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Dahlberg, MaijaDo You Know It When You See It? A Study on the Judicial Legitimacy of theEuropean Court of Human Rights, 103 pagesUniversity of Eastern FinlandFaculty of Social Sciences and Business Studies, 2015Publications of the University of Eastern Finland,Dissertations in Social Sciences and Business Studies, no 106ISBN (bind): 978-952-61-1769-0ISSN (bind): 1798-5749ISSN-L: 1798-5749ISBN (PDF): 978-952-61-1770-6ISSN (PDF): 1798-5757DissertationABSTRACTThere has been much discussion of the fundamental problems affecting theEuropean Convention on Human Rights system among the Contracting States. TheEuropean Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has been criticised on the basis of itsfar-reaching interpretations of the provisions of the Convention, and serious doubtshave also been expressed as to the effects of its caseload crisis. Furthermore, therehas been debate on related issues, such as the separation of powers, parliamentarydemocracy, national sovereignty and the protection of minorities – more often thannot, criticism of the ECtHR is merely part of a wider debate about the legitimacy ofthe whole Convention system. This study focuses on criticism of the far-reachinginterpretations of the Convention to be found in judgments delivered by the ECtHR.In this study, the term ‘legitimacy’ refers to judicial legitimacy, which means focusingon the judiciary’s point of view in relation to legitimacy. Judicial legitimacy canbe divided into formal legitimacy and substance legitimacy. Formal legitimacy isgained by respecting procedural rules and the subsidiarity principle in its differentforms; while substance legitimacy means paying attention to the content of thejudgment and whether it can be seen as justified and acceptable. The argumentationused by the ECtHR can be analysed in terms of its justifiability and acceptability.This thesis consists of four peer-reviewed articles, and judicial legitimacy lies atthe heart of each. The underlying questions are: (1) what is the ECtHR’s judiciallegitimacy based on, and (2) how can its judicial legitimacy be accomplished? Thestarting-point is that it either gains or loses judicial legitimacy through the reasoningused in its judgments. The legitimacy of the ECtHR’s judgments has beenevaluated by reference to the requirements developed in the rational argumentationtheory. The stories outline the key conclusion of the study, which is that theECtHR’s judicial legitimacy comprises four requirements: (1) form; (2) sources oflaw; (3) methods of interpretation; and (4) the nature of the reasoning used.Keywords: the European Convention on Human Rights, the European Court ofHuman Rights, judicial legitimacy, legal argumentation, rational argumentationtheory
Dahlberg, MaijaDo You Know It When You See It? A Study on the Judicial Legitimacy of theEuropean Court of Human Rights, 103 sivuaItä-Suomen yliopistoYhteiskuntatieteiden ja kauppatieteiden tiedekunta, 2015Publications of the University of Eastern Finland,Dissertations in Social Sciences and Business Studies, no 106ISBN (nid.): 978-952-61-1769-0ISSN (nid.): 1798-5749ISSN-L: 1798-5749ISBN (PDF): 978-952-61-1770-6ISSN (PDF): 1798-5757VäitöskirjaABSTRAKTIEuroopan neuvoston alaiseen ihmisoikeusjärjestelmään kohdistuvat perustavanlaatuisetongelmat ovat olleet viime aikoina useasti esillä sopimusvaltioissa.Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuimeen (EIT) on kohdistunut kritiikkiä muunmuassa sen ihmisoikeussopimuksen säännösten kauaskantoisten ja sopimuksensanamuodosta irtaantuvien tulkintojen vuoksi. Lisäksi tapausten määrän huomattavakasvu EIT:ssä on aiheuttanut huolta tuomioistuimen kyvystä selvitä asianmukaisestityötaakastaan. Kriittisesti on suhtauduttu myös niihin vaikutuksiin,joita ihmisoikeussopimusjärjestelmällä on ollut vallanjakoon, edustukselliseendemokratiaan, kansalliseen suvereniteettiin ja vähemmistöjen suojeluun. Kritiikkion johtanut laajempaan keskusteluun EIT:n ja koko ihmisoikeusjärjestelmän legitiimisyydestä.Tämä tutkimus keskittyy EIT:n tulkintametodeista aiheutuviin legitiimisyyskysymyksiin.Tässä tutkimuksessa legitiimisyydellä tarkoitetaan oikeudellistalainkäyttöön liittyvää legitimiteettiä (judicial legitimacy). Legitiimisyys jaetaanmuodolliseen ja sisällölliseen legitimiteettiin, josta sisällöllinen legitiimisyys onkeskiössä kun arvioidaan perustelujen hyväksyttävyyttä. Muodollinen legitiimisyyssaavutetaan noudattamalla prosessuaalisia sääntöjä ja subsidiariteettiperiaatettasen eri muodoissa, kun taas sisällöllisessä legitiimisyydessä keskitytäänratkaisun sisällön oikeuttamis- ja hyväksyttävyysvaatimuksiin. Oikeuttamista jahyväksyttävyyttä ei voi arvioida ilman, että tarkastelee tuomioistuimen oikeudellistaargumentaatiota. Väitöskirja koostuu neljästä vertaisarvioidusta artikkelista,joiden keskiössä on kysymys EIT:n legitiimisyydestä. Väitöskirjan tutkimuskysymyksetovat: (1) mihin EIT:n juridinen legitiimisyys perustuu; ja (2) miten sen juridinenlegitiimisyys saavutetaan? Lähtökohtana on, että EIT joko saavuttaa taimenettää legitiimisyyden antamiensa perustelujen kautta. Keskeisenä tutkimustuloksenaesitetään EIT:n juridisen legitiimisyyden koostuvan seuraavista osa-alueista:(1) muoto; (2) oikeuslähteet; (3) tulkintametodit; ja (4) perustelujen luonne.Asiasanat: Euroopan ihmisoikeussopimus, Euroopan ihmisoikeustuomioistuin,juridinen legitiimisyys, oikeudellinen argumentaatio, rationaalinen argumentaatioteoria
Page 1: Maija DahlbergDo You Know It WhenYo
Page 4 and 5: MAIJA DAHLBERGDo You Know ItWhen Yo
Page 8 and 9: AcknowledgementsWhen I began my doc
Page 10 and 11: Contents1 INTRODUCTION.............
Page 12: ‘. . . even if law can effectuall
Page 15 and 16: The ECtHR’s extensive and dynamic
Page 17 and 18: not offer a blueprint as to how it
Page 19 and 20: Explaining the approach takenWhen d
Page 21 and 22: y reference to contexts, such as, f
Page 23 and 24: ights’ were indicated in the sear
Page 25 and 26: 24The third part (chapter 3) contai
Page 27 and 28: not resemble situation B for which
Page 29 and 30: principle of effectiveness in Airey
Page 31 and 32: The ECtHR’s patterns of argumenta
Page 33 and 34: its of the case are assessed. 128 T
Page 35 and 36: of legitimacy. 140 Furthermore, it
Page 37 and 38: inding on them. Therefore, the legi
Page 39 and 40: Reasons to follow the ECtHR’s jur
Page 41 and 42: Secondly, legitimacy has a performa
Page 43 and 44: legal reasoning. It has been argued
Page 45 and 46: trine. 211 The margin of appreciati
Page 47 and 48: When a judge resolves an interpreta
Page 49 and 50: Patterns of justificationOne can id
Page 51 and 52: I should stress that I do not link
Page 53 and 54: The acceptability of the ECtHR’s
Page 55 and 56: 3 ‘Once Upon a Time’ -Four Stor
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ather similar and are not bound to
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determining positive obligations. 2
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tions which are imposed on the stat
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In respect of the procedural aspect
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The ECtHR rather typically uses arg
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Chamber addressed the issue of pare
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To this extent, the picture seems i
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However, I emphasised that the inco
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of incorporating social rights with
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…it is obvious that the Court can
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cision is manifestly arbitrary’.
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Article 6. More significantly, in t
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such as the European Social Charter
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complished its judicial legitimacy,
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the systems and reasoning related t
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86Bossuyt, Marc, ‘The Court of St
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88Føllesdal, Andreas, ‘Legitimac
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90Helfer, Laurence - Slaughter, Ann
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92de S.-O.-L’E Lasser, Mitchel, J
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94Myjer, Egbert, ‘Pieter van Dijk
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96Smits, Jan, ’Comparative Law an
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Table of CasesTHE EUROPEAN COURT OF
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100Evans v. The United Kingdom, App
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102
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Article IIMAIJA PITKÄNEN: FAIR AND
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Fair and Balanced Positive Obligati
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Article IIIIMAIJA DAHLBERG: ‘THE
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Forthcoming in the Finnish Yearbook
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SHOULD SOCIAL RIGHTS BE INCLUDED IN
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Maija DahlbergSocial Charter, the C
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Maija DahlbergThere are strong argu
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Maija DahlbergAlso an additional pr
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Maija DahlbergThe majority, by sixt
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Maija DahlbergSocial rights come in
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Maija Dahlberghealth more clearly a
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Maija Dahlbergfair. In addition, th
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Maija DahlbergThe Court pointed out
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Maija Dahlbergthe Romanian Orthodox
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Maija DahlbergThe Court’s remaini
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Maija Dahlbergenjoying the status o
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Maija DahlbergLangford, M. (2008)
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‘ . . . IT IS NOT ITS TASK TO ACT
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2014] The ECtHR as a Court of Fourt
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