Einstein, Relativity & Spacetime!

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What have we learned? 43• How does mass affect spacetime?• Mass causes spacetime to curve, and the curvature of spacetimedetermines the paths of freely moving masses.• How would an ordinary star, a white dwarf, and a blackhole of the same mass differ in spacetime?• Because all three objects have the same mass, far from their surfacesthey would affect spacetime in precisely the same way. Up close,however, the white dwarf would distort spacetime much more thanthe ordinary star, and the black hole would distort spacetime somuch that it essentially would form a bottomless pit—a true hole inthe universe.• According to general relativity, how does gravity affecttime?• Time runs slower in places where gravity is stronger.
What have we learned?44• How have experiments and observations verified thepredictions of the general theory of relativity?• Observations of the change of Mercury’s orbit match thatpredicted by <strong>Einstein</strong>’s theory. Observations of stars duringeclipses and photos of gravitational lensing provide spectacularconfirmation of the idea that light can travel curved paths throughspace. Gravitational redshifts observed in the light of objectswith strong gravity confirm the slowing of time predicted bygeneral relativity.
Page 1: Einstein & Spacetime!
Page 5 and 6: 3b• Time and space are relative t
Page 7 and 8: ‣ The speed of light is nature's
Page 9 and 10: Special Relativity (2) 5• Einstei
Page 11 and 12: Einstein deciding on which mathemat
Page 13 and 14: 9Einstein had put forward two postu
Page 15 and 16: In the picture below a rocket ship
Page 17 and 18: In the exampleshown here, thefast t
Page 19 and 20: General Relativity15A new descripti
Page 21 and 22: If a ball is dropped in the elevato
Page 23 and 24: Gravity and Acceleration19 Accordin
Page 25 and 26: Curvature in Spacetime20a
Page 27 and 28: Mass and Spacetime22• According t
Page 30 and 31: Other Effects of General Relativity
Page 32 and 33: Solar Eclipse Experiment27The bendi
Page 34 and 35: diagram:29
Page 36 and 37: Lensing Basics 31A Normal LensBendi
Page 38 and 39: Gravitational Lensing 33Double imag
Page 40 and 41: 35Lensing of a CastleAnd we place a
Page 42 and 43: 37The various types ofgravitational
Page 44 and 45: Wormholes and Time Machines39• Ei
Page 46 and 47: What have we learned?41• What is
Page 50 and 51: New Termsnatural motionviolent moti

Einstein, Relativity & Spacetime!

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