1. A New Song on the Rotten Potatoes (1847)You landlords of <strong>Ireland</strong> I’d have you beware,And of your poor tenants I’d wish you’d take care;For want of potatoes <strong>in</strong> the present yearFrom the crutch to the cradle [they] are - trembl<strong>in</strong>g with fear.See how starvation meets us <strong>in</strong> the face,But relief is expected from each foreign place.Come, sell all your cattle and don’t keep a tailBefore that you part with your corn or meal.Through <strong>Ireland</strong> the potatoes do rot <strong>in</strong> the field,If you were to see them it would make your heart bleed;If they don’t get relief, then the poor must prevailAnd fight till they die for their corn and meal.Then next try the landlords and see what they’ll do,For they know the potatoes are rotten all through;Tell them for your rent that you’ll give them good bail.Before that you’ll part with your corn or meal.If then to your wishes they will not comply,Then tell them at once that you’d rather to die,For your family is starv<strong>in</strong>g for want of the gra<strong>in</strong>,Then why should you part with your corn or meal.There are some of those landlords play<strong>in</strong>g their pranksAnd send<strong>in</strong>g the tenants -to draw on their banks,They’ll have them like foxes all caught by the tail,And then you must part with your corn and meal.Let the Whigs and Repealers all jo<strong>in</strong> heart and hand,And likewise the Tories to come on one plan,To boldly come forward and never to fail,And then we will have both our corn and meal.Come cheer up good people, you need never fear,For the rents they must fall upon this present year,Sure they can’t tyrannize or attempt to prevailTo make you to part with either corn or meal.Do not be down-hearted, but cheer up once more,The provision is com<strong>in</strong>g from each foreign shore,Good beer, flour and butter, rich sugar and tea,From Russia and Prussia and Americay.B. A New Song Called the Emigrant’s Farewell to Donegal (c. 1846)Good people on you I call, give ear to those l<strong>in</strong>es you soon shall hear,Caus’d me to weep deprived of sleep for part<strong>in</strong>g from my relations dear;My hardships here I can’t endure, there’s noth<strong>in</strong>g here but slavery,I will take my lot and leave this spot and try the land of liberty.Farewell dear Er<strong>in</strong>, fare thee well, that once was call’d the Isle of Sa<strong>in</strong>ts,For here no longer I can dwell, I’m go<strong>in</strong>g to cross the stormy sea,For to live here I can’t endure, there’s noth<strong>in</strong>g here but slavery,My hearts oppress’d, I can f<strong>in</strong>d no rest, I will try the land of liberty.My father holds five acres of land, it was not enough to support us all,Which banishes me from my native land, to old <strong>Ireland</strong> dear I bid farewell.My hardships here, I can’t endure, s<strong>in</strong>ce here no longer I can stayI take my lot and leave this spot and try the land of liberty.My love, you know that trade is low, provisions they’re exceed<strong>in</strong>g high,We see the poor from door to door crav<strong>in</strong>g their wants we can’t supply,To hear their moans, their sighs and groans, with children naked cold andbare,Crave, say relief, it renews my grief as we have noth<strong>in</strong>g for to spare.So now my dear you need not fear the dangers of the rag<strong>in</strong>g sea,If your m<strong>in</strong>d is bent I am content, so now prepare and come away.She says, my dear if you’ll agree to marry me, I’ll quickly prepare,We’ll jo<strong>in</strong> our hands <strong>in</strong> wedlock’s bands and we will stay no longer here.It was <strong>in</strong> the year of 46 I was forced to leave my native land,To old <strong>Ireland</strong> I bid adieu and to my fond relations all,But now I’m <strong>in</strong> America, no rents or taxes we pay at all,So now I bid a long farewell to my native and old Donegal.C. The Kenmare Committee (1847?)The farmers are taxed every quarterAs a means to keep paupers secure,But doctors, priests, parsons and guardiansHave plundered it all from the poor.There were not such wrongs s<strong>in</strong>ce the creationAs is practised on each of our tribe.We are dropp<strong>in</strong>g with want and starvationAnd those villa<strong>in</strong>s elated with pride.The potatoes have failed s<strong>in</strong>ce -the year forty-five;The labour will flourish and trade will revive.Public works and railroads will commence without fail,And then we can purchase both corn and meal.So now my good people, you need never fear,Old <strong>Ireland</strong> will prosper on this present year,But <strong>in</strong>stead of potatoes believe what I say,We’ll have a cheap loaf with a good cup of tea.IiS, <strong>Irish</strong> <strong>history</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>song</strong> 1 & 2, page 18
A case study - from home rule to <strong>in</strong>dependencebased on F Harte’s ‘Songs of rebellion’ from ‘Wars & conflict - Easter 1916’www.bbc.co.uk/<strong>history</strong>/war/easterris<strong>in</strong>g/<strong>song</strong>s/<strong>in</strong>dex.shtmlTowards the end of the n<strong>in</strong>eteenth century, <strong>Irish</strong> political ballads dealt less with the struggles of the <strong>Irish</strong>peasantry over land and concentrated on the struggle for <strong>in</strong>dependence. They told anew the story of<strong>Ireland</strong>’s troubled <strong>history</strong> with its more powerful neighbour, Brita<strong>in</strong>, and captured and supported thepolitical dreams of new generations who sought an <strong>in</strong>dependent nation.The <strong>in</strong>ventiveness and vitality of the tradition of <strong>song</strong>s of protest are well illustrated <strong>in</strong> the <strong>song</strong>s ofrebellion that were sung dur<strong>in</strong>g the period after 1912, when the <strong>in</strong>troduction of the 1912 <strong>Irish</strong> HomeRule Bill radicalized politics <strong>in</strong> <strong>Ireland</strong>.World War I: opposition to enlistment and conscriptionShortly after the pass<strong>in</strong>g of the Home Rule Bill <strong>in</strong> parliament, Brita<strong>in</strong> became embroiled <strong>in</strong> the Great Warand Redmond made a political calculation that <strong>in</strong> time would backfire. He encouraged <strong>Irish</strong>men to jo<strong>in</strong>the British army <strong>in</strong> the belief that by show<strong>in</strong>g solidarity with Brita<strong>in</strong>, Westm<strong>in</strong>ster would not renege onits home rule commitments. Although Redmond received tremendous support not everyone was preparedto back him.Opposition was soon voiced <strong>in</strong> the many anti-enlistment <strong>song</strong>s popular at that time. These derided hiscall for the National Volunteers to enlist <strong>in</strong> the British army and fight <strong>in</strong> France. ‘The Grand Old DameBritannia’, written <strong>in</strong> 1916 by Sean O’Casey, is one of many <strong>song</strong>s which captures the spirit of thatopposition.The Grand Old Dame BritanniaCome all ye scholars sa<strong>in</strong>ts and bards,Says the grand old dame Britannia.Will ye come and jo<strong>in</strong> the <strong>Irish</strong> Guards,Says the grand old dame Britannia.Oh, don’t believe them S<strong>in</strong>n Fe<strong>in</strong> lies,And every Gael that for England dies,Will enjoy ‘Home Rule’ ‘neath the <strong>Irish</strong> skies,Says the grand old dame Britannia.Now Johnny Redmond you ‘re the one,You went to the front and you fired a gun,Well you should have seen them Germans run,Says the grand old dame Britannia.But if you dare to tread on the German’s feet,You’ll f<strong>in</strong>d a package tied up neat,A Home Rule badge and a w<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g sheet,Says the grand old dame Britannia.Anti-enlistment <strong>song</strong>s, and later on anti-conscription ones, relied heavily on sarcasm, a device used byballad makers throughout <strong>history</strong> because it was considered the only weapon the oppressed had aga<strong>in</strong>stthe powerful. These ballads specialized <strong>in</strong> lampoon<strong>in</strong>g politicians and authority figures who encouraged<strong>Irish</strong>men to fight <strong>in</strong> foreign wars. The figure of the Recruit<strong>in</strong>g Sergeant has traditionally been a targetfor verbal abuse and dur<strong>in</strong>g the Great War he provided <strong>in</strong>spiration for many ballads as <strong>in</strong> one fromTipperary, ‘The Recruit<strong>in</strong>g Sergeant’.The Recruit<strong>in</strong>g SergeantAs I was go<strong>in</strong>g along the road and feel<strong>in</strong>g f<strong>in</strong>e and larky O,A recruit<strong>in</strong>g sergeant trim and neat said you’d look f<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> khaki O,The K<strong>in</strong>g he is <strong>in</strong> need of men just read the proclamation O,The life <strong>in</strong> Flanders would be f<strong>in</strong>e, for you it would be vacation O.That may be true I answered back but tell me Sergeant dearie O,If I had a pack stuck on my back would I look f<strong>in</strong>e and cheery OThe proclamations are alright I have read the last of French’s O,Well it might be hot <strong>in</strong> Flanders but its draughty <strong>in</strong> the trenches O.The recruit<strong>in</strong>g sergeant fare no better <strong>in</strong> Dubl<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> the equally sarcastic ‘Sergeant William Bailey’. It waswritten by the Dubl<strong>in</strong> ballad maker Peadar Kearney who wrote many popular <strong>song</strong>s dur<strong>in</strong>g this turbulentperiod, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>Irish</strong> national anthem, ‘Amhrán na bhFiann.Sergeant William BaileySergeant William Bailey was a man of high renown,Tooral looral looral looral loo,In search of gallant young recruits he used to scour the town,Tooral looral looral looral loo,His face was full and swarthy, of medals he had forty,And ribbons on his chest red white and blue,It was he that looked the hero as he made the people stare O,As he stood on Dunphy ‘s corner tooral loo.But alas for human greatness every dog he has his day,Tooral looral looral looral loo,And Sergeant William Bailey he is gett<strong>in</strong>g old and grey,Tooral looral looral looral loo,No longer youths are will<strong>in</strong>g to take his dirty shill<strong>in</strong>g,And th<strong>in</strong>gs for him are look<strong>in</strong>g mighty blue,In spite of fife and drumm<strong>in</strong>g no more recruits are com<strong>in</strong>g,For Sergeant William Bailey tooral loo.IiS, <strong>Irish</strong> <strong>history</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>song</strong> 1 & 2, page 19