Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in ... - McMillan

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Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 PART I - PRE-CONDITIONS TO ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS ......... 2 Some Technical Notes ..................................................................................................................... 2 A) Jurisdiction of the Foreign Court ............................................................................ 3 1) Some “Ancient” History.............................................................................. 3 2) Moreguard and the Real and Substantial Connection Test ......................... 4 3) Application of the Real and Substantial Connection Test ........................... 9 (a) Fairness ......................................................................................... 12 (b) Willingness to Enforce Foreign Judgments .................................. 15 (c) Comity and Standards of Jurisdiction and Enforcement prevailing Elsewhere ..................................................................... 15 (d) Inter-Provincial or International Nature of the Case ..................... 16 (e) The Involvement of Other Parties to the Suit ................................ 16 B) Finality .................................................................................................................. 17 C) Non-Monetary Judgments ..................................................................................... 19 PART II - BARS TO ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS .............................. 25 A) Foreign Public Laws Exception ............................................................................ 25 B) Fraud ..................................................................................................................... 30 C) Natural Justice ....................................................................................................... 34 D) Public Policy ......................................................................................................... 36 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 39
The Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Canada Introduction three criteria: Markus Koehnen and Amanda Klein 1 McMillan LLP A foreign judgment is prima facie enforceable in Canada if it meets the following A) the judgment originated from a court that had jurisdiction under the principles of private international law as applied by Canadian courts; B) the judgment is final and conclusive in the original jurisdiction; and C) the judgment is for a definite and ascertainable sum of money, or if not a money judgment, its terms are sufficiently clear, limited in scope and the principles of comity require the domestic court to enforce it. Assuming a foreign judgment meets those three fundamental criteria, Canadian law offers affirmative defences to the enforcement of a foreign judgment if: A) the judgment is based on a penal, revenue or other public law of the foreign jurisdiction; B) the judgment was obtained by fraud; C) the judgment was issued in circumstances that deprived the Canadian defendant of natural justice; and 1 Markus Koehnen was called to the Bar in Ontario in 1988 and is a partner of McMillan LLP in Toronto. Amanda Klein was called to the Bar in Ontario in 2008 and is an associate with McMillan LLP in Toronto.
Page 1: THE RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF
Page 5 and 6: -3- the judgment is actually moneti
Page 7 and 8: British Columbia court would not ha
Page 9 and 10: -7- Thus, for example, in Braintech
Page 11 and 12: -9- the application of North Caroli
Page 13 and 14: -11- 10. Section 10 merely provides
Page 15 and 16: -13- fairness, not a mechanical cou
Page 17 and 18: -15- (b) Willingness to Enforce For
Page 19 and 20: -17- or promotional activities in O
Page 21 and 22: -19- Judgments on the merits includ
Page 23 and 24: -21- unlikely to enforce a foreign
Page 25 and 26: -23- with constitutional protection
Page 27 and 28: -25- PART II - BARS TO ENFORCEMENT
Page 29 and 30: -27- party with a claim for fees fo
Page 31 and 32: -29- Although an older minority jud
Page 33 and 34: -31- to the plaintiff and the court
Page 35 and 36: -33- fraud, since to allow such cla
Page 37 and 38: -35- due process. It does not relat
Page 39 and 40: -37- had argued that the public pol
Page 41: -39- court might. Second, the court

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