Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting: Innovation and Development or a ...

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106 COMMUNICATIONS & STRATEGIESHow ever, in Den mark a nd Swe den (a nd als o, the Nethe rlands , Luxe mbourgand Germa ny, fo r example), the an swer to the question of whethe r or n otter restrial res ources should be a ssigne d to b roadca sting is not sostr aightforward . More over, a numb er of househ olds o nly re ceive their progra msfro m terr estria l netw orks in thes e coun tries. There are two sid es to this p roblem,as will b e disc ussed later in this chap ter:• If terres trial TV is consid ered p urely as a c omplimentary infra structure tomaintain 100% c overag e, the n the socio- economic cos ts of implementingter restrial networks versus promo ting 1 00% us e of s atellite and cable netwo rksmus t be a nalyse d and calculated.• If the te rrestr ial de livery netwo rk is looked on as a competito r to o therfor ms of infras tructu re, with its compa rative advan tages of ena bling portab ility,mob ility, and e ase of use, then e ven wh en oth er infrastru ctures are h ighlydev eloped , this compe tition may r eveal the ex tent to whic h terr estria l TV h as arole to p lay.Development of terrestrial delivery networksThe only platform where national regulation still defines the regulatoryframework is that of terrestrial broadcasting (4) . National governments areable to use their ability to promote certain types of services and impede thedevelopment of others. They can choose to put emphasis on traditionalbroadcasting services, new and innovative advanced TV services or dataservices.National governments are able to use this important tool to influence theirdomestic broadcasting markets and give national players the ability tocompete with the powerful and ever-increasing number of internationalplayers. As terrestrial networks are now competing with satellite and cableand, in the future with other infrastructures as well, national governmentshave an even greater responsibility to create the most optimal conditionspossible for terrestrial networks by using the best forms of allocation andorganisation for terrestrial broadcasting.The following section presents the development of terrestrial networks inthe 3 Nordic countries and to a lesser degree in a few other Europeancountries.(4) According to European regulations, satellite networks must conform to the regulations of thecountry of origin. When the up-link is located in another country, the national government willnot be able to regulate the services available in the satellite networks, and consequently in thecable networks as well.
R. TADAYONI 107• DenmarkTerrestrial digital broadcasting does not exist in Denmark. The majorreason for this is that few resources are available for digital broadcasting inthis country. However, the Danish telecom agency is currently exploringways to find new resources for digital TV based on re-planning andharmonisation with its neighbouring countries. It is working on making fourcountrywide multiplexes available in Denmark.In addition, preparatory studies are being conducted with regard tointroducing digital terrestrial TV in Denmark and a trial is underway usingfrequencies from the only countrywide set of frequencies that is reserved fordigital broadcasting in order to gain some kind of technological andorganisational experience. Table 10 shows which services are available inthe trial. It also indicates the name of the multiplex operator and thepercentage of the population covered.Table 10 : Digital terrestrial TV in Denmark (trial)Multiplex Operator Free to air Subscription Coverage1 DR & TV2 DR1, DR2, TV2TV2 regional:TV-LorryTV-ØstAs shown in the table, the pilot project is run by the public servicechannels DR and TV2. Once the trial period is over (end 2000) anddepending on the frequency resources available, among other things, apolitical decision will be taken as to whether or not DTTV is to be developedfurther in Denmark. The multiplex function can be considered as a multicontentprovider-led form of organisation.• SwedenDigital terrestrial TV is available in Sweden and as seen in Table 11,licenses for the four multiplexes have been assigned. An organisation calledSenda has been set up to act as the multiplex operator for all multiplexes inSweden.50%
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