Management of potato insect pests with in-furrow and seed-applied ...

Management of Potato Insect Pests with In-furrowand Seed-Applied InsecticidesUWEX and WPVGAGrower Education ConferenceJanuary 31, 2012Russell L. Groves,Anders S. Huseth andScott ChapmanDepartment of EntomologyUniversity of Wisconsin1630 Linden DriveMadison, WI 53719groves@entomology.wisc.edu

US Insecticide Market• Almost half of the insecticide expenditure($23.6MM) is on two active ingredients,imidacloprid (Admire, Gaucho) andthiamethoxam (Cruiser, Platinum).• Both are in the same class of chemistry.• Length of control is getting shorter.• Resistance is growing to this class of chemistry(neonicotinoids – ‘neonics’)

Chronology of Insecticide Resistance inColorado Potato Beetle: Long Island, NYInsecticide1 stIntroduced1 stFailedChemical GroupCarbaryl 1957 1958 CarbamateAzinphosmethyl 1959 1964 OPPhosmet 1973 1973 OPPhorate 1973 1974 OPCarbofuran 1974 1976 CarbamateOxamyl 1978 1978 Carbamate`Fenvalerate 1979 1981 PyrethroidPermethrin 1979 1981 PyrethroidFenvalerate + PBO 1982 1983 Pyrethroid +synergistEsfenvalerate + PBO 1983 1984 Pyrethroid +synergistImidacloprid 1995 2000 NicotinylRynaxypyr /Chlorantraniliprole2009 Current Diamide

Factors Influencing Insect Pest Management‘Food Safety’– Major food retailers are setting acceptable residue levelsbelow those set by government regulatory agencies.“No detectable residues” will be a competitiveadvantage for food retailers.– Older insecticides that do not meetthese requirements are not beingre-registered, resulting in increaseduse of novel insecticides(reduced-risk or bio-pesticides).

Factors Influencing Insect Pest Management‘Water Quantity and Quality’• Decreasing availability of water for agriculture- Agriculture is the overwhelming user of fresh water.- Increasing urban demand will drive irrigationefficiency.

Wisconsin, 2011 Imidacloprid Bioassays2011 Wisconsin ResistanceScreenCounty Population n Slope ± SEM LD50 (95% CL) χ2 df RRAdams County A 524 1.90 (± 0.26) 0.62 (0.407 - 0.937) 17.47 5 22 (21.01 - 23.43)B 524 1.81 (± 0.25) 0.39 (0.267 - 0.577) 15.78 5 14 (13.5 - 14.62)Portage A 525 1.49 (± 0.28) 0.72 (0.394 - 1.468) 25.94 5 26 (23.86 - 27.98)B 327 2.75 (± 0.51) 0.38 (0.239 - 0.878) 10.94 3 13 (12.55 - 14.35)Waushara A 500 2.03 (± 0.26) 0.73 (0.513 - 1.047) 14.15 4 26 (24.54 - 27.98)HAES 525 1.47 (± 0.11) 0.48 (0.395 - 0.588) 6.20 5 17 (16.8 - 17.66)C 425 1.63 (± 0.14) 0.72 (0.587 - 0.873) 5.63 4 26 (24.55 - 26.5)Langlade A 120 1.26 (± 0.38) 0.13 (0.08 - 0.433) 6.91 4 5 (4.31 - 5.11)B 120 0.44 (± 0.82) 1.54 ( - ) 40.07 4 55 (46.44 - 63.47)C 120 1.86 (± 0.62) 1.11 (0 - 0.48 ) 8.85 4 40 (23.67 - 55.75)D 119 1.32 (± 0.41) 1.00 (0.44 - 18.94) 3.57 4 36 (0 - 712.32)Columbia AAES 600 3.13 (± 0.33) 0.03 (0.028 - 0.034) 14.11 6 -

Wisconsin, 2011 Imidacloprid Bioassays Topical Assays(2007-11) 6 populationsLC 50 range (0.02 – 4.46)

Imidacloprid [ppm]Neonicotinoid Insensitivity:CPB Survivorship54Seasonal, in-plant [imidacloprid]RR32102004-Present2001-20041995-20000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Days (post-application)RSSS

Colorado Potato Beetle ManagementDevelopment and Defoliation Thresholds‣ 20% Defoliation (pre-flower) and < 10-15% (post-flower)‣ Population Development Thresholds (eggs, larvae)Development threshold = 1 st and 2 nd instar stadiaNeed to protect potato cropfrom CPB for 6-8 weeksPlantingRR-FoliarRR-Foliar2 nd Gen CPB1 st Gen CPBPotato CropVineKill15-Mar 14-Apr 14-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 12-Aug 11-Sep 11-Oct

Colorado Potato Beetle SeasonalBiology and Management 1995-2005Need to protect potato cropfrom CPB for 6-8 weeksPlanting1 st Gen CPBPotato Crop2 nd Gen CPBVine Kill15-Mar 14-Apr 14-May 13-Jun 13-Jul 12-Aug 11-Sep 11-Oct

Reduced Risk Seed and In-FurrowOptions - New RegistrationsA16901 (thiamethoxam + cyantraniliprole)** Anthranillic diamide and neonicotinoid (MoA group 4A & 28)- Use rate 6.5 - 10 oz / ac (CPB)- Control of CPB adults and larvae – PLH & aphids-Verimark TM (cyazypyr)** Anthranillic diamide (MoA group 28)- Seed and in-furrow uses- Use rate 10.3 – 13.5 fl oz / ac (CPB)- Control of CPB adults and larvae, leafhoppers, Lepidopterans* Water soluble, systemically mobile insecticides** Not currently registered

Products Included in this StudyProductActiveIngredientClass Rate Application*Verimark 20SC cyazypyr anthranillic diamide 0.47 & 0.6 fl oz/cwt10.3 & 13.5 fl oz/acSTIF*A16901 40WG thiamethoxam +cyantraniliproleneonicotinoid +anthranillic diamide6.5 10 oz/ac IFAdmirePro 4.6FS imidacloprid neonicotinoid 0.26 & 0.35 fl oz/cwt8.7 fl oz/acSTIFCruiser 5FS thiamethoxam neonicotinoid 0.12 & 0.16 fl oz/cwt STPlatinum 75SG thiamethoxam neonicotinoid 1.67 & 2.67 oz/ac IFBelay 2.16SC clothianadin neonicotinoid 0.6 fl oz/cwt12 fl oz/acSTIF* Not labeled on potato in Wisconsin

Mean CPB Small Larvae (L1-L2)(Jun 16, 23 & 28)Seed and In-Furrow Treatments for CPBControl – CPB Small Larvae / 10 plants706050P = 0.0295Seed TrtIn-Furrow40a302010bcbcbcccbbbccbcccbcc0UTCVerimark (0.47)Verimark (0.6)Verimark 10.3Verimark 13.5A16901 (6.5)A16901 (10)AdmirePro (0.26)AdmirePro (0.35)AdmirePro (8.7)Cruiser (0.12)Cruiser (0.16)Platinum (1.67)Platinum (2.67)Belay (0.6)Belay (12)Treatment

Mean CPB Large Larvae (L3-L4)(Jun 21, 28, and Jul 6)Seed and In-Furrow Treatments for CPBControl – CPB Large Larvae / 10 plants8070aP = 0.01806050Seed TrtIn-Furrow40b30b20100UTCVerimark (0.47)cVerimark (0.6)cVerimark 10.3bcVerimark 13.5bcA16901 (6.5)cA16901 (10)bcAdmirePro (0.26)AdmirePro (0.35)bcAdmirePro (8.7)bcCruiser (0.12)bcCruiser (0.16)cPlatinum (1.67)cPlatinum (2.67)bcBelay (0.6)cBelay (12)Treatment

Mean CPB Large Larvae (L3-L4)(Jul 20 & 28)Seed and In-Furrow Treatments for CPBControl – CPB Adults / 10 plants8070P = 0.01926050Seed TrtIn-Furrow40a3020100UTCb bb bbc bccAdmirePro (0.26)A16901 (10)A16901 (6.5)Verimark 13.5Verimark 10.3Verimark (0.6)Verimark (0.47)bAdmirePro (0.35)bAdmirePro (8.7)bCruiser (0.12)bcCruiser (0.16)bcPlatinum (1.67)cPlatinum (2.67)bcBelay (0.6)cBelay (12)Treatment

Mean Percent Defoliation(Jul 20 & 28)Seed and In-Furrow Treatments for CPBControl – % Defoliation / 10 plants80706050aP = 0.0037Seed TrtIn-Furrow4030b20bb100UTCVerimark (0.47)cVerimark (0.6)cVerimark 10.3bcVerimark 13.5cA16901 (6.5)cA16901 (10)AdmirePro (0.26)AdmirePro (0.35)bAdmirePro (8.7)bcCruiser (0.12)cCruiser (0.16)cPlatinum (1.67)cPlatinum (2.67)cBelay (0.6)cBelay (12)10% DefoliationTreatment

Mean Potato Leafhopper Adults(June 16, 21 & 29)Seed and In-Furrow Treatments for CPBControl – PLH Adults / 20 sweeps8070P = 0.02056050Seed TrtIn-Furrow4030a20aaaba1 PLH / sweep100UTCVerimark (0.47)Verimark (0.6)Verimark 10.3Verimark 13.5bA16901 (6.5)b b b b b b b b b bBelay (12)Belay (0.6)Platinum (2.67)Platinum (1.67)Cruiser (0.16)Cruiser (0.12)AdmirePro (8.7)AdmirePro (0.35)AdmirePro (0.26)A16901 (10)Treatment

Mean Aphids(July 11 and 18)Seed and In-Furrow Treatments for CPBControl – Aphids / 25 leaves504030P = 0.0935Seed TrtIn-Furrow20100UTCVerimark (0.47)Verimark (0.6)Verimark 10.3Verimark 13.5A16901 (6.5)A16901 (10)AdmirePro (0.26)AdmirePro (0.35)AdmirePro (8.7)Cruiser (0.12)Cruiser (0.16)Platinum (1.67)Platinum (2.67)Belay (0.6)Belay (12)Treatment

Summary: Reduced-Risk Seed and In-FurrowTreatments - 2011• All insecticides provided adequate control of the 1 stgeneration Colorado potato beetle – HAES –neonicotinoid resistance continues to increase.• Anthranillic diamides alone (e.g. Verimark) are lesseffective against PLH and aphids when compared tothe neonicotinoids• Effective in-furrow and seed treatment control withthe Anthranillic diamides (and associated premixes)may be effective < 60 days.

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