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Coupling constants strong e.m. weak gravity0.1 1/137 10 -5 10 -39GW emission: very energetic events but almost no interaction• In SN collapse ν withstand 10 3 interactions beforeleaving the star, GW leave the core undisturbed • Decoupling after Big Bang– GW ∼ 10 -43 s (T ∼ 10 19 GeV) – ν ∼ 1 s (T ∼ 1 MeV) – γ ∼ 10 12 s (T ∼ 0.2 eV) Ideal information carrier,Universe transparent to GW all the way back to the Big Bang!