their educational training. Belowis a listing of the most common referrals for continuing education.• Even Start• Literacy Council• Crispus Attucks Employment and Training• Red Land Community Center• York County High School• Single Point of Contact (SPOC)• Adult Learning Center, LIU #12• Gabriel Project• Moms and Mentors, YWCA• Job Corp• Manito Academy• South Central Employment Corporation• Youth Build Charter School136Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons

Housing & Community Development PlanChild CareChildcare needs are referred to Child Care Consultants. A referral is made to Child Care Consultants,which dete rmines income e ligibility, provides s ubsidies and a ssists t he fa milies with findingadequate and appropriate childcare.TransportationRabbittransit is the major provider of transportation in York County. For persons on M edicalAssistance, tra nsportation is available to obtain ne cessary health ca re. The re a re a lso four (4)citywide taxi services ope rating in York County , American Taxi, Capital Cit y Cabs, D& L CabCompany and Peace Cab Company.Other Support Services for the HomelessIn addition to the variety of services outlined above, there are other still others in place to providecomprehensive services to the homeless. A brief description of each follows.• York County Children and Youth Services Department – case management services for abusedand neglected children and family support services• York County Area Agency on Aging – supportive services for the elderly and disabled• York Adams Mental Health/Mental Retardation - provides case management, medication, andother services for those with mental health issues or mental retardation .• York County Assistance Office – cash assistance, food stamps and medical assistance and otherbenefits available through the PA Department of Public Welfare• York Helping Hands for the Homeless – street feedings and referrals• Compassion York – street feedings• Our Daily Bread – congregate meals to homeless and low income persons• Food Pantry Clearinghouse – provides referrals for all basic needsHomeless Needs AssessmentHomeless providers and planning groups provide essential resources to homeless individuals andfamilies in York County. Homeless providers and accompanying financial resources are utilized totheir p otential f or t he p urpose o f m eeting t he n eeds o f Y ork County’s h omeless p opulation. Inadvance of identifying the needs of the County’s sheltered and unsheltered homeless population, alist of the various homeless planning groups and programs are identified.Central-Harrisburg (CH) Region Continuum of Care (CoC)In 1997, Pennsylvania began a concerted effort to address the issue of homelessness in the state. Two(2) state agencies, the Department of Community and Economic Development (DCED) and theDepartment of Public Welfare (DPW) recognized the housing and service needs of the homeless andjointly coordinated four (4) regional continuums of care across the state.Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons 137

Housing & Community Development PlanThe process began with the formation of the State Steering Committee, which has representationfrom the key state agencies involved with homeless issues including : DCED; the Depa rtment ofPublic Welfare’s Office of Social Programs and Office of Mental Health and Substance AbuseServices, the Pennsy lvania Housing Financ e Agency (PHFA ), the De partment of Mi litary andVeterans Affairs, PA Rural Development Council and the PA Department of Health, Division ofHIV/Aids. Four (4) separate regional Continuums of Care were formed: Southwest, Northwest,Central-Harrisburg and Northeast.The regional continuums are led by the four (4) Regional Homeless Advisory Boards (RHABs). TheSteering Committee includes the chairpersons from each of the RHABs. One additional state agencyrepresentative from the Steering Committee serves as liaison to ea ch of the RHABs to provideinformation, support and technical assistance as needed. The Steering Committee meets throughoutthe year to car ry out the roles in the Continu um of Care (CoC) process. Ove rall, this effor t hasresulted in over $80 million being brought into rural Pennsylvania for housing and services for thehomeless through the HUD McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Programs from 1997 to 2008.In previous years, York County, in coordination with the City of York, the York County HumanServices Department, Emergency Food and Shelter Advisory Committee (EFSAC), and emergencyshelter providers, developed its’ own York County Continuum of Care (CoC) Strategy. This localstrategy aimed to help low/moderate income persons/families avoid homelessness, to reach out tohomeless people, to address the emergency shelter needs of homeless persons/families, and to helphomeless persons/families make the transition to permanent housing. The Strategy also addressedadditional emergency shelters, transitional housing, permanent housing, and supportive services thatare available in the County and City to assist the homeless, as w ell as revising the Nee ds/Gapsanalysis. However, due to a lack of HUD McKinney-Vento funding through the CoC process forlocal provide rs, the County joined the re gional eff ort of the C entral-Harrisburg (CH) Reg ionContinuum of Care (CoC) Strateg y; also known as the Al toona/Central Pennsylvania CoC. Theregional strateg y coord inates public, private , and non-pr ofit provided supportive se rvices forhomeless individuals and families, to maximize the use and effectiveness of financial resources.York County joined the CH Reg ion C oC in 2005 and now actively participa tes in theCentral-Harrisburg Regional Homeless Advisory Board (RHAB), which plays the central role inplanning and implementing the regional CoC strategy, which is derived from the Pennsylvania 10-Year Plan to End Homelessness. Its specific roles include the formulation and monitoring the goalsand action steps, the identification and a nalysis of u nmet needs, the deter mination of reg ionalpriorities, and review and ranking of all regional projects submitted under the CoC applicationprocess. Specifically, the Housing and Community Development Division o f the York CountyPlanning Commission (YCPC) plays a vital role in the CoC planni ng process on both a local andregional level. The Community Development Coordinator for the YCPC was appointed Co-Chairof the Central-Harrisburg RHAB. In addition, the YCPC became the lead agency for the organizationand implementation of the York County Point-In-Time Survey of the Unsheltered Homeless that waslast conducted in January of 2009.York County receives approximately $800,000 annually in McKinney-Vento Homeless AssistanceGrants since it joined the reg ional CoC effort in 2005. Those grants are utilized to assist York138Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons

Housing & Community Development PlanCounty’s homeless through the Supportive Housing, Shelter Plus Care and Section 8 ModerateRehabilitation Single Room Occupancy (SRO) Programs.York County Planning Commission/Housing and Community Development Division (YCPC)As the Housing and Community Development administrative agent for York County, YCPC staffhandles SuperNOFA, Emergency Shelter Gra nt (ESG), Community Development Block G rant(CDBG), Weatherization, and HOME Investment Partnership funds. YCPC also consults with theYork County Human Servic es Department staff to assess funding nee ds and priorities and thecoordination of efforts. YCPC utilizes the EFSAC to review, advise and recommend (via formalvoting process) its recommendations regarding information for applications and for ESG fundingdecisions. Furthermore, the YCPC plays a vital role for York County in the Regional CoC processnoted in Part A.York County Human Services Department (YC HSD)The York County Human Services Department functions as a coordinating body with regard tomultiple issues surrounding the delivery of human services throughout York County. The YCHSD,which serves as an administrative unit for state grant funds as well as categorical human servicesagencies within the county, receives direct assignments from the County Commissioners, as well assupervises va rious human servic e pr ograms and pr omotes the opportunity for integ ration andcoordination of services. YCHSD is active in the community with its interactions with the judicialsystem, the United Way and other governmental programs and private agencies. The YCHSDcontributes to program design and delivery of services. The YCHSD provides oversight t o t hefollowing County human service programs: Area Agency on Aging, Children and Youth Services,Human Services Department, York/Adams Mental Health-Mental Retardation/Drug and Alcohol/Health Choices Programs, and Veterans’ Affairs.The York County Human Services Department Commission i s also integ ral to the wor k of theYCHSD. The Commission is structured to represent the County both with a wide variety of interestsin the community and g eographically. The Commission provides guid ance to the YCHSD oncommunity issues and concerns.Homeless Assistance Program (HAP) and Providers GroupThe provider agencies under contract with the YCHSD meet to discuss service s and needs of thehomeless. Topics most commonly discussed include c ollaboration, coor dination, resourc eidentification and gaps in service. The following are the providers under contract with the YCHSDfor the delivery of State-funded services through HAP.• Emergency Shelter Services - YWCA/ACCESS-York, Inc. serves victims of domestic violence,Bell Socialization Services, Inc. serves homeless individuals and families, and the CommunityProgress Council Case Management Unit provides individual shelter night services for those whoneed very short term service when shelters are filled to capacity.• Bridge Housing Services - YWCA/ACCESS-York, Inc. provides this transitional housing servicefor abuse victims with specialized support services for adults and children. Bell SocializationServices, Inc. provides a supportive tra nsitional housing prog ram for those who m ove fromshelter or are referred by community agencies.Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons 139

Housing & Community Development Plan• Rental Assistance Services - Provided by the Community Progress Council (CPC).• Case Management Services - Community Progress Council (CPC) Homeless Case ManagementProgram provides the Individual Shelter Nights (ISN) , in conjunction with case managementservices out of its York City office, community centers throughout York County and multipleother sites (with home visits as needed).Emergency Food and Shelter Program (EFSP)The EFSP (formerly FEMA) was established in 1983 to supplement the work of local social serviceagencies, both nonprofit and governmental, to assist with economic emergencies, not related todisasters. The funding is available to all organizations that serve homeless and/or hungry individuals.EFSP funds must supplement feeding, shelter and rent/mortgage and utility assistance efforts only.The EFSP is governed by a national board that selects jurisdictions for funding. Within thosejurisdictions, local boards a re convened to de termine highest needs and to sele ct local re cipientorganizations that will provide emergency food and shelter services. In York County, Pennsylvania,the United Way of York County convenes a local board. The local EFSP board works collaborativelywith other funders to ensure that EFSP funds are used to provide services to hungry and homelesspeople, some of whom may not be eligible for services under other programs.Emergency Food and Shelter Advisory Committee (EFSAC)The Emergency Food and Shelter Advisory Committee (EFSAC) was established in the early 1980'sto coordinate resources to address homelessness. Over the years, committee membership has evolvedand now includes representation from community provider agencies, faith-based organizations, theUnited Way, government entities (Federal, State and City) and interested citizens. The EFSAC is oneof several community-based groups that are a part of the Human Services Department. The EFSACdetermines the most appropriate use of funds for the basic needs services and other services relatedto those who are homeless. I n addition, the EF SAC reviews the de livery of ser vices, promotescollaboration and linkages, reviews accessibility of services by all citizens and special-needs groups,identifies servic e gaps and a ddresses unmet community needs. The EFSAC also ser ves in anadvisory capacity to the County Commissioners regarding the coordination of all homeless-relatedservices and funding and the recommendations of policy.Homeless Management and Information Systems (HMIS)York County continues to implement a county -wide Homeless Management Information System(HMIS) that is administered by the York County Human Services Department via a McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Grant through the Continuum of Care application process. Currently,seven (7) agencies and eighteen (18) programs are entering client data on HMIS. Four (4) of thoseagencies are HUD funded through the Continuum of Care.Homeless Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing Program (HPRP)The Housing and Community Development Division of the York County Planning Commission(YCPC) completed a substantial amendment to the 2008 York County Annual Action Plan for theHomeless Prevention and Rapid Re-housing Program (HPRP). York County is eligible to receive$1,074,741 in HPRP funds under Title XI I of Division A of the Ame rican Recove ry andReinvestment Act of 2009 ( ARRA). HPRP funds will be administered by the YCPC and will beutilized to provide financial assistance and services to either prevent individuals and families from140Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons

Housing & Community Development Planbecoming homeless or assist those who are experiencing homelessness to be quickly re-housed andstabilized. Once approved, it is anticipated that HPRP funds will be available to the County onSeptember 1, 2009 and must be expended by September 30, 2012. In addition, the County submittedan application to the PA Department of Community and Ec onomic Development (DCED) foradditional HPRP funds in the amount of $308,505. DCED is administering and awarding federalHPRP funds under a formula allocation process titled County Housing Partnerships.YCPC staff has been coordinating efforts with the York County Human Services Department,Housing Authority of York, United Way, City of York, Criminal Justice Advisory Board, and YorkHealth Choices, to review the County’s programs, providers and resources targeted to the County’shomeless and near homeless population. Based on this review and gaps analysis, the County set fortha list of proposed projects and appropriate providers that will utilize HPRP and DCED/HPRP fundsfor the p urpose of a ssisting homeless individuals and families, and, in a ddition, help preventindividuals and families from becoming homeless. This coordinated effort will help streamline theselection of eligible subgrantees that will have an immediate impact to those that are assisted withthese funds.Needs of Sheltered and Unsheltered HomelessThis section discusses the York County Point-In-Time Survey and the Housing Summit and howboth are important to identifying the needs of sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons.York County Point-In-Time SurveyA c ount a nd su rvey of sh eltered a nd un sheltered h omelessindividuals a nd fa milies, c onducted by the Yo rk Cou ntyHuman Se rvices D epartment, wa s h eld We dnesday night,February 4, 2009. York County , as a me mber of the CentralHarrisburg Region Continuum of Care, is mandated by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) toconduct a sheltere d count and surve y ever y year and a nunsheltered count and surve y every two (2 ) years. The Yor kCounty Planning Commission is the lead a gency in planningand implementing the unsheltered count while the York CountyHuman Services Department administers the sheltered survey.Figure 27: Point in Time VolunteersThe analysis of the point-in-time survey helps prioritize needs and determine gaps at the local level.Based on the final results of the 2009 survey and the amount of transition and permanent supportivehousing programs/beds available in the County that are designated for chronically ho melessindividuals, it was determined by the RHAB, which is comprised of 22 counties, that York Countyis one of three counties within the Central-Harrisburg Region CoC that has the greatest need for apermanent supportive housing project that would serve 100% chronically homeless. As a result ofthis determination, county providers and agencies will be encouraged to construct and apply for suchprojects in the future, a nd, in ad dition, designate existing beds for the c hronically homeless. Achronically homeless person is an unaccompanied homeless individual with a disabling conditionwho has either been continuously homeless for a year or more OR has had at least four (4) episodesHousing Related Services to Homeless Persons 141

Housing & Community Development Planof homelessness in the past three (3) years. Disabling condition is defined as a diagnosable substanceuse disorder, serious mental illness, developmental disability, or chronic physical illness or disability,including the co-occurrence of two or more of these conditions. To be considered chronicallyhomeless, persons must have been sleeping in a place not meant for human habitation (e.g., livingon the streets) or in an emergency homeless shelter during that time. The results of the 2009 YorkCounty Point-In-Time Survey are displayed in the CoC: Homeless Population and SubpopulationsChart located on the following pages.York County Housing SummitThe York County Housing Summit, which was held on March 5, 2009, attracted over 150 personsrepresenting a wide range of housing professionals, community services providers, elected officials,non-profit organizations, faith-based groups and the private sector. Financed in part by a grant fromthe Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Community and Economic Development, theSummit’s objectives were to increase awareness of housing needs and opportunities, to develop aframework for an active and viable City-County Housing Advisory Commission and to motivateparticipants to become engaged and involved.At the Housing Summi t, participants w ere provided asummary of the infor mation collected dur ing housingworkgroups conducted in the fall of 2008. Coordinated bythe York County Planning Commission and the HealthyYork County Coalition Housing Task Force and using theservices of a professional fa cilitator, focus groups wereheld f or se ven ( 7) top ic a reas a s follows: A ffordableHousing, Homelessness, Housing for Special Needs, FairHousing, Hou sing Reha bilitation and Revitaliz ation,Planning for Growth, and Infrastructure. As a result of thefacilitated d iscussions, a b aseline o f in formation wasprovided f or t he H ousing S ummit. B uilding o n t hat,Housing Summit participants were invited to participate in six (6) breakout sessions on the followingtopics: Affordable Housing, Homelessness, Housing for Special Needs and Fair Housing, HousingRehabilitation and Revitalization, and Pl anning for Gr owth/Infrastructure. T he housing ne edsgenerated from the Homelessness breakout are as follows:• Effective discharge planning from the Prison, Health Care and Foster Care Systems resulting inrapid re-housing and service continuity• Transitional housing services for youth aging out of foster care• Development of a Local/County Homeless Planning Group• Community education, awareness and outreach• Homeless prevention services - rental and utility assistanceFigure 28: York County Housing Summit• Coordination between homeless providers, housing and service agencies• Programs/Shelters for Women, persons with Severe Mental Illness (SMI), and ChronicallyHomeless individuals and families142Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons

Housing & Community Development PlanNeeds of SubpopulationsThe Gaps Analysis Chart lists the supportive service needs of all homeless persons. According tothe Chart, it is clearly evident that most homeless persons, regardless of whether they are individualsor persons in families with children, havea need for a multitude of supportive services. In particular,homeless persons that fall into one of the subpopulations categories typically have a greater need forservices. Such clients often need to be referred to other social service agencies in order to receiveproper care. It is imperative that case management services for shelter clients be increased, preferablyby providing an on site ca se manager who aggressively follows up clients dischar ged from theshelters.Needs of Persons Threatened with HomelessnessFamilies and individuals facing potential homelessness frequently are in that position due to the lossof their usual home by eviction, mortgage foreclosure, or disaster, such as fire or flood. Familiesfacing eviction due to non-payment of rent or other lease violations, or facing foreclosure due tonon-payment of mortg age may be aide d by services provided by the Rental Assistance Programthrough Community Progress Council, Inc., the York County Assistance Office, and/or the SalvationArmy. T hese a gencies a ttempt t o s ecure e mergency r ental o r m ortgage a ssistance t o f orestalleviction/foreclosure for economic reasons. Unfortunately, economic assistance is usually not the soleproblem facing these families. Often Case Management for other, non-housing related problems, isrecommended for those participating in these programsDisaster victims are aided primarily by the American Red Cross which assists with financial aid foremergency housing, food, and other personal needs, regardless of an individuals or families income.The Red Cross a lso ma kes so cial se rvice re ferrals a s a ppropriate to e nsure fo llow-up c asemanagement.Overall, due to the curent economic situation and housing crisis, more individuals and families arebeing forced into homelessness thus creating a new dynamic in York County’s homeless population.Efforts and new funding streams (HPRP) are being directed to prevent homelessness through theexpansion or creation of new programs (i.e., rental assistance, utility payment assistance, rapid rehousing).The long-term viability of these programs could also be assisted by actions on the federallevel to re authorize HUD’s McKi nney-Vento Homeless Assistance Programs. Proposals in theHEARTH Ac t w ould h elp e xpand a nd c ontinue ho melessness prevention e fforts a fter A RRAPrograms and their respective funds have been totally exhausted.Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons 143

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 30: Continuum of Care: Housing Gaps Analysis Chart(HUD Table 1A)CurrentInventory in2009UnderDevelopmentin 2009UnmetNeed/GapIndividualsEmergency Shelter 104 0 0BedsTransitional Housing 61 0 4Permanent Supportive Housing 219 15 22Total 384 15 26Persons in Families with ChildrenEmergency Shelter 80 0 0BedsTransitional Housing 94 0 0Permanent Supportive Housing 3 0 14Total 177 0 14Table 31: Continuum of Care: Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Chart(HUD Table 1A)ShelteredPart 1: Homeless PopulationEmergency Transitional Unsheltered Total1. Homeless Individuals 75 36 11 1222. Homeless Families with Children 18 22 0 402a. Persons in Homeless Families withChildren57 71 0 128Total (lines 1+ 2a) 132 107 11 250Part 2: Homeless Subpopulations Sheltered Unsheltered Total1. Chronically Homeless 26 9 352. Severely Mentally Ill 123. Chronic Substance Abuse 444. Veterans 175. Persons with HIV/AIDS 16. Victims of Domestic Violence 467. Youth (under 18 years of age) 5Form HUD 40076 CoC-I Page 1144Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 32: Fundamental Components in a CoC System - Housing Inventory ChartEMERGENCY SHELTERTargetPopulation2009 Year-RoundUnits/Beds2009 All BedsProvider Name Facility Name HMISGeo CodeABFamilyUnitsFamilyBedsIndividualBedsYear-RoundSeasonalOverflow/voucherCurrent InventoryYWCA/Access-York, Inc.Bell SocializationServices, Inc.EmergencyShelterBell FamilyShelterN/A 429133 M DV 0 22 22 P-4/05 M 11 35 5 CommunityProgress Council-Case ManagementEmergencyHousing N M n/a n/a n/a YWCA of Hanover Safe Home N M DV n/a n/a n/a YMCA of York andYork Co.Hanover Council ofChurchesYork Union RescueMissionMen’sResidenceChanging LivesShelterSenior CareProgramP-4/05 SM 0 0 6 P-4/05 M 2 11 24 P-4/05 SM 0 0 11 York Union RescueMissionTransient Shelter P-4/05 SM 0 0 28 York Union RescueMissionWomen &Children ESP-4/05 M 3 12 8 York’s Helping Handfor the HomelessTemporaryLodgingVouchersP-4/08 M n/a n/a n/a SUBTOTAL 16 80 104Under Developmentn/aSUBTOTAL n/a n/a n/aHousing Related Services to Homeless Persons 145

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 32: Fundamental Components in a CoC System - Housing Inventory ChartTRANSITIONAL HOUSINGTargetPopulation2009 Year-RoundUnits/Beds2009 All BedsProvider Name Facility Name HMISCurrent InventoryYWCA/Access-York, Inc.YWCA/Access-York, Inc.Bell SocializationServices, Inc.York Union RescueMissionYork Union RescueMissionUnder Developmentn/aBridge HousingStill WatersBridge HousingJeffersonTowersSpiritual LifePERMANENT SUPPORTIVE HOUSINGGeo CodeABFamilyUnitsFamilyBedsIndividualBedsTotalBedsN/A 429133 M DV 10 25 1 26N/A M DV 0 12 5 17P-4/05 FC 9 37 0 37P-4/05 M 2 20 20 40P-4/05 SM 0 0 35 35SUBTOTAL 21 94 61 155SUBTOTAL n/a n/a n/a n/aSeasonalOverflow/voucherProvider Name Facility Name HMIS GeoCodeCurrent InventoryYADCDutch KitchenN 429133 SM FTargetPopulationA B FamilyUnits2009 Year-RoundUnits/BedsFamilyBedsIndividualBedsTotalBeds0 0 59 592009 All BedsSeasonalOverflow/voucherBell SocializationServices, Inc.YMCA of York andYork CountyTurning PointInterfaith MissionTurning PointInterfaith MissionYork Apts &King St. AptsMen’sResidenceApts for Personswith disabilitiesHousingProgramP-4/05SMF0 0 21 21P-4/05 SM 0 0 114 114P-4/05 M 1 3 18 21P-4/05 0 0 7 7SUBTOTAL 1 3 219 222Under DevelopmentYork HousingAuthorityYork Shelter +Care15 15SUBTOTAL n/a n/a 15 15146Housing Related Services to Homeless Persons

Chapter 7Housing Related Services for Non-Homeless PersonsIntroductionPrevious chapters have examined the housing needs of many segments of the population. T hisChapter will focus on the housing and service needs of the special non homeless persons. Like theprevious Chapter , this Chapter begins with an analysis of facilities that provide housing to thisspecial population. The second part of this chapter considers the housing needs.Special Needs Non-Homeless PersonsSpecial needs non-homeless persons include those who are elderly, frail elderly, have severe mentalillness (SMI), developmentally disabled, physically disabled, addicted to alcohol, or other drugs,and/or have HIV/AIDS. A disabled household is defined as follows:A disabled household is composed of one (1) or more persons, at least one (1) of whom is at least18 years of age and has a disability. A person is considered to have a disability if the person isdetermined to have a physical, mental, or emotional impairment that:• Is expected to be of long, continued, and indefinite duration;• Substantially impedes the ability to live independently; and• Is of such a nature that the ability to live independently could be improved by aving a moresuitable housing condition.A person is also considered to have a disability if developmentally disabled, or if he/she is asurviving member of any previously qualified disabled household.Analysis of Facilities to House Special Non-Homeless PersonsFor purposes of this document, facilities to house special non-homeless persons are ones that providesupportive services in conjunction with housing. T his type of housing is known as supportivehousing and is defined as “housing with a supportive environme nt, including inter mediate carefacilities, group homes, single room occupancy (SRO) housing, and other housing that includes aplanned services component.” Housing for various special non-homeless populations tend to beprovided through many local providers, however, the referrals and arrangements are often made bylocal government programs, such as York/Adams Mental Health, York/Adams Mental Retardation,York/Adams Drug & Alcohol, and York Area Agency on Aging. Each department’s programs andproviders are listed below.Housing Related Services to Non-Homeless Persons 147

Housing & Community Development PlanYork/Adams Mental Health ProgramThe County’s Mental Health Program provides programs related to transitional residential services,community residential services, County Hospital Integration Project Program (CHIPP). Programdescriptions and service providers are outlined in this section of the Plan.Transitional Residential Services is a program to assist those “aging out” of the child populationsto transition to the adult mental health system. It provides supportive and treatment-based mentalhealth se rvices w hile he lping the ind ividual c onnect with t he so cial su pports t hey ne ed tosuccessfully integrate with their communities as adults.Community Residential Services provide supportive, homelike living arrangements for mentally illpersons who cannot live independently in the community. The residential programs encourage andassist the striving for independent living. A range of services is available in apartment, group, andhost settings.Community Hospital Integration Project Program (CHIPP) provides comprehensive communityservices to individuals who have been state hospital residents or are at risk of hospitalization. Theservices include supported housing, social rehabilitation and psychiatric outpatient services.Service ProvidersYork/Adams Mental Health Program uses specific providers to administer the services listed above.Currently, those providers offer 191+ beds for mental health residential care. The services providerand caring capacity are as follows:• Keystone – 8 beds• Community Services – 8 beds• Bell Socialization Services – 100+ beds• Adams/Hanover Counseling Services – 75+ bedsYork/Adams Mental Retardation ProgramThe County’s Mental Retar dation Program provides programs related to community residentialservices and hom e-based re sidential service s. Progr am desc riptions and service providers a reoutlined in this section of the Plan.Community Residential sites provide care, rehabilitation, housing, social and personal developmentto persons with mental retardation in community based facilities that are licensed or approved by theDepartment of Public Welfare. Community Residential Services are intended for consumers who arecapable of benefitting from social and personal development away from their own homes or families.Home Based Residential services provide in-home rehabilitation support to individuals. Servicesare provided within their home atmosphere.148Housing Related Services to Non-Homeless Persons

Housing & Community Development PlanService ProvidersYork/Adams Mental Retardation Program uses specific providers to administer the services listedabove. Currently, those providers offer 352 beds for mental retardation residential care. The serviceprovider and caring capacity are as follows:• Bell Socialization Services – 47 beds• Community Services – 40 beds• Jessica and Friends – 10 beds• Shadowfax Corporation – 107 beds• Penn Mar Organization – 73 beds• Typical Life Corporation – 27 beds• Skills – 44 beds• Sparrow Enterprise – 3 beds• Tomestead – 1 bedYork/Adams Drug and Alcohol ProgramThe County’s Drug and Alcoho l Program provides programs related to residential rehabilitationservices. A Program description and service providers are outlined in this section of the Plan.Residential Rehabilitation includes short-ter m r ehabilitation cente rs, re sidential partialhospitalization, or thera peutic communities. The ser vices cover the full rang e of tre atment andsupportive services provided to the client who resides at the facility on a 24-hourbasis. Non-licensedfacilities, including halfwa y houses, ar e n ot included in this list ing. A s they are not licensedproviders, the quality of their housing and treatment cannot be identified.Service ProvidersYork/Adams Drug and Alcohol Program uses specific providers to administer the services listedabove. Currently, those providers offer 84 beds for drug and alcohol residential care. The serviceprovider and caring capacity are as follows:• Clarity Way (Hanover) – 4 detox beds, 11 rehabilitation beds• Colonial House – 45 beds (no specification for detox/rehabilitation)• White Deer Run of York – 7 detox beds, 17 rehabilitation bedsPersonal Care/Nursing HomesPersonal care homes provide supportive housing for elderly, frail elderly, physically disabled, andmentally disabled persons. There are currently 28 licensed personal care homes located throughoutthe County, which have the ca pacity to acc ommodate 1,882 per sons. These facilities providepersonal care rooms and/or independent living apartments. Staff looks after the well-being of theresidents but do not provide strict supervision or limit the freedom to come and go. Some PersonalHousing Related Services to Non-Homeless Persons 149

Housing & Community Development PlanCare Boarding Homes offer activities and programming to the residents, and most will arrange fortransportation to medical appointments.Domiciliary Care HomesDomiciliary c are h omes a lso p rovide s upportive h ousing f or e lderly, f rail e lderly, p hysicallydisabled, and mentally disabled persons; however, capacity is limited to three (3) persons, in additionto the family occupying the home. There are currently 6 registered domiciliary care homes in YorkCounty, w hich h ouse a tot al of 18 persons. Th e Do miciliary Ca re (D om C are) P rogram is asupervised living arrangement in private homes for disable d adults and frail elderly persons whoneed daily supervision and a ssistance with per sonal care. Placements occur only through YorkCounty Area Agency on Aging. A Pre-admission Assessment is conducted to determine eligibilityfor Dom Care placement. Residents in these homes live as part of a family unit and participate to theextent they desire in family or outside activities. There is limited availability for this program andconsumers are matched with providers and visit the home before relocating there.Other FacilitiesIn addition to the supportive housing r esources listed above, there are numerous rental housingprojects in the County which have ADA equipped/accessible apartments, as well as units which caneasily be adapted, for the physically disabled and hearing/vision impaired; but no on-site supportiveservices are provided. Although some of these rental housing projects, such as public housing andSection 202/236 funded proje cts, have a re sident social servic e coordinator on site, servic es aretypically limited to g eneral information/referrals and, at times, ba sic transportation t o s erviceagencies. Thus, these projects have not been specifically included as supportive housing for specialneeds persons.Analysis of Services Available to Special Non-Homeless PersonsThe York County Human Services Department supports public access and awareness of services byproviding funding of a County -wide I nformation and Refe rral service , called F IRST – FreeInformation and Referral Service Teleline. This service is administered by and receives funds fromthe United Way of York County. FIRST publishes a yearly directory that contains descriptions andcontact i nformation o n a gencies, o rganizations, s upport a nd c ivic g roups s erving Y ork C ounty.FIRST can be contacted at 755-1000, at 1-800-673-2529 or at first@unitedway-york.org. The FIRSTdirectory can be accessed digitally at www.1st.org.County Human Services also funds a Case Management service. Staff of the Community ProgressCouncil Case Management maintain information and a variety of services, and can assist residentsin locating services that meet their needs. Case Management staff can be reached at 845-7176, or at1-800-892-5441.The York/Adams Mental Health-Mental Retardation program serves individuals with special needs.York staff can be contacted at 771-9618 and Hanover staff at 632-8040. Contact either office fordetailed information, or access that information online at www.ychsd.org.150Housing Related Services to Non-Homeless Persons

Housing & Community Development PlanNeeds of Special Non-Homeless PersonsThis part will outline the needs of the special non-homeless persons. Supportive housing, services,and the human services assessment are presented.Supportive HousingAs stated above, supportive housing is defined as housing with a supportive environment, includingintermediate care facilities, group homes, single room occupancy (SRO) housing, and other housingthat includes a planned services component.Supportive Housing is currently considered a better alternative for those who are homeless or nearhomeless, than the emergency shelter scenario. Proponents of supportive housing claim that peoplein need of housing are often unstable in other aspects of their lives, and providing housing for themis one less item they need to handle. Housing provided with services to get them back on their feet,or to assist them in living independently long-term, allows people to prevent their descent intohomelessness.ServicesHistorically, York County prepared a Coordinated Human Ser vices Plan. The Plan include d anassessment of service needs for children, adults, and the elderly, as well as a service plan with anobjective to integrate and coordinate services. Unmet needs by priority, as set forth in the Plan forspecial needs persons/families, were as follows:• Safe, decent, affordable housing• Specialized services for multi-problem families• Specialized services for children experiencing homelessness/ domestic violence• Interim family support services• Job training/retraining, upgrading skills• Facilities capable of providing care for MH/MR persons, particularly adults and elderly who alsohave medical care needs• Protective services for the elderly• Emergency shelter for those who have been abused/neglected• Parenting skills programs throughout the County• Emergency shelter to avoid family breakup• Transportation• Drug and alcohol partial hospitalization programs• Truancy programs - early intervention and alternativesHousing Related Services to Non-Homeless Persons 151

Housing & Community Development PlanHuman Services Needs AssessmentMany of the issues noted in prior sections are still affecting special non-homeless persons in YorkCounty today. In December 2007, the Human Services Division released a Needs Assessment whichanalyzed current problems facing the Human Services Division as a whole. The issues outlined were:• The impoverished population, youth population, physically/sensory disabled population and theaging population will continue to increase in York County, and will demand more services thanare currently being offered• There i s a n i mmediate n eed f or low-income a nd s pecialty h ousing w ithin Y ork C ounty -especially affordable housing outside of the York City limits• Human services transportation needs will grow• Management and data information is not maintained centrally, making it difficult to measureprogram performance, coordinate agency efforts, and promote accountability.• Current and future needs exist for affordable and convenient child care• Current translation and language services do not meet the need of current and future non-Englishspeaking consumersAlong with the 2007 Needs Assessment, the Human Services Comprehensive Human Services Planis being looked at again, from a new Executive Director. In the coming years, new leadership intendsto bring back the Comprehensive Human Services Plan and to move forward with the integrationof services (specifically for those who are utilizing multiple Human Services systems).With regard to some special needs populations, particularly the elderly and physically handicapped,there is a strong desire for in-home services because it allows them to remain in their own home. Theprimary services needed to enable them to remain in their own home include housekeeping, meals,home health care, and transportation.Local Housing Options Team (LHOT)Local Housing Options Teams (L HOTs) bring agencies and individuals toge ther throughout theCommonwealth on a Cou nty or re gional le vel w ith the pu rpose of ide ntifying ho using ne eds,expanding housing opportunities developing long term solutions to the housing needs of people withmental health disabilities and cooccurring disorders. PA Of fice of Mental He alth and SubstanceAbuse Services (OMHSAS) Housing Work Group explored the concept of LHOTs to implement theHousing Work Group Plan.Generally speaking, LHOT membership can include not only mental health consumers and theirfamilies, but representatives from County MH/MR, local housing a gencies, housing and serviceproviders, human services, child welfare agencies, drug and alcohol service providers and disabilityadvocates. L HOT a ctivities in clude n etworking, e ducation, ne eds ide ntification, tr oubleshooting/problem solving, developing housing strategies and action plans, creating partnerships andinitiating projec ts. The end g oal is to crea te per manent supportive housing options and safeneighborhoods for people with mental illness.152Housing Related Services to Non-Homeless Persons

Housing & Community Development PlanIn York and Adams Counties, the LHOT is coordinated by the York County Mental Health/MentalRetardation Department.Housing Related Services to Non-Homeless Persons 153

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 8Housing StrategiesIntroductionUp to this point, this Plan has focused on the presentation of information and the identification ofhousing needs. The focus now turns to the development of strategies to meet these needs. ThisChapter begins with the mission statement. It then moves to an analysis of the general countywidehousing needs, specifically the County’s overall housing needs t 2020. The Chapter continues witha discussion of housing priority need and strategy development related to the priority housing needsof housing affordability, housing supply , housing c ondition and housing support ser vices. TheChapter continues with the County’s strategies to address barriers to affordable housing, fair housing,homelessness and public housing. The County’s anti-poverty strategy is outli ned, as is the lea dbased paint strategy. Countywide housing strategies will also be presented.Mission StatementThe County of York w ill operate under a five (5) year strategic plan that coor dinates needs andresources to achieve the statutory goals of providing decent housing, providing a suitable livingenvironment, and expanding e conomic opportunities. To ac hieve this mi ssion, the County hasestablished specific goals and objectives to address identified priority needs.The primary goal of the County's Housing and Community Development Program is to work withpublic, private, a nd nonprofit deve lopers to provide aff ordable perma nent housing in standardcondition. T he Cou nty wi ll c ontinue its e fforts t o a ccomplish th is g oal, p roviding fi nancial,technical, and administrative resources when appropriate and needed to provide affordable housing,particularly by leveraging other resources available. Specifically, the County will encourage andassist other entities to seek funding for affordable housing for extremely low to m iddle incomeindividuals and families, as well as persons with special needs.General Countywide Housing NeedsA challenge faced by York County is to ensure that the housing needs for its current and futureresidents can be met. Making sure that there is a varied housing stock to accommodate new andexisting residents is imperative. This chapter begins by considering the County’s housing needs to2020.While future updates to the Yor k County Housing an d Community Development Plan will beconducted every five (5) years per the requirements of the US Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment, a broader time frame is used when considering projected housing need. This willconsider County housing needs to 2020, using Census 2000 data as a baseline.Housing Strategies 155

Housing & Community Development PlanTotal Number of Additional Homes Needed by 2020By 2020, York County is expected to have 484,909 residents, an increase of 103,158 persons since2000. This, coupled with the decreasing average household size (2.52 persons in 2000), brings fortha demand for additional homes. With the assumption that the population will increase to 484,909by 2020, the Countywill need approximately 41,800 additional homes to accommodatethese people.The methodology used to derive this number is described below.Formula for Calculating 2020 Housing Unit Need1. 484,909 - 10,164 = 474,745Total Future Population* - Future Group Quarters Population** = Total in Households2. 474,745 ÷ 2.52 = 188,390Total Population in Households ÷ Average Household Size*** = Unadjusted Total Future HousingUnits3. 188,390 x [1+ 0.054(5.4%)] = 198,563Unadjusted Total Future Housing Units x (1+ Future Vacancy Rate****) = Total Future Housing Units4. 198,563 - 156,720 = 41,843 (rounded to 41,800 for planning purposes)Total Future Housing Units - Existing Housing Units = New Future Housing Units needed by 2020* Total future population is based on YCPC projections.** The 2020 group quarters is based on the share of the total population in 2000 that was in group quarters.*** The average household size for 2000 was used in this calculation.Location of Additional HousingAs discussed in Part 1, Chapter2 of this Plan, the Growth Management Plan Component of the YorkCounty C omprehensive P lan h as a three (3 ) t iered ap proach t o d evelopment. Fi rst, a l argepercentage (75%) of the projected growth is to be captured within proposed growth areas. Second,it proposes that new development beyond growth areas be directed to areas in and around existingboroughs and villag es. F inally, the nee d to allow for a very lim ited amount of residentialdevelopment beyond existing villages is recognized.As per the County Growth Management Plan, growth areas are intended to provide a full range ofservices and land uses, accommodating residential, commercial and industrial needs. These areasare well suited for more inten sive and concentrated development due to the infrastruc ture andservices available. Within growth areas, expansion of public water and sewer service and capacityimprovements to roads are encouraged. On the other hand, the Plan recommends that residentialdensities in rural areas be based upon some type of agricultural protection zoning, which limits thenumber of dwelling units based on either a percentage of the total property acreage or on the basisof a sliding or fixed scale, unless development occurs within or directly adjacent to an existing ruralarea village or borough. Also, the extension of public water and sewer is strongly discouraged inrural areas, unless necessary to address an issue of health or safety.That said, the majority of the 41,800 needed housing units are expected to be built in the GrowthAreas; however it is anticipated that a portion will be distributed throughout the Rural Areas of the156Housing Strategies

Housing & Community Development PlanCounty. The following calculation illustrates how the additional units might fit into the County ’sGrowth Areas.133,642 acres Total Acreage in Designated Growth Areas9,989 acres Portion of Designated Growth Areas that is zonedResidential* and currently vacant6,992 acres Portion of Residential zoned land within Growth Areasthat is developable**4.5 homes/acre York County’s average residential density, based uponan assumed average density* Based on the County’s generalized zoning which combines all municipal “residential” zoningclassifications into a single category (i.e. any zoning classification containing the word“residential”).** Assumes 30% of total is not developable due to roads and natural featuresBased on the average residential density of 4.5 homes/acre, 75% of the County’s 2020 housing needcould be accommodated within the 6,992 acres of developable residential zoned land in the County’sgrowth areas. However, the percentage of dwellings that could be accommodated in the growthareas w ould a ctually be hig her i f v acant l and wi thin other zon ing c lassifications tha t pe rmitresidential development, such as apartment-office, mixed use, and village, as well as opportunitiesfor res idential i nfill d evelopment, w ere ta ken in to c onsideration. A dditionally, th ere a reopportunities for residential development, although at lesser densities, throughout the rural areas.Overall, the above discussion demonstrates that the County can meet its projected 2020 housingneeds. F urthermore, it s hows that the County can me et its Growth Mana gement Plan g oal ofcapturing at least 75% of future residential development within the designated growth areas. ThisChapter continues with the presentation of the County’s priority housing needs and strategies toaddress those needs.Housing Priority Need and Strategy DevelopmentBased on the “Housing Analysis and Needs Assessment” section of this document, the County hasidentified the following housing priority needs: (1) housing affordability, (2) increased supply ofaffordable housing, (3) housing supportive services, and (4) improved housing conditions. Belowis an analysis of each need together with the County’s strategy to address the need.Priority Need No. 1: Housing AffordabilityHousing aff ordability has bee n identi fied as the County ’s most predominant housing need f orextremely low, low, moderate, and households with income >80% median family income.Analysis of Housing Affordability NeedNeeds identified in Chapter 5clearly show that extremely low, low, moderate, and middle incomeindividuals and families are finding it increasingly difficult to afford housing. The proportion andHousing Strategies 157

Housing & Community Development Planabsolute number of renters paying more than 50% of income for housing expenses, as well as thosepaying more than 30%; the extent of rent delinquency and eviction; the need for emergency housing;the number requesting pre-rental information; and the numberattending Rental Assistance Programworkshops indicate an affordability problem. Owners are facing similar problems, demonstrated bythe large number paying more than 50% of income for housing expenses, as well as those payingmore t han 3 0%; t he n eed fo r e mergency m ortgage assistance; t he n eed fo r m ortgagedelinquency/default a ssistance, a nd the nu mber see king c ounseling fo r H UD re verse a nnuitymortgages.Based on the percent of households with a cost burde n, small related, large related, and all otherhouseholds are first priority in the extremely low income renter category. In the low income rentercategory, large related and all other households are the top priority; while, in the low income rentercategory, elderly one (1) and two (2) member households are first priority.For the owner category, existing homeowners are first priority in all income g roups due to thehousing cost burden; howe ver, in ter ms of the per centage of house holds with a cost burden,extremely low income owners have the greatest need.Because many existing homeowners are paying more than 30% of income for housing expenses, plusa significant number are paying more than 50%, they can not afford to bring substandard units intostandard c ondition and will often defe r normal maintena nce until i t results in a substandar dcondition. Federal and State clean water requirements, which result in tap-in fees and hook-up coststo connect to public water and sewer, are also contributing to housing costs. In addition, increasingreal estate tax levies are affecting the cost of housing throughout the County.Strategy to Address Housing Affordability NeedsThe County of York intends to use acquisition, rehabilitation, new construction, rental assistance,homebuyer assistance, and support facilities and services as either primary or secondary activitiesto meet housing affordability needs, as follows:RentersRegarding renters, 2008 data f rom the Community Progress Council Rental Assistance Programindicates that a significant number of extremely low and low income households are in need of rentalassistance. The 2000 Census shows a 7.2% rental vacancy rate. Be cause the re ntal units areavailable, renta l assistance should be pr ovided, when ne cessary, to make them af fordable forextremely low, low, and moderate income renters.York County will use Federal, State, and local resources and support applications submitted by otherapplicants to provide r ental assistance. The se include the Federal HOME, CDBG , EmergencyShelter Grant, and Section 8 Certificate/Voucher Programs; as well as the State HousingAssistanceProgram for the Homeless; and local programs, such as Lutheran Social Services, Salvation Army,and Southern Community Services.On a case-by-case basis, York County will utilize acquisition, rehabilitation, new construction, andsupport services to address housing affordability for renters and will facilitate activities to supportrental assistance programs.158Housing Strategies

Housing & Community Development PlanHomeownersWith respect to existing homeowners, the 2007 modified CHAS shows that 76% of extremely lowincome homeowners have experienced some housing problems; 25,074 have a housing cost burdenpaying more than 30% of income for housing expenses; and 8,172 have a severe cost burden payingmore than 50% of income for housing expenses. Information provided by the Housing Alliance,dealing wi th h omeowner i ssues su ch a s e mergency mor tgage assistance, d elinquent/defaultmortgages, rehab p rograms, and reverse a nnuity mortgages indicate that homeowners in t heseincome ranges continue to have housing problems. As such, it is apparent that extremely low, low,and moderate income homeowners need assistance to remain in their homes, as well as to maintaintheir home. Rehabilitation is the primary activity available to assist low/moderate inco mehomeowners with the expense of maintaining t heir home. A cquisition, new construc tion, andsupport facilities and services activities would be used only in special circumstances, or to supportthe primary activity of rehabilitation.For first-time homebuyers, or potential homebuyers in general, the 2000 Census data shows that only155 of 2,088 units for sale, or 7.4%, were affordable for low/moderate income purchasers (incomesless than 80% of median income). Based on data from the York County Board of Realtors, a limitednumber of units available for sale are affordable for low/moderate income purchasers. The primaryactivity to addre ss this need would be to provide homebuy er a ssistance, with ac quisition,rehabilitation, new construction and support f acilities and services used to support homebuy erassistance programs.York County will use any available Fe deral, State, and local r esources, as we ll as supportapplications submitted by other e ntities, to provide homebuy er assistance, including the FederalFNMA 3/2, Community Development Block Grant, and HOME Programs; the State Single FamilyHome Ownership and Homeowners Emergency Mortgage Assistance Programs, and local programs,such as the Housing Council.For both renters and owners, the County will promote the fre e movement of lower inc ome andminority persons by providing adequate and affordable housing, information on the availability ofhousing, and counseling dealing with legal, financial, and home maintenance problems. In addition,the County will assist i n the deve lopment of a County wide, coordina ted, community housingresource for homeowners, as well as for private, public, and nonprofit landlords. Furthermore, theCounty will assist in a Countywide effort to educate lower income households and persons withspecial needs as to the array of programs that are available to address their housing affordabilityneeds.Goals and Objectives To Address Housing Affordability NeedsTo address the priority need of “Housing Affordability,” the County has established the followinggoals and specific objectives for the five (5) year period 2010-2014:! Goal 1 - To provide financial assistance, through the CDBG Program to carry out the counselingfor the rental assistance program for extremely low to moderate income households, includingelderly, small family, large family, and other renters.Housing Strategies 159

Housing & Community Development Plan" Objective - T he County wi ll p rovide a ssistance to t he Com munity Pr ogress C ouncilthroughout the five (5) year period for the provision of rental assistance and related servicesto extremely low to moderate income households.! Goal 2 - To pr ovide financial assistance for a York Home buyer Assistance Program whichprovides d own p ayment a nd c losing c ost a ssistance to l ow/moderate inc ome ho useholds,including elderly, smal l family, large family, and other homebuyers for the purc hase of anexisting home in the County. The home must be located in an area that has been designated aseither a primary or secondary “growth area” in the County’s Comprehensive Plan and which isserved by public water and sewer." Objective - Through the York Homebuyer Assistance Program , the County will assist 76moderate and 14 low income first time homebuyers.! Goal 3 - To pr ovide fi nancial as sistance to e xtremely low , lo w, a nd mod erate inc omehomeowners for home r ehabilitation activities throug h the County ’s Home I mprovementProgram." Objective - The County will assist 157 households, including 36 extremely low income, 51low income, and 70 moderate income through the Home Improvement Program. This willinclude small and lar ge families, as we ll as individuals, elderly , and spec ial needshouseholds.! Goal 4 - To pr ovide fi nancial a ssistance to e xtremely low , low, and moderate inc omehomeowners for the installation of a sanitary sewer service line when required to connect topublic sewer, as well as for a water service line when required to connect to public water." Objective - The County will assist 135 households, including elderly, small families, largefamilies, and other homeowners. Of this total,23 are expected to be extremely low income,41 low income, and 71 moderate income households.! Goal 5 - To provide financ ial assistance to nonprofit ag encies to ex pand or e stablish newprograms to address fair housing issues, especially those that affect housing affordability." Objective - The County will provide financial assistance to two (2) nonprofit agencies forthe implementation of fair housing programs, including fair housing advocacy.! Goal 6 - To support applications submitted to other entities that address housing affordabilityneeds in the County." Objective - The County will support all applications whi ch involve activities to improvehousing affordability for extremely low, low, moderate, and middle income individuals andfamilies. It is expected that this will include at least 15 applications during the five (5) yearperiod.Priority Need No. 2: Housing SupplyHousing supply has bee n identified a s the County’s second most predominant housing ne ed forextremely low, low, moderate, and middle income households.160Housing Strategies

Housing & Community Development PlanAnalysis of Housing Supply NeedBased upon 2000 Census data, program experience, subsidized housing waiting lists, comments atpublic hear ings, a nd the 2009 Housing Nee ds Assessment Survey , there is a nee d to provideadditional affordable housing, especially for small and large families, special needs populations, andelderly. Emergency shelter and transitional housing facilities also need to be expanded, especiallyfor special groups, single women, and single men.Strategy to Address Housing Supply NeedProviding additional decent, affordable housing is the second priority of the County because thereare several categories of the low income populations that need additional housing units. T hesespecialized needs include elderly units in several rur al areas of the County; subsidized units forfamilies, with emphasis on large family units; units for first time homebuyers; additional units forthe homeless; and additional units for persons with special needs, including units that are accessibleand equipped for the physically disabled as well as supportive housing.An e ffort w ill be ma de to e ncourage the int ermingling of dw elling un its for low er i ncomeindividuals/families with housing for higher income households throughout the County. The Countywill also encourage a mix of income levels within individual housing developments.With regard to persons with special needs, the County will encourage developers to provide unitswhich are accessible and equipped for the physically disabled in excess of the minimum required byFederal guidelines. In addition, the County will encourage developers to design units so that theycan be readily adapted to accommodate disabled persons/families.York County will use any available Fe deral, State, and local r esources, as wel l as supportapplications submitted by other applicants, to increase the affordable housing supply for extremelylow to m iddle income families a nd ind ividuals. F ederal r esources in clude the Com munityDevelopment B lock G rant, H OME I nvestment P artnership A ct, Pe rmanent H ousing f or theHandicapped, Section 202 Elderly, Section 811, Low Income Housing Tax Credit, Public HousingDevelopment, Far mers Home A dministration 502, Fa rmers H ome Administration 515,Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP) and the Federal Home Loan Bank Bond AffordableHousing Programs.State resources include Housing and Community Development Programs, PennHOMES Program,PENN FREE Bridge Housing Program, Core Communities Housing Program (CCHP), SpecializedResidences for Home less Persons with Mental I llness Program, and the Housing DevelopmentProgram for the Mentally Ill. On the local level, the Health Choices and the Affordable HousingTrust Fund are the primary resources.In most cases, a combination of fundin g sources will be needed to finance housing developmentactivities.Goals and Objectives to Address Housing Supply NeedTo address the “Housing Supply” priority need, the following goals and objectives for the five (5)year period (2010-2014) have been established:Housing Strategies 161

Housing & Community Development Plan! Goal 1 - To provide financial assistance to private, public, and/or nonprofit housing developersto construct new rental units and/or to substantially rehabilitate or convert existing structures intoaffordable rental units for extremely low, low, and moderate income renters." Objective - The County will provide assistance which will result in the development of 265affordable rental units for extremely low to moderate income households, including smalland large families, elderly, individuals, and special needs persons. Preference, however, willbe given to the development of affordable rental units for families, especially large families.Increasing the housing supply through land acquisitions or new construction are secondaryhousing activities to be used only if exist ing units are not a vailable or funding programrequirements preclude existing units.! Goal 2- To provide financial assistance to nonprofit emergency shelter providers to maintainexisting and provide additional emergency shelter facilities for homeless single men, singlewomen, and families with children, as well as victims of domestic violence." Objective - The County will assist four (4) emergency shelter providers each year between2010 and 2014. An individual provider may receive assistance each year. Over the five (5)year period, it is t he goal of the County that 8,000 h omeless individuals and families,including v ictims o f d omestic v iolence, b e p rovided e mergency s helter b y the a ssistedagencies. In addition, it is the goal of the County to provide assistance that will result in theability to house an a dditional 25 hom eless individuals or fa milies, including victims ofdomestic violence, either through the expansion of existing facilities or the development ofnew facilities.! Goal 3 - To provide financial assistance to private, public, and nonprofit housing developers forthe acquisition of land which is appropriately zoned and serviced with public water and publicsewer fo r t he c onstruction o f n ew re ntal u nits fo r e lderly h ouseholds, s mall fa milies, l argefamilies, single individuals, and persons with special needs who have extremely low to moderateincomes." Objective - The County will assist developers with land acquisition expenses which willresult in the development of additional affordable housing units for extremely low, low, andmoderate income families and individuals.! Goal 4 -To pr ovide financial assistance to private, public, a nd/or nonprofit agencies for thedevelopment of additional transitional housing facilities for formerly homeless individuals andfamilies." Objective - The County will provide assistance which will result in the development oftransitional housing facilities to accommodate 20 individuals and/or families.! Goal 5 - To support applications submitted to other entities that address housing supply needsin the County." Objective - The County will support all applications which involve activities to increase thesupply of housing for extremely low to middle income individuals and families, includingthe homeless and special needs populations. It is expected that this will include at least 15applications during the five (5) year period.Priority Need No. 3: Housing Supportive ServicesHousing supportive services has be en identified as the County’s third priority housing need forextremely low, low, moderate, and middle income households.162Housing Strategies

Housing & Community Development PlanAnalysis of Housing Supportive Services NeedSupportive services need to be provided to extremely low, low, m oderate, and middle incomeindividuals and families in an effort to support independent living. Among the necessary servicesare counseling, meals, health care, homeless prevention, and transportation. Da ta from publicservice agencies and housing providers indica te that ther e is a strong need f or housing relatedsupportive services for individuals, families, elderly, and special needs persons with extremely lowto moderate incomes, as well as with middle incomes.Strategy to Address Housing Supportive Services NeedsProviding supportive services is the third priority of the County because it is important to assistextremely low to middle income households with services that will enable them to remain in theirown homes or apartments. The strategy is (1) to provide supportive services that will minimize theneed for facilities, and (2) to coordinate public, private, and nonprofit provided supportive servicesin an effort to maximize the use and effectiveness of financial resources.York County will use any available Fe deral, State, and local r esources, as we ll as supportapplications submitted by other applicants, to provide supportive services. Federal resources includethe Community Development Block Grant Program, Emergency Shelter Grant Program, CommunityServices Block Grant Program, Social Services Block Grant Program, Homeless Prevention andRapid Re-Housing Program (HPRP) and McKinney-Vento Continuum of Care Program.State level resources include Case Management for the Homeless and the Human Resource sDevelopment Fund, Eme rgency Shelter Gra nt and Homeless Pre vention and Rapid Re-H ousingProgram. . Local resources include, but are not limited to, New Hope Ministries, Lutheran SocialServices, Salvation Army, Southern Community Services, York Union Rescue Mission, ACCESS-York, New Life for Girls, Children's Home of York, Human Life Services, Community ProgressCouncil, the Community Action Program, Hanover Area Council of Churches, YMCA, YWCA,YWCA of Hanover, York Area Development Corporation, Bell Socialization Services, HealthChoices, and the United Way of York County.Goals and Objectives to Address Housing Supportive Services NeedsTo address the “Housing Supportive Services” priority need, the following goals and objectives forthe five (5) year period (2010-2014) have been established:! Goal 1 - To pr ovide financial assistance to nonprofit ag encies throughout the County for theprovision of an array of supportive services that will enable extremely low, low, moderate, andmiddle income owners and renters to remain in their own home or apartment. This will includeelderly, small family, large family, special needs, and other households." Objective - The County will provide assistance to five (5) nonpr ofit agencies each yearbetween 2010 and 2014. Over the five (5) year period, it is the goal of the County that theassisted agencies will pro vide supportive services to 10 0,000 extremely low to m iddleincome households, with emphasis on those with low/moderate incomes. This will includeservices to the elderly, small families, large families, and special needs persons.! Goal 2 - To pr ovide financial assistance to nonprofit ag encies throughout the County for theprovision of supportive services that will enable homeless individuals and families to make thetransition from emergency shelter to independent living.Housing Strategies 163

Housing & Community Development Plan" Objective - The County will provide assistance to five (5) nonprofit agencies that address theneeds of the homeless each year between 2005 and 2009. Over the five (5) year period, itis the goal of the County that the assisted agencies will provide supportive services to 9,295households as they strive to make the transition from homelessness to independent living.! Goal 3 - To support applications submitted to other entities that addre ss housing supportiveservices needs in the County." Objective - The County will support applications that involve activities to improve housingrelated supportive services for extremely low to middle income individuals and families. Itis expected that this will include at least 10 applications during the five (5) year period.Priority Need No. 4: Housing ConditionsThe need to improve housing conditions for extremely low, low, and moderate income householdshas been identified as the County’s fourth priority need.Analysis of Housing Conditions NeedA need to rehabilitate substandard owner and renter occupied units and vacant units continues toexist. As discussed in the Needs Assessment section of this document, and based on the County'sdefinition of substandard housing, 3,240 total units, are substandard. Of these units, 10% are soseverely deteriorated that rehabilitation would not be economically feasible.Based on the number of households requesting assistance through the County’s Home Improvementand Weatherization Programs, it is presumed that some of the housing problems of low/moderateincome households are physical in nature.Strategy to Address Housing Conditions NeedThe need for improved housing conditions is the County's fourth priority due to age of the housingstock, together with the existing and potential substandard conditions. The strategy is to providerehabilitation, including weatherization, programs and services to alleviate existing substandard unitsand to address problems before they result in substandard conditions. Rehabilitation activities arethe principle activity to assist existing homeowners and are secondary for all other groups.York County will use any available Fe deral, State, and local r esources, as we ll as supportapplications submitted by other applicants, to rehabilitate and/or weatherize existing units. Federalresources in clude the HO ME Pr ogram, C ommunity De velopment B lock G rant P rogram,DOE/LIHEAP Energy Programs, and United States Department of Agriculture, Rural Development.Available State r esources include H ousing a nd Communi ty Deve lopment Progr ams, theNeighborhood Association Program, and the HOME Program; while local resources consist of theUnited Way Housing Initiatives and the Public Utility Weatherization Program.Similarly, supportive services, if provided in a timely manner, could prevent housing from becomingsubstandard. Based upon program experience, the County has found many elderly clients are unableto maintain their homes, either physically or financially, resulting in a oncestandard home becomingsubstandard. Supportive services, such as a home maintenance program, will keep the home frombecoming substandard and requiring rehabilitation.164Housing Strategies

Housing & Community Development PlanGoals and Objectives to Address the Housing Conditions NeedTo address the “Housing Conditions” priority need, the following goals and objectives for the five(5) year period (2010-2014) have been established:! Goal 1 - To rehabilitate, to the extent practical, homes owned and occupied by extremely low,low, and moderate income individuals and families through the County’s Home ImprovementProgram." Objective - The County will assist 157 households, including 36 extremely low, 51 low, and70 moderate income. These assisted households will include a mix of elderly, small families,large families, special needs, and individuals.! Goal 2 - To e valuate the energy efficiency of existing owner and re ntal units occupied byextremely low and low income individuals and families and, where necessary, reduce the energycosts of these households through the County’s Weatherization Program." Objective - T he County will assist 1,300 households, all e xtremely low income. Theseassisted households will include a mixof elderly, small families, large families, special needspersons, and individuals.! Goal 3 - To support applications submitted to other entities that will result in improved housingconditions, either through rehabilitation programs or supportive services, for extremely low tomiddle income households." Objective - The County will support all applications tha t involve activities to improvehousing conditions for extremely low to middle income individuals and families. It isexpected that this will include at least five (5) applications between 2010-2014.Obstacles to Meeting Housing Goals and ObjectivesMany of the County programs that are available to provide assistance to extremely low, low, andmoderate inc ome ind ividuals, families, a nd pe rsons w ith sp ecial ne eds, s uch a s th e Ho meImprovement Program and York Homebuyer Assistance Program, involve an application processto determine eligibility. Once a household is determined eligible, assistance is provided on a firstcome - first serve basis. Thus, the County can neither control the number of households that areserved in each income level nor the type of households (i.e. individuals, small family, large family,elderly, special needs) tha t are served. The g oals set forth in this docu ment are based on ne edtogether with past prog ram pe rformance and, as suc h, do provide re alistic benchmarks forachievements and meeting identified priority needs.In addition, implementation of HUD’s lead-based paint regulations, that were released in September,1999, impacted the County’s Home Improvement and Homebuyer Assistance Programs. If leadabatement must be carried out in homes to be rehabilitated, the amount of funds to be spent on eachproperty would significantly increase. As a result, a lesser number of homes would be rehabilitatedeach year. Similarly, if lead abatement must be carried out in homes to be purchased by a first timehomebuyer, it could affect the number of homebuyers assisted each year.With regard to providing assistance to private and/or nonprofit developers for the construction ofnew affordable rental housing or the re habilitation of an existi ng building to pr ovide additionalaffordable rental housing units, program guidelines assist the County in assuring that lower incomehouseholds are served; however, the guidelines do not specifically deal with the types of householdsHousing Strategies 165

Housing & Community Development Planto be serve d. The County will enco urage developers to provide units in the household ty pecategories with the greatest need. The housing development goals set forth in this document are alsobased on need a nd past perf ormance and, a s stated above , provide re asonable benchmarks forachievements and meeting identified priority needs.Geographical AreasThe primary geographic focus of the County, for its housing programs, is older developed areas, suchas Boroughs and Township villages, especially those that are served by public water and publicsewer. From a market conditions point of view, the highest vacancy rates for both owner and rentalunits are located in these areas; and these areas are the most affordable in terms of purchase price,rent, and operating expenses.From a housing conditions standpoint, Boroughs and villag es are the older settled are as of theCounty, and have a substantial proportion of housing stock that is 50 years or older, as well as apopulation that is aging. These two (2) factors, when combined, result in maintenance needs thatare many times not met, leading to deterioration of the housing stock and, ultimately, neighborhoods.But, just as importantly, Boroughs and villages are also the target areas for additional housing andsupport facilities. The County has adopted its Comprehensive Plan, which includes land use andhousing plans that concentrate new development in and around existing growth areas and encouragesthe rehabilitation of existing housing.Specific target areas in the County, by Census Tract and by category, are as follows:New ConstructionNew Construction is planned for those census tracts in York County served in whole or in part bypublic sewers and/or public water. These are tracts 101.10; 101.20; 101.30; 102.10; 102.20; 103;104; 105.10; 105.20; 201; 203, EDs 420, 421, 488; 204 EDs 413, 415, 417, 418; 205 EDs 468, 469;206; 207; 208 ED 425; 209.10 BGs 1, 2, EDs 400, 406; 209.20 EDs 401-405; 210.10; 210.20; 211;212.10; 212.20; 213; 214; 215; 216; 217 BG 1;218; 219; 220; 221; 22 2; 223; 227; 228; 229.10;229.20; 230; 231; 232; 233; 234 BGs 1, 2, ED 430; 235; 236, EDs 433, 434; 237 BG 1, ED 438;238.10; 238.20; 239 ED 450; and 240.Several of the ce nsus tracts listed above ha ve bee n desig nated a s high pr iority are as for newconstruction. These census tracts, by household types, are as follows:Elderly: 203 EDs 420, 421, 488; 207; 209; 210.10; 210.20;218; 219; 220; 221; 222; 223; 235;and 240.Small and Large Families: 101.10; 101.20; 101.30; 102.10; 102.20; 103; 104; 105.10; 105.20;203 EDs 420, 421, 488; 204 EDs 413, 415, 417, 418, 206; 207; 208; 209.10 BGs 1, 2, EDs 400,406; 209.20 EDs 401-405; 210.10; 210.20; 211; 212.10; 212.20; 213; 214; 215; 216; 218; 227;228; 229.10; 229.20; 230; 231; 232; 233; 234 BGs 1, 2, ED 430; 235 BG 1, ED 431; 237 BG 1,ED 438; 238.10; and 238.20.166Housing Strategies

Housing & Community Development PlanRehabilitationRehabilitation is planned to be Countywide, with activity concentrated in the following areas: New Market Area, Fairview Twp.Railroad Borough Newberry Township Stewartstown Borough Goldsboro Borough Peach Bottom Township York Haven Borough Delta Borough Bittersville, Lower Windsor Twp. Red Lion Borough West York Borough Wrightsville Borough Loganville Borough North York Borough Glen Rock Borough Hanover Borough Winterstown Borough Penn Township Village of Emigsville, Manchester Twp. Penn Township Violet Hill Area, Spring Garden Twp. Yoe Borough Village of Pleasureville, Springettsbury Twp. W. College Ave., Ext.area, West. Manchester Twp.Alleviating OvercrowdingThe County will address ove rcrowding as par t of its effor t to eliminate subst andard housingconditions through rehabilitation, by assisting nonprofit agencies that provide rental assistance tolow/moderate income households, and by constructing new large family rental units. The Programsto be utiliz ed include the HOME Prog ram, CDBG Program, the Publi c Housing DevelopmentProgram, the Farmers Home Administration 515 Housing Preservation Grant Program, Low IncomeHousing Tax Credit, the State Housing and Community Development and HOMES Programs, theState Neighborhood Assistance Program, and Affordable Housing Trust Fund, the NeighborhoodStabilization Program and Housing Initiatives Corporation.Concentration of Racial/Ethnic MinoritiesThe County will continue its efforts to provide expanded lower income housing opportunities outsideof the City of York in cooperation with the Housing Authority and private and nonprofit developers.Activities will include the construction of new units, as well as additional rental assistance programs.These u nits or a ssistance wi ll be made available t o t hose c urrently on t he H ousing Au thority'scombined City/County waiting lists. The Countywill also continue efforts to educate, promote, andenforce fair housing and equal opportunity.Involuntary DisplacementThe County has implemented a Displace ment Policy that ca lls for no direct displace ment ofhouseholds and seeks to minimize involuntary displacement through the careful selection of housingprojects. This policy will be followed in carrying out activities.In the eve nt that tenants are displaced a s a re sult of a HUD f unded ac tivity, owners shall beresponsible for the payment of any and all displacement and/or relocation claims under the UniformRelocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 for the HOME ProgramHousing Strategies 167

Housing & Community Development Planin 24 C.F.R. Section 92.353. The County’s Tenant Displacement/Relocation Plan is set forth inAppendix 8 of the York County Housing Assistance Programs Policy and Procedure Manual.Strategy to Address Barriers to Affordable Housing/Fair Housing StrategyYork County prepared a “Fair Housing Analysis of Impediments” report in the spring of 2004, andit was subsequently adopted by the County Commissioners on November 10, 2004. The Repor tidentifies barriers to fair housing choice and opportunities, including barriers to affordable housing,that exist throughout the County. In addition, the Report sets forth a ctions that the County canundertake to further fair housing choice and opportunities.The following is a list of the recommendations and strategies contained in the Report. They addresswhat York County can do to further fair housing opportunities and assist in the process to eradicateimpediments to fair housing choice.Continued Support of the Affordable Housing Trust FundThe County Commissioners should continue to support the Affordable Housing Trust Fund, whichit established in 1994. This fund provides financial assistance for the construction and rehabilitationof affordable rental housing, as well as assistance to first time homebuyers for down payment andclosing costs.Continued Activities to Promote Housing ProgramsThe County administers sever al housing development a nd reha bilitation progra ms, as well asemergency shelter and housing supportive service programs. Through the implementation of theseprograms, the County has played an active role in t he provision of safe, decent, and affordablehousing for low to moderate income persons/families, as well as for elderly and disabled persons.These activities serve to further fair housing opportunities and should be continued. In administeringthese programs, the County should strive to meet the needs of low to moderate income residents asidentified in the County's Consolidated Plan and to encourage the development of economicallyintegrated neighborhoods.Continued Support of Other Public Service AgenciesThe County should continue to support other public service agencies that provide housing relatedservices ranging from emergency shelter and rental/mortgage assistance to utility/heat assistance andcounseling to County residents. These activities are all important in the provision of fair housingopportunities.York County Consolidated PlanFuture updates to the County's Consolidated Plan, which incorporates all planning and applicationmaterials for the F ederal C ommunity Deve lopment Block G rant (CDB G), Home I nvestmentPartnerships (HOME), and Emergency Shelter Gra nt (ESG) Prog rams, should continue to placeemphasis on addressing priorities of housing affordability, housing supply, supportive services, andhousing conditions. Activities and programs funded by the County under these grants s houldcontinue to i nvolve ho using de velopment a nd re habilitation, the pr ovision of ne eded pub licinfrastructure consistent with the County Comprehensive Plan, and the provision of supportiveservices as necessary to meet the needs of County residents. By continuing to fund such activities168Housing Strategies

Housing & Community Development Planand programs, serious strides can be made in the goal to provide decent housing and a suitable livingenvironment for all residents of York County.Advocate Policies and Proposals set forth in the County Comprehensive PlanThe County Comprehensive Plan, which was adopted by the County Commissioners in September1997, contains a Housing Plan component, the goal of which is to "maximize the opportunity for awide range of choice in housing and living environments for all income levels throughout theCounty." The Plan sets forth policy recommendations that need to be carried out in order to makethe goal of the Plan a reality. County Officials and other employees, especially those that deal withhousing and housing related issues, need to be made aware of those policies and need to advocatethose policies in their day to day activities.Although the County Comprehensive Plan is only an advisory document for municipal governmentsin its jurisdiction, the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code(PA MPC) states that “municipalcomprehensive plans which are a dopted sh all generally be c onsistent with the a dopted countycomprehensive plan.” The PA MPC also requires tha t all municipal compreh ensive plans bereviewed by the county planning agency; thus, in conducting those r eviews, the County PlanningCommission should m ake a s erious effort to determine w hether or not the municipal plans ar efurthering fair housing opportunities. If not, appropriate comments and recommendations shouldbe offered.Municipal Zoning and Subdivision/Land Development Ordinance ReviewThe PA MPC requires that all proposed zoning and subdivision/land development ordinances, andamendments thereto, be reviewed by the county planning agency. In reviewing these documents, theCounty Planning Commission should consider whether the proposed regulations are consistent withthe intent of fair housing laws and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Any proposed provisionsthat appear to limit housing choice or impose unnecessary restrictions or burdens on the developmentof housing for persons of all income le vels and/or for persons of all protected classes should bebrought to the attention of local officials. Many local officials are unaware of fair housing laws,thus, this review process can also serve to educate local officials.Support Education and Outreach ActivitiesThe County should actively support the education and outreach activities regarding fair housingissues that are being conducted by various agencies and organizations throughout the County. Inaddition, it is recommended that the following actions be undertaken to strengthen the County's rolein the provision of education and outreach:• Use the weekly County Commissioner meetings as a forum to highlight affordable housingdevelopments that ha ve bee n constructe d, as we ll as fair housing activities th at are beingconducted, throughout the County.• Continue to meet with elected officials, both at local and State levels, both publicly and privately,and encourage them to support affordable housing initiatives in their communities and to reviseany policies/laws which create obstacles to affordable housing.• During Fair Housing Month (April), encourage the County Commissioners to adopt a resolutionstating the County’s goal to further fair housing programs.Housing Strategies 169

Housing & Community Development Plan• Encourage State and Federal legislative delegations to support affordable housing programs intheir respective legislative bodies.• Encourage large employers and financial institutions to support and sponsor for affordablehousing programs.• Participate in fair housing workshops and other fair housing events.• Educate local officials, community organizations, and public service ag encies, who have thegreatest contact with persons in need of housing, concerning the housing programs that theCounty has available. Increased awareness of the County's housing assistance programs canserve to further housing opportunities for low to moderate income persons. Many people maybe unaware that housing assistance programs are administered by the County.• Continue to encourage the Realtor Association of York and Adams Counties to provide fairhousing training to their members and to discuss fair housing issues at their association meetings• Continue to encourage the local newspapers to run the recommended advertisement announcingtheir intention to prohibit advertisements that do not adhere to the Fair Housing Act.The County should continue to actively support the efforts of State and local governments and otherlocal agencies to further fair housing opportunities and increase housing choice. The County andthe City have f ormed a joint effort to set priorities for affordable h ousing development by theformation of the York Housing Advisory Commission. The Commission will meet regularly andwill have the r esponsibility to advise ele cted officials on issues re lated to th e development ofaffordable housing and housing-related support services.Fair Housing StrategyThe Fair Housing Analysis of Impediments Report, completed in 2004, will be updated in early2010. The County will be making some changes to its non-profit housing services providers and willcontinue to strive to make available to the residents of York County homebuyer counseling, rentalcounseling, education, and other fair housing related services.Homelessness StrategyYork County is included in a regional "Continuum of Care Strategy" that is designed to addressmany of the short- and long-term economic, social, and health problems of homeless individuals andfamilies. The “ Continuum of Care Gaps Analysis” component of the Strategy, which identifiedspecific housing and supportive service needs of homeless individuals and families with children,is derived f rom the York County 2009 Point-I n-Time Survey of the Sheltered and UnshelteredHomeless and is included in this document.The Central-Harrisburg Region Continuum of Care (CoC) Strateg y, which is derive d from thePennsylvania 10-Year Plan to End Homelessness, outlines specific roles including the formulationand monito ring of g oals and a ction steps, the identifica tion and analy sis of unmet needs, thedetermination of regional priorities, and review and ranking of all regional projects submitted underthe CoC application proce ss. York County implements this s trategy at a loca l level to provideoutreach, ca se mana gement, support ser vices, tra nsitional hous ing, a nd perma nent supportivehousing to the County’s homeless population. Furthermore, the County will strengthen its outreach170Housing Strategies

Housing & Community Development Planprograms to homeless individuals and families, in an effort to provide the necessary services toimprove their living conditions.In addition to the goals and objectives outlined in the CoC Strategy, the County will also utilize theinformation gathered from the Housing Workgroups and Housing Summit to incorporate into itsHomelessness Strategy. Specifically, efforts to establish a local/county homeless planning group tohelp facilitate improved coordination between local housing and service providers, and, to set fortheffective discharge planning from the Prison, Health Care and Foster Care Systems resulting in rapidre-housing and service continuity.With respect to current facilities, the County will use the Community Development Block GrantProgram; Emer gency Shelter Gra nt Progr am; including f unds from HUD and F EMA; theCommunity Se rvices B lock G rant Progra m; t he Soc ial Se rvices B lock G rant P rogram; Ca seManagement for the Homeless Program; Human Services Development Fund; Housing AssistanceProgram; and private funds to support the operations of emergency shelter and transitional housingfacilities.With respect to permanent housing, findings based on the results of the 2009 Point-In-Time Surveycombined with the current permanent housing inventory in the County, it was determined by theCentral-Harrisburg Regional Homeless Advisory Board (RHAB) of the CoC, which is comprisedof 22 counties, that York County is one of three counties within the Central-Harrisburg Region CoCthat has the greatest need for a permanent supportive housing (PSH) project that would serve 100%chronically homeless . As a result of this deter mination, county providers a nd agencies will beencouraged to construct and apply for such projects in the future, and, in addition, designate existingbeds for the chronically homeless. A chronically homeless person is an unaccompanied homelessindividual with a disabling condition who has either been continuously homeless for a year or moreOR has had at least four (4) episodes of homelessness in the past three (3) years. Disabling conditionis defined as a diagnosable substance use disorder, serious mental illness, developmental disability,or chronic p hysical i llness o r d isability, i ncluding t he c o-occurrence o f t wo o r m ore o f the seconditions. To be considered chronically homeless, persons must have been sleeping in a place notmeant for human habitation (e.g., living on the streets) or in an emergency homeless shelter duringthat time. In addition, the County will continue to work with the York Housing Authority and theirefforts to provide per manent housing through the newly funded Y ork County Shelter Plus CareProgram, which provides tenant based rental assistance to homeless individuals with mental illness.Utilizing the resources listed above, the County will continue to provide supportive services for thehomeless and near homeless. In addition, the County will utilize the Homeless Prevention and RapidRe-Housing Program (HPRP) to help fund a nd expand short and medium term re ntal assistanceprograms, housing relocation and stabilization services, and utility assistance programs. A summaryof York County’s HPRP Program, which is funded through the ARRA, is provided in Chapter 6 ofthis Section.Housing Strategies 171

Housing & Community Development PlanGoalsGoal 1:EstablishLocal/CountyHomeless PlanningGroup and improveresourcecoordination for thehomeless.Goal 2:Preventhomelessnessamongst individualsdischarged frominstitutional systems.Goal 3:Expand HomelessPrevention activitiesand services toprevent families andindividuals frombecoming homelessor returning tohomelessness.Table 33: Homeless GoalsAction Steps1. Improve coordination and planningbetween local homeless providers, housingand service providers. Developing and adopting crossdepartment/agency protocols to alignresources and improve access to services;and Increasing outreach efforts in order toimprove enrollment in mainstreamprograms.2. Educate local mainstream providers aboutavailable financial resources for homelessprograms and the Regional Continuum ofCare process. Assessing current and available financialresources for homeless programs andproposed changes under the McKinneyReauthorization (HEARTH Act). Identifying local and regional resources byagency; Identifying gaps in service or deliverysystem that need to be addressed in orderto improve outreach to individuals needingservices.1. Assess effectiveness of current dischargeplanning processes in York County anddevelop a plan to establish protocols toensure individuals released from foster care,treatment/health care facilities or thecriminal justice system do not becomehomeless. Collect data and current discharge plansfrom facilities and analyze data for reporton current situation. Develop plan to improve protocols forrelease. Discharge planners are educated on newprotocols and on how to use mainstreamresources to prevent homelessness inadults or youth being released fromfacilities in York County.1. Reduce the number of first time homelessby initiating and expanding homelessprevention programs, including, but notlimited to mortgage counseling, rentalassistance, employment services and utilityassistance, through HPRP and otherprograms.ResponsiblePerson/OrganizationYork County PlanningCommission andHousing AdvisoryCommissionCentral-HarrisburgRHAB and YorkCounty PlanningCommissionLocal HomelessPlanning Group,Central-HarrisburgRHAB, and CriminalJustice Advisory Board(CJAB)York County PlanningCommission,Community ProgressCouncil, United Wayand York CountyHuman Services Dept.TargetDatesMay 2010August2010January2011September2012172Housing Strategies

Housing & Community Development PlanGoalsGoal 4:To improve outreachto chronicallyhomelesspopulations, includingthe most resistantindividuals, in order toidentify and servethose in need.Table 33: Homeless GoalsAction Steps1. Research best practices and cost effectivetechniques for identifying and providingspecialized outreach to the chronicallyhomeless. Assess which best practices are mostsuited for implementation in York County. Develop protocols and educatemainstream providers to use protocols toprovide outreach. Assess effectiveness of new protocols onreaching chronically homeless andproviding services.2. Continue HMIS implementation in YorkCounty in order to identify and determine anunduplicated count of the chronicallyhomeless and homeless. Work with DCED to improve HMIS dataentry and APR reporting. Coordinate HMIS training for new users inYork County. Develop reports from HMIS that will beused to identify gaps and assist with localplanning and program monitoring.ResponsiblePerson/OrganizationLocal HomelessPlanning Group andCentral-HarrisburgRHABYork County HumanServices DepartmentTargetDatesOn-goingOn-goingGoal 5:To increase housingopportunities for thechronically homeless.1. Encourage county providers and agencies toconstruct permanent supportive housingprojects and designate beds for thechronically homeless.• Educate providers of the fundingopportunities available for PSH andShelter + Care programs through theMcKinney Continuum of Care processand Samaritan Bonus funding.York County PlanningCommission and DianaT. Myers & Associates(CoC consultant)On-goingGoal 6:To address highpriority supportiveservice needs ofhomeless personsthat either (1) are notprovided throughcase management or(2) are not availablein sufficient quantityto meet the needs ofhomelesspopulations.1. Increase availability of substance abuse andmental health treatment and services tohomeless and chronically homelesspersons. Advocate for increased funds forservices. Assess availability and adequacy ofservices in York County.Local HomelessPlanning GroupMarch 2012Housing Strategies 173

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 33: Homeless GoalsGoalsAction StepsResponsiblePerson/OrganizationTargetDates2. Assess availability of child care forhomeless families in need of occasionalservices to look for employment orparticipate in job training. Publicize available sources of child careto homeless service providers. Educate providers to include child care insupportive services budget whereappropriate. Work with child care community todevelop process for providing occasionalcare at child care facilities.Local HomelessPlanning GroupMarch 20123. Assess availability of transportation forhomeless individuals to temporaryemployment agencies, job interviews or jobtraining sites. Publicize sources of transportation tohomeless service providers. Educate providers to includetransportation costs in supportiveservices budget where appropriate.Local HomelessPlanning GroupMarch 2012Public Housing StrategyThe Yor k Housing Authority wi ll continue to enc ourage and r eceive re sident input reg ardingimprovements, policies, and procedures that effect them. Comments are, and will continue to be,requested regarding physical and ma nagement improvements, and whene ver lease revisions arecompleted.Residents are not only able to comment to the Housing Authority directly, but also work throughgroups forme d as a r esult of a Housing Authority contra ct throug h a loca l provider of DrugPrevention and Tr eatment services; the Community Policing Outposts funded by the HousingAuthority; and organized residents’ councils.The Housing Authority emphasizes home-owne rship and enc ourages all elig ible public housingresidents to bec ome hom eowners. Throug h exis ting a nd proposed pr ograms, public housingresidents will be encouraged to own their own home. The Housing Authority currently operates aTurnkey III Homeownership Program, providing low income households the opportunity to purchasetheir City home through a lease to purchase method. To date, 21 of the 44 Turnkey units have beensold.Anti-Poverty StrategyYork County will utilize available resources to increase the availability of affordable housing forhouseholds with incomes below the poverty level. Providing rental assistance and promoting home174Housing Strategies

Housing & Community Development Planownership are the primary programs that will be utiliz ed to addr ess the housing needs of suchhouseholds, as follows:Programs to Assist Households With Incomes Below the Poverty LevelThere are a variety of programs available to assist households with incomes below the poverty level.This section outlines programming available for rental assistance and homeownership.Rental AssistanceThe County , throug h the York H ousing A uthority, will util ize the Fede ral Sec tion 8 RentalCertification and Vouche r Prog rams to provide r ental assistance to renter s meeting Fe deralpreferences. Other programs that will be utilized include the State funded Housing AssistanceProgram for the homeless and private rental assistance programs of L utheran Social Services,Salvation Army, Southern Community Services, and other local community action agencies.In addition, through the Community Development Block Grant Program, the County will provideassistance to various nonprofit public service agencies that provide rental assistance to householdswith incomes below the poverty level.HomeownershipThe County will utilize its Affordable Housing Trust Fund Program, York Homebuyers AssistanceProgram, PHFA Homeownership Program, and the Turnkey Homeownership Program. The CDBGProgram will also be utilized to counsel first time homebuyers.Homeless/Near Homeless AssistanceNumerous programs referenced in the homeless supportive ser vices section of this document arefunded by the Human Services Development Fund (HSDF). The target population of this fundingstream are adults between the ages of 18- 59 with an income of 125% of pove rty. Additionalprograms are funded by the County Homeless Assistance Program (HAP) whose guidelines vary byprogram but can extend to 200% of poverty. Many social service programs offered have no incomeguidelines.Funding is also set aside to meet transportation needs of the impoverished. The Medical AssistanceTransportation Progr am provides tra nsportation to medical re lated prog rams while the H SDFTransportation Progr am ca n provide a dditional transpor tation options t o social ser vice r elatedappointments.The local Public Assistance Office has made efforts to increase their presence in the community andincreasing their outreach efforts into rural parts of the County.The Homeless Providers Group (HPG) of York County created a “Pocket Guide for the Homeless”particularly designed to assist homeless persons locate food, clothing, and shelter in York County.This Guide, however, can be of use to any person in need of assistance and has been reprinted threetimes since distributed in 2003.Housing Strategies 175

Housing & Community Development PlanSeveral organizations in the community both faith based and non-profit provide street feedings andhot meals. York County has over 30 food pantries located throughout the County for individuals andfamilies in need.Actions taken to address Anti-Poverty in 2008 include:• County utilized available resources to increase funding to rental housing development projects thatwill be occupied by low/moderate income persons/families• County utilized HOME and Affordable Housing Trust Funds to financially assist low income firsttime homebuyers with the purchase of a home in the County• York County Planning Commission continued to collaborate with other County departments andpublic service providers to ensure a continuum of services to low/moderate income persons andfamilies, including those with special needs.• County’s home Improvement Program enabled low/moderate income homebuyers to continue tooccupy their homes by providing an affordable means to do necessary repairsLead-Based Paint Hazards StrategyThe priority of the County will be to develop and implement activities to address lead-based painthazards. In order for lead-based paint abatement and hazard reduction activities to be eff ective,housing pr oviders a nd c ontractors, a s w ell a s r esidents, mu st b e e ducated and encouraged toparticipate in any available abatement or hazard reduction programs.At a minimum, the County will continue its Lead-Based Paint Hazards Educational Program and willdevelop specific lead abatement programs. The Educational Program includes informing residentsof potential lead-based paint hazards, the need to have children tested, the use of appropriatecleaning methods, and the sy mptoms associated with childhood lead poison ing. In addition, theCounty will continue to provide trainingto the Housing Assistance Program staff regarding potentiallead-based paint hazards and safe lead-based paint removal techniques. All programs and activitiesdeveloped with regard to lead-based paint hazards have been integrated into the County's HousingAssistance Program Operating Manual.Countywide Housing StrategiesYork Housing Advisory CommissionA York County Commissioner and the Mayor of the City of York announced the formation of theHousing Advisory Commission at the March 2009 Housing Summit. The formation of the jointCity/County commission came after several years of discussions and studies.In 2006 the Hea lthy York Count y Coalition Housing Task F orce rele ased a study entitled,“Affordable Housing Expansion Strategy”. The study analyzed the county’s affordable housingneeds between 2006 and 2011 and the ability of local developers to meet the needs. The study’srecommendations to assist in the expansion of available affordable housing in York Countyincluded:(a) a call to nurture existing non-profit organizations, (b) continue to view housing as a regional issue176Housing Strategies

Housing & Community Development Planand (c) establish a cycle of planning and implementation so that only one major revitalization projectis being developed at any given time in York County.In addition, the Criminal Justice Advisory Board, Local Housing Options Team and the York/AdamsSmart Growth Coalition werestudying housing related issues and developing their recommendationsfor change. Those e fforts further emphasized the need to improve the coor dination of reg ionalplanning efforts to address the full continuum of housing services and populations in need.The members of the various studies concluded that the most effective way to have a positive impacton housing w ould be to cre ate an advisory commission with m embers jointly appointed by theCounty Commi ssioners and the Ma yor of the City of York. I t will be the comm ission’sresponsibility to advise elected officials on issues related to the development of affordable housingand housing-related support services. Specific duties of the commission include: (a) establishmethods for obtaining input on housing needs and priorities, which may include surveys, interviews,and public mee tings; conduc t focus g roups; and conve ning a d hoc pane ls, (b) assist in thedevelopment of the Consolidated Plans for housing and community development that are compatiblewith State, County, City and other community partners, (c) assist in developing a process to establishhousing priorities for the allocation of funds, (d) assist in the development of the Fair Housing Planand strategies to address the barriers to choices for fair housing, and (e) assist in the developmentof the Continuum of Care to address homelessness in York County.Housing Strategies 177

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

PART III:Neighborhood Conservationand Enhancement

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 1IntroductionIntroductionMuch of this Plan, so far, has focused on data and trends related to housing in York County. ThisPart of the Plan will build upon that information as it relates to ne ighborhood conservation andenhancement. It will also provide a bridge by which to connect the Housing Plan (Part II) with theCommunity Development Plan (Part IV).What is a neighborhood?As d efined b y Roget’s II, The New Thesaurus, aneighborhood is “a rather small part of a geographic unitconsidered in rega rd t o its inhabitants or disti nctivecharacteristics.” Suc h f eatures a s d welling ty pes,architecture, infrastructure, and community facilities arecomponents of ne ighborhood character and can set oneneighborhood apa rt from another. Using the abovedefinition, all York C ounty residents live in aneighborhood.Newberry Street, York CityWhy is neighborhood conservation and enhancement important?As stated above , all residents live in neighborhoods, whether it be an olde r borough, a re centsuburban subdivision, the City of York or at a rural crossroads community. York County has manyneighborhoods that are strong and viable, and some that have declined over time. Reg ardless oflocation, declining neighborhoods can result in lower property values, nuisances for neighbors, lesstax revenue a nd a wa ning se nse of c ommunity. Thus, sustaining the County ’s exis tingneighborhoods as desirable places to live is a key goal of the Housing and Community DevelopmentPlan.Conserving and enhancing existing neighborhoods is also an important part of ensuring an adequatesupply of standard housing to serve the needs of persons at different life-cycle stages and differentlevels of income. As detailed in Chapter 3 of Part II, the County’s residents are aging (median ageis now 39.3 years), with projections to 2030 showing the greatest increase in those over the age of70. Average household size is decreasing (2.51 persons in 2005-2007), down from 2.6 persons in1990. Further, recent Census data shows that the largest percentage of workers (approx. 40%) wholive in York County travel between 15-30 minutes to work a nd that there has been a significantincrease (>500%) in those traveling over 1.5 hours to work since 1990.Introduction 181

Housing & Community Development PlanAdditionally, conserving and enhancing neighborhoods helps to accommodate a variety of housingmarket preferences. Generally speaking, single family detached homes have been the predominanttype of ne w home construct ed in the last dec ade, but da ta shows that multi-family housingdevelopments with twenty (20) or more units has increased significantly during the same time period.Newer and more expensive housing is often oc cupied by individuals and families of middle- a ndupper-income brackets, while older housing is occupied by families from all income levels. Olderhomes may not have all the modern amenities that current home buyers want, but they offer otherbenefits not found in many newer homes, including the quality of architecture and materials. Also,older homes a re of ten locate d in are as that ar e close to shopping, re creation, school s, andemployment opportunities. Further, older neighborhoods may have a full array of public services,such as water, sewer, sidewalks, police, and fire, already inplace.Springettsbury TownshipIt should be noted that, as housing ages, those who can afordnewer and more expensive homes sometimes move out ofolder homes. These older homes then become available forindividuals and families that cannot afford, or do not want,the ne wer a nd mor e e xpensive ho mes. Th is p rocess i scommonly referred to as the housing cycle. In order for thecycle to func tion, there must be enough of both new andolder homes to serve the housing needs of residents that tendto live in each type of housing unit.The f ollowing Chapter will discuss conditions or fa ctors that ca n impact the desira bility of aneighborhood as a place to live. Then, the final Chapter will describe solutions; changes that canbe made to conserve and enhance York County’s neighborhoods.182Introduction

Chapter 2Existing Neighborhood ConditionsNeighborhood ConditionsThere are a variety of factors that can make neighborhoods less desirable or, alternatively, can leadto neighborhood decline. For purposes of this report, the existing conditions related to neighborhoodare broken down into three (3) categories: housing factors, neighborhood factors, and environmentalfactors. Each are discussed below.Housing FactorsThe housing factors that impact neig hborhoods ar e categorized as phy sical characteristics andmarketability characteristics. Physical characteristics primarily relate to condition, type, appearance,and architecture; while the marketability characteristics relate to age and size of units, as we ll aswhether the units may be classified as substandard.Physical CharacteristicsThe physical characteristics of individual homes have direct effects on the neighborhoods in whichthey are located. If a housing unit is not being maintained, it can affect the image and property valuesof a neighborhood, and could lead to the further decline of a block or an area.Also, housing units that do not meet current housing preferences may be less competitive in thehousing market, leading to lower sales prices and possible decline in a neighborhood. Recalling datapresented in Chapter 3 of Part I I, almost 70% of the total new residential construction buildingpermits issued in York County, from 2000 through 2007, were for single family detached dwellingunits. It should be noted, however, that seven (7) municipalities added more than 100 multi-familyunits during that same period. In total, multi-family dwelling units accounted for almost 13% of theCounty’s 2000-2007 residential construction.According to data from the Pennsylvania Builders Association, new homes are larger and have moreamenities than ever before. In 2003, the average new home in Pennsylvania had a median finishedfloor area of 2,123 square feet. Over half had two (2) floors and at least three (3) bedrooms. Ninetyfivepercent (95%) of the new homes had two (2) or m ore bathrooms and 88% had central airconditioning. (Similar data for the County is not available.)Citing a recent study from the National Association of Home Builders, the pace of change in newhomes will be much faster over the next ten (10) years than in recent years. Buyers, according to thestudy, can expect that all homes will be “greener” and more resource-efficient than in recent years.Universal design/handicap access will be further emphasized as the Baby Boomers age. The studystates that although the average home size has increased significantly in the past decade, it is notlikely to increase over the next ten (10) years, maintaining today’s average of about 2,300 square feetof finished floor area.Existing Neighborhood Conditions 183

Housing & Community Development PlanThe study further predi cts that the sty le and size ofkitchens and bathrooms will continue to be among theimportant fac tors aff ecting co nsumer’s c hoices. Thefocus on g arages will also likely incre ase, w ith morehomebuyers preferring three (3)-car garages. Lookingbeyond dwelling size and amenities, the study concludesthat future communities are likely to reflect homeownerpreferences f or open spa ce, r ecreational opportuniti esand proximity to public transportation.The a forementioned averag es and pr edictions areincluded to ra ise awa reness tha t homes in exi stingneighborhoods mu st compete with the e xpectationsraised by newly constructed homes and their associatedamenities. As a result, smaller, more modest homes maybecome less available for those interested in that type ofhousing.Average home in 2015• 2,330 square feet over two (2) stories• Four (4) bedrooms and 2.5-3.5 baths• one story entry foyer• one story family room (no loft orvolume ceilings)• no formal living room, this roomvanishes entirely or is transformed in toparlor/library• 9-foot ceilings on the first floor, 8 to 9-foot ceilings on the second floor• exterior walls of vinyl or fiber-cementsiding or brick• a staircase located in the foyer• a front porch• a patio• technology (fiber optic network,programmable thermostat, etc.)• both a shower stall and a tub inSource: National Association of Home BuildersMarketability CharacteristicsA number of characteristics can be used to provide a general picture of marketability. As noted inthe discussion below, these inc lude age of housi ng, the size of homes, and the loc ation ofsubstandard units.AgeThose areas of York County that contain the largest concentrations of older housing units are theobvious places to direct neighborhood conservation activities and resources. Older housing is morelikely to need updating and renovation than newer housing. Homes built in the 1950's and 1960'ssometimes lack amenities and energy efficiency expected by current home buyers. Investment inthese homes may be needed to increase their desirability.Based on the 2005-2007 American Community Survey, more than 21% of the homes in York Countywere built in 1939 or earlier. The following map shows the location of housing by age of individualhomes at the municipal level. Most of the County ’s older housing stock is conce ntrated in theBoroughs, York City, two (2) Townships located adjacent to the City, and three (3) Townships inthe southern portion of the County.184Existing Neighborhood Conditions

Housing & Community Development PlanMap 11SizeHousing size also affects housing marketabilityand, ultimately, neighborhood conse rvation.Over the years, a tre nd towards lar ger homeshas occurred. This means that areas with manysmaller h omes ma y fi nd the se ho mes les smarketable or less likely to receive significantupgrading. Those communit ies with thesmallest home sizes are often areas with olderhomes and more attached housing.Data r egarding the num ber of rooms perdwelling unit , w hich in cludes li ving ro oms,dining r ooms, kitch ens, bedr ooms, finishedrecreation rooms, and enc losed porche ssuitable for year-round use, is presented for1990-2007 on F igure 29. A s shown, thehighest number in 1990, 2000 and 2005- 2007Source: US Census BureauExisting Neighborhood Conditions 185

Housing & Community Development Planwas six (6) rooms. The number ofthree (3)-room units decreased slightly from 2000 to 2005-2007,while the total number of9-room units increased by almost 60% from 1990-2007 demonstrating theincrease in housing unit size. Looking specifically at another data element collected by the 2005-2007 American Community Survey, in York County, approximately 70% of the housing units havethree (3) bedrooms or more, with about 6% of that total having more than five (5) bedrooms.Substandard UnitsSubstandard housing units, defined by the US Census Bureau as those lacking complete kitchen andplumbing facilities, are potentially detrimental to a neighborhood, especially when these units areconcentrated. Fortunately, York County has fe w substandard units. As noted in the 2005-2007American Community Survey, 651 units of the total occupied housing stock (0.4%) lack completeplumbing facilities. For the same period, 943 units (0.6%) lacked complete kitchen facilities.The following map shows the number of substandard housing units at the municipal level in YorkCounty. In terms of the number of substandard units, municipalities in the central and southeasternportion of the County rank the highest.Map 12In addition, as noted in Chapter 3 of Part II, York County has adopted a definition of “Substandardor Needing Rehabilitation” f or p urposes o f im plementing th e Co unty’s H ome I mprovementProgram. Per the County definition, which expands upon the Census definition, substandard housing186Existing Neighborhood Conditions

Housing & Community Development Planincludes units lacking some or all plumbing facilities, lacking heating equipment, lacking completekitchen facilities and/or having a property value of less than $10,000. Based upon this definition,it is estimated that 3,240 housing units in the County are substandard.Although not included in either of the definitions above, factors such as the presence of lead basedpaint, lead pipes, asbestos, a contaminated well, or a failing septic system impact the quality of aresidential property. All of these conditions have the potential to cause serious health problems andcan be quite costly to abate. Health issues can range from hearing problems, muscle/joint pain andhigh blood pressure to reproductive problems, digestive problems, slowed growth in children andlung disease. Children are often more susceptible to health problems than adults.Old lead-based paint is the most significant source of lead exposure in the U.S. today. Most homesbuilt before 1960 contain heavily leaded paint and some homes built as recently as 1978 may alsocontain lead paint. This paint could be on window fra mes, walls, the outside of homes, or othersurfaces. Homes built before 1930 are likely to contain lead piping and, if built between 1930 and1988, may contain copper piping joined by lead-based solder. Asbestos is a mineral fiber that hasbeen used commonly in a variety of building construction materials, such as roofing shingles, ceilingtiles, and floor tiles, for insulation and as a fire-retardant.Neighborhood FactorsIn addition to the housing factors previously discussed, neighborhood factors can directly impact thedesirability of communities and residential neighborhoods. Such characteristics include, but are notlimited to, the presence of abandoned or underutilized buildings, slums/blighted areas, and/or nonresidentialuses; the condition of roads and sidewalks; the presence or lack of community facilities,and public saf ety. These f actors can also have a bearing upon ne ighborhood conservation andrevitalization efforts.Abandoned or Underutilized BuildingsThe pre sence of aba ndoned or unde rutilized buildings ca n have a neg ative impact on aneighborhood. In particular, such buildings, when vacant and/or not maintained, can create healthand saf ety issues. Additionally , such prope rties have the potential to become sites for cr ime,vandalism, and other undesirable activities.Slums/Blighted AreasThe designation of an area as a “Slum and Blighted Area” is related to the Community DevelopmentBlock Gra nt (CDBG ) Prog ram. To qua lify, the governing body of the g eographic are a beingdelineated must adopt a resolution documenting that the area meets the following legislative findingunder the PA Urban Redevelopment Law of 1945: “that there exists in urban communities in thisCommonwealth areas which have become blighted because of the unsafe, unsanitary, inadequateor over-crowded condition of the dwellings therein, or because of inadequate planning of the area,or excessive land coverage by the buildings thereon, or the lack of proper light and air and openspace, or because of the defective design and arrangement of the buildings thereon, or faulty streetor lot layout, or economically or socially undesirable land uses.” Furthermore, at least 25% of theproperties in the area being designated must experience one (1) or more of the following five (5)specific conditions:Existing Neighborhood Conditions 187

Housing & Community Development Plan(1) physical deterioration of buildings or improvements,(2) abandonment,(3) chronic high occupancy turnover or vacancy in commercial or industrialbuildings,(4) significant declines in property values or abnormally low property valuesrelative to other areas in the community, and/or(5) known or suspected environmental contamination.Once an area is designated, it remains designated for a period of ten (10) yearsafter which it must be redetermined as a slum and blighted area. C urrently,there is only (1) designated area in the County. In the past, there have been asmany as 34 designated areas, but their designations have expired.Example of blightAlthough designation as a Slums and Blighted Area may discourage some households or businessesfrom locating in that particular area, the designation actually has some benefits. The municipalityis which the Slums and Blig hted Area is located can apply for CDBG funds under the slums andblighted areas national objective to address the blighted and deteriorating conditions. The goal isto preser ve the ne ighborhood throug h housing a nd community developm ent improvements orredevelopment activities. When such activities are funded and implemented through the CDBGProgram, t hey of ten s pur p rivate inv estment i n th e c ommunity wh ich s peeds the ov erallneighborhood improvement process.Incompatible UsesCommercial, and especially industrial uses, are generally considered to be incompatible uses in aresidential ne ighborhood. Howeve r, som e public/semi-public uses a nd, at times, conver sionapartments, may also be inappropriate depending on their size. Unintended efects of these uses caninclude increased traffic volumes, noise, light pollution, and demands for parking, all of which canhave a ne gative imp act on a residential n eighborhood. U ltimately, th ese imp acts c an le ad todecreased property values, vacated residential units, and reduced desirability of the neighborhoodfor new homeowners. Nevertheless, it is possible to create successful mixed use developmentsthrough concepts such as traditional neighborhood development, planned residential development,transit oriented development, and infill development. In these cases, land use regulations and designguidelines are set in place to assure compatibility.Use conflicts can also arise in r ural areas when residential neighborhoods are located in closeproximity to agricultural operations. Issues most often involve odor, noise, insec ts, groundwatercontamination, and farm machinery traveling on local roads. However, in this case, the residentialdwellings are typically viewed as the intrusive use since the farms were there first.Transportation SystemThe transportation system of a community, which includes not only the street network, but alsocurbs, sidewalks, bike trails, walking paths, and public transit, can effect neighborhood desirability.The quality of life in a neighborhood can be impacted not only by the design and maintenance of thesystem componen ts, but also by rela ted fa ctors such a s traff ic volumes, speeding , noise, andvibration. The most detrimental effects can be on safety and livability in the neighborhood and are188Existing Neighborhood Conditions

Housing & Community Development Planoften the result of deteriorating roadway and/or sidewalk conditions, excessive traffic volumes, andspeeding.Cut-through or “shortcut” traffic on neighborhood streets is one example of a situation that typicallyhas the associated negative impacts of higher traffic volumes and speeding; thereby creating safetyissues for re sidents. Motorists primarily use neig hborhood streets as cut-throug h routes whe ncollector or arterial streets become congested or provide aless direct route.A lack of sidewalks or walking paths in neighborhoods canresult in residents walking a nd children pla ying in thestreets. This can create safety issues, which are exacerbatedwhen there is on-street parking. Walkability, however, isnot limited to the residential neighborhood itself, but alsoincludes connectivity to nearby destinations such as schools,parks, shopping , and employ ment ce nters. Pedestria nfriendly neighborhoods are often sought by persons seekingto rent or purchase a new home.Springettsbury TownshipGenerally speaking, homes in neighborhoods with good street design, well maintained streets andsidewalks, and easy access to major thoroughfares will have higher property values than homes inneighborhoods lacking such amenities. In addition, the condition of roads, curbs, and sidewalks caninfluence the level of community pride. Therefore, well maintained infrastructure often translatesinto well maintained properties.RabbittransitRelated to the Tr ansportation Sy stem, but not as an infra structurecomponent, is public transit. When transi t services a re a vailable, aneighborhood or c ommunity may be desira ble to a g reater number anddiversity of households. Transit services are especially important to personswho ca nnot drive or do not have ac cess to a ve hicle as the y provideconnections to n eeded e mployment, e ducation, me dical, a nd bu sinessfacilities. I n a ddition, tr ansit c an r educe tr affic congestion a nd itsassociated negative environmental impacts.Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), is a fairly term that refers to communities with high qualitypublic transit services, good walkability, and compact, mixed land use. This allows people to choosethe best option for each trip: walking and cycling for local errands, convenient and comfortablepublic transit for tra vel along major urba n corr idors, and automobile tra vel to more disper seddestinations.According to the “Comprehe nsive Evaluation of Tr ansit Oriented Dev elopment Benefits” Studyreleased in June of 2009, people w ho live and work in TOD c ommunities tend to own fe wervehicles, drive less, and rely more on alternative modes. In most cases, however, the greatest modeshift is not from automobile to publi c transit but to walking. In total, residents of neighborhoodswith good transit and mixed land use drive less than half as much on average as residents elsewhere.Existing Neighborhood Conditions 189

Housing & Community Development PlanThe Study also reported that the improved accessibility and transportation cost savings associatedwith TOD increased local property values and likewise the desirability of the neighborhood. Otherbenefits include d improved public fitness and health, improved safety, energy co nservation,emissions reduction, and congestion reduction.Community FacilitiesCommunity facilities include a broad range of public and semi-publicfacilities. Mo st p revalent a re pa rks, sc hools, li braries, po st o ffices,hospitals, c ommunity c enters, mu nicipal b uildings, a nd e mergencyservice fac ilities. The a vailability of ade quate a nd well maintainedcommunity facilities increases a neighborhood’s desirability as a place tolive. Likewise, a lack of sufficient community facilities, or facilities thatare poorly maintained, has a negative influence on the quality of life forneighborhood residents and makes the area less attractive to newcomers.The prevalence and maintenance of community facilities in York Countyneighborhoods varies from one locality to another.Mount Wolf Elementary SchoolAlso related to community facilities is the “quality” of the services provided. “Quality” is typicallydetermined based on whether the community facility provides services that are tailored to the needsof the residents, as well as how the services are delivered. Areas with a reputation for having “highquality services,” such as good schools and libraries, hospitals with hi ghly dedicated and trainedstaff, emergency services with a quick response time, and/or a community center with a wide varietyof activities, tend to be more attractive to residents.Public Water and Sewer FacilitiesMany neighborhoods throughout York County, particularly in the growth areas, are served by bothpublic water and sewer. However, neighborhoods, may also be served by only public water, onlypublic sewer, or neither. The presence of public water and sewer, as compared to private wells andon-lot disposal systems, often makes neighborhoods more desirable as residents feel more assuredof a reliable source of safe drinking water and sewage disposal. These utilities also tend to increaseproperty values. On the other hand, increased utility costs may be associated with public water andsewer. Not only do customers pay for their water/sewer usage, but they also contribute to ongoingmaintenance of the system.Public SafetyNeighborhood safety is a common conc ern when seeking a place to live, work, and play. Whenpeople perceive that they would be fearful of their personal safety or the security of their propertyin a particular neighborhood, they are unlikely to locate ther e. Such per ceptions can also enticepeople to move from existing neighborhoods. This can lead to unstable neighborhoods. Thus, it isimportant to create an overall sense of securityEnvironmental FactorsEnvironmental factors play an important role in the community. When environmental factors suchas trees, steep slopes, and floodplains are considered, well planned for, and maintained, they canincrease the desirability of a neighborhood. On the other hand, when these factors are neglected,190Existing Neighborhood Conditions

Housing & Community Development Planover-utilized or not properly planned for, they can have anegative ef fect on the phy sical appe arance of theneighborhood and the desirability of the residential areacan decrease dramatically.Woodlands/Street TreesAccording to the National Association of Home Builders,developed residential lots with trees sell for an average of20-30% more than similar lots withouttrees, thus yieldingan economic benefit. The trees not only improve propertyHellam Street, Wrightsville Boroughvalues, but also provide beauty, shade, wildlife habitat,and a pla ce for children to play . Furthermore, they are capable of a bsorbing large amounts ofparticulate air pollution and muffling noise. In neighborhoods that are not wooded, street trees canprovide similar benefits.The importance of integrating people, trees, and the environment has evolved into the concept of“community fore stry.” An a rticle in the Spring 2002 issue of Urban Forestry News definescommunity forestry as “taking care of the green infrastructure and helping to incorporate the grayinfrastructure in a way that protects, preserves, and enhances our natural environment.”Conserving trees and other greenspace increases the quality and enjoyment of development, therebymaking neighborhoods more desirable.Floodplain AreasAccording to the PA Floodplain Management Act (Act 166-1978), “a floodplain area is a relativelyflat or low land area which is subject to partial or complete inundation from an adjoining or nearbystream, river or watercourse; and/or any area subject to the unusual and rapid accumulation ofsurface waters from any source.” These areas are an integral part of a c ommunity’s stormwaterdrainage system and are intended to provide a natural form of flood protection. Development infloodplain areas should be strictly regulated in an effort to reduce future flood damages.Buildings, walls, fences, and other structures located in floodplain areas are physical obstructionsto the natural flow of water and are prone to accelerated wear, damage, and possibly destructionwhen flooding occurs. Such struc tures can increase the velocity of flood wa ters, as well as theamount of land a rea needed to car ry the flood waters, consequently subjecting more homes a ndbusinesses to potential damage. In addition to property damage, flooding poses health and safetyrisks to building occupants and can even result in the loss of lives.According to the Hazard Mitigation Plan component of the County Comprehensive Plan, 60 of YorkCounty’s 72 municipalities areprone to flooding. The total population living within floodplain areasis estimated to be 18,701. Development has occurred to varying degrees in the identified floodplainareas. Much of the older development has not been elevated or floodproofed, thereby increasing thepotential for damage or destruction. The impacts from flooding events depend on the severity ofeach event and the nature of development “in harms way.” Localized flash floods can sometimesbe more damaging than large regional storm events as they can occur with little or no warning.Existing Neighborhood Conditions 191

Housing & Community Development PlanSteep SlopesMany municipalities in York County, through their respective subdivision and land developmentordinance and/or zoning ordinanc e, define steep slopes as land with a g rade of more tha n 15%.Steep slopes are part of York County’s natural landscape and drainage system. Such areas oftencreate unique or scenic viewsheds which are worthy of preservation.Construction activities and land development on steep slopes results in the destruction of naturalsoil-anchoring ve getation and a n incre ase in impervious surf aces which ac celerate the ra te ofstormwater runoff. The consequences of excess runoff are erosion, including the loss of topsoil,silting of streams, and flood damages to public and private property. Development in steep slopeareas is often costly due to the environmental issues, plus expenditures for maintenance tend to behigher. L eaving s teep slopes undisturbed a ids the control of e rosion and sedimenta tion, thecapability of the underlying soils to absorb and retain moisture, and the protection of the quality ofwatersheds and streams.RadonRadon is a radioactive gas that comes from the natural decay of uranium that is found in nearly allsoils. Most often it moves up through the ground to the air above and into homes through cracks andother holes in t he foundation, Once in t he home, it becomes trapped where it c an build up todangerous levels. Any home may have a radon problem, including new and old homes, well-sealedand drafty homes, and homes with or without basements. Nearly one (1) out of every 15 homes inthe U.S. is estimated to have elevated radon levels. The only way to know the radon level in a homeis to test it. When high levels are left untreated, it has the potential to cause lung cancer.In addition, radon sometimes enters a home through well water or a public water supply system thatuses ground water. Risk results from drinking water with radon in it, as well as from radon releasedinto the air when water is used for showering and other household purposes. Research, however, hasshown that the risk of lungcancer from breathing radon in air is much larger than the risk of stomachcancer from swallowing water with radon in it.Since it is possible for any home to have a radon problem, all residents are advised to have theirhomes tested. Radon testing is easy and takes only a small amount of time and effort. If radon levelsprove to be at dangerous levels, there are a variety of radon reduction measure that can be taken toreduce or eliminate health hazards. Additional informa tion regarding radon can be found in theHazard Mitigation Plan component of the County Comprehensive Plan.On-Lot Sewage DisposalOn-lot sewa ge disposal sy stems exi st on manyresidential lots in York County, particularly in therural are as. Whe n proper ly desig ned, installed,operated, and maintaine d, on -lot sy stems canprovide a safe and trouble-free means of sewagedisposal. H owever, if the ho meowner f ails toproperly operate and maintain the sy stem, it canresult in the nee d for c ostly repairs. I n addition,and mor e imp ortantly fr om a n e nvironmental,Malfunctioning sewage disposal system192Existing Neighborhood Conditions

Housing & Community Development Planhealth, and safety standpoint, malfunctioning systems can contaminate surface and ground waters,cause a variety of health problems, and create unsightly messes and foul odors, if the raw sewagesurfaces or backs up into the home.Most often, malfunctioning systems are only a nuisance to an individual homeowne r. However,there are times when entire neighborhoods become burdened with malfunctioning systems which canpose community-wide health and safety issues.Stormwater RunoffImpervious surfaces, such as buildings, streets, driveways, sidewalks, and parking lots, prevents rainor snowmelt from naturally soaking into the ground and instead causes such surface water to flowquickly over the landsca pe. This is kno wn as stormwater runoff and, fr om a neig hborhoodviewpoint, it has the potential to increase flooding, endanger private and public infrastructure,contribute to combined sewer overflows, and pollute rivers, streams, and groundwater.Flooding, as previously discussed, poses health and safety risks to residents and can cause significantproperty damage. With regard to infrastructure, excessive stormwater runoff can cause streets andsidewalks to buckle or break. Ad ditionally, the accumulation of stormwater runoff on streets,sidewalks and in parking areas can create unsafe conditions for motorists and pedestrians.Storm sewers can become clogged with debris carried by the runoff which reduces or eliminates theirability to ca rry stormwater and inc reases the potential for flooding. Over flows from c ombinedsewers ca n cause health and sa fety issues for re sidents; while pollu ted rivers, stre ams andgroundwater can result in additional time/cost to purify drinking water, as well as create unsafe areasfor swimming or fishing.Noise and Air PollutionNoise and air pollution are two (2) factors that affect neighborhood quality of life and desirability.Adjacent or nearby heavily traveled roads and incompatible land uses are common sources of noiseand/or air pollution. When residential neighborhoods are not adequately screened or buffered fromsuch uses, the consequences can be reduced enjoyment of the outdoors and possible sleeping issuesfor residents. Most residents find it rela xing to sp end time in t heir backyards or on their fr ontporches, but not when theyare subject to excessive noise or pollution. Likewise, such pollution candiscourage residents from taking walks in the neighborhood. B y spending less time outdoors,opportunities to exercise and socialize with neighbors are limited.Existing Neighborhood Conditions 193

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 3Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement PlanIntroductionConsidering that almost one-quarter of the County’s housing stock was built prior to 1940 and thata majority of the homes are at least 25 years old, the need to maintain existing housing stock and theneighborhoods in which it is located is important. If the existing housing stock is not maintained,the demand for construction of new units will increase. In the County’s recent past, there has beena surge in new construction which resulted in the development of a considerable amount of land, ofwhich there is a finite amount. New construction has also reduced or eliminated areas containingsome o f t he C ounty’s s ensitive natural res ources caus ing negati ve en vironmental im pacts. Bypreventing the decline of existing homes and associated neighborhood amenities, such as streets,sidewalks, trails, and parks, the quality of life within a neighborhood will be maintained and thedesirability of the neighborhood will be enhanced. This should help to lessen the demand for newlyconstructed housing. In an effort to maintain and protect the County’s residential neighborhoods,development of a Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan would be a logical first step.Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement PlanA Neig hborhood Conserva tion and Enhancement Plan should focus on conser vation andrehabilitation of the ex isting housing stock within the neig hborhood so as to provide inc reasedaffordable housing opportunities for both owners and renters in a desirable neighborhood. It shouldalso consider the provision of supportive housing for disabled persons and opportunities for residentsto age in place. Additionally, the Plan should focus on the protection and improvement of the overallneighborhood from infrastructure to s ervices. Whe n a community maximizes its investment ininfrastructure and public facilities, taxes for home and business owners can become stabilized.Each neighborhood is different so there is no “one size fits all.” An overview of a variety of toolsthat can be integrated into the Plan is presented below. The tools are divided into two (2) categories.The first category is housing conservation and rehabilitation, followed by neighborhood protectionand improvement. Althoug h selecting the appropriate tools is i mportant, the key ingredients forsuccess of the Plan will be strong community support and implementation.Housing Conservation and RehabilitationAs discussed previously, York County’s neighborhoods are varied – a small, older borough; a 300-unit suburban subdivision; a retirement community; the City; or a rural crossroads village – and itis important to conserve a ll these neig hborhoods. Homes, re gardless of ty pe, are the c ore of aresidential neighborhood. Thus, conserving the existing housing stock through general maintenanceand, when necessary, rehabilitation, is obligatory to conserve the neighborhood.Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan 195

Housing & Community Development PlanMost housing maintenance and rehabilitation work is done or contracted for by individual propertyowners, however, actions of local government, builders/developers and businesses can also play arole. Relevant to this discussion are appropriate zoning, compatible infill, increased homeownership,effective building and housing codes, increased remodeling, and the rehabilitation of dilapidatedhousing. A brief description of each follows.ZoningSimply defined, zoning is the delineation of districts and the establishment of regulations governingland use, including lot area and the placement, spacing and size of buildings. As much as possible,local zoning should match the character of local residential development. If the current zoning of aparticular municipality requires greater setbacks or lesse r lot cover age th an what exis ts on theground, then property owners may need to get variances for standard renovations or additions to theirhouses. Alternatively, zoning should not be so permissive that improvements or additions to homescould potentially have an adverse impact on adjacent or nearby properties. The goal should be todevelop regulations that are best for the community as a whole.Many municipalities in York County have periodically reviewed their zoning ordinances and maderevisions to existing regulations or added new regulations in an effort to better accommodate thebuilt environment and new types of land use; as well as to implement their adopted ComprehensivePlan. For example, 27 municipalities have zoning ordinances which are ten (10) years old or less.Municipal officials realize that a municipality’s community development objectives will change overtime. In order for the community to develop in a beneficial way, regulations cannot be stagnant.Infill DevelopmentInfill development involves building newhousing or other land uses on underused parcelsor scattered vacant sites in a built up area. It canalso involve demolishing ex isting dilapidatedbuildings and r eplacing the m with newdevelopment. Th rough in fill d evelopment,critical housing ne eds in suburban a nd urbanareas can be addressed. I n addition, infill canimprove bli ghted a reas, c reate mor e via blecommunities, and reduc e the de mand fordevelopment in rural areas.Example of infill development, York CityWith regard to infill development, design is oneof the most essential components. It is vital that the new development fits the existing character ofthe neighborhood in order to gain acceptance and not negatively impact other homes in the area. Afocus on appropriate design is especially critical in historic neighborhoods.The Springettsbury Township Zoning Ordinance delineates a Flexible Development District that isintended to encourage reinvestment and redevelopment in areas that are blighted, underutilized, orhave become a public nuisance. Design standards for this District are intended to provide guidelineswhich will result in development that is unified, harmonious, and of high quality architecture. It is196Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan

Housing & Community Development Planimportant for other municipalities to review their zoning ordinances and make any necessary changesto accommodate infill development.Building CodesIn November of 1999, the Pennsylvania Statewide Uniform Construction Code (UCC), Act 145, wassigned into law. However, it did not become effective until April of 2004. The UCC is nowapplicable to the construction, alter ation, repair, and occupanc y of all buildings in theCommonwealth. Before passage of Act 145, municipalities were not required to have a buildingcode.As noted in Chapter 4 of Part II, the intent of the UCC, with reg ard to housing , is to ensureminimum standards of health and safety for new residential construction, as well as the alterationand repair of existing dwellings. The la w, however, exempts minor repairs a nd non-structuralalterations to residential structures, unless a municipality chooses to administer and enforce suchprovisions.Every municipality is require d to adopt the UCC as its local building c ode, unless it enac ted abuilding code ordinance prior to 1999 that contains provisions which equal or exceed the specificrequirements of the UCC. Municipalities that have a dopted the UCC as t heir building code arepermitted to amend it provided tha t any chang es impose additional and/or more restric tiverequirements than those contained in the State law.With reg ard to re sidential UC C enforc ement, municipalities have two (2) options: municipalenforcement or State enforcement. Only one (1) municipality in York County has opted for Stateenforcement. Under State e nforcement, the De partment of L abor and I ndustry providesadministration and enforcement only for non-residential construction, which by definition includesmulti-family housing. For single family and two family dwellings, the property owner is responsiblefor hiring certified inspectors for necessary reviews and inspectionsAlthough requiring all municipalities to have an adopted building code has had a positive impact,the effectiveness of enforcement varies. Some building code officials (BCO) have more experienceor a re be tter t rained than o thers. I n Jan uary of 20 09, th e YC PC di stributed a Com munityDevelopment Needs Survey. Almost 20% of the municipalities that responded stated that they hada need with regard to code enforcement. This, however, included all local codes and was not limitedto the building code. The State, in cooperation with counties and local municipalities, should exploremethods of expanding low cost or no-cost training for BCO’s as well as funding sources for codeenforcement. In addition, finding a more effective means to deal with absentee landlords would bebeneficial.Another option available to municipalities is adoption of the 2009 International “Existing” BuildingCode (IBC) to complement the UCC. The IBC contains requirements for repair, alteration, addition,and change of occupancy that are intended to encourage the use and reuse of existing buildings,including historic buildings. In essence, the IBC is designed to achieve appropriate levels of safetywithout requiring full compliance with the new construction requirements in the UCC and to offergreater flexibility. Municipalities with a concentration of older dwellings should consider adoptingthis new Code.Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan 197

Housing & Community Development PlanHousing Maintenance CodesProperty owners, including landlords, have the responsibility of maintaining their properties andrepairing any defects or problems. However, this does not always occur, especially in the case ofabsentee landlords, a nd can le ad to hea lth and safe ty issues, cre ating the nee d for a HousingMaintenance Code. A Housing Maintenance Code is a local ordinance that requires all propertyowners to maintain their property and make any necessary repairs. As such, the intent of the Codeis to provide the basic legal tools for ensuring that homes are healthy and safe.Typically, Housing Maintenance Codes set forth minimum standards for housing quality to addresssuch problems as deteriorating paint, faulty gutters, and unsafe stairs or porches. Additionally, theCode pr ovides f or en forcement t hrough in spections, o rders to c orrect vi olations, a nd fi nes.Information gathered during the course of effective enforcement can enable a community to monitorthe quality of its housing stock on a continuing basis.Nevertheless, the me re e xistence of a Ho using Ma intenance Cod e do es n ot g uarantee qu alityhousing. Many municipalities have limited resources, a condition which impacts enforcement. Inorder for a Housing Maintenanc e Code to ef fectively combat property neg lect and improveconditions, the Code must be coupled with strong enforcement.Remodeling and Renovation of HomesAs reported previously in this P lan, almost 25% of the County ’s housing stock was build before1940. In addition, the median age of County residents has increased and the older segments of thepopulation, particularly those over the age of 70 years, is expected to grow significantly into thefuture. These issues, in combination, indicate that more home improvement activity may involveprojects that update kitchens and bathrooms or that improve accessibility and safety for elderlyhousehold members, to allow them to age in-place. With regard to the elderly, the most commonimprovements are first floor additions and reconfigurations of entrance ways to replace steps withramps.Renovation can also include the addition of a deck or siding, replacement windows, a new roof, andother improvements. Many renovations not only improve the structure physically, but also improveenergy efficiency which can result in reduced utility bills. When the renovations involve historicstructures, it is important to encourage the use of materials that maintain the historic integrity of theproperty.The amount of remodeling and renovation activity occurring in an older neighborhood provides anindication of neighborhood viability. Also, when improvements are made to a few homes, it canspur owners of other homes, whether they be owner or rental properties, to d o likewise. Thisdemonstrates an increased level of community pride and stability. Such improvements typicallyincrease the home resale value and make the neighborhood more attractive.Home imp rovements c an b e c ostly to a ny ho meowner, bu t th ese c osts c an b ecome e speciallyburdensome to p eople on lim ited o r f ixed inc omes. F inancial a ssistance fo r l ower i ncomehomeowners may be available through the County’s Home Improvement Program or City’s Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Program if the renovations address substandard conditions (see discussionunder Rehabilitation of Substandard Housing). An other source of assistance for lower income198Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan

Housing & Community Development Planhouseholds, particula rly the elder ly, the disabled, a nd fami lies with children, is the County ’sWeatherization Progr am. This Prog ram provide s financial, technica l, and/or direc t serviceassistance for projects to improve the energy efficiency of homes, therebyreducing heating and cooling costs. Fur thermore, assistance to modifyhomes of persons with permanent disabilities, in an effort to increase theirindependence and ability to f unction effectively, is available to e ligiblehouseholds through the York County Home Improvement Program (HIP),the Yo rk City Ow ner-Occupied Re habilitation Program, a nd the PAAccessible Housing Program administered by the Center for Independent Home modificationLiving Opportunities.Additionally, both PHFA and USDA Rural Development administer “renovate and repair” programsthat are available to assist lower income households. Municipalities and community assistanceagencies need to become more aware of these Programs so that they can assist with marketing themto individuals or families in need.Rehabilitation of Substandard HousingYork County, like most communities, has its share of substandard or dilapidated housing units thatcan be neighborhood nuisances. Depending on the severity of the blight, some units remain occupiedwhile others are, or will become, abandoned.An optimal scenario would be for the property owner to renovate or rehabilitate the home to preventit from being abandoned or reaching the point where rehabilitation becomes cost prohibitive. Onceit reaches the cost- prohibitive point, demolit ion of thedilapidated or abandoned structure is likely th e bestoption. This results in an opportunity to construct a new“infill” unit or, alternatively, the vacant lot could becomea neighborhood park or greenspace. In either case, thereare significant benefits to the community.As previously noted, York County Home ImprovementProgram (HIP) and the York City Owner-Oc cupiedRehabilitation Program are designed to help incomeeligibleresident homeowners eradicate substandardhousing conditions. These Programs provide financialand te chnical a ssistance fo r h omeowners to ob tainnecessary repairs and bring their homes into standardcondition. In addition, York County has on occasionpartnered with other entities, such as Housing Allianceof York, Habitat for Humanity, and municipalities, toturn a blighted property into a livable and valuable partof the neighborhood.Before and after photos of a dilapidatedhousing unit which was demolished and rebuiltA new initiative, called the Neighborhood StabilizationProgram ( NSP), is u nderway in Y ork Co unty. N SPtargets communities which contain a hig h number ofRebuilt home, Red Lion BoroughNeighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan 199

Housing & Community Development Planproperties with subprime mortgages. One of the purpose s of NSP is t o purchase foreclosed orabandoned homes , then either rehabilitate, resell or r edevelop the homes so that they become aviable part of, rather than a liability to, the community. A more detailed description of the Programis provided in Chapter IV.Home OwnershipHousing tenure is another good indicator of the health of a community. As noted in Chapter 4, thetotal County’s rate of home ownership was 77% in 2000. Considering the balance of the County (notincluding York City), the home ownership rate was 81%, while the City’s rate of was lower, at 46%.While home ownership is important for neighborhood stability, rental units do play an importantrole by providing additional housing choices for local residents. Research indicates that it isimportant and healthful for communities to maintain a mix of renter- and owner-occupied units.According to the 2000 Census, the perc entage of ow ner-occupied homes in York County ’smunicipalities ranged from a low of 40.7% in York City to a high of 90.8% in We st ManheimTownship.As outlined in Chapter 2, there are a variety of home ownership assistance programs available toYork Cou nty re sidents. I t w ould b e be neficial f or mun icipalities th at se ek to inc rease the irpercentage of owner-occupied homes to become aware of these programs. A brief description ofeach is provided below:• York First Time Homebuyers Assistance Program: provides down payment and closing costassistance to eligible County and City residents as a forgivable loan. It is implemented inconjunction with the Realtor s Association of York and Adams Counties, the City’s Bureau ofHousing Services, and the Housing Alliance of York.• PHFA a nd USDA Rural De velopment Homeowne rship Prog rams: prov ide a numbe r ofopportunities for lower income families to purchase homes.• Turnkey Homeownership Program: is offered by the York Housing Authority as an opportunityfor eligible tenants to become owners of their units through a lease/purchase arrangement. TheProgram combines workshops and a rent payment set-aside initiative.• Affordable Housing Trust Fund: is comprised of County dollars re sulting from fe es to rec orddeeds and mortgages. These funds a re used in a var iety of wa ys to assist homebuy ers in theCounty.Neighborhood Protection and ImprovementAs stated previously, housing is the major component of residential neighborhoods, but an array ofother facilities and land uses, whe ther a part of, or adjacent to, the neig hborhood, can influenceneighborhood character. Careful planning and design is necessary to assure that facilities and landuses within the neighborhood exist in harmony and, thus, do not adversely impact the neighborhoodin whole or in par t. Some policies and ac tions that mi ght protect a nd improve re sidentialneighborhoods are described in the succeeding sections.200Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan

Housing & Community Development PlanIncompatible Land UsesIncompatible land uses can introduce noise, light, odors and other environmental disturbances to aneighborhood. Municipal officials can eliminate and/or minimize the effect incompatible land useshave on ne ighborhoods throug h the enactment and enf orcement of appr opriate zoning andsubdivision and land development ordinance provisions. For example, when non-residential usesare permitted in reside ntial neig hborhoods, they should be restric ted in siz e and sc ale, plusappropriate setbacks, off-street parking, lighting, and buffering (ex. fences, landscaping) should berequired to reduce the potential for adverse impacts. Additional setbacks and buffering should alsobe considered for non-residential uses that abut a residential neighborhood. Mixed use developmentcan be desirable when regulated appropriately.Another option fo r municipalities is to make exis ting incompatible uses within neighbor hoodsnonconforming use s. As define d by Section 107 of the PA Municipalities Planning Code, anonconforming use is a use of land or a structure which does not comply with the applicable useprovisions in a zoning or dinance, but which exist ed prior to a doption of the curr ent ordinance.Nonconforming uses are permitted to continue, but expansion of such uses is typically limited and,if abandoned, they must be converted to a conforming or compatible use.On the other hand and as stated previously, residential neighborhoods in rural areas are generallyconsidered incompatible with agricultural land uses. The primary intent of rural areas, as per theGrowth Management Plan component of the County Comprehensive Plan, is to protect and preserveagricultural land a nd sensitive natura l features. Many rural munic ipalities in the County haveenacted agricultural protection zo ning provisions which restrict the number of dwelling rightspermitted in agricultural and/or conservation zoning districts. Further, several municipalities requirea note to be added to subdivision and land development plans that propose new residential lots inagricultural and/or conservation zones. The note warns future purchasers of the lots that the primaryuse of the zoning district is agricultural and “residents must expect things such as the smell of farmanimals and the manure they produce, toxic chemicals, slow moving agricultural machinery on localroads, and other by-products of agricultural activity.” Th e int ent i s h ave po tential r esidentsseriously consider the realities of living in a rural area before they purchase a lot or home in an efortto minimize future use conflicts and complaints.Redevelopment of BrownfieldsThe Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection defines brownfields as “abandoned, idle,or under-used industrial and commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is complicatedby real or perceived environmental contamination.”Brownfields, which are often perceived as eyesores anddetriments to communities, often pose huge challenges forredevelopment. However, Pennsylvania’s Land RecyclingProgram has been successful in making redevelopment oradaptive reuse of such sites more attractive.Depending on their location and/or level of contamination,brownfields can ha ve a ne gative impact on r esidentialneighborhoods. Si tes w ithin o r a djacent t o r esidentialneighborhoods should primarily be re developed for Hanover BoroughNeighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan 201

Housing & Community Development Planresidential or institutional uses that would improve compatibility. One such example is the formerHanover Shoe Company in Hanover Borough which has been converted to apartments.Another o ption would b e re development a s a mixe d u se pr oject th at w ould e ntail r esidential,commercial, office, and public/semi-public uses on a sc ale that would be compatible with theneighborhood. Incorporating green space into the design also aids in achieving compatibility. Toassure the successful redevelopment of brownfields in and adjacent to residential neighborhoods, itwould be advisable for developers to involve residents of adjacent neighborhoods, local businessowners, and municipal officials as partners in the planning process.There are a variety of brownfields programs available through the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA). Such prog rams ca n provide f unding a nd technica l assistance f or brownf ieldsassessment and cleanup, as well as environmental job training. EPA often facilitates the leveragingof public resources, by collaborating with ot her Federal and state a gencies to identify and makeavailable resources that can be used for brownfields activities.On the State level, the Department of Community and Economic Development (DCED) administersthe Core Communities Housing Program (CCHP), formerly the Brownfields for Housing Program,which provide s State-funde d g rants for aff ordable h ousing activities in core communities onpreviously develope d (brownf ield) sites. The pr ojects ca n involve either ne w or re habilitatedhousing developments. Four (4) affordable housing projects in York County have received fundingthrough this Program. These projects include Gateway Family Apartments in West York Borough,Hanover Senior Residences in Hanover Borough, Hopewell Courtyards in Stewartstown Borough,and Stony Br ook Gar dens in Springe ttsbury Township. Additio nally, the Depa rtment ofEnvironmental Protection (DEP), through the Office of Community Revitalization an d L ocalGovernment Support, administers a var iety of funding and transactional support prog rams forbrownfields redevelopment.Downtown and Adjacent Neighborhood RevitalizationIn York Count y, the term “ downtown” is often only associate d with York City , howeve r“downtown” types of areas are located throughout the County. These areas include commercial ormixed used corridors and zones in townships and central business districts in boroughs. Viabledowntown areas, regardless of the location, are beneficial to the surrounding neighborhoods.Like other urban areas, York County’s urban downtowns have experienced out-migration of bothresidents and businesses. Boarded buildings and empty storefronts are now evident on streets thatwere once prosperous. Many such areas are plagued by declining property values, negative imageand pe rceptions o f p oor p ublic sa fety. B eyond th e Cou nty’s ur ban c ore, d owntown a reas intownships and boroughs are also struggling to some extent. Small business owners in all downtownareas are finding it difficult to compete w ith the larg er “big box” stores a nd regional shoppingcenters and malls. In some instances, municipalities have not focused on nurturing, maintaining, andpromoting their downtowns which are key elements in sustaining the viability of such areas.202Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan

Housing & Community Development PlanThe tax base of a municipality declines a s downtown ar easflounder. See king to r everse this trend, communi ties aresearching for ways to revitalize their downtowns by encouragingthe reuse of vacant buildings, expanding the use of underutilizedbuildings, allowing for live/work units, developing streetscapeplans, making parking improvements, changing traffic patterns,and hosting events/ac tivities. Concurr ently, comm unities areseeking to improve the adjacent residential neighborhoods. In theMarket Street, Downtown Yorkpast, many communities discovered that, when revitalization onlyoccurred in the immediate downtown area, the surrounding blighted residential area hindered, ratherthan assisted, such efforts. Thus, it is important to focus on both areas.Revitalization efforts can result in expanded business, employment, and shopping opportunities, aswell as enhanced property values; all of which are vital to improving the tax base. Other notableoutcomes of a successful revitalization prog ram are increased social activity and a stre ngthenedquality of life. Ac cording to the PA Downtown Center, one of the most important goa ls of arevitalization program should be to cr eate a “sense of place” which is considered to be a crucialstfactor in 21 century economic development. “A sense of place describes the various characteristicsthat give a particular neighborhood or community its own unique flavor. Increasingly, this uniqueflavor, or character, of a community is being understood as a valuable, driving force behindlocational decisions being made by the entrepreneurs, innovators and creators of the NewEconomy.”To spearhead and provide assistance to revitalize older downtown and adjacent residential areas, theCommonwealth created the Main Street and Elm Street Programs and administers them through theDepartment of Community and Economic Development (DCED). The intent of the Main StreetProgram is to enhance the business districts of Pennsylvania’s core communities, while the ElmStreet Program is intended to improve the olde r historic neig hborhoods located within walkingdistance of a revitalized “Main Street.” Together, these Programs can create healthier neighborhoodsthat become interwoven with the revitalized business district, establishing a sense of place and animproved quality of life. It is also important to note that both Programs strongly encourage theinvolvement of the business community , residents, priva te non-prof it ag encies, and otherstakeholders when planning for any revitalization project. Ove r the past few years, a number ofmunicipalities in York County, such as West York Borough, Red Lion Borough, Dillsburg Borough,Hanover Borough and York City, have received funding to revitalize their “Ma in Street” and/oradjacent residential neighborhood.Vacant Shopping Center RevitalizationThere are many community and neighborhood shopping centers located throughout the County. Inrecent years, some of these ar eas have experienced high vacancy rates or have been a bandonedentirely. T here a re a lso c ases where a run-down older shopping c enter has b een s uccessfullytransformed into a new, viable center. An example is the former Delco Plaza in West ManchesterTownship which has been redeveloped into the Delco Town Center.Some older shopping centers may only need a facelift to attract new businesses or encourage existingbusinesses to expand. However, some centers, like the former Delco Plaza in West ManchesterNeighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan 203

Housing & Community Development PlanTownship, may need to be totally redeveloped. Further, depending on location, a site may be moresuitable for a change of use, such as offices, mixed uses, institutions, or residential uses.When re vitalizing s hopping ce nters, at tention s hould be given t o p arking, ac cess, l andscaping,signage, and other features. Improvements to these features can enhance the overall appearance ofthe shopping center making it more attractive to new businesses. In addition, opportunities to createpedestrian linkages to adjacent residential neighborhoods should be pursued.Provision and Maintenance of Open Space and Community FacilitiesOpen space, whether improved or unimproved, gives neighborhoods an appealing appearance andenhanced quality of life. I n some instances, it ca n reduc e temper atures, g lare, and pollution.Neighborhood open space can include parks, sports fields, wooded areas, and walking paths. Thesetypes of open space areas provide opportunities for active and/or passive outdoor recreation.Stream corridors, natural areas, and other environmentally sensitive land should be maintained andpreserved in residential neighborhoods, to the greatest extent possible. “Conservation by Design”is a ty pe of residential deve lopment that focuses on the protection of natural r esources. Otheralternative forms of residential development, such as planned residential development, traditionalneighborhood development, cluster development and open space development, require a certainpercentage of the site to be retained as open space. Within these developments, the open space istypically owned and maintained by a homeowners association. Many municipalities in the Countyprovide for these alternative development options in residential zoning districts.The York County Open Space and Greenways Plan component of the York County ComprehensivePlan further discusses open space on a County level, providing more detail on existing open spaceareas, as well as areas most suited for future preservation efforts. It also sets forth strate gies forimplementing the Plan.In a ddition to o pen s pace, th e a ppeal of a ne ighborhood is s tronglyinfluenced by other community facilities such as schools, public libraries,police and fire services, and healthcare facilities. These facilities not onlyprovide essential services, but also create a sense of identity. Efforts shouldbe made to maintain and improve these important community facilities andthe services provided in a cost effective manner. When facilities are ownedYorkana Fire Companyand maintained by a municipality, a Capital Improvements Plan should beadopted as a tool to plan appropriately for their ongoing maintenance and related improvements.Provision and Maintenance of Street TreesTree lined streets c an create an aesthetically pleasing neighborhood,plus trees yield the added benefits of reducing runoff, street noise, andparticulate a ir po llution; p roviding sh ade; a nd incr easing pr opertyvalues. A number of municipalities in the County, through subdivisionand land development ordinances, require the planting of street trees inconjunction with residential development.Residential street204Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan

Housing & Community Development PlanMunicipalities that require street trees, typically also regulate them. Common provisions relate tothe types of trees that can be planted, planting standards (minimum size, spacing and setbacks), andmaintenance. Regulations are needed to prevent tree roots from damaging roads, curbs, sidewalks,or underground utiliti es; to preve nt branches from interfering with overhead wires, e mergencyvehicle access, street lighting, street signs, and driver vision; to prevent debris accumulation in drainsand culverts; and to avoid trees from becoming a nuisance or hazard. Without proper regulationsand enforcement, street trees can become more of an annoyance than a benefit.In cases where the trees are maintained by the municipality, such as those located in public street orother municipal rights-of-way, consideration should be give n to establishing a tree managementprogram. The Program would establish a routine maintenance schedule and set forth guidance fornew plantings and replantings.In response to a sig nificant loss of tr ees in the metropolitan ar eas of the Commonwealth, theDepartment of Conserva tion and Natura l Resource s (DCNR) cr eated the Tre eVitalize MetrosProgram. This is a public-private partnership designed to help restore tree cover, educate residentsabout tree planting a nd car ing f or the e nvironment, and building th e capacity among localgovernments to protect and restore trees in urban areas. Through this Program, which is expectedto be initiated in York County by the end of 2009, municipalities can apply for grants to purchasetrees.Traffic and Transportation System ManagementAs population increases, so does the amount of traffic. This is evident along the County’s majorthoroughfares. T o av oid co ngested ro ads, m any d rivers s eek al ternate r outes, o ften t hroughresidential neighborhoods. The result is increased traffic volumes, often higher rates of speed, andpotentially unsafe conditions on residential streets. Traffic management measures should be takento deter cut-through traffic and, likewise, increase neighborhood safety for pedestrians and bicyclists.Installation of traffic calming device s, that alter stre etdesign to encourage safer driving speeds, is one tool toaddress this issue. Among the common traf fic calmingdevices are speed tables, speed humps, traffic circles, bulbouts, radar speed sign s, narr ower street widths atintersections, and designated bicycle lanes separated by aphysical barrier. Many of these devices are being used inmunicipalities throughout the County. For example, bulbouts h ave be en in stalled a long Ea stern B oulevard inSpringettsbury Township and a tr affic circl e has be eninstalled on SR 116 in Spring Grove Borough.Municipal zoning and subdivision and land developmentordinances s hould co ntain t ransportation s ystem d esignThese bulb outs reduce the speed of driversgoing through this residential neighborhoodstandards to create/sustain safe and desirable neighborhoods. Further, municipalities should adopta capital improvements plan as a tool to maintain the transportation system infrastructure. Roadwayswith pot holes, crumbling shoulders, and deteriorating curbs and/or sidewalks not only create safetyand dr ainage pr oblems, b ut h ave a ne gative imp act on the ne ighborhood vis ually a nd fr om aNeighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan 205

Housing & Community Development Planpedestrian standpoint. Together, design standards, maintenance, and traffic management measurescan retain and/or improve neighborhood character and safety, and reduce liability.Improved Public SafetyWhen residents do not feel secure, it upsets the neighborhood or community sense of well-being.There are some simple measures that can be taken to improve public safety. One is to establish a“Community Crime Watch,” which is an organized group(s) of neighborhood residents who watchout for criminal and suspicious behavior and report it to local law enforcement. This measure helpsto prevent crime, promote neighborhood security, and promote cooperation among residents andpolice. Community Crime Watches can address all types of crime, but their primary focus is usuallyburglary and vandalism. Their presence can also serve to deter drug- or gang-related activities in theneighborhood.Another measure is to install efficient street lighting or, as an interim measure, encourage residentsto use outside lighting on their individual properties, such as porch lights, lamp posts, and motiondetectors. The additional illumination improves visibility and often results in more residents beingoutdoors, b oth o f w hich c an d eter c riminal o r m ischievous a ctivity. I mproved l ighting a lsodemonstrates community investment which typically increases community pride and cohesiveness,yielding a tendency for residents to institute natural surveillance and look out for one another.Reduction of Environmental RisksAs previously discussed, environmental risks, such as increased flooding, contaminated groundwater,and polluted air, can result from development that occurs on or in the vicinity of sensitive naturalareas, such as floodplains, wetlands, springs, river/stream corridors, woodlands, steep slope terrain,and wellhead protection areas. Such risks can also be caused by unhealthy emissions from industrialfacilities into the air or runoff from impervious surfaces into waterways.In an effort to reduce environmental hazards associated with development, several municipalitieshave enacted specific zoning and/or subdivision and land development ordinance provisions toprotect critical environmental areas. Some municipaliti es have also opted to adopt stand alonestormwater and/or floodplain management ordinances.Provisions typically restrict development in sensitive areas in an effort to limit soil loss, erosion,stormwater runoff, and removal of vegetation. Further, municipalities may require riparian buffersalong waterways and the use ofpervious materials for driveways/parking areas to protect the physicalintegrity of streams/rivers and, ultimately, water quality. All municipalities in the County shouldidentify sensitive areas that need to be protected in Comprehensive Plan, then enact and enforce thenecessary ordinance provisions to protect the identified resources. Through such p rovisions,municipalities should strive to maintain natural topography, ridgelines, and drainage patterns, as wellas ensure continuing replenishment of g round water resources. This will aid in protecting theenvironment locally and beyond.With re spect to fl oodplains, it is i n th e be st i nterest o f p roperty ow ners to comply wi th t heircommunity’s floodplain re gulations and for c ommunities t o enfor ce suc h reg ulations. W henregulations are violate d and/or not enf orced, flood insuranc e rates for a ll policy holders may beincreased or the insurance may be discontinued by the National Flood Insurance Program. Property206Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan

Housing & Community Development Planowners will need to demonstrate compliance with local floodplain management regulations whenapplying for a building permit. The goal is to assure that any development or change of use withina floodplain will not increase the risk of flooding locally, on adjacent properties, or down stream.Some municipalities have enacted environmental performance standards to prevent or reduce thepotential for air, noise and light pollution; all of which can impact neighborhood desirability andquality of life. The key is the enforcement of the regulations and not all municipalities have thenecessary tools to do so.Another tool being used by municipalities to protect the environment, particularly in rural areas, isOn-Lot Disposal System (OLDS) Ordinances. These ordinances contain regulations regarding theinspection and maintenance, including regular pumping, of on-lot septic systems in an effort toprevent malfunctions and contamination of the groundwater. F rom a public health and safetystandpoint, it would be advantageous for all municipalities with properties served by on-lot systemsto adopt and enforce such an ordinance.At times, however, malfunctioning on-lot systems cannot be repaired which poses threats to publichealth and safety. In such cases, extension of public sewer or development of a community sewagetreatment system may be the only viable option. The County Comprehensive Plan encourages theoptions in growth areas, but strongly discourages the extension of public sewer or the developmentof community systems in rural areas. Within rural areas, public sewer extension or installation ofa community system is only considered acceptable when necessary to address existing health andsafety issues. Th e County Planning Commission admini sters a Sewer Hook-Up Program whichprovides financial and technical assistance to eligible property owners who are required to connectto public sanitary sewer.SummaryThis Chapter presented an overview of residential neighborhoods and a variety of factors that canimpact neighborhood character and quality of life. In an effort to sustain residential neighborhoods,the concept of Neighborhood Conservation Plans was introduced and a number of tools and actionsthat can be integrated into such a Plan were discussed. Additional information on some of the toolscan be found i n other components of the County Comprehensive Plan or in the “ Planning andImplementation Tools: Creating Sustainable and Successful Communities” report prepared by theYCPC staff. The Planning and Implementation Tools report also contains information regardingwhich municipalities are using the identified tools so that they can be contacted regarding theirexperiences. Any measures that can be taken to conserve/improve existing neighborhoods will helpto retain and enhance the overall desirability of York County as a place to live.Neighborhood Conservation and Enhancement Plan 207

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

PART IV:Community Development Plan

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 1General Introduction to theCommunity Development PlanWhat Is Community Development?In the broadest sense, community development is the physical, social, and economic framework ofa community and serves as a catalyst for creating sustainable cities, towns, and neighborhoods. Thephysical component includes housing, in frastructure, and community facilities; all of which a reprovided for the bene fit of the pe rsons who live in the community . The socia l componentencompasses an array of services that can be provided to residents in an effort to address needs andimprove the quality of life. It also relates to intangible elements such as image, spirit, character, andpride which are important to creating a strong sense of belonging and connection to the community.Finally, the economic component involves ac tivities that i ncrease economic opportunities in thecommunity.Inherent in all the components of community development is “planning.” Through the planningprocess, the physical, social, and economic components become integrated in an effort to achievea community’s vision for the future. Pl anning also serves to bring the community together toidentify needs and develop a strategy to meet the needs.Although the physical component includes both housing and infrastructure, this Part of the Housingand Community Development Plan will focus only on infrastructure. Housing was addressed inPart II.Categories of Community DevelopmentIn k eeping wi th t he de finition a bove, thi s Pla n s ets f orth f ive (5 ) c ategories o f c ommunitydevelopment. Th is i ncludes Pu blic F acility a nd I nfrastructure I mprovements, Pu blic Se rvices,Economic Development, Planning, and Other. These categories, with the exception of “ Other,”reflect the eligible activity categories identified by HUD for the Community Development BlockGrant (CDBG) Program. A brief description of each is provided below.Public Facility and Infrastructure ImprovementsThis categ ory embra ces a full rang e of public f acilities andinfrastructure. I t also includes the re moval of blig htinginfluences that contribute to the deterioration of a community, aswell as historic preservation activities.Public facilities are ty pically built to serve people in thecommunity and enha nce the quality of life. The y range fromsenior centers, child care centers, and handicapped centers to Flood Mitigation, Felton Boroughparks, libraries, and fire stations. Although public facilities tendGeneral Introduction to the Community Development Plan 211

Housing & Community Development Planto be public in their operations and activities, they can be owned and operated by either governmentor nonprofit agencies.Infrastructure improvements not only provide for a safe and healthy environment, but also create afoundation for economic development activities. The most notable improvements are streets, curbs,sidewalks (including handicapped accessibility), water, and sewer, but they can also include flooddrainage, solid waste disposal and other improvements. I nfrastructure can be under public,cooperative, or private ownership.Public ServicesWithin this category are an array of community and supportiveservices that are geared to meeting the needs of individuals andfamilies. Among the most common are e mployment andtraining, substance abus e, y outh, senior, handica pped,transportation, and domestic violence services. Such servicesare intended to help residents secure and sustain employment,move toward self-sufficiency, improve life skills, overcomeaddictions, and improve their quality of life.ADA Accessibility Improvements, WestYork Borough BuildingEconomic DevelopmentEconomic development relates not only to activities that stimulate or retain businesses and jobs, butalso t o act ivities th at i ncrease e conomic opportunities for res idents o f t he co mmunity. Bymaintaining a diverse mix of businesses, the tax base of a municipality is strengthened and the abilityto provide services is increased. Factors such as infrastructure improvements, affordable housingfor workers, and adequate public facilities and services are important ingredients for retainingexisting businesses, as well as making communities attractive to potential employers.PlanningPlanning is a n im portant c omponent o f c ommunitydevelopment. It provides a means to identify communityneeds a nd develop a “ plan” to a ddress t he ne eds.Comprehensive Plans, Master Site Pl ans, C apitalImprovement Plans, and Neig hborhoodConservation/Revitalization Plans are notable. I t alsoprovides opportunities to adopt var ious tools, s uch aszoning o rdinances, s ubdivision/land d evelopmentordinances, and official map ordinanc es, asimplementing actions. Through planning, the livabilityand viability of communities throughout the County canbe improved.Heidelberg and West Manheim Townships ComprehensivePlanOtherThis category includes activities that fall outside the realm of previously discussed categories, yetare often critical to community development endeavors. Partnerships, coordination, cooperation,212General Introduction to the Community Development Plan

Housing & Community Development Planoutreach, and education are all important to the success of many community development efforts.There is much to be learned by working together and transcending municipal boundaries.Funding of Community Development ActivitiesCommunity development a ctivities can be funded throug h a var iety of Fed eral, State and localprograms, as well as private and non-profit investment. Most often a single activity is funded bymultiple sources. Some prog rams, such as the Federal CDBG Program, are administered by theCounty and the City. Also both the City and the County serve as an information and referral centerfor data on funding sources and programs administered by other agencies.In York County, many community development activities receive funding assistance through eitherthe City or County CDBG Program. However, to receive assistance, projects must be both eligibleand fundable. Eligible CDBG activities include public facilities and improvements, public services,economic de velopment, and planning, w hich a re c onsistent w ith the c ategories o f c ommunitydevelopment described above.To be fundable, a proposed project must satisfy one (1) or more national objectives of the CDBGProgram based on the service area. The national objectives are as follows:!Principally Benefit Low- and Moderate-Income Persons"Benefits will be available to all residents in a particular service area where a majority of theresidents are low- and moderate-income persons, OR"Benefits will be available to a limited clientele, a ma jority of whom ar e low-and moderateincomepersons.!Address Slum/Blight on an Area or Spot Basis"Area Basis: Activity is located in an area officially designated as a “slum or blight area” OR asubstantial portion of d eteriorated buildings and/or infrastructure exists in t he area AND itaddresses one or more conditions which attributed to the area’s deterioration."Spot Basis: D eteriorated buildings and/or infrastructure, including historic struc tures, ANDactivity specifically addresses the conditions of blight and decay.!Create or Retain Permanent Jobs"Activity is designed to create or retain permanent jobs where a majority of the jobs computedon a full-time equivalent basis involve the employment of low- and moderate-income persons.Public facility and improvement activities usually meet the “benefitting low- and moderate-incomepersons based on a service area” national objective. However, public facility activities involvingonly ADA improvements are considered to “benefit a limited clientele” presumed to be low- andmoderate-income persons. I n cases, where benefit to low- and mode rate-income persons is notevident, the a ddressing “slum and blig ht on an ar ea or spot basis” national objective may beapplicable.Public service activities typically meet the “benefitting low- and moderate-income persons based ona limited clientele” national objective, w hile economic de velopment activities usually meet the“create or re tain permanent jobs” na tional objective. I n the ca se of planning activities, they arepresumed to benefit low- and moderate-income persons.General Introduction to the Community Development Plan 213

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 2Community Development Needs AssessmentIntroductionThis Chapter will discuss Communi ty Development needs in the a reas of public fa cilities andinfrastructure, public services, planning, economic development, and other, as defined in theprevious Chapter. To determine needs in these categories, several sources were used. Included werea Community Development Needs Survey, Human Services Needs Assessment, Three Year FundingPlan A pplications, th e Ho using Sum mit, th e Yo rk Count y Com prehensive Pla n, a nd pu blicmeetings/hearings.Community Development Needs SurveyAs stated above, one of t he methods used to obtain input concerning needs was a CommunityDevelopment Needs Survey. In January of 2009, the York County Planning Commission distributedthe Survey to the 72 municipalities located within the County, as well to a number of social serviceproviders, s tate a nd loc al r epresentatives, a nd oth er e ntities. F orty-three (4 3) munici palities,including a mix of boroughs and townships, responded yielding a municipal response rate of 51%.In addition, there were six (6) social service agencies which responded to the Survey.The Community Development Needs survey addressed five (5) categories with each category listingseven (7) to sixteen (16) specific needs, for a total of 39 specific needs. The five (5) categories were: Public Facilities Infrastructure Social Services Economic Development Planning and ImplementationOf the five (5) categories, the highest ranked specific needs were in Infrastructure and EconomicDevelopment. Following the category of Economic Development, in order of ranking, was Planningand Implementation, Social Services, and Public Facilities.Below is a discussion of the specific needs within each of category. The number in (), following aspecific need, indicates how many responders listed the activity as a need. The accompanying tableslist each of the specific needs, by category, together with the number of times it was listed as a nedand the percentage of responders that listed it as a need.Public Facilities NeedsThere were eight (8) specific needs listed in the category of Public Facilities on the Survey whichtogether were identified as a need 94 times. The top three (3) needs identified, based on the totalnumber of respondents listing the facility as a need, included: youth center (19), parks/recreationfacilities (14), and handicapped center (12). When looking at the entire survey, taking all 39 specificCommunity Development Needs Assessment 215

Housing & Community Development Planneeds into consideration, youth center ranked thirteenth in the number of times it was listed as aneed.Pubic Facility NeedNumber of timeslisted as a need% ofRespondersYouth Center 19 44%Parks/Recreation Facilities 14 32%Handicapped Center 12 28%Health Facilities 11 26%Child Care Center 10 23%Transitional Housing 10 23%Parking Facilities 9 21%Senior Center 9 21%Infrastructure NeedsThe Infrastructure category listed seven (7) specific needs which, in total, were indicated as a need176 times. The top three (3) needs identified, based on the total number of respondents listing theitem as a ne ed, included: s treet improvements (36), storm dra inage improveme nts (33), andcurbs/sidewalks improvements (30). Of the total 39 specific needs addressed in the entire Survey,these infrastructure needs also ranked the highest with 84% of responders noted a need for streetimprovements, 7 7% fo r s torm dr ainage imp rovements, a nd 70 % f or c urb a nd sid ewalkimprovements.Infrastructure NeedNumber of timeslisted as a need% ofRespondersStreet Improvements 36 84%Storm Drainage Improvements 33 77%Curb/Sidewalk Improvements 30 70%Public/Private Water Improvements 24 56%Handicapped Access 20 47%Sanitary Sewer Line Extension 17 40%Flood Control 16 37%Social Services NeedsIn the Social Service s category, there were nine ( 9) specific needs listed which, in total, wer eindicated as a need 133 times. The top three (3) primary needs identified, based on the total numberof respondents listing the service as a need, included: youth services (22), substance abuse servicesand employment services (both receiving16 votes), and mental health services (15). It is interesting216Community Development Needs Assessment

Housing & Community Development Planto note that while youth services were identified as the most significant Social Service need, youthcenters was identified as the primary Public Facility need.Social Service NeedNumber of timeslisted as a need% ofRespondersYouth 22 51%Substance Abuse 16 37%Employment 16 37%Mental Health 15 35%Services for the Disabled 13 30%Homeless 14 33%Legal 12 28%Housing Counseling 11 26%Economic Development NeedsThe Survey listed nine (9) specific needs in the Economic Development category which togetherwere identified as a need 183 times. The top three (3) needs identified, based on the total number ofrespondents listing it as a need, included: commercial/industrial redevelopment (26), retaining orincreasing jobs/tax base (25), and improving commercial/industrial infrastructure (24). Of the 39specific needs In the entire Survey, commercial/industrial redevelopment and retaining or increasingththjobs/tax base ranked fourth (4 ) and fifth (5 ).Economic Development NeedNumber of timeslisted as a need% ofRespondersCommercial/Industrial Redevelopment 26 60%Retaining or Increasing Jobs/Tax Base 25 58%Improving Commercial/Industrial Infrastructure 24 56%Commercial/Industrial Retention 21 49%Training Opportunities 21 49%Public Transportation 20 47%New Businesses Needed 17 40%Technical Assistance 16 37%Micro Enterprise Development 13 30%Community Development Needs Assessment 217

Housing & Community Development PlanPlanning and Implementation NeedsThere were 16 specific needs listed in the category of Planning and Implementation on the Surveywhich, in total, were noted as a need 179 times. The top four (4) needs identified, based on the totalnumber of respondents listing it as a need, included: alternative energy provisions (19), energyefficiency provisions (18), capital improvements plan (16), and traffic impact fee ordinance (15).Planning and Implementation NeedNumber of timeslisted as a need% ofRespondersAlternative Energy Provisions 19 44%Energy Efficiency Provisions 18 42%Capital Improvement Plan 16 37%Traffic Impact Fee Ordinance 15 35%Historic Preservation Provisions 12 28%Official Map Ordinance 12 28%Access Management Ordinance 11 26%Recreation Plan 11 26%Agricultural Preservation Provisions 9 21%Financial Management Plan 9 21%Comprehensive Plan 9 21%Zoning Ordinance 9 21%Subdivision/Land Development Ordinance 8 19%Act 537 Plan 7 16%Stormwater Management Ordinance 7 16%Code Enforcement 7 16%Human Services Needs AssessmentIn 2007, the York County Human Services Division, the United Way of York County, the YorkCounty Planning Commission, and the City of York Department of Community Development andHealth Bureau, and the United Way of York County formed a collaborative team for the purpose of(1) assessing the performance of existing human service programs in meeting the needs of residents,(2) identifying unmet needs or g aps in services, and (3) projecting future needs through the year2020. The team contracted with the Public Consulting Group (PCG), who specializes in assistingstate and county health and human services departments with performance improvements, to carryout the needs assessment.218Community Development Needs Assessment

Housing & Community Development PlanThe Needs Assessment was conducted in three (3) phases. Phase Iinvolved collecting and analyzinghistorical, current, and projected data from all members of the collaborative team, including each ofthe nine (9) departments that are part of the York County Human Services Division. A number ofstakeholders were also interviewed during the initial phase. In Phase II, PCG conducted an analysisto determine any current gaps or barriers between the identified needs of the va rious populationgroups and the current abilities of the countywide human services system to meet the needs. Thefinal Phase consisted of an a nalysis of the future capabilities of human service s programs in theCounty to meet projected human service needs.Findings / NeedsWith regard to Community Development, the Human Services Needs Assessment identified needsin the Public Services category, as follows:• The projected demand for public services by youth, disabled, and aging populations will not bemet by current levels of service in the County. Expanded services and programs will be needed.• The projected need for human service transportation, as it relates to the delivery of services, willput a strain on the current system. Expanded coverage of fixed route buses and availability ofparatransit routes and/or implementation of a volunteer drivers program may be needed.• There is a need to develop a c entralized management information system for human servicesdelivery in order to improve communication and coordination among providers and eliminatethe need for multiple intakes for different services by consumers.• Both c urrent a nd f uture n eeds e xist f or a ffordable a nd c onvenient c hild c are s ervices. Inparticular, additional slots for subs idized child care are needed to meet the nee ds of lowerincome working parents. There is also a high need for child care during second and third shifts.Three Year Funding Plan (2009-2011) ApplicationsIn February of 2008, the County of York solicited applications for public facilities and infrastructure,public service, and planning activities for the CDBG Program for Program Years 2009-2011. A“Request for Proposals (RFP)” was sent to all municipalities in the County, excluding York City,as we ll as to severa l non-profit organ izations. I n addition, the RFP was published in localnewspapers and placed on the York County Planning Commission website.A total of 152 applications were received by the due date of June 6, 2008, which included 93 publicfacilities and infr astructure improveme nt applications, 17 public services applica tions, and 35planning a pplications; so me a pplications re quested f unding fo r m ultiple a ctivities. Th eseapplications a re indicat ive of ne eds in t he c ommunity. B elow is a n o verview o f t he sp ecificactivities requested for funding in each category.Public Facilities and Infrastructure NeedsThe 93 a pplications submitted in this categ ory included re quests for ten (10) dif ferent types ofactivities. The primary request (33) was for curb and sidewalk improvements, followed by stormdrainage/flooding and street improvements, both with 15 requests. Park improvements was nextwith ten (10) requests. T he remaining activity requests had a much lower demand as follows:Community Development Needs Assessment 219

Housing & Community Development Plansanitary sewer improvements (5), ADA/Pedestrian Improvements (4), Slum/Blight Clearance (3),bridge improvements (3), water improvements (2), and economic development (1).Public Services NeedsAs noted above, this category involved 17 applications and it included requests to address needs insix (6) activity areas. The top request (5) was for elderly services. The other public services requestswere for homeless services (4), housing services (3), community services (2), truancy preventionservices (1), and mental health/mental retardation services (1).Planning NeedsThe Pla nning c ategory ha d a tot al of 35 a pplications su bmitted fo r t en ( 10) a ctivities.Comprehensive plans received the highest number of requests (10), followed by zoning ordinanceswith seven (7) requests. Next in order of requests was park plans (4), sewage facility plans (3), andstormwater management (MS4) plans (2). Four (4) additional planning needs, street scape design,traffic study, base mapping, and capital improvements plan, each had one (1) request.Housing Work Groups and Housing SummitIn the Fall of 2008, the Healthy York County Coalition HousingTask Force partnered with the York County P lanningCommission and the York City Communi ty Deve lopmentDepartment to host a series of seven (7) work group sessions eachon a topic related to housing. T he topics included: affordablehousing, housing for spe cial nee ds population, planning f orgrowth, housing rehabilitation and revitalization, fa ir housing,homelessness, and infrastructure. Key stakeholders were invitedto the sessions to identify issues and potential strategies to addressbarriers.York County Housing SummitThe findings of the wor k group sessions were used as a basis to deve lop and sponsor a H ousingSummit. At the Summit, which was held in March of 2009, the work group results were presentedto the broa der community. Participants wer e then pr ovided with an opportunity to discuss thefindings and to develop unified local solutions to meet identified needs.Although the focus was on housing, the identification of community development needs related tohousing was an integral part of the work group sessions and Housing Summit. The communitydevelopment categories addressed were public facilities and infrastructure, public services, planningand oth er, wi th p ublic se rvices h aving the hig hest n umber of needs li sted ( see nu mbers inparentheses below). Following is a summary of the identified needs resulting from a combinationof the work group sessions and Housing Summit in the noted categories (the listing does not implyany order of importance). Needs marked with an asterisk (*) were recurring needs identified in morethan one work group session and more than one (1) Housing Summit break out group discussion.220Community Development Needs Assessment

Housing & Community Development PlanPublic Facilities and Infrastructure Needs (5)• Replacement of aging utility infrastructure• Infrastructure improvements to increase capacity• Bridge improvements• Drug and alcohol abuse treatment centers• Handicapped accessibilityPublic Services Needs (11)• Increased transit opportunities*• Regionalized emergency, police, and fire services• In-home services• Services for persons released from prison or a mental health facility or aging out of foster care*• Housing counseling services; including financial planning• Programs to assist homeless (e.g. healthcare, self-sufficiency skills, needs of children)• Safe and reliable child care• Increased services for aging populations*• Expansion of public services base outside York City• Increased services for persons with mental health and drug/alcohol problems*• Programs to assist persons impacted by electric utility deregulationPlanning Needs (8)• Multi-municipal planning and implementation*• Impact Fee Ordinances• Official Maps• Zoning Ordinance modifications (affordable housing incentives, density bonuses)*• Watershed Protection Plans• Development of model ordinance to encourage countywide consistency• County Development Guidelines Report• Housing CodesOther (non-housing) Needs (7)• Tax structure overhaul*• Coordination between municipalities and school districts• Improved communication, cooperation and coordination among public service providers*• Education of public regarding available programs and services*• Education of municipalities, agencies, and others regarding the importance of planning• Streamlined approval processes*• Build public/private partnerships*York County Comprehensive PlanOriginally adopted by the York County Board of Commissioners in 1992, the Comprehensive isYork County’s blueprint for the future. It has been amended several times with the most recentamendment being adopted in July of 2009. The Plan identifie s needs and sets forth policies a ndstrategies to meet the needs and to guide future growth and development in the County, as well asthe protection of sensitive natural resources. I t currently includes 12 components (the currentCommunity Development Needs Assessment 221

Housing & Community Development PlanHousing Plan will be replaced with this Housing and Community Development Plan once it isadopted by the County Commissioners) : Growth Management Plan (GMP) Transportation Plan (TP) Growth Trends (GT) Housing Plan (HP) Environmental Resources Inventory (ERI) Community Facilities (CF) Natural Areas Inventory (NAI) Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) Open Space and Greenways Plan (OS/GW) Agricultural Land Protection Plan (ALPP) Water Resources Plan (WRP) Economic Development Plan (EDP)Throughout the Plan, needs in ea ch of the community development c ategories are identified;however, planning and public fa cilities and infrastructure top the list i n terms o f the number ofneeds. In many cases the needs, as noted below, are generalized, rather than specific; neverthelessthey are of equal importance in the effort to maintain a high quality of life in the County. Again, thethe listing does not imply any order of importance. The number in () indicates the various needslisted in each category and the letters in () refer to the component of the Comprehensive Plan thatidentified the need.Public Facilities and Infrastructure Needs (14)• Stormwater management improvements (WRP, HMP)• Flood abatement structures (HMP)• Coordinated system of multi-use trails and greenways (OS/GW, TP)• Expansion of public water and sewer and other utilities in growth areas (GMP, CF, EDP)• Full array of community/public facilities in growth areas (GMP, CF)• Limited array of community/public facilities in rural areas (GMP, CF)• Roadway capacity improvements in growth areas (GMP, TP)• Roadway maintenance and safety improvements (TP)• Maintenance of existing road infrastructure (TP)• Repair/Replacement of structurally deficient bridges (TP)• Maintenance of existing traffic signal system (TP)’• Installation of missing sidewalk proximate to schools (TP)• Park and Ride facilities (TP)• Streetscape improvements in commercial and mixed use areas (TP)Public Services Needs (4)• Health care services co-located with retirement housing (EDP)• Workforce investment, such as employment, training and education services (EDP)• Expanded public transit and para-transit services (TP)• Create an agency to oversee the coordination of radon abatement activities (HMP)Planning Needs (22)• Countywide Official Map (TP)• Capital Improvements Plan for County-owned bridges and storm sewer repairs (TP, HMP)• Evaluation of rail corridor along the Heritage Rail Trail (TP)• Update/Expand County Bikeway Corridors Plan (TP)• Comprehensive study of traffic signals (TP)222Community Development Needs Assessment

Housing & Community Development Plan• Best Practices Booklet for implementing various transportation projects (TP)• Assess Management Studies (TP)• New/updated municipal/multi-municipal Comprehensive Plans (GMP, WRP, TP, EDP. ALPP)• New/updated municipal land use ordinances (GMP, WRP, TP, EDP. ALPP)• New/updated municipal/multi-municipal Recreation Plans (OS/GW)• Stormwater Management Plans (WRP)• Non-structural Stormwater Management best management practices (WRP, HMP)• Wellhead Protection Plans (CF)• Countywide tracking/reporting system for radon occurrences (HMP)• Reverse 911 system• Model/Sample code language (e.g. renewable energy, green buildings, mixed use zoning, infilldevelopment, design guidelines, signage, outdoor dining, business attraction)• Model/Sample intergovernmental cooperation/implementation/tax sharing agreements (EDP)• Model/Best Practices permitting process (EDP)• Market Evaluation Study for support of agritourism/agritainment uses (EDP)• Develop a downtown heritage trail with case studies of successful downtown efforts (EDP)• Develop model STEM curricula for schools (EDP)• Develop downtown strategic plans (EDP)Economic Development Needs (10)• Development of agricultural support businesses, including agri-tourism (ALPP, EDP)• Local venues to promote/use locally grown foods (ALPP, EDP)• Maintain diverse mix of businesses and industries (EDP)• Direct commercial and industrial deve lopment to area s targ eted f or re use/infill and majortransportation corridors (EDP)• Investment in downtowns (EDP)• Clearinghouse for workforce development (EDP)• “Farm to Chef” and “Farm to School” Programs (EDP)• Expand data base of potential economic de velopment sites and ava ilable incentive/assistancePrograms (EDP)• GIS coverages of utility service areas and suitable transportation facilities (EDP)• Expand YCPC website to include an array of Economic Development information (EDP)Other (non-housing) Needs (6)• Formation of partnerships• Coordination and cooperation between organizations/agencies at all levels• Education of landowners regarding available programs to protect resources• Ongoing municipal and community outreach and education• Form a public education advisory group• Streamlined approval processesPublic Meetings / Public HearingsA public meeting was held on J uly 30, 2009, to present ba ckground information collected f ordevelopment of the Housing and Community Development Plan and initial finding s rega rdinghousing and community development needs. Eleven (11) persons were in attendance, 10 of whichCommunity Development Needs Assessment 223

Housing & Community Development Planrepresented housing and/or public service agencies in the County. Following the presentation, themeeting was opened to public comment. Suggestions regarding overlooked needs and strategies toaddress needs were welcomed. Attendees stressed a need for the following:• Programs to address the foreclosure crisis• Ongoing education regarding available assistance programs• Landlord/Tenant and fair housing trainingSummaryBased on the needs identified above, it is obvious that the community development needs of YorkCounty are varied and disparate, yet some common elements are clearly evident. The needs alsopoint to the fact that c ommunity development a ctivities are e ssential to the conser vation andenhancement of communities and neighborhoods throughout the County. In the next Chapter, theneeds categories will be prioritized.224Community Development Needs Assessment

Chapter 3Community Development Identificationof Priority NeedsIntroductionThe community development needs assessment process was lengthy and multi-layered, reflectingthe variety and scale of communities in the County. Communities can be as small as a neighborhoodand as large as the County as a whole. They can be defined physically as in a crossroads village orby purpose as in elderly persons. The needs assessment process attempted to reach a broad rangeof communities. As a result, the process generated an extensive listing of community developmentneeds as presented in Chapter 2. In order to identify priority needs, the needs listed were examinedfor commonalities. Three (3) general priority needs were revealed along with 21 specific needs inthe five (5) categories of public facilities and infrastructure, public services, planning, economicdevelopment, and other needs.General Community Development Priority NeedsThere were three (3) common threads that ran through the needs identified in the assessment process:growth management; rehabilitation and development in esta blished communities; and continuedcooperation and coordination. Each of these are discussed below.Growth Management NeedThe need to support the established growth management concept was supported specifically in theCounty Comprehensive Plan, as well as in the Housing Work Groups and Summit. The GrowthManagement Plan component of the County Comprehensive Plan designates areas in the County aseither growth areas or r ural areas. The conc ept recommends focusing economic and r esidentialdevelopment in growth areas where substantial development and infrastructure is already in placeor nearby. Implementation of the growth management concept can result in lower development costsand more predictable future maintenance demands, both of which help to keep development moreaffordable. More concentrated development can lead to more cost effective and efficient deliveryof public services, such as emergency service, schools, and transit. Growth management also helpsto protect the unique agricultural economy, village communities, scenic landscapes, and sensitiveand resource lands in the rural areas of the County.The ne eds a ssessment p rocess r ecommended d evelopment of a fu ll a rray of pu blic fa cilities,infrastructure, and public services within and close to growth areas in order to attract and retaineconomic development and housing. Within rural areas, public facilities, infrastructure, and publicservices d evelopment needs would c ontinue to be improved, bu t should be lim ited to what isrequired to meet the health and safety needs of the businesses and residents currently in place andbe located in and around currently developed areas such as villages and Boroughs.Community Development Identification of Priority Needs 225

Housing & Community Development PlanThe need to continue to plan for growth management at the regional, County, and municipal levels,as well as across municipal boundaries through multi-municipal planning, was cited throughout theneeds assessment process. Further, the need for the development and adoption of implementationtools to achieve the objectives of the planning efforts was stressed.Rehabilitation and Development in Established Communities NeedThe need to invest in established communities was identified thr oughout the needs a ssessmentprocess. The County contains a wealth of established communities including the City of York, 36Boroughs, as well as, an abundance of villages and neighborhoods located in the 35 Townships.Costs o f h ousing, a s w ell a s in dustrial a nd c ommercial sp ace, a re of ten mo re a ffordable inestablished communities; thus, investing in established communities was described as a means topreserve affordable business spaces, homes, and apartments. However, affordability exacts a priceon established communities which often struggle with a flat real estate tax base resulting in higherthan average tax rates. These same communities are disproportionately populated by small familyowned businesses and elderly homeowners, both of whom struggle to afford their tax burdens.Investment is needed in order to help expand the local real estate tax base, spread the burden acrossmore tax payers, and increase revenues for the municipalities and school districts. It is described asa means to maximize past investment in established public and private infrastructure, and providethe revenue for maintenance and improvements to aging facilities.In addition, preservation of the unique heritage of the County, its regions and municipalities, throughthe preservation of architecture, land use patterns, family businesses, and social connections presentin established communities, was noted as a County need. The mixed-use pattern historic to YorkCounty towns and villages is replicated as the great “new” thing in development design throughoutthe country. Residents staying in and moving into the Countyacknowledge the attractiveness of thearea and accessibility to shopping and employment as a reason for living here. The need to preserveand enhance these features in order to keep the County a desirable place to live and conduct business,and, in turn, retain and attract new employers and workforce alike was also evident.Further, the need for continued investment in public and private infrastructure, public facilities,public services, and economic development, as well as housing, was often noted. This investmentwas seen as necessary for the c ontinued affordability and improved a ttractiveness of establishedcommunities for current businesses and residents, as well as for prospective economic developmentand housing.Finally, the community development needs assessment process cited the need for continued planningefforts in established communities that focus on more specific implementation tools and municipalcodes and ordinances, such as capital improvement planning, downtown development planning,incentives for affordable housing, and streamlined approval processes.Continued Cooperation and Coordination NeedThe needs assessment process identified opportunities for continued cooperation and coordinationin community development. Yor k County government responsibilities are divided betwe en theCounty (primarily judicial, human services, 911, and parks), 72 municipalities (including the Cityof York and Hanover Borough which are separate CDBG program entitlement communities), and226Community Development Identification of Priority Needs

Housing & Community Development Planvarious boards and commissions. Infrastructure is a network of public (local and State) and privateroads, sidewalks, traffic control devices; storm drainage retention basins and underground systems;sanitary sewerage treatment and collections systems; and water treatment and transmission systems.In addition, private on-lot septic and wells are still common throughout the County. Public facilitiesfor recreation, emergency services, police and fire are owned and operated by municipalities, privateclubs and quasi-public commissions. Public services are provided by the widest range of entities:the Federal and State governments; County departments, authorities, boards and commissions; andmunicipalities and their authorities, boards and commissions; as well as by school districts whichoverlap municipal boundaries. In addition, licensing, permitting, and regulatory enforcement ofinfrastructure, facilities and services is managed by a disparate assortment of Federal, State, County,and local officials.Support a nd e xpansion of c ross-agency, c ross-government and combined p ublic a nd pr ivateinitiatives was expressed throughout the needs assessment process. Due to the fragmented, crazyquiltnature of the County, very little can be undertaken without cooperation and coordination. Theprocess identified several examples of such efforts that have occurred in the past, are currently inplace, or are underway. Individuals and various offices and departments of the above cited entitiesshare information on an daily basis through formal and informal arrangements. Other entities, suchas regional police and f ire departments, work together as a mea ns to improve eff ectiveness andefficiency.Yet, the process identified situations where additional coordination and cooperation is necessary:joint municipal and public a nd private c ooperation in the delivery of a f ull spectrum ofinfrastructure and public services within growth areas;coordination of public and private efforts for e conomic development initiatives betweeneducation, workforce development, business financing, and municipal land use controls;delivery of human services in a connected manner so that needs of individuals and familiesare addressed in a coordinated manner; andcontinued jo int pla nning e fforts a nd Yo rk Cou nty Pla nning Com mission a ssistance tomunicipalities.The needs assessment process also identified coordinated and cooperative planning processes suchas multi-municipal comprehensive planning and development of regional implementation tools.The need for common procedures and definitions in municipal land use ordinances was also cited.Specific Community Development Priority NeedsSpecific community development priority needs identified through the needs assessment processhave been grouped into the following five (5) needs categories: public facilities and infrastructure,economic development, public services, planning, and other needs. Each are discussed below.Community Development Identification of Priority Needs 227

Housing & Community Development PlanPublic Facilities and Infrastructure Priority NeedsIn g eneral, t hese ne eds fo cus on fi lling in g aps wi thin a nd ne ar t o g rowth a reas, inv esting inmaintenance and inc reased capacity of existi ng facilities, and pr oviding a full range of f acilitieswithin growth areas. Specific priority needs identified include:• Youth Centers• Parks and Recreation Facilities• Health Facilities• Senior Centers• Curb and Sidewalk Improvements• Storm Drainage Facilities• Street Improvements• Public Sewer/Water Improvements within Growth AreasEconomic Development Priority NeedsThese needs focus on providing balance, such as providing work force development that addressesboth employer and employee needs, encouraging non-residential development to serve the County’srecent r esidential e xpansion, p rotecting the Cou nty’s e nvironment a nd un ique fe atures w hilestreamlining the de velopment r eview a nd re gulatory pr ocesses, a nd loc ating d evelopment i nappropriate areas of the County. Specific priority needs identified include:• Commercial and Industrial Redevelopment• Commercial and Industrial Infrastructure• Jobs and Tax Base Retention and Development• New Business DevelopmentPublic Services Priority NeedsIn addition to human service needs, the need to pr ovide adequate and cost effective emergencyservices throughout the County, utilizing cooperative and regional solutions, was cited. Specificpriority needs identified include:• Youth Services• Substance Abuse Services• Health Services• Employment Services• Expanded Public TransitPlanning and Implementation Priority NeedsInterest in planning implementation tools which can be used by the County and municipalities, onindividual and joint bases, in order to protect resource lands, create and preserve open space andgreenways, retain and develop affordable housing, and encourage rehabilitation and revitalizationof established communities, was identified in the needs assessment process. Specific priority needsidentified include:• Alternative Energy and Energy Efficiency Provisions in Ordinances228Community Development Identification of Priority Needs

Housing & Community Development Plan• Capital Improvements Plans• Traffic Impact Fee Ordinances• Comprehensive PlansOther Priority NeedsIn addition to the specific pr iority needs listed in the above categories, the ne ed for municipaloutreach, education, and partnerships were cited most frequently in the needs assessment process.SummaryThis Chapter prov ided the results of the needs a ssessment analysis through the identification ofgeneral and specific com munity development primary needs. H UD Table 2B, which follows,provides a summary of the primary needs.Community Development Identification of Priority Needs 229

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 4Strategy to Address Community DevelopmentPriority NeedsIntroductionThis Chapter describes the strategies developed for addressing the priority needs identified in theprevious Chapter, as well as the County’s community development objectives. It also describes theHUD requirements which are addressed by the Community Development Plan.ResourcesAs stated in Chapter 1 of this P art, community development activities can be funded throug h avariety of Federal, State and local programs, as well as private and non-profit investment. Federalfunding, through the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), will be one of theprimary resources for addressing priority needs. A discussion of the HUD resources and otherpotential funding sources follows.Anticipated HUD ResourcesYork County anticipates receiving an annual entitlement through the HUD CommunityDevelopmentBlock Grant (CDBG) and Emergency Shelter Grant (ESG) Programs. Funding from these Programsis allocated to eligible community development and homeless shelter activities that meet the nationalobjectives of the respective Programs. The County follows a Three (3) Year Funding Plan processand an Annual Action Plan proc ess. Through these processes, the County will consider fundingactivities that serve the priority needs identified in this Plan and comply with HUD regulations andobjectives.Funding ProcessMunicipalities and nonprofit organizations submit applications for funding activities that addressthe par ticular ne ed or pr iority of the community. The County revie ws the applica tions forconsistency with Program regulations and guidelines regarding eligible activities and conformancewith national objectives, whether the activity addresses a priority need identified in the CommunityDevelopment Plan, the activity’s ability to leverage other funds or partner with other entities, andwhether the activity continues or completes an activity funded previously. The County also takesgeographic location into consideration as it seeks to provide assistance for community developmentactivities Countywide, exclusive of the City of York since it is an entitlement community.Strategy to Address Community Development Priority Needs 231

Housing & Community Development PlanHUD Outcomes and ObjectivesThe Cou nty’s funding pr ocess dire cts HUD r esources to those ac tivities that mee t the HUDObjective “Creating Suitable Living Environments,” including those which:• improve the safety and livability of neighborhoods.• eliminate blighting influences and the deterioration of property and facilities.• increase access to quality public and private facilities and services.• reduce isolation of income groups within areas through spatial deconcentration of housingopportunities for lower income persons and the revitalization of deteriorating neighborhoods.• restore and preserve properties of special historic, architectural or aesthetic value.• conserve energy resources.Other ResourcesIn addition to the anticipated HUD resources identified above, the County will support applicationssubmitted to other entities that involve community development activities, address identified prioritycommunity development needs, and c onform to the HUD Objectives “ Creating Suitable L ivingEnvironments” and “Expanded Economic Opportunities.” Other resources are wide ranging andinclude local funds, other Federal and State government funding, and private funds.Strategy for Addressing General Community Development Priority NeedsThe previous Chapter identified three (3) common threads ( growth management, rehabilitation anddevelopment in established communities, and continued cooperation and coordination) and classifiedthem as general community development priority needs. These priority needs provide overarchingpolicy guidelines and are implemented through the five (5) community development priority needscategories: public facilities and infrastructure, public services, planning, economic development, andother needs.Strategy for Addressing Specific Community Development Priority NeedsThe specific community development pr iority need stra tegies incorporate the thr ee (3) generalcommunity development priority needs by supporting the established growth management concept,by investing in e stablished communities, and by encour aging c ontinued cooperation andcoordination. Each strategy also includes supporting applications submitted to other entities for thepurpose of carrying out community development activities that address community developmentneeds identified in this Plan.Public Facilities and Infrastructure CategoryPublic facility and infra structure improvement ac tivities have been ide ntified as the pr imarycommunity development priority need throughout the County.Strategy to Address Public Facility and Infrastructure Improvement Priority NeedsThe County's strategy is to continue to direct anticipa ted HUD resources through its establishedfunding pr ocess a nd to s upport a pplications su bmitted to other entities in or der t o a ssist232Strategy to Address Community Development Priority Needs

Housing & Community Development Planmunicipalities in undertaking public facilities and infrastructure activities, including, but not limitedto:• Youth Centers• Parks and Recreation Facilities• Health Facilities• Senior Centers• Curb and Sidewalk Improvements• Storm Drainage Facilities• Street Improvements• Public Sewer/Water Improvements within Growth AreasThe strategy also includes providing assistance to non-profits for the maintenance and operation ofhomeless shelters.Goals and Objectives to Address Public Facility and Infrastructure Improvement Priority NeedsYork County has established the following goals and objectives for the five (5) year CommunityDevelopment Plan period extending from 2010 through 2014.Goals: To eliminate slums and blight, prevent blighting influences, provide needed communityfacilities, promote economic development, and eliminate conditions which are detrimental to thehealth, safety, and public welfare in York County neighborhoods and communities, principallythose lived in by low and moderate income households.Objectives: During the five (5) year period, the County expects to use anticipated HUD resourcesto fund the following:• Thirty-five (35) improvement and replacement activities in established communities• Five (5) new or existing facilities extension activities where there are conditions threateningthe public h ealth, safe ty, and we lfare and which a re loc ated outside of e stablishedcommunities• One (1) activity to eliminate conditions which are a serious and immediate threat to thehealth and welfare of the community and are of recent origin• Thirty (30) a ctivities for the re moval of mater ial and ar chitectural bar riers ( includesobjectives listed above)• Four (4)activities for the removal of slums and blighting influences• Six (6) maintenance and operations activities in existing homeless shelters.Economic Development CategoryEconomic de velopment ac tivities have been ide ntified as the se cond community d evelopmentpriority need throughout the County.Strategy to Address Community Development Priority Needs 233

Housing & Community Development PlanStrategy to Address Economic Development Priority Needs: The County's strategy is to supportapplications submitted to other entities that involve economic development activities, including, butnot limited to:• Commercial and Industrial Redevelopment• Commercial and Industrial Infrastructure• Jobs and Tax Base Retention and Development• New Business DevelopmentGoals and O bjectives to Address Economic De velopment Priority Nee ds: York County hasestablished the following goals and objectives for the five (5) year Community Development Planperiod extending from 2010 through 2014.Goal - To assist special ec onomic development a ctivities that benefit the public a nd provideeconomic opportunities and employment principally for low and moderate income andunemployed persons.Objectives: During the five (5) year period, the County expects to use anticipated HUD resourcesto fund the following:• One (1) activity to assist special economic development activities, including coordination ofjob training and economic development activities that benefit low and moderate income andunemployed persons.• Two (2) activities that implement downtown or local economic development plans.• Two (2) activities that assist economic development planning efforts.Public Services CategoryPublic services activities have been identified as the County’s third community development priorityneed.Strategy to Address Public Services Priority Needs: The County’s strategy is to direct anticipatedHUD r esources a nd to s upport a pplications su bmitted to oth er e ntities in or der t o a ssist t ogovernmental a nd no n-profit o rganizations fo r t he pr ovision of a va riety of public se rvices,including, but not limited to:• Youth Services• Substance Abuse Services• Health Services• Employment Services• Expanded Public TransitThe County’s strategy is to continue to apply HUD resources in a limited manner, providing nominalassistance in order to maintain stability, encourage the leveraging of other funds, and to provide adegree of assurance that adequate services will be available to address the needs of low and moderateincome households throughout the County . Wit h regard to ne w public servic es, the County ’s234Strategy to Address Community Development Priority Needs

Housing & Community Development Planstrategy is to provi de assistance to nonprof it organizations which will result in the provision ofservices that are geographically or programmatically unserved by existing agencies and for whicha need has been identified. The County’s policy, however, is to only provide seed or start up fundingto assist such organizations in becoming stable and to provide a means to leverage other resources.In addition, the County may provide assistance to fill a temporary funding gap for a no nprofitorganization that provides a necessary supportive service that principally benefits low and moderateincome households in the County.Goals and Objectives to Address Public Services Priority Needs: York County has established thefollowing goals and objectives for the five (5) year Community Development Plan period extendingfrom 2010 through 2014.Goal: To provide governmental and non-profit organizations with assistance to either continuecurrently fu nded a ctivities, e stablish ne w s ervices, or inc rease the le vel of a se rvice topredominately low and moderate income households and to persons in need of emergency shelter,including, but not limited to, employment, health, fair housing counseling, housing counseling,adequate hea lth care , emer gency shelter, job t raining, prog rams for the phy sically anddevelopmentally disabled, and programs for those at risk of abuse, neglect, or exploitation.Objectives: During the five (5) year period, the County expects to use anticipated HUD resourcesto fund the following:• Three (3) a ctivities that provide intake a nd coordina ted ac cess to ca seworker and huma nservices in each year of the Plan period.• Three (3) a ctivities that provide servic es, such a s counseling , rec reational, hea lth, andemergency shelter, in each year of the Plan period.Planning CategoryPlanning activities have been identified as the County’s fourth community development priorityneed.Strategy to Address Planning Priority Needs: The County’s strategy is to direct anticipated HUDresources and to support applications submitted to other entities in order to assist municipalities andgovernmental and non-profit organizations in conducting planning activities that include, but are notlimited to:• Alternative Energy and Energy Efficiency Provisions• Capital Improvements Plans• Traffic Impact Fee Ordinances• Comprehensive PlansThe County’s strategy encourages municipalities to prepare multi-municipal or regional plans bygiving funding preference for HUD resources to applications that involve more than one (1) entity.The strategy also util izes this funding pr eference to enc ourage municipalities to levera ge otherresources.Strategy to Address Community Development Priority Needs 235

Housing & Community Development PlanGoals and O bjectives to Addre ss Planning Priority Nee ds: York C ounty has established thefollowing goals and objectives for the five (5) year Community Development Plan period extendingfrom 2010 through 2014.Goal: To promote planningactivities in order to enable public officials and organizations to makeinformed decisions, including, but not limited to, comprehensive plans, community developmentplans, functional plans, and other plans and studies, such as small area and neighborhood plans,capital plans, individual project plans, and development of strategies, action programs, and landuse ordinances to implement plans.Objectives: During the five (5) year period, the County expects to use anticipated HUD resourcesto fund the following:• Fifteen (15) planning activities including various studies, plans, and implementation ordinances.Table 34: Priority Community Development Needs(Table 2B: Priority Community Development Needs)X = Priority Needs identified through the Needs Assessment processPriority NeedAcquisition of Real PropertyDispositionClearance and DemolitionClearance of Contaminated SitesCode EnforcementPublic Facility (General)Senior CentersHandicapped CentersHomeless FacilitiesYouth CentersNeighborhood FacilitiesChild Care CentersHealth FacilitiesMental Health FacilitiesParks and/or Recreation FacilitiesParking FacilitiesTree PlantingFire Stations/EquipmentAbused/Neglected Children FacilitiesAsbestos RemovalNon-Residential Historic PreservationOther Public Facility NeedsInfrastructure (General)Water/Sewer ImprovementsStreet ImprovementsSidewalksPriorityNeedLevelxxXXXXXXXXxXXXx = other needs identified through Needs Assessment and public hearingprocessUnmetPriorityNeedDollars toAddressNeed5 YrGoalPlan/ActAnnualGoalPlan/ActPercentGoalCompleted236Strategy to Address Community Development Priority Needs

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 34: Priority Community Development Needs(Table 2B: Priority Community Development Needs)X = Priority Needs identified through the Needs Assessment processPriority NeedSolid Waste Disposal ImprovementsFlood Drainage ImprovementsOther InfrastructureStorm Drainage FacilitiesHandicapped Accessibility Impr.Bridge ImprovementsTraffic Control Devices ImprovementsPublic Services (General)Senior ServicesHandicapped ServicesLegal ServicesYouth ServicesChild Care ServicesTransportation ServicesSubstance Abuse ServicesEmployment/Training ServicesHealth ServicesLead Hazard ScreeningCrime AwarenessFair Housing ActivitiesTenant Landlord CounselingOther ServicesMental Health ServicesHomeless ServicesHousing Counseling ServicesTruancy PreventionReleased Prisoner Relocation ServicesTransition from Foster Care ServicesFinancial Management ServiceEconomic Development (General)C/I Land Acquisition/DispositionC/I Infrastructure DevelopmentC/I Building Acq/Const/RehabOther C/INew Business DevelopmentED Assistance to For-ProfitED Technical AssistanceMicro-enterprise AssistanceOther PlanningComprehensive PlanningPlanning Implementation ToolsFunctional PlansBase MapsPriorityNeedLevelXXXXxxXXXXXxxXxxxxxxXXXXXXXXxx = other needs identified through Needs Assessment and public hearingprocessUnmetPriorityNeedDollars toAddressNeed5 YrGoalPlan/ActAnnualGoalPlan/ActPercentGoalCompletedStrategy to Address Community Development Priority Needs 237

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

PART V:Bringing It All Together

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 1Unified Countywide StrategiesIntroductionPart II of this Plan identified general and priority housing needs and set forth strategies to addressthe ide ntified h ousing ne eds. Si milarly, Pa rt I V of this Pla n id entified g eneral a nd pr ioritycommunity de velopment n eeds a nd e stablished s trategies to me et th e ide ntified c ommunitydevelopment needs. This chapter begins with a summary of the specific housing and communityobjectives developed previously in this Plan. The chapter continues by addressing the County’sadditional strategies that are designed to meet both housing and community development needs, notjust one or the other. These strategies are intended to focus on the community as a whole in an effortto strengthen neighborhoods, provide a greater sense of community, and improve the overall qualityof life. They will also serve as guiding policies for decisions related to housing and communitydevelopment activities.Summary of Specific Housing and Community Development ObjectivesIn an effort to bring the housing and community development objectives together, Table 35 presentsthe objectives. Housing objectives are presented as rental housing and owner housing objectives,followed by community development objectives.Table 35: Summary of Specific Housing/Community Development Objectives(Transition Table 2C – Table 2A/2B Continuation Sheet)Obj#Specific ObjectivesPerformanceMeasuresExpectedUnitsActualUnitsRental Housing Objectives1 The County will provide assistance to the CommunityProgress Council throughout the five (5) year period for theprovision of rental assistance and related services to lowincome families.2 The County will provide financial assistance to two (2) nonprofitagencies for implementation of fair housing programs,including fair housing advocacy3 The County will support all applications which involveactivities to improve housing affordability for extremely low,low, moderate and middle income families. It is expected thatthis will include at least 15 applications.4. The County will provide assistance which will result in thedevelopment of 265 affordable housing rental units forextremely low to moderate income households, includingsmall and large families, elderly, individuals and specialneeds persons.215265Unified Countywide Strategies 241

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 35: Summary of Specific Housing/Community Development Objectives(Transition Table 2C – Table 2A/2B Continuation Sheet)Obj#Specific ObjectivesPerformanceMeasuresExpectedUnitsActualUnits5 The County will assist four (4) emergency shelter providersannually to maintain and to provide additional emergencyshelter facilities for homeless single men, single women,families with children and victims of domestic violence.8,0256 The County will assist developers with land acquisitionexpenses which will result in the development of additionalaffordable housing units for extremely low, low and moderateincome families and individuals.7 The County will provide assistance which will result in thedevelopment of transitional housing facilities to accommodate20 individuals or families.8 The County will support all applications which involveactivities to increase housing supply for extremely low, low,moderate and middle income individuals and families,including the homeless and special needs populations. It isexpected that this will include at least 15 applications.2015Homeownership Housing Objectives1 Through the York Homebuyer Assistance Program, theCounty will assist 76 moderate income and 14 low incomefirst time home buyers.2 The County will assist 157 households, including 36 extremelylow income, 51 low income, and 70 moderate income throughthe Home Improvement Program. This will include small andlarge families, individuals, the elderly and special needshouseholds.3 The County will assist 135 households, including elderly,small families, large families and other homeowners withfinancial assistance for the installation of sanitary sewerservice and water service lines when required to connect.4 The County will assist 157 households, including 36 extremelylow, 36 low and 70 of moderate income. Will include a mix ofelderly, small and large families, special needs andindividuals.5 The County will assist 1,300 households, all extremely lowincome, with the County’s Weatherization Program.6 The County will support all applications which involveimproved housing conditions for extremely low, low, moderateand middle income individuals and families. It is expectedthat this will include at least five (5) applications.901571351571,3005242Unified Countywide Strategies

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 35: Summary of Specific Housing/Community Development Objectives(Transition Table 2C – Table 2A/2B Continuation Sheet)Obj#Specific ObjectivesPerformanceMeasuresExpectedUnitsActualUnitsSupportive Services Objectives1 The County will provide assistance to five (5) non-profitagencies each year, between 2010-2014. Over the five (5)years, it is the County’s goal that the assisted agencies willprovide supportive to 100,000 extremely low to middle incomeindividuals and families. This includes services to the elderly,special needs populations, small and large families.2 The County will provide assistance to five (5) non-profitagencies that address the needs of the homeless each yearbetween 2010-2014. Supportive services will be provided to9,295 households as they strive to make the transition fromhomelessness to independent living.3 The County will support applications that involve activities toimprove housing related support services for extremely low tomiddle income families. It is expected that this will include atleast ten (10) applications during 2010-2014.100,0009,29510Community Development Objectives/ Public Facility and Infrastructure Improvement1 The County will fund 35 improvement and replacementactivities in established communities.2 The County will fund five (5) new or existing facilitiesextension activities where the conditions threaten the health,safety and welfare and which are located outside ofestablished communities.3 The County will fund one (1) activity to eliminate conditionswhich are a serious and immediate threat to the health andwelfare of the community and are of recent origin.4 The County will fund 30 activities for the removal of materialand architectural barriers.5 The County will fund four (4) activities for the removal of slimsand blighting influences.6 The County will fund six (6) maintenance and operationsactivities in existing homeless facilities.35513046Community Development Objectives/ Economic Development1 The County will fund one (1) activity to assist specialeconomic development activities including coordination of jobtraining and economic development activities that benefit lowand moderate income unemployed persons.2 The County will fund two (2) activities that implementdowntown or local economic development plans.3 The County will fund two (2) activities that assist economicdevelopment planning efforts.122Unified Countywide Strategies 243

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 35: Summary of Specific Housing/Community Development Objectives(Transition Table 2C – Table 2A/2B Continuation Sheet)Obj#Specific ObjectivesPerformanceMeasuresExpectedUnitsActualUnitsCommunity Development Objectives/ Public Services1 The County will fund three (3) activities that provide intakeand coordinated access to caseworker and human services ineach year of the plan period.2 The County will fund three (3) activities that will provideservices such as counseling, recreational, health andemergency shelter services.33Community Development Objectives/ Planning1 The County will fund fifteen (15) planning activities includingvarious studies, plans and implementation ordinances.15Presenting the objectives in this way provides a holistic picture of the County’s specific objectivesrelated to housing and community development moving forward.Unified StrategiesThe following strateg ies are inten ded to provide g uidance to meeting both the housing a ndcommunity development needs identified in this P lan. They will also play a role in the decisionmaking process.York County Comprehensive PlanThe York County Comprehensive Plan was originally adopted by the CountyCommissioners in 1992 and has be en amended numerous times to add newcomponents, as well as to update components that have become obsolete. Infact, the County Plan will be amended to replace the existing “Housing Plan”component with this Housing and Community Development Plan. In additionto Housing, the Comprehensive Plan c ontains components dea ling with thefollowing: Growth Management Growth Trends Environmental Resources Natural Areas Agricultural Land Protection Water Resources Community Facilities Transportation Hazard Mitigation Open Space and Greenways Economic DevelopmentYork CountyComprehensive PlanAlthough the three (3) overarching goals of the Comprehensive Plan are noted in Part I of this Plan,the goals are repeated here as they form the f ramework upon whic h the policies and stra tegiescontained in the various components are based. The goals are:244Unified Countywide Strategies

Housing & Community Development Plan• To protect and preserve important natural resources,• To direct growth and development to appropriate locations, and• To facilitate coordinated planning at all levels of government.Discussed below are the policies and strategies that relate to housing and community developmentand which are hereby incorporated into this Plan as a unified strategy that should be observed inmaking day-to-day housing and community development decisions.! The County’s Growth Management Plan strategy is to directthe more intensive g rowth and de velopment to desig natedprimary and secondary growth areas, while only allowing fora limited amount of g rowth and development in rural ar easwhere the focus is on the protection of resource lands. Primarygrowth areas are intended to have a full range of services andthe most intensive mix of land uses. Secondary growth areas,on the other hand, are intended to have a full mix of uses butGrowth Management Planat a lesser intensity of development, plus they may not containa complete range of services. Rural areas are envisioned as consisting primarily of farmlandand open space with limited services and very low density development; public water andsewer is to be discouraged in rural areas. The Plan recommends that new development withinrural areas be directed to lands within and directly adjacent to existing villages and boroughs.Likewise, policies contained in the Community Facilities component support the GrowthManagement Plan with regard to the provision of community facilities and public services.When considering housing and community development activities, this strategy should beutilized to: Guide new housing development to growth areas, Support rehabilitation/redevelopment projects in growth areas, Limit public water and sewer projects to growth areas, unless necessary to addressa health and safety issue in the rural areas, Focus infrastructure investment activities in growth areas to keep them attractive forretaining and attracting development, Focus community facility and public services activities in growth areas, Focus economic development activities in growth areas, Support planning activities, such as municipal comprehensive plans, sewage facilityplans, rec reation plans, z oning or dinances, and subdivision/land developmentordinances, neighborhood conservation and enhancement plans.Nevertheless, the bor oughs and villag es within the rura l areas may be well deserving ofhousing and community development a ctivities noted above. Such a ctivities, however,should be assessed on a ca se-by-case basis for consistency with the g rowth managementconcept.! The Water Re sources, Environmental Resourc es, Na tural Are as, Ag ricultural L andProtection, Open Spac e and G reenways, and Ha zard Mitigation compone nts toge therrecommend protection of the County ’s sensitive re sources, including, but not lim ited to,Unified Countywide Strategies 245

Housing & Community Development Planprime agricultural land, steep slopes, woodlands, streams and waterways,wetlands, floodplains, we llhead prote ction areas, parks, a nd habitats ofthreatened an d e ndangered s pecies. Th ese c omponents ide ntify be stmanagement practices, as well as a multitude of tools that can be used toprotect the resources. With regard to housing and community development,this strategy should be utilized to: Require that an environmental assessment be conducted prior toinitiating a construction project, Encourage developers to utilize best management practices, Direct development away from environmentally sensitive areas, Support planning pr ojects that enta il protection measur es forRocky Ridge County Parksensitive lands, such as watershed protection plans, stormwatermanagement plans, floodplain management plans, creation of critical environmental areaoverlays, and conservation/open space residential development provisions, and Support park and trail projects that protect open space and provide areas for active and/orpassive recreation.! Strategies containe d in the Transportation Plan componentrecommend that transportation s ystem im provement projectsprimarily occur wit hin growth ar eas to support e xistingdevelopment and to maintain a viable transportation system thatis attractive to ne w deve lopment. A vi able tra nsportationsystem, Countywide, is a lso important for the movement ofpeople and the delivery of services. This strategy should beapplied to housing and community development activities in aneffort to:Long Range Transportation Plan Focus transportation improvement projects in growth areas, Limit transportation activities in rural areas primarily to safety improvements, Limit roadway capacity improvement projects to growth areas, Expand mass transit services in growth areas and para-transit Countywide, and Support transportation related p lanning projects, su ch as access management plans,traffic imp act f ee or dinances, tr affic stu dy provisions, c omprehensive pla ns,subdivision/land development ordinances, and official map ordinances.! The Economic Development Plan component emphasizes the needto target businesses and industries to growth areas which have theinfrastructure and services to best accommodate it. However, italso recognizes that economic development, although to a lesserdegree, is needed in rural areas to meet the da y-to-day needs ofresidents and to support the agricultural industry. Strategies in thePlan also stress the importance of having a diverse, well-trainedand educated workforce, as well as a good roadway network andutility capacity, to retain existing and attract new businesses andEconomic Development Plan246Unified Countywide Strategies

Housing & Community Development Planindustries. These economic development strategies should be applied to housing and communitydevelopment activities as follows: Support the expansion of existing, and development of new, businesses and industrieswithin growth areas, Support the expansion of existing, and development of new, businesses in rural areas thatare necessary to meet the needs of the rural community, Encourage infill development and use of under-utilitized buildings in “downtown” areas, Support transportation sy stem and utility projects that are ne cessary to attrac t newbusinesses and industries, Support public services related to workforce development, Support transit projects that assist people in traveling to/from work, and Support planning projects, such as downtown revitalization plans, mainstreet plans, andcorridor development plans.! Many of the components of the County Comprehensive Plan contain strategies related toforming pa rtnerships, e nhancing c ooperation a nd c oordination, a nd e ncouraging mul timunicipalplanning eff orts. Such measure s are also vital to meeting the housing andcommunity d evelopment ne eds of the County and should there fore be enc ouraged andsupported.The strategies listed above demonstrate how the components of the County Comprehensive Plan areintegrated and work together to meet the goals of the Plan. Implementation of the strategies isnecessary to enhance the quality of life in York County and to make York County attractive as aplace to live, play, and work.The Yo rk Cou nty Pla nning Com mission ( YCPC) ha s e stablished tw o ( 2) pr ograms to a id i nimplementation of the strategies. These programs are the Municipal Consulting Program and theCommunity Connections Program. Through the Municipal Consulting Progr am, the YCPC staffworks with municipalities to establish growth and/or rural areas in their communities and achieveconsistency between the local and County Comprehensive Plan, as well as to develop land useordinances as viable tools to implement the Plan. The Community Connections Program is a toolto strengthen the connection between the YCPC and the municipalities and to increase awarenessof the variety of tools and programs that are available to address local needs and create sustainablecommunities. The housing and community development ne eds of the County can be furtheraddressed through the ongoing implementation of these Programs.Targeted Initiatives ProgramThe Targeted Initiatives Program is a supplement to the standa rd method ofsoliciting , rating, ranking, and funding of CDBG activities. It’s purpose is tofocus the County’s CDBG resources in a targeted, comprehensive, multi-yearapproach to communities that are determined to be the best opportunities forinvesting grant monies.A set of investment criteria was developed by the Housing and Community Development staff todetermine eligibility for the Program. The criteria require a municipality or community to have a:Unified Countywide Strategies 247

Housing & Community Development Plan• population that consists predominantly of low and moderate income persons,• limited ability to raise municipal revenue, and• need for investment incentives to preserve housing affordable to its population.The initial determination of which communities meet the investment criteria will be based on aprofile of the area which will include an array of demographic, community and housing data. Thedata will then be ranked based on a point system. An analysis of the profiles should reveal indicatorsor the need for a targeted program. Indicators that will increase eligibility include:• Demographic Indicators - area, comparatively, has most population in greatest need and qualifiesas a low and moderate income area.• Community Indicators - area is one where a limited investment, comparatively, can impact themost people; disincentives to investment exist; and a limited ability to pay for self-investmentexists.• Housing Indicators - area is o ne which has a possible need for incentives for investment inexisting housing, where the affordability of existing owner and rental units presents a costburden, and which has a work force for whom affordable housing needs to be maintained orincreased.Communities with the highest scoring will be the top investment locations. Initially, the Programwill focus on a ranking of the County’s 36 Boroughs.The g oal of the Ta rgeted I nitiatives Program is to provide a means to he lp the investmentcommunities with the top profile scores identify and address their critical housing and communitydevelopment needs by working in concert with the YCPC Housing and Community Developmentstaff. This process will involve:• a community evaluation and assessment,• development of a community vision,• development of a Targeted Initiative Plan or Strategy, and• identification of funding sources to address the critical needs.Overall, it is intended to improve a community in a logical and progressive manner where projectsbuild upon one another and encourage private investment, rather than in a piecemeal and sporadicfashion where improvements have a much lesser community-wide impact.248Unified Countywide Strategies

Housing & Community Development PlanUnified Application ProcessThe purpose of the Unified Application Process is to provide a framework whereby the York CountyHuman Services Department, the Housing and Community Development Division of the YorkCounty Planning Commission, t he City of York, and the United Way of York County can use asingle application process for the request, review and award of funding for certain human serviceprograms. These human service programs address both housing and community development needs.The FundersThe County Human Servic es De partment is re sponsible for mana ging the County’s Fe deralHomeless Assistance Program (HAP) and Human Services Development Fund (HSDF). Th esefunds are distributed to other human services providers in accordance with the respective programregulations. Human Services also manages the grant funds and monitors its human services subcontractors.The Housing and Community Development Division of the York County Planning Commission isresponsible for managing the County’s Federal and State CDBG and ESG Progra m funds. TheCounty distributes a portion of these f unds to human service providers in accordance with theregulations of the respective programs. The Housing and Community Development Departmentmanages the grant funds and monitors program sub-recipients on behalf of the County.The City of York also receives Federal CDBG program funds. It distributes a portion of these fundsto hum an service providers in a ccordance with the prog ram re gulations and monitors its s ubrecipients.The United Way of York County manages a local Community Fund and distributes these funds tohuman service providers in accordance with United Way and local guidelines and procedures. TheUnited Way also monitors its grantees.The RecipientsAlthough recipient agencies can change from year to year, 12 of the a gencies receiving grants orcontracts from the above listed funders are receiving funding from more than one (1) of theseentities. One agency has as many as seven (7) programs funded by two (2) different funders, and allagencies have at least two (2) programs with multiple funders. At the present time, these agenciesare receiving grants or contracts to fund at least 34 human services programs. The human servicesprograms range from a day camp for disabled a dults to emerg ency shelter ope rations, and se rveresidents of the whole County, inclusive of the City of York. Of the currently funded programs,eight (8) receive grants or contracts through more than one (1) funder. One (1) program is currentlyfunded through as many as seven (7) different grants or contracts just from the four (4) funders listedabove.Unified Countywide Strategies 249

Housing & Community Development PlanThe ProcessThe current system requires human service providers to apply to multiple agencies for funding undervarious programs. Depending on the Federal, State or local sources of the funding, and the entitymanaging the grant; the application dates, contract time periods, and fiscal years vary. In additionto the duplicative agency reviews, the applications are considered by inter-governmental and interagencycommittees, such as the Emergency Food and Shelter Advisory Board, requiring applicantsto attend additional meetings and make presentations.The proposed Unified Application Process would enable human service providers seeking fundingfrom County HAP, HSDF, CDB G and ESG Prog rams adminis tered by the Human Ser vicesDepartment and the Y ork County Planning Commission, as well as those from the HSDF a ndCommunity Fund pr ograms administered by the United Way , to file a sing le application. Thefunders would then coordinate their individual program reviews and funding recommendations, aswell as, the reviews by other relevant boards and committees.Discussions regarding this Unified Application Process have been held among the agencies and theyare working diligently to get it up and running. This new process would increase efficiency anddecrease duplicity. The g oal is to have the p rocess in place for consideration of 2010 fundingrequests.York Housing Advisory CommissionA York County Commissioner and the Mayor of the City of York announcedthe forma tion of the Housing Advisory Commi ssion at the Marc h 2009Housing Summit. The formation of the joint City/County Commission cameafter several years of discussions and studies.In 2006, th e Healthy York County Coalition Housing Task F orce rele ased a study entitled,“Affordable Housing Ex pansion Strategy.” I t analyzed the County ’s affordable housing needsbetween 2006 and 2011 and the ability of local developers to meet the needs. The Study’s includedrecommendations to assist in t he expansion of ava ilable af fordable housin g in the County , asfollows: (a) a call to nurture existing non-profit organizations, (b) continue to view housing as aregional issue and (c) establish a cy cle of planning and implementation so that only one majorrevitalization project is being developed at any given time in York County.At the same time, the Criminal Jus tice Advisory Board, Local Housing Options Team, and theYork/Adams Smart Growth Coalition were studying housing related issues and developing theirrecommendations for change. Those efforts further emphasized the need to improve the coordinationof regional planning efforts to address the full continuum of housing services and populations inneed.The organizations involved in the various studies concluded that the most effective way to have apositive impact on housing would be to c reate a n advisory c ommission wi th members jointlyappointed by the County Commissioners and the Mayor of the City of York. As stated above, theformation of the Commission was announced in March of 2009. Appointed members are all personswho have a sincere desire to address the housing needs in York County. Although the focus is onhousing, th is Pl an h as ma de it c lear t hat it takes a c ombination o f h ousing a nd c ommunity250Unified Countywide Strategies

Housing & Community Development Plandevelopment strategies to address housing needs (e.g. additional affordable housing units and a narray of public services).It will be the Commi ssion’s r esponsibility to advise ele cted of ficials on issues re lated to thedevelopment of affordable housing a nd housing-related support services . Specific duties of theCommission include:• Establish methods for obtaining input on housing needs and priorities, which may includesurveys, interviews, public meetings, focus groups, and ad hoc panels,• Assist in the development of the Consolidated Plans for housing and community developmentthat are compatible with State, County, City and other community partners,• Assist in developing a process to establish housing priorities for the allocation of funds,• Assist in the development of the Fair Housing Plan and strategies to address the barriers tochoices for fair housing, and• Assist in the development of the Continuum of Care to address homelessness in York County.SummaryThis Chapter is set forth four (4) unified strategies for meeting housing and community developmentneeds throughout the County. The strategies provide for a more efficient process in the delivery ofprograms and services to address needs, as well as offer greater opportunities for members of thecommunity to get involved in the planning and implementation process. By working cooperativelymuch more can be accomplished. The next Chapter will focus on the coordination and monitoringactivities that are inherent in the implementation of the Housingand Community Development Plan.Unified Countywide Strategies 251

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Chapter 2Coordination and MonitoringIntroductionThis chapter discusses coordination with other programs and agencies necessary as this Housing andCommunity Development Plan is implemented.Coordination With Other Programs and AgenciesThe York County Planning Commission, which administers the Communit y Development BlockGrant, Emergency Shelter Grant, and HOME Investment Partnership Act Programs, will coordinateits activities and prog rams with the Of fice of Domestic Relations, the Depa rtment of HumanServices, Department of Community Services, and the Department of MH/MR to insure a continuumof programs and services. Given the limitation of eligible and fundable activities, the programs maynot have a direct impact on the number of households below the poverty line. The County willprovide, as required by the regulations, assistance to e xtremely low, low, and moderate incomeindividuals and families.Institutional StructureThe institutional structure of York County is complex. This section outlines the roles of the Countyof York, the York County Planning Commission, York County Human Services Department, theYork County Economic Development Corporation, the Entitlement Jurisdictions within the County,and a variety of local and regional partners in the areas of housing and community development.The County of YorkThe Co unty o f Y ork is g overned b y a th ree ( 3) me mber B oard o f Co mmissioners. TheCommissioners have designated the York County Planning Commission (YCPC), a separate entity,to administer the County’s Housing and Community Development Programs. The YCPC preparesthe York County Comprehensive Plan and the Consolidated Plan. The Commissioners areresponsible for adoption of the Plans. Amendments to the Consolidated Plan are prepared by YCPCstaff, publicly revie wed throug h the County ’s Citiz en Participa tion Pl an, and pr esented to theCommissioners for c onsideration and a doption. In addition, the Comm issioners appoint themembers of the Loan Committee, who review and make recommendations for housing rehabilitationand development loans.The Human Services DivisionThe delivery system for human services in York County offers extensive and diverse services toCounty residents. It is a collaborative effort between County government entities, community notfor-profitorganizations, and private charitable organizations. The Human Services Division includeseight (8) departments, the first of which is t he Human Services Department. The York CountyHuman Services Department coordinates all human service programs operated by the County. TheCoordination and Monitoring 253

Housing & Community Development PlanExecutive Director of the Department serves as liaison to the Commissioners for the departmentsadministering the categorical programs:• York/Adams Drug and Alcohol Program• York/Adams Health Choices Management Unit• York/Adams Mental Health-Mental Retardation Program• York County Area Agency on Aging• York County Children and Youth Services• York County Department of Veterans Affairs• York County Youth Development CenterIn many of these departments, the role of County staff is administrative, overseeing direct servicecontracts and a llocating funding and maintaining quali ty assurance throug h audits and otherperformance measures. County employees also perform community outreach contracting with newproviders as needed and making sure appropriate community organizations and leaders are awareof the full scope of services available and the related eligibility requirements associated with eachprogram.Within the Human Services Department, the Office of Special Grants administers the HomelessManagement I nformation Sy stem (HMI S) and a va riety of human ser vice p rograms rece ivingfunding from Federal and State government. They administer contracts with other entities to deliverhousing assistance programs such as Emergency Food and Shelter Rental Assistance Program,Homeless Assistance Program (HAP) and Human Services Development Fund (HSDF). The HumanServices Depa rtment and the Eme rgency Food a nd Shelter B oard, w hich is com prised ofrepresentatives of various housing and human service providers and funding agencies in the County,coordinate the planning and delivery of HUD, FEMA and HHS-funded public service and emergencyshelter grant programs.The York County Planning CommissionThe Housing and Community Development Department (HCD) within the YCPC provides planning,administrative, implementation, and project delivery services for these programs on behalf of theCounty.The HCD staff prepares the Consolidated Plan as part of the HUD funded housing and communitydevelopment programs administrative duties. Historically, the HCD has prepared the ConsolidatedPlan for housing and community development activities as an independent document. However, the2010-2014 Consolidated Plan has incorporated into the County’s Comprehensive Plan and all of theYCPC departments have contributed to its completion.The HCD staf f administer the H UD funde d C DBG, HOME, and ESG prog rams throug h thefollowing activities:• Preparing Annual Action Plans and grant applications, processing grant contracts, setting up andreporting on grants in IDIS, and processing grant drawdowns• Conducting sub-re cipient and de veloper application proc esses; pre paring implementingagreements; and monitoring sub-recipient, partner and developer program activities• Delivering the homeowner rehabilitation and weatherization programs254Coordination and Monitoring

Housing & Community Development Plan• Developing pr ocesses, pr eparing docume nts, c onducting re search, a nd pa rticipating incommittees in order to ensure that the County programs conform with HUD programmaticregulations and Federal non-discrimination, equal employment, fair housing, labor compliance,environmental, and financial management laws and regulations• Coordinating funding approval with other funding agencies, such as, Pennsy lvania HousingFinance Agency and Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development• Participating in advisory committees addressing the housing and community development needsof the County and the Region, such as the Central Pennsylvania Continuum of Care Committee(CoC).In addition, the HC D s taff a dminister o ther F ederal, S tate, a nd loc al ho using a nd c ommunitydevelopment programs on behalf of the County and provide technical assistance to other Countydepartments, City of York staff, and not for profit and for profit entities in the planning and deliveryof their housing and community develop ment progra ms. For e xample, the HCD staf f havecoordinated workshops on housing issues, bringing together Federal and State representatives andexperts with local housing operators, service providers, developers and County departments.York County ParksThe York County Department of Parks and Recreation maintains eleven (11) parksand historical sites. Ass isting the D epartment in fulfilling its miss ion are theAdvisory Board of Parks and Recreation and the Parks Foundation Charitable Trust,which oversees monies that are donated to the parks for either specific projects or inkinddonations. The Parks Department partners with the YCPC in the developmentof master site plans and other planning efforts.York County Economic Development CorporationThe Yor k Economic De velopment Corp oration (YCEDC) is anindependent economic development entity operating in the City andthe County. I t partners with the County in the identification andassessment of economic development needs and programs, including the York County EconomicDevelopment Plan component of the York County Comprehensive Plan adopted in 2009.Entitlement Jurisdictions within York CountyThe City of York, located within the County, is an entitlement jurisdiction. The City and Countywork together to implement the objectives of their respective Consolidated Plans. Many facilitiesand services, regardless of location, serve populations of both entities.Additionally, the Borough of Hanover, received notice from the HUD on May 17, 2005, of itsqualification as a “me tropolitan city” under the CDBG program. HU D gave the Borough threeoptions: accept the status as an entitlement grantee; accept the status as an entitlement grantee andenter into a joint agreement with York County; or, defer the status as a n entitlement grantee andparticipate in under the County’s program. HUD gave the Borough a deadline of May 27, 2005, tomake a decision.Under the CDBG regulations, a metropolitan city is defined as follows: “A city within a metropolitanarea that is the ce ntral city of such a rea, as def ined and used by the Office of Ma nagement andBudget (OMB); or any other c ity within a metropolitan are a that has a population of 50,000 orCoordination and Monitoring 255

Housing & Community Development Planmore.” To foster unif ormity among the various federal agencies, OMB revised the definition ofmany geographic terms prior to the 2000 Census. One of those changes was the definition of acentral or principal city. A central city is an incorporated area that has a population of 10,000 ormore. The Borough’s population is over 14,000 and thus qualifies a s a central city of the York-Hanover Metropolitan St atistical A rea. Si nce the amount of funds an entitlement communityreceives is based on a formula, if the Borough selected option 1, the amount of CDBG funds theCounty recei ved wou ld hav e decr eased p roportionally to th e am ount of H anover’s C DBGentitlement grant. Under option 2, the B orough’s and the County ’s CDBG allocation would becalculated separately, but the sum of those amounts is awarded to the County as the grant recipient.The Borough and the County would have to e nter into a c ooperation agreement governing grantadministration. The Borough reviewed the administrative requirements of implementing the CDBGprogram, the amount of assistance provided to the Borough under the CDBG and HOME programin prior years from York County, and the amount of CDBG funds the Borough would likely receiveas an entitlement community. In analyzing this information and the three(3) options, the Boroughelected to defer its entitlement status and remain in the County’s CDBG program for the next three(3) years. The Borough has the same options when each Urban County Qualification process isconducted.Local Partners in HousingThe County involves a multitude of partners in the planning, administration and delivery of programsand activities under its housing programs. To follow are many of the agencies that partner with theCounty.Bell Socialization Services, Inc.Bell Socialization Services, Inc., is a housing operator and a servicesprovider. It provides supportive housing for mentally ill adults anddevelopmentally disabled persons in affordable units developed andowned by the A gency, as we ll as apar tments leased f rom otherentities. The Agency provides an array of supportive services, suchas drop in shelters, for mentally ill adults and developmentally disabled persons and partners withCounty Human Services and the York/Adams Mental Health-Mental Retardation Program (MH/MR)for the delivery of services. Bell partners with the County under the CDBG and ESG programs inthe operation of a n e mergency sh elter a nd a tr ansitional ho using fa cility a ssisting ho melessindividuals and families County-wide.Community Progress Council, Inc.Community Progress Council, Inc. (CPC) is the Community Action Agency ofYork County. I t implements a wide ar ray of social services, including theFederal WIC and Head Start programs. In its role as housing services provider,CPC delivers the rental assistance and case management services through theHomeless Assistance Program (HAP) and case management through the HumanServices Development Fund (HSDF).256Coordination and Monitoring

Housing & Community Development PlanCPC partners with the County under the CDBG program in the provision of staff to assist low andmoderate income persons and families in accessing renter counseling services and the weatherizationprogram.Healthy York County CoalitionThe Healthy York County Coalition (HYCC) has worked to bring togetherstakeholders from across the community and to u nite them in efforts tobetter Y ork Co unty. T he HY CC is an ongoing c ollaborative e ffort toimprove the health and wellness of the community . The HYCC HousingTask Force has been meeting since 1998 with a mission of incre asing theavailability of af fordable housing and improvin g housing c onditionscountywide. Pr ojects i nclude the Af fordable Ho using Expa nsion Stu dy a nd the Yo rk Cou ntyHousing Summit.Housing Authority of the City of YorkThe Housing Authority is a housing ope rator a nd dev eloper. I t is anindependent entity, operating in the City and County. The Commissioners donot have appointing authority for the Board of the Housing Authority. TheHousing Aut hority provides re ntal assistance in the form of Sec tion 8certificates and housing vouchers, manages public housing developments,and provides home-ownership opportunities for residents in public housingand supportive services for elderly and disabled residents located in publicand Section 8 housing units. The County and the Housing Authority havecollaborated on housing activities, including County-wide scattered site rental rehabilitation and newconstruction. Mo st r ecently, th e Cou nty has partnered w ith the Au thority’s no t f or pr ofitdevelopment arm, Creating Opportunities in Neighborhood Environments (CONE), constructing newunits for low and moderate income households.Housing Alliance of YorkThe Housing Alliance of York (HAY) is a housing operator and servicesprovider and a developer. It was created through a merger of HousingInitiatives, Inc. and the Housing Council of York, Inc. HAY is a housingservices provider, technical advisor for not-for-profit entities, and a notfor-profitdeveloper in its own right.In its role as housing services provider, HAY delivers the following programs:• Homebuyer Assistance Program and Homebuyer Workshops• Homeowner Emergency Mortgage Assistance Program (for HUD)• Homeowner Counseling Programs• Home Equity Conversion Mortgage Program (for HUD)• Loss Mitigation Program (for HUD)• PHFA-sponsored housing programsIt a lso se rves a s te chnical a dvisor t o th e Yo rk Ha bitat f or Hu manity, a ssisting th e Agency innavigating the land development and Federal and State grant funding processes. As a not for profitdeveloper, it ha s developed new single-family units for purchase by low- and moderate incomeCoordination and Monitoring 257

Housing & Community Development Planpersons and manages a HOME project housing elderly low and moderate income households. HAYis a certified Community Housing Development Organization (CHDO).REALTORS® Association of York and Adams CountiesThe REALTORS® Assoc iation of York and Adams C ounties(RAYAC) is a housing services provider. It partners with the Cityand the County in the Homebuyers Assistance Program by providingvolunteer real estate professionals as teachers at the homebuyers workshops and by promoting theprogram through member REALTORS® county-wide.Private DevelopersFor profit and not for profit housing de velopers are housing ope rators a nd develope rs. Thedevelopers research and obtain funding from other Federal, State, and private sources to leverageCounty resour ces. The y contra ct with private c onstruction and ar chitectural companie s fordevelopments, obtain supportive se rvice providers, and manage the properties upon completion.They partner with the County in the rehabilitation, conversion, and construction of new housingunits.York Area Development CorporationYork Area Development Corporation (YADC) is a housing operatorand deve loper. I t partner s with the County and the City in thepreservation and development of affordable and supportive housing.YADC is a certified Community Housing Development Organization(CHDO).York Habitat for HumanityYork Habitat for Humanity is a housing developer and a housing servicesprovider. I t pa rtners wi th t he Cou nty in t he de velopment o f a ffordablehousing County-wide. Since 1985, York Ha bitat has construc ted andrehabilitated 92 homes, providing affordable housing for over 300 persons.YWCA of YorkThe YWCA of York is aemergency housing operator and a developer. It hasdeveloped housing and coordinated community development improvementswithin the Cit y through the Pennsylvania Elm Street Prog ram. It mergedwith ACCESS-York, Inc., and partners with the County in the operation ofan eme rgency shel ter and thre e tra nsitional housing fa cilities assistingvictims of domestic abuse and their families County-wide.YWCA of HanoverThe YWCA of Hanover is an emergency housing services provider. It partners with the County toprovide shelter nights to assist victims of domestic abuse and their families County-wide.258Coordination and Monitoring

Housing & Community Development PlanYMCA of York and York CountyThe YMCA of York and York County is an emergency housing operator and developer.It partners with the City in the rehabilitation of housing to create affordable rental unitsand neighborhood renewal. The YMCA partners with the County in the operation of anemergency shelter housing homeless men County-wide.United Way of York CountyThe United Way of York County partners with the County in the identification and assessment ofhousing needs and programs.Local Partners in Community Development - Public ServicesThe County involves several partners in the planning, administration and delivery of programs andactivities under its publ ic service programs. Public service providers a re selected through theCounty’s three (3)-year funding plan applica tion process. The partners listed below have beenfunded in prior years:The ARC of York CountyThe ARC of York County is a public servic e provider. It is an advocate formentally retarded persons in York County, and partners with the County in theoperation of Camp Pennwood, a day camp providing enriching activities formentally retarded adults.Community Progress Council, Inc.In addition to the housing services described above, CPC is a public service provider operating andassisting local community centers in the City and the County . CPC also opera tes a c aseworkerdivision that provides services to several other housing operators and service providers and publicservice providers. The County partners with CPC in the provision of staff to assist low and moderateincome persons and families in assessing their needs and accessing services at the Mason-DixonCommunity Center.Family First Health CorporationFamily First Health Corporation is a public service provider. It is operateslocal health centers in the City and the County. The County partners withFamily First in the provision primary health care staff to ser ve low andmoderate income persons at rural health centers.The Jewish Community CenterThe Jew ish Com munity Ce nter ( JCC) i s a no t-for-profit h uman s ervice wh osemission is to strengthen and preserve Jewish culture, promote mutual understandingand the acceptance of diversity, and enhance the well being of our members and thecommunities services through cultural, educational, physical, recreational, and socialopportunities. Th e JCC pa rtners wi th t he Cou nty in t he pr ovision of div ersityacceptance programs including “Celebrate,” a diversity elementary assembly; a secondary program"Get Real"; and the "Culturally Proficiency Framework" for all grade levels. Each program is offeredin local schools and is desig ned in collaboration with local school districts with the objective ofdeveloping an awareness, understanding, and appreciation of human differences while encouraginga positive sense of self worth.Coordination and Monitoring 259

Housing & Community Development PlanPenn-Mar OrganizationPenn-Mar Organization is a housing operator and public service provider.It develops and operates supportive housing and sheltered workshops formentally and phy sically disadvantag ed adults in Pennsy lvania andMaryland. Penn-Mar also provides supportive services to several HOME assisted residences locatedin the County. The County partners with Penn-Mar in the provision of staff at the Southern YorkCounty Community Center to assist low and moderate income persons and families in assessing theirneeds and accessing servicesUnited Way of York CountyThe United Way of York County (United Way) partners with the County in the identification andassessment of public services needs and programs.Local Partners in Community Development - Public FacilitiesThe County involves a multitude of partners in the planning, administration and delivery of programsand activities under public facilities programs.MunicipalitiesThere are 71 municipalities located in the County, exclusive of the City. Most local roads, bridges,sidewalks, and storm drainage and flood prevention facilities and parks in the County are built,maintained and operated by either boroughs or townships. Some community centers are owned bymunicipalities. Most of the public facilities improvements undertaken are through partnerships withthe Boroughs and Townships.Utilities, Authorities, and CommissionsUtility company and local authorities build, maintain and operate water and sanitary sewer systems.Recreation commissions buil d, maintain and oper ate many park a nd community facilities. TheCounty partners with the utilities, authorities, and commissions only through the municipalities inwhich the improvements are located.Pennsylvania Department of TransportationThe P ennsylvania D epartment of Transportation ( PennDOT) b uilds a nd m aintains r oadwaysthroughout the County. The County partners with the PennDOT only through the municipalities inwhich the improvements are located.Historic York, Inc.Historic York, Inc., is an a dvocate for historic pr eservation and resource. It partnerswith the County in the inventory of historic resources, assists municipalities and privateentities in the protection o f resources, and provide s technica l assistance in thecompliance with the Historic Preservation Act.260Coordination and Monitoring

Housing & Community Development PlanRegional Partners in Housing and Community DevelopmentThe County is also part of a regional housing and c ommunity development pa rtnership – TheCentral-Harrisburg Region Continuum of Care. Implements the “Pennsylvania Ten (10)-Year Planto End Homelessness”. The County participates on the RHAB.Strengths in the Institutional StructureThe primary strength in the County’s institutional structure is the opportunity for interaction amongall the governmental, not for profit and for profit agencies and organizations that administer anddeliver services and housing to City and County residents a nd businesses. The County utilizesadvisory committees, such as the EFSAB and the County’s Citizen Advisory Committee (CAC), toallow representation from a wide range of agencies and local governments. The committees suchas these provide opportunities for agencies and organizations to cooperate and coordinate servicesamongst themselves, and to provide guidance to the governmental agencies that fund programs.They also provide County-wide interaction among agencies and organizations across categories ofservice as well as geographically. Examples of multi-agency endeavors that have sprung from suchinteraction follow:York County Human Servic es Ne eds Assessment study , completed in 2007. The study wascommissioned by a collaborative group comprised of the County Human Services, the YCPC, andthe United Way. The surveys and feed back generated by the study stated that the human servicesdelivery system provides most of the services needed by York County residents, offers a wide varietyof services through the combined governmental and private sector entities, and generally satisfiesits consumers.Housing Summit organized by the HYCC and the YCPC. The Summit attracted 150 members ofthe community , inclu ding representatives of the County and City g overnments, directors a ndemployees of not for prof it housing and human service organizations, private deve lopers, localbanking representatives, local REALTORS®, and others. Preparation for the Summit began withseven workshops held in the fall of 2008. Institutional strengths cited at the workshops and Summitincluded:• broad scope of quality, concerned housing and human service providers operating in the City andCounty; and• ability to acc ess knowledg e and se rvices at the YCPC in areas of planning, land use,transportation, and housing and community development.Housing Needs Study for the Criminal Justice Advisory Board (CJAB), a board comprised of CountyCourt of Common Pleas judges, was undertaken in partnership with the YCPC. The study assessedthe housing and service needs of people with serious mental illness and/or co-occurring substanceabuse involved in the criminal justice system in the County. Specific institutional strengths includedthe broad array of housing and mental health entities that provide services and affordable housingin the County and the collaborative efforts between them.Coordination and Monitoring 261

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 36: Institutional StructureAdministrationand PlanningHousing Activities ProvidersOperating Services Development PublicCommunityDevelopment ActivitiesProvidersServicePublicFacilitiesCounty of YorkBoard of CountyCommissionersDepartment of HumanServicesEmergency Food and ShelterBoardxxxxYork County ParksDepartmentxYork County PlanningCommissionHousing and CommunityDevelopment (HCD)Local PartnersCity of YorkxxxxBorough of Hanover x xBell Socialization Services,Inc.x x x xCommunity ProgressCouncil, Inc.xxHealthy York CountyCoalitionHousing Authority of the Cityof Yorkxx x x xHousing Alliance of York x x xRealtors Assn. of York andAdams CountiesxxPrivate DevelopersxUnited Way of York CountyxYork Area DevelopmentCorporationxx262Coordination and Monitoring

Housing & Community Development PlanTable 36: Institutional StructureAdministrationand PlanningHousing Activities ProvidersOperating Services Development PublicCommunityDevelopment ActivitiesProvidersServicePublicFacilitiesYork Habitat for HumanityxYWCA of York x x xYWCA of HanoverYMCA of York and YorkCountyxx x xARC of York CountyFamily First HealthCorporationPenn-Mar OrganizationxxxMunicipalitiesUtilities, Authorities, andCommissionsPennsylvania Department ofTransportationxxxHistoric York, Inc.Jewish Community CenterYork Economic DevelopmentCorporationxxxRegional PartnersCentral-HarrisburgContinuum of Care (CoC)Source: York County Planning Commission, HCD DepartmentxCoordination and Monitoring 263

Housing & Community Development PlanYork County Economi c Development Plan, completed in June 2009, was pre pared throug h apartnership between the YCEDC and the YCPC. The purpose of the plan was to assess the localeconomic strengths and weakness, determine types of growth and target industries suitable for theCounty and its municipalities, and delineate strategies to pursue such growth and industries whileproviding guidance for directing sustainable development. As noted in the above cited studies,institutional strengths included the broad array of organizations which provide a variety of programs,and collaborate together on various initiatives.These studies all discuss institutional strengths and weaknesses. The following is a summary ofinstitutional strengths drawn from the studies.• Human services in the County benefit from diversity of services which provide most of theneeded services for County residents at a level that consumers find generally satisfactory.• Housing in t he County benefits from the County’s Comprehensive Plan and strong Countyplanning agency which provide a land use framework supporting local planning efforts. Theavailability of programs for affordable housing development, rehabilitation of af fordablehousing, and provision of emergency and transitional housing combine with dedicated socialservice agencies to the benefit of County residents. Local developers are willing and able to takeadvantage of f unding oppor tunities for aff ordable housing, f orm partne rships with fundingagencies, and deve lop technical capacity. Public transit is available in the County to serveaffordable housing developments• Economic development in the County benefits from the availability of many programs andresources that are accessible through local institutions. Program categories range from planningsupport, heritage development, workforce development, to business mentoring and financing.Another strength is the county-wide application of housing, community development, and economicdevelopment programs. The County, the YCPC, and the YCEDC rely on municipalities, developers,businesses, and not for profit and for profit agencies and organizations to identify needs, undertakeactivities and development, and deliver services. Requests for activities and services come fromCounty businesses, consumers, and organizations, ensuring that local needs are identified and thatactivities are taking place in every municipality in the County. Economic development would notoccur without the for-profit bus inesses and de velopers that ag ree to invest in the County . Aninstitutional strength in the County is t he ability of the institutions t o attract and partner withinterested busine sses and de velopers, espec ially wher e tar geted activity is neede d. Tec hnicalassistance is available to help identify priority needs.Gaps in the Institutional StructureThe studies described above all addressed gaps in the institutional structure. The following is asummary of identified gaps:Human services agencies do not always have the technical ability to develop housing for their servicepopulations. On an indivi dual project level, partnerships between huma n services and housingproviders have been able to provide the connection between service and housing needs, but on asystem level, gaps remain. Recommendations include a county-based homeless planning group,inter-agency training, and cross-disciplinary team approaches to individual consumer needs.264Coordination and Monitoring

Housing & Community Development PlanAnother gap relates to the need to develop a centralized management information system with theobjectives of providing information, improving coordination and cooperation between departmentsand agencies, and reducing consumers’ need to resubmit basic information. The County HumanServices Department has already begun addressing this concern by implementing the HMIS systemfor homeless providers and designing a common data collection and a outcomes reporting systemfor County departments and partners.Housing issues in clude gaps in knowledg e regarding the importance of municipal adoption andenforcement of property maintenance and housing codes and greater inter-municipal planning inprovision of and maintenance of quality affordable housing. Gaps in knowledge on the part of thepublic and loca l officials of the need a nd value of affordable housing, suppor tive housing, andresources for those in need and the Fair Housing Act were cited.Housing and service providers are cognizant of the need to share information and improve deliveryof ho using a nd hu man s ervices. A H ousing Ad visory Cou ncil, a c ombined Ci ty a nd Cou ntyinitiative for identifying needs and resources, has been approved by governing bodies. Compositionof the board is under discussion at this time.Economic de velopment in the County benef its fro m the numerous programs and pa rticipatingorganizations and governments, but there is a need for enhanced collaboration and communicationso that entities can learn from one another and leverage funding from another. In addition, there isa need for consolidated source of information on workforce development programs, agriculturalbusiness development and programs, and downtown development programs and resources. Othernoted gaps would be improved by creation of a sing le group focusing on primary and secondaryeducation and its relationship to workforce development and a strong network for downtowns in theCounty.CoordinationA considerable amount of coordination is involved not only in preparing the Consolidated Plan, butalso in carrying out the housing and community development strategy component of the Plan.Consolidated Plan PreparationYork County has coordinated its housing and community development planning with State and localgovernments. Discussion involved significant housing problems, regulatory barriers to providinghousing, gaps in the linkage between services and housing, how to target or prioritize for housing,and public/private partnerships to address housing concerns.York County prepared a Housing Needs Assessment Survey to identify housing problems and needsand resources expected to be utilized over the next five (5) years. The survey was distributed to the72 municipalities in the County, and to 41 public servic e agencies and housing providers and 37members of the Citizens Advisory Council. The Survey had a 35.9% response rate and includedresponses municipalities, agencies, and members of the Citizen’s Advisory Council. The Surveyprovided valuable information on housing resources, services provided, and perceived unmet needs.The County also prepared a Public Services Ne eds Assessment Survey to identify public serviceneeds throughout the County. This Survey was distributed to the 72 municipalities, and to 32 publicCoordination and Monitoring 265

Housing & Community Development Planservice agencies including social service, housing and economic development organizations.. TheSurvey had a 63% response rate included responses from municipalities, and various agencies andorganizations. Respondents to the Survey not only identified needs, but also prioritized the needs.In addition, the County prepared a Community Development Needs Assessment Survey to identifyneeds dealing with public facilities, infrastructure improvements, economic development, planning,lead-based paint hazards, code enforcement, and energy efficiency improvements. The Survey wasdistributed to the 72 municipalities and had a 65% response rate. This Survey results included theidentification and prioritization of needs in each category, as well as an estimate of the amount offunds that would be necessary to meet the identified needs.Finally, all 71 municipalities that are part of the York County Urban County program, as well as theCity of Yo rk, w ere c onsulted r egarding the Con solidated Pl an f or 20 05-2009 a nd c ommentsrequested. Neighboring Counties, including Adams, Cumberland, Dauphin, and Lancaster Counties,Pennsylvania, and Baltimore and Harford Counties, Maryland, as well as the Commonwealth ofPennsylvania - Bureau of Community Development and Planning, were also requested to commenton the Consolidated Plan.Implementation of Housing and Community Development StrategyThroughout the implementation phase, the County wi ll continue to coor dinate its housing a ndcommunity development e fforts with it s 71 constituted municipalities, the C ity of York, a ndadjoining Counties in Pennsylvania and Maryland. The County will also continue to participate inregional and State wide housing and community development planning initiatives.The County Planning Commission, represented by a Housing and Community Development staffperson, is a me mber of var ious boards and committees. Among these a re the Human Servic esAdvisory Board, the F ederal Emergency Management Board, the Emergency Food a nd ShelterAdvisory Board, Affordable Housing Endeavors, Healthy York County Coalition Housing TaskForce, and the Southeastern York County Community Regional Task Force. Meetings are heldregularly to d iscuss related issues dealing with housing, emergency shelter, supportive services,employment/training, and community needs.The County will continue to maintain contact with the various public and nonprofit agencies thatprovide housing and supportive services to lower income households. Although the agencies areindependent of one another, they do work together to ensure that their programs and services arecoordinated and that the needs of residents are served. The County also encourages developers ofassisted housing to partner with a nonprofit agency for the provision of supportive services.In carrying out the strategy, activities are also coordinated with the York County ComprehensivePlan. Housing development activities are only encouraged in areas that are designated as “growthareas in the County Comprehensive Plan. Also, first time homebuyers are required to purchase ahome in areas that are served by public water and public sewer, which is consistent with the goalsfor growth and development set forth in the County Comprehensive Plan. In addition, all proposedwater and sewer activities are reviewed by the County Planning Commission for consistency withthe County and municipal Comprehensive Plans.266Coordination and Monitoring

Housing & Community Development PlanThe County also encourages inter municipal cooperation. Applications for communitydevelopmentactivities a re g iven b onus po ints if the a pplication in volves c oordination w ith ot her ent ities.Examples of such activities include regional comprehensive plans, park improvements, storm watermanagement improvements, and sanitary sewer improvements.Monitoring Standards and ProceduresThe County will monitor activities carried out in furtherance of the ConsolidatedPlan to ensure long-term compliance with the programs involved. Themonitoringstandards and procedures utilized are as follows:CDBG Program - Housing Rehabilitation ActivitiesAfter a rehabilitation/home improvement activity is completed, a letter will be annually sent to eachHousing Rehabilitation client/property owner to verify the following Program requirements:a. the client continues to own and live in the property,b. the client has paid all property taxes and sewer/water rentals,c. the client continues to maintain the property,d. the client carries sufficient property (homeowners) insurance, ande. the client nas not declared bankruptcy or financial insolvency.The Housing and Community Development staff will also make numerous spot checks of existingclient properties to assure compliance with the Program requirements.CDBG Program-Public Service, Planning, and Public Facility/Infrastructure ImprovementActivitiesThese activities will be monitored in accordance with the following “Monitoring Procedures,” asoutlined.Monitoring ProceduresA. Public Service, Planning, and Public Facility/Infrastructure Improvement Activities:1. Payment of Invoices: Invoices will be required to be submitted directly to the CountyPlanning Commission (YCPC) with a “Request for Payment” form signed by themunicipality/non-profit entity. YCPC staff will review backup documentation to determinewhether expenses are reasonable, accurate, and appropriate. Required submissions (laborcompliance forms and quarterly reports) will be reviewed.2. Quarterly Annual Reports: Municipalities/non-profit entities will be required to submit“Quarterly Report Forms” by the 10th day following the end of the calendar quarter (March31, June 30, September 30, December 31). YCPC staff will review quarterly reports forprogress.Coordination and Monitoring 267

Housing & Community Development PlanB. Planning and Public Facility/Infrastructure Improvement Activities:1. Professional Services: Competitive Negotiation Method of Procurement (when services arebeing paid with CDBG funds)a. YCPC staff will prepare and advertise a “Request for Qualification Statement”b. Municipality/non-profit entity will follow “YCPC Selection Procedure” to awardprofessional services contract.c. Documentation of selection process must be sent to YCPC for review by staff.d. Professional services contracts will be prepared by YCPC staff with appropriateprogrammatic and Federal requirements; a signed copy will be kept in activity file.e. Requests for changes in contract will require YCPC review and approval prior toamendment.C. Public Facility/Infrastructure Improvement Activities:1. Construction:a. Municipality/non-profit entity will be required to hold a public meeting with affectedproperty owners and residents, if any.b. Municipality/non-profit entity will be required to use a Competitive Sealed Bid methodof procurement:1) Specifications and plans will be required to be submitted to YCPC staff for reviewand insertion of federal requirements and applicable wage decision.2) Advertisement of “Invitation to Bid” by project engineer/architect3) Distribution of bid packages by YCPC4) Bid opening at YCPC5) YCPC checks low bidder against debarred list6) Bid award by municipality/non-profit entityc. Municipality/non-profit entity schedules a Preconstruction Conference with YCPC staff& contractord. Contractor compliance with federal labor requirements monitored by YCPC staffe. Municipality using own forces will be required to submit a Procurement SummaryTable for materials and services for review by YCPC staff.f. Site visits will be conducted by YCPC staff to monitor progress.g. Change orders will be required to be approved by YCPC staff prior to execution.D. Public Service Activities:YCPC staff conduct regular monitoring visits to agencies funded on the basis of benefittingpredominately low and moderate income persons in order to review documentation of low andmoderate income. Annual audit reports are submitted and reviewed.CloseoutA. Public Service, Planning, and Public Facility/Infrastructure Improvement Activities:1. Municipality/non-profit entity will be required to submit a final “Request for Payment”form.2. Municipality/non-profit entity will be required to submit a final “Quarterly Report”form.268Coordination and Monitoring

Housing & Community Development PlanB. Planning Activities:1. Municipality/non-profit entity will be required to submit a resolution by governing bodyadopting plan or study.2. Municipality/non-profit entity will be required to submit a copy of the planningdocument accepted by the subrecipient.C. Public Facility/Infrastructure Improvement Activities:1. Municipality/non-profit entity will be required to conduct a final inspection with YCPCstaff in attendance.2. Municipality/non-profit entity will be required to submit an engineer/architectCertificate of Substantial Completion, where applicable.HOME Program - Housing Development ActivitiesMonitoring of HOME Program housing development activities begins on a monthly basis as soonas the de velopment has tena nts. The manag ement company of ea ch development submits, on amonthly basis, the move-ins, move-outs and re-certification of existing tenants for the month. Fromthis information, the HOME Prog ram Spec ialist updates the C ompliance Repor t for ea chdevelopment a nd do es a n a nalysis of the inf ormation to de termine if th e de velopment i s incompliance and if there are any concerns that should be addressed with the developer. On a yearlybasis, the property management company of each development submits a certification form verifyingthat the management company adheres to the regulations and guidelines of the HOME Program, aswell as a Benefits Data Report listing the composition of each household (i.e., race, sex, disabledstatus, and familial status information).An annual site visit will be made to the management company’s office to monitor the actual files ofeach housing pro ject. This will include re viewing the re ntal lease to ensure tha t it meets therequirements of the HOME Program and does not contain any prohibited clauses, scrutinizing themarketing pr actices for c ompliance with F air Housing and re cord ke eping require ments; andverifying tenant incomes and rentals for compliance with the income levels of the HOME Program.A letter documenting any deficiencies will be sent to the management company with a deadline forcorrecting the situation. Time frames for correcting the deficiencies will be at the discretion of thestaff depending on the nature of the items.Finally, an annual physical inspection of the property will be completed by a staff member familiarwith Housing Quality Standards (HQS). A report of the inspection will be sent to the managementcompany with a thirty (30)-day time frame for correction of all violations.SummaryThis Chapter has presented information related to guiding policies and programs. Anti-povertystrategies and actions to address anti-poverty. Coordination involved in the Plan’s development andimplementation are presented. The County’s institutional structure is outlined, along with i tsstrengths and gaps. Monitoring standards and procedures are also included.Coordination and Monitoring 269

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

APPENDIXRelated Plans and Studies

PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

TitleStudy of Low/Moderate Income Housing in YorkCountyCounty Mental Health/Substance Abuse Housing PlanYork County Human Relations CommissionFeasibility StudyFair Housing Analysis of Impediments- YorkCounty, PAPrepared for Healthy York County Coalition Commonwealth of PennsylvaniaOffice of Mental Health and Substance Abuse,Department of Public WelfareYork County Community Against Racism (YCCAR)HUD, Office of Fair Housing Equal OpportunityBy: York County Planning Commission (KathyHottinger)Date Completed 2000 2007 2006 2004PurposeNeighborhood impact study of ten (10) “aged”affordable housing communities to determinestrengths and deficiencies of existing affordablehousing developments.County programs utilizing reinvestment to expandtheir supportive housing programs.Evidence of need for a York County HumanRelations Commission and how it could be createdand funded.Analyze the barriers to create and sustainaffordable housing. Develop practicalrecommendations.Summary Eight (8) subsidized housing projects and two (2)market rate control sites (located in DoverTownship and Dallastown Borough). Study wasdone using research of County records, discussionwith management agents, public representatives,census, survey and internet data.The ability to utilize HealthChoices ReinvestmentFunds to create a comprehensive AffordableHousing Plan has required the County toreexamine its current continuum of care, analyzingthe service gaps and unmet needs.The HealthChoices Management Unit and theMH/MR Program of York and Adams Counties areproposing a multi-year Affordable HousingDevelopment Plan utilizing HealthChoicesReinvestment Funds. Housing developmentstrategies proposed under this Plan include capitalfunding, operating subsidies, master leasing rentalsubsidies, housing contingency funds, programmanagement and clearinghouse, and housingsupport services. The proposed number of newaffordable housing slots to be developed is 65-75for York County and 10 units for Adams County.YorkCounts determined, by way of the RuskReport, that in order to break down the segregatedracial lines in the community, a County-wide humanrelations commission should be formed.This report looked at the growth in York Countybetween 1990 and 2000 using Census data. Theimpact that growth had on residents findingaffordable housing was also examined. In addition,recommendations and strategies were outlined withsteps the County could use to address fair housingopportunities and to eradicate impediments to fairhousing choice.Key Findings • no evidence of decline in property values due tothe construction or rehabilitation of affordableunits• market rate units were created in areas after theaffordable units had been constructed• local officials received no complaints about thephysical structures of affordable housing• tenant participation in development andmanagement increased order in the community• on site management was stressed as important• current affordable housing addressed the needsfor affordable housing• most developments contribute to the local taxbase• crime and fire do not appear to be majoroccurrences.Identification of priority consumer groups: 1) adultsliving with serious mental illness; 2) transitional agepopulation and 3) adults with serious mental illnessinvolved in the criminal justice system.• lack of available housing options that are safe,affordable and permanent• creating permanent supportive housing optionswill help create movement with the currentContinuum of Care, which is now stagnant• consumer feedback from housing surveysindicates a demand and desire for livingarrangements like permanent supportive housing• many stakeholders, including LHOT, haveidentified this population as one that is indesperate need of permanent supportivehousing opportunities• Objectives include: capital investment, projectbasedoperating subsidies, master leasingprogram, tenant based rental subsidies, programmanagement/clearinghouse, housingcontingency fund, housing support services.A human relations ordinance would give thiscommission:• legal status – could enforce breaches of civilrights law• bring the community together to come up withcommon solutions• education and outreach• coordination with PA Human RelationsCommission, EEOC and HUD• provide easier access for local individuals• commission for the entire County, not separatefrom the CityThere is some discrimination occurring in the sakeand rental of housing, mainly toward families withchildren, minorities and persons with disabilities.There is a limited supply of multi-family dwellingsand public housing; limited public transportationservices; a lack of knowledge by residentsregarding various programs available to providefinancial assistance for home purchase, homerental or home improvements; zoning regulationsthat severely restrict the types of dwellingsconstructed or the density of housing; and the lackof programs to promote economically diverseneighborhoods.

TitleStudy of Low/Moderate Income Housing in YorkCountyCounty Mental Health/Substance Abuse Housing PlanYork County Human Relations CommissionFeasibility StudyFair Housing Analysis of Impediments- YorkCounty, PAKeyRecommendationsThis was a study only. No recommendations weremade.• Hire a Housing Coordinator and three (3) supportpositions.• Obtain a Long Term Commitment of AffordableHousing• Create a Tenant Referral ProgramFour (4) scenarios:• York County Commissioners create a newCounty Human Relations Commission• York County Commissions opt to affiliate with theCity Human Relations Commission• York County Commissioners create a newCounty Human Relations Commission foradjudication only; County would contract with theCity and would pay on a per case basis• Continue to rely on the PA Human RelationsCommission• Continued support of the Affordable HousingTrust Fund to develop affordable housing• Continued activities to promote housingprograms• Continued support of the Housing Council(Housing Alliance) and their programs• Continued support of other public serviceagencies• Advocate the policies and proposal set forth inthe County Comprehensive Plan• Educate local official with regard to fair housinglaws and how they relate to zoning andsubdivision/land development ordinances• Continued support of education and outreachactivities• W ork with other State and local governmentsand agencies jointly and cooperatively toaddress fair housing impediments in the City andthe CountyAgency responsiblefor implementationnone HealthChoices Management Unit York County Commissioners York County Planning CommissionCurrent Status This information is now nine (9) years old. There are many unknowns. The County willcontinue to take careful steps exploring newhousing development opportunities, building newalliances and partnerships, and discovering ways toleverage its resources in order to create andsustain permanent supportive housing opportunitiesfor individuals and families living with mental illness.Comments orLimitationsNo action has been taken.This study was gathered over a five (5)-year period.Most cases were filed under discrimination, nothousing discrimination. Half of the cases filed underhousing discrimination (35 cases total) weredismissed finding no probable cause. The start-upand ongoing costs could burden other agencies iffunding to those agencies was cut to fund theCommission. The PA Human RelationsCommission currently handles these cases.From the time of this report to the present, theCounty has continued to develop affordablehousing. 289 affordable rental units were created,along with 14 homeowner units in Dover Borough,four (4) in Goldsboro Borough and two (2) in RedLion Borough. The County continues to supportlocal non-profits in their efforts and programsrelating to educational and housing issues.

TitleAffordable Housing Expansion StrategyHousing Authority of the City of York, Pa PA0225-Year Action Plan (2005-2010)Annual Action Plan (2002-2009)Consolidated Plan FY 2005-2009 for the City ofYorkHousing Needs for Those Released from theCriminal Justice System in York CountyPrepared forHealthy York County Coalition Housing Task ForceBy: Mullin Lonergan AssociatesHUD, Office of Public and Indian Housing The City of York and HUD County of York/York County Planning CommissionDate Completed 2006 2008 2004 2006PurposeDetermine if the goal to create 100 new affordablehousing units over five (5) years (2006-2011) wasreasonable.The York Housing Authority aims to provide safe,decent and affordable housing opportunities topeople who are eligible, in a manner thatencourages self-sufficiency.To strategically implement federal programs thatfund housing and community and economicdevelopment activities within the City.To provide appropriate, safe, decent and affordablehousing for individuals with mental health and/orco-occurring substance issues being released fromthe criminal justice system a chance to re-entersociety and receive specialized services they needin order to reduce the high percentage rates ofincarcerations and recidivism.SummaryThis report looks at the capacity of the York Countynon-profit and for-profit developers to developaffordable housing in the County, create aninventory of existing affordable housing in the“pipeline” and determine where there could be othersources of funding not already being utilized tocreate more units.reviewer did not provide.This plan sets forth the goals for the City over a five(5) -year period to strengthen partnerships withother jurisdictions and to extend and strengthenpartnerships among all levels of government andthe private sector to provide decent housing,establish and maintain a suitable living environmentand expand economic opportunities for York Cityresidents.There is a general consensus that many of theindividuals in the target population commit crimesbecause they are mentally ill, not because they arecriminals and that if viable alternatives wereavailable, they would not end up incarcerated. Theimpact of the closing of civil state hospitals and theshortage of crisis beds turn out as temporaryarrangements. Many are discharged withoutappropriate supports and find themselves back injail. In short, many are in prison because of thelack of safe community-based options.The York County Criminal Justice Advisory Board(CJAB) engaged Diana T Myers and Associates toconduct a housing needs study of people withmental illness in the criminal justice system.Key FindingsAt the time of this report, the County wasexperiencing growth in the number of householdsbeing created each year. There was an increase ingrowth of the economy and the demand for housingwhich, in turn, created an increase in housing costs.The report indicated that the County was already ontrack to produce more than 100 units over five (5)years that was suggested by York Counts. It isalso noted that more than 100 units over five (5)years would be needed to meet the needs ofaffordable housing.• Increasethe availability of decent, safe andaffordable housing• Improve the quality of assisted housing• Increase assisted housing choices• Provide an improved living environment• Promote self-sufficiency and asset developmentof individuals and families• Ensure equal opportunity and fair housing• need to increase homeownership• need to reduce housing blight and deterioration• need to strengthen neighborhoods• need to provide safe and accessible housing• homelessness and inadequate housingcontribute to the number of arrests,incarcerations, and parole violations among thetarget population• when homelessness was used as variable, therewere higher rates of recidivism• increasing the number of type of housing optionsshould have an direct impact on reducing thenumber of arrests, parole violations andincarcerations• there is a lack of specialized emergency,transitional, and permanent housing for peoplewith criminal histories in York County• persons with criminal histories face specialbarriers to accessing the affordable housing thatis available• the needs of the target population includeaffordable housing linked to the appropriateservices for mental health, substance usedisorders, life skills, education, vocation.

TitleAffordable Housing Expansion StrategyHousing Authority of the City of York, Pa PA0225-Year Action Plan (2005-2010)Annual Action Plan (2002-2009)Consolidated Plan FY 2005-2009 for the City ofYorkHousing Needs for Those Released from theCriminal Justice System in York CountyKeyRecommendations• Determine the need for affordable workforcehousing by surveying major employers in theCounty• Build capacity of small, local non-profitdevelopers• Foster communication and coordination betweendevelopers, government, employers and humanservice agencies• Treat affordable housing as a regional issue• Update zoning regulations to allow moreclustered housing design• Secure a reliable source of pre-developmentloans for local housing providers to allow them tomove forward with affordable housingdevelopment• Expand the use of non-traditional fundingmechanisms• Create he local expertise to rebuild urbanneighborhoods• Neighborhood-based strategy developed: focusresources to Fairmont and Olde Towne Eastneighborhoods• Strategic alliance formed with Asbury Church,Spanish American Center, Olde Towne EastNeighborhood Association, Downtown EastAssociation, and the Locust Street ImprovementAssociation• Neighborhood revitalization strategy will bedeveloped• Continue to improve economic conditions bycreating new business opportunities andretaining existing businesses• Intercept Point 4: Re-entry from jail is focus.• Three categories of housing are recommended: Short-term/Emergency housing for personswith serious mental illness (10 beds) Transitional housing for individuals withmental illness who meet HUDs definition ofhomeless under the Continuum of Care andhalfway houses for those who do not (12-bed Safe Haven and 12-bed halfway houseand 10-unit bridge program) Permanent supportive housing associatedwith a flexible array of comprehensiveservices (45 Shelter Plus Care/32 forchronic homeless, 25-tenant based rentalassistance, 30-unit perm. supportivehousing units, a lodge for five (5) individualsto live/work, expand Housing ChoiceVoucher Program by 50 unitsAgency responsiblefor implementationnot indicated Housing Authority of the City of York City of York York County CJABCurrent StatusSome of the pipeline projects have been completed– Stony Brook Gardens, Hanover SeniorResidences, Village Court, Red Lion Boroughproject. Spring Valley Manor II has two (2) moreunits to complete. Kings Mill did not proceed. WestPrincess rental and turnkey are still in development.Housing Authority currently working on 2010-2014Plan, due out May 2009Fairmont project is completed. Olde Towne East isin process. The City has added a project in thewest end of the City on West Street and hascommitted HOME dollars to this project. Thedeveloper (YMCA) currently has an application fortax credits submitted to PHFA.The York Housing Authority has expanded theHousing Choice Voucher Program for additionalunits for this target population.Bell Socialization is currently working with publicand private landlords/rental agencies to increasepermanent housing options. Bell has alsopurchased a home in the community where multipleindividuals with mental illness needs can be metwith specialized care.YCPC is ready to assist developers and localagencies with additional housing planning andimplementation for this target population.Comments orLimitationsCensus data was used throughout this report. Itprovides a baseline of current conditions in thecommunity and is an excellent statistical resource.