red Level 1 - Pro-Ed
red Level 1 - Pro-Ed
red Level 1 - Pro-Ed
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Red<strong>Level</strong> 1T h i r d E d i t i o nStephen P. Quigley Patricia L McAnally Susan Rose Cynthia M. King
eading Milestones is the most popular readingprogram of its kind. This successful, alternativelanguage-controlled program is designed to takereaders from the preprimer to approximatelya fifth-grade reading level. It is especially effective forstudents with hearing impairments and language delaysand is also widely used with students who have speciallanguage and learning needs, including individuals withlearning disabilities and students learning English as asecond language (ESL).2phone orders: 1•800•897•3202 fax: 1•800•397•7633order online (secure server): www.proedinc.com
LEVELS 1, 2, 3The first three levels of theReading Milestones series form acohesiveunit and are designed forin initial reading instruction.authors of Reading Milestonesthat the goal of initial readinginstructionmust be to establish thatuseThebelievewrittenlanguage represents meaning and thatword identificationalone doesnot constitute reading.Comprehensionthe objec- tive.Establishment ofreading as an enjoy-experienceis also anisableimportant goal of ini- tial readinginstruction. To aid in reaching these goals, new syntacticstructures, vocabulary, and concepts in the first three levels ofReading Milestones are presented at a slower rate than in laterlevels. Specific controls for the first level, the Red Books, areprovided in subsequent sections. However, some general principlesare discussed here.VocabularyReading <strong>Level</strong>s<strong>Level</strong> 1—Red BooksPre Primer<strong>Level</strong> 2—Blue Books 1.0<strong>Level</strong> 3—Yellow Books 1.5Each new word has only one meaning and represents onepart of speech. For example, once bat is introduced as a nounmeaning a piece of wood used to hit a ball in baseball, bat isnot subsequently used as an animal or as a verb. This restrictionis maintained for the first two levels. In <strong>Level</strong> 3, however,occasionally it was necessary to use the word as more thanone part of speech, e.g., nut as a noun (nut) and as anadjective (nut cookies). Many frequently occurringwords that appear on basic reading vocabularylists have several meanings and/or function asvarious parts of speech. It should be noted thatfollowing initial introduction, inflectional changesand derivational changes of a base word are notcounted as new words.ChunkingThe phrases or constituents of sentences in the first threelevels are chunked, or separated from each other. The purposeof using the chunking method is to encourage studentsto process units larger than the single word. In each sentence,the subject is separated from the verb by several spaces, andthe verb is separated from the object, prepositional phrase, oradverb by several spaces.SyntaxOne new syntactic structure is introduced in each book duringthe first three levels. Various aspects of the syntactic structureare introduced in each story of the book. These syntacticstructures are then reinforced and expanded upon in subsequentbooks and levels.WorkbooksThe format of the workbooks for the first three levels ofReading Milestones includes skill-building exercises at theword, phrase, sentence, and story levels. Students are notrequi<strong>red</strong> to read the directions for the exercises in the workbooksfor the first three levels.Spelling BooksThe spelling program begins the development of phonologicalawareness and sound-spelling correspondence. It providesadditional practice in word recognition to attain automaticityof sight word vocabulary and improved accuracy in wordspelling, which will contribute to writing fluency.PrerequisitesChildren shouldbe familiarwiththebasicphone orders: 1•800•897•3202 fax: 1•800•397•7633order online (secure server): www.proedinc.com 3
concepts and prereading skills introduced in early literacyprograms. Reading Milestones does not include an early literacycomponent; however, a multitude of such programs arecurrently available. It is likely that school districts alreadyhave early literacy materials or programs that can be used.In addition to basic prereading skills, the authors of ReadingMilestones recommend that the instructors preteach theconcepts and vocabulary used in the Red Books’ stories.Knowledge of language is of major importance in the successfuldevelopment of reading. This is especially true in theestablishment of beginning reading. If the child recognizesthe concepts and vocabulary that will be presented in writtenform and can use those concepts and vocabulary while interactingwith others, then the task of learning to read becomesthat of associating print with meaning. Decoding and comprehensionbecome integrated into a single skill. Without a baseknowledge of the concepts and vocabulary, however, the taskof learning to read is splinte<strong>red</strong> into two parts: learning todecode (associating print with words) and then learning tocomprehend (associating words with meaning).SKILLS INCLUDED IN THE LEVEL 1 RED BOOKSThe guidelines for systematic introduction of the various skillsin the Reading Milestones program are strictly controlled inthe areas of content, vocabulary, decoding skills, comprehensionskills, and syntax.ContentThe following categories were used in the selection of storycontent for the Red Books:a. Children’s story: Depicts life experiences of young children.b. Animal story: Depicts real animal experiences or makebelieveand talking animals.c. Environmental or Nature story: Depicts nature events (e.g.,a crab in the sand at the beach).d. Humorous or Slapstick story: Depicts events that are fantasy,or make-believe.e. Friendly ghost story: Depicts the antics of two young childrendressed as ghosts.4phone orders: 1•800•897•3202 fax: 1•800•397•7633order online (secure server): www.proedinc.com
VocabularyTwo to three new words are introduced in each story. A maximumof 150 new words was established for the Red Books.Each new word has only one meaning and one part of speech.(A list of the new words presented in the Red Books is providedon page 7.) Upon completion of all of the books at thislevel, teachers may wish to review the words before going onto the next level. Words are listed in the order in which theyare introduced in the Red Books.Sight words are also developed in most of the stories startingwith Story 5 in the Red <strong>Level</strong>.Decoding SkillsTwo controls for decoding skills are provided in the RedBooks: (1) introduction of regular letter combinations andspelling patterns (orthographic skills); and (2) chunking ofphrases to encourage processing of units larger than the individualword. The control of orthographic skills resulted in thefollowing regular letter combinations:Examples1-letter words v a2-letter words cv vc to, on3-letter words cvc ccv vcc big, the, end4-letter words cvcc ccvc desk, Chad5-letter words ccvcc cccvc drink, scrubSix-letter verbs were allowed to provide the addition of theinflectional ending -s for third-person singular present tenseverbs. These guidelines limit the vocabulary allowed both inlength (one syllable only) and in type (no silent vowels arepermitted on the ends of words). The second skill, chunkingof units larger than the individual word, has been discussedpreviously. Sentence length is also controlled. In the RedBooks, each sentence has two to three constituents (phrases).phone orders: 1•800•897•3202 fax: 1•800•397•7633order online (secure server): www.proedinc.com 5
Comprehension SkillsSeveral basic reading comprehension skills for stories in theRed <strong>Level</strong> Readers are built into the Suggested Lesson Plansand the Workbook exercises.A brief list of the comprehension skills introduced in the RedBooks is provided below:• Classification• Size relationships• Following directions• Cloze procedure variations• Sequencing story events• Identifying the main ideaSyntaxOne new syntactic structure is introduced in each book of theRed Books. The six stories in each book provide reinforcementof that particular structure, provide experience with variousaspects of the structure, or expand use of the structure toother functions (i.e., pragmatic uses).A brief list of the syntactic structures introduced in the RedBooks is provided below.Book 1 Intransitive verbsBook 2 Single-word Who? questionsBook 3 Contrast definite/indefinite articlesBook 4 Single-word What? questionsBook 5 Transitive verbsBook 6 Prepositional phrases following intransitive verbsBook 7 Single-word Where? questionsBook 8 Single-word When? questionsBook 9 Descriptive adjectivesBook 10 Expansion of descriptive adjectives, reinforcementof all syntactic structures introduced thus far.Upon completion of the readers and workbooks in the RedBooks of Reading Milestones, students are ready to proceed tothe second level, which has been designated the Blue Books.6phone orders: 1•800•897•3202 fax: 1•800•397•7633order online (secure server): www.proedinc.com
New Words Introduced in <strong>Level</strong> 1a Chad farm log pulls stands an chalk fat lunch <strong>red</strong> stops ant clapsfinds man rips stops at climbs fish March rock swims ball corn frog maskrollsswingsbarn cow gets May room the bat crab girl Meow! rug throws bedcracks grass milk runs to big crawls hall Mom scrubs truck bird Dadhangs mop sells upblack Dee hat nest sews Urp! blows desk helps night shelf walks Boodigs hen nuts shirt wall Bow-wow! dirt hill o’clock shop What? bowldog hits on sick When?box doll holds onto sings Where? boy drown in ox sits Who? branch drinksinto pan skunk wind brings drips jam park sled winks brown duck jumps pigslipswinsbug eats kicks pill small works bumps egg knots pink snow worm bus endlamb plays sock yak car falls lamp pond song yard cat fan liftsprints spills yellsphone orders: 1•800•897•3202 fax: 1•800•397•7633order online (secure server): www.proedinc.com 7
Red<strong>Level</strong> 1Sample PagesTwo stories are provided. Each story containssample pages from the following components:• Reader• Teacher’s Guide• Workbook• Spelling BookRed Book 1: “The Dog”Red Book 10: “The Fat Yak”8phone orders: 1•800•897•3202 fax: 1•800•397•7633order online (secure server): www.proedinc.com
Red Book 1: “The Dog”phone orders: 1•800•897•3202 fax: 1•800•397•7633order online (secure server): www.proedinc.com 9
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