TB/HIV: a clinical manual - libdoc.who.int - World Health Organization

ChildrenThe case definition for AIDS is fulfilled if at least 2 major signs and 2minor signs are present (if there is no other known cause ofimmunosuppression).Major signsº weight loss or abnormally slow growthº chronic diarrhoea for more than 1 monthº prolonged fever for more than 1 monthMinor signsº generalized lymph node enlargementº oropharyngeal candidiasisº recurrent common infections, e.g. ear infection, pharyngitisº persistent coughº generalized rashConfirmed HIV infection in the mother counts as a minor criterion.The definition for children is not very specific, particularly in poorregions where childhood malnutrition and TB are common. Further,many children present with acute HIV-related illness such as PCPwithout any clinical evidence of AIDS.1.3 HIV-RELATED TB1.3.1 Epidemiology of coinfection of HIV and M. tuberculosisBy the end of 2000, about 11.5 million HIV-infected people worldwidewere coinfected with M. tuberculosis. 70% of coinfected people were insub-Saharan Africa, 20% in South-East Asia and 4% in Latin America andthe Caribbean.Numbers of coinfected adults (15–49 years) in WHO regions byend 2000WHO Region Number of people coinfected % of globalwith TB & HIV (thousands) totalAfrica 7979 70Americas 468 4Eastern Mediterranean 163 1Europe 133 1South-East Asia 2269 20Western Pacific 427 4Total 11440 10036BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON TB AND HIV