Transformer steel - NLMK Group

ContentsIntroduction 21. Application scope 42. Process 5Production flow chart 63. Properties 73.1 Dimensional product mix 73.2 Magnetic properties 83.3 Physical and mechanical properties 113.4 Electric insulation coating 124. Page index of diagrams of steel magnetic properties per grade 135. Packaging 356. Reference table of compliance of steel grades and magnetic propertiesto various standards6А. Reference table of compliance of steel grades and magnetic propertiesof various manufacturers36377. Conversion table 388. Contact details 39

2IntroductionNLMK Group produces grain-oriented electrical steel at two of its Russian sites: OJSC “NLMK”,Lipetsk, and LLC “VIZ-Stal”, Yekaterinburg.Due to its advantage of wide experience in grain-oriented electrical steel production gained at itssites in Lipetsk (since 1960) and Yekaterinburg (since 1973) NLMK Group meets its customers’requirements and continuously improves its product quality.Grain-oriented electrical steel by NLMK Group is widely used for the manufacture of powerand distribution transformers of various design, other electrical equipment and apparatuses.At present NLMK is implementing a large-scale equipment and process upgrading programand is planning to master the production of high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steelby 2010-2011.The Group companies are giving great consideration to quality and environment managementsystems and have obtained certificates confirming their compliance with internationalstandards.NLMK Group has a well-developed global sales center network and the required logisticresources to guarantee on-time delivery of grain-oriented electrical steel directlyto the consumer's site.

41. Application scopeGrain-oriented electrical steel (GOES) is widely used for the production of powertransformers and has low specific core loss, which makes it essential for the manufactureof magnetic cores.List of main electrical equipment, where NLMK Group’s steel is used for the manufactureof magnetic cores:power transformers;distribution transformers;shunt reactors;measuring transformers;generators;high-voltage and low-voltage gear;electronics.

52. ProcessGOES is melted in and tapped from basic oxygen furnaces (BOF) with subsequent castingat continuous casting machines (CCM).A comprehensive technology provides for liquid steel blowing with inert gases, vacuumdegassing and secondary metallurgy.Hot rolling is performed at continuous hot strip mill.Cold-rolled strip productionFirst strip surface is descaled at the pickling line. Then the strip undergoes first cold rollingat continuous 4-stand mill to obtain intermediate thickness.Cold-rolled strip is subjected to decarburization re-crystallization annealing at continuousannealing line.In the process of second cold rolling the strip is reduced to its final thickness.After heat-resistant coating is applied (MgO), the coils undergo high-temperature batchannealing in hydrogen atmosphere.Then the strip is cleaned from excessive MgO, coated with electric insulation coating andundergoes further processing at thermoflattening and electric insulation coating lines.Part of coils is laser-treated at laser facility (domain refining).Slitting and cut-to-length lines are used for edge trimming, slitting and commodity coilgeneration.Finished products are packed and shipped by railway or by trucks.

6Production flow chart of cold-rolled electrical steel1. Pickling of hot-rolled strip6. High-temperature annealingin bell-type furnaces in controlledenvironment2. 1 st cold rollingto intermediate thickness7. Electric insulation coating applicationand thermoflattening3. Decarburization annealingat continuous annealing line8. Slitting and cutting operations(edge trimming; slitting; cuttingto length)4. 2 nd cold rollingto final thickness9. Treatment at laser facility5. Heat-resistant coatingapplication10. Finished product shipment

83. Properties3.1. Dimensional product mixFully-processed cold-rolled grain-oriented electrical steel (CRGO) is supplied in line withGOST 21427.1 (Russia), EN 10107 (EC), NLMK standard and technical specifications agreedwith the customers.Grain-oriented electrical steel is supplied with electric insulation non-organic coating.Nominal thickness, mm 0.23; 0.27; 0.30; 0.35; 0.50Width, mmcoils up to 1 000slit strip 90-500Coil ID, mm 500Coil weight, t up to 5Nominal thickness, mm 0.23; 0.27; 0.30 0.35; 0.50Max. thickness deviation, mm ± 0.020 ± 0.030Max. weld thickness deviation, mm 0.02Transverse thickness deviation, max., mm 0.02Longitudinal thickness deviation (1 500 mm of length),max., mm0.02Burr height, max., mm 0.02Nominal width, mm L≤ 250 250500Max. width deviation, mm +0.8 +1.2 +0.5%Wave factor, %, max. 1.5Wave height, max., mm 3.0Camber (1 500 mm of length), max., mm 0.5Grain-oriented electrical steel meeting other product mix requirements can be producedaccording to special order upon additional agreement.

93.2 Magnetic propertiesSubject to agreement with the customer electrical grain-oriented steel is supplied in accordancewith GOST 21427.1, EN 10107, NLMK Standard and Technical Specification in grades specified inthis section.SteelgradeNominalthickness,mmGuaranteed magnetic propertiesР 1.5/50,max., W/kgР 1.7/50,max., W/kgВ 800,min, TTypical magnetic propertiesР 1.5/50,W/kg,averageР 1.7/50,W/kg,averageВ 800,T, averageEuropean standard EN 10107M100-23P1.00 1.85 0.68 0.99 1.86М110-23S 1.10 1.78 0.69 1.06 1.860.23М120-23S 1.20 1.78 0.74 1.11 1.86М127-23S 1.27 1.75 0.77 1.21 1.84State standard of Russia GOST 21427.134091.08 0.75 1.06 1.883408 1.14 0.78 1.12 1.880.273407 1.20 0.80 1.16 1.873406 1.27 0.83 1.23 1.8634091.14 0.81 1.13 1.883408 1.20 0.82 1.17 1.880.303407 1.26 0.84 1.22 1.873406 1.33 0.89 1.28 1.8634091.24 0.89 1.22 1.873408 1.30 0.92 1.27 1.870.353407 1.36 0.93 1.31 1.863406 1.43 0.98 1.41 1.83Corporate standard NLMK STO 05757665-008NV23S-100L- 1.00 1.87 0.68 0.99 1.88NV23S-110 0.73 1.10 1.85 0.69 1.06 1.860.23NV23S-120 0.77 1.20 1.83 0.74 1.13 1.86NV23S-127 0.80 1.27 1.82 0.78 1.22 1.85NV27P-100- 1.00 1.88 0.68 0.99 1.88NV27S-105L - 1.05 1.87 0.74 1.04 1.88NV27S-110 0.75 1.10 1.86 0.74 1.07 1.880.27NV27S-120 0.80 1.20 1.84 0.78 1.13 1.87NV27S-130 0.85 1.30 1.83 0.81 1.24 1.85NV27S-140 0.89 1.40 1.82 0.86 1.35 1.83

11The appearance of laser-treated steel surface, coated and uncoatedCoatedUncoated3.3. Physical and mechanical propertiesIndicatorValueThickness, mm0.23 0.27 0.30 0.35σ т,N/mm 2σ B,N/mm 2δ 4,%LongitudinalTransverseLongitudinalTransverseLongitudinalTransverseaverage 335 339 332 335min-max 320–360 315–350 315–360 310–360average 357 358 352 354min-max 345–370 349–369 344–361 347–365average 362 359 354 356min-max 340–375 341–372 336–376 338–375average 405 409 400 408min-max 395–415 399–421 386–426 390–425average 8 9 10 11min-max 6–12 7–13 7–16average 27 28 28 29min-max 24–30 24–31 24–37 25–37HV 5average 175 174 178 177min-max 165–190 164–182 165–195 168–200Stacking factor average 0.950 0.955 0.960 0.965Specific electrical resistance, average 0.475Ohm•mm 2 /mmin-max 0.45–0.50Specific density, kg/m 3 7 650Number of bendsCoefficient of ageing, %≥2≤2

123.4 Electric insulation coatingGrain-oriented electrical steel is supplied in coils and slit coils with electric insulation coating:“СМ” coating (Coating Magnetoactive) – ground layer based on magnesium and silicon oxidescovered with silicon phosphates and oxides.Technical propertiesCoating type acc.to STO 05757665-008-2007СМCoating type acc. to GOST 21427.1ЭТClass ASTM 976С2+C5EN 10342EC-5-GColorgrey or brown greyCoatingdouble-sideCoating thickness, μm 2.0–5.0Resistance coefficient, Ohm x cm 2Heat resistanceOil resistance≥20830 0 С, 10 h., protective atmosphere(90% N 2+10% H 2)good

14Magnetic polarizationJm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3409Relative peak permeabilitym=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3409

15Core lossP=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3409Exciting powerS=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3409

16Magnetic polarizationJm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3409Relative peak permeabilitym=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3409

17Core lossP=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3409Exciting powerS=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3409

18Magnetic polarizationJm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3408Relative peak permeabilitym=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3408

19Core lossP=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3408Exciting powerS=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3408

20Magnetic polarizationJm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3408Relative peak permeabilitym=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3408

21Core lossP=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3408Exciting powerS=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3408

22Magnetic polarizationJm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.35 mm, 3408Relative peak permeabilitym=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.35 mm, 3408

23Core lossP=f(Jm), 0.35 mm, 3408Exciting powerS=f(Jm), 0.35 mm, 3408

24Magnetic polarizationJm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3407Relative peak permeabilitym=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.27 mm, 3407

25Core lossP=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3407Exciting powerS=f(Jm), 0.27 mm, 3407

26Magnetic polarizationJm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3407Relative peak permeabilitym=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.30 mm, 3407

27Core lossP=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3407Exciting powerS=f(Jm), 0.30 mm, 3407

28Magnetic polarizationJm=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.35 mm, 3407Relative peak permeabilitym=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.35 mm, 3407

29Core lossP=f(Jm), 0.35 mm, 3407Exciting powerS=f(Jm), 0.35 mm, 3407

30Magnetic polarizationJm=f(Hrms), 0.23 mm, M120-23SRelative peak permeabilitym=f(Hm), F=50Hz, 0.23 mm, M120-23S

31Core lossP=f(Jm), 0.23 mm, M120-23SExciting powerS=f(Jm), 0.23 mm, M120-23S

32Core losses Р 1.5/50at angles to the rolling direction0.27 mm, 3409Magnetic polarization В 800at angles to the rolling direction0.27 mm, 3409

33Permeability μ 15at angles to the rolling direction0.27 mm, 3409Core losses Р 1.5/50at angles to the rolling direction0.30 mm, 3409

34Magnetic polarization В 800at angles to the rolling direction0.30 mm, 3409Permeability μ 15at angles to the rolling direction0.30 mm, 3409

355. Packaging3102718954631. Fastener2. Strapping band3. Cover lid4. Outer wrapping sheet5. PE-coated wrapping paper6. Pallet assembly with screw dies and angles7. PE-film8. Adhesive tape9. Self-adhesive label10. Protective angleGrain-oriented electrical steel coils and slit coils are shipped eye up.

366. Reference table of compliance of steel grades and magnetic properties to various standardsGOST 21427.1-83, Russia GB/T 2521-96, China JIS G G2553-2000, Japan AISI 1983, USA ASTM A 876M, USA EN 10107, ЕСGradeSpecific loss,Р 1.7/50,W/kgGradeSpecific loss,Р 1.7/50,W/kgGradeSpecific loss,Р 1.7/50,W/kgGradeSpecific loss,Р 1.7/50,W/kgGradeSpecific loss,Р 1.7/50,W/kgGradeSpecific loss,Р 1.7/50,W/kgThickness,mm0.230.270.300.35M3 1.18 M120-23S 1.20M127-23S 1.273409 1.08 27QG100 1.00 27Р110 1.103408 1.14 27QG110 1.103407 1.20 27Q120 1.20 27G120 1.20 М3 1.21 27Н163М 1.24 M120-27S 1.203406 1.27 27Q130 1.30 27G130 1.30 М4 1.27 M130-27S 1.303405 1.38 27Q140 1.40 27G140 1.40 M140-27S 1.403409 1.14 30QG110 1.103408 1.20 30QG120 1.20 30Р120 1.20 М3 1.233407 1.26 30QG130 1.30 30G130 1.30 M130-30S 1.303406 1.33 30Q130 1.30 М4 1.323405 1.40 30Q140 1.40 30G140 1.40 М5 1.39 30Н183М 1.39 M140-30S 1.403404 1.50 30Q150 1.50 30G150 1.50 M150-30S 1.503409 1.24 35QG125 1.25 35Р125 1.253408 1.303407 1.36 35QG135 1.35 35G135 1.3535Q135 1.353406 1.43 35Q145 1.45 35G145 1.45 М5 1.45 M140-35S 1.403405 1.50 35Q155 1.55 35G155 1.55 35Н207М 1.57 M150-35S 1.503404 1.60 М6 1.57 М165-35S 1.65

376А. Reference table of compliance of steel grades and magnetic properties of various manufacturersGOST 21427.1-83GradeNLMK Standard(STO 05757665-008)GradeGradeNippon Steel JFE POSCO ThyssenGradeGradeGradeThickness, mmSpecific loss,Р1,7/50, W/kgInduction, В100, ТSpecific loss,Р1,7/50, W/kgInduction, В800, ТSpecific loss,Р1,7/50, W/kgInduction, В800, ТSpecific loss,Р1,7/50, W/kgInduction, В800, ТSpecific loss,Р1,7/50, W/kgInduction, В800, ТSpecific loss,Р1,7/50, W/kgInduction, В800, Т0.270.30NV27P-100 1.00 1.88 27ZH100 1.00 1.88 27RGH100 1.00 1.87 27PH100 1.00 1.88 H103-27 1.03 1.853409 1.08 1.72 NV27S-105L 1.05 1.87 27ZH110 1.10 1.88 27RGH110 1.10 1.87 27PH145 1.10 1.873408 1.14 1.71 NV27S-110 1.10 1.863407 1.20 1.68 NV27S-120 1.20 1.84 27Z120 1.20 1.80 27RG120 1.20 1.80 27PG158 1.20 1.80 C120-27 1.20 1.803406 1.27 1.62 NV27S-130 1.30 1.83 27Z130 1.30 1.80 27RG130 1.30 1.80 27PG172 1.30 1.80 C130-27 1.30 1.783405 1.38 1.61 NV27S-140 1.40 1.82 27PG185 1.40 1.76 C140-27 1.40 1.75NV30P-105 1.05 1.88 30ZH105 1.05 1.88 30RGH105 1.05 1.87 30PH105 1.05 1.88 H105-30 1.05 1.883409 1.14 1.72 NV30S-110L 1.10 1.87 30ZH110 1.10 1.88 30RGH110 1.10 1.87 30PH145 1.10 1.87 H111-30 1.11 1.853408 1.20 1.71 NV30S-120 1.20 1.86 30Z120 1.20 1.80 30RG120 1.20 1.80 30PH158 1.20 1.873407 1.26 1.68 30Z130 1.30 1.80 30RG130 1.30 1.80 30PG172 1.30 1.80 C130-30 1.30 1.803406 1.33 1.62 NV30S-130 1.30 1.843405 1.40 1.61 NV30S-140 1.40 1.78 3Z140 1.40 1.80 30RG140 1.40 1.80 30PG185 1.40 1.80 C140-30 1.40 1.783404 1.50 1.60 30PG198 1.50 1.77 C150-30 1.50 1.75

387. Conversion tableCharacteristicUnit of measurementConversionfactorConversion unitMagnetic induction, BMagnetic field intensitySpecific core loss, PTensile strengthTemperature, TWeightThickness, width, lengthT 10 4 GsGs 10 -4 Tlines per sq. inch 1.55∙10 -5 TT 6.45∙10 4 lines per sq. inchoersted, (Oe) 79.58 A/mA/m 0.01257 oersted, (Oe)W/kg 0.4536 W/lbW/lb 2.205 W/kgMPa (N/mm 2 ) 145 psipsi 6.9∙10 -3 MPa (N/mm 2 )0С х1.8 + 32 0F0F х0.556 + 17.8 0Сpound 0.4536 kgkg 2.205 poundm 39.4 inchinch 0.0254 mm 3.281 footfoot 0.3048 m

398. Contact detailsOJSC “Novolipetsk Steel”Russia, 398040 Lipetsk, 2, pl. MetallurgovFax: (4742) 44 11 11e-mail: info@nlmk.ru, http://www.nlmk.ruLLC “VIZ-Stal”Russia, 620219 Yekaterinburg, 28, Kirova st., GSP-714Tel. (343) 245 49 73, Fax: (343) 242 71 08e-mail:steel@viz.ru